cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grouping of complex substances using analytical chemistry data: A framework for quantitative evaluation and visualization.

A detailed characterization of the chemical composition of complex substances, such as products of petroleum refining and environmental mixtures, is greatly needed in exposure assessment and manufacturing. The inherent complexity and variability in the composition of complex substances obfuscate the choices for their detailed analytical characterization. Yet, in lieu of exact chemical composition of complex substances, evaluation of the degree of similarity is a sensible path toward decision-making in environmental health regulations. Grouping of similar complex substances is a challenge that can be addressed via advanced analytical methods and streamlined data analysis and visualization techniques. Here, we propose a framework with unsupervised and supervised analyses to optimally group complex substances based on their analytical features. We test two data sets of complex oil-derived substances. The first data set is from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of 20 Standard Reference Materials representing crude oils and oil refining products. The second data set consists of 15 samples of various gas oils analyzed using three analytical techniques: GC-MS, GC×GC-flame ionization detection (FID), and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). We use hierarchical clustering using Pearson correlation as a similarity metric for the unsupervised analysis and build classification models using the Random Forest algorithm for the supervised analysis. We present a quantitative comparative assessment of clustering results via Fowlkes–Mallows index, and classification results via model accuracies in predicting the group of an unknown complex substance. We demonstrate the effect of (i) different grouping methodologies, (ii) data set size, and (iii) dimensionality reduction on the grouping quality, and (iv) different analytical techniques on the characterization of the complex substances. While the complexity and variability in chemical composition are an inherent feature of complex substances, we demonstrate how the choices of the data analysis and visualization methods can impact the communication of their characteristics to delineate sufficient similarity.
Multifocal Intracranial Ganglioglioma in a Sexagenarian: Case Report and Review of the Current Literature.

Abstract Background Gangliogliomas are rare, well differentiated, low grade neoplasms that most commonly occur unifocally in children, and most commonly affect the temporal lobe. Gangliogliomas that occur in patients over 40 tend to have worse prognoses. These tumors generally stain positively for neural and glial cell markers, as well as CD34. The purpose of this study was both to report an unprecedented case of multifocal intracranial ganglioglioma in an adult over 40 who had a favorable course, as well as to review the current literature surrounding multifocal intracranial gangliogliomas. Case Description A 60-year-old female presented to her ophthalmologist with blurry vision in the right eye and unremarkable neurological exam. She was referred for brain imaging, which showed multiple lesions in both cerebral hemispheres. Biopsy of the right occipital lesion was elected, as it enhanced most on MRI. Conclusion Multifocal intracranial gangliogliomas are exceedingly rare tumors, especially in adults. These tumors present unique management barriers, as they are multifocal at the time of diagnosis, making resection more technically challenging. In our review, the average age at diagnosis was 19.2, and 80% of the cases had at least one lesion in the temporal lobe. Two studies opted for resection of intracranial tumors, whereas the remaining studies performed biopsy with conservative management and serial imaging. Biopsy was performed in all cases. We present the first case of an intracranial multifocal ganglioglioma in a patient over 40 with lesions in the occipital lobe, corpus callosum and frontal lobe at presentation.
Racial Disparities in Healthcare Utilization Among Individuals with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Comorbid Anxiety Disorder

This study addresses racial/ethnic differences in adverse health care utilization among individuals with comorbid anxiety disorder and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMetS) risk factors. Utilizing 2011–2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data, logistic regression models were estimated to determine the likelihood of receiving CMetS-related medical treatment in the emergency department (ED) or via inpatient services and to determine if the likelihood is associated with race/ethnicity. Adjusted models controlled for age, sex, and insurance type. Significant racial-ethnic differences were observed for utilization (any emergency department and/or inpatient visit). The odds of non-Hispanic Black respondents reporting emergency department and/or inpatient utilization was 2.39 (p < 0.05) times the odds of non-Hispanic White respondents. Racial-ethnic variation in adverse healthcare utilization suggests an opportunity to improve care and outcomes for persons diagnosed with comorbid anxiety disorder and cardiometabolic syndrome. Integrated interventions could simultaneously improve mental health and facilitate CMetS disease self-management.
A New End-to-End Workflow for the Community Earth System Model (version 2.0) for CMIP6

Abstract. The complexity of each Coupled Model Intercomparison Project grows with every new generation. The Phase 5 effort saw a large increase in the number of experiments that were performed and the number of variables that were requested compared to its previous generation, Phase 3. Many centers were not prepared for the large demand and this stressed the resources of several centers including at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. During Phase 5, we missed several deadlines and we struggled to get the data out to the community for analysis. In preparation for the current generation, Phase 6, we examined the weaknesses in our workflow and addressed the performance issues with new software tools. Through this investment, we were able to publish approximately six times the amount of data to the community compared to the volumes we produced in the previous generation and we were able to accomplish this within one-third of the time, providing an 18 times speedup. This paper discusses the improvements we have made to accomplish this success for Phase 6 and further improvements we hope to make for the next generation.
Quantitative protein expression of blood-brain barrier transporters in the vasculature of brain metastases of patients with lung and breast cancer.

