cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compressed tablets, average weight.

Sodium chloride granules were separated into narrow-size ranges and compressed into tablets on a single-punch tablet press. The press adjustments were maintained constant throughout a given compression series. Granules ranging in size from 4,380 to 81 microns were compressed into tablets with varying degrees of success. As the particle size decreased, the average tablet weight of the batches of tablets increased, passed through a maximum at 150 to 350 microns, and then decreased. A similar trend in the physical quality of the tablets was noted.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms Isolated from Equine Orthopedic Patients

Positive cultures were obtained from 60 equine orthopedic cases during a 12 year period (1974–1985). These cases consisted of 34 long or cuboidal bone fractures, 13 arthrotomy/arthroscopy procedures for removal or internal fixation of a fracture, 7 proximal splint bone fractures, and 6 facial or mandibular fractures. Excluding the 13 arthrotomies, only 10 (21%) of the 47 were open fractures. Multiple organisms were isolated from 36 cases (20 long or cuboidal bone fractures, 7 splint bone fractures, 5 mandibular fractures, and 4 intra-articular fractures). Of the 142 isolates, 35 (24%) were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 33 (23%) Streptococcus spp., and 25 (18%) Staphylococcus spp. with the majority being coagulase positive (65%). Other organisms isolated were Pseudomonas spp. (16, 11%), obligate anaerobes (11, 7%), and Actinobacillus spp. (7, 5%). The remaining 10% consisted of Pasteurella spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Micrococcus spp., and Actinomyces spp. When comparing results between two time periods (1974–1979 and 1980–1985) there was an increase in the percentage of coagulase positive staphylococci isolates resistant to all antimicrobics tested except oxacillin and amikacin, and Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to all but amikacin. For Pseudomonas spp., resistance to gentamicin increased in the second time period (1980–1986). During the initial time period (1974–1979) culture tests for obligate anerobes were not conducted until 1975. No anerobes were cultured during those initial 5 years; however, one third of those isolated after 1980 were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. There were no cases of apparent acquired resistance against the antimicrobial agents used during therapy when comparing the susceptibility patterns of the organisms cultured perioperatively to those obtained at implant removal.
The relationship between mating and oogenesis in monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Danainae).

We studied the relationship between the timing of mating and oogenesis in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) to determine (1) the potential for male nutrient input into eggs and (2) whether mating stimulates egg development. Most females mated soon after they started maturing eggs. One and 2 days after mating, females contained the same number of mature oocytes as virgin females of the same age, while 3 days after mating they contained more mature oocytes than did virgins. These results confirm the potential for male-derived nutrients to augment oocyte production, but indicate that mating is not required for oocyte maturation to occur.
Determinants of Successful and Unsuccessful Divorce Negotiations

To assess the major determinants of divorce settlement ncgotiations bctween divorcing spouses and their lawyers, 90 recent divorcees selected from the court records of Middlesex County, New Jersey, completed a 14-page Divorce Settlement Experience Questionnaire (DSEQ). Factor analysis of relevant DSEQ items yielded two outcome factors: A Post-Divorce Cooperation Factor and a Post-Divorce Satisfaction Factor. Multiple regression and correlational analyses revealed that six hypotheses obtained significant independent effects. Generally speaking, favorable settlement outcomes were associated with: a cooperative negotiating climate, client control of the settlement process, resource availability, and psychological adjustment.
Characterization of a polyclonal antibody to the μ opioid receptor

Active opioid receptors have been solubilized from bovine striatal synaptosomal membranes and purified approximately 4000-fold using a combination of affinity and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The affinity column was constructed by attaching hybromet, a newly synthesized opioid ligand with high affinity for the mu receptor, to a solid support matrix. A polyclonal antibody was generated to opioid receptors by injection of the purified receptor preparation into female New Zealand rabbits. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by receptor competition and immunoprecipitation studies. Immunological titration of opioid binding activity from rat brain showed that the antibody was able to displace specific binding of [3H]etorphine (universal opioid) and [3H]dihydromorphine (mu opioid) from rat membranes, but was ineffective against the binding of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine (kappa [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin (delta opioid) or [3H]phencyclidine (phencyclidine/sigma receptor ligand). The antibody was able to precipitate the Mr 94,000 component of the 125I-labeled affinity-purified receptor, a finding which suggests that this subunit may be an opioid recognition component. By indirect immunofluorescence, the antibody was shown to bind specifically to the plasma membranes of the neurotumor cell line NCB-20 (neuroblastoma X Chinese hamster brain hybrid cells), which has high affinity opioid receptors. The observed fluorescence in the neuroblastoma cells was prevented by pre-adsorption of the antibody with purified receptor from rat brain. These results indicate that the antibody is specific for opioid receptors and may prove useful in the precise localization of opioid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems by immunohistochemical procedures.
Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson as Cultural Icons of U.S. Foreign Policy

