cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Product Design for Disassembly and Bulk Recycling

Abstract The recycling of manufactured products depends greatly on the efficiency with which material can be separated from each other. For the long term, recycling can be made more effective by the design of products for greater use of disassembly and recycling. This requires the development of suitable product analysis tools to enable design teams to evaluate the ease of disassembly and recycling of alternative product concepts during the early stages of design. This paper describes the development of product analysis procedures for combined disassembly and bulk recycling such that consequences of material selection upon the end-of-life recovery of materials can be investigated.
On the solution of certain dual integral equations

1. In this note we consider the formal solution of the dual integral equations where f (x) and g (x) are given and χ(x) is to be found. The direct solution of these equations has been given by Noble [1] but we shall show that they may be solved more easily if they are first reduced to a form in which g (x) ≡ 0.
Fracture analysis of Kevlar-49/epoxy and e-glass/epoxy doublers for reinforcement of cracked aluminum plates

Adhesively bonded composite patch repair is efficient means to regain load carrying capacity, alleviate the crack growth, and improve the service life of the damaged structure. In this paper, three dimensional finite element models are developed to ex amine the fracture behavior of a single edge V-notched Aluminum plate repaired with Kevlar-49/epoxy or e-glass/epoxy prepreg patches on both sides. Contour integral method was used for evaluating the stress intensity factor (SIF), an indicator of the crack stability. The load transfer mechanisms, stress distribution, damage variable (D), and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), were also presented to estimate the effectiveness of composite patch repair. The influence of the patch material, crack length and the adhesive thickness has been investigated. Results have shown that the crack induced damage increased nonlinearly with a larger crack size. With the composite patch repairs, SIF is reduced to 1/7–1/10 of that of the bare plate and CMOD decreased by 79%. The damage variable is reduced significantly and the load capacity is increased. A thinner adhesive layer re sults in a higher percentage of load shared by the composite patch.
Implementation of a morphological image processing algorithm on an FPS T-20 hypercube

Efficient use of the distributed architecture of a hypercube requires balancing tasks among the processor nodes, of which there are sixteen in the FPS T-20. Since each of the FPS T-20 nodes is a vector processor, algorithms which have a natural vectorization are easier to implement. Morphological image-processing algorithms can be decomposed into the elementary morphological operations of dilation and erosion which, for binary representations of the images, can be realized as vector shifts and vector AND/ORs. Several decompositions of tasks for load balancing are discussed, including different masks for different nodes, different structuring elements, and different intensity thresholds. The tradeoffs between computational costs and communication costs for each decomposition are of particular interest. >
The dynamic opponent relativity model: an integration and extension of capacity theory and existing theoretical perspectives on the neuropsychology of arousal and emotion

Arousal theory as discussed within the present paper refers to those mechanisms and neural systems involved in central nervous system activation and more specifically the systems involved in cortical activation. Historical progress in the evolution of arousal theory has led to a better understanding of the functional neural systems involved in arousal or activation processes and ultimately contributed much to our current theories of emotion. Despite evidence for the dynamic interplay between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, the concepts of cerebral balance and dynamic activation have been emphasized in the neuropsychological literature. A conceptual model is proposed herein that incorporates the unique contributions from multiple neuropsychological theories of arousal and emotion. It is argued that the cerebral hemispheres may play oppositional roles in emotion partially due to the differences in their functional specializations and in their persistence upon activation. In the presence of a threat or provocation, the right hemisphere may activate survival relevant responses partially derived from hemispheric specializations in arousal and emotional processing, including the mobilization of sympathetic drive to promote heightened blood pressure, heart rate, glucose mobilization and respiratory support necessary for the challenge. Oppositional processes and mechanisms are discussed, which may be relevant to the regulatory control over the survival response; however, the capacity of these systems is necessarily limited. A limited capacity mechanism is proposed, which is familiar within other physiological systems, including that providing for the prevention of muscular damage under exceptional demand. This capacity theory is proposed, wherein a link may be expected between exceptional stress within a neural system and damage to the neural system. These mechanisms are proposed to be relevant to emotion and emotional disorders. Discussion is provided on the possible role of currently applied therapeutic interventions for emotional disorders.
Midlatitude daytime D region ionosphere variations measured from radio atmospherics