This study determined absolute transporter protein abundances in isolated microvessels of human noncancerous cerebral cortex as well as brain metastases of patients with lung and breast cancer, using a validated targeted proteomics approach. As compared with those in microvessels of noncancerous cerebral cortex, the median protein abundances of glucose transporter 1 (a brain endothelial marker) and sodium-potassium pump (Na/K ATPase, a plasma membrane marker) were decreased by ~ 80% in brain metastasis microvessels. The major efflux transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2) fell to undetectable in microvessels of more than 80% of brain metastasis specimens. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 was undetectable in microvessels of more than 80% of brain metastases, whereas large neutral amino acid transporter 1 levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, the integrity of the physical and biochemical barrier with respect to transporter protein expression is largely disrupted in brain metastasis tumor vasculatures. Differential transporter protein abundances at the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain tumor barrier provided mechanistic and quantitative basis for prediction of heterogeneous drug penetration into human brain and brain tumors, which is critical not only to the understanding of the success or failure of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors but also to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
Head circumference in infants undergoing Foker process for long-gap esophageal atresia repair: Call for attention

Abstract Introduction We extended our pilot study in infants following long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) repair to report head circumference, an easily obtainable indirect measure of brain size. Data are presented in the context of previously reported body weight and T2-weighted MRI measures of intracranial and brain volumes. Methods Clinical information and head circumference were obtained for term-born (n = 13) and premature (n = 13) infants following LGEA repair with Foker process, as well as healthy term-born controls (n = 20) Results We report no difference in head circumference between the three groups. Such findings paralleled trends in body weight and total intracranial volume but not in brain volume as previously reported for the same pilot cohort. Discussion Results suggest uncompromised somatic and head growth after repair of LGEA. In contrast, a novel finding of discrepancy between head circumference (novel data) and brain size (previously published data) in the same cohort suggests that head circumference might not be the best indirect measure of brain size in selected group of patients.
The Die is Cast: Hardware Security is Not Assured

The future of hardware security will evolve with hardware. As packaging advances and focus moves to beyond Moore's law technologies, hardware security experts will need to keep ahead of changing security paradigms, including system and process vulnerabilities. Research focused on quantum hacking is emblematic of the translation of principles of security on the physical attack plane for emerging communications and computing technologies. Perhaps the commercial market will evolve such that the GAO will run a study on compromised quantum technologies in the not-too-distant future.
Dyslexia Primer for Social Work: Translational Research to Update Strengths-Based Practice, Advocacy, and Attitudes

Dyslexia is a lifelong epigenetic neurobiological difference (neurodiversity) in brain formation and processing. Though highly prevalent, most people, including social workers, know little about dyslexia. Whereas dyslexia predicts common cognitive strengths and weaknesses, it is most often associated only with weaknesses, due to misinformation or a simple lack of information. As a result, pervasive myths (e.g., laziness, low IQ) drive beliefs, attitudes, and policies that contribute to disproportionally poorer educational, financial, justice system, and mental health outcomes for individuals with dyslexia – a cycle of externally and internally applied stigmas with significant practical effects. This analysis applies a person-in-environment conceptual framework to explain this cycle, as a step toward disrupting it. The analysis uses translational research methods, drawing from current science, to provide positive framing to dispel common stigmatizing myths and to foster strengths-based social work practice and advocacy by and for individuals with dyslexia.
The Language of Art: A Conversation between Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso

The Language of Art: A conversation between Matisse and Picasso. Marisa Jones Hooser This study focuses on the dialog between Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso and lays a unique groundwork for instructors in Discipline-Based art education (DBAE). Using two artists, rather than one, it reveals the importance of the basic art elements in a comparative analysis and stylistic variation of both. The art of Matisse and Picasso was intertwined even before their first meeting as it continued to be even after Matisse’s death. It is popular belief that Matisse and his work influenced Picasso’s career, but surprisingly little attention has focused on the influence of Picasso on Matisse’s work or, more specifically, on the way in which they communicated these eloquent visual conversations. To show the extent of the communication between Matisse and Picasso, ten still life and portrait groups are analyzed and connected through their brilliant exchange of the elements of art. The emergence of the Picassian and Matissian styles will also be discussed as the language of art seems to merge what began as two distinct styles, into a wonderful and complex mix. The art elements have been used universally as communication between the artist and the work of art, and this language of visual signs speaks to us from all of the known civilizations. Matisse and Picasso took this artistic language a step further in communicating not only of themselves, but also to each other in a back and forth artistic interchange that lasted nearly fifty years. The conversation in this study is between the language of the artists’ works, rather than a verbal exchange between the two. Instead of literal words to create a dialog, it is a conversation between two different personalities by use of the universally used art elements. With differing backgrounds, their impressions, thus their art varied greatly, even within similar themes. Matisse and Picasso provide an astonishing artistic interaction that would certainly provide a classroom teacher with motivational dialog and stimulating subject in teaching all four areas of Discipline-Based art education. By helping the students understand the connection between two artists, they can know more about and better understand the importance of each.
Motions in Metric Space

