cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Valproic Acid Use, a Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, and Melanoma Risk.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors, including valproic acid, selectively induce cellular differentiation and apoptosis in melanoma cells. No published pharmacoepidemiologic studies have explored the association between valproic acid use and melanoma risk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult white Kaiser Permanente Northern California members (n = 2,213,845) from 1997 to 2012 to examine the association between valproic acid use and melanoma risk. Melanoma hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, calendar year, and healthcare use. Melanoma incidence was lower among exposed individuals (64.0 exposed vs. 96.2 unexposed per 100,000 person-years, P
A rapid, sensitive, scalable method for Precision Run-On sequencing (qPRO-seq)

Abstract Tracking active transcription with the nuclear run-on (NRO) assays has been instrumental in uncovering mechanisms of gene regulation. The coupling of NROs with high-throughput sequencing has facilitated the discovery of previously unannotated or undetectable RNA classes genome-wide. Precision run-on sequencing (PRO-seq) is a run-on variant that maps polymerase active sites with nucleotide or near-nucleotide resolution. One main drawback to this and many other nascent RNA detection methods is the somewhat intimidating multi-day workflow associated with creating the libraries suitable for high-throughput sequencing. Here, we present an improved PRO-seq protocol where many of the enzymatic steps are carried out while the biotinylated NRO RNA remains bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. These adaptations reduce time, sample loss and RNA degradation, and we demonstrate that the resulting libraries are of the same quality as libraries generated using the original published protocol. The assay is also more sensitive which permits reproducible, high-quality libraries from 104–105 cells instead of 106–107. Altogether, the improved protocol is more tractable allows for nascent RNA profiling from small samples, such as rare samples or FACS sorted cell populations.
Novel low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with remineralization and antibacterial abilities to protect marginal enamel under biofilm.

Abstract Objectives Polymerization shrinkage stress may lead to marginal damage, microleakage and failure of composite restorations. The objectives of this study were to : (1) develop a novel nanocomposite with low-shrinkage-stress, antibacterial and remineralization properties to reduce marginal enamel demineralization under biofilms; (2) evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ion release; and (3) investigate the cytotoxicity of the new low-shrinkage-stress monomer in vitro. Methods The low-shrinkage-stress resin consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), and 3 % dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and 20 % calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP) were added. Mechanical properties, polymerization shrinkage stress, and degree of conversion were evaluated. The growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on enamel slabs with different composites was assessed. Ca and P ion releases and monomer cytotoxicity were measured. Results Composite with DMAHDM and NACP had flexural strength of 84.9 ± 10.3 MPa (n = 6), matching that of a commercial control composite. Adding 3 % DMAHDM did not negatively affect the composite ion release. Under S. mutans biofilm, the marginal enamel hardness was 1.2 ± 0.1 GPa for the remineralizing and antibacterial group, more than 2-fold the 0.5 ± 0.07 GPa for control (p 0.1). Conclusion A novel low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite was developed with remineralizing and antibacterial properties. This new composite is promising to inhibit recurrent caries at the restoration margins by reducing polymerization stress and protecting enamel hardness.
MICROSOLUÇÕES DE MONOTERPENOS BIOATIVOS PARA CONTROLE DE Escherichia coli

O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar o potencial de monoterpenos para controle de Escherichia coli. A concentracao minima inibitoria foi determinada atraves da tecnica de Disco-Difusao, utilizando a cepa E. coli ATCC 25922. O limoneno apresentou inibicao em todas as concentracoes, mas os valores de formacao de halo foram inferiores aos valores do citral. Com este trabalho pode-se perceber que a bacteria E. coli foi sensivel para ambos monoterpenos utilizados, e, mesmo em pequenas concentracoes, sao eficientes antimicrobianos, entretanto, esses resultados sao preliminares, outras metodologias serao testadas a fim de comprovar a atividade antibacteriana.
Cannula Position Confirmation before Transportation of Veno-Venous ECMO Patients is Not Necessary: A Mobile ECMO Program Experience

Purpose Mobile ECMO program supports patients with refractory acute respiratory failure deemed at high risk for transfer to an ECMO center. Transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography and/or radiographic imaging is routinely done to confirm cannula position before departure to the receiving center. We herein report the feasibility and outcomes of the first case-series with transportation of VV-ECMO patients without confirmatory imaging. Methods Adult patients who underwent mobile VV-ECMO implantation. Results 71 adult VV-ECMO recipients were included, all with dual cannula implant schema: 14 (19.7%) transferred without confirmation; median (inter-quartile range) age was 51 (18, 80) years, BMI was 33.05 (21.7, 62.8) and 43.7% were female. Baseline characteristics of patients were similar in groups with and without cannula confirmation (Table). No complications occurred during cannulation or transportation. Two cannula malpositions were identified: 1) imaging group - venous inflow was noted to course from right femoral vein to the left without flow issues and was changed at the sending center; 2) non-imaging group a “kink” in IVC cannula was noted after arrival without flow issues. Conclusion With the use of point of care ultrasound, line placement safety is drastically improved, and transportation of patients with ARDS on VV ECMO with a stable flow is feasible without cannula position confirmation. This approach can decrease resource utilization, healthcare cost and minimize out-of facility time for the implant team.
Fat Fraction Measurements Using a Three-Material Decomposition Dual-Energy CT Technique Accounting for Bone Minerals: Evaluation in a Bone Marrow Phantom Using MRI as Reference.

