cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes

Abstract The effect of the anti-neoplastic agent adriamycin on the peroxidation of lipids from rat liver and heart mitochondria and rat liver microsomes was investigated. The extent of total lipid peroxidation was determined by assaying for malondialdehyde (MDA), while the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids was monitored using gas chromatography. For liver mitochondria and microsomes, the formation of MDA was dependent on the concentrations of adriamycin, Fe 3+ , and protein, as well as time. In the presence of 50 μM adriamycin and saturating amounts of NADH, 1.5 ± 0.2 nmol MDA/mg protein/ 60 min was produced with liver mitochondria. Upon addition of 25 μM Fe 3+ , the amount of MDA generated was increased to 6.5 ± 0.1 nmol/mg protein/60 min. Liver microsomes produced amounts which were approximately 2-fold higher under all conditions. No MDA formation could be detected in rat heart mitochondria. The addition of 50 μM chlorpromazine completely inhibited peroxidation, whereas 0.5 to 1.0 mM p -bromophenacyl bromide blocked MDA formation by 50%. Analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography showed that there was about a 50% decrease in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in liver mitochondria and microsomes, but no change in the fatty acid content of heart mitochondria when incubated with both 50 μM adriamycin and 25 μM Fe 3+ for 1 hr. These results suggest that (1) therapeutic concentrations of adriamycin enhance the peroxidation of lipids in liver mitochondria and microsomes through an enzymatic mechanism, especially in the presence of Fe 3+ ; and (2) toxicity of this drug may be related to the degradation of membrane lipids.
Capacitive Bulk Acoustic Wave Silicon Disk Gyroscopes

This paper introduces the capacitive bulk acoustic wave (BAW) silicon disk gyroscope. The capacitive BAW disk gyroscopes operate in the frequency range of 2-8MHz, are stationary devices with vibration amplitudes less than 20nm, and achieve very high quality factors (Q) in low vacuum (and even in atmosphere), which simplifies their wafer-scale packaging. The device has lower operating voltages compared to low-frequency gyroscopes, which simplifies the interface circuit design and implementation in standard CMOS.
Privacy-Preserving Ranked Search on Public-Key Encrypted Data

The massive production of digital data and the complexity of the underlying data management, motivate individuals and enterprises to outsource their computational needs to the cloud. While popular cloud computing platforms provide flexible and inexpensive solutions, they do so with minimal support for data security and privacy. As a result, owners of sensitive information may be skeptical in purchasing such services, given the risks associated with the unauthorized access to their data. To this end, searchable encryption is a family of cryptographic protocols that facilitate private keyword searches directly on encrypted data. These protocols allow users to upload encrypted versions of their documents to the cloud, while retaining the ability to query the database with traditional plaintext keyword queries. In this paper, we focus on public-key encrypted data and introduce the first method that supports ranked results from multi-keyword searches. Our solution employs a simple indexing structure, and leverages homomorphic encryption and private information retrieval (PIR) protocols to process queries in a privacy-preserving manner. Using measurements from Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud, we show that our method provides reasonable response times with low communication cost.
Positive mood broadens visual attention to positive stimuli

In an attempt to investigate the impact of positive emotions on visual attention within the context of Fredrickson’s (1998) broaden-and-build model, eye tracking was used in two studies to measure visual attentional preferences of college students (n=58, n=26) to emotional pictures. Half of each sample experienced induced positive mood immediately before viewing slides of three similarly-valenced images, in varying central-peripheral arrays. Attentional breadth was determined by measuring the percentage viewing time to peripheral images as well as by the number of visual saccades participants made per slide. Consistent with Fredrickson’s theory, the first study showed that individuals induced into positive mood fixated more on peripheral stimuli than did control participants; however, this only held true for highly-valenced positive stimuli. Participants under induced positive mood also made more frequent saccades for slides of neutral and positive valence. A second study showed that these effects were not simply due to differences in emotional arousal between stimuli. Selective attentional broadening to positive stimuli may act both to facilitate later building of resources as well as to maintain current positive affective states.
An investigation of the relationship between logical thinking structures and the ability to construct and interpret line graphs

This study investigates the relationship between logical thinking structures and the ability to construct and interpret line graphs. Seventy-two subjects in 7th, 9th, and 11th grades were administered individual Piagetian tasks to assess five specific mental structures: (Euclidean spatial structures) (a) Placement and Displacement of Objects (maintaining horizontal and vertical reference frames) and (b) One–One Multiplication of Placement and Displacement Relations (coordinate systems); (c) Multiplicative Measurement; (d) Multiplicative Seriation; and (e) Proportional Reasoning. Graphing abilities were assessed by having the subjects construct and interpret numerous graphs of varying content and difficulty. To minimize the researcher's guesses about interpretation, each subject's answers and reasons were subsequently explored during a clinical interview. The results indicate significant relationships of logical thinking to graphing ability. Multiplicative seriation, multiplicative measurement, and Euclidean spatial structures positively influenced graphing abilities. Subjects who showed evidence of proportional reasoning did significantly better on many graphing situations including choosing the part of the graph with the greatest “rate of change.” Locating points on a graph without a grid was significantly related to horizontal/vertical frames of reference. Students who did not possess the logical thinking structures were more likely to be dependent upon, and influenced by, perceptual cues and less able to interpret or construct graphs correctly.
Preparation and properties of iron vanadium telluride, FeV2Te4☆