Stability and attraction for sets as defined in Chapter II only yield information on the behavior of motions near a positively invariant set. Much detail is obscured by only considering the positive orbit or its hull. As Sell points out in [1], stability and attraction of sets are too crude to give much information about the behavior of motions within a set. A finer tool is needed here. In part, this can be accomplished by endowing the phase space with a metric or uniform structure. Also, the consideration of almost periodic motions requires completeness of the phase space. This added structure allows us to answer the question posed in the opening paragraph of Section 4 of Chapter II; namely, when does a semidynamical system extend (uniquely) to a dynamical system? Moreover, in this setting we can complete- the classification of compact positively minimal sets into the closure of recurrent, uniformly recurrent, almost periodic, periodic, and critical motions.
Clinical Perspectives on Involving the Family in Treatment

Publisher Summary The chapter highlights specific methods and strategies to be used with families and explains when not to include family members in treatment of patients. Mental disorders impose a great burden, not only on those diagnosed with them but also on patient's families, employers, friends, and affiliates peripherally involved in their life. Such disorders take their toll by causing serious emotional stress and reducing the patient's ability to function effectively in the routine of daily life. Individual and family psychotherapy each offer two things: an approach to treatment and a way of understanding human behavior. As approaches to treatment, both individual and family therapies have several assets. Individual therapy can provide the concentrated focus to aid an individual in facing problems. The determination of etiology of any psychopathological disorder is paramount to the development of a treatment plan. That is, constructing a road map in the treatment is contingent on the topographical information that is obtained.
Two-phonon absorption in LiF and NiO from infrared ellipsometry

Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry, the infrared lattice absorption of LiF and NiO was studied in the reststrahlen region. The transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical phonon energies, broadenings, and amplitudes were determined. Both materials also show a weak two-phonon absorption, which modifies the shape of the reststrahlen bands. The authors did not find any evidence of a splitting of the TO phonon in NiO due to antiferromagnetic ordering and place an upper limit of 17 cm−1 on this splitting.
Electoral Security of Members of the U.S. House, 1900–2006

Previous studies have documented that the increase in the incumbency advantage in the 1960s did not decrease the probability of defeat of incumbents in the U.S. House. I define a method for establishing bounds on the probability of incumbent defeat and find that it decreases significantly in the 1950s, before the rise of the incumbency advantage. Incumbency advantage does not have a direct relationship with incumbent defeat rates, raising questions about the use of the incumbency advantage as a means for making inferences about the electoral security of incumbents.
The constant‐hardness creep compliance of polycrystalline ice

We have performed creep and stress-reduction experiments on polycrystalline ice (grain sizes, d ≈ 30 and ≈ 245 µm) in the grain boundary sliding and dislocation creep regimes (stresses σ = 0.5–5 MPa, temperature T = 233 K) to determine the constant-hardness creep compliance under these conditions. Our results are consistent with a microstructural state-variable description of dislocation-effected deformation whose rate is accelerated by grain boundary sliding. The fine-grained specimens reveal no subgrain boundaries, indicating that the stress-sensitive microstructural feature upon which the state-variable behavior is founded may be the dislocation structure of the grain boundaries. Deviations of our constant-hardness data from the behavior predicted by the state-variable formulation allow estimation of the viscosity of the grain boundaries, which is ~4.8 × 106 Pa s at this temperature.
Synaptic vesicles retain their identity through the endocytic cycle

After fusion of synaptic vesicles with presynaptic membrane and secretion of the contents of the vesicles into the synaptic cleft (a process known as exocytosis), the vesicular membrane is retrieved by endocytosis (internalization) for re-use. Several issues regarding endocytosis at central synapses are unresolved, including the location of membrane retrieval (relative to the active zone, where exocytosis occurs), the time course of various endocytic steps, and the recycling path taken by newly endocytosed membranes. The classical model of synaptic-vesicle recycling, proposed by analogy to other cellular endocytic pathways, involves retrieval of the membrane, fusion of the membrane with endosome-like compartments and, finally, budding of new synaptic vesicles from endosomes, although the endosomal station may not be obligatory. Here we test the classical model by using the fluorescent membrane dye FM1-43 with quantitative fluorescence microscopy. We find that the amount of dye per vesicle taken up by endocytosis equals the amount of dye a vesicle releases on exocytosis; therefore, we conclude that the internalized vesicles do not, as the classical picture suggests, communicate with intermediate endosome-like compartments during the recycling process.
Expression of early transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog by porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix cells

