cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Institutional Affiliations of Authors of Articles in Selected Special Education Journals.

All issues of the five most widely read general special education journals were examined for the years 1983-1987. Institutional affiliations of authors were recorded, and two scoring systems were used to produce two separate rankings of publishing productivity of institutions. One scoring system awarded fractions of points based on number of authors, while the other system awarded one full point to each affiliated institution, regardless of number of authors. The systems produced similar results, and both of these systems identified different institutions than those identified by a previous researcher who analyzed five educational administration journals. The results of this study will probably be most useful to students, as well as potential faculty, who are seeking institutions with high scholarly productivity in special education.
Chemical antagonism of red-winged blackbird habituation to fright-producing auditory stimuli

Abstract We studied the feasibility of improving the efficacy of fright-producing auditory stimuli as wild bird repellents by chemically antagonizing habituation to the stimulus. Red-winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) were fed mealworms containing a 10 mg/kg dose of d -amphetamine sulfate and exposed to a prerecorded blackbird distress call. Heart rate (HR) and behavioral activity responses (BAR) of these birds were measured and compared to the responses of untreated birds. After an initial strong response, the HR and BAR of control birds diminished despite repeated applications of the distress call until, after 30 applications, they were near the baseline values. The HR and BAR of birds treated with d -amphetamine sulfate remained at elevated levels throughout. The treated birds' responses demonstrated that d -amphetamine sulfate was effective as an habituation antagonist. The results suggest that a nonlethal level of a central nervous system stimulant could be used to antagonize habituation of wild birds to auditory repellents, thereby enhancing their effectiveness in control programs.
Electric field and stimulating influence generated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

Abstract Objective : The goal of this project was to develop a quantitative understanding of the volume of axonal tissue directly activated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Methods : The 3-dimensionally inhomogeneous and anisotropic tissue medium surrounding DBS electrodes complicates our understanding of the electric field and tissue response generated by the stimulation. We developed finite element computer models to address the effects of DBS in a homogeneous isotropic medium, and a medium with tissue conductivity properties derived from human diffusion tensor magnetic resonance data. The second difference of the potential distribution generated in the tissue medium was used as a predictor of the volume of tissue supra-threshold for axonal activation. Results : The model predicts that clinically effective stimulation parameters (−3 V; 0.1 ms; 150 Hz) result in activation of large diameter (5.7 μm) myelinated axons over a volume that spreads outside the borders of the STN. The shape of the activation volume was dependent on the strong dorsal-ventral anisotropy of the internal capsule, and the moderate anterior-posterior anisotropy of the region around zona incerta. Conclusions : Small deviations (∼1 mm) in the electrode position within STN can substantially alter the shape of the activation volume as well as its spread to neighboring structures. Significance : STN DBS represents an effective treatment for medically refractory movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, stimulation induced side effects such as tetanic muscle contraction, speech disturbance and ocular deviation are not uncommon. Quantitative characterization of the spread of stimulation will aid in the development of techniques to maximize the efficacy of DBS.
Human coenzyme Q10 deficiency.

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble component of virtually all cell membranes and has multiple metabolic functions. Deficiency of CoQ10 (MIM 607426) has been associated with five different clinical presentations that suggest genetic heterogeneity, which may be related to the multiple steps in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Patients with all forms of CoQ10 deficiency have shown clinical improvements after initiating oral CoQ10 supplementation. Thus, early diagnosis is of critical importance in the management of these patients. This year, the first molecular defect causing the infantile form of primary human CoQ10 deficiency has been reported. The availability of genetic testing will allow for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and early initiation of therapy (even presymptomatically in siblings of patients) in this otherwise life-threatening infantile encephalomyopathy.
AES-based cryptographic and biometric security coprocessor IC in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS resistant to side-channel power analysis attacks

This paper describes an embedded security coprocessor that consists of four components: an advanced encryption standard (AES) based cryptographic engine, a fingerprint matching oracle, template storage, and an interface unit. Two functionally-identical coprocessors are fabricated using a TSMC 6M 0.18-/spl mu/m process. The first coprocessor uses standard cells and encrypts at 3.84 Gb/s. The second coprocessor uses wave dynamic differential logic (WDDL) combined with differential routing to combat side-channel information leakage through power analysis attacks. It encrypts at 0.99 Gb/s. The coprocessor is part of a security-partitioned embedded system called ThumbPod.
Mammography-related anxiety: effect of preprocedural patient education.