Abstract Iron vanadium telluride, FeV2Te4, has been prepared and found to have the monoclinic defect NiAs type structure with unit cell parameters a0 = 6.641 ± 0.005A, b0 = 3.727 ± 0.005A, c0 = 12.36 ± 0.01A, β = 91.75 ± 0.05°. Electrical resistance measurements show FeV2Te4 to be metallic, and magnetic susceptibility vs. temperature data indicate magnetic ordering at approximately 5°K.
Expression of a dominant negative heat shock factor-1 construct inhibits aneuploidy in prostate carcinoma cells

Recent studies have implicated heat shock proteins (HSP) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in tumor progression. We have examined the role of HSF1 in the malignant phenotype of PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. We have developed a dominant negative construct of HSF1 that antagonizes transcription from HSP promoters and results in the depletion of intracellular HSP 70. Our studies indicate that expression of DN-HSF1 dramatically alters the DNA content of PC-3 cells (derived from p53 null prostatic carcinoma) and inhibits aneuploidy in these cells. This effect is due to prolonged expression of DN-HSF1, and transient expression of the dominant negative factor from an inducible promoter failed to cause the effect. Inhibition of aneuploidy in p53 null PC-3 cells by DN-HSF1 expression was recapitulated by expression within the cells of wild type p53. Furthermore, cells expressing DN-HSF1 showed a profound inhibition in the development of aneuploidy when exposed to chemical agents that disrupt the mitotic spindle and prevent progression through metaphase. Inhibition of aneuploidy in PC-3 cells expressing DN-HSF1 was associated with delayed breakdown of cyclin B1 compared with controls, consistent with a role for wild type HSF1 in the regulation of cyclin B1 degradation, a key step in the control of mitosis. Our experiments therefore demonstrate that HSF1 plays a functional role in cancer cells under nonstress conditions and influences cell cycle behavior and progression through mitosis and promotes the development of the aneuploid state.
StarLight interferometer architecture and operational concepts

The StarLight flight project was designed to demonstrate the key technologies of spaceborne long-baseline stellar interferometry and precision formation flying for potential use on the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and other future astrophysics missions. Interferometer performance validation could be achieved over a 6-12 month period by obtaining several hundred fringe visibility amplitude measurements for stars in the band 600-1000 nm for a variety of stellar visibilities, magnitudes, and baselines. Interferometery could be performed both in a 1 meter fixed-baseline combiner-only mode and in a two-spacecraft formation mode. In formation mode, the combiner spacecraft would remain at the focus of a virtual parabola, while the collector spacecraft assumed various positions along the parabola such that the two arms of the interferometer remained equal over a variety of separations and bearing angles. Challenges to be encountered in flight include high-bandwidth inter-spacecraft stellar and metrology pointing control, alingment and shear correction, delay and delay-rate estimation, visibility calibration, and robust fringe trackign in the presence of local and inter-spacecraft dynamics. This paper is based on the StarLight project design-capture of March 2002 and will describe the StarLight Interferometer System architecture and selected operational concepts.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of the region of the Rubella virus genome coding for glycoprotein E1

The sequence of the 1600 3' terminal nucleotides of the RNA of rubella virus was determined from cDNA synthesized from both virion and intracellular RNA using reverse transcriptase and an oligodeoxythymidine primer and cloned into a bacterial plasmid vector. This sequence contained the complete coding sequence for virion envelope protein E1 and a 57 nucleotide nontranslated region between the stop codon for E1 and the poly A tract. The predicted size for E1 was 481 amino acids and within this sequence were three potential N-linked glycosylation sites and a putative trans-membrane domain near the carboxy terminus. Immediately preceding the E1 coding region was a putative signal sequence. No homology was found at either the amino acid or nucleotide level between the region of the rubella virus genome sequenced and corresponding regions of the genomes of the alphaviruses, the other genus of the family Togaviridae for which sequence information has been obtained.
Disruption of the Ascending Aorta: Surgical Management

A disruptive injury to the ascending aorta during a cardiac operation is a serious and often fatal event. Such an injury is described in which the aorta disrupted at the site of the proximal aortocoronary anastomoses. It was possible to repair the aorta using an intraluminal sutureless graft after other techniques of repair failed.
Characterization of cardiac gene cis-regulatory elements in the early stages of chicken heart morphogenesis

