cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with masculine sexual behavior in rats

Extracellular dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens (N. Acc.) were measured by in vivo microdialysis during male sexual activity. DA and DOPAC were significantly increased during copulation, but not during mild tail pinch. These results are consistent with studies showing increases in N. Acc. DA associated with positively reinforcing environmental stimuli.
Modeling spatial price transmission in the grain markets of Ethiopia with an application of ARDL approach to white teff

Following the agricultural market liberalization policy, there is an emerging grain market structure in Ethiopia in which the central wholesale market exhibits concentration of power and spatial integration with the local markets. Due to this, it is hypothesized that the central wholesale market influences the long-run price movements in the local markets. The relationship can be modeled as spatial price equilibrium with the aim to guide subsequent policy decisions with regard to public intervention in the post-liberalization period. In this study, we modeled the spatial equilibrium relationship between the producer and the wholesale prices of white teff, a major staple in Ethiopia, using the autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach to cointegration analysis. First, the existence of a nonspurious long-run relationship in levels between the producer prices in the local market and the wholesale prices in the central market is confirmed. Second, the long-run relationship and the error correction model for the producer price are estimated. The results reveal that the wholesale price of white teff in the central consumer market is a major short- and long-run determinant of the producer price in the local supply markets. Therefore, the institutional role of the government with the aim of improving producers' marketing margin and the overall performance of the grain markets in the post-liberalization period can be influenced through targeted interventions at the central wholesale market.
Genome Sequences of Strain ATCC 29281 and Pin and Northern Red Oak Isolates of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina

ABSTRACT Two bacteria identified as Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina were isolated from oak trees showing symptoms of drippy blight. Here, we present their draft genome assemblies, as well as that of the type strain of this species. To our knowledge, these are the first published genome sequences of this subspecies of Lonsdalea quercina.
Developmental physiology of cestodes — XII role of preformed informational RNA in development of Hymenolepis diminuta

Abstract 1. 1. Inhibition of protein synthesis by 15·.9 μM Actinomycin-D (AM-D) was approximately 25 per cent in 4- and 6-day old Hymenolepis diminuta. 2. 2. Inhibition increased to greather than 90 per cent in the germinative region of worms later in the growth period. 3. 3. Inhibition was always least in the terminal proglottids, thus demonstrating that much of the informational RNA required for complete proglottid maturation was synthesized prior to the differentiation of this region. 4. 4. In vitro cultivation in the presence of AM-D suppressed development to various degrees according to the length of exposure to the drug; however, complete inhibition of development was not observed. 5. 5. It is concluded that the presence of preformed m-RNA may help account for the lack of a crowding effect until worms are more than 6 days old.
ITER startup studies in the DIII-D tokamak

A plasma initiation and current ramp up scenario envisioned for ITER has been simulated in DIII-D experiments. These discharges were limited on the low field side (LFS) during the initial current ramp up, as specified for the ITER baseline startup scenario. Initial experiments produced internal inductance (li), higher than the design value for the ITER shaping coils, often leading to vertical instabilities. A modified startup with larger volume was developed to reduce li in the current ramp up. This large-bore scenario, also limiting on the LFS, produced a lower li and avoided the vertical instabilities. Feedback control of li, using the ohmic field coil power supply as the actuator, was successfully demonstrated. Such control may be useful in avoiding vertical instabilities and in providing access to sawtooth-free steady state and hybrid scenarios in ITER. Experiments at reduced inductive voltage and with electron cyclotron assist for breakdown and burnthrough have also been carried out. The Corsica equilibrium and transport code has modelled these data to provide validation of transport models used to simulate this phase of ITER discharges in order to yield more accurate extrapolation to ITER scenarios.
Defending Equality of Opportunity

The theory of equal opportunity as I have expounded it in Roemer (1993, 1996, 1998, 2002) uses a language comprising five words: objective, circumstance, type, effort, and policy. The objective is the kind of outcome or well-being or advantage for whose acquisition one wishes to equalize opportunities, in a given population. Circumstances are the set of environmental influences, beyond the individual's control, that affect his or her chances of acquiring the objective. A type is the group of indi viduals in the population with a given set of circumstances. Effort is autonomously chosen action?within the individual's control?which, if expended in greater amounts, will increase the degree to which the indi vidual acquires the objective. A policy is a social intervention that is used to influence the degree to which individuals acquire the objective. The equal-opportunity policy is (roughly speaking) the one from the set of feasible policies that will make it the case that the degree to which indi viduals acquire the objective is independent of their circumstances, and sensitive only to their effort. I propose a way of computing the equal-op portunity policy in any given situation, given the appropriate data, and a decision as to what environmental aspects should be taken to constitute circumstances. This quick summary leaves out many details, which will be focused upon in what follows. Since publishing this theory and algorithm, many have offered criti cisms, and I am grateful to The Monisfs editors for providing me the occasion to respond to some of them here.
Brand consciousness as a driving design force

