cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage and sentinel headache-A case report.

Objectives/background Expand the differential diagnosis of sentinel headache to include spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) and reinforce the need for lumbar puncture in the evaluation of thunderclap headache. SSEH is a rare clinical presentation especially in the absence of bleeding tendencies. Clinicians recognize SSEH with typical presenting signs and symptoms including regional paraspinal muscular contraction and pain along with myelopathy. Although thunderclap headache usually does not connote vascular rupture in the spinal epidural compartment, SSEH may rarely present with sentinel headache and later evolve into a myelopathy. Results and conclusion Sentinel headache may be the sole symptom following spontaneous spinal epidural hemorrhage preceding both myelopathic and meningeal signs and symptoms. SSEH can best be diagnosed by lumbar puncture at this early moment potentially averting spinal cord injury.
A meta-analysis on the influence of gamification in formal educational settings on affective and behavioral outcomes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gamification used in formal educational settings on student affective and behavioral outcomes. Using systematic procedures to identify and screen the manuscripts across 18 academic databases, we identified 13 studies with behavioral outcomes and 19 studies with affective outcomes employing gamification in educational settings. These manuscripts accounted for a total of N = 1974 (n = 987 in gamification, n = 987 in control) participants in the affective model, and N = 1596 (n = 760 in gamification, n = 836 in control) in the behavioral model. Employing random-effects models, we calculated two statistically significant medium overall effect sizes for affective outcomes at g = .574 [.384, .764] and for behavioral outcomes at g = .740 [.465, 1.014]. We also examined 14 different gamification design elements (e.g., leaderboards, badges, etc.) as moderators to pinpoint the conditions in which gamification may be effective. Additionally, we examined contextual elements as moderators, including the discipline, student level, and publication source. Publication bias was not identified as a threat to either the affective or behavioral model. We also provide a discussion of our findings, limitations, and suggestions for future research.
Elliptic Modules: Geometric Definition

The definition in Chap. 3of elliptic modules as A−structures on the additive group \({\mathbb{G}}_{a,K}\) over a field K over A has a natural generalization in which the field K, that is, the scheme SpecK, is replaced by an arbitrary scheme S over A and \({\mathbb{G}}_{a,K}\) is replaced by an invertible (locally free rank one) sheaf \(\mathbb{G}\) over S (equivalently a line bundle over S). An elliptic module of rank r over S will then be defined as an A−structure on \(\mathbb{G}\) which becomes an elliptic module of rank r over K for any field K over S (thus SpecK→S). For our purposes it suffices to consider only affine schemes S and elliptic modules defined by means of a trivial line bundle \(\mathbb{G}\) alone.
Toward a model op human game playing

This paper presents an overview of a game playing model which is based on human perceptual and problem solving abilities. The representation of games, acquisition of rules, learning of strategies, and selection of moves are outlined. Details of move selection, includin scanning of the board, use of familiar patterns to suggest move candidates, evaluation of moves, and lookahead are described. Finally, there is a discussion of the means by which the model learns to play a better game.
Theory and Method in the Study of Buddhism: Toward ‘Translocative’ Analysis

Focusing on theory and method in the study of U.S. Buddhism, this article analyzes the subfield’s interpretive categories and theoretical assumptions during each of its four phases. A new phase opened in 2000, and no single theory or method has emerged as predominant, just as few scholars have scrutinized the moral implications of their frameworks. Most prevailing interpretive models, which are borrowed from scholars not trained in religious studies, remain indifferent or hostile to religious practice, or specialists draw on models from religious studies that commit the interpreter to a static and bounded notion of culture that offers little aid to those who want to study the dynamics of religious practice in the era of global flows. Further, whether the guiding models are derived from religious studies or not, the models’ moral implications are not always examined. The emergent concerns of the subfield, in other words, are not well served by the available theories of religion and the usual methodological prescriptions. To address that problem, in this essay I propose one possible framework for the ‘translocative’—not international, transnational, or global—study of Buddhism.
Cardiac conduction abnormalities and congenital immunodeficiency in a child with Kabuki syndrome: Case report

Background Since it's recognition in 1981, a more complete phenotype of Kabuki syndrome is becoming evident as additional cases are identified. Congenital heart defects and a number of visceral abnormalities have been added to the typical dysmorphic features originally described.
Isotherm Equations for Starch, Sucrose and Salt for Calculation of High System Water Activities

The mass balance equations previously developed for formulated foods were extended to the starch-sucrose-salt system at high aw. For starch, the Smith isotherm was extrapolated; sucrose and salt data were divided into two aw regions below and above 0.925 with the second region extrapolated on the Smith isotherm to 0.9998 aw. Isotherm parameters and aw calculated for representative mixtures were determined. Comparison of the calculated values with those measured by the isopiestic method showed a correlation coefficient of 0.968.
Americanism in the Twenty-First Century: Public Opinion in the Age of Immigration

