cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Integration Order and Accuracy on the Stability of Time Domain Integral Equations

The integration rules and orders for the computation of kernel elements directly effect the stability of the discretization of time domain integral equations for electromagnetic analysis. Our previous works examined this effect for closed objects using an analysis based on the combined field integral equation. In this work, we use adaptive quadrature to show the impact of integration accuracy in kernel computation on stability for open structures analyzed with the electric field integral equation. Numerical results show a high integral order does not necessarily bring a high accuracy, and that a higher accuracy in the near field integration can be helpful to achieve stability.
Isolation of Neural Stem Cells from Whole Brain Tissues of Adult Mice

A population of neural stem cells exists in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Purification and characterization of neurospheres provide valuable tools to study the regulation and differentiation of neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. Successful stimulation and production of neurospheres can ultimately be used for therapeutic purposes. The currently available methods are limited by their poor yield and the large number of animals required to compensate for that. Here, we describe a procedure to purify neurospheres from adult mouse whole brain. We provide detailed steps on how to propagate, passage, and maintain the adult neurospheres, and how to differentiate the pure neurospheres into the lineage of interest. Using this method, neurospheres can be easily derived from adult mouse whole brain. The derived adult neurospheres maintain their homogenous undifferentiated status while retaining their differentiation potential. This new protocol facilitates adult neurospheres isolation, purification, maintenance, and differentiation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Worthy of debate: discursive coherence and agreement in the formation of the field of sustainability in higher education

This article explores the development of shared understanding in the field of environmental sustainability in higher education—a field that began with social movement pressure surrounding contentious issues and evolved over decades into a settled field. The study defines and traces two distinct elements of shared understanding in this field: discursive coherence and discursive agreement. Discursive coherence is a shared understanding of which issues matter to a field. Discursive agreement concerns how much agreement there is among field actors regarding those issues. To trace these indicators, we utilize topic modeling alongside qualitative coding of a sample of messages from an online forum of conversations focused on the nascent field. We find that discursive coherence increases over time, but that coherent issues are also more likely to exhibit disagreement, indicating that more coherent issues are seen as more consequential, and therefore more ‘worthy of debate’ in the nascent field.
1406 Same-Day Discharge Following Vaginal Hysterectomy with Pelvic Floor Reconstruction: A Pilot Study

Study Objective Determine safety and feasibility of same-day discharge in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor reconstruction. Design Prospective cohort pilot study. Setting Single academic medical center. Patients or Participants Women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor reconstruction were considered for inclusion in the study. Interventions Same-day discharge or overnight hospitalization following surgery. Measurements and Main Results A total cohort of 55 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic floor reconstruction for pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence was identified. The control group consisted of 19 women that were planned for overnight hospitalization. The intervention group had 36 women that were planned for same-day discharge. In the intervention group, 63.9% of patients (n=23) were successfully discharged home and 36.1% (n=13) required an unplanned overnight admission. Reasons for unplanned admission included persistent anesthetic effects (dizziness/nausea/drowsiness) (n=9; 69%), uncontrolled pain (n=1, 7.7%), fever (n=1, 7.7%), anemia (n=2, 15.4%), with return to operating room for hematoma evacuation (n=1; 7.7%). Voiding trial was passed on first attempt in 30 patients (54.5%). The percentage of successful voiding trials on the first attempt was 30.8% for patients requiring unplanned admission and 78.9% for patients with planned overnight hospitalization (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in the number of emergency department visits (p=0.677) or unplanned office visits (p=0.193) between the control and intervention groups. Conclusion Same-day discharge after vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor reconstruction appears to be safe and feasible. Patients who were discharged the same-day did not require a higher volume of emergency department or office evaluations.
Teacher training for rheumatology fellows: a national needs assessment of fellows and program directors.

Teaching is an integral part of what we do as physicians, and exposure to training on how to effectively teach is not consistently implemented in the curricula within medical training. We administered anonymous, in-person surveys to fellows and program directors (PDs) at the 2017 American College of Rheumatology national conference to evaluate fellow and PD attitudes regarding development of programs dedicated to teaching fellows on how to teach. One hundred seven of 150 fellows returned surveys (response rate 71%). About 60% demonstrated interest in pursuing a teaching-focused career. About 97% felt their teaching skills can be improved; 88% felt improved teaching skills will be valuable for their career. With 61% response rate (57/94 PD surveys), most PDs agreed their fellows could use additional instruction in teaching. About 90% noted this would be an asset for fellows’ careers. When compared, 56% of fellows reported no structured training in education during fellowship, while 64% of PDs said this type of training was available. All agreed fellow teaching skills can be improved but significantly more fellows than faculty felt confident in the fellows’ ability to give feedback (p = 0.03). Both groups identified time constraints and other faculty interest as barriers. There is significant need to develop effective fellow-as-teacher programs aimed at enhancing fellows’ teaching skills, with focus on giving feedback and working within fellow and faculty time constraints. The program can help address a curriculum gap identified by fellows as well as PDs before fellowship-to-faculty transition.
Reply to Santín et al.: Viscoelastic retardant fluids enable treatments to prevent wildfire on landscapes subject to routine ignitions