This paper describes a recent interactive project which used slide projectors (instead of video projection or computer screens) to best fulfill the brand specific communication needs of an installation. It discuss why brand issues matter as well as how the design of systems, both physical systems and content there within, can address those issues.
Multiresolution texture analysis for classification of mass and normal breast tissue on digital mammograms

We are investigating the use of texture features to distinguish abnormal from normal tissue for computer-aided diagnosis algorithms. In this study, the improvement in the accuracy of classifying masses from normal breast tissue on digitized mammograms by using local texture features was evaluated. One hundred and sixty-eight mammograms were randomly selected from patient files and digitized with a laser scanner at a pixel size of 100 micrometers . Four different regions of interest (ROIs), each of 256 X 256 pixels, were selected manually from each of the digitized mammograms. One of the four ROIs contained a biopsy-proven mass and the other three contained normal parenchyma including dense, mixed dense/fatty, and fatty tissues. The mass ROIs were randomly and equally divided into a training and a test group along with corresponding normal ROIs from the same film. The wavelet transform was used to decompose the ROIs into several scales. Global multiresolution texture features were calculated from the spatial gray level dependence matrices of the low-pass wavelet coefficients up to a certain scale and then at variable distances between the pixel pairs. Texture features and their differences in suspicious object sub-region and its peripheral sub-regions of the ROIs were also calculated to form a local texture feature space. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to select effective features from the combined global-local feature space to maximize the separation of mass and normal tissue for all ROIs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the classification accuracy and its improvement using features from global and local feature spaces. Using the global multiresolution feature space alone, it was found that the texture features at large pixel distances were important for the classification task. Using local features only, the classification accuracy was comparable to that of the global features. With the combined global and local feature spaces, the average area, Az, under the ROC curve reached 0.91 and 0.90 for the training and test groups, respectively. The improvement was statistically significant. The results demonstrate that a linear discriminant classifier using the combination of global multiresolution texture features and the local texture features can effectively classify masses from normal tissue on mammograms.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiplexed Plasmonic Nanostructures for Wideband Optical Filters

We investigated coupling effects of multiplexed plasmonic resonators in each unit cell of periodic structure metamaterial. Multiplexed periodic nanostructure metamaterial films have novel optical spectral properties which are quite different from simple periodic metallic structures.
Journalists as Change Agents in Medicine and Health Care

Although the reporters failed in these cases to accuratelyexplainscientificinformation,notmedicreportsareascare-less.Responsiblereportingbyjournalistscanilluminateim-portant issues for the general public that might have oth-erwise remained obscured in the scientific arena. In somecases,investigativereportershaveexposedaspectsofmedi-cineandmedicalsciencethatpromptedlegislativeandpolicychanges in the health care system.Forexample,a
Sex differentials in morbidity and mortality in the United States.

Abstract Life expectation of females in the United States exceeds that of males, but females’ health while living appears worse. Based on self‐reports of illness, females have higher incidence rates for acute conditions, and a higher percentage of them have a chronic condition. The paper examines sex differentials in mortality and morbidity for 1958–72, using national vital statistics and Health Interview Survey data. The reversal of mortality and morbidity sex differentials in the aggregate is due in part to a distribution effect, diseases with a male excess being weighted heavily in mortality, but those with a female excess dominating morbidity. For specific conditions, sex morbidity and sex mortality differentials are usually in the same direction, the sicker sex being more likely to die. For several conditions, however, females have higher morbidity but lower mortality than males. By incorporating diagnostic data, these reversals are attributed to females’ interviewing and illness behavior, rather tha...
Distributed Beamforming Using a Scattering Network

Novel beam-forming methodology is proposedthat employs passive RF devices in order to enhance thereceived signal. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of suchbeamforming and the realization methodology for a randomlyplaced set of passive devices. Typically, a beamforming isrealized by employing an antenna array at a receiver ortransmitter. The signals from antenna elements are processedin order to eliminate negative effects of multipath fading. Incontrast, the proposed methodology employs spatiallydistributed, passive scattering devices located betweentransmitter and receiver in order to realize the beamforming.The proposed scheme assumes that these RF devices maychange their impedance to increase or reduce scattering effect.The paper demonstrates that signal strength at the receiver canbe increased by carefully selecting the devices that shouldscatter the RF signal. The theoretical limits of such scheme areanalyzed mathematically and in simulations. The paperpresents two approaches that learn the best set of scatteringnodes and utilizes it to realize the beamforming.
Closed-Form Solutions for Near-Circular Arcs with Quadratic Drag