Background Three transcription factors that are expressed at high levels in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2. These transcription factors regulate the expression of other genes during development and are found at high levels in the pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass. The downregulation of these three transcription factors correlates with the loss of pluripotency and self-renewal, and the beginning of subsequent differentiation steps. The roles of Nanog, Oct-4 and Sox-2 have not been fully elucidated. They are important in embryonic development and maintenance of pluripotency in ESCs. We studied the expression of these transcription factors in porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix cells.
A performance measure for constrained model predictive controllers

Model predictive control (MPC) is the dominant control technology for constrained, multivariable chemical processes. Performance assessment of MPC controllers is an important problem that has received little attention. Most multivariable controller assessment techniques are based on comparing the actual performance to that achievable under minimum variance control (MVC). MVC measures not well suited for MPC controllers because inherent control limitations imposed by constraints are neglected and minimum variance performance may be unachievable by any MPC controller even in the absence of constraints. We propose a performance measure for MPC controllers that utilizes the available process model to determine control system performance under constraints. The measure is computed as the ratio of the expected performance to the actual performance over a moving horizon of past information. The MPC performance measure is compared to a MVC measure using a linear distillation column model.
The impact of reduced pre-trade transparency regimes on market quality

This paper studies the effects of pre-trade quote transparency on spread, price discovery and liquidity in an artificial limit order market with heterogeneous trading rules. Our agent-based numerical experiments suggest that full quote transparency incurs substantial transaction costs to traders and dampens trading activity in an order-driven market. Our finding reveals that exogenous restriction of displayed depth, up to several best quotes, does not benefit market performance. On the contrary, endogenous restriction of displayed quote depth, by means of iceberg orders, improves market quality in multiple dimensions: it reduces average transaction costs, maintains higher liquidity and moderate volatility, balances the limit order book, and enhances price discovery.
Stochastic theory of radiative transfer through generalized cloud fields

[1] We present a coherent treatment, based on linear kinetic theory, of stochastic radiative transfer in an atmosphere containing clouds. A brief summary of statistical cloud radiation models is included. We explore the sensitivities inherent in the stochastic approach by using a well-known plane-parallel model developed by Fouquart and Bonnel together with our own stochastic model which generalizes earlier work of F. Malvagi, R. N. Byrne, G. C. Pomraning, and R. C. J. Somerville. In overcast conditions, in comparison to the plane parallel model, the stochastic model underestimates transmittance at small optical depths (<7) and overestimates transmittance at large optical depths. The stochastic model is strongly sensitive to cloud optical properties, including cloud water content and cloud droplet effective radius. The extension of the stochastic approach to an atmospheric general circulation model parameterization appears to be most appropriate for cloud fraction ranging from 25 to 70%. We conclude that stochastic theory holds substantial promise as a modeling approach for calculating shortwave radiative transfer through partially cloudy fields. Unlike cloud-resolving models and Monte Carlo cloud models, stochastic cloud models do not depend on specific realizations of the cloud field. Instead, they calculate the transfer of radiation through a cloudy atmosphere whose properties are known statistically in the form of probability density functions characterizing cloud geometry and cloud optical properties. The advantage of the stochastic approach is its theoretical generality and its potential for representing a complex cloud field realistically at modest computational cost.
The Public Health Worker as an Agent of Socio-Cultural Change

This is the Third Annual Dorothy B. Nyswander Lecture, It was delivered in Berkeley, April 24, 1959. The lectureship was established in honor of Dr. Nyswander upon her retirement as Professor of Health Education at the University of California.
Protein banding patterns of the outer membrane-enriched fraction of Bacteroides bivius.