Objectives: To determine the effect of preprocedural education on mammography-related anxiety. Materials and Methods: A total of 613 women undergoing mammography were surveyed regarding anxiety about the procedure and expected results. Half the study population watched an educational videotape and half watched an entertaining movie in the waiting room. Results: Anxiety levels about results were significantly higher than anxiety levels about the procedure (P < .001). There was no difference in procedural or cancer anxiety levels among women shown the educational tape and those shown the entertaining movie. Conclusion: The fear of discovering breast cancer generates most of mammography-related anxiety. Preprocedural education did not affect procedural or cancer-related anxiety.
"Subcortical" cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Studies of cognitive functioning in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have found deficits even in patients without other evidence of neurologic involvement. The present study used scores on the 11 items of the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to classify the cognitive impairment of 93 SLE patients as suggestive of "cortical" or "subcortical" dysfunction using a validated statistical algorithm. Ninety-five percent of patients were categorized as having "subcortical" deficits, and 5% were categorized as having "cortical" deficits. When the analysis was limited to only those with total MMSE scores < or = 24, 81% were classified as "subcortical" and 19% as "cortical." These results suggest that SLE patients can have psychomotor and mental tracking deficits of a type seen in patients with subcortical brain disease, even in the absence of gross neurologic involvement.
Assessment of CNTFET based circuit performance and robustness to PVT variations

Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) have superior transport properties, excellent thermal conductivity, and high current handling capability; recently the CNT has been proposed as an alternative device technology to supersede CMOS. In this paper, the circuit-level performance of CNT-based FETs (CNTFETs) is initially compared to MOSFETs; simulation is performed for various logic gates and benchmark circuits to assess the sensitivity to PVT variations using the same minimum gate length. The simulation results show that the delay of CNTFET-based gates is about 10 times lower; moreover, the power delay product (PDP) and the leakage power of CNTFET-based gates are lower than MOSFET based gates by orders of magnitude. These orders of improvements in performance metrics are also achieved while attaining excellent robustness to process, voltage, and temperature variations.
Energy Efficient and Robust Multicast Routing for Large Scale Sensor Networks

In this paper we present RE2MR, an energy efficient and robust multicast routing protocol suitable for large scale real-world WSN deployments. RE2MR, a hybrid multicast protocol, builds on the strengths of existing topology-based, hierarchical and geographic multicast solutions, and addresses their limitations. RE2MR establishes a network topology in which multicast member nodes are connected to the root node via near-optimal multicast routing paths. RE2MR discovers deployment area irregularities (e.g., holes) that affect the optimality of multicast routing and considers them when recomputing the near-optimal solution. RE2MR incurs little computational overhead on forwarding nodes, a negligible communication overhead and ensures reliable multicast packet delivery. We implement RE2MR in Tiny OS and evaluate it extensively using TOSSIM. RE2MR reduces the energy consumption by up to 57% and the end-to-end delay by up to 8%, when compared with state of art solutions.
“Where'd it go?”: How people ask after lost Web information

This paper investigates the way people described the difficulties they encountered when returning to information on the Web. It presents analysis of Web pages, collected via a Web search, where the phrase, “Where'd it go?” was used. A number of interesting observations arose from this analysis, including that the path originally taken to get to the information target is commonly referred to during its re-retrieval, and that the temporal aspects of when the information was last seen were only important when considered relative to other events. While people expressed frustration when problems re-finding arose, an explanation of why the change had occurred was often sufficient to allay that frustration, even in the absence of a solution. The implications of these observations for systems that support re-finding in dynamic environments are discussed.
Unified Kinetic Model of Dopant Segregation During Vapor-Phase Growth

We develop a unified kinetic model for surface segregation during vapor phase growth that concisely and quantitatively describes the observed behavior in silicon-based systems. A simple analytic function for the segregation length is derived by treating terrace-mediated and step-edge-mediated mechanisms in parallel. The predicted behavior of this parameter is examined through its temperature, flux, and terrace length dependence. Six distinct temperature regimes are predicted for the segregation length that depend on the relative segregation energies and activation barriers of the two mechanisms. The model is compared to reported behavior of Sb and P in Si(001) and excellent agreement is obtained using realistic energies and preexponential factors. The model accounts for the experimentally observed anomalous low-temperature segregation of Sb as a consequence of the competition between step-edge-mediated segregation, dominant at low temperatures, and terrace-mediated segregation, dominant at higher temperatures. The generalized treatment of segregation mechanisms in the model makes it applicable to other segregating systems, including metals and III-V semiconductors.
Exploring re-identification risks in public domains

While re-identification of sensitive data has been studied extensively, with the emergence of online social networks and the popularity of digital communications, the ability to use public data for re-identification has increased. This work begins by presenting two different cases studies for sensitive data re-identification. We conclude that targeted re-identification using traditional variables is not only possible, but fairly straightforward given the large amount of public data available. However, our first case study also indicates that large-scale re-identification is less likely. We then consider methods for agencies such as the Census Bureau to identify variables that cause individuals to be vulnerable without testing all combinations of variables. We show the effectiveness of different strategies on a Census Bureau data set and on a synthetic data set.
Contributions of metacognitive and self-regulated learning theories to investigations of calibration of comprehension