The conventional account of American diplomacy in the modern era is marked by a cultural tension between realist and idealist themes symbolized by the statecraft of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. However, a revisionist account has emerged to challenge and even reverse the conventional account of Roosevelt and Wilson. This poses an intriguing empirical puzzle that is essentially psychological, as it pertains to the belief systems of these two presidents. In order to investigate this puzzle and its implications for U.S. strategic culture, we employ an automated content analysis of the public statements by the two leaders regarding their operational code beliefs about the nature of the political universe and the best approach to effective political action. The results reveal similarities and differences in their belief systems and illustrate how psychological models can provide insights into the psychocultural origins of U.S. diplomacy that remain relevant to the present day.
Seasonal Food of Juvenile Lake Trout in U.S. Waters of Lake Ontario

Abstract Stomach contents of 3,554 lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ), 100 to 449 mm in total length, captured with bottom trawls during April through October 1978–81 along the south shore of Lake Ontario were examined. Invertebrates appeared to be an important food of lake trout less than 200 mm long but were only occasionally eaten by larger fish. For all seasons and size groups of juvenile lake trout combined, the slimy sculpin ( Cottus cognatus ) was the principal forage fish, making up 42% (by weight) of identifiable fish remains. Young-of-the-year slimy sculpins were a major food of recently stocked yearling lake trout during July through October. Alewives ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) were the principal forage during April and May, and made up 28% (by weight) of the identifiable fish remains. They were rarely eaten during July and August, however, when lake trout remained in the hypolimnion and alewives were above it. Over 99% of the alewives eaten from April through August were yearlings and over 99% eaten during October were young-of-the-year. Rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) were the primary forage during July and August, but contributed only a small part of the diet during other seasons; overall, they made up 25% of identifiable fish remains. Johnny darters ( Etheostoma nigrum ) made up 4% of identifiable fish remains and were most common in stomachs of small lake trout during October.
Policy Development and New Immigrant Communities: A Case Study of Citizen Input in Defining Transit Problems

This case study explores an attempt to get input from people with limited English proficiency in a state department of transportation project to improve their transit access. Adding community voices to expert discourse can increase an agency's ability to respond effectively in a technical field. The article yields insights into the benefits of using deliberative groups rather than questionnaires as a technique for involving citizens in problem definition.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus, secondary synchronizing stimuli and the central neural control of circadian rhythms.

Abstract The introduction of a secondary synchronizing stimulus, deprivation of water for 22 h each day, with water available during the morning only, to intact adult female rats produces a burst of activity and drinking behavior during and around the time water is available. Normal circadian rhythms in activity and drinking behavior persist through the deprivation period, however, and the morning burst of activity and drinking behavior ceases with the cessation of deprivation schedule. These data indicate that the induced rhythm in activity and drinking behavior is a diurnal, not a circadian rhythm. This view is supported by the fact that a free-running circadian rhythm in activity and drinking behavior persists hrough a separate period of introduction of the water deprivation schedule even though a diurnal rhythm is once again induced. Suprachiasmatic nucleus ablation abolishes circadian rhythms in activity, drinking and learned behavior, but does not alter the deprivation schedule-induced rhythms.
Pre-clerkship Preparation from Live Patient Practice Pelvic Examinations

Our previous survey found students perceived live patient practice pelvic examinations (PPE) helpful for clinical rotations. Therefore, we wanted to follow up after Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) rotations to determine if the experience was truly preparatory. This study tested the hypothesis that practice pelvic examinations on a live teaching patient during the pre-clinical medical school curriculum increases students’ knowledge, confidence and comfort during the clinical years Ob/Gyn clerkships. Questionnaires were emailed to third and fourth year medical students. Sixteen questions were asked related to demographics, pelvic examination experience, and perceptions regarding experience during Ob/Gyn clerkship. Data were collected and descriptive statistics generated. Ninety-seven students (28%) completed the survey (36 male, 61 female). As a result of the PPE experience with a live teaching patient, 96% students felt prepared for their first pelvic examination during rotations. During rotations, 91% students felt more confident/comfortable performing their first examination; 92% indicated knowing what (and how) to tell the patient about the examination; 92% knew how to hold a speculum; 91% knew how to bimanually locate the cervix. Additionally, 92% students would feel confident/capable performing a pelvic examination, without physician assistance. Furthermore, 95% students agreed/strongly agreed that the teaching patient pelvic examination experience during pre-clinical medical school curriculum helped prepare them for clinical rotations. Results indicate that PPEs, utilizing a live teaching patient, improve medical student confidence and comfort during this examination in clinical clerkships. By alleviating anxiety during sensitive examinations, this experience will improve the clinical experience of medical students, physicians, and patients.
The role of viruses in the production of heart disease.