Our recent paper (1) reports the development and pilot-scale validation of viscoelastic carrier fluids for ammonium polyphosphate (APP), the primary retardant used in wildland firefighting, to improve retention on common ignition-prone vegetation to protect through environmental exposure. In response to our paper, Santin et al. (2) state that while our approach is worthy of further exploration we did not provide sufficient support for suitability of these fluids at large scale. Specifically, they question the 1) environmental impact, 2) effectiveness through weathering, 3) economic feasibility, and 4) effectiveness in combating approaching wildfire. Several of Santin et al.’s (2) critiques arise from a severe misunderstanding of the intended use of our retardant fluids, highlighted by their suggestion that preventative … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: eappel{at}stanford.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Mandatory Audit Partner Rotations and Audit Quality in the United States

This study uses a sample of mandatory partner rotation events hand-collected from SEC filings to investigate the relation between mandatory audit partner rotation and audit quality in the United St...
3.2 – Wastewater Constituents

Whether it originates from households, industries, or stormwater runoff, wastewater composition is highly influenced by its source. Household and industrial wastewater may combine with storm water in municipal treatment plants, mixing and diluting constituents previously concentrated at their source. As wastewater is increasingly recognized as a resource, recovery opportunities need to be identified along with the treatment options. Wastewater composition affects both the objectives of resource recovery and treatment efficiency. A complete understanding of what makes up wastewater and where those constituents come from may help in achieving a more sustainable use and treatment of wastewater.
Boundary Disputes: In Inflamed Skin, Mast Cells Expand and Disorganize Stable Clonal Territories.

Skin mast cells (MCs) are distinct from other MCs, and for years, we have tried to understand their origin and peculiarities. A recent study demonstrated that during development, MCs enter the skin from the yolk sac and embryonic liver and are later mixed with cells originating from the bone marrow. A report from Weitzmann et al. (2020) shows that MCs or their precursors occupy distinct areas in the fetal period and that they and their progeny maintain these geographic distributions throughout life. These stable clonal territories are altered only by the arrival of bone marrow‒derived MCs during inflammation.
Designing a Broadband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Beamforming

A 2×2 corporate-fed microstrip patch antenna array with broadband and circularly polarized characteristics was developed to investigate the millimeter-wave beamforming technique. A beamforming network that provides equally divided power and true-time delay progressive phase shifts was deployed to provide the corresponding rotation phase to each array element. A high gain and circularly polarized radiation pattern over a wide-frequency range was obtained at the array’s broadside. The impacts of the broadband operation are evaluated and discussed. The broadband and circularly polarized characteristics of our proposed array are ideal for modern communication systems.
Neonatal ethanol causes profound reduction of cholinergic cell number in the basal forebrain of adult animals.

Abstract In animal models that mimic human third-trimester fetal development, ethanol causes substantial cellular apoptosis in the brain, but for most brain structures, the extent of permanent neuron loss that persists into adulthood is unknown. We injected ethanol into C57BL/6J mouse pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) to model human late-gestation ethanol toxicity, and then used stereological methods to investigate adult cell numbers in several subcortical neurotransmitter systems that project extensively in the forebrain to regulate arousal states. Ethanol treatment caused especially large reductions (34–42%) in the cholinergic cells of the basal forebrain, including cholinergic cells in the medial septal/vertical diagonal band nuclei (Ch1/Ch2) and in the horizontal diagonal band/substantia innominata/nucleus basalis nuclei (Ch3/Ch4). Cell loss was also present in non-cholinergic basal forebrain cells, as demonstrated by 34% reduction of parvalbumin-immunolabeled GABA cells and 25% reduction of total Nissl-stained neurons in the Ch1/Ch2 region. In contrast, cholinergic cells in the striatum were reduced only 12% by ethanol, and those of the brainstem pedunculopontine/lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei (Ch5/Ch6) were not significantly reduced. Similarly, ethanol did not significantly reduce dopamine cells of the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra or serotonin cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Orexin (hypocretin) cells in the hypothalamus showed a modest reduction (14%). Our findings indicate that the basal forebrain is especially vulnerable to alcohol exposure in the late gestational period. Reduction of cholinergic and GABAergic projection neurons from the basal forebrain that regulate forebrain arousal may contribute to the behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with neonatal ethanol exposure.
Probing Yeast Polarity with Acute, Reversible, Optogenetic Inhibition of Protein Function