In this paper we examine the contributions of metacognitive and self-regulated learning theories to research on students' calibration of comprehension. Historically, cognitive psychologists have studied calibration of comprehension within a purely metacognitive framework, with an emphasis on the role of text and task factors but little consideration of factors of self. There has been a recent trend, however, towards incorporating a social cognitive perspective to the study of calibration of comprehension, with factors of self such as motivation and affect being examined more often. Among the factors of self that have been examined, self-efficacy has played a major role as it may be all but impossible to disentangle its influence on students' calibration of comprehension. Other variables of self that have been examined include ability, familiarity, ego and goal-orientation, goal setting, personality traits and susceptibility to social and cultural influences. Broadening the context in which calibration of comprehension is assessed allows a more complete examination of the rich set of interrelated processes that affect students' performance.
Improved nucleosynthetic yields

Theoretical estimates of nucleosynthesis yields are widely used to infer the meaning of abundance trends, and to predict behavior of abundances in the first stars. We show that the standard prescriptions are incomplete, and illustrate some simple improvements. We consider the effects of internal gravity waves (induced in radiative regions by convective zones) on the evolution of slowly rotating (nonrotating) stars. We demonstrate that such modifications to the standard evolutionary algorithms give better agreement with observation, and imply new phenomena: interations between carbon and oxygen burning shells, detached flames in convective layers, and intermittency, for example. We argue that such hydrodynamic behavior must be part of realistic stellar evolution. Some preliminary results for the Sun are presented.
Oncogenic BRAF Induces Senescence and Apoptosis through Pathways Mediated by the Secreted Protein IGFBP7

SUMMARY Expression of an oncogene in a primary cell can, paradoxically, block proliferation by inducing senescence or apoptosis through pathways that remain to be elucidated. Here we perform genome-wide RNAinterference screening to identify 17 genes required for an activated BRAF oncogene (BRAFV600E) to block proliferation of human primary fibroblasts and melanocytes. Surprisingly, we find a secreted protein, IGFBP7, has a central role in BRAFV600E-mediated senescence and apoptosis. Expression of BRAFV600E in primary cells leads to synthesis and secretion of IGFBP7, which acts through autocrine/ paracrine pathways to inhibit BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling and induce senescence and apoptosis. Apoptosis results from IGFBP7-mediated upregulation of BNIP3L, a proapoptotic BCL2 family protein. Recombinant IGFBP7 (rIGFBP7) induces apoptosis in BRAFV600E-positive human melanoma cell lines, and systemically administered rIGFBP7 markedly suppresses growth of BRAFV600E-positive tumors in xenografted mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of human skin, nevi, and melanoma samples implicates loss of IGFBP7 expression as a critical step in melanoma genesis.
Effects of lateral heat and carrier diffusion on thermal runaway of cw DH semiconductor lasers

Effects of lateral heat and carrier diffusion on the maximum output intensity, above which thermal runaway takes place, are determined for cw semiconductor lasers. The effects are depicted by an aspect ratio of cavity length to stripe width and a dimensionless quantity representing the efficiency of heat transfer. A concise criterion for no thermal runaway is given. The results show that the output intensity can be increased by an order of magnitude by reducing the stripe width sufficiently but that only about a twofold increase in the output power can be realized. However, a laser with a smaller stripe width can be operated at a higher temperature for the same output power. An optimization with respect to the aspect ratio and the dimensionless quantity should result in a three-to-fourfold increase even in the output power. >
Inactivation of the p19ARF Tumor Suppressor Affects Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Integrity

p19(ARF) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently deleted in human cancer. It lies at chromosome 9p21 and shares exons 2 and 3 with p16(ink4a), which is also inactivated by these cancer-associated deletions. The "canonical pathway" by which p19(ARF) is thought to suppress tumorigenesis through activation of the p53 tumor suppressor. In response to hyperproliferative signals, such as expression of oncogenes, p19(ARF) is induced and binds to the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase, sequestering it in the nucleolus to allow the accumulation of p53. However, p19(ARF) also has MDM2 and p53 independent functions. In human colon cancer, p19(ARF) is only rarely deleted, but it is more frequently silenced by DNA promoter methylation. Here we show that inactivation of p19(ARF) in mice increases the number of cycling cells in the crypts of the colonic epithelium. Moreover, inactivation of p19(ARF) exacerbated the ulceration of the colonic epithelium caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). These effects were similar to those observed in mice lacking myeloid translocation gene-related-1 (Mtgr1), and mice lacking both of these genes showed an even greater sensitivity to DSS. Surprisingly, inactivation of p19(ARF) restored the loss of the secretory lineage in mice deficient in Mtgr1, suggesting an additional role for p19(ARF) in the small intestinal epithelium.
Stochastic current prediction enabled frequency actuator for runtime resonance noise reduction

