cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Animal Lentiviruses: Models for Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Nutrition

The purpose of this work is to elucidate useful relationships between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lentiviruses in nonhuman species and HIV. In particular, this study examined relationships between simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), and HIV. The need to investigate these lentiviruses is due to the current global prevalence of HIV and demand for better therapeutic strategies and understanding of available models for this disease. To clarify common characteristics between these viruses, this chapter explores areas such as nutritional effects, morphology, genomic organization and expression, modes of transmission, infectious cycles, and clinical and pathological characteristics of these lentiviruses. This study found that several HIV-related lentiviruses have proven to be useful models for studying HIV pathology as well as disease treatments and possible preventative strategies. Further research of these lentiviruses could provide more beneficial correlations with HIV.
Non-Muscle Myosin II

In mammals, three different isoforms of nonmuscle myosin II, II-A,II-B and II-C, are widely distributed throughout the entire organism. while a few cells contain a single isoform, most contain more than one,including isoforms generated by alternative splicing. In humans, these isoforms are encoded by three different genes, MYH9 (II-A), MYH10 and MYH14(II-C), present on threee different chromosomes. These proteins play a role in many fundamental cellular and developmental processes such as cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and cytokinesis. Although all three isoforms share a number of biochemical and structural properties, there are also importand differences among them that are being investigated at both the cellular level as well as the relaticely specific inhibitor of myosin MgATPase activity, blebbistatin, are two important new tools helping to ellucidate the function of nonmuscle myosin II. The use of homologous recombination to generate mice that have been ablated for, or have ,markedly decreased amounts of each isoform, or have point mutations in the various isoforms, is also providing new information about the role of these proteins in vivo. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the properties of nonmuscle muosin II and its signalilng pathways and to provide examples of its function in cells fromo a number of species, as well as intact animals
Trehalose Synthesis during Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum III. IN VITRO UNMASKING OF TREHALOSE 6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE

Abstract Trehalose-6-P synthetase, highly active in crude extracts prepared from cells at preculmination, is also present at the beginning of differentiation (myxamoebae) in a masked form. By selective ammonium sulfate fractionation and preliminary incubation at 35°, it is possible to unmask trehalose-6-P synthetase activity in myxamoebae extracts. This communication re-emphasizes the inadequacy of enzyme profiles and antibiotic inhibition studies as a means of understanding metabolic regulation during cellular differentiation.
Decreased [35S] sulfate uptake into aorta and liver of rats given histamine injections

Summary The labeling of rat tissues with [ 35 S] sulfate has been studied in rats fed a high fat diet along with parenteral administration of histamine. There was a statistically significant decrease in the [ 35 S]sulfate uptake into aorta and liver of rats treated with histamine compared to non-treated animals. Kidney, heart and skin were not affected by the histamine treatment. The fat content of the diet had no effect on the 35 S uptake.
A faithfulness criterion for the Gassner representation of the pure braid group

This work is directed towards the open question of the faithfulness of the reduced Gassner representation of the pure braid group, Pn(n > 3). Long and Paton proved that if a Burau matrix M has ones on the diagonal and zeros below the diagonal then M is the identity matrix. In this paper, a generalization of Long and Paton’s result will be proved. Our main theorem is that if the trace of the image of an element of Pn under the reduced Gassner representation is n− 1, then this element lies in the kernel of this representation. Then, as a corollary, we prove that an analogue of the main theorem holds true for the Burau representation of the braid group.
Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. XXI. Utilization of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates by Escherichia coli cells.

Abstract Escherichia coli cells incubated in tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane buffer in the absence of divalent cations (Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetate) or in Tris buffer in the presence of Mn++ (Tris-Mn++) utilize deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates for the intracellular synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. All four of the triphosphates are required, and they cannot be replaced by monophosphates or by ribonucleoside triphosphates. Based on the behavior of mutants deficient in endonuclease I and on other findings, the utilization of deoxynucleoside triphosphates after Tris-EDTA treatment is thought to be the result of (a) increased permeability and (b) the exposure of priming points for polymerase action on the cellular DNA. The specific effect of Mn++ in the Tris-Mn++ treatment is not explained; it does not depend on endonuclease I action nor does it, any more than Tris-EDTA, appear to involve the physiological operations of chromosomal replication.
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA): what it is and what it means for physicians

