cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structures, dynamics, and olefin polymerization behavior of group 4 metal (pyCAr2O)2M(NR2)2 complexes containing bidentate pyridine-alkoxide ancillary ligands

The reaction of 2-lithiopyridine and the appropriate diarylketone followed by hydrolysis yields pyCAr2OH pyridine−alcohols (1a, Ar = 4-tBu−C6H4; 1b, pyCAr2OH = 2-pyridyl-9-fluorenol; 1c, Ar = 3-CF3...
Bacterial transport and colonization in low nutrient environments

Abstract Crucial and potentially rate limiting events in biofilm formation are the transport of microorganisms to the solid-water interface and the subsequent attachment onto a substratum. If these attached cells find suitable environmental conditions they will replicate, grow and form a biofilm. Experiments with different surfaces—stainless steel, glass, and polycarbonate—and two Pseudomonas species were conducted and parameters describing attachment, growth, and transport were measured in situ and in real time using image analysis techniques. The phenomenon of cellular starvation was investigated with special attention to the effect on the attachment characteristics of the two tested Pseudomonas species. Experiments were conducted with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens as a Mot+ and a Mot− strain. As a result of superior transport properties, flagellated cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens colonized a substratum at a higher rate than unflagellated cells. Nutrient conditions in the bulk water influenced the growth of suspended and attached organisms, as well as the cellular transport to the solid-water interface and the rate of attachment onto the substratum. Starved cells of P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens exhibited increased cell motility by size reduction. Cellular transport was demonstrated to be a crucial process in microbial colonization, and may be limiting the overall rate of surface colonization. The phenomenon was demonstrated for a motile and nonmotile mutant of the same strain. Hence, diffusive, advective, and hydrodynamic properties of a specific system cannot be neglected if we try to understand and simulate microbial colonization.
Derivation of ambient water quality criteria for formaldehyde

Abstract This paper describes the derivation of aquatic life water quality criteria for formaldehyde, developed in accordance with United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses . The initial step in deriving water quality criteria was to conduct an extensive literature search to assemble available acute and chronic toxicity data for formaldehyde. The literature search identified a large amount of information on acute toxicity of formaldehyde to fish and aquatic invertebrates. These acute data were evaluated with respect to data quality, and poor quality or uncertain data were excluded from the data base. The resulting data base met the USEPA requirements for criteria derivation by having data for at least one species in at least eight different taxonomic families. One shortcoming of the literature-derived data base, however, was that few studies involved analytical confirmation of nominal formaldehyde concentrations and reported toxicity endpoints. Also, there were relatively few data on chronic toxicity. The acute toxicity data set consisted of data for 12 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, and 11 species of invertebrates. These data were sufficient, according to USEPA guidelines, to calculate a final acute value (FAV) of 9.15 mg/l, and an acute aquatic life water quality criterion (one-half the FAV) of 4.58 mg/l. A final acute–chronic ratio (ACR) was calculated using available chronic toxicity data and USEPA-recommended conservative default assumptions to account for missing data. Using the FAV and the final ACR (5.69), the final chronic aquatic life water quality criterion was determined to be 1.61 mg/l.
Proglycogen : a low-molecular-weight form of muscle glycogen

We recently reported that muscle contains a trichloroacetic acid-precipitable component having Mr approx. 400 kDa that can be glucosylated by an endogenous enzyme acting on UDPglucose. This component contains within itself the autocatalytic, self-glucosylating protein glycogenin, the primer for glycogen synthesis. We now report that this substance, to which we give the name proglycogen, is a glycogen-like molecule constituting about 15% of total glycogen. It acts as a very efficient acceptor of glucose residues added from UDPglucose. Further, that the endogenous enzyme that adds the glucose to proglycogen is not the autocatalytic protein but a glycogen synthase-like enzyme. Proglycogen may be an intermediate in the synthesis and degradation of macromolecular glycogen and may exist and be metabolized as a separate entity. Consideration should now be given to the revival of the concept that tissue contains two forms of glycogen. One is proglycogen. The other is the 'classical', macromolecular glycogen. Additionally, proglycogen and glycogen may be glucosylated by different forms of synthase.
On Latent Trait Estimation in Multidimensional Compensatory Item Response Models

Making inferences from IRT-based test scores requires accurate and reliable methods of person parameter estimation. Given an already calibrated set of item parameters, the latent trait could be estimated either via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) or using Bayesian methods such as maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation or expected a posteriori (EAP) estimation. In addition, Warm’s (Psychometrika 54:427–450, 1989) weighted likelihood estimation method was proposed to reduce the bias of the latent trait estimate in unidimensional models. In this paper, we extend the weighted MLE method to multidimensional models. This new method, denoted as multivariate weighted MLE (MWLE), is proposed to reduce the bias of the MLE even for short tests. MWLE is compared to alternative estimators (i.e., MLE, MAP and EAP) and shown, both analytically and through simulations studies, to be more accurate in terms of bias than MLE while maintaining a similar variance. In contrast, Bayesian estimators (i.e., MAP and EAP) result in biased estimates with smaller variability.
Scanning electron microscopy of Haller's organ in immature stages of Dermacentor variabilis(Say) and Ornithodoros tartakovskyi olenev (acari: ixodida)