Power delivery network (PDN) is a distributed RLC network with its dominant resonance frequency in the low-to-middle frequency range. Though high-performance chips' working frequencies are much higher than this resonance frequency in general, chip runtime loading frequency is not. When a chip executes a chunk of instructions repeatedly, the induced current load may have harmonic components close to this resonance frequency, causing excessive power integrity degradation. Existing PDN design solutions are, however, mainly targeted at reducing high-frequency noise and not effective to suppress such resonance noise. In this work, we propose a novel approach to proactively suppress this type of noise. A method based on a high dimension generalized Markov process is developed to predict current load variation. Based on such prediction, a clock frequency actuator design is proposed to proactively select an optimal clock frequency to suppress the resonance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study on proactively reducing runtime instruction execution induced PDN resonance noise.
Maximum separation in binary and multicomponent flash operations

A maximizing function has been defined, and procedures have been developed for both binary and multicomponent flash operations, whereby the maximum separation of component can be obtained. In general, the temperature condition of the maximum will differ for each component so that setting the flash at one temperature will not maximize the recovery of every component in the multicomponent mixture. A generalized form of the maximizing function can be used to obtain maximum recovery of a cut or group of components defined by the user, for example, light key plus all components lighter
Sex and gender impact lyme disease immunopathology, diagnosis and treatment

Lyme disease is an emerging tick-borne disease that is increasingly prevalent across temperate regions of North America and Eurasia. Investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently estimated that there are approximately 300,000 cases annually in the United States. Lyme disease presents with several different clinical phenotypes, largely dependent on the stage of the infection and the presence or absence of prior antibiotic treatment. Compared to other infectious and chronic diseases where sex differences are more pronounced, differences in the number of CDC-reported cases of Lyme disease by sex are unremarkable. Although the prevalence of early Lyme disease appears to be relatively equal by sex, late Lyme disease with objective neurologic or rheumatologic findings appears to be more common in males than females. In contrast, subjective syndromes of more tenuous and complex origin such as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) and chronic Lyme disease (CLD) appear to be more commonly reported in females than males. Several factors could contribute to these observed differences in clinical presentation between the sexes. While social and behavioral risk factors may play an important role, this chapter will focus on underlying differences in the immune response between males and females following infection, which could affect bacterial clearance, development of autoimmune-like responses, and seroconversion on two-tier antibody tests. In the four decades of research since the discovery of the Lyme spirochete, much remains unknown regarding sex- and gender-based differences in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and immunologic response to this infection.
Human-Inspired Techniques for Human-Machine Team Planning

Robots are increasingly introduced to work in concert with people in high-intensity domains, such as manufacturing, space exploration and hazardous environments. Although there are numerous studies on human teamwork and coordination in these settings, very little prior work exists on applying these models to human-robot interaction. This paper presents results from ongoing work aimed at translating qualitative methods from human factors engineering into computational models that can be applied to human-robot teaming. We describe a statistical approach to learning patterns of strong and weak agreements in human planning meetings that achieves up to 94% prediction accuracy. We also formulate a human-robot interactive planning method that emulates cross-training, a training strategy widely used in human teams. Results from human subject experiments show statistically significant improvements on team fluency metrics, compared to standard reinforcement learning techniques. Results from these two studies support the approach of modeling and applying common practices in human teaming to achieve more effective and fluent human-robot teaming.
Atmospheric stability assessment for the characterization of offshore wind conditions

Based on the Fino-1 offshore met mast database, different instrument set-ups and methodologies for stability characterization have been tested using non-dimensional numbers like the gradient and bulk Richardson number, and their equivalences with the Obukhov parameter ζ = z/L, which can be measured locally with the use of a sonic anemometer. These equivalences depend to a large extent on the suitability of empirical stability functions obtained in horizontally-homogeneous conditions. The bulk Richardson number method, based on Grachev and Fairall (1997) empirical function, is the least demanding measurement method for stability characterization offering a more practical approach to wind farm designers than using the sonic method. Alternatively, the AMOK method, used by FUGA wake model and also based on the bulk Richardson number, assumes surface-layer theory and avoids using stability functions, which results in a more robust formulation. A 9-class stability classification based on Sorbjan and Grachev (2010) is used to generalize the categorization of wind conditions. Based on flux-profile analysis it was concluded that unfortunately the local ζ is not sufficient to describe the scaling behaviour of the stable boundary layer. Indeed, larger wind shear than predicted by classical onshore stability functions is found, probably as a result of lower boundary layer depths.
Cytotoxicity of 3-hydroxykynurenine: implications for CNS damage in neonatal vitamin B-6 deficiency.