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was passed by the US Congress in 1986 as part of the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act (COBRA), much of which dealt with Medicare issues. The law's initial intent was to ensure patient access to emergency medical care and to prevent the practice of patient dumping, in which uninsured patients were transferred, solely for financial reasons, from private to public hospitals without consideration of their medical condition or stability for the transfer. Although only 4 pages in length and barely noticed at the time, EMTALA has created a storm of controversy over the ensuing 15 years, and it is now considered one of the most comprehensive laws guaranteeing nondiscriminatory access to emergency medical care and thus to the health care system. Even though its initial language covered the care of emergency medical conditions, through interpretations by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) (now known as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services), the body that oversees EMTALA enforcement, as well as various court decisions, the statute now potentially applies to virtually all aspects of patient care in the hospital setting. Thus, all physicians on the hospital staff, not just emergency physicians, need to be familiar with its general requirements. This article summarizes the historical context of EMTALA and discusses the requirements of the statute both in the law's original language and in the subsequent interpretations by HCFA and the courts. It includes discussions of on-call physician responsibilities under the statute, penalties, and enforcement procedures. The emphasis is on the impact of the statute—not just on the emergency care of patients but on the hospital and its medical staff.
Impact of differential injury reporting on the estimation of the total number of work-related amputations.

BACKGROUND: A capture-recapture analysis was performed to estimate the total number of work-related amputations. We examined the impact of misclassification due to differential injury reporting on the estimate of total number of work-related amputations. METHODS: Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) samples and workers' compensation records (WC) were used to estimate the total number of work-related amputations. Some of the amputation cases in one data source matched with injuries other than amputations in the other data source. We performed sensitivity analyses reassigning such cases as matched amputations. RESULTS: Depending on how we treated the cases matched with other injuries, the total number of work-related amputations ranged from 276 to 442 cases, yielding dramatically different capture rates (35-87%). CONCLUSION: Due to differential classification, estimates of work-related amputations would be biased. Our findings highlight the importance of accurately reporting and classifying work-related injuries and illnesses. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1144-1148, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Ultrastructure of Mutants of Streptococcus mutans with Reference to Agglutination, Adhesion, and Extracellular Polysaccharide

An electron microscopic study of S. mutans 6715-13 wild type and representatives of three distinct classes of glucan synthesis-defective mutants (which fail to form adherent microbial plaques but agglutinate normally in the presence of exogenous glucans) disclosed the presence of two sucrose-dependent, glucanase-sensitive, extracellular components. In the wild type, these extracellular glucans had predominantly fibrillar (with some globular) morphologies. However, in the mutant strains, there was a consistent reduction in or loss of the fibrillar components and dramatic increases in globular forms. A cell surface-associated fuzzy coat was consistently seen, and it was neither sucrose-dependent nor glucanase-sensitive. The data indicated that in vitro and in vivo adhesion and virulence at smooth tooth surfaces (all these properties dramatically reduced in the mutants) were causally and functionally related to the extracellular, fibrillar, glucan component, whereas in vitro glucan-mediated agglutination may be related to the cell-associated surface fuzzy coat.
microRNA and mRNA expression signatures of Myc and E2F1 oncogenic pathways

A80 While the use of gene expression profiles to differentiate various tumor subtypes according to their physiology has become a common practice in cancer biology, efforts to utilize the ensuing data to better understand the biology of cancer have been limited. To this end, we recently generated a series of messenger RNA signatures reflecting deregulated oncogenic pathways. These signatures are capable of predicting pathway status of a given tumor, and potentially to serve as a platform for guided therapeutics in a clinical setting. A critical component of the gene regulatory complexity derives from the microRNAs, small regulatory RNA molecules that have been shown to play important roles in key cellular processes, aberration of which lead to numerous pathologies, including cancer. Given their regulatory capacities, obtaining unique expression profiles of microRNAs in the context of various oncogenic pathways will enrich us of information regarding gene regulation that will not only complement aforementioned mRNA expression oncogenic pathway predictor, but will also set the stage for further investigation on the role of these miRNAs in oncogenesis. Indeed, our studies demonstrate that unique miRNA signatures can be generated that can predict the deregulation of the Myc and E2F1 pathways. We further show that microRNA data can be combined with mRNA microarray expression data, using classification tree models, to generate a signature of Myc pathway activation that integrates the two datasets. Among the miRNAs that contributed to the confirmed signature was miR-20a, one that has been previously reported to be a direct transcriptional target of Myc, further supporting the validity of this approach. Taken together, these results suggest that microRNAs are inherent component of major oncogenic pathways, whose information may further contribute to our understanding of malignant processes.
The polarized emission spectra of substituted naphthalenes

Abstract The polarized fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of variously substituted naphthalenes have been measured in ethanol at 77° K. The results show that the fluorescence characteristics of naphthylamines and naphtholate ions are somewhat different from those of the other substituted naphthalenes. This difference in the emission behaviour is attributed to a significant increase in the chargetransfer interactions in the excited states of the former, resulting most probably from a partial change in the hybridization of the lone-pair orbitals of the strong electron-donating substituents as well as from increasing solvent-solute interactions during the lifetimes of the excited states. The role of intramolecular chargetransfer transitions in various naphthylamines and naphtholate ions is further reflected in the observed difference in the spin-orbit coupling mechanisms of these molecules from those of the other substituted naphthalenes in bringing dipoleallowed character into their phosphorescence spectra.
COMPARISON OF SERUM DEPENDENCY OF TRANSFORMED INSECT CELL LINES OF DIFFERENT DEGREES OF MALIGNANCY