Abstract To study transcriptional regulation during early stages of cardiogenesis, stage 10 –17 chicken embryo hearts were transfected efficiently within the intact embryo by application of plasmid DNA complexed to liposomes. Viral regulatory sequences and the skeletalα-actin, SERCA2 and ANF promoters activated expression of reporter genes in the primitive heart tube. Deletion and mutation analysis of the skeletalα-actin promoter revealed the importance of CArGcis-regulatory elements in enhancing transcription of the gene during early heart development. These results demonstrate the utility of this method for the identification of gene regulatory elements that specify the cardiac phenotype during early stages of heart morphogenesis.
Spinal pathways mediate coordinated bladder/urethral sphincter activity during reflex micturition in decerebrate and spinalized neonatal rats

Coordination between the urinary bladder and the external urethral sphincter is necessary for normal voiding. However, it is uncertain whether the spinal cord or brainstem generates this coordination. Bladder and urethral sphincter activity were examined during reflex voiding induced by perineal stimulation or bladder distension in decerebrate non-spinalized and spinalized 15 to 26-day-old neonatal rats. Perineal stimulation induced voiding and coordinated bladder/sphincter activity in both types of rats, indicating that spinal pathways can generate coordinated voiding behavior. The discoordination observed during voiding induced by bladder distension in spinalized pups may be due to the loss of descending pathways or to the emergence of detrimental spinal reflexes.
A conceptual model integrating spatial information to assess target volume coverage for IMRT treatment planning

Abstract Purpose We propose a model that integrates the spatial location of each voxel within a clinical target volume (CTV) to differentiate the merit of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans with similar dose–volume histogram (DVH). This conceptual model is based on the hypothesis that various subregions within a given CTV that may carry different degree of risk in containing microscopic disease. Methods and materials We hypothesize that a correlation between the probability of microscopic tumor extension and the risk of lymph node metastasis of a particular voxel point within CTV can be inferred based on its distance from the surface of radiographically evident gross disease. A preliminary observation was gathered from existing clinicopathologic data, and, based on these observations, a conceptual model for exponential-decay microscopic-extension probability function around primary tumor and linear function parameters relating the likelihood of lymph node metastasis to the distance from primary tumor was proposed. This model was generated to provide scoring functions to examine the merit of IMRT plans. To test the feasibility of this model, we generated two IMRT plans with similar and clinically acceptable DVH-based CTV coverage. Planning data were transferred to a data analysis software package (Matlab, The Mathworks Inc.). A 3D scoring function was calculated for each voxel inside the CTV. The adequacy of target coverage was evaluated by several novel approaches: 2D dose–volume scoring-function histograms (DVSH), the integral probability of relative residual tumor burden (RRTB), and tumor control probabilities (TCP) employing the scoring function as a pseudo-clonogen density distribution. Results Incorporating parameters for the risk of containing microscopic disease in each voxel into the scoring function algorithm, 2D DVSHs, RRTBs, integral RRTBs, and TCPs were computed. On each axial image, an RRTB map could locate the regions at greatest risk. These scoring functions were able to differentiate the merit of CTV coverage of clinically different IMRT plans but having very similar DVHs; one with cold spots centrally located over the gross tumor, and the other with more acceptable cold spots on the periphery of the CTV further away from the gross tumor volume. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility and potential utility of an IMRT scoring method derived from this conceptual modeling approach. These methods are capable of ranking treatment plans with similar DVH profiles but different underdosed regions within the target. We will examine the accuracy of model parameters by performing tumor-specific image-pathologic correlation studies. Upon validation of these parameters, incorporating this scoring function model into plan optimization may have the potential to avoid underdosing subvolumes within CTV that harbor a higher likelihood of microscopic disease.
Pathways to conscience: early mother–child mutually responsive orientation and children's moral emotion, conduct, and cognition

Background: Associations between early mother–child mutually responsive orientation (MRO) and children's conscience have been previously established, but the mechanisms accounting for those links are not understood. We examined three such mediational mechanisms: (a) the child's enhanced enjoyment of interactions with the mother, (b) increased committed, self-regulated compliance with the mother, and/or (c) a decreased need for maternal use of power assertion. Children's conscience was seen as a complex system encompassing moral emotion (guilt), conduct, and cognition. Methods: In a longitudinal design, MRO was observed in mothers’ and children's multiple naturalistic interactions at 9, 14, and 22 months. The mediators were observed at 33 months. Children's conscience was observed at 45 months (moral emotion) and at 56 months (moral conduct and cognition). Results: The mediating paths were different for the three components of conscience. MRO had a direct, unmediated effect on moral emotion. MRO influenced moral conduct through two mediational paths: by promoting the child's enjoyment of interactions with the mother and by enhancing committed compliance. MRO influenced moral cognition by promoting the child's enjoyment of mother–child interactions. Maternal power assertion did not mediate the relation between MRO and conscience once the influence of the other mediators was considered. Conclusions: The impact of the early mother–child relationship on future conscience appears to be a complex process that progresses along distinct paths.
Temporal and stage-specific changes in spermatogenesis of rat after gonadotropin deprivation by a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment

GnRH antagonists (GnRH-As) rapidly and reversibly inhibit testicular functions in a variety of experimental models as well as man. Their potential for human male contraception is currently being tested in many centers, including our own. This study was undertaken to provide comprehensive quantitative information on the testes and to document the temporal and stage-specific changes in the kinetics of germ cell degeneration in rats treated daily with the Nal-Glu GnRH-A (1250 micrograms/kg body wt) for up to 4 weeks. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and the concentrations of testicular T declined to 20.7% and 5.4% of control values, respectively, by 1 week and remained suppressed throughout the treatment period. Preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes, and step-7 and step-19 spermatids at stage VII were the first germ cells to degenerate soon after (1 week) GnRH-A treatment. Germ cell counts at stage VII also revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in number of preleptotene (25.6%), pachytene (35.4%), ...
Fast Boolean Matching with Don't Cares

This paper describes a fast Boolean matching algorithm which checks the containment relationship between an incompletely specified function and a completely specified function under permutation and negation on the input variables. The algorithm is designed for the pattern matching problem in technology mapping. It exploits functional symmetries of patterns and utilizes a compact data structure: binary permutation matrix. Using this matrix, nonmatching permutations and phase assignments can be pruned efficiently. All legal permutations and phase assignments, leading to a matching, can be obtained, as well. The experimental results on the MCNC benchmarks show that, compared with other Boolean matching approaches, our algorithm is at least 1,500 times faster for a common pattern abcd + efgh and 58,000 times faster for another common pattern ab + cd + ef + gh. The matching speed for completely specified functions is also comparable to state-ofthe- art matching algorithms.
Relaxation labeling and associative memory

This paper attempts to consolidate the theoretical foundation of the relaxation labeling processes, explore the connections between the relaxation labeling model and the Hopfield associative memory model, and seek for their unification. We start by defining a new labeling assignment space and then formulating relaxation labeling process as a dynamic system of Lyapunov type, which is equipped with a well defined energy function and described by a naturally fitted updating rule. We present consistency condition and show each /spl omega/-limit point of the dynamic system gives a consistent labeling. We finally make a peace between the multilabel and one-label relaxation labeling and reveal an interesting result that, for a one-label case, the newly formulated relaxation labeling model reduces to the Hopfield associative memory model.
An investigation of the power of emotions in relationship realignment: The gift recipient's perspective

This study investigates the types of emotions that link a broad spectrum of idiosyncratic, gift-exchange experiences with specific relationship realignment outcomes. Content analysis and analysis-of-variance procedures are used to assess the link between emotions and gift recipients' perceptions of relationship quality. The results demonstrate that rather than the overall amount of felt emotions, it is the balance of positive and negative emotions that is associated with specific relationship outcomes. It also appears that coping processes allow individuals to realize an overall neutral or positive outcome for the relationship, even if negative emotions are experienced. Moreover, different patterns of emotions characterize each of five different relational outcomes of the gift-receipt experience. These results have theoretical and practical implications for gift exchange as well as other emotion-laden marketing relationships, such as those found in services and personal selling contexts. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Employee motivation factors

Purpose – Motivation is a widely explored topic and numerous studies have been done to determine motivation importance and implementation. However, no studies have been identified that investigate what motivators are most important to physicians and if physician leaders agree with the importance physicians place on specific motivational aspects. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this missed management learning opportunity. Design/methodology/approach – A fully inclusive sampling of all (n=2,547) public-practice physicians and physician leaders (clinic and hospital employed, non-private practice) in Minneapolis and St. Paul Minnesota was conducted in the summer and fall of 2013. The surveys were sent in a link via a web survey software program by the study researchers. The surveys were anonymous and minimally intrusive, asking only for perspectives regarding the most important motivational elements by physicians and physician leaders. Findings – Generally, the responses were surprisingly similar ...
Paleogene Pseudoglyptodont Xenarthrans from Central Chile and Argentine Patagonia