This paper considers the restricted two-body problem in the presence of drag that varies with a power of the magnitude of the velocity. In general, the orbit equation for this problem is an integrodifferential equation. For extreme cases in which the motion is mostly tangential and the drag varies with the square of the magnitude of the velocity, a new transformation of the orbit equation results in an ordinary differential equation. For a model atmosphere in which the density varies inversely as the square of the distance from the center of attraction, we provide closed-form solutions to this differential equation. This extends previous work in which the density of the model atmosphere varies inversely with the distance from the center of attraction.
Is Bowel Preparation Required Before Cystoplasty in Children

Purpose: We evaluated whether bowel preparation is required before augmentation cystoplasty in children.Materials and Methods: A total of 46 consecutive children underwent cystoplasty using detubularized ileum between 1998 and 2004. Group 1 (24 patients) underwent standard mechanical bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate, a bowel enema (sodium phosphate) if required and clear fluids for 24 hours preoperatively. Group 2 (22 patients) received no bowel preparation and was on a normal diet preoperatively. One dose of parenteral triple antibiotics was administered at induction of anesthesia in both groups. The surgical technique was similar in both groups. Postoperatively, group 1 had a nasogastric tube in situ, while group 2 had no nasogastric tube. The main outcome measures were hospital stay (days), time to commencing fluids postoperatively (hours), incidence of urinary tract infection during hospitalization and incidence of wound infection.Results: Median postoperative stay was 5 days (range 4 to 7) i...
Direct Engagement of the Reader in Matthew's Discourses: Rhetorical Techniques and Scholarly Consensus

Matthew's five great discourses move from addressing the story's audience to direct engagement with the reader. The first section of the paper demonstrates that this rhetorical function of the discourses has found widespread agreement among scholars employing such diverse methodologies as redaction, narrative, rhetorical, feminist, and reader-response criticisms, as well as structuralism and post-structuralism. The paper's second section analyzes the means by which Matthew's reader is more directly addressed in the discourses than in the narrative portions of the Gospel. The rhetorical devices explored include plot devices in the narrative surrounding the discourses; discourse structural devices; and linguistic, topical, and generic techniques used within the discourses.
Synapsins Contain O‐Linked N‐Acetylglucosamine

The neuron-specific synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins synapsin I and synapsin II were shown to contain terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues as determined by specific labeling with bovine galactosyltransferase and UDP-[3H]galactose. The beta-elimination of galactosyltransferase radiolabeled synapsin I and subsequent analysis of released saccharide on high-voltage paper electrophoresis confirmed the presence of monosaccharidic GlcNAc moieties in O-linkage to the protein. Partial cleavage of synapsin I by collagenase, 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease suggests that at least three glycosylation sites exist along the molecule. Taken together these data present the first evidence that a neuron-specific protein contains O-glycosidically bound GlcNAc.
Nuclear pores and membrane holes: generic models for confined chains and entropic barriers in pore stabilization

The lumen of the nuclear pore complex is increasingly understood to be lined by a polymer brush that entropically regulates transport in and out of the nucleus-and it seems likely that similar effects probably arise with glycocalyx-lined holes in cell membranes. Here we mimic such pore-confined brushes with self-assembled polymer membranes imbued with nano-holes. Experiment and theory help elucidate the entropic origin and stabilization of the pores, which appear to have a similar basis as steric stabilization of colloids bearing polymer brushes. Free energies of interacting brushes reveal stable minima at pore sizes smaller than the classical metastable point, with little effect of the particular pore geometry. Such entropic forces have potential implications for lock and key mechanisms of nuclear pore assembly as well as transient poration of cells and synthetic nano-pores with regulatory mechanisms for transport.
A Magnetic Fabric in Till

The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of three oriented blocks of glacial till from a chalk pit near Cambridge, southeast England, is described. The magnetic fabric is due to magnetite with the particle axes alined. The magnetic fabric can be used in the same way as a fabric established by small stone orientation, and gives in addition an estimate of the orientation of all three principal axes of the magnetite particles. The information can be used to provide an indication of the direction of flow in the ice sheet.
Subpicosecond luminescence spectroscopy of hot carrier dynamics in homoepitaxial GaN

Femtosecond UV luminescence downconversion is used to study hot carrier relaxation in homoepitaxial GaN through measurement of PL rise times for varying carrier excitation energies and densities.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates post-hypoxic vascular pruning of cerebral blood vessels by degrading laminin and claudin-5