The rate of growth of four malignantly transformed insect cell lines was correlated with their dependence on serum in the medium. Highly malignant lines, in terms of LT50 for insects injected with the cells, were less affected in vitro by low levels of serum than were the lines that killed more slowly in vivo. The two most malignant lines could be adapted to growth in medium without serum, whereas the others could not.
Hall probe measurements of the poloidal magnetic field in Compact Toroidal Hybrid plasmas

A linear array of 16 Hall effect sensors has been developed to directly measure the poloidal magnetic field inside the boundary of a non-axisymmetric hybrid torsatron/tokamak plasma. The array consists of miniature gallium arsenide Hall sensor elements mounted 8 mm apart on a narrow, rotatable printed circuit board inserted into a re-entrant stainless steel tube sheathed in boron nitride. The sensors are calibrated on the bench and in situ to provide accurate local measurements of the magnetic field to aid in reconstructing the equilibrium plasma current density profiles in fully three-dimensional plasmas. Calibrations show that the sensor sensitivities agree with the nominal manufacturers specifications of 1.46 V/T. Poloidal fields measured with the Hall sensor array are found to be within 5% of poloidal fields modeled with a Biot-Savart code.
TATA box binding protein induces structure in the recombinant glucocorticoid receptor AF1 domain

A number of transcription factor proteins contain domains that are fully or partially unstructured. The means by which such proteins acquire naturally folded conformations are not well understood. When they encounter their proper binding partner(s), several of these proteins adopt a folded conformation through an induced-fit mechanism. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Expressed independently as a recombinant peptide, the N-terminal transactivation domain (AF1) of the GR shows little structure and appears to exist as a collection of random coil configurations. The GR AF1 is known to interact with other transcription factors, including a critical component of the general transcription machinery proteins, the TATA box binding protein (TBP). We tested whether this interaction can lead to acquisition of structure in the GR AF1. Our results show that recombinant GR AF1 acquires a significant amount of helical content when it interacts with TBP. These structural changes were monitored by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopies, and by proteolytic digestions. Our results support a model in which TBP binding interaction with the GR AF1 induces significantly greater helical structure in the AF1 domain. This increased helical content in the GR AF1 appears to come mostly at the expense of random coil conformation. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that an induced-fit mechanism gives structure to the GR AF1 when it encounters TBP.
Search for a narrow state at 23.9 MeV in 4He in the 3H + p channel

Abstract Some previous polarization and asymmetry measurements in the 2 H(d, n) and 2 H(d, p) reactions, when initiated with either unpolarized or polarized deuterons, have shown an anomaly in the excitation curves near E d ≈ 100 keV. A state at an excitation energy of 23.9 MeV in 4 He was proposed to account for this anomaly. In the present work, a search for this state has been made by measuring 3 H+p elastic scattering in a proton energy range centered at about 5.45 MeV. The measurements were made using both an unpolarized as well as a polarized proton beam incident on a very thin ( ΔE ≈ 5 keV) titanium-tritium target. No evidence for this state was found.
A Case for High-Fidelity Analysis of Nonlinear Electromechanical Torsional Dynamics, or ``Are You Really Sure It Won't Destroy Itself?''

Increasing drive system size and complexity has produced a trend towards higher risk of premature component failure due to excessive dynamic torsional stresses. There is a need for an accurate modeling of the total drive system including nonlinearities and component interactions. Effect of model ``fidelity'' on the predicted dynamic torques in several drive systems which have been studied are discussed. The results show that model fidelity can be a highly significant factor in assessing design system risks as components operate closer to their design limits.
Massachusetts health reforms: uninsurance remains low, self-reported health status improves as state prepares to tackle costs.

The Massachusetts health reform initiative enacted into law in 2006 continued to fare well in 2010, with uninsurance rates remaining quite low and employer-sponsored insurance still strong. Access to health care also remained strong, and first-time reductions in emergency department visits and hospital inpatient stays suggested improvements in the effectiveness of health care delivery in the state. There were also improvements in self-reported health status. The affordability of health care, however, remains an issue for many people, as the state, like the nation, continues to struggle with the problem of rising health care costs. And although nearly two-thirds of adults continue to support reform, among nonsupporters there has been a marked shift from a neutral position toward opposition (17.0 percent opposed to reform in 2006 compared with 26.9 percent in 2010). Taken together, Massachusetts’s experience under the 2006 reform initiative, which became the template for the structure of the Affordable Care...
Medical Liability of the Physician in Training