We recently developed a technique for rapidly and reversibly inhibiting protein function through light-inducible sequestration of proteins away from their normal sites of action. Here, we adapt this method for inducible inactivation of Bem1, a scaffold protein involved in budding yeast polarity. We find that acute inhibition of Bem1 produces profound defects in cell polarization and cell viability that are not observed in bem1Δ. By disrupting Bem1 activity at specific points in the cell cycle, we demonstrate that Bem1 is essential for the establishment of polarity and bud emergence but is dispensable for the growth of an emerged bud. By taking advantage of the reversibility of Bem1 inactivation, we show that pole size scales with cell size, and that this scaling is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. Our experiments reveal how rapid reversible inactivation of protein function complements traditional genetic approaches. This strategy should be widely applicable to other biological contexts.
Novel Aspects of Mechanical Signaling in Cardiac Tissue

Cardiac hypertrophy is a common outcome of hypertension or myocardial infarction and a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Under increased hemodynamic load, the heart compensates by undergoing compensatory hypertrophy, a response that restores lost function and normalizes wall stress. Although initially beneficial, hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure since sustained cardiac hypertrophy can lead to decompensation and subsequent failure. Since cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated and lose the ability to replicate soon after birth, these cells respond to increased work load by an increase in cell size. An intriguing and unresolved aspect of this process has been the ability of myocytes to sense mechanical stimuli and convert it into intracellular growth signals. Recent studies have focused on identifying the underlying mechanisms responsible for cardiac hypertrophy. A number of mechanosensors and signal transduction pathways have been identified as potential regulators of the hypertrophic response. Integrins and stretch-activated calcium channels have been shown to couple to low-molecular weight GTPases (Ras, Rae, RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase C. This review will discuss the key aspects of these signal transduction mechanisms.
Vestibulospinal reflexes and the reticular formation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basis of reflex and vestibulocollic neuron dynamics. Both vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts contribute to vestibulospinal reflexes. Reticulospinal fibers make an important contribution to the horizontal vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) of the decerebrate cat. The chapter describes their contribution to the vertical VCR. Processing, which is necessary for producing some of the spatial properties of the vertical VCR, takes place outside the vestibular nuclei. Results from pontomedullary reticulospinal neurons receiving vestibular input and projecting to different levels of the spinal cord exhibit that almost no cells receive only vertical canal input while approximately half receive otolith input. As is the case for vestibulocollic neurons, these reticulospinal neurons also lack the properties required to produce all of the VCR's spatial properties. Two conclusions are that in response to stimuli in vertical planes pontomedullary reticulospinal fibers are best suited to contribute to otolith reflexes and that the spatial properties of the VCR depend in part on convergence of inputs within the neck itself.
Capital structure choice of foreign subsidiaries: evidence from multinationals in Brazil

Is the capital structure choice of a foreign subsidiary different from the choice of a comparable company controlled by nationals? If so, what are the differences? In this paper we shed some light on these questions by looking at a sample of foreign subsidiaries in Brazil over the period 1985 to 1994. We fmd that the foreign subsidiaries in our sample are more levered than their Brazilian counterparts. This difference, however, has dec1ined over time. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that foreign subsidiaries increase leverage as a hedge against an expropriation of assets in a nationalization processo
Congestion Control in Wireless Mesh Networks

In this chapter, layer-2 hop-by-hop congestion control mechanisms for wireless mesh networks are studied. First, background on development of congestion control as a research area is presented. Then, congestion is defined and the causes of congestion in a mesh network are identified. The steps and challenges for development of a congestion control protocol are explored by dividing congestion control mechanism into three main functions: congestion detection, signaling, and resolution. Stability and fairness in the context of rate control are studied, and global stability in the presence of delay is identified as the main challenge faced by hop-by-bop congestion control algorithms in multihop networks. The congestion control framework in the IEEE 802.11 draft standard on mesh networking is then presented. The chapter concludes with thoughts for practitioners and areas for future research in this field.
Priority In Clinical Chemistry: Does It Match International Public Health Need?

The World Health Organization reported mortality (number of deaths) and morbidity (number of disability-adjusted life-years) data for 1999 for each of 97 different causes of morbidity and mortality in a world composite population and 14 regional populations covering most of the world (1). The 14 regional populations are defined by geographic location and mortality rate as listed in Table 1⇓ . View this table: Table 1. Correlation between the number of publications in Clinical Chemistry on, and the number of deaths (mortality) or disability-adjusted life-years (morbidity) from, 97 different causes in different populations. I scanned each editorial, article, case report, technical brief, letter to the editor, and independent abstract published in four sources in Clinical Chemistry : volume 47, number S6; volume 47, numbers 1–12 excluding S6; volume 48, number S6; and volume 48, numbers 1–12 excluding S6. The S6, National Meeting, issue was treated separately because the criteria for publishing in S6 differ from those for publishing in the other issues. I assigned each publication to one of two categories according to whether it did or …
Structural Model Studies for the High-Valent Intermediate Q of Methane Monooxygenase from Broken-Symmetry Density Functional Calculations.