Abstract Haller's organ, a chemoreceptor and hygrosensor located dorsally on tarsi l of the Ixodida was viewed in immature stages of Dermacentor variabilis (say) and Ornithodoros tartakovskyi Olenev by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Larval and nymphal specimens of D. variabilis (Figs. 1, 2) exhibited characteristics differences in overall shape of organ, shape of posterior capsule aperture, shape of anterior trough, number and arrangement of trough sensillae, and shape of the distal transverse wall of the anterior trough. Differences between larvae and late instar nymphs of O. tartakovskyi (Figs. 3, 4) were primarily in trough shape and numbers of sensillae present. Subsurface articulations within the posterior capsule of both Dermacentor ticks were obscured due to the emarginate apertures (Fig. 2). The open apertures found in both stages of Ornithodoros allowed the viewing of numerous digitate processes within the capsule (Fig. 4). A nodiform sensillum (Figs. 3, 4), medially located within the proximal cluster of trough sensillae in O. tartakovskyi , had no similar counterpart in D. variabilis .
Limitations of Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay for HB Ag in Reducing Frequency of Post-Transfusion Hepatitis

Abstract To determine if a recently licensed radioimmunoassay (Ausria-125) would further reduce the incidence of type B hepatitis, 139 presumably susceptible recipients were prospectively studied after they had received blood negative for hepatitis B antigen by counterelectrophoresis. Fifteen cases of icteric or anicteric hepatitis occurred, but only four could be attributed to hepatitis B. No hepatitis B occurred in nine subjects who received radioimmunoassay-positive blood alone, and only one in 10 who had received radioimmunoassay-positive and hepatitis-B-antigen-positive blood. Type B hepatitis developed in three of 120 patients who received radioimmunoassay-negative blood, If serologic responses only are compared, exposure to hepatitis B or hepatitis B antigen occurred in six of 19 recipients (31.6 per cent) of radioimmunoassay-positive blood. Only eight of 120 (6.7 per cent) responded among the recipients of radioimmunoassay-negative blood. These findings do not support proposals for universal compu...
A monolithic multi-finger nanodiamond lateral vacuum microtriode

This article reports a vacuum multi-finger monolithic microtriode utilizing nanodiamond as the emitting material. The structure is comprised of 140-fingerlike nanodiamond emitters with built-in nanodiamond gate and Si anode. A mixed lithography patterning approach is used to fabricate the three-terminal device structure. Triode characteristics, demonstrating gate controlled emission current modulation at low operating gate and anode voltages, are obtained. The realization of the efficient monolithic microtriode allows further development of robust vacuum integrated circuit for application in high temperature and radiation harsh environments.
Behavioral test of tolerance for aversive mechanical stimuli in sympathectomized cats.

Abstract Cats were studied behaviorally to determine their suitability as an animal model for the post-sympathectomy hyperalgesia reported to occur in humans. For this study a device and methodology were developed which allow humane testing of tolerance for intense mechanical stimulation of the hindlegs. Behavioral tolerance was measured quantitatively before and after unilateral sympathectomy. The results from this preliminary study of 6 cats are remarkably similar to those reported for humans; 1 of the 6 cats showed a decreased tolerance on the sympathectomized side which was delayed in onset and of limited duration. The new methodology appears to provide relatively stable, quantitative measures of tolerance for aversive stimulation and the cat shows promise as an animal model for post-sympathectomy hyperalgesia.
Sulfur-promoted degradation of polyethylene/polypropylene detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy

In situ electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is employed to investigate the thermal and catalytic degradation of a sample of commingled plastics (CP) containing about 95% polyethylene and 5% polypropylene. The materials tested include elemental sulfur (S), NiMo/Al2O3, and zeolite HZSM-5 for temperatures between ambient and 450 °C and pressures up to 500 psig of H2. The depolymerization temperature Td of CP, where an ESR signal is first observed, is about 360 °C thermally. With 1 wt % loading of CP with S, Td is reduced to about 250 °C. With 10 wt % S plus 10 wt % NiMo/Al2O3, Td is further reduced to about 230 °C and the free radical intensity N is reduced considerably compared to the CP + S case. HZSM-5 does not affect the Td of CP, but N is reduced considerably and with increase in temperature, N decreases, similar to the NiMo/Al2O3 case. These results, along with the observed increase in the ESR line width for the HZSM-5 and NiMo/Al2O3 cases, suggest capping of the free radicals by hydrogenation. ...
Update on lymphatic filarial infections

Filarial infections remain significant causes of disability in tropical areas worldwide. However, insights into the developmental and molecular biology of the parasite and the immunobiology of the host response to infection have advanced our understanding, even as progress is being made towards implementing eradication programs. This article summarizes some of the recent advances in the understanding of filarial biology and parasite immune evasion mechanisms, and reviews those newer aspects of diagnosis and treatment most relevant to clinicians.
Interpretations of child compliance in individuals at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse

OBJECTIVE: Our studies compared individuals at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse on measures of social information processing. METHOD: Two studies were conducted using similar methods. Twenty-eight childless women in Study 1 and 36 mothers in Study 2 read vignettes of parent-child interactions in which the child's level of compliance was difficult to interpret. Participants were asked a series of questions about the child's behavior and their own reactions. RESULTS: Accuracy and bias in identifying compliant behavior were assessed using a signal detection paradigm. In both samples, high- and low-risk participants did not differ in their overall accuracy in identifying children's behaviors. However, they used different evaluation standards such that high-risk participants were biased toward seeing more noncompliance and low-risk participants were biased toward seeing more compliance. High- and low-risk participants also made different types of errors in interpreting children's behavior. Low-risk participants were more likely to misinterpret noncompliant behavior as compliant, and there was a trend for high-risk participants to not perceive compliant behavior when it occurred. There were no differences in reported disciplinary responses in either study and the results for affective reactions were mixed. CONCLUSIONS: Specific differences in social information processing between high- and low-risk individuals replicated across samples, suggesting a reliable association between evaluation standards and risk of child physical abuse. However, the absence of differences in reported discipline and inconsistent findings on affective reactions indicate the need to identify the mechanism through which cognition influences parenting behavior. Language: en
Suppression of pentylenetetrazole seizures by oral administration of a dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist.

Summary: We previously demonstrated that the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, is an effective anticonvulsant in experimental seizures when administered parentally. Reported now are the results for the oral administration of nimodipine in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in the rabbit. Twenty rabbits were randomly assigned into 10 controls and 10 treated with nimodipine 5 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days. All animals received increasing doses of the convulsant PTZ intravenously (i.v). The epileptogenecity of this agent was assessed in all animals (mg/kg) by four electrocorti-cographic criteria: first seizure >5 s, two seizures within 5 min, epileptiform activity for 1 h, and status epilepticus. In all four categories, nimodipine increased the seizure threshold by 50–60%. The dose of PTZ required to produce the first seizure was 27.0 ± 5.4 mg/kg in controls and 49.6 ± 9.9 mg/kg in treated animals (p < 0.001). Similar values were obtained for the other three electrocorti-cographic categories. There were no observable adverse side effects. The results confirm our previous findings that calcium influx is critical for seizure induction, and that selective central nervous system (CNS) calcium channel blockers may emerge as a new class of anticonvulsants. RESUME Nous avons anterieurement demontre que la nimodipine, blo-queur du canal calcique dihydropyridinique, est un anticonvulsi-vant efficace apres administration parenteral. Nous rapportons ici les resultats de l'administration orale de nimopidine dans les crises induites par le pentylenetetrazole chez le lapin. 20 lapin ont ete repartis au hasard en 2 groupes de 10 temoins et 10 ani-maux traites par nimopidine per os, 5 mg/kg/j pendant 5 jours. Chaque animal a recu des doses croissantes de pentylenetetrazole IV. L'efficacite epileptogenique de ce produit a ete testee pour chaque animal (mg/kg) par 4 criteres electrocorticogra-phiques premiere crise superieure a 5 secondes, survenue de 2 crises en 5 minutes, activite paroxystique pendant une heure, survenue d'un etat de mal epileptique. Dans les quatre categories, la nimopidine a eleve le seuil convulsivant de 50 a 60%. La dose de pentylenetetrazole necessaire a l'obtention de la premiere crise a ete de 27,0 ± 5,4 mg/kg chez les temoins contre 49,6 ± 9,9 mg/kg chez les animaux traites (p < 0.001). Des va-leurs similaires ont ete observees pour les autres categories electrocorticographiques. II n'y a pas eu d'effet collateral indesirable observable. Ces resultats confirment nos constatations anterieures, selon lesquelles l'influx de calcium est primordial dans l'induction des crises, et les bloqueurs selectifs des canaux calciques dans le systeme nerveux central se profilent comme une nouvelle classe d'anticonvulsivants.
At the end, remodeling leads to eviction.

The induction and repair of chromosome breaks is associated with myriad changes in chromatin. A recent study shows that chromatin remodeling that results in histone eviction at the break site requires the Mre11 complex and INO80 and that these events are important for efficient loading of the Rad51 recombinase.
INSTRUMENTAL-AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING VERSUS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN ELECTRODERMAL AUDIOMETRY.