Herein we describe a new, large-bodied species of Pseudoglyptodon, a close sloth ally, from volcaniclastic deposits of the Abanico (5 Coya-Machalo´) Formation of the central Chilean Andean Main Range. This species, P. chilensis, is a rare element of the Tinguiririca Fauna, on which the recently formalized Tinguirirican South American Land Mammal ‘‘Age’’ is founded, being known from just two specimens. The holotype of P. chilensis, a partial skull and largely complete mandibles (preserving seemingly complete upper and lower dentitions), is by far the best-preserved specimen referable to Pseudoglyptodon known. As such, this material permits a more refined phylogenetic placement of this enigmatic xenarthran than has been possible previously, with Pseudoglyptodon representing the proximal outgroup to the clade including the most recent common ancestor of Choelepus and Bradypus, plus all its descendants (i.e., crown clade sloths). A fragmentary specimen from Argentina is removed from Glyptatelus and referred to Pseudoglyptodon. Although this specimen is distinct from P. chilensis and other previously recognized species of Pseudoglyptodon, it offers too meager a basis for formally establishing a new name. Finally, phylogenetic definitions of the names Phyllophaga and Tardigrada are proposed. Historically these terms have been used largely interchangeably, but here we advocate linking the latter to the crown clade.
Sensing of gradient electromagnetic fields from subsurface conducting targets

Electromagnetic techniques are presented for the problem of remotely locating buried conductors at depths on the order of 10 meters or more. The frequency ranges used vary from 5 kHz to 100 kHz. The subsurface is excited by bistatic or near-monostatic geometries. The sources for excitation include horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD), vertical magnetic dipole (VMD), and horizontal electric dipole (HED). Results emphasize the gradient receiver response of the field induced by the presence of the subsurface conductors. The gradient response is defined here to be the response of two opposing polarity (subtracting) magnetic dipole antennas displaced on the order of 5 meters from one another. Results are presented for a wire 10 meters beneath the surface.
Towards Practical Framework for Collecting and Analyzing Network-Centric Attacks

Since nearly the beginning of the Internet, malware has been a significant deterrent to productivity for end-users, both personal and business related. A particular malware, known as a hot, can create networks of compromised machines called botnets, which are some of the most threatening adversaries over the Internet due in large part to the difficulty of identifying botnet traffic patterns. We have witnessed that existing signature-based detection and protection methods are ineffective, when used alone, in dealing with new unknown bots. In this paper, we introduce a risk-aware network-centric management framework to detect and prevent targeted botnet attacks as well as propagation attempts within the network. As the first step in that direction we focus on learning more information about the bots by identifying malicious characteristics through the network traffic. Once we have their characteristics we then decide whether or not those characteristics present a significant risk to the network that is being protected by our architecture. Using risk as a factor in the decision process helps identify the bots more systematically. We present two scenarios that describe the risk-aware process and show that our framework shows great promise.
Organizing Ambiguity: A Grounded Theory of Leadership and Sensemaking Within Dangerous Contexts

Leaders in high-reliability organizational contexts such as firefighting, emergency medicine, and law enforcement often face the challenge of making sense of environments that are dangerous, highly...
An enhancement of the TMS32010 digital signal processor in a NS32016 microcomputer system

To overcome the shortcoming of time-consuming digital signal processing functions performed in a NS32016 microcomputer system, the TMS32010 serves as an independent numeric processor to implement the numeric processor to implement the numeric intensive algorithms. Hardware developments including direct memory expansion and extended memory interface are presented. Also, ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) and DAC (digital-to-analog conversion) are provided by this system to perform various DSP (digital signal processing) applications. Software development of this enhanced DSP system can be expanded to various applications. Some demonstration programs including an FIR bandpass filter, an IIR low-pass filter, and a rotation (graphics) application were used to test the system. >
Influences of water column nutrient loading on growth characteristics of the invasive aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.

Nuisance growth of Myriophyllum aquat- icum has often been attributed to high amounts of nutrients. The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments and their allocation have been documented in both natural and laboratory popula- tions. However, nutrient loading to surface water is increasingly becoming an important issue for water quality standards. Aquatic macrophytes that develop adventitious roots may be able to survive through the uptake of water column nutrients. Our objectives for this study were to assess M. aquaticum growth when combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus were added to the water column. Mesocosm experiments were conducted where nitrogen (1.8, 0.8, and 0.4 mg l -1 ; high, medium, and low) and phosphorus (0.09, 0.03, 0.01 mg l -1 ; high, medium, and low) concentrations were paired and added to the water column. After 12 weeks, the combination of 1.80:0.01 N:P resulted in greater (P \ 0.01) total biomass and greater biomass for all plant tissues. Total biomass at the 1.80:0.01 N:P combination was 53% greater than biomass at all other combinations. The yield response of M. aquaticum was a quadratic function of tissue nutrient content. Yield was positively (r 2 = 0.82) related to increasing nitrogen content, whereas a negative (r 2 = 0.89) relationship was determined for increasing phosphorus content. We propose the negative relationship is due to increased nutrient competition and shading by algae resulting in reduced M. aquaticum growth. Tissue nutrient con- tent indicated that critical concentrations (1.8% nitrogen and 0.2% phosphorus) for growth were not attained except for nitrogen in plants grown in the 1.80:0.01 N:P combination. These data provide fur- ther evidence that M. aquaticum requires high levels of nitrogen to achieve nuisance growth. Survival through uptake of water column nutrients may be a mechanism for survival during adverse conditions, a means of long distance dispersal of fragments, or may offer a competitive advantage over species that rely on sediment nutrients.
Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1, a Novel Suppressor of Classical Pathway Activation: Mechanistic Studies and Clinical Potential

