cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Database Facilitates Characterization of Flavonoid Intake, Sources, and Positive Associations with Diet Quality among US Adults

Background: Epidemiologic studies demonstrate inverse associations between flavonoid intake and chronic disease risk. However, lack of comprehensive databases of flavonoid content of foods has hindered efforts to fully characterize population intake and determine associations with diet quality. Objectives: Using a newly released database of flavonoid values, this study sought to describe intake and sources of total flavonoids and 6 flavonoid classes and identify associations between flavonoid intake and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010. Methods: One day of 24-h dietary recall data from adults aged $20 y (n = 5420) collected in What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES 2007‐2008, were analyzed. Flavonoid intakes were calculated using the USDA Flavonoid Values for Survey Foods and Beverages 2007‐2008. Regression analyses were conducted to provide adjusted estimates of flavonoid intake, and linear trends in total and component HEI scores byflavonoid intake were assessedusing orthogonal polynomial contrasts. All analyses were weighted to be nationally representative. Results: Mean intake of flavonoids was 251 mg/d, with flavan-3-ols accounting for 81% of intake. Non-Hispanic whites had significantly higher (P < 0.001) intakes of total flavonoids (275 mg/d) than non-Hispanic blacks (176 mg/d) and Hispanics (139 mg/d). Tea was the primary source (80%) of flavonoid intake. Regardless of whether the flavonoid contribution of tea was included, total HEI score and component scores for total fruit, whole fruit, total vegetables, greens and beans, seafood and plant proteins, refined grains, and empty calories increased (P < 0.001) across flavonoid intake quartiles. Conclusions: A new database that permits comprehensive estimation of flavonoid intakes in WWEIA, NHANES 2007‐ 2008; identification of their major food/beverage sources; and determination of associations with dietary quality will lead to advances in research on relations between flavonoid intake and health. Findings suggest that diet quality, as measured by HEI, is positively associated with flavonoid intake. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.115.213025.
A Comment on “Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities”

Widespread reports of bat fatalities caused by wind turbines have raised concerns about the impacts of wind power development. Reliable estimates of the total number killed and the potential effects on populations are needed, but it is crucial that they be based on sound data. In a recent BioScience article, Hayes (2013) estimated that over 600,000 bats were killed at wind turbines in the United States in 2012. The scientific errors in the analysis are numerous, with the two most serious being that the included sites constituted a convenience sample, not a representative sample, and that the individual site estimates are derived from such different methodologies that they are inherently not comparable. This estimate is almost certainly inaccurate, but whether the actual number is much smaller, much larger, or about the same is uncertain. An accurate estimate of total bat fatality is not currently possible, given the shortcomings of the available data.
Tactical Advantages Versus Administrative Heter Ogeneity: The Strengths and the Limits of the French State

The argument examines two contrasting views of state authority in France and reopens the question of “strong” versus “weak” states. To do so, it explores the traditional Rousseauian view of the strong state and contrasts it to an opposing view that emphasizes administrative heterogeneity even in so-called strong states. The argument applies these views to the French state and develops a reconciliation of them. I argue that it is useful to conceive of state authority and structures in terms of “tactical advantages” that states may or may not have at their disposal in relations with civil society. State traditions structure over time the tactical advantages states may have. Strong state structures and the tactical advantages these give to the state enable it to shape politics by employing more effectively policy instruments to induce and constrain political behavior and policy outcomes. The state's tactical advantages influence what interest groups do politically and their effectiveness. Thus the French sta...
A digitally implemented photovoltaic simulator with a double current mode controller

This paper presents a microcontroller- and DC-DC converter-based photovoltaic (PV) simulator which emulates the output characteristics of a real solar panel. In particular, the PV simulator designed is portable and has a maximum output power of 85W. The control mechanism is based on a double current mode controller in combination with an IV curve look-up-table that generates the output reference current based on the measured output voltage. Stability analysis is performed based on the classical phase margin and gain margin criteria. Finally, the performance of the PV simulator is examined in terms of its steady state IV curve matching capabilities and the convergence time to the PV module IV curve of interest corresponding to a step change in load. The result shows a well behaved and responsive PV simulator that can be treated just like a real PV module in most situations.
Infant Feeding Plan: An Innovative Documentation Tool to Improve Communication between Caregivers and Families

Newborn Care Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Kangaroo care is recommended in the Guidelines for Perinatal Care for stable newborns. The act of placing the infant skin-to-skin (also called Kangaroo care) with the mother has been shown to maintain skin temperature regulation of the newborn, increase initiation of successful breastfeeding, and ease the transition for intrauterine to extrauterine life. The practice of Kangaroo care has been well adopted in our setting. During 2010, 75% of all mothers who gave birth vaginally participated in skin-to-skin care. The staff started to initiate Kangaroo care in the postanesthesia care unit to provide all the benefits to the mothers who had cesarean births.
A microstructured cathode for fuel cell with self-regulated O 2 bubble creation and consumption