Background Lawsuits alleging medical negligence by postgraduate physicians in training (residents) arise from treatment received by aggrieved patients at teaching hospitals. A threshold question in determining liability is whether or not the standard of care has been violated. Courts have questioned whether the proper standard governing resident physician conduct should be that of a reasonably competent generalist physician, that of a specialty physician, or whether the standard should be some subjective determination that addresses the resident level of training.
Egalitarian Reformism in the Third World vs The Military: A Profile of Failure

Patterns of civil-military relations associated with ten deposed reformist regime are delineated. The case studies were selected because of their historical prominence and the consequent availability of information. They consist of: Iran's Mossadegh (1953), Guatemala's Arbenz (1954), the Dominican Republic's Bosch 1962), Brazil's Goulart (1964), Indonesia's Sukarno (1965), Ghana's Nkrumah (1966), Mali's Keita (1968), Cambodia's Sihanouk (1970), Bolivia's Torres (1971), and Chile's Allende (1973). Similarities are identified in the origins and composition of anti-reform coalitions. These include not only the traditional 'right', but also most politically active middle class sectors and associated Western interests. The United States played a major interventionist role in most of the 'destabilizations'.The autonomy, conservative norms, and external linkages of the military officer corps constituted a key problem for reform leadership, as did the openness of the political svstem to penetration by Western age...
Distinctness of Bases of Social Power

Si~mnzary.-The study investigated the empirical distinctness and independence of the 5 bases of social power as hypothesized by French and Raven. The responses of 110 public assistance workers to 80 questionnaire items regarding their fellow workers' and supervisors' expertness, legitimacy, positive sanctions, negative sanctions, and attraction were submitted to factor analysis. 11 factors were defined, 9 of which corresponded to perceived expertness, legitimacy, positive sanctions, and negative sanctions of supervisors and of workers. Negative sanctions were defined by 2 separate factors for workers. Attraction, or referent power, did not emerge in the analysis as a separate entity. Social power is defined as the ability of one individual to influence the behavior and/or attitudes of another. French and Raven (1959) have distinguished five bases of social power-reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, referent power, anc expert power-stemming from the relationship between the influencer and the person being influenced. Positive sanctions, or reward power, refers to the influencee's perception that an influencer can mediate rewards for him; negative sanctions, or coercive power to the influencee's perception of the influencer's ability to mediate punishments. Legitimate power is based on the influencee's perception that the other has a right to influence him. Expert power refers to the influencee's perception that the influencer has superior knowledge or skill, and referent power, or attraction, is the extent to which the relationship between the influencer and influencce is characterized by positive valence for the latter. French and Raven (1959) suggest that the five bases of power are inclusive of, or indicative of, almost all types of influence discussed by ocher writers. Research and rheory have suggested that, under given conditions, variables of social power relate to conformity (Cartwright, 1965; Galinsky, 1963; Rosen, 1963; Smith, 1970; Warren, 1969). It is possible, however, that the five bases of power are not empirically distinct. There have been no studies that examine directly this question. The objective of the research reported here was to examine the question of the distinctness and independence of the five bases of social power as conceptualized by French and Raven ( 1953).
Aortic stenosis and rupture of mitral chordae tendineae

Ten patients with aortic stenosis and ruptured mitral chordae tendineae constituted 8% of 125 consecutive surgical cases of chordal rupture. Their ages ranged from 54 to 87 years (mean 68). Six patients presented with acute onset of congestive heart failure, and eight were in New York Heart Association functional class HI or IV at the time of cardiac catheterization. Extensive mitral anulus calcification was observed by fluoroscopy in seven patients. The mean aortic valve area index was 0.4 cm2/m2and nine patients had moderate to severe mitral regurgitation by angiography. Calcific aortic stenosis affected a tricuspid valve in nine cases and a bicuspid valve in one case. One patient had a rheumatic mitral valve and one a redundant myxomatous mitral valve; the remaining eight had no abnormality of the mitral apparatus commonly regarded as predisposing to chordal rupture. Mitral anulus calcification and ventricular anatomic and hemodynamic alterations in aortic stenosis may contribute to rupture of the mitral chordae tendineae.
No association between CALHM1 variation and risk of Alzheimer disease.

A polymorphism in the calcium homeostasis modulator 1 gene (CALHM1) has recently been associated with risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease. We examined this variant (rs2986017) in 945 Caucasian Americans with late-onset Alzheimer disease and 875 age-matched Caucasian American controls. No association with risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease (p=0.368 for genotypes; p=0.796 for alleles) was observed in our sample. However, a potential modest association of minor allele homozygosity (TT) with an earlier age-at-onset was seen (p=0.034). © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hα excitation in the hydrogen near the earth

It is shown that it is possible to account for the H/sub alpha / radiation observed in the night sky by radiative transport of Lyman- BETA , if the nocturnal hydrogen content of the geocorona is of an optical thickness large enough to account for observed Lyman- alpha excitntion. It is necessary to assume a large varintion during the solar dycle in the depth of reversal of the solar Lyman- BETA line to account for the H/sub alpha / intensities reported whether the night-time Lyman- alpha is excited by single scattering in a geocoma or by multiple scattering in the geocorona. The variation needed is much larger for the geocomal explanation. The variation of H/sub alpha / with solar elongation angle combined with the intensity data favors the geocoronal hypothesis. (auth)
Vasomotor responses of rat intracerebral arterioles to vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and bradykinin.