This book explores public opinion about being and becoming American, and its implications for contemporary immigration debates. It focuses on the causes and consequences of two aspects of American identity: how people define being American and whether people think of themselves primarily as American rather than as members of a panethnic or national origin group. Importantly, the book evaluates the claim – made by scholars and pundits alike – that all Americans should prioritize their American identity instead of an ethnic or national origin identity. It finds that national identity within American democracy can be a blessing or a curse. It can enhance participation, trust, and obligation. But it can be a curse when perceptions of deviation lead to threat and resentment. It can also be a curse for minorities who are attached to their American identity but also perceive discrimination.
System software framework for system of systems avionics

Project Constellation implements NASA's vision for space exploration to expand human presence in our solar system. The engineering focus of this project is developing a system of systems architecture. This architecture allows for the incremental development of the overall program. Systems can be built and connected in a "Lego style" manner to generate configurations supporting various mission objectives. The development of the avionics or control systems of such a massive project will result in concurrent engineering. Also, each system will have software and the need to communicate with other (possibly heterogeneous) systems. Fortunately, this design problem has already been solved during the creation and evolution of systems such as the Internet and the Department of Defense's successful effort to standardize distributed simulation (now IEEE 1516). The solution relies on the use of a standard layered software framework and a communication protocol. A standard framework and communication protocol is suggested for the development and maintenance of Project Constellation systems. The ARINC 653 standard is a great start for such a common software framework. This paper proposes a common system software framework that uses the Real Time Publish/Subscribe protocol for framework-to-framework communication to extend ARINC 653. It is highly recommended that such a framework be established before development. This is important for the success of concurrent engineering. The framework provides an infrastructure for general system services and is designed for flexibility to support a spiral development effort.
Tap water burns in handicapped children.

The original tap water burn series included three handicapped children, but the extent of their special risk of injury was not appreciated or emphasized. 1 When I (K.W.F.) presented that burn series to the medical staff at Children9s Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, my colleagues in the handicapped children9s clinic suggested the possible increased risk to their patients because of their anesthesia and motor dysfunction. In September 1978, we sent letters to the 730 families of those clinic patients informing them that tap water can cause severe burns and that their children might be at a greater risk of injury. We suggested that they set back their water heater thermostats to 49 to 54 C (120 to 130 F).
Laboratory control implementations for doubly-fed machines

Brushless doubly-fed machines attempt to achieve the benefits of adjustable speed drives while minimizing power converter rating and cost. However, since only one set of stator windings is controllable, control of the resulting motor drive is potentially more complex than for conventional singly-fed systems. While the doubly-fed machine system is open-loop stable, dynamic response and steady state performance can be far from optimum in the open-loop mode of operation. This has prompted the development of closed-loop control algorithms ranging from simple stabilizing speed feedback and power factor adjustment to fast, predictive torque control based on instantaneous error. The present paper discusses the laboratory implementation of proposed control schemes for brushless doubly-fed drives. >
“What Happens at Home Does Not Necessarily Stay at Home”: The Relationship of Observed Negative Couple Interaction With Physical Health, Mental Health, and Work Satisfaction

Using data from a sample of 281 couples (the Flourishing Families data set), the authors tested a systemic theoretical model that examined the relationship among observed marital interaction, physical and mental health, and work satisfaction. The results showed that negative marital interaction was associated with significantly lower work satisfaction and poorer health for men. Higher negative marital interaction scores were significantly related to elevated depression scores for both women and men. For both men and women, negative couple interaction was associated with work satisfaction through depression and health. Overall, 34% of the variance in work satisfaction for men and 24% for the women was explained by the model. The results suggest that marriage-to-work spillover can be costly for families, organizations, and governments.
The Berkeley Piggyback SETI Program: Serendip II

The Berkeley SETI system, SERENDIP (an acronym: Search for Extraterrestrial Radio Emission from Nearby Developed Intelligent Populations), enables continuous observing on large radio telescopes without requiring dedicated telescope time. In this system, data being collected as part of the ongoing astronomical observing program are processed automatically in a search for narrow band signals which are highly unlikely to be of astronomical origin. Any such signals detected are noted, along with relevant observational data, for further study.
Self-validating branch-based software watermarking

Software protection is an area of active research in which a variety of techniques have been developed to address the issue. Examples of such techniques are software watermarking, code obfuscation, and tamper detection. In this paper we present a novel dynamic software watermarking algorithm which incorporates ideas from code obfuscation and tamper detection. Our technique simultaneously provides proof of ownership and the capability to trace the source of the illegal redistribution. It additionally provides a solution for distributing pre-packaged, fingerprinted software which is linked to the consumer. Our technique is specific to programs compiled for the x86 Intel architecture, however, we have proposed an extension for use on Java bytecode.
Intake of Nutrients and Food Sources of Nutrients among the Navajo: Findings from the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey

Diet has been implicated in the etiology of chronic diseases in many populations, including the Navajo and other American Indian tribes. This report describes the current nutrient intake of the Navajo and identifies the primary food sources of key nutrients. In the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey, interviewers obtained single 24-h diet recalls from 946 nonpregnant participants age 12-91 between October 1991 and December 1992. Among various sex and age groups, total fat contributed 33-35% of energy and saturated fat contributed 10-11% of energy in the diets. Median fiber intake was 11-14 g/d. Median intakes of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B-6, folate, calcium and magnesium were below sex- and age-specific recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for men and women of all age groups. Intake of vitamin C was below the RDA for men and women age 20 and older. Median iron intake was below the RDA for women under age 60. Fruits and vegetables were each consumed less than once per day per person, as were dairy products. Fry bread and Navajo tortillas, home-fried potatoes, mutton, bacon and sausage, soft drinks, coffee and tea provided 41% of the energy and 15-46% of the macronutrients consumed. Recommendations to increase the intake of essential micronutrients in the Navajo diet are presented.
Stereochemistry of binding of thiophosphate analogs of ATP and ADP to carbamate kinase, glutamine synthetase, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase.

Abstract Thiophosphate analogs of adenine nucleotides were used to establish the absolute stereochemistry of nucleotide substrates in the reactions of carbamate kinase ( Streptococcus faecalis ), unadenylylated glutamine synthetase ( Escherichia coli ), and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase ( E. coli ). 31 P NMR was used to determine that carbamate kinase uses the B isomer of Ado-5′-(2-thioPPP) in the presence of Mg 2+ . The stereospecificity of the reaction with carbamate kinase was not reversed by Cd 2+ suggesting that the metal ion does not bind to the β-phosphoryl group or that both Mg 2+ and Cd 2+ bind to the sulfur atom. Carbamate kinase uses both A and B isomers of Ado-5′-(1-thioPP) with Mg 2+ and Cd 2+ . We have previously reported that carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase uses the A isomer of Ado-5′-(2-thioPPP) at both ATP sites with Mg 2+ ( Raushel et al. , 1978 J. Biol. Chem. 253 , 6627). Current experiments show that the stereospecificity is reversed by Cd 2− and that both A and B isomers are used when Zn 2+ is present. With Ado-5′-(1-thioPPP), the B isomer is used with Mg 2+ , the A isomer with Cd 2+ , and both isomers with Zn 2+ . Neither carbamate kinase nor carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase utilized Co(III)(NH 3 ) 4 ATP as a substrate and thus we can only speculate that the Δ chelate ring configuration is the chelate structure utilized by carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (based on the analogy between thiophosphate-ATP analogs and Co 3+ -ATP analogs utilized by hexokinase ( E. K. Jaffe, and M. Cohn, 1978 Biochemistry 17 , 652). If the sulfur of the β-phosphoryl of Ado-5′-(2-thioPPP) binds to the metal ion with carbamate kinase, then the Δ chelate ring is also used in this enzyme that catalyzes one of the steps in the overall reaction catalyzed by carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Glutamine synthetase reacts with the B isomer of both Ado-5′-(2-thioPPP) and Ado-5′-(1-thioPPP) in the presence of Mg 2+ . When Co 2+ is used with this enzyme the A and B isomers of both thio-ATP compounds are substrates. Co(III)(NH 3 ) 4 ATP is not a substrate for glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is therefore different from the two previously mentioned enzymes in that it used the opposite A ring configuration for the metal-ATP chelate.
Risk and Reliability Formulas for Systems Security Under Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions

ABSTRACT: This paper develops comprehensive formulas for assessing the risk and reliability of “Systems Security” under the Dempster‐Shafer theory of belief functions, using the Trust Services framework as proposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA). In addition, we discuss how these formulas can be used for planning and evaluation of “Systems Security” risk under the SysTrust services. The analytical formulas are derived for a tree‐structured evidential diagram which is constructed by converting the exact network‐structured evidential diagram. The use of an analytical formula eliminates the computational complexities of propagating beliefs in a network and allows the assurance provider to use a simple spreadsheet to combine evidence. We provide theoretical justification and perform sensitivity analyses to show that the analytical formula based on a tree‐type evidential diagram is a good approximation of the exact networ...
Airborne Measurements of Wave Growth for Stable and Unstable Atmospheres in Lake Michigan