Mossbauer isomer shift parameters have been obtained for both density functional theory (DFT) OPBE and OLYP functionals by linear regressions between the measured isomer shifts and calculated electron densities at Fe nuclei for a number of Fe(2+,2.5+) and Fe(2.5+,3+,3.5+,4+) complexes grouped separately. The calculated isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings on the sample Fe complexes from OPBE and OLYP functionals are similar to those of PW91 calculations (J. Comput. Chem. 27 (2006) 1292), however the fit parameters from the linear regressions differ between PW91 and OPBE, OLYP. Four models for the active site structure of the hydroxylase component of soluble methane monooxygenase (MMOH) have been studied, using three DFT functionals OPBE, OLYP, and PW91, incorporated with broken-symmetry methodology and the conductor-like screening (COSMO) solvation model. The calculated properties, including optimized geometries, electronic energies, pK(a)'s, Fe net spin populations, and Mossbauer isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings, have been reported and compared with available experimental values. The high-spin antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled Fe(4+) sites are correctly predicted by OPBE and OLYP methods for all active site models. PW91 potential overestimates the Fe-ligand covalencies for some of the models because of spin crossover. Our calculations and data analysis support the structure (our current model II shown in Figure 8) proposed by Friesner and Lippard's group (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 (2001) 3836-3837), which contains an Fe(4+)(μ-O)(2)Fe(4+) center, one axial water which also H-bonds to both side chains of Glu243 and Glu114, and one bidentate carboxylate group from the side chain of Glu144, which is likely to represent the active site of MMOH-Q. A new model structure (model IV shown in Figure 9), which has a terminal hydroxo and a protonated His147 which is dissociated from a nearby Fe, is more asymmetric in its Fe(μ-O)(2)Fe diamond core, and is another very good candidate for intermediate Q.
Guided propagation along quadrupolar chains of plasmonic nanoparticles

The employment of periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles has been proposed by several groups for enhanced transmission or absorption and for realizing optical nanowaveguides. Generally, due to their small transverse dimensions, such linear arrays have been operated near their dipolar resonance. However, it has been recently shown that nanoscale plasmonic particles may also support higher-order resonances, which provide some advantages in different applications. Here we derive a full-wave analytical closed-form dispersion equation for the guided and leaky modes supported by linear chains of nanoparticles near a quadrupolar resonance. We show that, despite the vanishing bandwidth of the individual quadrupolar resonance in each of the nanoparticles composing the chain, the overall bandwidth of quadrupolar chain guidance is relatively large due to strong coupling, even considering realistic losses and frequency dispersion of optical materials. Applications for low-damping optical nanotransmission lines and leaky-wave nanoantennas are suggested.
Templating and structural engineering in organic–inorganic perovskites

Hybrid perovskites provide the possibility of integrating useful organic and inorganic characteristics within a single crystalline molecular-scale composite, enabling unique electronic, magnetic and optical properties. The ability to understand and control the organic and inorganic structural attributes of these hybrids is important for being able to engineer the physical characteristics, both for fundamental studies as well as potential applications. Recently, a number of new and interesting perovskite structures have been reported and a better understanding has begun to emerge with respect to crystal design considerations. This contribution will review several of these new developments and will provide a more general discussion of structural engineering within this diverse family of compounds. p
5.2.1 The Facility Location for Emergency Response –A Multi‐objective Approach

In the event of a bio-hazard break out in a city, response agencies will open Temporary Emergency Units (TEUs) in every affected neighborhood to vaccinate the population. Through evolutionary algorithms, this research shows how response agencies can choose the best locations for setting up TEUs when a set of competing objectives are considered. Based on the proposed approach, response agencies can obtain trade-off solutions with respect to: a) setting up few TEUs, but with the drawback that processing the entire population might take a long time, or b) processing the entire population in time, by setting up a large number of facilities.
Three-dimensional holographic data processing and wavelength readout for range-doppler-angle radar, and synthetic-aperture radar

The utilization of three dimensions of parallelism in photorefractive data processors is extended to parallel three- dimensional readout for the two radar scenarios of radar doppler and ranging processing, and 3D synthetic aperture radar. These are scenarios in which the data processing has full parallelism in all of three dimensions, making the volume holographic approach attractive. The result of this processing gives us a surface with the third dimension coded with the wavelength and the value represented by the intensity so that the three dimensions of data may be read out in parallel with the use of a three-color CCD.
Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People

Objectives. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of stroke among Alaska Natives, which is essential for designing effective stroke prevention and intervention efforts for this population.Methods. We conducted an analysis of death certificate data for the state of Alaska for the period 1984 to 2003, comparing age-standardized stroke mortality rates among Alaska Natives residing in Alaska vs US Whites by age category, gender, stroke type, and time.Results. Compared with US Whites, Alaska Natives had significantly elevated stroke mortality from 1994 to 2003 but not from 1984 to 1993. Alaska Native women of all age groups and Alaska Native men younger than 45 years of age had the highest risk, although the rates for those younger than 65 years were statistically imprecise. Over the 20-year study period, the stroke mortality rate was stable for Alaska Natives but declined for US Whites.Conclusions. Stroke mortality is higher among Alaska Natives, especially women, than among US Whites. Over the past 20 years,...
Safety in the Rehabilitation Setting: A Nursing Perspective