[1] We measured the midlatitude daytime ionospheric D region electron density profile height variations in July and August 2005 near Duke University by using radio atmospherics (or sferics for short), which are the high-power, broadband very low frequency (VLF) signals launched by lightning discharges. As expected, the measured daytime D region electron density profile heights showed temporal variations quantitatively correlated with solar zenith angle changes. In the midlatitude geographical regions near Duke University, the observed quiet time heights decreased from ∼80 km near sunrise to ∼71 km near noon when the solar zenith angle was minimum. The measured height quantitative dependence on the solar zenith angle was slightly different from the low-latitude measurement given in a previous work. We also observed unexpected spatial variations not linked to the solar zenith angle on some days, with 15% of days exhibiting regional differences larger than 0.5 km. In these 2 months, 14 days had sudden height drops caused by solar flare X-rays, with a minimum height of 63.4 km observed. The induced height change during a solar flare event was approximately proportional to the logarithm of the X-ray flux. In the long waveband (wavelength, 1–8 A), an increase in flux by a factor of 10 resulted in 6.3 km decrease of the height at the flux peak time, nearly a perfect agreement with the previous measurement. During the rising and decaying phases of the solar flare, the height changes correlated more consistently with the short, rather than the long, wavelength X-ray flux changes.
Land-Surface Heterogeneity Effects in the Planetary Boundary Layer

We investigate the cumulative added value of assimilating temperature, moisture, and wind observations in the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic Fifth-Generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model MM5 and use these forecasts to analyze the relationship between surface forcing and planetary boundary-layer (PBL) depth. A data assimilation methodology focused on the surface and the PBL, previously tested in a one-dimensional version of MM5, is applied to 29 May, 6 June, and 7 June 2002 during the International $$\hbox {H}_{2}\hbox {O}$$ Project over the Southern Great Plains. Model-predicted PBL depth is evaluated against PBL depth diagnosed from data across 4,800 km of airborne lidar data (flight tracks 100–300 km long). The forecast with data assimilation verifies better against observations and is thus used to investigate the environmental conditions that govern PBL depth. The spatial structure in PBL depth is found to be most affected by spatial variations in surface buoyancy flux and capping inversion strength. The spatial scales of surface flux forcing reflected in the PBL depth are found through Fourier analysis and multiresolution decomposition. Correlations are $${<}0.50$$ at scales of 64 km or less and increase at larger scales for 29 May and 6 June, but on 7 June low correlations are found at all scales, possibly due to greater within-PBL wind speeds, a stronger capping inversion on this day, and clouds. The results suggest a minimum scale, a function of wind speed, below which heterogeneity in surface buoyancy fluxes is not reflected directly in PBL depth.
Experimental massive pulmonary collapse.

1)It has been demonstrated that occlusion of the air passage supplying a unit of the lung which does not also communicate with another air passage (by collateral respiration) will result in atelectasis by absorption of the trapped air. 2)Some cases of atelectasis occur with a rapidity which would preclude absorption of the trapped air as a cause. Since the anatomy of the lungs and the dynamics of respiration make any cause of collapse other than bronchial obstruction unlikely, experiments were performed to determine whether a valvular obstruction would produce rapid atelectasis. It was found that a one-way valve properly placed in the bronchus did produce rapid collapse of the corresponding portion of the lung. 3)The author believes that practically all cases of atelectasis can be explained on the basis of bronchial obstruction.
Analysis and Design of Voltage Regulator with Improved Light Load Efficiency

A Voltage Regulator (VR) design with improved efficiency especially at light load and with good steady-state ripple and dynamic performance is discussed in this paper. The presented VR utilizes a proposed "Pulse-Sliding*" load adaptive control scheme to satisfy the VR requirements. Such VR design is important in many applications including those that are battery powered and has energy consumption constrains. In this paper, the concept, design, analysis, simulation and experimental circuit of the improved VR design are presented.
Occult ganglioneuroma with diarrhea: localization by venous catecholamines.

Neural crest tumors can be complicated by secretory diarrhea mediated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). An eight-month-old male with a several-month history of secretory diarrhea is described. Elevated urine vanillylmandelic adic (VMA), total urine catecholamines, and plasma VIP indicated that a neural crest tumor was responsible for his protracted diarrhea. An extensive search for the tumor including CT scans of his head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis was unre vealing. A selective vena caval catheterization showed elevated catecholamines in a sample obtained above the renal veins. Subsequent laparotomy disclosed a benign ganglioneuroma arising from the left adrenal; the diarrhea resolved after its removal. Selective venous sampling proved useful in establishing the tumor's location where other techniques had been unsuccessful.
A new method for initializing radial basis function classifiers

Introduces a new approach for the selection of RBF kernel centers and their effective widths. RBF centers are divided into two sets and are placed strategically to maximize the classification capability of RBF networks. The first set is located near class boundaries at locations specified by a set of boundary-preserving patterns. The second set of RBF centers is represented by cluster centers using the k-means clustering algorithm. The widths of RBF kernels in both sets are selected so as to minimize the amount of overlap between different class regions. The merits of the authors' approach are validated using a speaker-independent vowel recognition problem. >
Thermal wake models for forced air cooling of electronic components