Instrumental-avoidance conditioning and classical conditioning as utilized in electrodermal audiometry were compared within a group of 18 normal hearing subjects, a second group of 18 subjects with...
Numerical solution to the solidification of aluminium in the presence of various fibres

In an attempt to understand the experimentally observed solidification microstructures in metal matrix composites, the influence of SiC, graphite and alumina fibres on the solidification of aluminium has been studied numerically. Irregular geometries of the composite material were mapped into simple rectangles through numerical conformal mapping techniques to analyse the influence of a single fibre or a row of fibres on a unidirectionally advancing planar solid-liquid interface. The fibres were assumed to be circular in cross-section and the direction of the interface movement was perpendicular to the length of the fibres. The study showed that for fibres with lower thermal conductivity than aluminium, the interface first goes through acceleration as it approaches and ascends the fibre and then deceleration as it descends the fibre. The acceleration and deceleration phenomena of the interface increases as the thermal conductivity ratio of fibre to liquid aluminium decreases. With low thermal conductivity ratios (K f/K L≪1), the interface is orthogonal to the fibre surface. When the conductivity of the fibre is lower than that of the melt, the interface becomes convex facing the fibre; this mode would lead to pushing of the fibre ahead if it was free to move, as has been experimentally observed in cast microstructures of metal matrix composites. The temperature versus solidification time plots of two points, one in the fibre and the other in aluminium, show that the fibre with a conductivity lower than the matrix is at a temperature higher than the melt; the temperature difference between the two points increases with increasing solidification rate for all the positions of the interface before it touches the fibre. The three-fibre study shows that as the number of fibres increases, the curvature of the interface increases upon approaching the subsequent fibres. The relationship between these numerical computations and experimental observations has been discussed.
Jack Block, the Big Five, and Personality From the Standpoints of Actor, Agent, and Author

Jack Block died before his target article could be published. Submitted to Psychological Inquiry by his son while Jack was in the hospital, the paper shows many of the earmarks of Jack Block's long...
The disembodied eye: Consequences of displacing perception from action

In our research, people use actions to expose hidden targets as planar images displayed either in situ or ex situ (displaced remotely). We show that because ex situ viewing impedes relating actions to their perceptual consequences, it impairs localizing targets, including compensating for surface deformation, and directing movement toward them. Using a 3D analogue of anorthoscopic perception, we demonstrate that spatio-temporal integration of contiguous planar slices is possible when action and perception are co-located, but not when they are separated. Ex situ viewing precludes the formation of a spatial frame of reference that supports complex visualization from action.
Laterally Linked Liquid Crystal Dimers with Electrooptic Properties

Unusual electric field induced phase transitions have been demonstrated in laterally linked smectic C liquid crystals that possess two chiral carbons. The materials have a rich polymorphism including an apparent antiferroelectric phase which occurs at temperatures immediately below the smectic A to C transition. Another tristable phase has been observed closer to the smectic C to crystal transition. The temperature-dependent electrooptic response and spontaneous polarization measurements for the title compounds are compared with those of monomeric liquid crystals of similar structure. The synthesis and characterization of these compounds are also presented in detail.
Shocks burden and increased mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks are associated with an increased risk of death. It is unclear whether ICD shocks are detrimental per se or a marker of higher risk patients. Objective We aimed to assess the association between ICD shocks and time to death after correction for baseline mortality based on the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM). Methods The primary analysis compared time-to-death between patients receiving no shocks and patients receiving shocks of any type adjusted for SHFM score at time of implantation and other comorbidities. Subgroup analyses were performed to further describe the relationship between shocks and mortality risk. Results Over a median follow-up of 41 months (interquartile range 23–64), one or more shock episodes occurred in 59% of 425 patients and 40% of the patients died. Patients receiving shocks of any type had increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1.55; 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.23; P = .02) versus patients receiving no shocks. While patients with 1–5 days with shock (shock days) did not show evidence of increased risk of death (1.30 [0.88–1.94]; P = 0.19), those with 6–10 shock days (2.22 [1.21–4.08]; P 10 shock days (3.66 [1.86–7.19]; P P = .41) in patients treated only with antitachycardia pacing (ATP). Conclusion ICD shocks were associated with increased mortality risk after adjustment for SHFM-predicted mortality, and the burden of shocks played a role in this association. ATP did not increase mortality risk, suggesting that shocks may themselves be detrimental.
CHILDREN'S PERCEPTIONS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS RELATED TO SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Few studies have examined psychosocial issues from the perspective of children who have sickle cell disease. In the present study psychosocial issues of self-esteem, social and family relationships, anxiety, depression, anger, denial, and knowledge were examined using a researcher-developed survey and 12 children with sickle cell disease as informants.
Weighing the universal service obligation: Introducing rural well-being as a consideration in the viability of the United States Postal Service

Due to the rise in web-based communication, such as e-mail and declining surface mail volume over the past decade, the United States Postal Service (USPS) has been forced to reconsider its universal service obligation (USO). The USO ensures that all American citizens, regardless of geographic location, receive postal service six days a week. Considerations of postal service reductions have largely been couched in analyses that examine the financial efficiency from a public service provision perspective, like maximizing postal delivery while reducing cost. However, little consideration has been given to the impact of postal service cutbacks, reductions in delivery dates, limitations on routes, and post office closures, on the well-being of rural citizens. Since most postal service reductions are occurring, or will occur, in rural areas, rural citizens are likely to be most profoundly affected by the diminution of the USPS. The USPS is an iconic institution with historical and social importance in many rura...
Nitrogen and Foliar Fungicide Effects on Winter Wheats