Patient safety, including keeping patients safe from harm or unintentional injury, is key to shortening the length of hospital stays, encouraging positive patient outcomes, and contributing to the hospital's financial state. Freedom from pressure ulcers, falls, and medication errors is an important component of patient safety. The parallel concept of nurse safety cannot be ignored. Keeping nurses safe from injury helps decrease their feelings of stress and minimizes sick time. Maintaining a safe environment for patients and staff is a win-win situation for all involved.
A fast grain-growth mechanism revealed in nanocrystalline ceramic-oxides

Grain growth issues in nanocrystalline ceramic oxides render their highly attractive properties practically unusable due to limited understanding of the underlying grain-growth mechanisms. Two conventional “slow” grain-growth mechanisms, i.e. curvature driven and grain-rotation driven, are shown to be thermally active, and the discovery of a “fast” disorder-driven mechanism is revealed using molecular dynamics simulation on nanocrystalline ceria, in conjunction with experimental observations. We show that this disorder mechanism drives the unexpected fast grain growth observed experimentally during synthesis and irradiation conditions.
Photoelectron Imaging as a Quantum Chemistry Visualization Tool

An overview and simple example of photoelectron imaging is presented, highlighting its efficacy as a pedagogical tool for visualizing quantum phenomena. Specifically, photoelectron imaging of H– (the simplest negative ion) is used to demonstrate several quantum mechanical principles. This example could be incorporated into an introductory quantum chemistry course to extend the traditional discussion of the photoelectric effect and photoelectron spectroscopy into the area of matter waves. In working through this example, several core quantum-mechanical topics and concepts have been explored, such as conservation of angular momentum, the transition dipole moment, components of the hydrogenic orbitals, the Born interpretation of the wave function, and the theory of quantum measurement.
Urokinase plasminogen activator amino-terminal peptides inhibit development of the rat ventral prostate.

Abstract The plasma membrane urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) localizes and enhances activation of pro-uPA. Active uPA, in turn, promotes increased degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by activation of plasminogen. uPAR binds to ECM molecules and integrins, which can affect cellular adhesion, signal transduction, and gene regulation. The current study examines the expression and function of uPAR in developing rat ventral prostates (VPs). We report that newborn VPs express uPAR mRNA and protein. In addition, the function of uPAR-bound uPA during in vitro prostatic development was studied by adding recombinant peptide competitive inhibitors of uPA-uPAR binding. Newborn VP explants were cultured in serum-free media for one week with 10 −8 M testosterone plus chimeric peptides containing a human immunoglobulin G Fc domain and either human uPA amino acids 1 – 138 (hu-uPA 1 – 138) as a control or mouse uPA amino acids 1 – 138 (mo-uPA 1 – 138) or 1 – 48 (mo-uPA 1 – 48). Hu-uPA 1 – 138-treated VPs underwent normal ductal branching morphogenesis and tissue differentiation. In contrast, VPs treated with mo-uPA 1 – 138 or mo-uPA 1 – 48 displayed a dose-dependent perturbation of ductal branching. Differentiation of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues was also impaired. Mo-uPA 1 – 48-treated VPs contained significantly more apoptotic cells. These observations suggest that disruption of uPA binding to uPAR results in a retardation of the development of newborn VPs.
Dermal-epidermal interactions and the site of action of the yellow (Ay) and nonagouti (a) coat color genes in the mouse.

Abstract The alleles at the agouti locus in mice determine whether eumelanin or pheomelanin is synthesized by the follicular melanocytes. Previous studies have indicated the dermis as the site of action of the agouti alleles, while implying that the epidermis plays only a passive role. Using methods of dermal-epidermal recombinations of embryonic yellow ( A y ) and nonagouti ( a ) mouse skin, the study reported here indicates that the epidermis, as well as the dermis, plays a role in the action of the agouti alleles. When yellow dermis is recombined with nonagouti epidermis, the hairs produced contain only pheomelanin, thus substantiating the role of the dermis. However, the reciprocal combination of nonagouti dermis and yellow epidermis also produces hairs containing pheomelanin, indicating a more important role for the epidermis. The role of the dermal-epidermal interactions in the action of the alleles at the agouti locus is discussed.
Management of Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacilli: The Role of Antimicrobial Combinations