Abstract This paper presents the results of a joint program combining airborne laser profilometer and Waverider buoy measurements of synoptic wave conditions in Lake Michigan during the passage of an intense cold front. Measurements were made both before and after passage of the front under different atmospheric stabilities. The results demonstrate the distinctive role stability plays in wave growth processes. Specifically, it is evident that the wind speed and fetch distance required to generate the same wave conditions are less for an unstable atmosphere than for a stable atmosphere. Therefore, an unstable atmosphere is usually accompanied by higher waves for the same 10 m winds. Fetch-limited wave growth is seen to follow stable or unstable quasi-equilibrium relations between corresponding wave-energy and peak-energy frequency parameters. Synoptic wave height maps for Lake Michigan have been prepared from the measured data.
Embedded is the new paradigm(s)

Embedded computing moved beyond toasters quite some time ago, but there are still misconceptions about what embedded computers do. Some of those misconceptions come from an old-fashioned view of what a computer is.
Accumulation of Succinimide in a Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody in Mildly Acidic Buffers Under Elevated Temperatures

The purpose of this paper was to identify the location of a succinimide and determine the rate of its formation and hydrolysis in a recombinant human monoclonal IgG2 antibody aged in mildly acidic buffers at elevated temperatures. Cation exchange (CEX) HPLC separated multiple Main Peaks and high levels (up to 50%) of basic variants, the identification of which was an analytical challenge and required several complementary techniques. The relative abundance of the CEX basic variants was used to quantify the percentage of succinimide and to study the rates of its formation and hydrolysis. Mass decrease by approximately 18 Da for intact antibodies from the CEX basic fractions suggested succinimide formation from aspartic acid as the major modification. Reversed-phase HPLC/MS of the reduced and trypsin-digested samples detected an isoaspartate 30 (isoD30) in the light chain peptide A25-R37. Direct evidence that isoD30 was from succinimide was obtained by performing succinimide hydrolysis in % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX % garmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wz % aebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaq % Fr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qq % Q8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaeaaakeaaca % qGibWaaSbaaSqaaiaabkdaaeqaaOWaaWraaSqabeaacaqGXaGaaeio % aaaakiaab+eaaaa!3BBF! $$ {\text{H}}_{{\text{2}}} {}^{{{\text{18}}}}{\text{O}}$$ followed by tryptic digestion in % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX % garmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wz % aebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaq % Fr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qq % Q8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaeaaakeaaca % qGibWaaSbaaSqaaiaabkdaaeqaaOWaaWraaSqabeaacaqGXaGaaeOn % aaaakiaab+eaaaa!3BBD! $$ {\text{H}}_{{\text{2}}} {}^{{{\text{16}}}}{\text{O}}$$ . Succinimide formation increased as pH became more acidic, whereas its hydrolysis was faster as pH became neutral and alkaline. Succinimide hydrolysis in a denatured sample was estimated to have completed in less than 2 h, but approximately three days for a similar pH but without denaturant. These observations suggest that protein conformation affects succinimide hydrolysis.
TGF-beta induced transdifferentiation of mammary epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells: involvement of type I receptors.

The secreted polypeptide transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exerts its multiple activities through type I and II cell surface receptors. In epithelial cells, activation of the TGF-beta signal transduction pathways leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production. TGF-beta is widely expressed during development and its biological activity has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, e.g., in branching morphogenesis of the lung, kidney, and mammary gland, and in inductive events between mammary epithelium and stroma. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TGF-beta on mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro. TGF-beta reversibly induced an alteration in the differentiation of normal mammary epithelial NMuMG cells from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotype. The change in cell morphology correlated with (a) decreased expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin, ZO-1, and desmoplakin I and II; (b) increased expression of mesenchymal markers, such as fibronectin; and (c) a fibroblast-like reorganization of actin fibers. This phenotypic differentiation displays the hallmarks of an epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation event. Since NMuMG cells make high levels of the type I TGF-beta receptor Tsk7L, yet lack expression of the ALK-5/R4 type I receptor which has been reported to mediate TGF-beta responsiveness, we evaluated the role of the Tsk7L receptor in TGF-beta-mediated transdifferentiation. We generated NMuMG cells that stably overexpress a truncated Tsk7L type I receptor that lacks most of the cytoplasmic kinase domain, thus function as a dominant negative mutant. These transfected cells no longer underwent epithelial to mesenchymal morphological change upon exposure to TGF-beta, yet still displayed some TGF-beta-mediated responses. We conclude that TGF-beta has the ability to modulate E-cadherin expression and induce a reversible epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation in epithelial cells. Unlike other transdifferentiating growth factors, such as bFGF and HGF, these changes are accompanied by growth inhibition. Our results also implicate the Tsk7L type I receptor as mediating the TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
The dynamo effect in fusion plasmas