Analytical solutions are presented for the temperature field which arises from the application of a source of heat on an adiabatic plate or board when the fluid is represented as a uniform flow with an effective turbulent diffusivity, the so-called UFED flow model. Solutions are summarized for a point source, a one-dimensional strip source, and a rectangular source of heat. The ability to superpose the individual kernel solutions to obtain the temperature field due to multiple sources is demonstrated. The point source solution reveals that the N/sup -1/ law commonly observed for the centerline thermal wake decay for three-dimensional arrays is predicted by the point source solution for the UFED model. The thermal wake approaches the point source behavior downstream from the source, suggesting a new scaling for the far thermal wake that successfully collapses the thermal wake for several sizes of components and provides a fundamental basis for experimental observations previously made for arrays of three-dimensional components. Preliminary experimental results using a thermochromic liquid crystal thermal mapping technique are presented. >
Specificity of serum neutralizing antibodies induced by transient immune suppression of inapparent carrier ponies infected with a neutralization-resistant equine infectious anemia virus envelope strain.

It has been previously reported that transient corticosteroid immune suppression of ponies experimentally infected with a highly neutralization resistant envelope variant of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), designated EIAVΔPND, resulted in the appearance of type-specific serum antibodies to the infecting EIAVΔPND virus. The current study was designed to determine if this induction of serum neutralizing antibodies was associated with changes in the specificity of envelope determinants targeted by serum antibodies or caused by changes in the nature of the antibodies targeted to previously defined surface envelope gp90 V3 and V4 neutralization determinants. To address this question, the envelope determinants of neutralization by post-immune suppression serum were mapped. The results demonstrated that the neutralization sensitivity to post-immune suppression serum antibodies mapped specifically to the surface envelope gp90 V3 and V4 domains, individually or in combination. Thus, these data indicate that the development of serum neutralizing antibodies to the resistant EIAVΔPND was due to an enhancement of host antibody responses caused by transient immune suppression and the associated increase in virus replication.
Information Mapping on the Macintosh

Information Mapping is a system for hierarchical spatial arrangement and organization of text to enhance readability. The process has been applied to a wide variety of documents. It enables one to present information by function, get to the point quickly, write for the reader, address the reader's need to scan, and present information in modular units. A general explanation of the Information Mapping format is given. Specific styles in Word, PageMaker, and QuarkXPress that facilitate using mapping are discussed. Styles can free writers from dealing with the format mechanics of mapping.
A more flexible image generation environment

A supervisory process is used to distribute picture-generation tasks to heterogeneous subprocesses. Significant advantages accrue by tailoring the subprocesses to their tasks. In particular, scan conversion algorithms tailored to different surface types may be used in the same image, a changing mixture of processors is possible, and, by multiprogramming, a single processor may be used more effectively. A two-level shape data structure supports this execution environment, allowing top-level priority decisions which avoid comparisons between surface elements from non-interfering objects during image construction.
A novel feature sub-sampling method for efficient universal background model training in speaker verification

Speaker recognition/verification systems require an extensive universal background model (UBM), which typically requires extensive resources, especially if new channel domains are considered. In this study we propose an effective and computationally efficient algorithm for training the UBM for speaker verification. A novel method based on Euclidean distance between features is developed for effective sub-sampling of potential training feature vectors. Using only about 1.5 seconds of data from each development utterance, the proposed UBM training method drastically reduces the computation time, while improving, or at least retaining original speaker verification system performance. While methods such as factor analysis can mitigate some of the issues associated with channel/microphone/environmental mismatch, the proposed rapid UBM training scheme offers a viable alternative for rapid environment dependent UBMs.
Economic Benefits and Support for Membership in the E.U.: A Cross-National Analysis*

How can differences in public support for membership in the European Union across the twelve EU member states and among its citizens be explained? Using Eurobarometer polls for 1982, 1986, and 1990, the paper examines how direct and indirect economic benefits associated with EU membership affect support for integration. We find that individuals living in countries that benefit more from EU membership display higher levels of support for their country's participation in the EU. Moreover, the results indicate that those individuals who benefit personally are also more supportive of the integration project. The paper also spells out some of the possible ramifications of these results.
Virtual factory revisited for manufacturing data analytics