Pyridoxal phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B-6, plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids and biogenic amines. A deficiency of this vitamin in human infants or in neonates of various species results in a deficiency syndrom characterized by marked neurological impairment (Coursin, 1969). The neurological deficits associated with neonatal vitamin B-6 deficiency include ataxia, irritability, tremor and seizures (Coursin, 1969). CNS histopathological changes resulting from neonatal vitamin B-6 deficiency have not been extensively studied. However, several investigators have reported neuropathological alterations suggestive of impaired development, neuronal loss or damage, or premature aging of CNS neurons (Morre et al., 1978; Root and Longenecker, 1983; Wasynczuk et al., 1983).
POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIES, SPACING, AND FORAGING BEHAVIORS OF WHITE-BREASTED AND PIGMY NUTHATCHES IN PONDEROSA PINE HABITAT

Comparison of various life-history features of White-breasted and Pigmy nuthatches demonstrated strikingly different patterns of population demography, spacing behavior, and foraging ecology. White-breasted nuthatches exhibited an exclusivity strategy in which isolation is of fundamental importance. Territoriality functioned to exclude conspecifics and in association with specialized nesting conditions resulted in low population densities. White-breasted nuthatches maintained a territory throughout the year; consequently, the population showed little yearly variability. Territorial behavior functioned in the dispersal and exclusion of young from the territory soon after fledging. This species demonstrated additional isolation from conspecifics through sexual differences in foraging habitat exploitation patterns. Through differential utilization of heights within trees and tree structures while foraging, the pair exploited the same habitat without intersexual interference.
CONTROL-MOTIVATED DYNAMIC TAILORING OF TRUSS-WORK STRUCTURES

This paper reviews past approaches to control-motivated dynamic tailoring and their impact upon the problem of active control of structural dynamics. The costs and benefits of passive damping augmentation are estimated; the conclusion is drawn that the optimum structural design will be in the "left-half .+planen. New results on dynamic tailoring of truss-work structures are presented. The proposed techniques exploit inherent characteristics of such structures to reduce the mass penalty associated with passive damping augmentation.
Effect of the acid secretory state on intramural pH of rabbit gastric mucosa.

Intramural pH of the gastric mucosa was measured using a microelectrode technique in rabbit gastric pouches under different secretory conditions and luminal acidity. Exposure of spontaneously secreting or metiamide-treated fundic pouches to a relatively high concentration of luminal acid, HCl 120 mm, for 60 min, led to a marked net loss of luminal H+ which was associated with a significant decrease in the intramural pH (7.28 ± 0.09 to 6.88 ± 0.10 and 7.23 ± 0.07 to 6.99 ± 0.09, respectively). A linear relationship was observed between the rates of net disappearance of luminal acid and the intramural pH. All 10 spontaneously secreting and five metiamide-treated pouches had superficial mucosal erosions. In contrast, when fundic pouches were exposed to luminal acid in histamine-treated animals, the net loss of luminal H+ was negligible and the intramural pH remained at its base-line level (7.25 ± 0.07). Histamine stimulation without acid in the lumen caused a small but insignificant increase in the intramural pH (7.27 ± 0.03 to 7.39 ± 0.05). Only three of the eight histamine-treated fundic pouches had lesions. In the antral pouches the intramural pH changes in response to exposure to luminal acid were smaller and histamine treatment did not influence the intramural pH. None of the antral pouches had lesions. The results suggest that acidification of the tissue by the diffusion of luminal acid may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute gastric ulceration. The acid secretory state of the gastric mucosa can significantly influence the acid-base balance in the mucosa and thus modify its response to acid diffusing from the lumen. Histamine stimulation protected the gastric mucosa by improving its buffering capacity and/or otherwise decreasing the diffusion of H+ from the lumen into the mucosa.
A Limited Survey of Dark Chocolate Bars Obtained in the United States for Undeclared Milk and Peanut Allergens

ABSTRACT Undeclared allergens in chocolate products have been responsible for numerous allergen-related recalls in the United States. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of undeclared milk and peanut in 88 and 78 dark chocolate bars, respectively. Concentrations of milk (as nonfat dry milk) or peanut in three samples of each chocolate product were determined with two milk- or peanut-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. In 75% of the chocolate bar products with a milk advisory statement, milk concentrations were above the limit of quantitation (2.5 μg/g [ppm]), with the majority having concentrations >1,000 ppm. An additional 67% of chocolate bars with a “traces of milk” statement contained 3 to 6,700 ppm of milk. Fifteen percent of chocolates labeled dairy free or lactose free and 25% labeled vegan were positive for milk, all with concentrations >1,000 ppm. Even for chocolates with no reference to milk on the label, 33% of these products contained 60 to 3,400 ppm of milk. The su...
Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Low Intraocular Pressure after Trabeculectomy.