We introduce a monolithic cathode that self-regulates oxygen supply, ideally complementing the recently developed monolithic anode that self-pumps the fuel. Developed is a microstructured cathode that generates oxygen, consumes generated oxygen bubbles as needed, and stops the generation when not consumed, all in a self-regulating fashion. Cyclic voltammetry confirms that the cathode is capable of reducing oxygen even in the presence of simulating a mixed-reactant condition. Half-cell tests show reasonable current outputs, suggesting a complete (full) fuel cell of no moving parts is feasible.
Can motor volition be extracted from the spinal cord

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the partial or complete loss of movement and sensation below the level of injury. In individuals with cervical level SCI, there is a great need for voluntary command generation for environmental control, self-mobility, or computer access to improve their independence and quality of life. Braincomputer interfacing is one way of generating these voluntary command signals. As an alternative, this study investigates the feasibility of utilizing descending signals in the dorsolateral spinal cord tracts above the point of injury as a means of generating volitional motor control signals. Methods: In this work, adult male rats were implanted with a 15-channel microelectrode array (MEA) in the dorsolateral funiculus of the cervical spinal cord to record multi-unit activity from the descending pathways while the animals performed a reach-to-grasp task. Mean signal amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios during the behavior was monitored and quantified for recording periods up to 3 months post-implant. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was used to investigate signal amplitude stability during the study period. Multiple linear regression was employed to reconstruct the forelimb kinematics, i.e. the hand position, elbow angle, and hand velocity from the spinal cord signals. Results: The percentage of electrodes with stable signal amplitudes (p-value 0.7 using tap-delayed principal components of the spinal cord signals. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that chronic recordings up to 3-months can be made from the descending tracts of the rat spinal cord with relatively small changes in signal characteristics over time and that the forelimb kinematics can be reconstructed with the recorded signals. Multi-unit recording technique may prove to be a viable alternative to single neuron recording methods for reading the information encoded by neuronal populations in the spinal cord.
The Hexis of Interpretation: Islam and the Body in the Egyptian Popular School

This article examines how travelers, colonial officials, and educators have treated prayer and other body rituals in Egyptian popular schools. Once the object of colonial critiques of indigenous pedagogy, body ritual has now become the focus of a functionalist discourse that reads bodily postures and movements as natural manifestations of social, ideological, and cosmological structures. Starting from Bourdieu’s notion of hexis, the literal embodiment of ideology, the article examines how Egyptians—and anthropologists—extract meaning from ritual behavior.
Duration of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) competitiveness after herbicide treatment

Abstract Experiments were initiated to determine the amount of time required for postemergence herbicides to render yellow nutsedge physiologically noncompetitive. The rate of net CO2 assimilation (AN) was chosen as the response variable to describe competitiveness. Specifically, the time required after herbicide treatment for AN to drop to 50% of that of the untreated control (AN50) was determined. AN50 values for halosulfuron, imazapic, glyphosate, and MSMA were 1.6, 2.1, 3.2, and 3.3 d, respectively. An AN50 value was not calculated for bentazon because AN rapidly decreased below 50% but recovered to > 50% by 9 d after treatment (DAT). Stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) declined similarly with AN over time for halosulfuron, imazapic, and glyphosate treatments. However, gs of MSMA-treated plants was near 95% of the untreated control, whereas AN declined to 35% 11 DAT. At 11 DAT, all aboveground biomass was removed, and plants were returned to the greenhouse, and regrowth was determined after an ad...
Post-Deployment Performance Debugging in Wireless Sensor Networks

When an application on a wireless sensor network (WSN) exhibits poor post-deployment performance, users (programmers and administrators) usually do not know which nodes in the network, nor which pieces of debugging information are relevant to the determination of causes of the performance problem. Blind logging and collection of information on all nodes and/or links for the purpose of debugging, however, are energy expensive and sometimes ineffective. To address this problem, we need algorithms and tools that help users pinpoint the causes of application performance problems, and then provide useful hints for fixing them or further examination. To meet this need, we propose a data-centric approach called post-deployment performance debugging (PD2). PD2 focuses on the data flows that an application generates, and relates poor application performance to significant data losses or latencies of some data flows (problematic data flows) as they go through the software modules on individual nodes and through the network. PD2 derives a few inference rules based on the data dependencies between different software modules, as well as between different nodes, and use them to trace back in each problematic flow. Then, PD2 turns on the performance monitoring of, and collects debugging information from, only those modules and nodes that the problematic flows go through. Finally, PD2 provides the debugging information to help users isolate the causes of poor performance. We have implemented PD2 on TinyOS and evaluated it on a real WSN testbed. Our experimental results show that PD2 helps users quickly locate the possible sources of problems, such as code bugs, weak links, and radio interference. Depending on the hop-count between the source of the problem and the data sink, PD2’s energy consumption (communication overhead) is shown to be only 5–10% of that of collecting debugging information from all nodes.
Education and the Economy.