In the eastern region of the Great Plains, yield and seed quality of wheat could potentially be increased by applying additional N and foliar fungicide. Field studies were conducted at two locations in southeastern Kansas from 1987 through 1990 on a Parsons silt loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Mollic Albaqualf) to evaluate responsiveness of selected cultivars of hard and soft winter wheat to conventional N (75 Ib N/acre, fall-applied) and high N (75 Ib N/acre, fall-applied followed by 50 Ib N/acre topdressed in late winter) fertilizer applications, with and without foliar fungicide (propiconazole - 1[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl] methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole). Nitrogen level and foliar fungicide responses varied significantly among cultivars, locations, and years []
Search for Plutonium-244 Tracks in Mountain Pass Bastnaesite

WE have found that bastnaesite, a rare earth fluorocarbonate, from the Precambrian Mountain Pass deposit has an apparent Cretaceous fission track age, and hence does not reveal any anomalous fission tracks due to 244Pu.
Predictors of condom‐related behaviors among first‐year college students

Among a self‐selected group of 330 first‐year college students we assessed frequency of condom use, reasons for using condoms, and attitudes toward condoms, sexuality, and the double standard. A packet including demographic and sexual history items, along with three attitude measures, was distributed to a random sample of first‐year students. The majority (86.4%) of respondents had engaged in sexual intercourse, and 34.2% of those subjects reported two or more new sexual partners since arriving at college. Although 80.3% of those who had engaged in sexual intercourse since arriving at college reported using a condom, only 20.7% of students who had ever engaged in sexual intercourse reported using a condom every time. Logistic analyses were used to investigate the relationship between condom‐related behaviors and attitudes toward condoms, sexuality, and the double standard. These findings suggest that if condom use is to become a major element in the fight against AIDS, as well as in the prevention of othe...
Adult living donor liver transplantation: who is the ideal donor and recipient?

Efforts to increase the number of deceased donors (DD) for liver transplantation have been unsuccessful to meet the demands for end stage liver disease (ESLD). Living donors represent a large pool of organs and seem to be the only immediately available alternative. However, there is a significant cost to drawing from this pool, and it is not measured monetarily but rather in lives and morbidities. Living donor surgery is the only major surgery performed on an individual for whom it is not medically indicated. The risk for the donor is balanced by the great benefit to the recipient, as well as the donor’s psychological benefit. However, every effort must be taken to minimize morbidities, making this procedure the most challenging in the field of surgery. Selection of the ideal donor for adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is guided by two key principals: (1) donor safety with unavoidable minimal but never acceptable morbidity and no mortality, and (2) identifying the optimal partial liver allograft with resultant graft and recipient survival at least equivalent to that of DD liver transplantation. Because of these reasons, frequently not more than one-third of potential donors are accepted as candidates for this procedure [1,2]. The evaluation of a potential donor is a complex and expensive process costing about $5500/donor [2]. The costs of evaluation of potential donors who are
EFFICACIES OF THREE SANITIZERS UNDER SIX CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION TO SURFACES OF BEEF

Efficacies and optimum application conditions of three sanitizers (chlorine, 200–250 ppm; acetic acid, 4.0%; and quaternary ammonium, 3.78 g/liter) were determined. Variables were three rates of flow of sanitizer (1.7, 3.4 and 6.8 liters/min), washed and unwashed meat, warm (38°C) and cold meat (3.3°C), and two pressures of sanitizer application (3.5 and 14.0 kg/cm2). Results were averaged over other variables providing the following data for individual variables. Acetic acid gave a high initial average decrease in counts (−1.47 log), and counts decreased (−1.79 log) up to 48 hr after sanitization. Chlorinated solution caused an initial mean difference of −0.31 log and a difference after 48 hr of 0.53. The quaternary ammonium compound produced differences of −0.79 and −0.03 log in immediate and 48-hr counts. Acetic acid and hypochlorite were nonselective, but the quaternary sanitizer allowed more oxidase positive, nonfermentative bacteria to survive.
Simmel's Legacy for Contemporary Value Theory: A Critical Assessment*:

In this essay I critically assess Georg Simmel's legacy for contemporary value theory and provide the rudiments of an alternative approach. My central thesis is that Simmel fails to satisfactorily conceptualize the nature and origin of value because of his devotion to an asocial, Cartesian–Kantian conception of mind, human freedom, and agency. In contrast, I incorporate recent data from neuroscience, social self theory, developmental psychology, and elements of Marx's theory of the commodity form to provide the terms of a postmetaphysical, intersubjective alternative.
Iron-efficient and iron-inefficient oats and corn respond differently to iron-deficiency stress