Development of an effective data analytics application for manufacturing requires testing with large sets of data. It is usually difficult for application developers to find access to real manufacturing data streams for testing new data analytics applications. Virtual factories can be developed to generate the data for selected measures in formats matching those of real factories. The vision of a virtual factory has been around for more than a couple decades. Advances in technologies for computation, communication, and integration and in associated standards have made the vision of a virtual factory within reach now. This paper discusses requirements for a virtual factory to meet the needs of manufacturing data analytics applications. A framework for the virtual factory is proposed that leverages current technology and standards to help identify the developments needed for the realization of virtual factories.
A reformulation of the coupled perturbed self-consistent field equations entirely within a local atomic orbital density matrix-based scheme

To exploit the exponential decay found in numerical studies for the density matrix and its derivative with respect to nuclear displacements, we reformulate the coupled perturbed self-consistent field (CPSCF) equations and a quadratically convergent SCF (QCSCF) method for Hartree-Fock and density functional theory within a local density matrix-based scheme. Our D-CPSCF (density matrix-based CPSCF) and D-QCSCF schemes open the way for exploiting sparsity and to achieve asymptotically linear scaling of computational complexity with molecular size (M), in case of D-CPSCF for all O(M) derivative densities. Furthermore, these methods are even for small molecules strongly competitive to conventional algorithms.
Reconfigurable mesh algorithms for image shrinking, expanding, clustering, and template matching

Parallel reconfigurable mesh algorithms are developed for the following image processing problems: shrinking, expanding, clustering, and template matching. The authors' N*N reconfigurable mesh algorithm for the q-step shrinking and expansion of a binary image takes O(1) time. One pass of the clustering algorithm for N patterns and K centers can be done in O(MK+KlogN), O(KlogNM), and O(M+logNMK) time using N, NM, and NMK processors, respectively. For template matching using an M*M template and an N*N image, the authors' algorithms run in O(M/sup 2/) time when N/sup 2/ processors are available and in O(M) time when N/sup 2/M/sup 2/ processors are available. >
Diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) allows detailed imaging of both intramural and extramural structures of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and also allows tissue samples to be obtained from masses and lesions in the GI tract. The objective of the current study was to determine the diagnostic utility of EUS-FNA in evaluating intramural and extramural GI tract lesions. METHODS The authors evaluated all EUS-FNA specimens of GI tract lesions obtained over a 30-month period (from August 2000 to February 2003). Samples of pancreatic and intrabdominal/mediastinal lymph nodes were excluded from the study. A single endosonographer performed all procedures. An attending cytopathologist also was present on site to assess specimen adequacy. Cytologic diagnoses were analyzed for correlations with final diagnoses, which were based on histologic examination of biopsied/resected pathology materials and/or clinical follow-up findings. RESULTS Sixty-two EUS-FNA specimens of intramural and extramural GI tract lesions were obtained from a total of 60 patients. The mean patient age was 58.8 years (standard deviation, 15.3 years). Thirty-six patients (60%) were male, and 24 (40%) were female. Twenty-eight patients had surgical pathologic evaluation of the corresponding lesions. The remaining 32 patients were followed clinically for a mean duration of 9.5 months (standard deviation, 7.7 months). The anatomic sites of the lesions were as follows: esophagus in 23 patients (37%), stomach in 13 patients (21%), duodenum in 15 patients (24%), and rectum/sigmoid in 11 patients (18%). It is noteworthy that 29 patients (43%) previously had experienced unsuccessful attempts at tissue diagnosis by endoscopic forceps biopsy. Of the 62 EUS-FNA specimens, 43, 4, and 15 were reported as being positive for a neoplasm, suspicious, and benign, respectively. Neoplastic lesions included carcinoma (n = 24), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST; n = 18), neuroendocrine neoplasm (n = 2), and lymphoma (n = 1). There were two cases of endometriosis, three foregut duplication cysts, and one case of diverticulosis. There were two lesions that yielded false-negative findings (one gastric lymphoma and one GIST) secondary to sampling or interpretive error. There also were three cases that yielded false-positive findings (one case of endometriosis, one case of duodenal diverticula with smooth muscle hyperplasia, and one case of normal pancreas, which presented as a periduodenal mass). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA in diagnosing GI tract neoplastic lesions were 89%, 88%, and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS EUS-FNA provides accurate tissue diagnosis in a wide variety of extraintestinal mass lesions and intramural GI tumors, particularly in patients for whom previous endoscopic forceps biopsy was unsuccessful in establishing a diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Did Orthographies Evolve

According to Gelb (1963), writing has “evolved” from picture writing to logography to syllabic writing to alphabetic writing. It is argued here that this widely accepted theory of orthographic evolution does not accurately fit the historical facts, and that the variety of orthographies is better explained on linguistic grounds. Orthographies have to be productive, and they can manage this only by providing devices for transcribing the possible words in the lexicon. The very limited number of different ways in which this is accomplished in different orthographies is accounted for by the structural peculiarities of the languages that the orthographies transcribe.
Comment on: The role of aminoglycosides in combination with a β-lactam for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials

Sir, Falagas and colleagues performed a meta-analysis of comparative trials to determine the role, if any, of aminoglycosides in combination with a b-lactam antibiotic for the treatment of infective endocarditis caused by Gram-positive cocci. 1 They are to be congratulated on their thorough analysis and their many fine contributions to the literature. One point in the Discussion section of the article 1 deserves further clarification. The authors state that ‘the addition of gentamicin to penicillin G or ceftriaxone is highly recommended by the AHA for the first 2 weeks of treatment’ in the latest published statement 2 and that findings from their meta-analysis did not support this position. As outlined in their review, only one trial 3 that pertained to streptococci was included in the analysis and that investigation examined monotherapy versus dual therapy for native valve endocarditis caused by either viridans group streptococci or Streptococcus bovis. It is noteworthy that only patients who had streptococcal isolates that were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin were included in the study; ‘resistance’ to penicillin of the initial blood culture isolate was an exclusion criterion. The authors did not, however, provide the specific in vitro susceptibility data (MIC) for the isolates. Due to the success of b-lactam monotherapy in this trial 3 and other investigations, both the current 2 and previous 4 versions of the AHA ‘treatment guidelines’ listed only b-lactam monotherapy as a 4 week treatment option for native valve endocarditis caused by penicillin-susceptible (MIC £ 0.12 mg/L) viridans group streptococci and S. bovis. The current guidelines do recommend that the first 2 weeks of treatment of native valve endocarditis caused by streptococci that have higher (>0.12 to £0.5 mg/L) MICs of penicillin receive combination therapy with gentamicin.
Computational study of the shock driven instability of a multiphase particle-gas system

This paper considers the interaction of a shock wave with a multiphase particle-gas system which creates an instability similar in some ways to the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability but with a larger parameter space. As this parameter space is large, we only present an introductory survey of the effects of many of these parameters. We highlight the effects of particle-gas coupling, incident shock strength, particle size, effective system density differences, and multiple particle relaxation timeeffects. We focus on dilute flows with mass loading up to 40% and do not attempt to cover all parametric combinations. Instead, we vary one parameter at a time leaving additional parametric combinations for future work. The simulations are run with the Ares code, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which uses a multiphase particulate transport method to model two-way momentum and energy coupling. A brief validation of these models is presented and coupling effects are explored. It is shown that even for small particles, on the order of 1 μm, multi-phase coupling effects are important and diminish the circulation deposition on the interface by up to 25%. These coupling effects are shown to create large temperature deviations from the dusty gas approximation, up to 20% greater, especially at higher shock strengths. It is also found that for a multiphase instability, the vortex sheet deposited at the interface separates into two sheets. Depending on the particle and particle-gas Atwood numbers, the instability may be suppressed or enhanced by the interactions of these two vortex sheets.
Shock interaction with deformable particles using a constrained interface reinitialization scheme

In this paper, we present axisymmetric numerical simulations of shock propagation in nitromethane over an aluminum particle for post-shock pressures up to 10 GPa. We use the Mie-Gruneisen equation of state to describe both the medium and the particle. The numerical method is a finite-volume based solver on a Cartesian grid, that allows for multi-material interfaces and shocks, and uses a novel constrained reinitialization scheme to precisely preserve particle mass and volume. We compute the unsteady inviscid drag coefficient as a function of time, and show that when normalized by post-shock conditions, the maximum drag coefficient decreases with increasing post-shock pressure. We also compute the mass-averaged particle pressure and show that the observed oscillations inside the particle are on the particle-acoustic time scale. Finally, we present simplified point-particle models that can be used for macroscale simulations. In the Appendix, we extend the isothermal or isentropic assumption concerning the point-force models to non-ideal equations of state, thus justifying their use for the current problem.
Quantum supergravity, supergravity anomalies and string phenomenology

I discuss the role of quantum effects in the phenomenology of effective supergravity theories from compactification of the weakly coupled heterotic string. An accurate incorporation of these effects requires a regularization procedure that respects local supersymmetry and BRST invariance and that retains information associated with the cut-off scale, which has physical meaning in an effective theory. I briefly outline the Pauli–Villars regularization procedure, describe some applications, and comment on what remains to be done to fully define the effective quantum field theory.
Some Challenges of Social Screening

The ultimate challenge with which we are presented in connection with social investing is no more and no less than this: enhancing the function of conscience in the modern global business corporation. As with individual conscience, however, corporate conscience can be influenced in two ways: from the inside and from the outside. Investment decisions provide external influences, while management values provide influence from the inside.
A quality improvement project to reduce hypothermia in infants undergoing MRI scanning