A set of reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations for mean and fluctuating fields is derived and applied to the dynamo effect in reversed field pinch (RFP) and tokamak plasmas. There are two dynamo effects, the first arising from mean field equilibrium, and the second from the fluctuations. The dynamo effect does not drive a net current in steady state. The quasilinear dynamo caused both by growing and stationary tearing modes is calculated and found to be consistent with field reversal in RFP’s. Numerical solutions of the equations are presented, which are in qualitative agreement with experiment and other computations.
Physical association of ubiquitin ligases and the 26S proteasome

The ubiquitin (Ub) system recognizes degradation signals of the target proteins through the E3 components of E3-E2 Ub ligases. A targeted substrate bears a covalently linked multi-Ub chain and is degraded by the ATP-dependent 26S proteasome, which consists of the 20S core protease and two 19S particles. The latter mediate the binding and unfolding of a substrate protein before its transfer to the interior of the 20S core. It is unclear how a targeted substrate is delivered to the 26S proteasome, inasmuch as Rpn10p, the only known proteasomal subunit that binds multi-Ub chains, has been found to he not essential for degradation of many proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show that Ubr1p and Ufd4p, the E3 components of two distinct Ub ligases, directly interact with the 26S proteasome. Specifically, Ubr1p is shown to bind to the Rpn2p, Rpt1p, and Rpt6p proteins of the 19S particle, and Ufd4p is shown to bind to Rpt6p. These and related results suggest that a substrate-bound Ub ligase participates in the delivery of substrates to the proteasome, because of affinity between the ligase's E3 component and specific proteins of the 19S particle.
Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: unique histopathological findings in skin lesions.

Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited, multisystem disease thought to be caused by abnormalities in desmosomes and gap junctions. HMD affects the skin, mucosae, hair, eyes and lungs. Nearly all patients clinically display the triad of non-scarring alopecia, well-demarcated mucosal erythema and erythematous intertriginous plaques. Although histopathological findings of mucous membrane epithelium have been well characterized, only three reports have described histopathologic findings in the skin. We report a case with unique histopathological findings not previously reported in HMD. Leithauser LA, Mutasim DF. Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: unique histopathological findings in skin lesions.
One- and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect studies of the electronic/molecular structure of the heme cavity of ferricytochrome b5.

A nuclear Overhauser effect, NOE, study of solubilized native bovine ferricytochrome b5 has provided the complete assignment of the heme resonances as well as those of the majority of the amino acid side-chains making contact with the prosthetic group. The resonances which could not be identified are those from positions very close to the iron (< 5A) for which paramagnetic relaxation is sufficiently strong to significantly decrease the NOEs. The observed1H-1H dipolar contacts generally confirm a solution structure unchanged from that described in single crystals, except for the detailed orientation of the heme side-chains. The 2-vinyl group is found in both the cis and trans in-plane orientation as opposed to exclusively cis in the crystal, and the 7-propionate group is rotated by 30° in solution towards the 6-propionate group. Identification of resonances for the individual axial histidine residues indicates non-equivalent interaction with the heme iron, and the patterns of meso-H, pyrrole substituent and amino acid dipolar shifts allow the location of the principal magnetic axes in the protein coordinate system. This identifies His-39 as the dominant influence in determining the electronic ground state that orients the molecular orbital for facile electron transfer via the exposed heme edge. The complete two-dimensional NOESY map for ferricytochrome b5 is presented that yields all the cross peaks expected on the basis of the one-dimensional NOE studies, and indicates that such two-dimensional methods should have profitable extension to strongly hyperfine-shifted resonances in paramagnetic proteins.
Localizing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in pharmacological preconditioning's trigger pathway.

Acetylcholine (ACh) and opioid receptor agonists trigger the preconditioned phenotype through sequential activation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), Akt, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and opening of mitochondrial (mito) KATP channels with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) has recently been reported to be part of this pathway, its location has not been determined. To address this issue, we administered a 5–min pulse of ACh (550 µM) prior to 30 min of ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts. It reduced infarction from 30.4 ± 2.2% of the risk zone in control hearts to 12.3 ± 2.8% and co–administration of the MEK, and, therefore, downstream ERK inhibitor U0126 abolished protection (29.1 ± 4.6% infarction) con.rming ERK's involvement. MitoKATP opening was monitored in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes by measuring ROS production with MitoTracker Red. ROS production was increased by each of three G protein–coupled agonists: ACh (250 µM), bradykinin (BK) (500 nM), and the δ-opioid agonist DADLE (20 nM). Co–incubation with the MEK inhibitors U0126 (500 nM) or PD 98059 (10 µM) blocked the increased ROS production seen with all three agonists. Direct activation of its receptor by EGF increased ROS production and PD 98059 blocked that increase, thus placing ERK downstream of the EGF receptor. Desferoxamine (DFO) which opens mitoKATP through direct activation of NOS also increased ROS. PD 98059 could not block DFO–induced ROS production, placing ERK upstream of NOS. In isolated hearts, ACh caused phosphorylation of both Akt and ERK. U0126 blocked phosphorylation of ERK but not of Akt. The PI3–K inhibitor wortmannin blocked both. Together these data indicate that ERK is located between Akt and NOS.
Rapid Growth in Transition Economies: Panel Regression Approach