Vascular remodeling involves a highly coordinated break-down and build-up of the vascular basal lamina and inter-endothelial tight junction proteins. In light of the important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue remodeling, the goal of this study was to examine the role of MMP-9 in remodeling of cerebral blood vessels, both in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and in the vascular pruning that accompanies the switch from hypoxia back to normoxia. In a chronic mild hypoxia model of cerebrovascular remodeling, gel zymography revealed that MMP-9 levels were increased, both during hypoxic-induced angiogenesis and in the post-hypoxic pruning response. Interestingly, compared to wild-type mice, MMP-9 KO mice showed no alteration in hypoxic-induced angiogenesis, but did show marked delay in post-hypoxic vascular pruning. In wild-type mice, vascular pruning was associated with fragmentation of vascular laminin and the tight junction protein claudin-5, while this process was markedly attenuated in MMP-9 KO mice. In vitro experiments showed that hypoxia stimulated MMP-9 expression in brain endothelial cells but not pericytes. These results show that while MMP-9 is not essential for hypoxic-induced cerebral angiogenesis, it plays an important role in post-hypoxic vascular pruning by degrading laminin and claudin-5.
Low calcium abolishes tip links and alters relative stereocilia motion in chick cochlear hair cells

The role of stereocilia tip links in controlling hair bundle motion on chick hair cells was examined in this study. Hair cells from the apical end of the basilar papilla were maintained in culture medium and oriented so that the sensory hair bundles were viewed in profile. A water-jet was used to stimulate the hair bundle and stroboscopic illumination allowed slow motion viewing of sensory hair motion at the bundle edges. Motion of the tallest stereocilium in the bundle was set to a criterion angular deflection and the excursion of the shortest stereocilium was measured. These measurements were made in a sample of hair cells maintained in culture medium containing either near normal levels of calcium or very low calcium levels supplemented with EGTA. In low calcium the angular deflection of the shortest hair was significantly reduced from that observed in normal media. The resting inward tilt of the hairs in the bundle, however, did not change. Scanning electron microscopy verified an almost complete destruction of tip links after exposure to low calcium. These results suggest that tip links contribute significantly to the relative motion of stereocilia and exhibit the mechanical properties of a relatively stiff linkage.
An Overview on the Technology of Cross-Linking of Starch for Nonfood Applications:

For commercial success, bioplastics have to possess adequate physical properties. But the same properties of biopolymers — such as starch — that make them environmentally attractive feedstocks can affect their performance as materials. Despite the attractive properties of plant-based plastics, there have been few commercial applications due to their property drawbacks (e.g., high cost, brittleness, and lower impact resistance). Many biopolymers, such as starch, are often hydrophilic and some are even soluble in hot water. These properties have to be managed and controlled through the development of adequate formulations and processing. The primary challenge is to develop fast reactions that can be transformed into viable processes and integrated into existing process lines with economically viable formulations that are friendly to the environment. Cross-linking of starches is the most common method used in polysaccharide chemistry. This article briefly reviews some of the most promising chemistries availa...
Cell death in osteoarthritis

To date, most studies examining cell death during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) have focused on death of chondrocytes and have primarily examined advanced stages of the disease. Very good evidence suggests that chondrocyte death does occur at some point in the pathogenesis of OA and that it can be due to apoptosis, necrosis, or some combination of the two. Chondrocyte death can be induced by mechanical injury, loss of extracellular matrix, loss of growth factors, or excessive levels of reactive oxygen species. Although therapy specifically targeting cell death in human OA has not been reported, preclinical studies in animal models have provided early evidence that inhibition of caspases might slow OA-like changes in articular cartilage. Because of potential unwanted side effects from agents systemically inhibiting cell death, treatments specifically targeting cell death in OA will likely need to be delivered locally and in a manner that prevents systemic absorption. Inhibition of cell death in OA likely will not be a sole therapeutic target but rather a desired effect of interventions designed to reverse the catabolic-anabolic imbalance occurring in OA joint tissues.
Context-Aware Recommendation Based On Review Mining

Recommender systems (RS) play an important role in many areas including targeted advertising, personalized marketing and information retrieval. In recent years, the importance of contextual information has attracted many researchers to focus on designing systems that produce personalized recommendations in accordance with available contextual information of users. Comparing with traditional RS which mainly utilize users’ rating history, the context# aware recommender systems (CARS) can result in better performance in various applications. In this paper, we present a context#aware recommender system that extracts contextual information from a textual description of user current situation and use it in combination with user ratings history to compute a utility function over the set of items. The item utility shows how much it is preferable regarding user current context. In our system, the context inference is modeled as a supervised topic#modeling problem in which the set of categories for a contextual attribute constitutes the topic set. As an example application, we used our method to mine hidden contextual data from customers' reviews for hotels and use it to produce context#aware recommendations. Our evaluations suggest that our system can help produce better recommendations in comparison to a standard kNN recommender system.
The multiple phenylpropene synthases in both Clarkia breweri and Petunia hybrida represent two distinct protein lineages.