Conventional two-material dual-energy CT (DECT) decomposition is insufficient to model bone marrow, which contains three materials [bone minerals, red marrow (water), yellow marrow (fat)]. We explore an image-domain three-material decomposition DECT technique accounting for bone minerals in a bone-water-fat phantom. Three-material decomposition fat fraction (FF3MD) exhibited stronger correlation than two-material decomposition fat fraction (FF2MD) with FFMRI (r=0.95 vs r=0.69). With increasing bone minerals, correlation of FF3MD remained stable (r=0.81-1.02), whereas correlation of FF2MD decreased (r=0.21-0.65).
Bacteriology and Pathology of Neurotoxigenic Clostridia

Neurotoxigenic clostridia are classified in Bergey’s Manual6 as either Clostridium tetani or Clostridium botulinum. The nomenclature has been strictly determined by the kind of neurotoxin that the organisms produce. For C. tetani, the system has been satisfactory because thus far, only one phenotype of organism has been observed to produce the tetanus neurotoxin. It also remains simple in that only one serologic type of tetanus toxin has been identified. With this simplicity, it is possible to refer to organisms which have all of the same characteristics, but lack the ability to produce the neurotoxin, as nontoxigenic C. tetani. The system for naming organisms that produce botulinum neurotoxin, however, is laden with a number of problems because of the multiplicity of phenotypes and genotypes of organisms that must be included.
Pivotality of Nodes in Reachability Problems Using Avoidance and Transit Hitting Time Metrics

Reachability is crucial to many network operations in various complex networks. More often than not, however, it is not sufficient simply to know whether a source node s can reach a target node t in the network. Additional information associated with reachability such as how long or how many possible ways node s may take to reach node t. In this paper we analyze another piece of important information associated with reachability -- which we call pivotality. Pivotality captures how pivotal a role that a node k or a subset of nodes S may play in the reachability from node s to node t in a given network. We propose two important metrics, the avoidance and transit hitting times, which extend and generalize the classical notion of hitting times. We show these metrics can be computed from the fundamental matrices associated with the appropriately defined random walk transition probability matrices and prove that the classical hitting time from a source to a target can be decomposed into the avoidance and transit hitting times with respect to any third node. Through simulated and real-world network examples, we demonstrate that these metrics provide a powerful ranking tool for the nodes based on their pivotality in the reachability.
Deficiency of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase prevents angiotensin II-induced inward remodeling but not hypertrophy in cerebral arterioles (856.13)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important determinant of inward remodeling in cerebral arterioles. We examined the effect of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) deficiency on structural alterations in cere...
Alterations of Porcine Skin Acid Mucopolysaccharides in Zinc Deficiency

Zinc deficiency is overtly manifested as a dermatitis in swine; therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine possible zinc-related alterations in the metabolism of the skin acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs). Eighteen 4-week-old Yorkshire pigs were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments. Six animals were fed a semipurified, zinc-deficient, basal diet containing 20 ppm zinc. Six animals served as pair-fed controls and were fed the basal diet supplemented with 90 ppm zinc as zinc carbonate. The remaining six animals were fed the zinc-supplemented diet on and ad libitum schedule. All animals were killed after 36 days when overt deficiency symptoms were apparent in those animals fed 20 ppm zinc. Skin AMPs were isolated. Total hexosamine and galactosamine indicated no alteration in total AMPs. Fractionation of total AMPs into consitituent sulfated and nonsulfated components revealed a significant increase in hyaluronic acid. No statistical difference in sulfated AMPs was found in skin from deficient and pair-fed animals, which was in accord with an in vitro sulfur-35 uptake study.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Gestational Diabetes Prevalence and Contribution of Common Risk Factors