Purpose To examine risk factors for low intraocular pressure (IOP) after trabeculectomy and to describe long-term outcomes in these eyes. Design Retrospective case-control study. Participants Cases with low IOP included all patients with IOP ≤5 mmHg on 3 or more consecutive visits 3 months or later after trabeculectomy. Control patients without low IOP after trabeculectomy were randomly selected at a 1:2 case-to-control ratio. Methods A case-control study was performed of patients undergoing trabeculectomy at the Stein Eye Institute. Covariates included demographics, history of cataract surgery, refractive error, number of glaucoma medications, family history of glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension, visual acuity (VA), IOP, number of sutures in the scleral flap, laser suture lysis, surgeon, and laterality of surgery. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine associations between each covariate and low IOP. Postoperative outcomes that were examined included reoperation, vision loss, and surgical failure. The time between trabeculectomy and each outcome was compared between cases and controls with Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Main Outcome Measures Low IOP after trabeculectomy, reoperation, vision loss, and surgical failure. Results Of 3659 total trabeculectomies performed by 5 surgeons between 1990 and 2013, 64 eyes had low IOP (1.7%), which were compared with 130 control eyes. Fifteen of the 64 eyes with low IOP had hypotony maculopathy (23.4%). After accounting for differences in baseline IOP, laser suture lysis was negatively correlated with low IOP after trabeculectomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.87); surgeon was correlated with high vs. low IOP after trabeculectomy (OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.53–18.52). There were no statistically significant associations between low IOP and time to reoperation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.32–1.68), vision loss (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 0.81–3.88) or surgical failure (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.62–2.11). In patients with low IOP, there was a higher unadjusted incidence of bleb revision in patients who had maculopathy (7.6 vs. 1.9 revisions/100 person-years; for maculopathy versus no maculopathy P = 0.008). Conclusions The absence of laser suture lysis and surgeon are factors potentially associated with low IOP after trabeculectomy. Numeric hypotony does not necessarily represent clinical failure after trabeculectomy.
Why are Canadians complacent about long-acting injectable antipsychotic therapies? Come on, Canada, you can do better!

© 2013 by Canadian Psychiatric Association, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / Revue Canadienene de Psychiatrie
STUDIES ON CELL METABOLISM AND CELL DIVISION : VII. OBSERVATIONS ON THE AMOUNT AND POSSIBLE FUNCTION OF DIPHOSPHOTHIAMINE (COCARBOXYLASE) IN EGGS OF ARBACIA PUNCTULATA.

1. Methods suitable for the determination of diphosphothiamine (cocarboxylase) in eggs of Arbacia punctulata have been developed. Quantitative extraction of the cocarboxylase was effected by combining the use of thiamine hydrochloride in the extraction fluid with critical adjustment of the pH of extraction to pH 6.3–6.7. 2. The unfertilized eggs were found to contain the equivalent of 2 to 3 micrograms of natural yeast cocarboxylase per gm. of wet eggs; the cocarboxylase content of the 30 minute and 10 hour fertilized eggs was somewhat less (Table III). 3. In preliminary experiments, Arbacia egg cytolysates were found to cause pyruvic acid to disappear. The rate of such disappearance was apparently greater under aerobic than under anaerobic conditions; it was also greater for cytolysates from fertilized eggs than for cytolysates from unfertilized eggs (Table IV).
Clinical outcome of EMR of sporadic, nonampullary, duodenal adenomas: a 10-year retrospective.