*Summary Many plants synthesize the volatile phenylpropene compounds eugenol and isoeugenol to serve in defense against herbivores and pathogens and to attract pollinators. Clarkia breweri flowers emit a mixture of eugenol and isoeugenol, while Petunia hybrida flowers emit mostly isoeugenol with small amounts of eugenol. We recently reported the identification of a petunia enzyme, isoeugenol synthase 1 (PhIGS1) that catalyzes the formation of isoeugenol, and an Ocimum basilicum (basil) enzyme, eugenol synthase 1 (ObEGS1), that produces eugenol. ObEGS1 and PhIGS1 both utilize coniferyl acetate, are 52% sequence identical, and belong to a family of NADPH-dependent reductases involved in secondary metabolism. Here we show that C. breweri flowers have two closely related proteins (96% identity), CbIGS1 and CbEGS1, that are similar to ObEGS1 (58% and 59% identity, respectively) and catalyze the formation of isoeugenol and eugenol, respectively. In vitro mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that substitution of only a single residue can substantially affect the product specificity of these enzymes. A third C. breweri enzyme identified, CbEGS2, also catalyzes the formation of eugenol from coniferyl acetate and is only 46% identical to CbIGS1 and CbEGS1 but more similar (>70%) to other types of reductases. We also found that petunia flowers contain an enzyme, PhEGS1, that is highly similar to CbEGS2 (82% identity) and that converts coniferyl acetate to eugenol. Our results indicate that plant enzymes with EGS and IGS activities have arisen multiple times and in different protein lineages.
The cellular and molecular basis of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation.

Bronchodilators are a standard medicine for treating airway obstructive diseases, and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been the most commonly used bronchodilators since their discovery. Strikingly, activation of G-protein-coupled bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) in airway smooth muscle (ASM) causes a stronger bronchodilation in vitro and in vivo than β2 agonists, implying that new and better bronchodilators could be developed. A critical step towards realizing this potential is to understand the mechanisms underlying this bronchodilation, which remain ill-defined. An influential hypothesis argues that bitter tastants generate localized Ca2+ signals, as revealed in cultured ASM cells, to activate large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, which in turn hyperpolarize the membrane, leading to relaxation. Here we report that in mouse primary ASM cells bitter tastants neither evoke localized Ca2+ events nor alter spontaneous local Ca2+ transients. Interestingly, they increase global intracellular [Ca2+]i, although to a much lower level than bronchoconstrictors. We show that these Ca2+ changes in cells at rest are mediated via activation of the canonical bitter taste signaling cascade (i.e., TAS2R-gustducin-phospholipase Cβ [PLCβ]- inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor [IP3R]), and are not sufficient to impact airway contractility. But activation of TAS2Rs fully reverses the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by bronchoconstrictors, and this lowering of the [Ca2+]i is necessary for bitter tastant-induced ASM cell relaxation. We further show that bitter tastants inhibit L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), resulting in reversal in [Ca2+]i, and this inhibition can be prevented by pertussis toxin and G-protein βγ subunit inhibitors, but not by the blockers of PLCβ and IP3R. Together, we suggest that TAS2R stimulation activates two opposing Ca2+ signaling pathways via Gβγ to increase [Ca2+]i at rest while blocking activated L-type VDCCs to induce bronchodilation of contracted ASM. We propose that the large decrease in [Ca2+]i caused by effective tastant bronchodilators provides an efficient cell-based screening method for identifying potent dilators from among the many thousands of available bitter tastants.
The Role of Nonquasigeostrophic Forcing in Southern Hemisphere Blocking Onsets

AbstractA generalized frictionless, adiabatic geostrophic zonal wind tendency equation is derived to diagnose the nonquasigeostrophic forcings to blocking onset in the Southern Hemisphere through case study and composite analysis. In general, the quasigeostrophic model is capable of representing the key physical processes associated with blocking onset in the troposphere reasonably well in most blocking cases. The consideration of nonquasigeostrophic forcings moderately improves the quasigeostrophic representation in a majority of the blocking events selected for this study, but not all events. This suggests that the nonquasigeostrophic terms could be important in a specific blocking event but not in a composite meaning. Furthermore, the nonquasigeostrophic forcing of geostrophic advection of ageostrophic relative vorticity term, , is extensively examined in this study. This forcing is found to be the leading nonquasigeostrophic forcing term among all nonquasigeostrophic forcings. In a composite sense, th...
Reflection and refraction of a three-dimensional Gaussian beam at a nonlinear interface

Calculations are performed that show the nature of finite, scalar optical beam reflection and refraction from a three-dimensional Kerr nonlinear optical interface. The numerical technique, comments on its accuracy and stability, and preliminary results are presented. At least four qualitatively different behaviors have been observed, depending on the intensity of the incident beam. These behaviors are different from previously published results for two-dimensional treatments.
Treatment of swallowing syncope.