The interdependencies between education and the national economy are more complex and subtle than usually realized. Of course, public funds for education are affected by the relative health of the economy, as taxpayers become reluctant to spend money on services when their incomes decline. Student demand for certification decreases if graduates feel that educational credentials will not aid them in
p38 MAPK regulates expression of immune response genes and contributes to longevity in C. elegans.

The PMK-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the DAF-2–DAF-16 insulin signaling pathway control Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal innate immunity. pmk-1 loss-of-function mutants have enhanced sensitivity to pathogens, while daf-2 loss-of-function mutants have enhanced resistance to pathogens that requires upregulation of the DAF-16 transcription factor. We used genetic analysis to show that the pathogen resistance of daf-2 mutants also requires PMK-1. However, genome-wide microarray analysis indicated that there was essentially no overlap between genes positively regulated by PMK-1 and DAF-16, suggesting that they form parallel pathways to promote immunity. We found that PMK-1 controls expression of candidate secreted antimicrobials, including C-type lectins, ShK toxins, and CUB-like genes. Microarray analysis demonstrated that 25% of PMK-1 positively regulated genes are induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Using quantitative PCR, we showed that PMK-1 regulates both basal and infection-induced expression of pathogen response genes, while DAF-16 does not. Finally, we used genetic analysis to show that PMK-1 contributes to the enhanced longevity of daf-2 mutants. We propose that the PMK-1 pathway is a specific, indispensable immunity pathway that mediates expression of secreted immune response genes, while the DAF-2–DAF-16 pathway appears to regulate immunity as part of a more general stress response. The contribution of the PMK-1 pathway to the enhanced lifespan of daf-2 mutants suggests that innate immunity is an important determinant of longevity.
Biotechnology and Digital Information

Technology is the fold in which thought is thinking or unfolding its ways of being in the world anew. However, in what technology is thought and its subjects, objects and processes presently enfolded? In this commentary, it will be suggested that digitalized biotechnologies are presently unfolding a thought that is shifting the edge between the actual and the virtual: the thought of "metastability'. defined as the interrelationship between molar and the molecular. This thought lakes us beyond the opposition between open and closed systems - inviting creativity.
The digital prolate spheroidal window

The optimal window, the time limited sequence whose energy is most concentrated in a finite frequency interval, is related to a particular discrete prolate spheroidal sequence. The optimal window is actually a family of windows with many degrees of freedom. The Kaiser (1974) window is an approximation to this optimal window. Kaiser used this approximation because the standard method employed to compute the optimal window is numerically ill-conditioned. We show the actual optimal window can be efficiently computed by using an alternative formulation of the discrete prolate spheroidal sequences. We then give a set of design formulas to generate the optimal window for the desired window length, mainlobe width, and relative peak sidelobe height.
Prospective evaluation of oral gastrografin in postoperative small bowel obstruction.

Background Orally administered gastrografin has been used for early resolution of postoperative small bowel obstruction (POSBO) and to reduce the need for surgery in various studies. However the studies have reported conflicting results as patients with complete obstruction and equivocal diagnosis of bowel strangulation were also included. Patients and methods We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of gastrografin in patients with partial adhesive small bowel obstruction. Patients with suspected strangulation, complete obstruction, obstructed hernia, bowel malignancy, and radiation enteritis were excluded. Sixty-two patients with partial adhesive small bowel obstruction were given an initial trial of conservative management of 48 h. Thirty-eight patients improved within 48 h and the other 24 were given 100 ml of undiluted gastrografin through the nasogastric tube. In 22 patients the contrast reached the colon within 24 h. In the remaining two patients the contrast failed to reach the colon and these underwent surgery. Results The use of gastrografin avoided surgical intervention in 91.3% (22 of 24) patients who failed conservative management of POSBO. Gastrografin also decreased the overall requirement for surgical management of POSBO from the reported rate of 25 to 30% to 3.2% (2 of 62). Conclusion Use of gastrografin in patients with partial POSBO helps in resolution of symptoms and avoids the need for surgical management in the majority of patients.
Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Applications

