cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ligand-mediated metal–metal interactions and localized versus delocalized mixed-valence cation states of biferrocene and bis(μ-fulvalenediyl)diiron characterized in the gas phase by valence photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract Gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate metal–metal interactions and the mixed-valence positive ion states of biferrocene and bis(μ-fulvalenediyl)diiron. The spectra of phenylferrocene and 1,1′-diphenylferrocene are used to show that, in comparison to ferrocene, the extension of the ligand π system and the reduced ligand symmetry do not have an appreciable effect on the band profile of the metal-based ionizations. In contrast, the initial ionization bands of both bimetallic molecules, which derive from the metal-based 2 E 2g ionizations of ferrocene, are spread over a wide energy range, indicating delocalization across the two metal halves of the molecule and formal oxidation states of +2 1 / 2 for each metal atom in these cation states. The broadening and splitting of this ionization band for bis(μ-fulvalenediyl)diiron is twice that observed for biferrocene, consistent with a through-bond ligand-mediated mechanism of interaction. Ionizations of the bimetallic molecules that derive from the metal-based 2 A 1g ionizations of ferrocene occur in a single narrow band, indicating that both through-space and through-ligand interactions are not appreciable for the d z 2 -based orbitals. The difference between the metal–metal interactions in these positive ion states follows from the different overlap and energy match of the metal orbitals with fulvalendiyl orbitals of the appropriate symmetry. Most important to the metal–metal interaction in the ground ion state are empty fulvalendiyl orbitals with two nodes perpendicular to the C 5 planes and gerade and ungerade symmetries with respect to the inversion centers of the molecules. In the gas phase, both species are found to be strongly interacting, delocalized mixed-valence compounds in their ground ion states.
Vitamin D Insufficiency in Preadolescent African-American Children

To determine the proportion of vitamin D insufficiency in 6- to 10-year-old preadolescent African-American children residing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and to estimate their therapeutic response to vitamin D 400 IU/day for 1-month, an open-label pre- and post-comparison of vitamin D status following vitamin D 400 IU daily for 1 month during winter and early spring was conducted. Outcomes included serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25 (OH) (2) D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), and markers of bone turnover (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and urine n-telopeptide crosslinked collagen type 1 [NTX]). Dietary intake of vitamin D was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Forty-one of the 42 enrolled subjects (mean age: 8.9 +/- 1.2 yrs [SD]) were analyzed, and 20/41 (49%) were vitamin D insufficient. Vitamin D insufficient group had a suggestive trend of being older (9.2 +/- 1.0 years vs. 8.5 +/- 1.3 years, p = 0.06) and more pubertally advanced (Tanner II: 7/20 vs. Tanner II: 1/21, p = 0.02). Mean dietary intake of vitamin D was 277 ( 146 IU/day (n = 41). Adequate intake for vitamin D (200 IU/day) was not met in 16/41 (39%); however, the dietary intake of vitamin D was not significantly different between the vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D sufficient groups.
The Delayed Impact of Parental Age on Offspring Mortality in Mice

The certitude of death makes reproduction the foundation upon which all life-history strategies are based. Plasticity in the reproductive biology of organisms is an essential adaptive response to the capricious and hazardous environments of earth. In this article, we use data from a breeding colony for laboratory mice to examine the mortality risks of offspring born at the outer boundaries of their Dam's reproductive plasticity. Our results suggest that the mortality/survival charac- teristics of offspring are affected by both litter parity and offspring gender. Females born to young Dams have consis- tently longer life spans than females born to older Dams. Conversely, males are either not affected by parental age or have longer life spans when born to older Dams.
Adhesive Strength of the Insect-Trapping Glue of a Plant (Befaria racemosa)