Background The White House, the American Heart Association, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have all recently acknowledged the need to disaggregate Asian American subgroups to better understand this heterogeneous racial group. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic differences in relative contribution of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. Methods Pregnant women in 2007–2012 were identified through California state birth certificate records and linked to the electronic health records in a large mixed-payer ambulatory care organisation in Northern California (n = 24 195). Relative risk and population attributable fraction (PAF) for specific racial/ethnic groups were calculated to assess the contributions of advanced maternal age, overweight/obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards and World Health Organization (WHO)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) body mass index cut-offs for Asians), family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status. Results GDM was most prevalent among Asian Indians (19.3%). Relative risks were similar across all race/ethnic groups. Advanced maternal age had higher PAFs in non-Hispanic whites (22.5%) and Hispanics (22.7%). Meanwhile family history (Asian Indians 22.6%, Chinese 22.9%) and foreign-borne status (Chinese 40.2%, Filipinos 30.2%) had higher PAFs in Asian subgroups. Overweight/obesity was the most important GDM risk factor for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, Asian Indians, and Filipinos when the WHO/ADA cut-off points were applied. Advanced maternal age was the only risk factor studied that was modified by race/ethnicity, with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women being more adversely affected than other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions Overweight/obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-borne status are important risk factors for GDM. The relative contributions of these risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of these risk factors.
Robust 80 V LDMOS and 100 V DECMOS in a streamlined SOI technology for analog power applications

A new 80 V SOI process is described with best in class LDMOS performance. The use of standard SOI material, deep trench isolation, a simplified process flow, and a well defined component set make this technology well suited for telecom, industrial, and automotive applications.
Restitution of the surface epithelium of the in vitro frog gastric mucosa after damage with hyperosmolar sodium chloride. Morphologic and physiologic characteristics

Abstract Frog fundic mucosas mounted in Ussing chambers between HCO 3 − -buffered nutrient and unbuffered secretory solutions were exposed to 1 M NaCl on the mucosal surface for 10 min. After washing and return to control solutions, transmucosal potential difference, short-circuit current, and tissue electrical resistance decreased markedly, but within 6 h these measurements had gradually returned to almost control values. A net luminal alkalinization occurred during the first 4 hours, changing into a net acid secretion of ~1.1 μmol · cm −2 · h −1 at 6 h. Histamine increased H + secretion in all tissues at 8 h. In seven metiamide-treated tissues, an average alkaline flux of ~0.75 μmol · cm −2 · h −1 was obtained during the first 4 h after damage, decreasing to ~0.40 μmol · cm −2 · h −1 during the ensuing 4 h. With HCO 3 − -free nutrient solution (n = 7) luminal alkalinization was decreased by about 80% 2–4 h after injury. After 1 M NaCl, the surface epithelium and gastric pit cells were destroyed and partially lifted from the gastric glands. The lamina propria between the remaining intact glands was open to the lumen or contiguous with the damaged mass of cells and mucus. During the 6 h after damage, there was a gradual process of restitution of epithelial integrity, beginning with squamous-shaped cells that appeared to be migrating from the glands and ultimately concluding with complete epithelialization by cuboidal and columnar cells. Typical junctional complexes were present between adjacent epithelial cells. The uniformity of the restoration process was such that it was possible to predict blindly in toluidine blue-stained semithin sections whether the recovery stage was short (30 min or less), intermediate (1–2 h), or advanced (4–6 h). These observations indicate that there is a very intimate correlation between the restoration of epithelial continuity and the reestablishment of secretory and electrical activity of frog gastric mucosa damaged by hypertonic NaCl in Ussing chambers.
Linguagem, sociedade e poder: coletânea de artigos

abrange um variado numero de artigos originais assinados por importantes e influentes estudiosos da linguistica contemporânea, alem de incluir trabalhos mais recentes de outros pesquisadores. Trata-se de um livro indispensavel para estudantes da disciplina, interessados em acompanhar o rapido passo com que a linguistica moderna tem se desenvolvido e observar aplicacoes da disciplina em diferentes areas do conhecimento, refletindo a influencia da linguagem em esferas distintas da experiencia humana. O livro destina-se primariamente aqueles que estao iniciando o estudo na area de linguistica, mas constitui referencia importante para quaisquer estudiosos da ciencia da linguagem. E um material que pode facilitar a organizacao de cursos na area de Sociolinguistica e Linguistica Aplicada. A estruturacao do livro em dez secoes reflete a abrangencia de seus textos componentes: cada secao e iniciada com um comentario sobre os artigos, no qual os autores apontam para termos importantes e nocoes fundamentais a serem observados nos capitulos sequenciais. Ha tambem, nessa secao introdutoria, sugestoes adicionais de leitura sobre o tema e de filmes ou documentarios que ilustram os pontos expressos nos artigos. Na primeira secao, intitulada
Summation vs. congruity in the prediction of affective responses to numerals.

(1969). Summation vs. Congruity in the Prediction of Affective Responses to Numerals. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 177-182.
Using polycrystal plasticity modeling to determine the effects of grain size and solid solution additions on individual deformation mechanisms in cast Mg alloys

Abstract The tensile and compressive yielding of cast Mg–Zn alloys, with varying grain sizes and compositions ranging from 0 to 2.3 at.% Zn, are simulated using a polycrystal plasticity model. The results are used to determine the grain size and composition dependences of the critical resolved shear stresses (CRSS) of basal slip and tensile twinning.
Severe reaction in domestic animals following the bite of Ixodes muris (Acari: Ixodidae).