Bacteroides bivius is a common anaerobe in female genital infections. Although protein banding patterns of outer membrane (OM) preparations of Bacteroides fragilis are well described and are homologous within the species, similar work has not been done with B. bivius. Our aims were to (i) characterize the OM banding patterns of B. bivius and compare them with those of other Bacteroides species and (ii) test clinical isolates of B. bivius against anti-B. bivius and anti-B. fragilis sera to identify different serogroups that might also exhibit different OM banding patterns. OM-enriched fractions of 27 clinical strains of B. bivius, 6 Bacteroides disiens strains, 10 B. fragilis strains, and 12 other Bacteroides strains were prepared, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. Antisera to B. bivius ATCC 29303 and B. fragilis ATCC 25285 were raised in rabbits and tested against Bacteroides strains in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All 27 B. bivius strains contained protein bands at 32, 27, 25, and 23 kilodaltons. This pattern was present in only 2 of 28 other strains; both of these were B. disiens. All B. bivius strains were reactive with the anti-B. bivius serum, while only 6 of 39 other strains (2 of 6 B. disiens) were reactive. Non-B. fragilis Bacteroides strains did not react with the anti-B. fragilis serum. Although there was marked homogeneity in the OM banding patterns of B. bivius, some B. disiens strains exhibited similar OM banding patterns. There appears to be some antigenic cross-reactivity between strains of B. bivius and B. disiens and very little with other Bacteroides species. These results may ultimately allow the development of rapid diagnostic tests for the B. bivius-B. disiens group.t
Aphragmus pygmaeus and Cardamine pseudotrifoliolata (Brassicaceae), New Species from Himalayan China

The new species Aphragmus pygmaeus Al-Shehbaz (Sichuan) and Cardamine pseudotrifoliolata Al-Shehbaz (Xizang or Tibet) are described and illustrated. Their distinguishing characters from the respectively nearest relatives A. oxycarpus (Hook. f. & Thomson) Jafri and C. trifoliolata Hook. f. & Thomson are discussed.
Positive transcriptional control of mry regulates virulence in the group A streptococcus

Summary Transcription of the antiphagocytic M protein in the group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) is environmentally regulated in response to CO2 and requires Mry, a trans-acting positive regulatory protein. We have examined the role of Mry in environmental regulation by analysing the factors that regulate expression of the gene that encodes Mry (mry). By employing a strategy that utilizes integrational plasmids, it was found that expression of mry requires the participation of DNA sequences that extend 473 base pairs upstream of the Mry coding region. Transcription of mry, as analysed in S1 nuclease protection assays, is initiated from two separate promoters located within this extended regulatory region. Construction and analysis of transcriptional fusions between the mry promoters and a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene demonstrated that mry is autoregulated and environmentally regulated in response to the level of CO2. These data suggest a model for the regulation of virulence in S. pyogenes where positive transcriptional control of mry in response to environmental stimuli regulates the expression of the M protein.
Growth of diamond thin films by chemical vapour deposition

Deposition of diamond thin films on non-diamond substrates at low pressures ( 100 kΩ-cm) 〈100〉 oriented silicon substrates by hot filament chemical vapour deposition technique are described in this review paper.
Oral complications associated with cancer therapy An M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

Oral complications associated with cancer therapy may not be inevitable. The intensity and duration can be prevented or alleviated by correcting existing oral-dental pathology and maintaining meticulous oral care. Microbial (bacterial, fungal and viral) assessment not only allows appropriate documentation of mucositis versus mucosal infection but directs therapeutic treatment.
A Second-Order High-Resolution Scheme for a Juvenile-Adult Model of Amphibians

In this article we consider a juvenile-adult population model of amphibians in which juveniles are structured by age and adults are structured by size. We develop a second-order explicit high-resolution scheme to approximate the solution of the model. Convergence of the finite difference approximation to the unique weak solution with bounded total variation is proved. Numerical examples demonstrate the high-resolution property and the achievement of the designed accuracy for the scheme. The scheme is then applied to understand the dynamics of an urban amphibian population.
Effects of differential prior exposure on preschool children’s subsequent choice of novel stimuli

Four groups of 12 preschool children were pre-exposed to one of two sets of seven toys for 0, 1, 3, or 5 min. Each S then received 10 trials on which he could choose one of the two sets to play with for 30 sec. All 36 Ss in the three nonzero exposure groups chose the novel (not previously exposed) set on trial 1. Further, the number of novel set choices over the 10 trials was an increasing function of the amount of prior exposure to the other set.
Coping with the 10th anniversary of 9/11: Muslim Americans' sadness, fear, and anger

The events of 9/11 marked an increase in prejudice, discrimination, and other forms of unfair treatment toward Muslim Americans. We present a study that examined the emotions of Muslim Americans in the days preceding the ten-year 9/11 anniversary. We measured the antecedents (concerns) and consequences (coping) of sadness, fear, and anger. The 9/11 anniversary precipitated intense concerns with loss and discrimination, and intense feelings of sadness, fear, and anger. We measured three coping responses: rumination, avoidance of public places, and religious coping. Participants engaged in all three coping responses, with seeking solace in one's religion being the most frequent response. Moreover, emotions mediated the relationship between concerns and coping responses. Sadness accounted for the association between concern with loss and rumination. Fear explained the association between concern with discrimination and avoidance. Anger accounted for the association between concern with discrimination and rel...
Emergency Department Presentation of Patients with Conversion Disorder