To the Editor.— Woody and Kiel reported a child in whom syncopal episodes occurred while swallowing.1 They treated the child by implanting a permanent pacemaker. In the article, they referred to other possible treatments such as the use of atropine to block the, presumably, vagal reflux. Unfortunately, there was no mention made of a test of this hypothesis. We reported a similar case in 19722 and were able to document blocking of the reflux with atropine.
Acute Closed-Chest Canine Model for Anaesthesia Research

An acute closed-chest canine model may be useful to study a wide variety of hypotheses relevant to cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology in circumstances which are clinically relevant. The absence of anatomical perturbations allows recovery of the subjects for conservation of animal resources and to serve as their own controls. The use of a chronic tracheostomy has facilitated inhalation anaesthesia without the use of other agents and allows easy access to the trachea in awake animals with minimal adverse effects. A thorough understanding of the techniques utilized aids in the interpretation of results obtained with this as with any other model.
The Gift of Professional Maturity

The article provides a personal perspective on the importance of understanding and learning management history. There are many reasons why those training for careers as management scholars should b...
Quick test inter-form reliability in diverse clinical groups and the effect of age correction factor.

Summary.-All three forms of the Quick Test were administered to 15G pacients who were divided into the following categories: brain-damaged, questionably brain-damaged, psychiatric disordered, and controls. High Pearson r correlations for all forms for all groups indicate excellent reliability. Evidence is presented thar indicates che age correction factor is excessive and results in elevated IQ scores for older Ss. The purpose of this brief report is (a) to record the uniformly high intercorrelations among Forms 1, 2, and 3 of the Quick Test (Ammons & Ammons, 1962) in patients drawn from differing populations and (b) to present evidence for the need for revision of the age correction factor for individuals aged 45 and over. The 156 Ss were composed of four groups: BD, 49 patients with brain damage of various kinds; QBD, 17 patients with questionable brain damage; P, 52 psychiatric patients with a range of disorders and no evidence of brain damage; and, C, a control grotip of 38 hospitalized patients (largely neurological and neurosurgical) without either brain damage or psychiatric dis0rder.l Out-patients were drawn from :he Hitchcock Clinic, the in-patients from the Mary Hitchcock Memorial Hospital. About one-half of the Ss were from professional or white collar occupations; the other half were blue collar workers with some tendency toward weighting among the higher levels of the blue collar range. All Ss were administered the three forms of the Quick Test (QT) under standard instruccions, with appropriate control for guessing. Mean ages and IQs for each group are reported in Table 1. The mean Pearson 7s among the
The Bilateral Dufourmentel Flap for Repair of Nasal Dorsum Defects After Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Background Single-stage repairs of large nasal dorsum defects risk introducing lower nasal distortion. Objective To describe the authors experience with the "birhombic" flap, a bilateral Dufourmentel rhomboid flap, for repair of nasal surgical defects after Mohs micrographic surgery. Materials and methods The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent birhombic flap repair of the nose by a single physician after Mohs micrographic surgery from 2008 to 2013 at the Medical University of South Carolina. Results Thirty-eight patients were identified on whom the birhombic flap repair was performed on the nasal dorsum over a 6-year period. There were no significant complications. Alar position remained neutral and nasal profile remained unaltered in all cases. Postoperatively, pulsed dye laser was performed in 8 patients (21%) and dermabrasion in 11 patients (29%). All patients achieved very good or excellent final aesthetic results. Conclusion The birhombic flap is a reproducible, one-stage flap for small to large defects of the nasal dorsum that consistently produces topographic restoration with minimal risk of aesthetic or functional complication. The use of 2 opposing flaps redistributes the secondary defect, thus minimizing the potential for lower nasal distortion when closing the flaps' donor sites.
Team for Human Factors Engineering

The Human Factors Engineer (HFE) Is sometimes excluded from the requirements analysis phase of a project when other engineers do not understand how the HFE can contribute to system definition. The Traceability and Engineering Analysis Methodology (TEAM) combines all engineering disciplines, including Human Factors Engineering, into an integrated methodology for systems analysis. TEAM provides a structured mechanism for Inter-discipline communication during the early phases of a project. Human Factors Engineers have successfully used TEAM to contribute to requirements analysis early in a project life-cycle. This paper presents the TEAM Concept and identifies how the Human Factors Engineer uses TEAM.
Journey to the Ruins of Modernity: Euforia and 40 días

This chapter builds on an interpretation of Y tu mama tambien (Alfonso Cuaron, 2001) as a keen allegory of neoliberal Mexico to focus on Euforia (Alfonso Corona, 2009) and 40 dias (Juan Carlos Martin, 2008). In both movies, Sanchez Prado argues, the trope of the journey allows for a navigation of the depths of the neoliberal catastrophe, either by staging, like in Euforia, an impossible romance between two characters that embody irreconcilable ideological stances or, like in 40 dias, by charting an uneasy cartography of regional integration. Going against the conventional trope of the road trip as a journey to the interior of either the self or the nation, these films confront the viewer with the profound ideological and aesthetic crisis brought forward by the neoliberal era.
The Compact Merging Algorithm