Free tick identification has been offered by our laboratory since 1989, during which time >8,000 specimens have been submitted. We have noted that the bite of 1 of the less frequently identified ticks, Ixodes muris Bishopp & Smith, may be associated with a severe reaction in domestic animals characterized by extreme pain and swelling at the site and, with more complete engorgement, lethargy, anorexia, and high fever. These symptoms may be confused with other serious illness if the tick is not found. This reaction has not been seen following the bite of other species of ixodid ticks in Maine. Here we report 43 such cases, most involving dogs and cats from which ticks were removed by veterinarians and submitted to our laboratory for identification. Although I. muris was initially widespread in the United States and eastern Canada, its current range is unclear. In view of the potential for severe reaction to the bite of I. muris, the current distribution of the tick needs better definition, as does the mechanism of this response in animals that are unnatural hosts.
Boundary-layer combustion in propulsion

A review and discussion of the general status of propulsion-oriented, subsonic, boundarylayer combustion research is presented. Because propulsion applications usually imply high rates of surface-mass addition and high Reynolds Numbers, the paper is confined primarily to turbulent boundary layer combustion considerations. Within this realm, diffusion-limited combustion has received the greatest attention and is the only case for which a relatively complete theoretical description is available. This theory is summarized in some detail, and its capabilities and limitations are demonstrated through comparisons with data for the simple Plexiglas-oxygen propellant combination. The majority of the paper is concerned with three other relatively unexplored, but important, aspects of the boundary-layer-combustion problem that warrant further consideration from the standpoint of propulsion applications: (1) radiative heat transfer; (2) the role of chemical kinetics; and (3) transient phenomena (particularly low-frequency combustion instability). In an endeavor to better define the associated problems and suggest possible directions for future investigations, some tentative hypotheses and preliminary theoretical concepts are presented. Although highly oversimplified, a gray-body radiation treatment has proven useful in applications and here serves to illustrate the complex interaction between flow, kinetics, and radiation parameters. Also, a simple analysis indicates that the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions are likely to be important only in the low-pressure regime where gas-phase kinetics play a role. Finally, a brief theoretical study suggests that the profile of energy release in the boundary layer, as affected by heterogeneous reactions, etc., may be of great importance in transient phenomena.
Strategy for surgical treatment of congenital subglottic stenosis in children.

Background/purpose Congenital subglottic stenosis is a rare anomaly caused by thickened cricoid cartilage. We report our surgical techniques, comprising anterior cricoid split (ACS), laryngotracheoplasty (LTP), KTP laser ablation, and application of a tracheal opening retainer (TOR) into the tracheostomy site.
The Religious Orientation Scale: Review and Meta-Analysis of Social Desirability Effects:

Reliability and validity of scores on the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) are reviewed with respect to social desirability. ROS measures intrinsic religiousness (I; religion as an end unto itself...
Nucleoside kinases in adult Schistosoma mansoni: Phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleosides

Abstract Competition studies and column chromatography demonstrated that adults Schistosoma mansoni contains three nucleoside kinases that can phosphorylate pyrimidine nucleosides; a non-specific deoxyriboside kinase (EC 2.7.1.145), a specific uridine kinase and a specific cytidine kinase. The non-specific deoxyriboside kinase can phosphorylate all naturally occurring pyrimidine and purine 2′-deoxyribosides. Uridine and cytidine kinases are specific for uridine and cytidine, respectively. Various nucleoside 5′-triphosphate act as phosphate donors for the three kinases albeit to different degrees. Nucleoside kinases are critical in the activation of potential anti-parasitic drugs which may be identified among the numerous available pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. The finding that S. mansoni have nucleoside kinases that differ from their host enzymes raises the possibilities that certain pyrimidine nucleoside analogues could be selectively toxic to schistosomes.
Propionate oxidation in Escherichia coli

An investigation was undertaken to determine the principal pathway of propionate oxidation in Escherichia coli E-26. Studies in a number of systems have established that propionate may be metabolized by several different pathways. Since these pathways may be differentiated by the pattern of14CO2 evolution from specifically labelled carbon atoms of propionate, a radiorespirometric experiment was performed in which propionate-adapted E. coli E-26 was used. Under these conditions, both the rate and final cumulative percentage of14CO2 was greatest for 1-14C-propionate, intermediate for 2-14C-propionate, and least for 3-14C-propionate. The observed labelling pattern is consistent with oxidation of propionate to acetate via lactate.
Saccular potentials and their relationship to hearing in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Abstract 1. 1. Alternating potentials recorded from the saccule and utricle of intact goldfish in response to pure tone stimuli are found to be similar both before and after cauterization of the saccule. 2. 2. This fact suggests that the utricle plays, at most, a minor role in the reception of acoustic stimuli in these fish. 3. 3. The shape of the saccular potential function corresponds closely to that of the goldfish behavioral audiogram. 4. 4. This fact supports the contention that the potentials are involved in the stimulation of the eighth nerve and demonstrates the value of this technique for approximating the auditory sensitivity function of fish.
Modifications in the morphological and chemical properties of copper supported on different allotropic forms of carbon