Objective: To describe the presenting symptoms and other features of ED patients diagnosed as having conversion disorder. Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out on the records of ED patients who had had final ED or in-hospital diagnoses of conversion disorder. Cases from 1982 to 1992 at a 566-bed rural tertiary care hospital with a residency program in emergency medicine were reviewed for patient age and gender, presenting signs and symptoms, ED diagnostic evaluation, disposition, and comorbidity. Results: Of 42 patients who had conversion disorder diagnoses, 24 were women and 18 were men. Twenty-one (50%) of the patients were diagnosed in the ED, and of those patients, ten were released home from the ED. Patient age ranged from 5 to 70 years, with a mean age of 33 years for women and 34 years for men. Most clinical symptoms mimicked neurologic disorders (weakness, pain, seizurelike activity, loss of consciousness, etc). Thirty patients (71%) received laboratory studies in the ED and two others received laboratory studies on admission. Seventeen (40%) patients had computed tomography of the head and five (12%) patients had magnetic resonance imaging of the head. Twelve (29%) patients had previous histories of psychiatric disorders, four (10%) had histories of alcohol and drug abuse, two (5%) had prior conversion reactions, three (7%) had chronic illnesses, and four (10%) had been victims of previous head trauma. Conclusion: Patients with conversion disorder in the ED usually present with neurologic symptoms and undergo multiple diagnostic tests. Comorbidity is common. Early psychiatric evaluation may assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with suspected conversion disorder in the ED.
An Introduction to Medical Dance/Movement Therapy: Health Care in Motion

by Sharon Goodill, defines Dance and Movement Therapy (DMT) while simultaneously providing the reader with knowledge related to the history of the field and the future direction of research. Presen...
Transactions section: Reprint of corresponding pages from the current annual AIEE transactions volume

The causes of dielectric loss in insulating oils and the means to reduce it to a minimum have always been important in high voltage engineering. In this study the relationships between the amount of impurities, which furnish a source of free ions in an oil, and the viscosity, which influences the mobility of the ions, on the one hand and the dielectric loss on the other are investigated. The results present some definite relationships between them and point out that in two oils of the same “electrical purity,” the one with higher viscosity will have lower dielectric loss.
Evolution in the management of infant pyeloplasty

Improving diagnostic modalities, evolving concepts regarding perinatal renal physiology, and advances in surgical technique have contributed to an evolution in the management of infant pyeloplasties. Currently, the majority of patients present with a prenatal diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and do not require surgical intervention prior to 4 weeks of age. Postnatal ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography, and nuclear renography complete the diagnostic evaluation, with intravenous urography and retrograde pyelography being unnecessary in the majority of infants. A decreasing incidence of complications and a shortening of hospital stay has been documented. We presently prefer a dismembered, nonintubated technique performed through a dorsal lumbotomy approach.
Environmental impact of the nuclear fuel cycle

Abstract Nuclear power provides approximately 17% of the world’s electricity, which is equivalent to a reduction in carbon emissions of ∼0.5 Gt of C/year. This is a modest contribution to the reduction of global carbon emissions, ∼6.5 Gt C/year. Most analyses suggest that in order to have a significant and timely impact on carbon emissions, carbonfree sources, such as nuclear power, would have to expand total energy production by a factor of three to ten by 2050. A three-fold increase in nuclear power capacity would result in a projected reduction in carbon emissions of 1 to 2 Gt C/year, depending on the type of carbon-based energy source that is displaced. This paper reviews the impact of an expansion of this scale on the generation of nuclear waste and fissile material that might be diverted to the production of nuclear weapons. There are three types of nuclear fuel cycles that might be utilized for the increased production of energy: open, closed, or a symbiotic combination of different reactor types (such as thermal and fast neutron reactors). Within each cycle, the volume and composition of the nuclear waste and fissile material depend on the type of nuclear fuel, the amount of burn-up, the extent of radionuclide separation during reprocessing, and the types of material used to immobilize different radionuclides. This chapter is a discussion of the relation between the different types of fuel cycles and their environmental impact.
All the news that's fit to post: A profile of news use on social networking sites

Facebook and other social networking sites (SNSs) are altering the way individuals communicate. These online environments allow users to keep up with friends, network with colleagues, and share their personal views and observations with others. Previous work describes typical social networking site users as young, extroverted, and technologically savvy. Little research exists, however, on the emerging role of news in the social network environment. With over 500 million global Facebook users, both print and television based media outlets are making concerted efforts to become part of this important and increasingly ubiquitous virtual world. The present study uses a sample of students, faculty, and staff from a large university to investigate the factors that are related to news use on Facebook. Findings indicate that while news use is still a minor component of overall social network site activity, certain key variables, such as gender and life satisfaction, have a significant impact on how Facebook is used for news-related purposes. Future implications for news in the social networking world are presented and discussed.
Motions of an Unstable Retainer in an Instrument Ball Bearing