The need for higher data rates is increasing as a result of the transition from voice-only communication to wireless multimedia and web type of applications. Given the limitations of natural frequency spectrum, it becomes obvious that current static frequency allocation schemes cannot accommodate these requirements of increasing number of higher data rate devices. As a result, innovative techniques that can offer new ways of exploiting the available spectrum are needed. Cognitive radio arises to be a tempting solution to spectral crowding problem by introducing the opportunistic usage of frequency bands that are not heavily occupied by licensed users [1]. While there is no agreement on the formal definition of cognitive radio as of now, the concept has evolved recently to include various meanings in several contexts [2]. One main aspect of cognitive radio is related to autonomously exploiting locally unused spectrum to provide new paths to spectrum access. Other aspects include interoperability across several networks; roaming across borders while being able to stay in compliance with local regulations; adapting the system, transmission, and reception parameters without user intervention; and having the ability to understand and follow actions and choices taken by their users to learn how to become more responsive over time. One of the most important components of cognitive radio concept is the ability to measure, sense, learn, and be aware of the parameters related to the radio channel characteristics, availability of spectrum and power, interference and noise temperature, radio’s operating environment, user requirements and applications, available networks (infrastructures) and nodes, local policies and other operating restrictions. In cognitive radio terminology, primary users can be defined as the users who have higher priority or legacy rights on the usage of a specific part of the spectrum. On the other hand, secondary users, which have lower priority, exploit this spectrum in such a way that they do not cause interference to primary users. Therefore, secondary users need to have cognitive radio capabilities, such as sensing the spectrum reliably to check
A hybrid silicon/InP integrated feedback stabilized mode-locked laser

An integrated delay line coupled cavity was used to stabilize a 10 GHz mode locked laser. Use of the cavity reduced the RF 3 dB linewidth for passive mode-locking from 1.06 MHz to 15 kHz.
State Regulation of Agricultural Labor Regulations - The Arizona Farm Labor Law: A Constitutional Analysis

The Arizona Farm Labor Law, which has been the subject of substantial political comment, may provoke significant judicial comment as well. This attempt to regulate employer-employee labor relations in Arizona's agriculture industry appears to have several constitutional infirmities, which are discussed in this Article. In particular, the Laws restraints on picketing and handbilling raise important first amendment issues; the vagueness and overbreadth of the statute suggest further first amendment questions; and the provision for summary remedies appears to offend due process notions developed by recent decisions of the United States Supreme Court. The author discusses each of the institutional issues in depth, examining the applicability of various constitutional doctrines to the area of labor relations in general, and, specifically, to the Arizona Farm Labor Law.
Optical Quenching of Photoconductivity in GaN Photo-conductors

We report the first observation of optical quenching of photoconductivity in GaN photoconductors at room temperature. Three prominent quenching bands were found at Ev+1.44, 1.58 and 2.20 eV, respectively. These levels are related to the three hole traps in GaN materials based on a hole trap model to interpret the quenching mechanism. The responsivity was reduced about 12% with an additional He-Ne laser shining on the detector.
Possible Boundaries in the Early History of Mathematics

Having been invited by the editors of this Memorial Volume to contribute an article upon some appropriate topic in which Professor Slaught would be interested if he were with us at this time, a brief historical topic has been selected. Having known Dr. Slaught for many years, often discussing with him the teaching of mathematics and the types of literature which were best adapted to our work, we were naturally led to considering at various times the story of the origin and development of the subject of our major interest. I well recall that in one of our visits we dwelt upon the possibility of the opening of new regions in the early history of the subject, necessarily in the fields of numbers, and then of geometry, and finally of some crude form of algebra. We were both familiar with the current literature of the subject, but we visualized a much older era to be revealed by earlier material which scholars in the field of archeology might discover. He was greatly interested in the work being done at that time in his own university circle, particularly in the excavations then being carried on in Iraq. It was natural, therefore, that we should be led to discuss the possibility of discoveries in other fields of archeology and even of medieval documents. Recalling that meeting of only a few years ago, I seem to feel again his enthusiasm in discussing the possibility that we were then upon new thresholds of the habitations of ancient mathematics. It seems therefore appropriate to mention a few of the regions which have opened up since that time and a few which have found place in our recent histories. Briefly stated, since my talks with Dr. Slaught these regions have been widely extended and-what is proving to be of even more importance-the cuneiform records have been deposited in many large museums in most of the leading centers of culture. This spread of original material has allowed scholars, conversant with cuneiform, hieroglyphic, Sanskrit, and other alphabets and related languages, to have access to original documents. We pass over the well known list of excavations of some decades along the Euphrates and Tigris; there are others in progress at this time, with which students are not so familiar. For example, excavations are now being carried on in the Tepe Gawra, near Mosul in Iraq, where more than twenty strata (levels) have been found, each revealing a period in the life of a great city. There is also the Sumerian Uruk, the Biblical Erech, in which Level XIII dates from the fifth millennium B.C., and has brought one of the richest "finds" of recent years, a rare field for the discoveries of mathematical-commercial material. Level XV dates from c. 4500 B.C., and the work upon it is progressing in this very year. The evidence of number values is also being revealed at the present time in the discoveries at Chagar Bazar in northeast Syria, of c. 1900 B.C., and
Echocardiography of the tricuspid and pulmonary valve in children