Abstract Clinical and experimental evidence for the role of viruses in the production of heart disease in man is reviewed. The data indicate that viral myocarditis, viral endocarditis, viral pericarditis and viral pancarditis are true entities that must be considered by clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of patients. It is suggested that viruses may be involved in the production of chronic heart disease and that “conditioning” factors possibly including streptococcal infections are important, both in the original infection and in activation of latent or dormant viruses. Viral infections may be responsible for much heart muscle disease, that is, cardiomyopathy, as well as for “rheumatic heart disease” of undetermined origin. The role of viruses, particularly rubella and Coxsackie, in the production of congenital heart disease is emphasized. Conceivably, viral infection acquired in utero might produce heart disease later in life. Many viruses are known to cause clinical pericarditis, some followed by chronic constriction. A possible role of viruses in the production of the postpericardiotomy syndrome or cardiac causalgia is suggested. Measures for the prevention of viral heart disease and methods of treatment, with particular emphasis on prolonged bed rest, are discussed. The need for laboratory facilities for routine viral studies is stressed.
Organization and ligand binding properties of the tail of Acanthamoeba myosin-IA. Identification of an actin-binding site in the basic (tail homology-1) domain.

The Acanthamoeba myosin-IA heavy chain gene encodes a 134-kDa protein with a catalytic domain, three potential light chain binding sites, and a tail with separately folded tail homology (TH) -1, -2, and -3 domains. TH-1 is highly resistant to trypsin digestion despite consisting of 15% lysine and arginine. TH-2/3 is resistant to α-chymotrypsin digestion. The peptide link between TH-1 and TH-2/3 is cleaved by trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and endo-AspN but not V8 protease. The CD spectra of TH-2/3 indicate predominantly random structure, turns, and β-strands but no α-helix. The hydrodynamic properties of TH-2/3 (Stokes' radius of 3.0 nm, sedimentation coefficient of 1.8 S, and molecular mass of 21.6 kDa) indicate that these domains are as long as the whole myosin-I tail in reconstructions of electron micrographs. Furthermore, separately expressed and purified TH-1 binds with high affinity to TH-2/3. Thus we propose that TH-1 and TH-2/3 are arranged side by side in the myosin-IA tail. Separate TH-1, TH-2, and TH-2/3 each binds muscle actin filaments with high affinity. Salt inhibits TH-2/3 binding to muscle actin but not amoeba actin filaments. TH-1 enhances binding of TH-2/3 to muscle actin filaments at physiological salt concentration, indicating that TH-1 and TH-2/3 cooperate in actin binding. An intrinsic fluorescence assay shows that TH-2/3 also binds with high affinity to the protein Acan125 similar to the SH3 domain of myosin-IC. Phylogenetic analysis of SH3 sequences suggests that myosin-I acquired SH3 domain after the divergence of the genes for myosin-I isoforms.
Sexual HIV/HSV-2 Risk Among Drug Users in New York City: An HIV Testing and Counseling Intervention

Undiagnosed and untreated sexually transmitted infections are highly prevalent among users of heroin, crack, cocaine, and amphetamines. Between 2008 and 2009, 58 heroin, cocaine, and crack users in New York City who reported unprotected vaginal and anal sex with more than one partner in the past 30 days were enrolled in an HIV testing and counseling intervention. Four weeks post intervention, increases were found for condom use and STI knowledge. Reductions were noted for safe-sex risk fatigue, number of same-and opposite-sex partners, and days when drugs were injected. Brief but intense counseling interventions can reduce HIV risk among high-risk populations.
VLA observations of Saturn at 1.3, 2, and 6 cm

Radio maps with a resolution of 1.5 arcsec were made of Saturn at 1.3, 2, and 6 cm. The inclination of the ring plane was -5.4 deg. A fraction of 0.49 + or - 0.08 of Saturn's emitted light is transmitted through the rings at 2 and 6 cm. This value converts to an effective head-on or normal optical depth of 0.07 + or - 0.02. The transparency at this small inclination angle must be provided entirely by the regions of very low optical depth, e.g., the Cassini and Encke's Divisions, and to achieve the desired number this requires either a relatively large fraction of gaps or a strong forward scattering by the ring particles. The planetary disk appears to be much less limb darkened in the N-S than the E-W direction, while cuts across the planet, averaged over all directions, agree with the theoretical limb-darkening curves for a planet with a uniform atmosphere and solar abundances for all chemical elements.
Arrangements of lines in 3-space: a data structure with applications

Let an arrangement of blue lines in 3-space be fixed, and imagine a movable red line entangled in the arrangement. We show an O(n4a(n)) algorithm for building a data structure that permits enumeration of mutually inaccessible classes of such red lines, where a(n) is the inverse Ackermann function. The core of the algorithm is a construction of O(n2) 2-D arrangement of hyperbolas, each in O(n2a(n)) time.The algorithm is applied to stabbing 3-polytopes, enumerating pairwise-visible face pairs, enumerating 2-D projections of convex 4-polytopes, and other problems, resulting in O(n4a(n)) algorithms in each case.
The rise times of miniature endplate currents suggest that acetylcholine may be released over a period of time.