Hypothermia prevention strategies during MRI scanning under general anesthesia in infants may pose a challenge due to the MRI scanner’s technical constraints. Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results related to increase or decrease in post-scan temperatures in children. We noted occurrences of post-scan hypothermia in anesthetized infants despite the use of routine passive warming techniques. The aims of our quality improvement project were (a) to identify variables associated with post-scan hypothermia in infants and (b) to develop and implement processes to reduce occurrence of hypothermia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants undergoing MRI. One hundred sixty-four infants undergoing MRI scanning were prospectively audited for post-scan body temperatures. A multidisciplinary team identified potential variables associated with post-scan hypothermia and designed preventative strategies: protocol development, risk factor identification, vigilance and use of a vacuum immobilizer. Another audit was performed, specifically focusing on NICU infants. In the initial phase, we found that younger age (P = 0.002), lower weight (P = 0.005), lower pre-scan temperature (P < 0.01), primary anesthetic technique with propofol (P < 0.01), advanced airway devices (P = 0.02) and being in the NICU (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds for developing post-scan decrease in body temperature. Quality improvement processes decreased the occurrence of hypothermia in NICU infants undergoing MRI scanning from 65% to 18% (95% confidence interval for the difference, 26-70%, P < 0.001). Several variables, including being in the NICU, are associated with a decrease in post-scan temperature in infants undergoing MRI scanning under sedation/general anesthesia. Implementation of strategies to prevent hypothermia in infants may be challenging in the high-risk MRI environment. We were able to minimize this problem in clinical practice by applying quality improvement principles.
Cardioglobulin. Clinical correlations.

The plasma concentration of cardioglobulin C has been compared in hypertension, aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, and in a group of normal subjects. The concentration in subjects with aortic insufficiency was normal; whereas in the groups with aortic stenosis and with hypertension, the concentration was significantly increased. These findings suggest that there may be some relationship between the increased plasma concentration of cardio-globulin C and the development of increased left ventricular isometric tension in systole, which is characteristic of patients with aortic stenosis or essential hypertension. Cardioglobulin C concentration was measured in a group of patients with congestive heart failure secondary to valvular disease, and in two groups of patients with cardiac failure secondary to myocardial disease, either of known or of unknown cause. The results showed that the cardioglobulin C concentration in congestive failure secondary to valvular disease or to muscle disease of known cause was not significantly different from normal. The 17 patients with congestive failure secondary to muscle disease of unknown cause could be divided into two populations with respect to cardioglobulin C concentration. One group had concentrations which fell in the normal range, whereas the other group had extremely low values. The findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the cardioglobulin system may be essential for maintaining normal myocardial contractility in warm-blooded animals.
708 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Improves Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Lung Transplantation

plant database. Descriptive statistics were used. We analyzed time to event using Kaplan-Meier, groups were compared using the log-rank test. Logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. P-values of 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Fifty-four percent (n 184) of patients listed for transplant were male and 46% (n 156) were female. Median age at listing was 59.5 years old. Distribution of diagnoses was 45% pulmonary fibrosis, 25% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 11% cystic fibrosis, 4% pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 9% other. Median lung allocation score (LAS) at listing was 37.8. Of the 340 patients, 37 (11%) had a PRA 25%. Likelihood of transplant was lower in patients with PRA 25% (51% vs. 84%, p 0.001). Median time to transplant was longer in patients with PRA 25% (186 days versus 46 days, p 0.001). Death on the waitlist was also significantly higher in the allosensitized group (19% versus 7%, p 0.01) compared to the non-allosenzited group. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that patients with PRA 25% were at increased risk of death on the waiting list (OR 5.12; 95% CI: 1.79-14.63, p 0.004), after adjusting for LAS and age. Conclusions: In our study, PRA 25% was associated with a lower likelihood of transplantation, longer time to transplant, and increased risk of dying on the waiting list. Given these findings, further studies evaluating the effects of desensitization are warranted.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF NATIVE FISHES OF THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER: HOW TO IDENTIFY THEIR REMAINS