Diseases of the tricuspid and pulmonary valve are common in childhood. These include congenital anomalies, acquired lesions, and secondary valve compromise due to left heart disease. A comprehensive and methodical approach to the echocardiographic assessment of these diseases of the tricuspid and pulmonary valve is necessary for best care of children with these conditions.
Felony Sentencing in Rural and Urban Courts: Comparing Formal Legal and Substantive Political Models in the West

This study explored two models of sentencing in urban and rural districts in Nevada (2007 felony sentencing data, N=10,873). It was hypothesized that sentence lengths and dispositions would differ between rural and urban districts. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that urban districts would follow a formal legal model – in which only legal variables (crime features, criminal history) act as predictors of sentencing outcomes, whereas rural districts would follow a substantive political model – in which extralegal factors (age, sex, race / ethnicity, etc.) also predict sentencing outcomes. The authors found that urban and rural districts in Nevada conformed to a substantive political model of sentencing (including both legal and extralegal factors), though legal factors were often the strongest predictors of sentencing outcomes.
Effects of Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizers with Bio-organic Fertilizers on Grain Yield and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Super Hybrid Rice Y Liangyou 1

The effects of combined application of inorganic fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers on grain yield and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen of Y Liangyou 1,a super hybrid rice variety,were studied in field conditions.The results showed that the treatment with organic N ∶inorganic N equal to 1∶9 increased grain weight significantly and had the highest grain yield among all of the tested treatments with the same amount of pure N application of 165 kg/hm2.The grain yield was as high as 10 701.20 kg/hm2,significantly higher than the control(no fertilization) and the pure inorganic fertilizer treatment at 1% and 5% levels,respectively.The correlation analysis indicated that there existed a significant positive correlation between plant N content and yield but an insignificant correlation between soluble sugar content and yield.The correlation between plant sugar-nitrogen ratio and yield was negative,with the correlation coefficients of-0.811 and-0.851 at booting and harvest stages,respectively,both reaching a significant level of 5%.
Contraception and Diabetes

The epidemic of diabetes mellitus in the United States brings health risks for both pregnant and nonpregnant women. Current estimates project that a child born in this country has a one in three chance of developing diabetes in his or her lifetime, with an increasing number of those cases presenting in women in their reproductive years [1]. Although highly effective contraception is essential in diabetics to reduce the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, there is a great, unmet need for both contraceptive counseling and utilization. Most forms of contraception appear to minimally impact glycemic control in women with diabetes, particularly the intrauterine device (IUDs) and combined hormonal contraception (CHC). Given the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity associated with diabetes, it is reasonable to avoid CHC use in women with complicated diabetes (MEC category 3/4). However, the risks of pregnancy in women with diabetes likely outweigh any potential risks for progestin-only methods. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend a MEC category 2 for all progestin-only methods, including injectables. There appears to be minimal impact of method of contraception on subsequent development of diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes.
Did that Scare You? Tips on Creating Emotion in Experimental Subjects

The appropriateness of experiments for studying causal mechanisms is well established. However, the ability of an experiment to isolate the effect of emotion has received less attention, and in this letter we lay out a guide to manipulating and tracing the impact of emotions. Some experimental manipulations are straightforward. Manipulating an emotion like anxiety is less obvious. There is no magic â€œpolitical anxiety pillâ€ and placebo that can be randomly assigned to participants. While the magic political anxiety pill is still elusive, we advocate using multiple manipulations, extensive pretesting, and mediation models. These approaches have allowed us to situate a discrete emotional experience in a complex political environment.
Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options for treating mucormycosis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Early diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis remain challenges in clinical practice. Diagnosis typically involves direct tissue sampling and histopathologic examination, which may take days to confirm. Recently, nucleic acid amplification and hybridization has emerged as an adjunctive modality in the diagnosis of mucormycosis.Areas covered: Nested, semi-nested, and multiplex PCR have tremendous potential for the rapid and reliable diagnosis of invasive fungal infections, but are not routinely used in clinical practice. Here, we review technological hurdles to widespread implementation as well as novel therapeutic options for the treatment of mucormcyosis. These include combination therapy, novel drug targets that draw on structure-activity relationships, and alternative drug development pathways, which rely on pharmacodynamics modeling.Expert opinion: Mucormycosis is an uncommon yet life-threatening infection, and robust, prospective, randomized clinical trials to define optimal the...
On the use of spiral antenna arrays for short-pulse ultra-wideband applications