Models of miniature endplate currents predict 20–80% rise times of 100 microseconds or less. These predictions are substantially less than most of the rise times recorded in the literature. New measurements were made of rise times at the frog neuromuscular junction using extracellular recording. The mean 20–80% rise time was 250 microseconds. Rise times were variable; at 20 degrees C, 95% of them fell in a range from 140 to 460 microseconds. The most questionable assumption in the models is that the acetylcholine (ACh) is released instantaneously. Modifying the model, so that ACh diffuses from the vesicle through a pore, lengthens the rise time to observed levels. It has been proposed that ACh is released from the vesicle in exchange for Na+. However, the rise times of miniature endplate currents recorded in solutions in which the Na+ is replaced by sucrose are in the normal range. The Q10 for the rise of miniature endplate currents is approximately 2, which is consistent with the models and with temperature effects on pore formation in mast cells.
Effective Process Equipment Defect Control Methodology

The aggressive shrinking of design rules with the increasing requirement to reduce costs of running a 300 mm Fab are pushing equipment particle performance to lower defectivity counts and tighter control. The rapid qualification of process equipment and the identification of excursions on monitor wafers before the product is committed is an important metric of a Fab strategy to minimize the product at risk and control cost (faster time to detect/fix excursion). This paper will focus on examining different techniques used to cope with excursion data and help maintain an optimum balance between alpha and beta risks by applying them to real data from a production line. These techniques will be compared using metrics such practicality, effectiveness and robustness.
Influence of head tissue conductivity in forward and inverse magnetoencephalographic Simulations using realistic head models

The influence of head tissue conductivity on magnetoencephalography (MEG) was investigated by comparing the normal component of the magnetic field calculated at 61 detectors and the localization accuracy of realistic head finite element method (FEM) models using dipolar sources and containing altered scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, gray, and white matter conductivities to the results obtained using a FEM realistic head model with the same dipolar sources but containing published baseline conductivity values. In the models containing altered conductivity values, the tissue conductivity values were varied, one at a time, between 10% and 200% of their baseline values, and then varied simultaneously. Although changes in conductivity values for a single tissue layer often altered the calculated magnetic field and source localization accuracy only slightly, varying multiple conductivity layers simultaneously caused significant discrepancies in calculated results. The conductivity of scalp, and to a lesser extent that of white and gray matter, appears especially influential in determining the magnetic field. Comparing the results obtained from models containing the baseline conductivity values to the results obtained using other published conductivity values suggests that inaccuracies can occur depending upon which tissue conductivity values are employed. We show the importance of accurate head tissue conductivities for MEG source localization in human brain, especially for deep dipole sources or when an accuracy greater than 1.4 cm is needed.
Parallel biological sequence alignments on the Cell Broadband Engine

Sequence alignment and its many variants are a fundamental tool in computational biology. There is considerable recent interest in using the cell broadband engine, a heterogenous multi-core chip that provides high performance, for biological applications. However, work so far has been limited to computing optimal alignment scores using quadratic space under the basic global/local alignment algorithm. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of developing sequence alignment algorithms on the Cell exploiting its thread and data level parallelism features. First, we develop a cell implementation that computes optimal alignments and adopts Hirschberg's linear space technique. The former is essential as merely computing optimal alignment scores is not useful while the latter is needed to permit alignments of longer sequences. We then present cell implementations of two advanced alignment techniques - spliced alignments and syntenic alignments. In a spliced alignment, consecutive non-overlapping portions of a sequence align with ordered non-overlapping, but non-consecutive portions of another sequence. Spliced alignments are useful in aligning mRNA sequences with corresponding genomic sequences to uncover gene structure. Syntenic alignments are used to discover conserved exons and other sequences between long genomic sequences from different organisms. We present experimental results for these three types of alignments on the Cell BE and report speedups of about 4 on six SPUs on the Playstation 3, when compared to the respective best serial algorithms on the Cell BE and the Pentium 4 processor.
Seeing Through Bad Weather