Archaeological sites in the Salton Basin of southeastern California and along the lower Colorado River provided opportunities to determine which fish species were present prior to extirpations, environmental degradation, and the recession of Lake Cahuilla. These remains also represent the fishes exploited by Native Americans. Bonytail ( Gila elegans ), razorback sucker ( Xyrauchen texanus ), Colorado pikeminnow ( Ptychocheilus lucius ), striped mullet ( Mugil cephalus ), and machete ( Elops affinis ) have been recovered from 117 sites in the Salton Basin, once filled by the Colorado River forming Lake Cahuilla. Bonytail and razorback sucker comprise nearly 99% of the remains. Along the lower Colorado River itself, fragmentary elements of bonytail, razorback sucker, Colorado pikeminnow, and roundtail chub ( G. robusta ) have been recovered, documenting a disappearing native fish fauna. Anatomical details are described that permit identification of diagnostic materials commonly recovered during archaeological excavations.
Evidence for Clinical Differentiation and Differentiation Syndrome in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and IDH1 Mutations Treated With the Targeted Mutant IDH1 Inhibitor, AG-120

Abstract Background Cancer-associated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations block normal cellular differentiation via production of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving targeted mutant IDH inhibitor therapy, neutrophil recovery within the setting of clinical differentiation syndrome (DS) has been anecdotally described. Patients and Methods We describe 3 patients who developed clinically apparent DS during monotherapy with the mutant IDH1 inhibitor, AG-120, for relapsed/refractory AML. Results AG–120-induced differentiation commenced within the first 60 days of treatment, notably in the same time frame as clinical response, strengthening the purported mechanism of targeted mutant IDH inhibitor therapy via successful myeloid maturation. Symptoms of DS were nonspecific and included culture-negative fever, edema, hypotension, malaise, and pleural and/or pericardial effusions, in addition to marked neutrophil-predominant leukocytosis. Conclusion DS can occur during treatment with targeted mutant IDH1 inhibitor therapy. Patients might present with nonspecific clinical manifestations often in the setting of leukocytosis related to exuberant neutrophil recovery. Prompt identification and initiation of treatment interventions, including hydroxyurea, corticosteroids, and/or consideration of temporary treatment discontinuation, are important to facilitate prompt resolution.
Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Development in Drosophila

The Drosophila system has been invaluable in providing important insights into mesoderm specification, muscle specification, myoblast fusion, muscle differentiation, and myofibril assembly. Here, we present a series of Drosophila protocols that enable the researcher to visualize muscle precursors and differentiated muscles, at all stages of development. In doing so, we also highlight the variety of techniques that are used to create these findings. These protocols are directly used for the Drosophila system, and are provided with explanatory detail to enable the researcher to apply them to other systems.
Protein kinase C activation allows pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to proliferate to hypoxia.

Pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation occurs with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in vivo. However, proliferation of cultured PA SMC to hypoxia has not been demonstrated, and ...
Remote Neuropsychological Assessment in Rural American Indians with and without Cognitive Impairment

OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and reliability of a brief battery of standard neuropsychological tests administered via video teleconference (VTC) to a sample of rural American Indians compared with traditional face-to-face administration. METHODS The sample consisted of 84 participants from the Choctaw Nation in Oklahoma, including 53 females and 31 males [M age = 64.89 (SD = 9.73), M education = 12.58 (SD = 2.35)]. Of these, 29 had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia, and 55 were cognitively normal. Tests included the MMSE, Clock Drawing, Digit Span Forward and Backward, Oral Trails, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Letter and Category Fluency, and a short form Boston Naming Test. Alternative forms of tests were administered in counterbalanced fashion in both face-to-face and VTC conditions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to compare test scores between test conditions across the entire sample. RESULTS All ICCs were significant (p< .0001) and ranged from 0.65 (Clock Drawing) to 0.93 (Boston Naming Test), with a mean ICC of 0.82. CONCLUSION Results add to the expanding literature supporting the feasibility and reliability of remote videoconference-based neuropsychological test administration and extend findings to American Indians.
Extrapolation from experimental chronic staphylococcal mastitis in mice to experimental infections in cattle.

SUMMARY An attempt was made to reproduce chronic staphylococcal mastitis in the cow by applying the technique developed in the mouse. It was shown that, as in the mouse, chronic staphylococcal mastitis may be established by inoculating Staph. aureus into quarters in which a neutrophil infiltration had been induced by prior inoculation of endotoxin. However, it was also shown that this artificially induced neutrophil population was unnecessary in the cow; the normal neutrophil population of the milk and gland was sufficient to bring about the establishment of chronic infections following inoculation of Staph. aureus. In quarters that failed to respond to standard intramammary therapy with sodium cloxacillin staphylococci were detected, as predicted by the mouse mastitis model, only in the alveoli associated with neutrophils. These observations in the cow validate the hypotheses derived from the mouse mastitis model.
Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Conduct Problems, Interventions, and Partner Contact With the Child