The effect of vasoactive peptides on vascular smooth muscle in the cerebral microcirculation was examined using an isolated intracerebral arteriole preparation. Extraluminally applied vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) dilated the spontaneous tone of intracerebral arterioles to 118.9 ± 3.1% of control diameter at pH 7.30, with an EC50 of 7.27 × 10−8M. Similar degrees of dilation to VIP were seen in vessels preconstricted by changing bath solution to pH 7.60. Substance P had no effect on vessel diameter at pH 7.30. However, in vessels precontracted by pH 7.60, significant dose-dependent dilation was observed with an EC50 of 2.55 × 10−10M. Neuropeptide constricted intracerebral arterioles to 8l.22 ± 2.7% of control diameter, with an EC50 of 6.23 × 10−10M. Bradykinin dilated intracerebral arterioles at pH 7.30 and pH 7.60 to 130 ± 3.0% of control diameter. VIP and bradykinin are potent vasodilators of intracerebral arterioles. Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor. The effect of substance P appeared to be eit...
Behavioural studies on the lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus (Raitt) I. The effect of food availability on activity and the role of olfaction in food detection

The behaviour of the lesser sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Raitt), has been investigated using a photographic method of recording activity. Three main states of activity were recognized: (1) swimming, (2) partially emerged from the sand, or (3) completely buried in the sand. When food was present there was a basic diurnal rhythm of activity; during the dark period most of the fish remained buried in the sand and in the light period they emerged to swim and feed. In the absence of food the level of swimming activity during the light period was extremely low, while the level of partial emergence activity increased. The fish appear to be visual feeders and those which were buried in the sand did not appear to be able to detect the presence of food in the water by means of olfaction. There was usually a low level of partial emergence activity during the dark period, which tended to increase in the few hours before the lights were switched on. The timing of this increase was thought to be related to an internal clock. The basic diurnal rhythm of activity shown in the laboratory experiments is discussed in relation to the marked diurnal variation in the catch of sandeels in the fishery. It is concluded that the failure to catch sandeels at night is due to their remaining buried in the sand.
Challenges in quantifying multisensory integration: alternative criteria, models, and inverse effectiveness

Single-neuron studies provide a foundation for understanding many facets of multisensory integration. These studies have used a variety of criteria for identifying and quantifying multisensory integration. While a number of techniques have been used, an explicit discussion of the assumptions, criteria, and analytical methods traditionally used to define the principles of multisensory integration is lacking. This was not problematic when the field was small, but with rapid growth a number of alternative techniques and models have been introduced, each with its own criteria and sets of implicit assumptions to define and characterize what is thought to be the same phenomenon. The potential for misconception prompted this reexamination of traditional approaches in order to clarify their underlying assumptions and analytic techniques. The objective here is to review and discuss traditional quantitative methods advanced in the study of single-neuron physiology in order to appreciate the process of multisensory integration and its impact.
Spinal cord ependymomas

Abstract Ependymomas are the most common intramedullary spinal cord tumor in adults. With complete microsurgical resection, the recurrence rate of these tumors is very low. The strongest predictor of postoperative neurological function is preoperative disability. All intramedullary spinal cord tumors that may prove to be ependymomas should be approached with the goal of total resection. Intraoperative monitoring may help surgeons to preserve neurological function. Histological examination of the tumor intraoperatively may assist surgical decision-making, but it must be considered in the context of the gross appearance of the tumor, particularly the existence of a dissectable plane between the tumor and the spinal cord. If gross total resection is achieved, postoperative adjunctive therapy is unnecessary, and the patient should be followed radiographically for recurrence.
Cosmological Constraints from Current Cosmic Microwave Background and Type Ia Supernova Data: A Brute Force, Eight-Parameter Analysis

We describe constraints on a "standard" eight-parameter, open cold dark matter (CDM) model from the most recent cosmic microwave background and Type Ia supernova data. Our parameters are the densities of CDM, baryons, vacuum energy and curvature, the reionization optical depth, and the normalization and tilt for both scalar and tensor fluctuations. We find that although the possibility of reionization and of gravity waves substantially weakens the constraints on the CDM and baryon density, the tilt, and the Hubble constant and curvature, allowing, e.g., a closed universe, open models with a vanishing cosmological constant are still strongly disfavored.
Reprint of: Early and late outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection with intramural hematoma.