Current vision systems are designed to perform in clear weather. Needless to say, in any outdoor application, there is no escape from bad weather. Ultimately, computer vision systems must include mechanisms that enable them to function (even if somewhat less reliably) in the presence of haze, fog, rain, hail and snow. We begin by studying the visual manifestations of different weather conditions. For this, we draw on what is already known about atmospheric optics, and identify effects caused by bad weather that can be turned to our advantage; we are not only interested in what bad weather does TO vision but also what it can do FOR vision.
Subcutaneous mastectomy in the treatment of breast disease

Abstract Subcutaneous mastectomy should be performed only for certain well-outlined indications. Preoperative discussion should emphasize that the procedure is not prophylactic for breast cancer, that significant complications are a possibility, and that conclusive data as to diminution of risk are not yet available. Resection of breast tissue including the tail of the breast, should be carefully carried out, deliberately leaving only a small remnant under the areola for preservation of blood supply. Implants should be placed submuscularly leaving all residual breast tissue readily palpable to the examining finger. Continued follow-up procedures and self-examination are to be stressed.
Glutathione Facilitates Antibiotic Resistance and Photosystem I Stability during Exposure to Gentamicin in Cyanobacteria

Understanding mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is important to the fields of biology and medicine. We find that glutathione contributes to antibiotic resistance in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our results also suggest that glutathione protects photosystem I from oxidative damage resulting from growth in the presence of gentamicin.
Study and enumeration of singular configurations for the kinematic model of human arm

In this paper, a seven DOF anthropomorphic arm model defined by zero-position notation is used to study the kinematically singular configurations of this arm. The important findings of this study are: (1) A relationship is shown between the rank of Jacobian matrix and the number of corresponding reciprocal screws for singular configurations of any three dimensional manipulator arm. (2) By investigating the geometrical positions of this model, its various singular configurations are identified.
Suicidal indicators in schizophrenia

The clinical and sociodemographic profile of suicidal and nonsuicidal schizophrenia patients was investigated in 801 patients with this diagnosis seen at a comprehensive psychiatric facility between 1983 and 1987. Suicidal patients tended to exhibit depression, aggressiveness, substance abuse and a severe and progressive impairment in adaptive functioning.
FGF signaling regulates Wnt ligand expression to control vulval cell lineage polarity in C. elegans

The interpretation of extracellular cues leading to the polarization of intracellular components and asymmetric cell divisions is a fundamental part of metazoan organogenesis. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva, with its invariant cell lineage and interaction of multiple cell signaling pathways, provides an excellent model for the study of cell polarity within an organized epithelial tissue. Here, we show that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway acts in concert with the Frizzled homolog LIN-17 to influence the localization of SYS-1, a component of the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry pathway, indirectly through the regulation of cwn-1. The source of the FGF ligand is the primary vulval precursor cell (VPC) P6.p, which controls the orientation of the neighboring secondary VPC P7.p by signaling through the sex myoblasts (SMs), activating the FGF pathway. The Wnt CWN-1 is expressed in the posterior body wall muscle of the worm as well as in the SMs, making it the only Wnt expressed on the posterior and anterior sides of P7.p at the time of the polarity decision. Both sources of cwn-1 act instructively to influence P7.p polarity in the direction of the highest Wnt signal. Using single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that the FGF pathway regulates the expression of cwn-1 in the SMs. These results demonstrate an interaction between FGF and Wnt in C. elegans development and vulval cell lineage polarity, and highlight the promiscuous nature of Wnts and the importance of Wnt gradient directionality within C. elegans.
Comment on “Crystal structures of translocator protein (TSPO) and mutant mimic of a human polymorphism”

Li et al. (Reports, 30 January, p. 555) reported on a crystal structure for a translocator protein (TSPO) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in which some of the electron density is modeled as a porphyrin. The analysis of the x-ray data discussed here suggests that this assignment is incorrect.
Topology of 3D Linear Symmetric Tensor Fields

There has been much research in 3D symmetric tensor fields, including recent work on tensor field topology. In this book chapter, we apply these research results to the most fundamental types of 3D tensor fields, i.e., linear tensor fields, and provide some novel insights on such fields. We also propose a number of hypotheses about linear tensor fields. We hope by studying linear tensor fields, we can gain more critical insights into the topology of general 3D tensor fields in the future.
The Impulse Towards Individual Criminal Punishment after the Financial Crisis

There is a widespread and influential account in contemporary public discourse that the 2007-08 financial crisis was caused by the criminal acts of high-level banking executives, and that the failure to punish these acts delegitimizes our legal system and paves the way for future crises. This Article is the first piece of academic legal literature to assess this account in detail. It concludes that though high-level wrongdoing connected with the crisis may have been distressingly underprosecuted, it is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of the crisis. Economic regulation, not prosecution, is the surest way to prevent future crises.
The Festival of Pirs: Popular Islam and Shared Devotion in South India, by Afsar Mohammad, New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, xii + 199 pp. ISBN: 978 801 9999 7589, US$99.00 (hardback); ISBN: 978 801 9999 7596, US$27.95 (paperback)

Described as an ethnographic study of religious life in the Indian village of Gugudu in Andhra Pradesh, this work is of much greater significance. Important as a careful study of mixed Hindu–Muslim...
Role of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins within diaphragm muscle in modulating the effects of nandrolone.