Iron-efficient (WF9 corn and Coker 227 oat) and Fe-inefficient (ys1 corn and TAM 0–312 oat) cultivars were comparatively tested for their response to Fe-deficiency stress induced by the use of either ferrous or ferric chelators. Corn and oats were grown in 20 μM Fe with 0, 60, and 120 μM BPDS and 40 μM Fe with 0, 120, and 240 μM BPDS and 20 μM Fe with 0 and 40 μM EDDHA. All four cultivars tested, both Fe-efficient and Fe-inefficient, continuously reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+ at a low level as evidenced by the production of Fe2+(BPDS)3 in test nutrient solutions over time. Severity of chlorosis increased as more BPDS was added to the nutrient solutions for both WF9 and ys1 corn, but unlike corn, Coker 227 and TAM 0–312 oats were both able to obtain Fe from the Fe2+(BPDS)3 complex and were less chlorotic as a result. In short-term (4-hour) in vivo measurements, iron-stressed WF9 (Fe-efficient) corn reduced more Fe3+ to Fe2+ than similarly stressed ys1 corn, Coker 227 oat or TAM 0–312 oat. Thus, at the same time that Fe-efficient WF9 corn reduces more Fe than the other cultivars, it is also unable to compete with BPDS for that Fe in the nutrient solution. These differences coupled with the observation that only Coker 227 oat produced measureable iron solubilizing substances (phytosiderophores) suggest that these two species differ in their mechanisms for obtaining Fe during Fe-deficiency stress.
A multiple models approach to assessing recidivism risk: implications for judicial decision making

This study used a large recidivism data set to develop and validate a multiple models tool for predicting recidivism risk. Consistent with prior research, the authors found that the multiple models tool was more accurate than tools built using the traditional single-model approach. In addition, they demonstrated that the predicted recidivism rates produced by the multiple models tool could be summarized in a usable format consisting of four to five statistically distinct risk classes offering an impressive degree of base-rate dispersion. Given that public protection ranks as a primary focal concern of judges, the authors believe that their results justify renewed attention to the potential uses of actuarial tools within the context of judicial decision making.
Effect of iron diagenesis on the transport of colloidal clay in an unconfined sand aquifer

Abstract The role of Fe diagenesis in the transport of clay colloids was investigated in the Cohansey Sand, an Fe(III) oxide-coated quartz arenite that covers most of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. Based on our past work, we hypothesized that clay had been transported into the sediments, that the clay distribution was controlled by attachment to surface Fe(III) oxides and that anoxic water infiltrating from a swamp had dissolved Fe(III) oxides and released clay colloids into flowing groundwater. Sediment cores were collected from upland and swamp terrains and the composition and distribution of the clay-sized and heavy mineral fractions were examined by X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, separations and elemental analyses. Throughout the upland core and below 6.1 m in the swamp core, oxidized soil and sediment layers contained goethite and > 15 μmol g − surface Fe (extractable by Ti(III) reduction), but the swamp-reduced soils and sediments lacked goethite and contained − surface Fe. The clay-sized content of the oxidized sediments was roughly double that of the reduced sediments. Electron microscopy revealed that coatings on the quartz grains had the appearance of infiltrated clay particles. The relationship between clay and surface Fe content indicated that the onset of reducing conditions below the swamp remobilized clay colloids by dissolving Fe(III) oxide cement. Surface Fe(III) oxides were derived from weathering of ilmenite and pseudorutile, Fe-Ti oxides found in the heavy mineral fraction. In the oxidized sediments, Fe was transported from the Fe-Ti oxide grains to quartz surfaces, where it was deposited as surface Fe(III) oxides mixed with kaolinite. Thus, the weathering of Fe-bearing minerals and the formation and dissolution of secondary Fe(III) oxides influenced the mobility of colloidal clay in the Cohansey Sand.
Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment in breast cancer: analysis of daily practice in large cancer center to facilitate decision making.

Abstract Background To examine outcomes of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in daily practice to inform decision making. Methods We retrospectively selected 204 patients who received neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with T2 (≥30 mm) or T3 tumors, examining subsequent breast-sparing surgery and long-term outcomes. Results Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy was administered for 7.3 months (median) and breast-sparing surgery was achievable in 53% of patients. Smaller initial tumor size and modified version of the Scarff–Bloom and Richardson grades 1 to 2 were associated with breast-sparing surgery. Disease progression during treatment was 6.9%; actuarial risk of local relapse was 3% at 5 years and 15% at 10 years. Five- and 10-year metastasis relapse-free survival was 78% and 63%, respectively. Grade 3, negative progesterone receptors, and absence or slow response to neoadjuvant therapy were associated prognostic factors. Conclusion These daily practice data provide important information about feasibility, efficacy, and long-term results of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and can be used to inform patients for decision making between mastectomy and endocrine induction therapy.
Anomalous baryon number nonconservation in pp collisions at 40 TeV

Abstract We construct the coherent quantum state corresponding to a saddle-point solution of the standard electroweak theory (the “sphaleron”), as obtained by Klinkhamer and Manton. The matrix element connecting this state to a q q state is then shown to depend crucially on a dimensionless strength gnAn of the sum of tree amplitudes for q q →n W , n≃55. For A 55 ⩾ 70! ., one may optimistically hope to see of the order of 10–100 baryon-number violatingevents a year at SSC at design luminosities.
Kinetics of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children