Background and Aims Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenomas (SNADAs), although uncommon, pose clinical challenges. Because SNADAs have malignant potential, endoscopic or surgical resection is generally recommended. EMR is increasingly used for resection of SNADAs, but large-scale data on natural history after EMR are scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of EMR for SNADAs and the natural history after EMR from a large, single-operator experience with dedicated follow-up. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with SNADAs who were referred for endoscopic therapy from May 2007 to May 2016. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and procedural technical data were collected. The outcomes studied were complete endoscopic resection, major adverse events, and recurrence. Results A total of 162 patients were referred for endoscopic therapy, and 142 (88%) (median age 67 years, interquartile range [IQR] 57-73 years, 42% male) underwent a total of 166 EMRs with the use of a submucosal injection and thermal snare resection technique. In per-patient analysis, the median size of SNADAs was 20 mm (IQR 15-30) in diameter. Complete mucosal resection was achieved in 130 of 142 patients (92%). Local or residual recurrences were observed in 23% of patients (median time until recurrence 277 days [IQR 196-591]) and were treated endoscopically. No metachronous recurrences were found within a median follow-up of 363 days. In per-procedure analysis, en bloc resection was achieved in 88 (53%). EMR-related bleeding occurred in 18 (11%) EMRs, and all cases were successfully managed with supportive and/or endoscopic measures. No perforations occurred. Increasing size of adenomas was associated with recurrence (P Conclusion EMR of most SNADAs can be performed safely and effectively. Increasing size of adenomas was associated with recurrence and bleeding after EMR. No association with recurrence was noted with endoscopic or histologic features. Focal recurrence can be managed with additional endoscopic therapy. Metachronous lesions do not occur. The findings inform directed management and surveillance.
Hoping and Democracy

Too often, hope is described in individualist terms and in ways that do not help us understand contemporary democracy or offer ways to improve it. Instead, I develop an account of hope situated within pragmatist philosophy that is rooted in the experiences of individuals and grows out of real life circumstances, yet cannot be disconnected from social and political life. This account can help us to better face current political struggles related to hopelessness and despair, all the while building democratic identity. To examine the ways in which shared hoping and the content of our hopes shape our identity and our work together in democracy, I consider both how and what we hope in political contexts.
The Epistemology of the Very Small

The world of nanotechnology is the world of the very small. According to Eugene Wong in his testimony to the Subcommittee on Basic Research of the US House of Representatives Committee on Science in June 1999, One nanometer is 1-billionth of a meter. To get an idea of the size, we can compare some familiar things. The diameter of an atom is about 1/4 of 1 nanometer. The diameter of a human hair of 10,000 nanometers. The protein molecules, which are so important, so critical to life, are several nanometers in size. Moving to man-made things. The smallest devices on commercially available chips are about 200 nanometers, whereas the smallest experimental chips are approximately 10 nanometers in their smallest dimension. (page 3, Nanotechnology: The State of Nanoscience and its prospects for the next decade.)
Vegetation Responses to Tidal Restoration

Vegetation is perhaps the most conspicuous manifestation of hydrologic and physicochemical processes that have been transformed by both tidal restrictions and subsequent enhancements of tidal flow (restoration). The plants themselves, both living and dead, make up most of the above- and belowground physical structure of tidal marsh systems, while plant vigor, species composition, and phenology are indicators of ecosystem condition (Zhang et al. 1997; Tuxen et al. 2008). Thus monitoring and analysis of plant community change are vital for assessing the impacts of tidal restoration (Callaway et al. 2001).
Convergence of family policy across welfare regimes (1990 to 2010): Different connotations of family policy expansion

Using multiple indices of family policy efforts – work/family reconciliation, gender equality and income protection, this study offers a nuanced understanding of family policy expansion in 14 OECD countries across three welfare regimes from 1990 to 2010. Findings suggest an overall convergence of family policies, particularly in gender equality and work/family reconciliation. Convergence has occurred simultaneously with distinctive family policy changes across welfare regimes. Conservative welfare states have experienced the most profound family policy alterations, shifting from a traditional gender model to one that encourages women's employment, but have, nevertheless, maintained policy efforts that sustain the traditional gender role. Despite an increase in their family policy efforts, liberal welfare states have continued to maintain minimal state action regarding family policy. Changes in social democratic welfare states have been less substantial, as they seem to continue to pursue a dual‐earner model with high degree of gender equality and work/family reconciliation.
Correlates of same-sex behavior disclosure to health care providers among Black MSM in the United States: implications for HIV prevention

Disclosure of same-sex behavior to health care providers (HCPs) by men who have sex with men (MSM) has been argued to be an important aspect of HIV prevention. However, Black MSM are less likely to disclose compared to white MSM. This analysis of data collected in the United States from 2006-2009 identified individual and social network characteristics of Black MSM (n = 226) that are associated with disclosure that may be leveraged to increase disclosure. Over two-thirds (68.1%) of the sample had ever disclosed to HCPs. Part-time employment (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11-0.95), bisexual identity (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12-0.70), and meeting criteria for alcohol use disorders (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.75) were negatively associated with disclosure. Disclosers were more likely to self-report being HIV-positive (AOR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.54-12.98), having more frequent network socialization (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.24-3.73), and having a social network where all members knew the participant had sex with men (AOR = 4.94, 95% CI = 2.06-11.86). These associations were not moderated by self-reported HIV status. Future interventions to help MSM identify social network members to safely disclose their same-sex behavior may also help disclosure of same-sex behavior to HCPs among Black MSM.
Quadratic forms and sums of squares