The classical pathway of complement plays multiple physiological roles including modulating immunological effectors initiated by adaptive immune responses as well as an essential homeostatic role in the clearance of damaged self-antigens. However, dysregulated classical pathway activation is associated with antibody-initiated, inflammatory diseases processes like cold agglutinin disease (CAD), acute intravascular hemolytic transfusion reaction (AIHTR) and acute/hyperacute transplantation rejection. To date, only one putative classical pathway inhibitor, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), is currently commercially available and its only approved indication is for replacement treatment in hereditary angioedema (HAE), which is predominantly a kinin pathway disease. Given the variety of disease conditions in which the classical pathway is implicated, development of therapeutics that specifically inhibit complement initiation represents a major unmet medical need. Our laboratory has identified a peptide that specifically inhibits the classical and lectin pathways of complement. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these Peptide Inhibitors of Complement C1 (PIC1) bind to the collagen-like region of the initiator molecule of the classical pathway, C1q. PIC1 binding to C1q blocks activation of the associated serine proteases (C1s-C1r-C1r-C1s) and subsequent downstream complement activation. Rational design optimization of PIC1 has resulted in the generation of a highly potent derivative of fifteen amino acids. PIC1 inhibits classical pathway mediated complement activation in ABO incompatibility in vitro as well as inhibiting classical pathway activation in vivo in rats. This review will focus on the pre-clinical development of PIC1 and discuss its potential as a therapeutic in antibody-mediated classical pathway disease, specifically AIHTR.
Preferential Translation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNAs Is Conferred by Transcription from the Viral Genome

Host protein synthesis is inhibited in cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). It has been proposed that viral mRNAs are subjected to the same inhibition but are predominantly translated because of their abundance. To compare translation efficiencies of viral and host mRNAs during infection, we used an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter expressed from a recombinant virus or from the host nucleus in stably transfected cells. Translation efficiency of host-derived EGFP mRNA was reduced more than threefold at eight hours postinfection, while viral-derived mRNA was translated around sevenfold more efficiently than host-derived EGFP mRNA in VSV-infected cells. To test whether mRNAs transcribed in the cytoplasm are resistant to shutoff of translation during VSV infection, HeLa cells were infected with a recombinant simian virus 5 (rSV5) that expressed GFP. Cells were then superinfected with VSV or mock superinfected. GFP mRNA transcribed by rSV5 was not resistant to translation inhibition during superinfection with VSV, indicating that transcription in the cytoplasm is not sufficient for preventing translation inhibition. To determine if cis-acting sequences in untranslated regions (UTRs) were involved in preferential translation of VSV mRNAs, we constructed EGFP reporters with VSV or control UTRs and measured the translation efficiency in mock-infected and VSV-infected cells. The presence of VSV UTRs did not affect mRNA translation efficiency in mock- or VSV-infected cells, indicating that VSV mRNAs do not contain cis-acting sequences that influence translation. However, we found that when EGFP mRNAs transcribed by VSV or by the host were translated in vitro, VSV-derived EGFP mRNA was translated 22 times more efficiently than host-derived EGFP mRNA. This indicated that VSV mRNAs do contain cis-acting structural elements (that are not sequence based), which enhance translation efficiency of viral mRNAs.
Comparison of Sensory and Instrumental Texture Profile Techniques for the Evaluation of Beef and Beef‐Soy Loaves

Relationships among sensory texture profile parameters, among values for textural parameters obtained through different methods of interpreting instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) curves obtained with an Instron, and between sensory and instrumental TPA values were examined for beef and beef-soy loaves. The only singificant relationship among sensory parameters was between cohesiveness and springiness. Although a number of significant relationships existed between the various methods of interpreting instrumental parameters, a number of these were associated with secondary parameters having common primary parameters. A strong relationship was found between sensory springiness and adjusted downstroke cohesiveness. Sensory cohesiveness was related both to this instrumental parameter and to downstroke cohesiveness. Chewiness values calculated for these two methods for obtaining cohesiveness values showed strong negative associations with sensory fracturability scores.
Spin waves in metals