Peritoneal dialysis was performed in 7 uremic children (4 months to 18 years). Rates of diffusion of Na, K, Cl, PO4, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were similar to adult diffusion curves. With the exception of uric acid diffusion, no age related differences were found. Peritoneal urea and creatinine clearnces paralleled the rate of exchage of dialysis fluid. Actual urea clearance values were within the range of clearance values obtained in adults dialysed at similar rates. Data to compare creatinine clearances in adults to children is not avialble over the range of dialysis volumes utilized in their studies. Estimation of urea production based on the average daily rise in BUN revealed similar production rates per kg body weight in all ages. These studies demonstrate no intrinsic age-related differences in the kinetics of peritoneal dialysis. Thus, there is no necessity to correct peritoneal clearances to cither 70 kg body weight or 1.73 M2, in order to compare children to adults. The greater ‘efficiency’ of peritoneal dialysis in children can be ascribed to a smaller body pool size in children relative to adults. Therefore, at a give clearance rate, the amount of material in the pool diminishes at a faster rate in children than in adults. Moreover, since peritoneal clearance increases as the rate of dialysis increases, no single clearance value for a given individual exists but rather a family of values related to the rate of dialysis. (Supported in part by NIH grants RR-5624. HD-2870 and FR-75.)
25 Effects of mass transfer on Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in slurry reactors

The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to aliphatic paraffins and alpha-olefins (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) is of particular interest as a route for conversion of carbonaceous sources to liquid hydrocarbons in that any source of carbon may be used. A slurry-bed reactor for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis offers several advantages over alternative modes of operation. In particular, it eliminates hot spot formation that plagues fixed-bed operation and catalyst agglomeration from heavy wax condensation that troubles fluid-bed reactors. The rate and selectivity of the liquid-phase reaction may, however, be markedly affected by mass-transfer limitations, the most important of which appears to be transport of the synthesis gas from gas bubbles to the liquid. The previously published studies of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a slurry reactor have been examined and, where possible, were analyzed to determine the extent to which they were affected by mass transfer.
A generalization of the Vidav-Jorgens perturbation theorem for semigroups and its application to transport theory

On considere des semigroupes T t engendres par l'operateur de transport A+K comme une perturbation du semi-groupe S t engendre par A seul. On montre que pour un n tous les produits de la forme KS td 1K…KS tnd K, t i ≥0 sont strictement singuliers alors S t et T t ont le meme rayon spectral essentiel
Recovery Times of Vaccum Interrupters Which have Stationary Anode Spots

With rectangular power current waves recovery times of a vacuum interrupter with copper-based button contacts were measured. They were found to increase from 7 , ?at 250 A to 630 ?s at 12 kAp, where a stationary anode spot had formed. With a stationary anode spot present recovery time was also approximately proportional to current pulse duration. An attempt was made to explain the long recovery times by evaporation from the highly heated anode after the current had ceased. In addition, some high-speed photographic observations were made on the formation of stationary anode spots.
DIVERSITY IN URBAN LABOR MARKETS AND AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES

A modern economy is characterized by diverse mid specialized urban labor markets. In this paper, agglomeration economics are explained by labor specialization in these markets. With increasing returns to scale and with heterogeneous labor and technology. I show that average productivity increases with the size of the market because of better matches between workers and firms. Thus, the net wage increases as the size of the market increases.
Retrospective Evaluation of Inpatient Celecoxib Use After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Abstract A retrospective cohort study (1.5 years) was performed to investigate the efficacy of celecoxib vs non–celecoxib use in patient who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study time frame encompassed a pre and post period of a local policy decision opening access to short-term celecoxib use after TKA/THA. Primary end point was the amount of opioid use during their inpatient stay postprocedure. The TKA (n = 81) and THA (n = 60) groups were analyzed independently. Both celecoxib groups used significantly less opioids during their inpatient stay vs noncelecoxib groups, given in oral morphine milligram equivalents (TKA: 203 vs 337 mg, P = .002; THA: 214 vs 336 mg, P = .005). Other secondary outcome measures showed that the celecoxib groups also reported reduction in pain scores, total as needed (PRN) opioid doses, PRN opioid doses per day, average dose of PRN opioids, total PRN opioids, use of intravenous opioids, and rehabilitation facility admissions (in the TKA group only). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant inverse relationship between opioid consumption and age. Short-term celecoxib use after TKA/THA may lead to a reduction in overall opioid use and improved pain scores; however, further studies will be required to validate the results of this study.
Wide-bandwidth continuous-wave monostatic/bistatic synthetic aperture radar imaging