This paper analytically explores and empirically tests a number of hypotheses to explain the rapid growth in transition economies. The paper finds that growth in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) has been higher because of the recovery of lost output, progress in macroeconomic stabilization and market reforms, and favorable external conditions. Some of these factors are unlikely to continue for a very long time. The challenge is to improve the investment climate in the non-primary sectors, which will require broadening the scope of macroeconomic reform into a second generation of reforms encompassing structural and institutional areas.
A high-performance monolithic instrumentation amplifier

Differential input with high CMR and input impedance has been achieved with single resistor gain selection on a monolithic chip by combination of a differential input/ single-ended output and differential input/differential output amplifier in a current feedback loop.
Whither Axiomatic Field Theory

We survey some recent progress in constructing models of local, relativistic quantum mechanics. These field-theory models have nontrivial scattering.
Toward a complete analysis of GSR data

A critique of amplitude analyses in GSR conditioning is discussed. It was pointed out that, when amplitudes are properly analyzed with all Ss contributing equally to each repeated measures point, the concern of latency interval, definition of response probability, and distribution of GSR amplitudes are concerns which apply to analyses of magnitude, probability, and latency, as well as of amplitude. It was concluded that nothing is lost in separating magnitude into its amplitude and probability components, particularly when magnitude, as well, is included in the statistical analyses, and that, to the contrary, we stand to learn something by such a partitioning which could not be learned without it.
Divergence of premating behaviors in the closely related species Drosophila subquinaria and D. recens

Most animal species use distinctive courship patterns to choose among potential mates. Over time, the sensory signaling and preferences used during courtship can diverge among groups that are reproductively isolated. This divergence of signal traits and preferences is thought to be an important cause of behavioral isolation during the speciation process. Here, we examine the sensory modalities used in courtship by two closely related species, Drosophila subquinaria and Drosophila recens, which overlap in geographic range and are incompletely reproductively isolated. We use observational studies of courtship patterns and manipulation of male and female sensory modalities to determine the relative roles of visual, olfactory, gustatory, and auditory signals during conspecific mate choice. We find that sex-specific, species-specific, and population-specific cues are used during mate acquisition within populations of D. subquinaria and D. recens. We identify shifts in both male and female sensory modalities between species, and also between populations of D. subquinaria. Our results indicate that divergence in mating signals and preferences have occurred on a relatively short timescale within and between these species. Finally, we suggest that because olfactory cues are essential for D. subquinaria females to mate within species, they may also underlie variation in behavioral discrimination across populations and species.
Prototype selection rule for neural network training

Rules to select a set of training prototypes from a collection of training prototypes are developed so that a neural network classifier converges to a solution when pattern classes overlap in feature space. The formulation of the selection rules are based on distortion measure and the network response to the training prototype collection. The rules are also especially useful for selecting training prototypes in order to improve the network robustness and operational flexibility by retraining the network with noisy prototypes. The application and effectiveness of the selection rules are demonstrated on a synthetic pattern classification in Gaussian noise problem and a practical automatic target recognition problem.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
RECOGNIZING NOISY PATTERNS VIA ITERATIVE OPTIMIZATION AND MATCHING OF THEIR DESCRIPTIONS

This paper presents an approach to the recognition of noisy patterns. We assume that learned concept descriptions contain noisy components. These descriptions can be optimized to gain better performance through the elimination of some less significant noisy components. Parametric control of such an optimization, however, is very difficult and a parameter value has to be found through the training process. This value can change over concept variations and time, and in consequence, it can decrease the system recognition effectiveness. We found that the classification decision can be based on the dynamic characteristics of the recognition curve acquired over increasing degree of optimization. In this approach, the optimization and matching steps are repeated iteratively. The dynamic characteristics of recognition curves are completed and a pattern of each recognition curve is labeled. For a given set of test data, the system selects recognition curves of uptrend patterns (when the recognition rate increases with the increase of the optimization degree), and the final classification is made for the class which has the highest recognition rates among selected uptrend recognition curves. Thus, the method classifies data based on a series of matches that determines the behavior of the recognition curve instead of the traditional single match. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated on the example of specially prepared very noisy texture attributes.
Study of light mesons on the transverse lattice