Seven-element hexagonal arrays based on two- and four-arm spiral elements are introduced and analyzed in frequency and time domains. Full-wave modeling based on CST Microwave Studio verifies that these arrays can work over 4:1 bandwidth with VSWR 90% indicating simultaneously good time and frequency domain performances. The benefits of using the four-arm spiral antenna to achieve an array with dual-circular polarization operation and better axial ratio are demonstrated. Also, arrays' efficiency and the complexity of the feed network of the multi-arm spiral antenna array are investigated and possible solutions are successfully demonstrated.
Influence of human papillomavirus on the clinical presentation of oropharyngeal carcinoma in the United States

Objective Much of what is known about the significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is derived from single-institution retrospective studies, post hoc analyses of tissue specimens from clinical trials, and tissue bank studies with a small sample size. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of HPV on the frequency and clinical presentation of oropharyngeal carcinoma in a large, national sample with information from patients who underwent HPV testing. Study Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Methods We identified a comprehensive national sample of 8,359 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma and known HPV status diagnosed between 2010 and 2011 within the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess correlates of patient and tumor characteristics on HPV status. Results Among patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma, the frequency of HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma in the United States was 65.4%. HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma was associated with younger age, male sex, and white race (P < 0.001). Advanced primary tumor stage was associated with HPV-negative disease (P < 0.001), whereas increasing nodal burden was associated with HPV-positive disease (P < 0.001). Despite less-advanced nodal disease, HPV-negative tumors were associated with a higher likelihood of metastasis at presentation (P < 0.001). Conclusion HPV now accounts for the majority of newly diagnosed oropharyngeal carcinoma in the United States and is associated with a distinct clinical profile, supporting efforts to re-evaluate the staging and treatment paradigm for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:2270–2278, 2017
Learning Object Orientation Constraints and Guiding Constraints for Narrow Passages from One Demonstration

Narrow passages and orientation constraints are very common in manipulation tasks and sampling-based planning methods can be quite time-consuming in such scenarios. We propose a method that can learn object orientation constraints and guiding constraints, represented as Task Space Regions, from a single human demonstrations by analyzing the geometry around the demonstrated trajectory. The key idea of our method is to explore the area around the demonstration trajectory through sampling in task space, and to learn constraints by segmenting and analyzing the feasible samples. Our method is tested on a tire-changing scenario which includes four sub-tasks and on a cup-retrieving task. Our results show that our method can produce plans for all these tasks in less than 3 min with 50 / 50 successful trials for all tasks, while baseline methods only succeed 1 out of 50 times in 30 min for one of the tasks. The results also show that our method can perform similar tasks with additional obstacles, transfer to similar tasks with different start and/or goal poses, and be used for real-world tasks with a PR2 robot.
Environmental Quality Assessment Using Stream Fishes

In this chapter, we describe the use of fishes to assess the condition of wadeable streams via the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). The IBI is a multimetric bioassessment technique that seeks to diagnosis cause-and-effect relationships between biological criteria and environmental stressors via the evaluation and integration of multiple measures of fish assemblage structure and function. This chapter focuses on the methods necessary to develop and implement bioassessment using stream fish IBIs. We detail the major steps involved in developing and testing a stream fish IBI including reference standards, multimetric calibration, and IBI validation. Moreover, we describe the history of the IBI as a bioassessment tool and discuss the strengths and limitations of using IBIs to determine whether stream reaches are meeting designated uses for aquatic life.
Evaluation of a Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid-Coated β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitute for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Case Series.

Introduction: β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a synthetic osteoconductive scaffold that is used as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts. The purpose of this case series was to examine the effectiveness of a polymer-coated β-TCP particulate graft in preserving alveolar ridge height after tooth extraction. Effectiveness was evaluated using radiographic measurements, together with a histomorphometric evaluation of bone formation.Case Series: Eight patients, treatment planned for extraction and dental implant placement in the posterior region, were consecutively enrolled in the case series. Study teeth were extracted, and an alloplastic bone substitute, consisting of synthetic β-TCP granules coated with a biodegradable polymer (i.e., poly[lactic-co-glycolic] acid [PLGA]), was placed and adapted into the extraction socket. Patients were recalled at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 3 months postoperatively to evaluate wound healing and at 4 to 5 months for implant placement. Bone specimens were collected at osteotom...
Safeguarding Building Automation Networks: THE-Driven Anomaly Detector Based on Traffic Analysis