Introduction Controversy remains regarding management of acute type A dissection with intramural hematoma (IMH). Our purpose was to analyze our experience and report outcomes after repair of acute type A aortic dissection with IMH. Methods We analyzed all patients from a single center who underwent open repair for acute type A aortic dissection with IMH. Results Between 2000 and 2013, we performed 418 repairs for acute type A aortic dissection. These were divided into 2 groups of patients: 64 patients (15%) with type A IMH and 354 patients (85%) with typical dissection. Those with IMH were older (62.4 ± 13.9 years vs 56.7 ± 14.7 years; P P P P P = .4276). A lower incidence of postoperative dialysis in the IMH group approached significance: 6 out of 63 patients (9.5%) versus 64 out of 347 patients (18.4%; P = .0820). When adjusted for age and renal function, late survival was improved with IMH ( P Conclusions Repair of acute type A aortic dissection with IMH is associated with significant early morbidity and mortality, differing minimally from typical aortic dissection. Although expectant repair within 3 days may be applied, the purposeful delay imparted little advantage. Improved late outcomes may be seen with IMH, but continued long-term surveillance is required for verification.
Phonons rewrite structural recipes

It is somewhat ironic that advances in semiconductor technology and computer memory have exposed flaws in our understanding of semiconductor crystal structures, especially under high pressure. New computer simulations, which include the effects of phonons — quanta of crystal lattice vibrations — in the theory, reveal a more diverse family of semiconductor structures.
Panel Analyzes Pakistan's Internal Water Concerns

Although transboundary water issues between Pakistan and neighboring countries may be exciting and interesting, Pakistan's real water and security nexus is at the local level, according to Daanish Mustafa, coauthor of a new report, “Understanding Pakistan's Water-Security Nexus.” Mustafa, a reader in politics and environment at King's College, London, U.K., was a panelist at a 30 May forum in Washington, D. C., sponsored by the United States Institute of Peace, which published the report.
Salinity detection and associated behavior in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister

Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister, showed the same antennular flicking response to brief (<2 min) salinity fluctuations as they have previously shown in detecting chemical food cues during other studies. The threshold concentrations at which 50% of the crabs detected the salinity changes were 29.9‰ and 32.7‰ or 96% and 105% of ambient seawater (31.0‰). At the maximum salinity changes used, other behaviors accompanied the flicking response. In a second experiment where salinity rose or fell continuously, two previously undescribed behaviors, pulsing and closure, occurred. In pulsing, crabs showed a rapid coordinated opening and closing of the outer maxillipeds with rapid beating of the maxillipedal flagellae. In closure, crabs stopped all overt activity, retracted their appendages and tightly closed the buccal cavity with the outer maxillipeds. Under increasing salinity crabs exhibited pulsing at 34.9‰ or 113% of ambient seawater and closure at 36.2‰ or 117% of ambient. Under decreasing salinity crabs showed pulsing at 23.2‰ or 75% of ambient seawater and closure at 15.5‰ or 50% of ambient.
Reevaluation of Gulf Coast Pliocene-Pleistocene Boundary: ABSTRACT

A reexamination of the sequences of planktonic foram and calcareous nannoplankton in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments beneath the Louisiana continental shelf has been undertaken to modernize correlation schemes that were established 10-20 years ago. As a consequence it can be shown that (1) a new correlation of marine micropaleontological and continental glacial events is necessary; (2) the Gulf Coast faunal events can be correlated reliably with those in the type Italian Pleistocene section and in the deep sea cores; (3) some species, the limits of whose ranges have been relied upon for isochronous boundaries (e.g., Globoquadrina altispira) appear to have persisted in some areas for a considerably longer time than in other areas; and (4) it is increasingly evident that it s invalid to correlate the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, as defined by paleontology, with a climatically defined boundary. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1698------------
Propionic acid production in glycerol/glucose co-fermentation by Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii

Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii can ferment glucose and glycerol to propionic acid with acetic and succinic acids as two by-products. Propionic acid production from glucose was relatively fast (0.19 g/Lh) but gave low product yield (~0.39 g/g) and selectivity (P/A: ~2.6; P/S: ~4.8). In contrast, glycerol with a more reduced state gave a high propionic acid yield (~0.65 g/g) and selectivity (P/A: ~31; P/S: ~11) but low productivity (0.11 g/L h). On the other hand, co-fermentation of glycerol and glucose at an appropriate mass ratio gave both a high yield (0.54-0.65 g/g) and productivity (0.18-0.23 g/L h) with high product selectivity (P/A: ~14; P/S: ~10). The carbon flux distributions in the co-fermentation as affected by the ratio of glycerol/glucose were investigated. Finally, co-fermentation with cassava bagasse hydrolysate and crude glycerol in a fibrous-bed bioreactor was demonstrated, providing an efficient way for economic production of bio-based propionic acid.
Abstract 717: The diterpenoid lactone andrographolide (andro) induces apoptosis in all- trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell lines: Potential therapeutic implications