We present results from a study of light meson spectra and structure obtained within the framework of light-front QCD formulated on a transverse lattice. We discuss how imposing Lorentz covariance conditions on meson dispersion relations allows determination of parameters in the transverse lattice Hamiltonian. The pion distribution amplitude obtained in this framework is rather close to its asymptotic shape.
Mobile Metadata for Web-Based Image Query Services

Photographic observations of the night sky can best be presented using a data model that conveys the observations, analysis, objects contained with the observations, and results of analysis pertaining to those objects. Such a model is proposed in this paper and it is referred to as the internet Flexible Image Transport System (iFITS), along with a mapping function to transform instances of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 1 (DR1) to instances of iFITS, and a hybrid light-weight marshaling method to transfer DR1 data to the implementation of iFITS. iFITS is implemented as a mobile code agent that supports client-based image retrieval in web-based mobile computing environments. The implementation of iFITS was tested against the Image Query Service of SDSS Data Release 6 and the Revised Image Query Service recently proposed. The experiments results reported show a three-fold speedup for iFITS.
Tongue-thrusting patterns and the lower incisors

Abstract In summary, the lingual patterns of three patients have been reviewed. These three patients were referred with a diagnosis of tongue thrusting. When their lingual patterns were compared with those of other patients referred because of tongue thrusting, it was noticed that their patterns were somewhat different. This aspect was reviewed with the aid of cinefluorographic tracings, orthodontic study models, and photographs of the relationship between upper and lower central incisors. Different therapeutic aspects were also discussed.
Ferrocene catalyzed carbon nanotube formation in carbonaceous solid

Carbon nanotubes are formed in a carbonaceous solid from thermal decomposition of various amounts of 1,4-diferrocenylbutadiyne in the presence of an excess amount of a multi(ethynyl)aromatic compou...
The genetic basis of renal epithelial tumors: advances in research and its impact on prognosis and therapy.

The genetics of renal cell carcinoma continues to elucidate the pathways of kidney tumorigenesis. The relationship between the VHL gene and clear cell carcinoma, MET and papillary carcinoma, and the families of genes that they regulate, continues to be unraveled. New hereditary kidney cancer syndrom
The relationship between psychopathology and smoking cessation treatment response

The study evaluated the relationship of psychopathology to treatment response of 208 smokers prescribed transdermal nicotine (8 weeks). Participants were relatively high functioning (DSM-IV axis V score) outpatients in a university-based clinic. The primary study objective was to determine whether patients with a history of either a DSM-IV axis I or II diagnosis would have poorer during treatment response (patch adherence, smoking) and lower rates of smoking cessation at post-patch follow-up (study weeks 9, 26, 52) than those without a diagnosis. While there was some indication that patients with a history of psychopathology wore the patch less frequently, psychopathology was not associated with during- and post-treatment smoking.
Inhibition of NFkB DNA binding activity by glucocorticoids in rat brain

The influence of glucocorticoids on the transcription factor NFkB was investigated by using the gel mobility shift assay with nuclear extracts prepared from rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus after a variety of in vivo treatments. Following stimulation with each of three treatments, kainate, pilocarpine, or lithium plus pilocarpine-induced seizures, NFkB DNA binding activity was significantly greater in the cortex and hippocampus from adrenalectomized than from adrenal-intact rats. These results indicate that in rat brain glucocorticoids inhibit NFkB activity in addition to the previously reported inhibition of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein 1). Impairment of stimulus-induced transcription factor activity may contribute to the deleterious effects of prolonged elevations of glucocorticoids on neuronal function.
Who gets to know what when: configuring privacy permissions in an awareness application

We report on a study (N=36) of user preferences for balancing awareness with privacy. Participants defined permissions for sharing of location, availability, calendar information and instant messaging (IM) activity within an application called mySpace. MySpace is an interactive visualization of the physical workplace that provides dynamic information about people, places and equipment. We found a significant preference for defining privacy permissions at the group level. While "family" received high levels of awareness sharing, interestingly, "team" was granted comparable levels during business hours at work. Surprisingly, presenting participants with a detailed list of all pieces of personal context to which the system had access, did not result in more conservative privacy settings. Although location was the most sensitive aspect of awareness, participants were comfortable disclosing room-level location information to their team members at work. Our findings suggest utilizing grouping mechanisms to balance privacy control with configuration burden, and argue for increased system transparency to build trust.
Hematologic masquerade of rhabdomyosarcoma

We present the case of a 12-year-old boy admitted with the diagnosis of acute leukemia, but found to have an infiltration of the marrow by an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) as determined by the cytogenetic demonstration of a t(2;13)(q25;q14). A primary tumor could not be found. With this case as a basis, we have tabulated features of all similar cases in the literature and discuss the possible optimal approaches to establishing the correct diagnosis in such patients.
A role for tumor protein TPD52 phosphorylation in endo-membrane trafficking during cytokinesis