A combination of techniques including controlled atmosphere electron microscopy coupled within situelectron diffraction has been used to follow the manner by which the nature of a carbonaceous support can impact both the chemistry and morphological properties of small copper particles when treated in various gas environments. We have found that the ease of reduction of CuO is dependent upon the nature of the carbon material and the strength of the interaction between the two components. It is suggested that an epitaxial relationship exists between copper and a diamond surface, which facilitates the reduction of copper oxide to the metallic state. In systems where copper species are supported on active carbon or graphite, attack on the substrate surface was observed to occur at low temperatures in the presence of hydrogen. This behavior is rationalized according to the notion that dissociation of molecular hydrogen takes place on Cu0sites at the surface of Cu2O particles and that the active atomic species “spill over” onto the graphitic support media and undergo reaction with the π-electrons of the basal plane resulting in the creation of pits thus producing extensive modifications to the surface structure of these support media. Based on the data fromin situelectron diffraction analysis it is tentatively concluded that at moderate temperatures under reducing conditions, Cu2O is the stable chemical state on amorphous and graphitic forms of carbon.
Comment on “Diffraction Method Detection of Local Lattice Distortion in AlN Ceramics by Convergent Beam Electron”

Having read with interest the paper by Nakahata et al. on the use of convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) to examine lattice distortions in AlN,1 this author writes to elucidate several subtleties in the application of quantitative CBED analysis which may influence the conclusions drawn from the published report. In Nakahata et al.'s work, two primary structural observations were made, that the AlN crystal near the yttrium aluminate grainboundary phase was distorted and that the lattice near the AlN/AlN grain boundary was not distorted. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) could discern no compositional variation in the AlN. These observations were used to support the proposition that the observed lattice distortion is caused mainly by the thermal expansion mismatch between AlN and the grainboundary phase. However, close examination of the data presented indicates that solutionized oxygen may be the primary cause of the distortion.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 74

Abstract The 1966 version of Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 74 has been revised on the basis of experimental data received prior to December 1, 1975. Results from approximately 95 papers and communications have been included in the present evaluation. Data on seven A = 74 nuclei are presented. The main features of the decay schemes for 74Zn and 8.1-m 74Ga appear to be known. An upper limit of 50% has been established for the β-decay branching ratio for 9.5-s 74Ga. Both β+- and β−,-decays of 74As are well established. Many excited levels are known in 74Ge, 74As, and 74Se from a variety of decay and reaction experiments, but few spin assignments are firm. The level identification for a 26.8-ns isomer in 74As is uncertain. An 8.0-s activity previously assigned to 74As is now believed to occur 197Au. The decay schemes for two 74Br isomers are reasonably well established, but the energy difference between the two isomers is not well known. The decay scheme for 74Kr is well established, but results on excited levels in 74Kr are contradictory.
Serum proteome profiles identifies parathyroid hormone physiologic response

Parathyroid hormone (amino acids 1–34) (PTH) regulates bone and calcium homeostasis. The magnitude of the effects of PTH on bone varies in osteoporosis patients. We employed ProteinChip ® technology to generate protein profiles from sera of mice treated once daily with PTH or vehicle for 3 or 11 days. Data analyses on selected arrays indicated significant increases in serum proteins or peptides in PTH-treated groups, compared to vehicle-controls. The magnitude of change increased with duration of treatment. Anion-exchange fractionation of sera prior to profiling on array surfaces increased the number of proteins detected that were regulated by PTH. The optimized purification conditions developed “on-chip” for subsets of proteins, reflected corresponding behavior with process-compatible chromatographic resins under elution chromatography. We have identified and evaluated subsets of serum proteins regulated by PTH treatment, using a combination of ProteinChip ® technology, column chromatography, PAGE and LC-MS/MS. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using a panel of serum proteins to detect PTH responsiveness in humans.
BETA-GAMMA CORRELATIONS FROM POLARIZED MANGANESE-52

A recent calculation by Curtis and Lewis and by Morita and Morita gives a distinction and correlation function for the beta and subsequent gamma radiations from oriented nuclei in a j-j beta transition. An experimental determination of the parametric in this function can give information on the magnitude and relative phase of the fermi and Gamow-Teller interactions involved. Such experimental determinations on polarized Mn/sup 52/ have been made. In order to evaluate each parameter uniquely, certain assumptions must be made about the nature of the beta interactions. The recent experiments on Ar/sup 35 and Ne/ sup 19/ and the balanced recoil experiment on Eu/sup 152/ using resonance fluorescence techniques, together with the reevaluation of the He/sup 6/ recoil experiment, indicate that vector and axial vector are the predominant forms of the Fermi and Gamow-Teller interactions, respectively. Furthermore nearly all of the recent experiments measuring the longitudinal polarization of electrons and positrons and also their angular distribution in beta decay are in accord with the two-component neutrino hypothesis where neutrinos of negative helicity are emitted in both Fermi and GamowTeller decays. (A.C.)
Verification of a Model of Fire and Smoke Transport