Recent studies suggest that the anabolic effects of testosterone in muscle may be mediated, in part, by the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects...
In Vitro Release of Histamine from Human Peripheral Leukocytes with Compound 48/80

SummaryThe histamine releasing property of compound 48/80 has been studied in a variety of tissues and species. In vivo and in vitro studies in the experimental animal have shown effects of compound 48/80 on tissue mast cells and basophiles. The only studies in man have involved intradermal skin testing. The present report indicates that suspensions of human peripheral leukocytes affords a system for studying in vitro histamine release by compound 48/80 in man. There is no difference in the response of atopic and nonatopic subjects.
Characterization of Highly Textured PZT Thin Films Grown on LaNiO 3 Coated Si Substrates by MOCVD

Highly textured PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) thin films with x= 0-0.6 were grown on LaNiO3 coated Si substrates at 600 °C by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The preferred crystalline orientation of PZT thin films with various Zr concentration were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dielectric constants, hysteresis and fatigue behavior of these thin films were also measured. The relationship between growth rate and the preferential orientation is discussed. Furthermore, the dependence of the electrical properties on Zr concentration and preferential orientation is demonstrated.
Trade and the SDGs

This issue of Commonwealth Trade Hot Topics discusses the role of international trade as a mechanism through which many of the agreed goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development can be achieved. It demonstrates how a common denominator of such actions is to reduce the costs of trade.
On the integration of topic maps and RDF

Topic Maps and RDF are two independently developed paradigms and standards for the representation, interchange, and exploitation of model-based data on the web. Each paradigm has established its own user communities. Each of the standards allows data to be represented as a graph with nodes and labeled arcs which can be serialized in one or more XML- or SGML-based syntaxes. However, the two data models have significant conceptual differences. A central goal of both paradigms is to define an interchangeable format for the exchange of knowledge on the Web. In order to prevent a partition of the Web into collections of incompatible resources, it is reasonable to seek ways for integration of Topic Maps with RDF. A first step is made by representing Topic Map information as RDF information and thus allowing Topic Map information to be queried by an RDF-aware infrastructure. To achieve this goal, we map a Topic Map graph model to the RDF graph model. All information from the Topic Map is preserved, such that the mapping is reversible. The mapping is performed by modeling the graph features of a Topic Map graph model with an RDF graph. The result of the mapping is an RDF-based internal representation of Topic Maps data that can be queried as an RDF source by an RDF-aware query processor.
Arms Control, Disarmament, Nonproliferation, and Safeguards

In this chapter we consider the closely related subjects of arms control, disarmament, nonproliferation, and safeguards. All of these subjects are, in turn, closely related to regulation of the use of force. Indeed, as we have seen in chapter 4, Security Council Resolution 687 constitutes an unprecedented effort to force a member state of the United Nations unilaterally to disarm with respect to weapons of mass destruction. Traditionally, all of these subjects, especially arms control and disarmament, have been subject to an extensive network of multilateral and bilateral treaties. Many, indeed most, of these treaties were concluded with strong US support. It is clear, however, that, with the second Bush administration, there has been a sea change in US attitudes toward such treaties. Reflecting in large part the substantial distrust of John Bolton of arms control and multilateral treaties, the Bush administration “has pulled out of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with Russia, scuttled an important protocol to the biological-weapons ban, ousted the head of the organization that oversees the chemical weapons ban, watered down an accord on small-arms trafficking and refused to submit the nuclear test ban treaty for Senate ratification [actually Senate advice and consent to ratification].” Reportedly, the view of the Bush administration is that treaties on arms control, disarmament, and, to a lesser extent, nonproliferation at best do not work and at worst can endanger vital US interests. It appears especially skeptical of multilateral treaties that set up verification and enforcement regimes.
Sleep Outcomes in Children Born Prematurely

Emergence of sleep states and maturation of control of breathing during sleep and wake are critical developmental milestones. These important developmental trajectories may be adversely affected by the direct impact of premature birth, by comorbid conditions, by neonatal treatments, and by environmental and treatment-related exposures in the perinatal period. Disorders of respiratory control, including sudden infant death syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, are more common in infants and children born prematurely. The effects of prematurity on disordered breathing during sleep are most apparent in young children, while effects on circadian rhythm persist into adulthood.
Minimally Invasive Management of Ectopic Pancreas.