Treatment with antimicrobial combinations is generally used to provide broad-spectrum coverage and/or to enhance antimicrobial activity (synergism). Extensive in vitro documentation of synergism exists for many such combinations, but an obvious benefit has been difficult to demonstrate clinically. Several types of therapeutically useful combinations often result in synergism; these combinations include a cell wall-active agent with an aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol, a beta-lactamase inhibitor with a beta-lactam antibiotic, and agents that inhibit sequential steps in a metabolic pathway. Combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics may be synergistic by means of several mechanisms, but such combinations have significant potential for antagonism when used against gram-negative bacilli and, thus, must be evaluated closely before clinical use.
Infrared study of nitric oxide adsorbed on silica-supported chromia

Abstract The infrared spectrum of NO adsorbed on a 1.28% Cr sample supported on silica has bands at 1875, 1800, and 1745 cm −1 . The 1875 and 1745 cm −1 bands behave as if they arise from one discrete species. These two bands behave as a pair when the chromia concentration is varied or when the adsorption temperature is lowered to −78 °C. On the basis of the position and intensity of the two infrared bands, the surface species producing the spectrum is predicted to be an N 2 O 2 dimer. The 1800 cm −1 infrared band behaves differently from the other two bands and is attributed to monomeric NO.
THE POLLS—A REVIEW: MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NINETIES

Devant le changement de la societe et les nouvelles methodes d'enquete, le Bureau des statistisques du travail a modifie son questionnaire relatif au chomage. Ces modifications ont eu un effet sur les nouveaux resultats au niveau du pays et au niveau des etats : le taux de chomage est plus eleve
Single top production as a probe of heavy resonances

The single top-quark final state provides sensitivity to new heavy resonances produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Particularly, the single top plus quark final state appears in models with heavy charged bosons or scalars, or in models with flavor-changing neutral currents involving the top quark. The cross sections and final-state kinematics distinguish such models from each other and from standard model backgrounds. Several models of resonances decaying to a single top-quark final state are presented and their phenomenology is discussed.
Exercise performance and quality of life following surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in the pediatric population.

Objective We sought to evaluate exercise performance and quality of life in children after surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with an interarterial course. Methods Patients who had surgery from October 2001 to January 2007 were eligible for inclusion. Exercise performance and quality of life were prospectively assessed by maximal exercise tests and age-appropriate questionnaires, respectively. We used t tests to compare pre- and postoperative exercise data and quality-of-life scores to published normative data. We performed linear regression analyses to assess associations between demographic, anatomic, and exercise variables and quality-of-life score. Results Of 25/27 patients, 64% were boys, 68% had anomalous right coronary, 32% were asymptomatic. Average age at surgery was 10.8 (±4.1) years; median follow-up was 14.5 (2 to 48) months. Postoperative percent-predicted exercise values were: peak heart rate 97 (±6), working capacity 91 (±15), maximal oxygen consumption 82 (±16). In those who had preoperative exercise testing (n = 11), resting and maximal heart rates decreased significantly without significant change in exercise performance. Average child quality of life was 85/100 (±13) and parent-proxy 88 (±11) compared with normal scores of 83 (±15) and 88 (±12), respectively. Conclusion There is mild chronotropic impairment in children and adolescents following anomalous coronary artery repair without a decline in exercise performance. This does not appear to impair their overall quality of life. Because long-term effects on heart rate, exercise performance, and quality of life are unknown, serial exercise tests should be included as routine care of these patients.
NATURE OF H-BONDING IN CLUSTERS, LIQUIDS, AND ENZYMES : AN AB INITIO, NATURAL BOND ORBITAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract Ab initio computational chemistry and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis provide insight into the electronic principles governing H-bonded clusters. The energetics of such clusters are dominated by cooperative intermolecular delocalization (charge transfer) whose enthalpic and entropic contributions lead to aggregation patterns quite different from those predicted by pairwise-additive empirical potentials in common usage. We outline a Quantum Cluster Equilibrium (QCE) theory that describes gas/liquid thermodynamic properties of H-bonded fluids, and we summarize the general principles of H-bond network formation that appear to govern thermodynamic stability. We compare the H-bond network structures found in simple liquids with that of the “catalytic triad” active site of chymotrypsinogen and related serine proteases. A simple ab initio “gas phase” cluster model is shown to qualitatively reproduce the H-bond network of the enzyme active site, thereby suggesting its intrinsic electronic and physiological function. We discuss how the non-linearities of H-bond networks can lead to profound increases in structural complexity in the enzyme environment.
On Clifford Geertz and His “Anti Anti‐Relativism”