We made an experimental investigation of the motions of the retainer in an instrument ball bearing during stable operation and during squeal. Radial motions of the retainer were measured with two fiber-light probes mounted 90 physical degrees apart. A signal analyzer was used to determine the phasing and frequency content of the probe signals. During squeal, a high-frequency retainer motion was found to be superimposed on the normal retainer ball group rotation rate. This high-frequency motion, which we call whirl, is a rigid-body translation in a circle. Whirl direction is opposite to the race for outer-race rotation, but in the same direction for inner-race rotation
Magnetism in icosahedral quasicrystals: current status and open questions

Progress in our understanding of the magnetic properties of R-containing icosahedral quasicrystals (R = rare earth element) from over 20 years of experimental effort is reviewed. This includes the much studied R-Mg-Zn and R-Mg-Cd ternary systems, as well as several magnetic quasicrystals that have been discovered and investigated more recently including Sc-Fe-Zn, R-Ag-In, Yb-Au-Al, the recently synthesized R-Cd binary quasicrystals, and their periodic approximants. In many ways, the magnetic properties among these quasicrystals are very similar. However, differences are observed that suggest new experiments and promising directions for future research.
The sleep-inducing lipid oleamide deconvolutes gap junction communication and calcium wave transmission in glial cells.

Oleamide is a sleep-inducing lipid originally isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of sleep-deprived cats. Oleamide was found to potently and selectively inactivate gap junction–mediated communication between rat glial cells. In contrast, oleamide had no effect on mechanically stimulated calcium wave transmission in this same cell type. Other chemical compounds traditionally used as inhibitors of gap junctional communication, like heptanol and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, blocked not only gap junctional communication but also intercellular calcium signaling. Given the central role for intercellular small molecule and electrical signaling in central nervous system function, oleamide- induced inactivation of glial cell gap junction channels may serve to regulate communication between brain cells, and in doing so, may influence higher order neuronal events like sleep induction.
DigitCHAT: enabling AAC input at conversational speed

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are used by many different types of people. While almost all AAC users have speech impairments that preclude the use of verbal communication, they may also have varying levels of vision or motor impairments, perhaps due to age or the particular nature of their disorder. Speed, expressiveness, and ease of communication are key factors in choosing an appropriate system; however, there are social considerations that are often overlooked. AAC systems are increasingly being used on mobile devices with smaller screens, in part because ambulatory AAC users may feel uncomfortable carrying around large or unusual machines. DigitCHAT is a prototype AAC system designed for fast and expressive communication by literate AAC users with minimal upper limb motor impairments. DigitCHAT's interface was designed to be used discretely on a mobile phone and supports continuous motion input using a small set of visually separated buttons.
A bis-Benzylidine Piperidone Targeting Proteasome Ubiquitin Receptor RPN13/ADRM1 as a Therapy for Cancer

The bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190 covalently binds to cysteine 88 of ubiquitin receptor RPN13 in the 19S regulatory particle and inhibits proteasome function, triggering rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Multiple myeloma (MM) lines, even those resistant to bortezomib, were sensitive to RA190 via endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis. RA190 stabilized targets of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein, and preferentially killed HPV-transformed cells. After oral or intraperitoneal dosing of mice, RA190 distributed to plasma and major organs except the brain and inhibited proteasome function in skin and muscle. RA190 administration profoundly reduced growth of MM and ovarian cancer xenografts, and oral RA190 treatment retarded HPV16(+) syngeneic mouse tumor growth, without affecting spontaneous HPV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, suggesting its therapeutic potential.
Land Ownership as a Determinant of International and Internal Migration in Mexico and Internal Migration in Thailand

This study focuses on the effect of land ownership on internal and international out-migration in Mexico and on internal out-migration in Thailand. Land can impact migration in four ways: as wealth; as employment; as an investment opportunity; and through inequality in ownership. Discrete time event history models of individual migration, using data from the Mexican Migration Project (covering Western Mexico) and data from the Nang Rong Project (covering one district in Northeast Thailand), show the effects of size of landholdings on internal out-migration of men. They also estimate the independent effects of relative deprivation in land ownership on migration. Results show that the size of landholdings has a negative effect on out-migration for smaller landholders (the majority of landholders). The size of landholdings has a positive effect on out-migration for larger landholders. Results suggest that the purchase and improvement of land are opportunities for investing the proceeds of migration.
Isotope selectivity of infrared laser-driven unimolecular dissociation of a volatile uranyl compound