As discussed in Chapter 3, each primitive in the design system has an associated compact graph that represents a high-level plan for its manufacture. In the design by composition paradigm, the user designs parts (and pre-assembled mechanisms) by combining these primitives with Boolean operations: addition (union), subtraction, intersection, and exclusive-or (XOR). When the user combines two primitives, The CAD system calculates a compact graph for the new design by combining the compact graphs of the two source primitives. In other words, the software automatically creates a manufacturing plan for the new design by combining the plans for the source primitives.
Plant-wax D/H ratios in the southern European Alps record multiple aspects of climate variability

We present a Younger Dryas–Holocene record of the hydrogen isotopic composition of sedimentary plant waxes (δD_(wax)) from the southern European Alps (Lake Ghirla, N-Italy) to investigate its sensitivity to climatic forcing variations in this mid-latitude region (45°N). A modern altitudinal transect of δD values of river water and leaf waxes in the Lake Ghirla catchment is used to test present-day climate sensitivity of δD_(wax). While we find that altitudinal effects on δD_(wax) are minor at our study site, temperature, precipitation amount, and evapotranspiration all appear to influence δD_(wax) to varying extents. In the lake-sediment record, δD_(wax) values vary between −134 and −180‰ over the past 13 kyr. The long-term Holocene pattern of δD_(wax) parallels the trend of decreasing temperature and is thus likely forced by the decline of northern hemisphere summer insolation. Shorter-term fluctuations, in contrast, may reflect both temperature and moisture-source changes. During the cool Younger Dryas and Little Ice Age (LIA) periods we observe unexpectedly high δD_(wax) values relative to those before and after. We suggest that a change towards a more D-enriched moisture source is required during these intervals. In fact, a shift from northern N-Atlantic to southern N-Atlantic/western Mediterranean Sea sources would be consistent with a southward migration of the Westerlies with climate cooling. Prominent δD_(wax) fluctuations in the early and middle Holocene are negative and potentially associated with temperature declines. In the late Holocene (<4 kyr BP), excursions are partly positive (as for the LIA) suggesting a stronger influence of moisture-source changes on δD_(wax) variation. In addition to isotopic fractionations of the hydrological cycle, changes in vegetation composition, in the length of the growing season, and in snowfall amount provide additional potential sources of variability, although we cannot yet quantitatively assess these in the paleo-record. We conclude that while our δD_(wax) record from the Alps does contain climatic information, it is a complicated record that would require additional constraints to be robustly interpreted. This also has important implications for other water-isotope-based proxy records of precipitation and hydro-climate from this region, such as cave speleothems.
Fast imaging in cannula microscope using orthogonal matching pursuit

Fluorescent miscroscopy is a state-of-the-art method for creating high contrast and high resolution images of microscopic structures and has found wide application in microendoscopy (i.e., imaging cellular information from an optical probe within an animal). Cannula based microscopy methods have recently shown great promise for efficient microendoscopy imaging. Yet, performing real-time imaging with cannula methods have yet to be achieved due to the high computational complexity of the algorithms used for image reconstruction. We present an approach based on compressive sensing to improve computational speed and image reconstruction quality. We compare our approach with the state-of-the-art implementation based on direct binary search, a non-linear optimization technique. Results demonstrating up to 70 times improvement in the computation time and visual quality of the image over the direct binary search method are included in the paper.
Monte Carlo simulation of contaminant transport: II. Morphological disorder in fracture connectivity

Simulating contaminant transport in fractured geologic media is challenging. Aside from the difficulties encountered in properly modeling the heterogeneities in the hydraulic properties of the fractures and the matrix, it is difficult to quantify and model the disorder in the fracture connectivity. Correct prediction of the spread of contaminants in fractured geologic media is not possible without considering this inherent morphological disorder. Here, we develop a network model of fractures, and use the model to study transport of contaminants. We investigate the influence of morphology on the transport process by introducing disorder in the fracture connectivity through a novel percolation scheme. The network close to the percolation threshold is very complex and allows the contaminant particles to follow many slow paths. This closely captures the physical situation. We show, how the disorder in the network changes the residence time distributions and its various temporal moments. We also show how the residence time distribution and the temporal moments are influenced by the interaction of the disorder with the various transport mechanisms, such as convection, dispersion, adsorption, and first-order decay.
Transformations, economics, and bitter outcomes: Archaeological investigations at Betty's Hope Plantation—a case study reflecting 300 years of Caribbean sugar production