Andro is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, an important herbal medicine used in Asia to treat a range of diseases, (respiratory infection, fever, diarrhea). Andro is the major bioactive component extracted from Andrographis paniculata. The three hydroxyls at C-3, C-19 and C-14 are responsible for its biological activities. Recently, the anti-cancer properties of Andro have been recognized, and we found that Andro results in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines and fresh malignant cells from patients with lymphoma. Based on the mechanism of action of this novel diterepenoid lactone and a prior report (Manikam et al Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacol 2009, 61:69), we hypothesized that Andro may have activity in APL. The cell differentiation inducing agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy has become standard first-line treatment for APL through a mechanism that involves cell differentiation, but recent data suggest that ATRA alone or ATRA and arsenic trioxide, which induces apoptosis by degradation of the chimeric fusion protein PML-RARα, may replace ATRA/chemotherapy as initial treatment. Because Andro appears to work through a different mechanism than ATRA, we utilized ATRA-sensitive NB4, ATRA-resistant NB4 (NB4-007/6 and NB4-306) cell lines to test the in-vitro anti-leukemia effect of Andro on APL cells by measuring cell viability (MTT assay), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI, FACS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (TMRE/ FACS), cell differentiation (CD11B staining/FACS) and signaling pathways (Western blot). We found that Andro reduced APL cell viability, MMP and increased apoptosis in a time & dose-dependent manner. Moreover ATRA-resistant NB4-007/6 or NB4-306 cell lines were more sensitive to Andro compared with the ATRA-sensitive NB4 cell line. We found that the mechanism of Andro activity is not related to cell differentiation as measured by CD11b. In order to interrogate signaling pathways involved, we studied p27kip1 and FasL expression and found that Andro resulted in up-regulation of both. One of the forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, FOXO1, a transcription factor, also demonstrated increased phosphorylation at Thr24 at 1h, 3h, and 24h Andro, but reduced phosphorylation at Thr24 at 6h and 16h. Taken together, these data suggest that Andro may have activity in patients with ATRA-resistant APL by a mechanism of action that is distinct from ATRA. Thus, further studies of diterpenoid lactones in APL are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 717.
A HELMHOLTZ PRESSURE EQUATION METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF UNSTEADY INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLOWS

A time-implicit numerical method for solving unsteady incompressible viscous flow problems is introduced. The method is based on introducing intermediate compressibility into a projection scheme to obtain a Helmholtz equation for a pressure-type variable. The intermediate compressibility increases the diagonal dominance of the discretized pressure equation so that the Helmholtz pressure equation is relatively easy to solve numerically. The Helmholtz pressure equation provides an iterative method for satisfying the continuity equation for time-implicit Navier–Stokes algorithms. An iterative scheme is used to simultaneously satisfy, within a given tolerance, the velocity divergence-free condition and momentum equations at each time step. Collocated primitive variables on a non-staggered finite difference mesh are used. The method is applied to an unsteady Taylor problem and unsteady laminar flow past a circular cylinder.
Strain limited design criteria for reinforced plastic process equipment

Abstract This paper describes some of the strain corrosion work carried out by Scott Bader Company as part of a continuing programme of chemical resistance testing. Special attention is paid to two aspects of process equipment design: investigative work aimed at assessing microdamage in reinforced polyesters using acoustic emission techniques and relating those to strain-limited design criteria; and a closer look at the nature of chemical attack of the resin and reinforcement in the all-important corrosion-resistant barrier. From the data collected so far, it is concluded that strain-limited design has much to offer as a means of minimising the likelihood of breakdown of the resin/reinforcement interface. However, as a single criterion it does not ensure complete safety during the service life of RP components. Examination of laboratory specimens and actual components has indicated that in certain aggressive environments insufficient thought has been given to the type, thickness and strain carrying ability of the barrier layer.
Memory retrieval and the parietal cortex: A review of evidence from a dual-process perspective

Although regions of the parietal cortex have been consistently implicated in episodic memory retrieval, the functional roles of these regions remain poorly understood. The present review presents a meta-analysis of findings from event-related fMRI studies reporting the loci of retrieval effects associated with familiarity- and recollection-related recognition judgments. The results of this analysis support previous suggestions that retrieval-related activity in lateral parietal cortex dissociates between superior regions, where activity likely reflects the task relevance of different classes of recognition test items, and more inferior regions where retrieval-related activity appears closely linked to successful recollection. It is proposed that inferior lateral parietal cortex forms part of a neural network supporting the 'episodic buffer' [Baddeley, A. D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 417-423].
Smart Metering of Variable Power Loads