Isotope-selective photodissociation of the volatile complex uranyl hexafluoroacetylacetonate · tetrahydrofuran [UO2(hfacac)2 · THF] has been achieved with both a continuous-wave and a pulsed carbon dioxide laser. The photodissociation was carried out in a low-density molecular beam under collisionless conditions. Transitions of the laser are in resonance with the asymmetric O-U-O stretch of the uranyl moiety, a vibrational mode whose frequency is sensitive to the masses of the uranium and oxygen isotopes. Unimolecular dissociation is observed mass spectrometrically at an extremely low energy fluence, with no evidence of an energy fluence or intensity threshold. The dissociation yield increases nearly linearly with increasing energy fluence. At constant fluence the dissociation yield is independent of contact time between the radiation field and the molecule, indicating that the decomposition is driven by laser energy fluence and not laser intensity. The oxygen and uranium isotope selectivities measured in these experiments are nearly those predicted by the ratio of the linear absorption cross sections for the respective isotopes. Thus, essentially complete selectivity is observed for oxygen isotopes, while a selectivity of only about 1.25 is measured for the uranium isotopes. A model presented to describe these results is based on rapid intramolecular vibrational energy flow from the pumped mode into a limited number of closely coupled modes.
Geocoris punctipes as a predator of Bemisia tabaci: a laboratory evaluation

Geocoris punctipes (Say), a predaceous lygaeid not previously documented as a whitefly predator, was tested in the laboratory as a natural enemy of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Its stalking behavior with whiteflies as prey was similar to that observed with aphids. A previously unobserved behavior was noted that involves the predators using salivary secretions to fasten the wings of prey to various surfaces, allowing labial probing and feeding. Prey consumption as a function of prey number appeared to follow the pattern of the Holling type II functional response. Handling time per prey item ranged from about 180 to 240 seconds. No changes were observed in handling time devoted to earlier versus later catches. Nutritional quality of whiteflies was measured using crude protein, lipids and carbohydrates as criteria. Performance, in terms of predator behavior, total daily handling time, functional response, energy budget and nutritional quality all support the hypothesis that G. punctipes is a promising candidate for biological control of sweet potato whiteflies.
Comparison of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of amorphous silicon-germanium alloys produced from hydrides and fluorides.

Amorphous silicon-germanium alloys have been prepared in the same rf glow-discharge reactor from (${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$+${\mathrm{GeH}}_{4}$) and (${\mathrm{SiF}}_{4}$+${\mathrm{GeF}}_{4}$+${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$) mixtures at substrate temperatures between 200 and 400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The principal aim of the investigation has been to discover whether preparation of these alloys from fluorides rather than from hydrides will result in better photoelectronic properties, and if so, whether the underlying cause is the substitution of fluorine for hydrogen in the alloy, or some other structure-related alteration of the material. Thus the apparatus, preparation procedures, characterizational techniques, and property measurements follow those of an earlier publication on alloys produced from hydrides alone. The only significant difference in photoelectronic properties found has been an order-of-magnitude improvement of the photoconductivity of alloys with band gaps near 1.5 eV. Evidence is assembled to assert that fluorine substitution for hydrogen in the alloy is not the cause of the changes in photoelectronic properties, but that these are more probably related to changes in a two-phase heterostructure, which are revealed most directly by transmission electron microscopy. A two-phase, two-transport-path model is proposed to explain the improved photoconductivity obtained with the fluoride-derived alloys.
Self-Assembly of TOPO-Derivatized Silver Nanoparticles into Multilayered Film

A novel method for transferring silver nanoparticles from aqueous solution into organic solvents such as toluene or hexane was developed. Phase-transfer reagent, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, TOPO, provides a capping shell around Ag particles that enables concentrating nanoparticle dispersion in toluene, which is a prerequisite for successful 3D self-assembly. The dispersed particles are stable for a long period of time (at least six months). Self-assembly of high concentrations of TOPO-capped Ag particles results in a multilayered mirrorlike film formed onto glass substrates. SEM images reveal a fine-grained film consisting of 10-nm close-packed particles. The surface plasmon absorption of the 3D structure is 100 nm red-shifted compared to that of isolated particles in toluene solution, and is a result of interparticle coupling of dielectric functions of particles in near proximity. Redispersing of particles from the 3D film into toluene solution revealed a spectrum of silver particles virtually identical ...
Generating binary trees of bounded height

We present a new encoding scheme for binary trees with n internal nodes whose heights are bounded by a given value h, h≧⌈log2(n +1)1⌉. The scheme encodes the internal nodes of the tree level by level and enables us to develop an algorithm for generating all binary trees within this class in a certain predetermined order. Specifically, the trees are generated in decreasing height and for trees of the same height they are generated in lexicographically increasing order. The algorithm can be easily generalized to encompass t-ary trees with bounded height. It is then shown that the average generation time per tree is constant (independent of n and h).