Children's contact with their mother's violent partner is a potentially important variable for understanding conduct problems among children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Within the context of a treatment study evaluating a parenting intervention (Project Support) for families exiting a domestic violence shelter, this study tested four hypotheses regarding children's postshelter contact with their mother's violent partner: (1) participation in Project Support decreases the frequency of children's contact with their mother's violent partner; (2) postshelter contact is positively associated with children's conduct problems and is associated more strongly for girls than boys; (3) frequency of contact mediates Project Support's effects on children's conduct problems; and (4) frequency of contact is positively associated with IPV and partner-child aggression, and these latter associations help explain effects of contact on children's conduct problems. Participants were 66 women (26 White) with a child (32 girls) between 4 and 9 years. Families were assessed every 4 months for 20 months after departure from a domestic violence shelter. Project Support reduced the extent of partner-child contact. In addition, within-subject changes in contact over time were associated with girls', but not boys', conduct problems, and it partially mediated effects of Project Support on girls' conduct problems. Higher average levels of contact over time were also positively associated with further incidents of IPV and partner-child aggression, and partner-child aggression helped explain effects of contact on children's conduct problems. Children's postshelter contact with the mother's violent partner relates positively to several negative family outcomes.
The Name of the Game is Money

International finance is a game with two sets of players: the politicians and bureaucrats of national governments, and the presidents and treasurers of giant, large, medium-large, medium, medium-small, and small firms and banks and hedge funds, and other financial institutions. The government officials want to win elections and secure a niche in the histories of their countries. A few aspire to get their portraits on the national currency. And to do so, they want to be able to manage their economies to provide more jobs and better-paying jobs and financial security for their voters. They want to avoid sharp increases in inflation rates and sharp declines in the foreign exchange value of their currencies. The corporate presidents and treasurers want to profit — or at least avoid losses — from changes in exchange rates, changes that are inevitable in a world with more than 150 national currencies.
Constitutional Economics: Lochner, Labor, and the Battle for Liberty

This Article argues that the conventional narrative about the decline of Lochnerism and the rise of mid-century substantive due process jurisprudence is incomplete. That narrative focuses initially on how the premises underlying Lochner’s conception of economic freedom were rejected. The Article instead focuses on how the labor movement articulated an alternative conception of freedom that was adopted by Congress, the Executive, and the Supreme Court. While Lochnerism was premised on a negative view of freedom, the labor movement articulated a positive view of freedom and analogized it to republican freedom of association in the political sphere. By reframing the terms of the Lochner-labor debate, the Article shows how strands of labor’s conception of associational freedom in one nominally private sphere — the workplace — are transported into modern substantive due process jurisprudence in the post-Griswold era as the doctrine protects association in another — the intimate sphere. The Article traces similarities between the rise of labor’s freedom and the rise of sexual and intimate freedoms and explores the ways in which they have transformed American constitutional law.
3D-SiP: The latest miniaturization technology

The latest packaging trend of three dimensional system in package (3D-SiP), based either on direct 3D silicon IC stacking or on the use of silicon or organic interposers, is placed in the context of the historical trend toward smaller, faster, and cheaper electronic systems. It can be shown that virtually all packaging advances have been directed toward the reduction of total system interconnect length, and the reduction of superfluous material not required to perform electronic functions. Examples are presented from the days of vacuum tube systems to the present 3D silicon approaches. Various technologies being developed for 3D-SiP are described. Though these approaches differ in technical details, they are all attempting to continue the 50+ year tread of electronics miniaturization through reducing material volume and interconnect length.
Arithmetic of K3 Surfaces

Being surfaces of intermediate type, i.e., neither geometrically rational or ruled, nor of general type, K3 surfaces have a rich yet accessible arithmetic theory, which has started to come into focus over the last fifteen years or so.
Describing the Elements of Business and Human Resource Strategy Statements

Five hundred-thirty (530) companies supplied us with their business and human resource strategies. Eighty-eight (88) percent of the business strategies were formal documents, whereas 65 percent of the human resource strategies were formal documents. A content analysis of the formal business strategy statements shows that the majority of firms mention quality and profitability. The most common elements on the formal human resource strategy statements are employee development and recruitment and staffing; however, these are mentioned on only about one-fourth of the HR statements. Generally, different business goals did not produce different elements on the HR statements. We use our results to make suggestions on how to improve HR strategy statements.
Quantitative Shape Analysis

This paper presents a static analysis that computes quantitative information for recursive heap structures in programs with destructive updates. The algorithm targets tree structures and is able to extract quantitative information about the height and the balancing of such structures. We formulate the algorithm as a dataflow analysis. We use a heap abstraction that captures both shape invariants and quantities of heap structures. Then, we give a precise specification of the transfer functions that describe how each statement updates this abstraction. The algorithm is able to verify the correctness of re-balancing operations after AVL tree insertions.