Building Automation Systems (BAS) are distributed networks of hardware and software that monitor and control heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC), as well as lighting and security of smart buildings. BACnet is a standard data communication protocol designed to operate across many types of BAS field panels and controllers. This paper studies BACnet traffic in a real-world BAS from various vantage points and develops an anomaly detector for BAS networks. Our analysis of BACnet traffic through several measures reveals that BACnet traffic is neither strictly periodic as expected of control traffic nor exhibits diurnal patterns of IP network traffic. BACnet traffic is a combination of multiple flow-service streams that belong to "THE-driven'" categories: Time-driven, Human-driven, and Event-driven. Time-driven traffic follows periodic patterns, regular patterns, or on/off models. Human-driven and event- driven traffic present non-periodic patterns. We construct flow-service models for time-driven traffic and develop THE-Driven Anomaly Detector which adopts different mechanisms for each category of traffic. We evaluate the anomaly detector using k-fold cross validation and synthetic attacks. The proposed THE-Driven Anomaly Detector is shown to be able to effectively detect suspicious traffic in BAS networks with small false alarm rate.
Interoperation and Adaptation for Real-World Computing

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a consumer centric view of cyber physical systems and its requirements. It proposes using adaptation through observation based predictions to achieve predictable time and reliability. It proposes new directions in security research that is based on consumer electronics needs. It stipulates that interoperation is crucial and new methods for programming what happens between machines rather than within machines, are required. Finally, systems and theory must meet and verification and online model checking is proposed to achieve an increase in robustness.
A handheld 1D transparent CMUT array probe for photoacoustic imaging

A transparent transducer array is desired in backward-mode photoacoustic imaging (PAI). CMUT technology is especially suitable for this application because of its wide bandwidth and a wide selection of processing materials. We have previously demonstrated a single-element CMUT with an ITO bottom electrode for improved transparency. The device showed 40% to 70% optical transmission from 700 nm to 900 nm, which is the wavelength range commonly used for in-vivo PAI. In this work, we will make a 1D PAI probe that integrates a fully packaged 1D CMUT array with improved transparency, a fiber bundle, in-probe optics, and low-noise amplifiers which will interface with a real-time imaging system.
Insights into the illegal trade of feline derivatives in Costa Rica

Abstract Research has given the illegal trade of feline derivatives in Mexico as well as Central and South America little attention. The purpose of this article is to: 1) Begin a dialogue among human dimensions of wildlife scholars about the economic and cultural values of feline derivatives throughout Mexico, Central and South America; 2) Present the range of economic values that emerged in my interview and participant observation data from Costa Rica; 3) Offer an explanation of how sociological concepts influence the buying and selling of dead jaguars ( Panthera onca ), pumas ( Puma concolor ), and ocelots ( Leopardus pardalis ) in Costa Rica. The principal results are: 1) The sociological concepts of social status and masculine identity interlace with and motivate the illegal trade; 2) The value of feline parts in Costa Rica ranges from $25 to $5000; 3) This value differs by culture and geographic residency of the seller (urban versus rural) and diverged from values discovered in other countries; 4) The men who adorn their homes with illegal trophies are not necessarily the poachers. The value of jaguar skin has been recorded for as little as $100 in a 1983 study conducted in Belize and for as high as $600 in a study done in Venezuela in approximately 2011. Because of cultural differences, Cabecar sell a feline skin for as little as $25 and up to $400 if it includes teeth and nails, but Ticos, who are non-indigenous Costa Ricans, sell the skins from $500-$5000. Non-indigenous, wealthy urban men indicate prestige by the display of feline parts. My findings align with existing research that jaguar skins are sold to people in larger cities and that adornment of feline derivatives is a masculine tradition that can be linked with Amerindian cultures and ancient times. Historically jaguars have been associated with elitist symbolism and evidence in this study suggests this continues in today's culture as a sign of social status. Results suggest that money alone does not drive illegal hunting. The contribution of this study urges researchers to: 1) Develop a typology which includes the characteristics of not only the poachers, but also the buyers of illegal wildlife parts; 2) Evaluate concepts of culture, geographic residency, masculine identity, and social status in the illegal trade of feline derivatives in Mexico, Central, and South America.
TET1-mediated hypomethylation activates oncogenic signaling in triple-negative breast cancer

Both gains and losses of DNA methylation are common in cancer, but the factors controlling this balance of methylation remain unclear. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype that does not overexpress hormone receptors or HER2/NEU, is one of the most hypomethylated cancers observed. Here we discovered that the TET1 DNA demethylase is specifically overexpressed in about 40% of patients with TNBC, where it is associated with hypomethylation of up to 10% of queried CpG sites and a worse overall survival. Through bioinformatic analyses in both breast and ovarian cancer cell line panels, we uncovered an intricate network connecting TET1 to hypomethylation and activation of cancer-specific oncogenic pathways including PI3K, EGFR, and PDGF. TET1 expression correlated with sensitivity to drugs targeting the PI3K-mTOR pathway, and CRISPR-mediated deletion of TET1 in two independent TNBC cell lines resulted in reduced expression of PI3K pathway genes, upregulation of immune response genes, and substantially reduced cellular proliferation, suggesting dependence of oncogenic pathways on TET1 overexpression. Our work establishes TET1 as a potential oncogene that contributes to aberrant hypomethylation in cancer and suggests that TET1 could serve as a druggable target for therapeutic intervention.
An algebra of layered complex preferences