Monostatic and bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging systems with wide-bandwidth continuous-wave (WB-CW) sources have been utilized for military reconnaissance. The WB-CW sources are less susceptible than FM-CW sources to electronic counter measures (ECM). The main shortcoming of the WB-CW microwave illumination is that its resultant SAR echoed signal is not composed of distinct Doppler spreadings around specific tones; this creates difficulties to formulate the image formation in the WB-CW SAR systems via the conventional pulse or FM-CW SAR imaging algorithms. The paper outlines a time domain correlation (TDC) processing method and a Fourier-based processing method for image formation in WB-CW monostatic and bistatic SAR systems. Results are provided.
Serial Testing from a 3-Day Collection Period by Use of the Bartonella Alphaproteobacteria Growth Medium Platform May Enhance the Sensitivity of Bartonella Species Detection in Bacteremic Human Patients

Patients with infection from bacteremic Bartonella spp., tested using Bartonella Alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM), were retrospectively categorized into one of two groups that included those whose blood was collected once (group 1; n = 55) or three times (group 2; n = 36) within a 1-week period. Overall, 19 patients (20.8%) were PCR positive for one or more Bartonella spp. using the BAPGM platform. Seven patients (12.7%) in group 1 tested positive, and 12 patients (33.3%) in group 2 tested positive. Detection was improved when the patients were tested three times within a 1-week period (odds ratio, 3.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 9.8]; P = 0.02). Obtaining three sequential blood samples during a 1-week period should be considered a diagnostic approach when bartonellosis is suspected.
Random access with large propagation delay

Random access to a packet broadcast channel with large propagation delay is investigated. A protocol is presented that combines slotted ALOHA random access with the use of forward-error-correction (FEC) across transmitted packets. Expressions for the throughput, delay, and drift of this protocol are derived. Numerical studies and asymptotic analyses of the drift indicate that the protocol has a maximum throughput of e/sup -1/ and exhibits bistability and saturation behavior similar to that of slotted ALOHA with immediate feedback. However, unlike ALOHA, bistability and saturation in the code protocol can be eliminated with the proper choice of protocol parameters without increasing the packet delay. It is further shown that, when compared to slotted ALOHA, the code protocol typically achieves a higher throughput and lower delay at system equilibrium with no loss in maximum throughput.
Two-terminal devices as fundamental solid state terahertz oscillators

The state-of-the-art radio frequency (RF) power levels at millimeter- and submillimeter-wave frequencies as well as the low-noise properties make GaAs tunnel injection transit- time (TUNNETT) diodes and InP Gunn devices prime candidates for fundamental solid-state terahertz oscillators. As examples, RF power levels of 80 mW at 152 GHz, and > 1 mW at 315 GHz were measured with InP Gunn devices, whereas RF power levels of 100 mW at 107 GHz and > 10 mW at 202 GHz were measured with GaAs TUNNETT diodes. These experimental results as well as performance predictions for these devices at terahertz frequencies are reviewed and compared with the potential and the capabilities of other two-terminal devices such as impact avalanche transit-time diodes and resonant-tunneling diodes. The paper also summarizes advances in fabrication technologies as well as the application of more recent device principles and power-combining schemes.
Cyclic job shop scheduling using reservation tables

The use of the reservation table technique to create optimal cyclic schedules is explored. A detailed discussion and analyses are presented of the properties that determine the theoretical maximum initiation rate, the set of all possible initiation strategies, efficient strategies that yield the maximum realizable performance, and the methods for adding delay to a reservation table so that its maximum realizable rate achieves the theoretical maximum rate. These methods inherently allow multiple devices to be reserved concurrently. They can deal with transport time explicitly. They achieve higher initiation rates by including cycles that involve multiple job initiations. The optimizations are fully valid, not heuristic. These scheduling algorithms can be coupled with the planning environment reported by J.K. Chaar and R.A. Volz (1989). The integrated planning/scheduling framework forms a major component of a software engineering environment that the authors are currently developing. >
Identification and characterization of β-lactamase inhibitor protein-II (BLIP-II) interactions with β-lactamases using phage display

Protein-protein interactions are critical to cellular processes yet the ability to predict and rationally design interactions is limited because of incomplete knowledge of the principles governing these interactions. The beta-lactamase inhibitory protein (BLIP)/beta-lactamase interaction has become a model system to investigate protein-protein interactions and has been the focus of several structural, thermodynamic and binding specificity studies. BLIP-II also inhibits beta-lactamase but has no sequence homology with BLIP. The structure of BLIP-II in complex with TEM-1 beta-lactamase revealed that BLIP-II has a completely different structure than BLIP but it interacts with the same protruding loop-helix region of TEM-1 as does BLIP. The significance of the individual interacting residues in molecular recognition by BLIP-II is currently unknown. Therefore, a phage display vector was developed with the purpose of expressing BLIP-II onto the surface of the M13 filamentous bacteriophage. The BLIP-II displayed phage bound to TEM-1 with picomolar affinity indicating that BLIP-II is properly folded while on the surface of the phage. The phage system, as well as enzyme inhibition assays with purified proteins, revealed that BLIP-II is a more potent inhibitor than BLIP for several class A beta-lactamases with K(i) values in the low picomolar range.