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) seeks to determine the operation of individual loads in a building strictly from measurements made on an aggregate current signal serving a collection of loads. Great strides have been made in performing NILM for loads whose operating state can be represented by a finite-state machine, i.e., loads that consume discrete or distinct power levels for periods of time. It is much more difficult to track the operation of continuously variable loads that demand ever-changing power. These loads are becoming more prevalent as variable speed drives, daylight-responsive lighting, and other power electronic controlled loads emerge on the grid. This paper demonstrates a method for tracking the power consumption of variable demand loads nonintrusively. The method applies to any site where NILM might be of interest, including commercial and industrial buildings, residences, and transportation systems.
Some nonmasking auditory postsignal effects

Observers were asked to detect a 20-msec segment of a sinusoidal signal masked by a band-limited white noise. A postsignal decrease in the spectrum level of the noise within the critical band of the signal enhanced the detectability of that signal if the decrease occurred within approximately 25 msec following signal termination. Postsignal decreases outside the critical band of the signal, and decreases within the critical band delayed longer than approximately 40 msec, reduced the detectability of the signal for decrease delays up to between approximately 150 and 400 msec, depending on the spectral characteristics of the decrease. Comparisons with typical backward masking results indicate probable common factors of short-term temporal summation and longer term attention.
Intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption: responses to hemorrhage in the developing piglet.

Intestinal Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption: Responses to Hemorrhage in the Developing Piglet
Intraoperative Ultrasound Aids in Dissection During Laparoscopic Partial Adrenalectomy

ABSTRACTPurpose: Adrenal cortical sparing surgery is a relatively new approach to adrenal tumors. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is a technically feasible but challenging operation. We describe the use of intraoperative ultrasound to facilitate laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in a population with a hereditary predisposition to multifocal pheochromocytoma.Materials and Methods: All patients underwent a history, physical examination, serum and urine catecholamine determinations, abdominal computerized tomography-magnetic resonance imaging and metaiodobenzylguanidine scan. The adrenal gland was exposed using a standard 3 or 4 port approach. Intraoperative ultrasound was performed using a 7.5 MHz. 10 mm. transducer placed through a 12 mm. port. After imaging the whole gland and adjacent structures partial adrenalectomy was performed based on intraoperative ultrasound images using a harmonic scalpel or alternatively using a cut and sew technique that provided a 5 mm. margin. Tumors were removed intact and s...
Evaluation of moisture reduction in small diameter trees after crushing

Abstract Past studies have suggested that processing small diameter whole trees, like those found on rights-of-way (ROWs), would help reduce transportation costs and increase energy value by lowering stem moisture content. Small stems were crushed by a roller crusher/splitter test bench machine and allowed to dry under field conditions in Alabama. Tests were conducted in winter and summer using softwoods and hardwoods. Crushing facilitated short term field drying during periods when rain was light or absent. Any benefits of crushing are realized within the first five weeks of drying. Under field conditions, there is no guaranteed benefit associated with crushing trees to increase the rate of moisture loss over long drying periods or in times of heavy rainfall.
Design of a Highly Reactive HDV Ribozyme Sequence Uncovers Facilitation of RNA Folding by Alternative Pairings and Physiological Ionic Strength

Abstract The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme is a self-cleaving RNA that resides in the HDV genome and regulates its replication. The native fold of the ribozyme is complex, having two pseudoknots. Earlier work implicated four non-native pairings in slowing pseudoknot formation: Alt 1, Alt 2, Alt 3, and Alt P1. The goal of the present work was design of a kinetically simplified and maximally reactive construct for in vitro mechanistic and structural studies. The initial approach chosen was site-directed mutagenesis in which known alternative pairings were destabilized while leaving the catalytic core intact. Based on prior studies, the G11C/U27Δ double mutant was prepared. However, biphasic kinetics and antisense oligonucleotide response trends opposite those of the well-studied G11C mutant were observed suggesting that new alternative pairings with multiple registers, termed Alt X and Alt Y, had been created. Enzymatic structure mapping of oligonucleotide models supported this notion. This led to a model wherein Alt 2 and the phylogenetically conserved Alt 3 act as “folding guides”, facilitating folding of the major population of the RNA molecules by hindering formation of the Alt X and Alt Y registers. Attempts to eliminate the strongest of the Alt X pairings by rational design of a quadruple mutant only resulted in more complex kinetic behavior. In an effort to simultaneously destabilize multiple alternative pairings, studies were carried out on G11C/U27Δ in the presence of urea or increased monovalent ion concentration. Inclusion of physiological ionic strength allowed the goal of monophasic, fast-folding (kobs≈60 min−1) kinetics to be realized. To account for this, a model is developed wherein Na+, which destabilizes secondary and tertiary structures in the presence of Mg2+, facilitates native folding by destabilizing the multiple alternative secondary structures with a higher-order dependence.