Preferences allow more flexible and personalised queries in database systems. Evaluation of such a query means to select the maximal elements from the respective database w.r.t. to the preference, which is a partial strict-order. Often one requires the additional property of negative transitivity; such a strict weak order induces equivalence classes of "equally good" tuples, arranged in layers of the order. We extend our recent algebraic, point-free, calculus of database preferences to cope with weak orders. Since the approach is completely first-order, off-the-shelf automated provers can be used to show theorems concerning the evaluation algorithms for preference-based queries and their optimisation. We use the calculus to transform arbitrary preferences into layered ones and present a new kind of Pareto preference as an application.
Chapter 8 the effects of pressure on G protein-coupled signal transduction

Publisher Summary The low temperatures and high hydrostatic pressures of the deep ocean directly affect the structure and function of all the proteins and membranes of ectotherms. The environment is thus an important selective force shaping the evolution of organisms in this extensive habitat. This chapter examines the effects of hydrostatic pressure on one important membrane-associated function, the transduction of an extracellular message into an intracellular second message. A number of approaches have been employed to identify and define at the molecular level the effects of pressure on transmembrane signaling, both on the components in isolation and on the entire functional complex. The effects of pressure have been compared in three cold-adapted species, which are common at different depths and hence experience different pressure regimes. These teleost species have been useful models for studies of pressure adaptation. The membrane system studied, the A1 adenosine receptor was chosen as a representative G protein-coupled receptor and because of its occurrence in teleost brain and the range of pharmacological tools available for its study.
SM 05-0900 The connection between unintentional injury and human rights

The financial and human costs of unintentional injury, particularly to children, are cause for global concern. Many local, national and international agencies have thus incorporated unintentional injury prevention into their top strategic priorities. Yet, it can be argued that unintentional injury is not commonly associated with an important area of international normative structure: human rights. This study primarily aims to display how deeply unintentional injury is already anchored into core human rights areas. Secondarily, this study highlights gaps between unintentional injury and human rights and provides a map for how the injury prevention community can fill these gaps while harnessing existing injury-based rights. A content analysis of fourteen international and regional human rights texts was conducted to determine if they provide any protections from unintentional injury. A clause was identified as explicitly protecting from unintentional injury if it met two conditions: 1) the content of the clause included any form of the words ‘injury’, ‘safety’, ‘accident’ or ‘hazard’, and 2) these words referred to physical injury that is not intentionally inflicted. 19 explicit protections were found in the analyzed texts; 12 pertain to workplace injuries. Populations with specific protections include children, individuals with disabilities, women and migrant workers. There were no references to specific injury mechanisms. A number of populations vulnerable to injury, such as older persons, were not referenced. This analysis reveals a clear relationship between unintentional injury and human rights. Injury prevention professionals can utilize these protections in myriad ways. There is a possibility for the injury prevention community to advocate for additional protections around high-priority injury mechanisms and additional vulnerable populations. There is also an opportunity to conduct research to better understand how unintentional injury already intersects with other manifestations of human rights such as social norms, policy, philosophy, and written language.
Reply to: Medical students' thoughts on interventions to reduce burnout and maintain empathy in clinical years.

Dear EditorThe authors (Nolan et al. 2019) draw attention, albeit indirectly, to the encompassing nature and multiple components of empathy. They propose to address a finding in our study (Wellbery...
Wireless Time Transfer With Subpicosecond Accuracy Based on a Fully Integrated Injection-Locked Picosecond Pulse Detector

An injection-locked picosecond pulse detector is implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology. An on-chip slot planar inverted cone antenna receives picosecond pulses with a center frequency of 77 GHz and feeds the signal to a low-noise amplifier. A three-stage injection-locked frequency divider is used to lock the output signal to the 9.6-GHz repetition rate with an effective locking range of 142 MHz and a timing jitter of $0.29~\textrm {ps}_{\textrm {rms}}$ . The injection-locked detector is utilized in a wireless time transfer setup to demonstrate its application in widely spaced synchronized distributed arrays. This fully integrated system consumes 42 mW from a 1.3-V supply and occupies a total area of 0.9 mm2, including the on-chip antenna and the pads.