Abstract Background: The management of ectopic pancreas is not well defined. This study aims to determine the prevalence of symptomatic ectopic pancreas and identify those who may benefit from treatment, with a particular focus on robotically assisted surgical management. Methods: Our institutional pathology database was queried to identify a cohort of ectopic pancreas specimens. Additional clinical data regarding clinical symptomatology, diagnostic studies, and treatment were obtained through chart review. Results: Nineteen cases of ectopic pancreas were found incidentally during surgery for another condition or found incidentally in a pathologic specimen (65.5%). Eleven patients (37.9%) reported prior symptoms, notably abdominal pain and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common locations for ectopic pancreas were the duodenum and small bowel (31% and 27.6%, respectively). Three out of 29 cases (10.3%) had no symptoms, but had evidence of preneoplastic changes on pathology, while one harbored pancre...
Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face

Global health networks, webs of individuals and organizations with a shared concern for a particular condition, have proliferated over the past quarter century. They differ in their effectiveness, a factor that may help explain why resource allocations vary across health conditions and do not correspond closely with disease burden. Drawing on findings from recently concluded studies of eight global health networks—addressing alcohol harm, early childhood development (ECD), maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, pneumonia, surgically-treatable conditions, tobacco use, and tuberculosis—I identify four challenges that networks face in generating attention and resources for the conditions that concern them. The first is problem definition: generating consensus on what the problem is and how it should be addressed. The second is positioning: portraying the issue in ways that inspire external audiences to act. The third is coalition-building: forging alliances with these external actors, particularly ones outside the health sector. The fourth is governance: establishing institutions to facilitate collective action. Research indicates that global health networks that effectively tackle these challenges are more likely to garner support to address the conditions that concern them. In addition to the effectiveness of networks, I also consider their legitimacy, identifying reasons both to affirm and to question their right to exert power.
Ethnicity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Possibilities for Novel Phenotypes in the Age of Personalized Medicine

In the past decade and a half, the introduction of new therapeutic agents has revolutionized the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These new treatment options have improved the quality of life and survival in PAH. With an armamentarium of options available, the identification of unique phenotypes can help practitioners choose tailored treatment regimens. Experts in other cardiovascular diseases, such as congestive heart failure and hypertension, have recommended race-specific treatments in their fields based on data highlighting variations in response to therapies. With this perspective, we review evidence supporting the hypothesis that ethnicity or race plays an important role in the management of PAH. Preliminary research suggests that races/ethnicities have differences in the presentation and outcome of PAH and could respond to PAH-specific medications with varying efficacy. Genetic, physiological, and anatomic differences exist between races, particularly regarding the structure and function of the right ventricle. Unfortunately, clinical trials have not adequately included minorities, and registry data often omit inclusion of this demographic information. Further studies are needed to characterize the role that ethnicity plays in the prevalence, presentation, outcomes, and optimal treatment of PAH.
Agenda Setting and Political Control in India’s Sanitation Policy Subsystem:

India has the worst sanitation situation in the world. Over the past century, Indian political leaders have made public statements expressing the intensity of the problem, deeming sanitation more i...
Por uma Polarização Democrática: como por abaixo o populismo de direita?

This special text presents a translation of interview by Jurgen Habermas, given to the German publication Blatter, about the political environment of growth of right-wing ideologies in contemporary democracies, especially in the European context, based on ten current questions, sectioned in four thematic segments . In textual development, the interlingual translation method was used.
Correlating laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with neutron activation analysis to determine the elemental concentration in the ionome of the Populus trichocarpa leaf