Being a physicist, it took me a long time to dare comment on Geertz's "Distinguished Lecture: Anti Anti-Relativism" (AA 86:263278, 1984). His is the animus of a man on the stump: Geertz's claim of not being a relativist, while defending relativism, recalls the antiDemocrat harangue at the 1984 Republican Convention by Ms. Jeane Kirkpatrick, then a "Democrat." Thus one can claim "objectivity" and be plus-royaliste-que-le-roi. I expect that Geertz, like Kirkpatrick, will change parties soon; he has admitted being led into relativism, "complexly" (Geertz 1983:151). Also rhetorical is his nostra culpa: "We have, no doubt, on occasion.... transformed idiosyncrasies into puzzles, puzzles into mysteries, and mysteries into humbug" (p. 275). Naming nobody, he exculpates everybody. Geertz asserts relativists' pugnacity is but "the expression of a perception . . . the world being so full of a number of things, rushing to judgment is more than a mistake, it's a crime" rather than "self-evident proof' of relativists' fundamental inconsistency, as if arguing against a rush to judgment is sufficient to ensure one is ipso facto logically consistent, no matter what the argument. Besides, what a gratuitous set-up of straw men! Who advocates a stampede to judgment? He scorns some, such as Melford Spiro, for criticizing relativism but late in life. Yet Geertz correctly highlights relativists' "thou-shalt-not-judge" stance.
Break-up of a liquid jet: second perturbation solution for one-dimensional Cosserat theory

The second perturbation solution is derived within the nonlinear one-dimensional Cosserat theory for a liquid jet emanating from a nozzle with harmonic excitation. Numerical results are presented for parameters relevant to ink-jet printing technology. Satellite drops are predicted but always in the backward merging condition. The results are compared with the corresponding solution obtained by Pimbley and Lee, who used a different one-dimensional set of equations with a different formulation of the problem and obtained forward merging satellite drops under some conditions.
USES AND POTENTIAL USES OF LEGUMINOUS TREES FOR MINIMAL ENERGY INPUT AGRICULTURE

Leguminous tree orchards are proposed as an agricultural system requiring minimal input of fossil fuel, machinery, and capital. Legume orchards fix nitrogen, require neither tillage nor irrigation, and, potentially, provide large yields of nutritious pods. Further, our analytical data show seed protein contents ranging from 16 to 69 percent, with one species having an amino acid profile superior to that of casein.
Role for endonuclease I in the transmission process of colicin E 2 .

The bactericide colicin E2 is believed to act by binding to surface receptors and thereby initiating the movement of periplasmic endonuclease I to the membrane or cytoplasm, with subsequent DNA degradation. Escherichia coli cells are found to become resistant to colicin E2 by losing their endonuclease I through mutation or osmotic shock treatment.
The Effect of Ethoxyquin on Tissue Peroxidation and Immune Status of Single Comb White Leghorn Cockerels

Abstract The responses to supplementing the diet of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels with ethoxyquin were tested on two parameters: 1) tissue peroxidation and 2) immune response. In the first experiment, three concentrations of supplemental ethoxyquin (0, 500, and 1,000 ppm) were added to a basal diet and fed to SCWL cockerels for 6 wk. Tissue peroxidation was assessed by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen. The TBARS concentration in response to 500 ppm dietary ethoxyquin was significantly lower in the liver and spleen tissues, whereas in the kidneys, 1,000 ppm ethoxyquin significantly lowered TBARS. In a second experiment, four concentrations of ethoxyquin (0, 125, 500, and 1,000 ppm) were added to a basal diet and fed to SCWL cockerels for 8 wk. The primary and secondary immune response were assessed by determining antibody titers to the Newcastle disease virus using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and ELISA. The HI and ELISA titers for the primary and secondary immune response were not significantly different from the control. Analysis of body weight, feed conversion, and organ weight revealed no statistically significant differences between treatments, although in the second experiment the dietary treatment of 1,000 ppm ethoxyquin resulted in significantly higher relative liver weight.
REINFORCEMENT IN GROUP PROBLEM-SOLVING WITH ARITHMETIC PROBLEMS'

Sunzma~y.-Sixty four-man groups using communication nets adapted from Leavitt and Shaw (All-Channel, Wheel, and Circle) were run under conditions of reinforcement and non-reinforcement on six arithmetic problems. Reinforcement was found to significantly decrease time for All-Channel groups. Citcle groups decreased time but not significantly, while Wheel groups increased their scores. Reinforced All-Channel groups used significantly fewer messages. Morale scores tended to be higher for the non-reinforced groups than for the reinforced. Th:: combination of net structure, level of problem and stress of reinforcement are suggested as accounting for the results. Whlle a number of investigations in the past ten years have considered various aspects of group problem-solving, Leavitt ( 195 I), Shaw ( 1954a, 1954b), Guetzkow and Simon ( 1355), Cohen, et al. (1962), and Shure, et al. ( 1962 ), the effect of reinforcement on group problem-solving has not been systematically evaluated. This report presents the second phase of an investigation of the effect of reinforcement on problem-solving. The first report (Lawson, 1964) dealt wich the effect of reinforcement on communication groups which solved simple symbol problems af the type used by Leavitt. In the first investigation three types of communicarion nets were used: the All-Channel, the Wheel and
Trigonometric Integrals and Hadamard Products

(1999). Trigonometric Integrals and Hadamard Products. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 1, pp. 36-42.
Comparison of the clinical course of Hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents.