Tumor protein D52 is expressed at high levels in exocrine cells containing large secretory granules where it regulates Ca(2+)-dependent protein secretion; however, D52 expression is also highly induced in multiple cancers. The present study investigated a role for the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation of D52 at the single major phospho-acceptor site serine 136 on cell division. Ectopic expression of wild type D52 (D52wt) and the phosphomutants serine 136/alanine (S136A) or serine 136/glutamate (S136/E) resulted in significant multinucleation of cells. D52wt and S136/E each resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase in multinucleated cells compared to plasmid-transfected controls whereas the S136/A phospho-null mutant caused a 9-fold increase in multinucleation at 48h post-transfection. Electron microscopy revealed D52 expression induced a marked accumulation of vesicles along the mid-line between nuclei where the final stages of cell abscission normally occurs. Supporting this, D52wt strongly colocalized on vesicular structures containing the endosomal regulatory protein vesicle associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP 8) and this colocalization significantly increased with elevations in cellular Ca(2+). As VAMP 8 is known to be necessary for the endo-membrane fusion reactions that mediate the final stages of cytokinesis, these data indicate that D52 expression and phosphorylation at serine 136 play an important role in supporting the Ca(2+)-dependent membrane trafficking events necessary for cytokinesis in rapidly proliferating cancer cells.
Plasma impedance measurements at the lower hybrid frequency

Abstract Plasma impedance measurements have been made in the frequency range around the lower hybrid frequency, by plotting the complex reflection coefficient as the frequency was varied. As demonstrated by comparison with the calculated values of the lower hybrid frequency, this inherently non-perturbing technique is a sensitive indication of the occurrence of lower hybrid resonance in the plasma.
Antioxidant changes and sensory properties of carrot puree processed with and without periderm tissue.

Carrot purees were thermally processed with and without the periderm tissue after a long and short blanch time, with and without vacuum deaeration treatments. Samples were stored at an elevated temperature (40 °C for 4 weeks) to determine physicochemical changes affecting antioxidant activity (AOX), as measured by the coupled oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid assay, and overall quality characteristics. Differences in AOX between treatments before thermal processing and during storage were associated with increased levels of phenolic acids and the subsequent development of numerous compounds thought to be oxidation products of phenolic acids. Samples processed with periderm tissue contained higher levels of phenolic acids, total carotenoids, and sugars than samples processed without periderm tissue. Strained carrot color was adversely affected by a long blanch time compared to a short blanch in treatments with and without periderm tissue, indicating improved color with reduced preprocessing heating...
Accuracy of a finite-difference method for computing lake currents☆

Abstract A semi-analytic model is used to assess the accuracy of a finite-difference model for computing lake currents. Both models solve the vorticity equation for two-dimensional, time-dependent flow to compute currents in a circular lake with a parabolic depth profile. The semi-analytic solution is obtained by using separation of variables to remove the azimuthal dependence and reduce the equations in cylindrical coordinates to a single equation in two variables, time and radius. This equation is then solved by a finite-difference technique for grid sizes small enough that the solution appears to converge. Comparison with the rectangular finite-difference solution shows a strong improvement in accuracy with decreasing grid size. It is found that about 20 grid points across a lake basin are required to adequately resolve winddriven flow.
DIFFERENCES IN FAMILY INFLUENCES ON COLLEGE ATTENDANCE PLANS FOR MALE AND FEMALE NINTH GRADERS

This study examined a model of college student choice for male and female ninth graders using LISREL. A sample of 703 male students and 718 female students and their parents responded to two sets of questionnaires regarding high school experiences and expectations about college. Endogenous variables examined included parents' expectation regarding higher education for their children, parents' savings for college, students' discussion of college with their parents, and students' aspiration for postsecondary education. The model explained 30.8% of the variance in students' aspiration for males and 36.8% for females. Final empirical models for the two groups suggested that there may be subtle differences in family influence on male and female students' college-going plans.
Come on Down ... The Prize Is Right in Your Classroom.

ABSTRACT The Price is Right (TPIR) is a rich source of examples of applied probability, combinatorics, and game theory. While some of the games played on stage by individual contestants stress a knowledge of pricing, many are also heavily based on probability. TPIR stage games are a treasury of interesting modules that can be effective learning tools in a wide range of classrooms, from Liberal Arts and Mathematics Education classes to Discrete Mathematics and Upper-level Probability classes. We will show how students explore important mathematics and improve their problem-solving skills by analyzing some of these games. Because these examples are drawn from a familiar source, they provide special motivation for study, and often reduce math anxiety. After a general discussion of how these games can be adapted for classroom use, we will explore two different pricing games, PLINKO and Money Game, each of which has its own mathematical and pedagogical value.