Abstract The black cottonwood poplar (Populus trichocarpa) leaf ionome (inorganic trace elements and mineral nutrients) is an important aspect for determining the physiological and developmental processes contributing to biomass production. A number of techniques are used to measure the ionome, yet characterizing the leaf spatial heterogeneity remains a challenge, especially in solid samples. L aser- i nduced b reakdown s pectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to determine the elemental composition of leaves and is able to raster across solid matrixes at 10 μm resolution. Here, we evaluate the use of LIBS for solid sample leaf elemental characterization in relation to neutron activation. In fact, neutron activation analysis is a laboratory-based technique which is used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to certify trace elements in candidate reference materials including plant leaf matrices. Introduction to the techniques used in this research has been presented in this manuscript. N eutron a ctivation a nalysis (NAA) data has been correlated to the LIBS spectra to achieve quantification of the elements or ions present within poplar leaves. The regression coefficients of calibration and validation using m ulti v ariate a nalysis (MVA) methodology for six out of seven elements have been determined and vary between 0.810 and 0.998. LIBS and NAA data has been presented for the elements such as, calcium, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, copper, and potassium. Chlorine was also detected but it did not show good correlation between the LIBS and NAA techniques. This research shows that LIBS can be used as a fast, high-spatial resolution technique to quantify elements as part of large-scale field phenotyping projects.
Cadaveric Testing of a Novel Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background Existing scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) reconstruction techniques include fixation spanning the radiocarpal joint, which do not reduce the volar aspect of the scapholunate interval and may limit wrist motion. Questions/Purpose This study tested the ability of an SLIL reconstruction technique that approximates both the volar and dorsal scapholunate intervals, without spanning the radiocarpal joint, to restore static scapholunate relationships. Materials and Methods Scapholunate interval, scapholunate angle, and radiolunate angle were measured in nine human cadaveric specimens with the SLIL intact, sectioned, and reconstructed. Fluoroscopic images were obtained in six wrist positions. The reconstruction was performed by passing tendon graft through bone tunnels from the dorsal surface toward the volar corner of the interosseous surface. After reduction of the scapholunate articulation, the graft was tensioned within the lunate bone tunnel, secured with an interference screw in the scaphoid, and sutured to the dorsal SLIL remnant. Differences among testing states were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA. Results There was a significant increase in the scapholunate interval in all wrist positions after complete SLIL disruption. Compared with the disrupted state, there was a significant decrease in scapholunate interval in all wrist positions after reconstruction using a tendon graft and interference screw. Conclusion Our SLIL reconstruction technique reconstructs the volar and dorsal ligaments of the scapholunate joint and adequately restores static measures of scapholunate stability. This technique does not tether the radiocarpal joint and aims to optimize volar reduction. Clinical Relevance Our technique offers an alternative option for SLIL reconstruction that successfully restores static scapholunate relationships.
Guerra química en Colombia, ecologías de la evidencia y senti-actuar prácticas de justicia

Aerial fumigation with glyphosate was a key component in the US-Colombia shared anti-drug policy until 2015. This paper reveals an ethnographic follow-up of complaints made by farmers from Putumayo, who seek reparation after the aereal spraying of their legal agroforestry fields. It shows how the evidence around these wars zones —seedbeds, food crops, GPS coordinates, and bureaucratic documents— gives account of glyphosate’s violent and toxic traces. In the face of a systematic governmental rejection of their complaints, some farmers have sought to transform the chemically-altered ecologies of their territories through various practices. These daily acts of justice are restorative practices that produce probative ecologies, which in turn assert the government’s responsibility, while feeling-enacting alternative forms of justice.
The Word-Collector: Urban Narratives and ‘Word-Designs

Engaging the example of “The Word-Collector” project – an experimental design studio taught recently in the Post Professional Masters, School of Architecture, McGill University – this paper discusses a literary approach in architectural design; one that explores the possibilities of written language as a tool of architectural representation. The paper presents the theoretical background of the approach discussing the importance of language for architecture, explains the project’s specific stages, documents selected outcomes, and concludes by elaborating on the implications of the suggested pedagogy for architectural education nowadays. This linguistic architectural design process developed in three stages. Through their word-collections and the related narratives, the students engaged in a unique understanding of the city. Deliberately framing perception and forcing a personal, emotional engagement, the city revealed deeper inter-subjective meanings. Through the different forms and modes of writing, engaged during the project’s second part, the students attempted to envision an appropriate architectural space responding to both the city and the program. Lastly, oral language and narrative forms became a way to speak about the experience in the imagined new places on behalf of its potential future users. The ‘Word-Collector’ put forward a ‘theoretical project,’ a fully autonomous architectural design vision constructed solely of words.
At-Risk Brand Relationships and Threats to the Bottom Line

Like a stock portfolio, each relationship type offers a brand higher or lower growth opportunities and risks. The type of relationship is particularly relevant in brand crisis events. When a brand is hit by a crisis, it is not necessarily the most successful strategy to focus exclusively on protecting positive emotional relationships. At-risk relationships are affected more than others and can lead to a significant decline of brand value.
The Harmonic Analysis of Skew Polygons as a Source of Outdoor Sculptures

The previous paper [4] on the subject of the finite Fourier series (f.F.s.) dealt with some known and some new applications to problems of elementary geometry. In the present second paper we apply it to a beautiful theorem of Jesse Douglas [3] on skew pentagons in space. It is shown here that Douglas’s theorem amounts to the graphical harmonic analysis of skew pentagons and that it is also the source of striking outdoor sculptures. This last opinion is shared by two great art experts, Allan and Marjorie McNab, whom I wish to thank for their encouragement.