Abstract A set of comparison between a comprehensive room fire model and a range of real-scale fire experiments is presented. For these comparisons, a zone-based model, CFAST (‘consolidated fire and smoke transport’ model) is used. The model predicts the evolution of a fire in a room and the subsequent transport of the smoke and toxic gases which result from this fire. These comparisons serve two purposes: to determine, within limits, the accuracy of the predictions for those quantities of interest to the users of the models (usually those extensive variables related to hazard), and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the underlying algorithms in the models to guide future improvements in this and other models. The predicted variables selected for comparison deal with both of these purposes. Although differences between the model and the experiments were clear, they can be explained by limitations of the model and of the experiments.
Who belongs in the family

I was sitting before my TV set, a while back, watching Captain Video and pondering the organizational problems of psychologists, psychometricians, psychodiagnosticians, psycho-somatists, psychosomnabulists, and psychoceramics (crack-pots to you). Wondering what I might do, in my small way, to help out, I decided to enlist Captain Video's help to bring me from the Black Planet that superogalactian hypermetrician, Dr. Idnozs HcahscrorTenib, cosmos-famous discoverer of Serutan. Why delay? The Galaxy was on its way. and in half a light year Dr. Tenib was at my side prepared to devote his gargantuan talents to the task. Seeing no point in confusing the good doctor by trying to describe to him the present administrative hodgepodge, I said, "Doctor, let's start from scratch. I want you to find out for me how these good people who are present at the annual meeting of the APA structure themselves? What families are represented? How many, or better, how few? And who belongs to each?" "We proceed," said the Doctor. "Bring sample of population; I measure." So we set out to design a sample. The problem presented some interesting theoretical aspects, but the final solution was relatively simple. We stationed representatives at each of the three state beverage stores and followed every third badge-wearing individual who came out of a store. We selected only outgoing patrons for obvious reasons. After assisting each respondent to unburden himself, we brought him to Dr. Idnozs (as we came to call him among ourselves) for study. "Now," murmured the Doctor, "we give tests. First is 'Draw-a-Psychiatrist Test.' " "We score this," he confided, "by if it gives horns." Presently we started on the physiological test battery. "We draw off saliva drop by drop," explained our idiot savant, "and see does he drool when we bring in Skinner Box." Later came the Peculiar Preference Blank. "Forced-choice, you know," whispered the Doctor. "Would you rather make mud pies or kiss gorgeous blonde?"
Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Simplify D-dimer Assay for Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Department Patients

Objective To determine if a d-dimer assay (Simplify D-dimer; Agen Biomedical; Brisbane, Australia) can reliably exclude pulmonary embolism (PE) by producing a posttest probability of PE Methods Hemodynamically stable patients were evaluated for PE using a structured d-dimer–centered protocol; d-dimer testing was performed prior to imaging. Prior to testing, physicians completed an electronic data form that included their unstructured clinical estimate for the pretest probability of PE ( 40%) and the elements of the Charlotte rule and Canadian score for PE. Criterion standard was selective use of pulmonary vascular imaging and 90-day follow-up. Results We enrolled 2,302 patients (mean age, 45 ± 16 years [± SD]; 31% male); 108 patients received a diagnosis of PE (4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 5.6%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the d-dimer assay were 80.6% (95% CI, 71.8 to 87.5%) and 72.5% (95% CI, 70.6 to 74.4%), respectively. The negative likelihood ratio and negative predictive value were 0.27 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.39) and 98.7% (95% CI, 98.0 to 99.1%), respectively. The posttest prevalence of PE among low-risk patients with negative d-dimer results was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.4%) for the unstructured estimate, 1.2% (95% CI, 0.7 to 2.0%) for the Canadian score, and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.7%) for the Charlotte rule. Conclusions The Simplify D-dimer assay had moderate sensitivity and relatively high specificity for PE in low-risk ED patients. The combination of a physician’s unstructured estimate of pretest probability of PE of
Conflict Resolution Styles Among Latino Couples

Abstract Conflict resolution style was examined with 191 married Latino couples residing in Houston and Dallas, representing 21 different nationalities. The purpose of this study was to identify conflict resolution styles most predominant among Latino couples and to examine what demographic characteristics might be related to the couples' conflict resolution styles. Conflict resolution style (Avoidant, Volatile, and Validator) measured by Gottman's Marital Conflict Scale (MSC; Gottman, 1994) was significantly related to wives' and husbands' religiosity, husbands' religion, the language in which the husband answered the survey, and wives' education. Contrary to the common perception of Latinos as as being conflict avoidant, the majority of this sample identified themselves as having a Validating style of conflict resolution. Clinical and research implications for couple and family therapists are discussed.
Ocean eddy structure by satellite radar altimetry required for iceberg towing