Our goal in this chapter is to develop the theory of quadratic forms so we can give another proof of Theorem , especially in the three square case. Our exposition follows [31, Part 3, Chap IV] closely.
Recensione a La lente di Svevo di Giuseppe Pontiggia, a cura di Daniela Marcheschi

Recensione di Pontiggia, Giuseppe. La lente di Svevo, a cura Daniela Marcheschi, EDB, 2017.Review of Pontiggia, Giuseppe. La lente di Svevo, edited by Daniela Marcheschi, EDB, 2017.
Mindful Connections: A Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Adolescent Social Media Users

Social media use is ubiquitous with the current adolescent population. Online communication forums may yield positive effects, such as increased social capital. However, they can also engender nega...
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Correlates of Condom Use among Young Adults from Continuation High Schools

Background and Purpose: Youth from continuation high schools (CHS) exhibit riskier sexual behaviors than other high school youth, yet the associations between intrapersonal and interpersonal constructs and condom-using behavior are not fully understood within this population. It is unknown which of these variables may be more strongly associated with condom use. This study explored the effects of parentadolescent communication, perceived HIV susceptibility, condom use peer norms, and condom use selfefficacy on lifetime and recent condom use and the potential moderating effects by gender and Latino ethnicity. Methods: A non-experimental study was conducted with 111 CHS young adults in Southern California who previously participated in a substance abuse prevention intervention. Ordinal logistic regression models assessed the associations between each construct and condom use and included interaction terms by gender and Latino ethnicity. Results: Parent-adolescent communication during adolescence and within the past 6 months as well as peer norms that support condom use were significantly associated with lifetime and recent condom use. Perceived HIV risk and condom use selfefficacy showed no effect. Relationships were not moderated by gender or Latino ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings highlight the salutary influence of parents and peers on personal condom use. Future research should explore intrapersonal factors that may motivate consistent condom use.
THE END IS NEAR: Jarret Kobek’s I Hate the Internet and the Catastrophe of the Present

ABSTRACTThis article offers a reading of Jarret Kobek’s 2016 novel, I Hate the Internet, which will unpack its speculative mechanisms and suggest that its use of speculation works as a partial coun...
Cyber-physical resiliency for islanded microgrids

This paper describes work in progress to analyze the cyber-physical resiliency of a microgrid when operated in islanded mode, as would be the case during an extreme event. The analysis must include each of the four components of a microgrid: sources or generation, energy storage, load, and power electronics interfaces. Two networks with disparate time constants must be accurately modeled. The electrical (and mechanical if there are generators or wind turbines) network is simulated with the power flow equations, a challenging control problem that requires accurate state estimation for its solution. In addition, there is the sensor-communication network consisting of legacy devices such as MV90 meters and SCADA hardware as well as IoT devices such as PMUs and grid management equipment.
Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Background Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a very rare liver tumor. We aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological factors and treatment modalities affecting overall survival (OS) in FLC. The objective of the study was to identify predictors of survival in FLC. Patients and methods Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 496 patients diagnosed with FLC between 2004 and 2015. Clinicopathological, treatment, and survival data were collected. Results Hepatic resection was performed on 254 (51.2%) patients, liver-directed therapy on 13 (2.6%) patients, and liver transplantation on 15 (3.0%) patients. Median OS by stage were 142.1, 87.2, 32.3, and 14.1 months for stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Metastatectomy was not associated with superior median OS (23.4 vs. 10.5 months, p=0.163). Age ≤40, low Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, early stage and hepatic resection were independently associated with longer OS. Conclusion Our study reports current trends in FLC management, and identifies independent predictors of OS.
Electrochemical stability, physical, and electronic properties of thermally pre-formed oxide compared to artificially sputtered oxide on Fe thin films in aqueous chloride

Abstract The electrochemical stability and corrosion behavior of the thermally pre-oxidized and sputter deposited variant of an oxide single-crystalline Fe thin film were compared. Thermal oxides formed Fe2O3 over an inner layer of Fe3O4 while the sputtered oxides were found to have grown Fe3O4 instead of the target stoichiometry of Fe2O3. Oxide films of both types were stable in pH = 9.3 borate buffer solution, however, were altered in pH = 9.3, 0.1 M NaCl solution in the case of thermally pre-oxidized Fe thin film. The stability of the oxide differed in pH = 4, 0.1 M NaCl where sputtered Fe films were more stable against acidic chemical dissolution than the thermally formed Fe oxide film. These differences were traced by AC/DC electrochemical analysis including electronic defect densities, and molecular identity characterized by ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.