In this study the clinical features and response to therapy of 34 children, 4–10 years of age, and 54 adolescents, 11–20 years of age, were compared. The therapeutic response in patients in this series entered on a formal protocol was compared with nonstudy patients. The 2 age groups had similar sex ratios, characterized by male predominance, and age was not a determining factor in the extent of disease at diagnosis. By contrast, the distribution of histopathology varied between children and adolescents: mixed cellularity was most prevalent in the 4–10-year group (14/34), while nodular sclerosis predominated in the older patients (23/55). Remission induction and duration were not age dependent, but remission duration did differ between study and nonstudy patients. Forty-five of 57 patients in the former group remain in continuous complete remission compared to 7 of 31 in the latter group. From these results we conclude that the clinical course of Hodgkin's disease is similar in children and adolescents and that the aggressive therapy combined with careful staging used so successfully in adults should be adhered to in younger patients.
Short-term Effects of Poultry Litter Form and Rate on Soil Bulk Density and Water Content

Abstract Poultry litter is an organic amendment that has been used successfully as an alternative nutrient source to inorganic, commercial fertilizers. Poultry litter also has the potential to improve other aspects of soil quality. However, few field studies have been conducted to ascertain the effects of poultry litter on soil physical properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of poultry litter form (i.e., fresh vs. pelletized) and rate on soil bulk density and water content and early-season stand development in three fine-textured soils of the Mississippi River Delta region of eastern Arkansas that are commonly cropped to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Six litter rates were used representing a range of total nitrogen (N) rates. Soil samples were collected from the 0- to 10-cm depth between four and six weeks after litter application and incorporation for bulk density and volumetric water content determination. Leaf area index was measured as an indicator of early-season s...
The Relation of the Ibc Protein Antigen to the Opsonization Differences Between Strains of Type II Group B Streptococci

by the presence of the trypsin-resistant and trypsin-sensitive components of the Ibc protein antigen and studied for opsonization differences by using polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence (CL). Type II strains varied in their ease of opsonization: strains possessing both components of the Ibc protein elicited a significantly lower mean CL peak (P < .05) and a smaller CL integral (P < .01) than did type II strains lacking both components or strains lacking type polysaccharide antigen but possessing the Ibc protein antigen. These strain differences were seen consistently with different sera and were also observed in an opsonophagocytic killing assay. Differences in opsonizing ability and bacterial killing were found for three standard test sera but could not be related to the concentration of type-specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide antigen. Our studies suggested that the Ibc protein antigen was one factor that contributed to the resistance to opsonization of strains of type II group B streptococci.
TRANSIENT HYPOTHYROXINEMIA OF PREMATURITY (HOP) ♦ 379

HOP, defined as normal TSH and low T4 in preterm infants, has been associated with poor longterm neurodevelopmental outcome, implying that treatment with thyroxine might be beneficial. Conversely, lower metabolic rates induced by low T4 may be protective. Chart review of 893 infants≤1500 gms born 1/1/93-12/31/95 revealed 316 with HOP by state screen, with the remaining 577 serving as controls. Infants with HOP were younger(27.2±2.4 vs 28.3±3.1 wks EGA), smaller (BW 960±264 vs 1067±283 gms), and morbidity greater for the following markers: Gd 4 IVH, 7 vs 4.5%; Gd 3 IVH, 9.5 vs 4.8%; NEC, 20.6 vs 9.6%; NEC + surgery, 15.2 vs 4.5%; late sepsis, 45.6 vs 26.9%; PDA ligation, 27.2 vs 8.8%; vent-dependency: 8-30 days, 39.2 vs 18.8%; 31-90 days, 20.3 vs 4.1%; >90 days, 2.8 vs 0.8% (each p<0.001, except Gd 4 IVH, p=0.08). Mortality was not dif- ferent between HOP and controls (17.7 vs 19.2%; p=0.59). However, if controlled for EGA, BW and gender, mortality was lower in HOP infants (odds ratio 55%, p=0.003). These data indicate that HOP occurs in smaller and sicker infants, suggest that HOP may protect against mortality, and emphasize the need for controlled trials examining the effects of thyroxine treatment on shortterm mortality as well as longterm neurodevelopmental outcome.
Observation of visible-range laser oscillation in a chemically produced 0 4 * complex system

A new, visible chemical laser system analogous toexcimer lasers has been investigated. The present system utilizes chemically produced 0 4 complex showing a relatively broad spectrum centered at 703 nm. Laser gain as high as 2.8% has been observed in the visible spectral range. Laser oscillation has also been observed at several lines. We believe that this is the first demonstration of a chemical laser oscillation in the visible range. Experimental results are presented and discussed.
Model predictive regenerative braking control for lightweight electric vehicles with in-wheel motors:

This paper presents a nonlinear model predictive controller for regenerative braking control of lightweight electric vehicles equipped with in-wheel motors. In-wheel-motors-driven electric vehicles...