Abstract Models for the towing of large tabular icebergs give towing speeds of 0.5 knots to 1.0 knots relative to the ambient near surface current. Recent oceanographic research indicates that the world oceans are not principally composed of large steady-state current systems, like the Gulf Stream, but that most of the ocean momentum is probably involved in intense rings, formed by meanders of the large streams, and in mid-ocean eddies. These rings and eddies have typical dimensions on the order of 200 km with dynamic height anomalies across them of tens-of-centimeters to a meter. They migrate at speeds on the order of a few cm/sec. Current velocities as great as 3 knots have been observed in rings, and currents of 1 knot are common. Thus, the successful towing of icebergs is dependent on the ability to locate, measure, and track ocean rings and eddies. To accomplish this systematically on synoptic scales appears to be possible only by using satelliteborne radar altimeters. Ocean current and eddy structures as observed by the radar altimeters on the GEOS-3 and Seasat-1 satellites are presented and compared. Several satellite programs presently being planned call for flying radar altimeters in polar or near-polar orbits in the mid-1980 time frame. Thus, by the time tows of large icebergs will probably be attempted, it is possible synoptic observations of ocean rings and eddies which can be used to ascertain their location, size, intensity, and translation velocity will be a reality.
Sexual Selection: A Driver of Genetic Change in Hawaiian Drosophila

Within the last five million years, the Hawaiian archipelago has successively added 14, spaced, subaerial volcanoes at its southeast end. Each has received endemic terrestrial colonists; established populations appear to stem mainly from the immediately adjacent older island. Chromosome markers were used to trace the evolution of a phylad of 106 unique and closely related Drosophila species. With one exception, each species is restricted to one of the four groups of islands; 57 species appear to be restricted to single volcanoes. Founding of new populations across each of the three major oceanic channels appears to be infrequent. Genetic and morphological analysis suggests that each founding event has resulted in a newly organized, highly specific gene pool, not simply a transplanted colony of the source species. Progressive volcanic forces have thus provided an instructive spatiotemporal environment for the formation of new species. In Drosophila genetic change involves primarily spectacular premating sexual behavior, marked by novel male characters that appear to have evolved under the driving force of sexual selection. Permanent genetic changes in reproductive biology are thus elicited by selection for intrademe Darwinian fitness of individuals and are not the result of ad hoc selection for interpopulation reproductive isolation. The facts reinforce the view that reproductive isolation from other species is largely an incidental by-product of selection imposed by both the ambient and sexual environments in local populations.
Aquinas on infinite regresses

In this paper I discuss Thomas Aquinas' views about infinite regresses, primarily why he allows some and rejects others. I will first discuss two of the Five Ways from ST I, 2, 3 in order to illustrate the way Aquinas uses infinite regress arguments. Then, I will look at an example of a regress argument that Aquinas rejects. In order to get clear about why Aquinas rejects some regresses I will characterize a distinction to separate acceptable from unacceptable regresses as St. Thomas does. Finally, I will suggest some reasons to explain why Aquinas rejects those regresses that he does reject.
‘The Value of the Inexact’: An Apology for Inaccurate Motor Performance

Philosophic inquiry into the mental states of elite athletes during skilled motor performance continues to grow. In contrast to the bulk of these works that focus almost exclusively on skillful performance, this paper examines athletic motor behavior from a point of inexactness – or even failure – in athletic performance. Utilizing the works of Michael Polanyi, who believed that both ideas of achievement and failure were equally necessary to understand the behavior of living things and their physical actions, I examine the notion of failure as a framework to scrutinize the cognitive processes occurring during the development and performance of skilled motor behavior. After reviewing Polanyi’s conceptions of personal knowing to locate the source of inaccuracy in human activity, I present Polanyi’s distinction between two kinds of mistakes and apply each to inaccurate sport performance. I then suggest that mistakes in sport should be re-conceptualized beyond their current negative connotations. Instead, con...
Professional Preparation in Mental Health/Illness Education

Abstract The inclusion of mental health/illness education in undergraduate professional preparation programs in health education has not been explored. Healthy People 2000 lists at least nine reasons for health educators to be trained to facilitate promotion of mental health and prevention and identification of mental illness. This pilot study evaluated results of a mail survey of 182 (response rate = 51 percent) undergraduate health education programs to assess the nature and extent of coursework in mental health/illness education. Results showed that 56 percent of the respondents represented undergraduate professional programs in health education that require a course emphasizing mental health or mental illness. Recommendations for course development and a suggested course outline are provided.
Experimental calibration of the aluminum-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley caldera (California) volcanic rocks