The theory of spin waves in metals according to the energy band theory of ferromagnetism is reviewed. The RPA calculation of spin wave energies is shown to be inconsistent with the t-matrix criterion for the occurrence of ferromagnetism at low densities. An improved method of calculating spin wave energies which leads to consistent results is described.
DEGREE OF SHYNESS AND SELF-REPORTED PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND COGNITIVE REACTIONS

Cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactions were reported by 152 adolescent males self-identified as shy, occasionally shy, or not shy. Statistically significant differences were observed bet...
Streak Camera Studies of Vertical Synchro-Betatron-Coupled Beam Motion in the APS Storage Ring

We present experimental studies of synchro-betatron-coupled electron beam motion in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring. We used a vertical kicker to start the beam motion. When the vertical chromaticity is nonzero, electrons with different initial synchrotron phases have slightly different betatron frequencies from the synchronous particle, resulting in a dramatic progression of bunch-shape distortion. Depending on the chromaticity and the time following the kick, images ranging from a simple tilt in the bunch to more complicated twists and bends are seen with a visible light streak camera. We found that most of the experimental observations can be described by the synchro-betatron-coupled equations of motion. Also note that the fast apparent increase in vertical beam size after the kick is dominated by the internal synchro-betatron-coupled motion of the electron bunch. Experimentally this increase could be easily confused with decoherence of vertical motion if the bunch is only imaged head-on.
Genetically Determined Resistance to Collagenase Action Augments Interstitial Collagen Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Plaques

Background— We hypothesized that collagenolytic activity produced by activated macrophages contributes to collagen loss and the subsequent instability of atheromatous lesions, a common trigger of acute coronary syndromes. However, no direct in vivo evidence links collagenases with the regulation of collagen content in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results— To test the hypothesis that collagenases influence the structure of atheromata, we examined collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE−/−) that express collagenase-resistant collagen-I (ColR/R/apoE−/−, n=12) or wild-type collagen-expressing mice (Col+/+/apoE−/−, n=12). Aortic atheromata of both groups had similar sizes and numbers of macrophages, a major source of collagenases. However, aortic intimas from ColR/R/apoE−/− mice contained fewer smooth muscle cells, a source of collagen, probably because of decreased migration or proliferation or increased cell death. Despite reduced numbers of smooth mu...
Effective Influence Abstractions for Organizational Design

Organizational structures often employ abstraction to specify broadly-applicable behavioral roles and guidelines to agents, where abstraction streamlines the design process and leaves agents room for tailoring actions to the evolving situation. Too much abstraction, however, can provide too little guidance towards fruitful joint activities or burden agents with solving complex coordination problems. In this paper, we examine how abstraction choices for organizational influences affect both the process of designing organizations and the performance of a multiagent system using designed organizations. To do so, we identify dimensions of abstraction pertinent to organization design processes and outcomes. Mapping these dimensions to an example domain, we empirically evaluate organizations at different points in the abstraction space to inform an analytical framework for understanding the impact of abstraction in organizational design. Finally, we use our new framework to converge on task-delineated abstractions as a general-purpose organizing heuristic, and confirm this heuristic's effectiveness empirically.
The Impact of Goals and Pay on Feedback-Seeking Behavior

In light of the increasing use of electronic feedback systems in organizational settings, this study contributes to feedback-seeking research to examine feedback-seeking behavior and task performance when outcome feedback is paired with and without an assigned goal, under hourly and performance-based pay. A total of 120 undergraduate students attended three 45-minute sessions and performed a data-entry task, during which they were able to solicit immediate insession feedback. Descriptive and visual analyses indicated that feedback seeking occurred frequently across experimental sessions and increased as the time to the end of the session decreased. These trends are discussed herein. Task performance was significantly higher for individuals who were paid incentives, and patterns in performance across sessions differed significantly between pay groups. Although the inclusion of an assigned performance goal did not significantly enhance performance or the frequency of feedback seeking, descriptive analyses revealed that both feedback seeking and task performance were higher for those who received an assigned goal. Identifying the function of feedback-seeking behavior, as well as variables that may influence or interact with this behavior, may be useful when developing and implementing optimal and effective feedback systems.
Service Capacity-building in Outpatient Department for Dog-injury

Objective To understand construction status of software and hardware in dog injury outpatient department and administration in the main city zone of Chengdu.Methods Qualitative interview was applied towards 60 medical staff from 21 dog injury clinics in Chengdu.Results The outfits of software and hardware was basically qualified for diagnosis and treatment.Nevertheless,the allocation of room space,function division and supporting facilities were unreasonable.Conclusion The software,hardware and administration should be further advanced and standardized in dog-injury outpatient department in Chengdu.
Continuing Care for Patients Choosing the Emergency Department as a Site for Primary Care: Feasibility, Benefits, and EMTALA Considerations: Answers to the March 2013 Journal Club Questions