Betty's Hope Plantation, on the island of Antigua, provides a case study to explore the changes and transformations occurring during the rise of the British Caribbean sugar plantation system. Since 2007, archaeological investigations at the site and related archival research have revealed that new technologies in the production of sugar can be identified over three centuries. In this investigation, questions arise as to the efficiencies of sugar production technology and innovation in an industry that relied mainly on enslaved labor. The desire for sugar also converged with the technological innovations of the industrial revolution, which can be seen in the artifacts recovered from the site. Applying the theoretical framework of world systems theory allows for micro- and macro-scale approaches to understanding life on this Caribbean sugar plantation. From an ecological perspective, world systems theory, when linked to the model of the dynamics of coupled natural and human systems, provides a potential bridge to considering the relationship between humans and their environment at Betty's Hope, its ecology, and the peoples who inhabited this landscape. The legacy of “King Sugar” has left more than bitter memories; the seeds of ecological destruction were sown long ago, as the system eventually collapsed under its own weight.
Models and Control Strategies for Data Centers in the Smart Grid

This chapter discusses the challenges and the possibilities offered by controlling a data center as a node of the smart-grid. The communication between the grid and the data center takes the form of a time-varying and power-consumption-dependent electricity price. A model that considers both the computational and the physical characteristics of a data center, as well as their interactions, is proposed. Two control approaches are discussed. The first control approach does not consider the interaction between the computational and the thermal characteristics of a data center. We call such a control approach uncoordinated. The second controller considers the coupling between the computational and the thermal characteristics. We call such a control approach coordinated. Simulation results, discussed at the end of the chapter, show that the coordinated control approach can lead to larger income for data center operators than the uncoordinated approach.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Proteases and Proteolysis in Health and Disease

This Special Issue on Proteases and Proteolysis in Health and Disease comprises 11 reviews that cover a broad range of topics in this diverse field. We hope you find these pieces as engaging and informative as we have and we are grateful to their authors for taking the time to write for The FEBS Journal.
The impact of mindful organizing on operational performance: An explorative study

This study explores the effect of Mindful Organizing, a concept originally developed in the high-reliability organizations literature. We show that mindful organizing can also be applied to ordinary organizations seeking better performance, not just to organizations seeking high reliability. Results of this study demonstrate that mindful organizing and operational performance are positively related. Further, mindful organizing benefits organizations in an uncertain environment more than organizations in a stable environment. Future research avenues of this understudied concept in operations management are discussed.
Chemokines: a novel chronic GVHD target.

In this issue of Blood, Du et al demonstrate that not only is chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 (CCL15) a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patient samples for chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but antibody inhibition of its homolog, CCL9, reverses established lung GVHD in a mouse model.1 The median CCL15 concentration was significantly higher in samples from patients with chronic GVHD compared with no chronic-GVHD controls (P = .0125), which may aid in diagnosis. Importantly, CCL15 also had prognostic value. Patients with chronic GVHD who have higher than median CCL15 concentrations were at threefold higher risk for nonrelapse mortality than patients with below median CCL15 concentrations.
Phenomenological Methodologies in the Field of Educational Communications and Technology.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the philosophical and methodological variations of phenomenological research methods and their role in the field of educational communication and technology (ECT). Phenomenology is a qualitative research methodology concerned with investigating phenomena as they manifest through lived-experiences. The unit of analysis resides in the intentional meanings of phenomena. Analysis of those intentionalities, however, has evolved over the past century; phenomenologists have viewed intentionality as something that is: described (transcendental phenomenology), interpreted (hermeneutic phenomenology), or resists centering and embraces contexts, situations, and the partial (post-intentional phenomenology) (Vagle 2014, 2018). To conduct phenomenological research, then, one must be able to articulate the specific philosophical underpinnings associated with each approach and the suitability of each approach. To support researchers and practitioners in the field, this paper explicates philosophical and methodological variations of more prominent phenomenological research approaches as well as related issues and affordances. In doing so, this paper offers scholars in the field various perspectives in which to ground future phenomenological research.
The Pedagogy of “Governance”

Traditional public administration scholarship focused on government, reflecting the study of public actors delivering services. But recently the focus on government and governmental actors has been...
Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Beyond the Standard Model

Non-standard primordial nucleosynthesis merits continued study for several reasons. First and foremost are the important implications determined from primordial nucleosynthesis regarding the composition of the matter in the universe. Second, the production and the subsequent observation of the primordial isotopes is our most direct experimental link with the early (t ≲1 sec) universe. Third, studies of primordial nucleosynthesis allow for important, and otherwise unattainable, constraints on many aspects of particle physics. Finally, there is tentative evidence which suggests that the Standard Big Bang (SBB) model is incorrect in that it cannot reproduce the inferred primordial abundances for a single value of the baryon-to-photon ratio.