A new geobarometer based on the Al content of igneous hornblendes in equilibrium with melt, fluid, biotite, quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, sphene, and magnetite or ilmenite has been calibrated experimentally. The calibration was performed by equilibrating the required phase assemblage over the pressure range 2-8 kbar at 740-780C, and then analyzing euhedral hornblendes in equilibrium with glass (melt). Experiments were performed on natural samples of both volcanic and plutonic rocks. Earlier empirical calibrations of this geobarometer relied on analyzing natural hornblendes from plutons with the required phase assemblage and inferring pressure from nearby metamorphic country rocks. The experimental calibration differs from the empirical calibrations, especially above 5 kbar, and shows that the Al content of hornblendes in equilibrium with the required phase assemblage is greater for a given total pressure than previously thought. The geobarometers uncertainty is dramatically reduced. The derived equation is P ({plus minus}0.5 kbar) = 3 {minus}3.46 ({plus minus}0.24) + 4.23 ({plus minus}0.13) (Al{sup T}). The geobarometer is applied to post-Bishop Tuff volcanic rocks from Long Valley caldera, California, and reveals that most rhyodacites in this complex erupted from depths of about 6 km. These eruptions occurred over 500,000 yr, suggesting that the rhyodacitic magma reservoir beneath Longmore » Valley had reached a steady P (depth)-T state.« less
Origin of the Solar System

A model of the origin of the solar system is described based on equations obtained from a complex electromechanical stress tensor applied to a rotating, spherical primeval protosphere containing a low-density plasma. Ionization of the protosphere stems from a supernova displaced far from the sphere but sufficiently intense to ionize the sphere. The sphere collapses under gravity to a disklike domain. The lowest-order results of the expansion of the electromechanical relations yield an inhomogeneous differential equation for the electromechanical potential function. The solutions are shown to reduce to Bessel functions. A localized perturbation of a matter ring in a trough of the electromechanical potential grows to a protoplanet. The resulting planets out to Pluto are all found to have mean radii to the Sun in good agreement with measured values. The related magnetic field components are normal to the ecliptic plane. A number of properties, including orbital resonance between adjacent planets, are proposed to lend stability to two otherwise metastable orbits. Newtonian and Coulomb interactions enter in the electromechanical equations, and a unit dimensional constant contributes to the dimensional consistency of these relations. Five intervals are defined in the formation of the solar system. It is proposed that during the third interval outer coalescing matter rings comprise the precursors of the Jovian planets and that the asteroid belt, likewise formed in this interval, defines the spatial domain separating the regular lower matter rings and the coalescing higher matter rings. It is further proposed that to compensate for an increase in angular momentum in the fourth interval, Venus goes into retrograde spin rotation. Reasonable agreement with the observed disparity between mass and angular momentum for the Sun and the planets is obtained as well. The analysis is found to imply the existence of a 10th planet at a mean radius from the Sun of ≈51 AU.
Ability of Carnosine and Other Skeletal Muscle Components To Quench Unsaturated Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products

Breakdown of lipid peroxides results in the formation of aldehydic compounds which are toxic to biological systems and deleterious to food quality. To determine the potential of skeletal muscle compounds to protect biomolecules from lipid oxidation products, the ability of carnosine and various other related compounds to quench monounsaturated and polyunsaturated aldehydes was investigated. Carnosine, the most abundant dipeptide in skeletal muscle, is capable of quenching α,β-monounsaturated aldehydes and 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE) more effectively than its constituent amino acid. Carnosine (5 mM) reduced 44% of headspace trans-2-hexenal (0.5 mM) after 1 h incubation at 40 °C and pH 7.4. Other histidine-containing dipeptides and the amine compounds, spermine and spermidine, had similar or slightly lower quenching activity than carnosine. Glutathione and thioctic acid had superior quenching ability than carnosine, but their overall contribution to aldehyde quenching compared to carnosine is limited du...
A roadmap for a methodology to assess, improve and sustain intra- and inter-enterprise system performance with respect to technology-product life cycle in small and medium manufacturers

Increased manufacturing costs are forcing U.S. manufacturing firms to send their operations off shore. Such business practices are greatly impacting the vitality of small and medium manufacturers (SMMs) in the U.S. economy. This article intends to advance the notion of the need for a methodology for assessment, improvement, and sustainability of intra- and inter-enterprise system performance along the technology–product development life cycle. The aims of this article are to: (1) provide an overview of the technology–product development process; (2) document the different states of manufacturing technology readiness levels; (3) present an overview of prior methodologies reported on the subject in the published literature; and (4) establish a road map for assessment, improvement, and sustainability of intra- and inter-enterprise system performance along the path of the technology–product development life cycle. A notion is advanced about the readiness of SMMs with respect to assessment, improvement, and sustainability of intra- and inter-enterprise system performance. A road map is outlined for the deployment of a methodology to address the issues across the supply chain. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triangle-inequality-based pruning algorithms with triangle tries

A new class of algorithms, based on triangle inequality, has recently been proposed for use in content-based image retrieval. These algorithms rely on comparing a set of key images to the database images, and storing the computed distance distances. Query images are later compared to the keys, and the triangle inequality is used to speedily compute lower bounds on the distance from the query to each database image. This paper addresses the question of increasing performance of this algorithm, by the addition of a data structure known as the Triangle Trie.