Editor’s Note: You are reading the 32nd installment of Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. This Journal Club refers to the Doran et al article that was published in the March 2013 Annals of Emergency Medicine issue. Information about journal club can be found at http://www.annemergmed.com/ content/journalclub. Readers should recognize that these are suggested answers. We hope they are accurate; we know that they are not comprehensive. There are many other points that could be made about these questions or about the article in general. Questions are rated “novice,” ( ) “intermediate,” ( ) and “advanced ( ) so that individuals planning a journal club can assign the right question to the right student. The “novice” rating does not imply that a novice should be able to spontaneously answer the question. “Novice” means we expect that someone with little background should be able to do a bit of reading, formulate an answer, and teach the material to others. Intermediate and advanced questions also will likely require some reading and research, and that reading will be sufficiently difficult that some background in clinical epidemiology will be helpful in understanding the reading and concepts. We are interested in receiving feedback about this feature. Please e-mail journalclub@acep.org with your comments.
Decreased transcription of the sodium-phosphate transporter gene in the hypophosphatemic mouse.

Recently, it has been hypothesized that the proximal tubular Na(+)-Pi transporter may play a role in murine X-linked hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. In the present investigation, West...
Oral Traditions, Changing Rural Landscapes, and Science Education.

This forum response extends the argument made by Avery and Hains that oral traditions can be useful for including the cultures and contexts of rural areas within science instruction. To buttress the oral expressions presented in Avery and Hains, I compare oral expressions of a second rural area, 600 miles to the South, in Eastern North Carolina. I explore similarities and differences in expressions from the two areas and consider the changing rural context within Eastern North Carolina. I add a consideration of larger demographic shifts impacting many rural areas—particularly in the US South—and close with a discussion of implications for science education.
Influence Factors of Online Shopping

Perceived risk, Shopping motivations, Experience, Service quality and Trust are five important factors to improve the competitiveness of online shopping.
Generating Long-term Trajectories Using Deep Hierarchical Networks

We study the problem of modeling spatiotemporal trajectories over long time horizons using expert demonstrations. For instance, in sports, agents often choose action sequences with long-term goals in mind, such as achieving a certain strategic position. Conventional policy learning approaches, such as those based on Markov decision processes, generally fail at learning cohesive long-term behavior in such high-dimensional state spaces, and are only effective when fairly myopic decision-making yields the desired behavior. The key difficulty is that conventional models are ``single-scale'' and only learn a single state-action policy. We instead propose a hierarchical policy class that automatically reasons about both long-term and short-term goals, which we instantiate as a hierarchical neural network. We showcase our approach in a case study on learning to imitate demonstrated basketball trajectories, and show that it generates significantly more realistic trajectories compared to non-hierarchical baselines as judged by professional sports analysts.
The Relationship between Supervisor Ratio and Organizational Turnover: The Mediating and Moderating Effects of Engineers

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine the association between organizational supervisor ratio and engineer supervisor percentage with engineer turnover and total organizational turnover. Our study has new implications for the effects of supervisor ratio, which has not been specifically investigated in past engineering management research. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used on 85 organizational-level datasets from 17 large U.S. federal agencies. The findings suggest that engineer turnover is negatively related to supervisor ratio and positively related to engineer supervisor percentage. Mediation and moderation effects were observed. The study found partial mediating effects of engineer supervisor percentage in weakening the negative association between supervisor ratio and engineer turnover. Engineer turnover was also found to moderate the negative association between supervisor ratio and non-engineer turnover rate. This study further provides a theory-building framework fo...
Laser Hair Removal and the Influence of Spot Size

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to critically and prospectively examine the role of spot size in laser hair treatment when all other variables are kept the same.Materials and Methods:Fift...
FPGA-Accelerated Transactional Execution of Graph Workloads

Many applications that operate on large graphs can be intuitively parallelized by executing a large number of the graph operations concurrently and as transactions to deal with potential conflicts. However, large numbers of operations occurring concurrently might incur too many conflicts that would negate the potential benefits of the parallelization which has probably made highly multi-threaded transactional machines seem impractical. Given the large size and topology of many modern graphs, however, such machines can provide real performance, energy efficiency, and programability benefits. This paper describes an architecture that consists of many lightweight multi-threaded processing engines, a global transactional shared memory, and a work scheduler. We present challenges of realizing such an architecture, especially the requirement of scalable conflict detection, and propose solutions. We also argue that despite increased transaction conflicts due to the higher concurrency and single-thread latency, scalable speedup over serial execution can be achieved. We implement the proposed architecture as a synthesizable FPGA RTL design and demonstrate improved per-socket performance (2X) and energy efficiency (22X) by comparing to a baseline platform that contains two Intel Haswell processors, each with 12 cores.