The buds, abaxial surface of petals, and developing fruit of the ericaceous shrub Befaria racemosa are coated with a viscous adhesive material of unknown chemical nature, in which insects, including such robust species as honey bees and horse flies, may become inescapably trapped in large numbers. Vis a vis insect cuticle, the material has the same adhesive strength as a commercial product (Tanglefoot) marketed specifically for trapping insects. The glue may protect Befaria against herbivores and nectar thieves but may also enable the plant to be a facultative insectivore. We suggest that nitrogenous decay products leaching into the soil from the dead insects trapped by the plant may add organic nutrient to the acid sandy soil in which Befaria characteristically lives.
Effects of the temperature, humidity, and stress on the interlaminar interface of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites, studied by contact electrical resistivity measurement

The interlaminar interface (i.e., the interface between laminae) of continuous carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composites was monitored in real time during dynamic changes in temperature, humidity and stress by measurement of the contact electrical resistivity of the interface. The stress was compressive, in the direction perpendicular to the interlaminar interface. Temperature, humidity and stress were all found to have reversible effects on the resistivity, due to the effect of temperature on the probability of the jump of an electron from one lamina to the adjacent one, and the effects of humidity and stress on the extent of contact between fibers of adjacent laminae. In addition, due to damage, temperature caused the resistivity to increase whereas stress caused the resistivity to decrease.
Polymer containing fluorinated ketone groups. I. DSC and NMR studies of poly(p‐vinyltrifluoroacetophenone) and polymers of similar structure

The unexpected crystallinity of free radically polymerized poly(p-vinyltrifluoroacetophenone) (PVTFA) due to lateral order was previously found in this laboratory. To further the understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and crystalline order in polymers of the PVTFA type, polymers of similar structure were synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These polymers were poly(p-vinyldifluoroacetophenone) (PVDFA), poly(p-vinylphenylheptafluoropropyl ketone) (PVHFK), poly(p-vinylacetophenone) (PVA), and poly(p-vinylphenyltrifluoromethyl carbinol) (PVPTC). Only PVTFA had a crystalline melting temperature (188°C); 220-MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on the microstructure of PVTFA and PVDFA revealed broad peaks for the chain protons. The PVTFA was therefore assumed to be predominantly atactic. The results suggested that the unusual crystallinity of PVTFA was related to the unique size and interaction of the trifluoroacetyl moiety on the polymeric side chain.
Preservice Teachers' Microblogging: Professional Development via Twitter.

Twitter has demonstrated potential to facilitate learning at the university level, and K-12 educators' use of the microblogging service Twitter to facilitate professional development appears to be on the rise. Research on microblogging as a part of teacher education is, however, limited. This paper investigates the use of Twitter by preservice teachers (N� = 20) in a face-to-face undergraduate teacher education course taught by the author. The participants completed student teaching the subsequent semester, after which a survey was conducted to explore whether they had continued to use Twitter for professional purposes and why or why not. In reflections upon the fall semester's experience, preservice teachers noted several benefits to the use of Twitter in the course, including support of resource sharing, communication, and connection with educators both inside and outside of the class. During the spring semester, the majority of participants stopped professional Twitter activity, with many citing a lack of time. Those who continued use in the spring most commonly did so to gather teaching resources. The majority of participants maintained a positive opinion of Twitter's educational potential and indicated intentions to utilize it for professional purposes, including classroom applications, in the future.
Visualization of the Supraglottis in Laryngomalacia With 3-Dimensional Pediatric Endoscopy.

Importance The use of 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopy has been described in the pediatric airway and has been shown to improve visualization of complex airway anatomy. Laryngomalacia is one of the most common airway disorders evaluated in pediatric otolaryngology offices. Whether 3D visualization is superior to standard endoscopy as a means for assessment and surgical management of complex airway anatomy is unclear. Objective To describe a pilot case series using 3D endoscopy to facilitate supraglottoplasty and to assess surgical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective case series was conducted of 11 children undergoing supraglottoplasty from July 1, 2010, to June 31, 2014, at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Infants and children with symptomatic laryngomalacia were eligible for the study. Follow-up was completed on December 31, 2014, and data were assessed from February 1 to 15, 2015. Interventions Supraglottoplasty performed using 3D endoscopy. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome data collected included length of hospital stay and frequency of complications (ie, aspiration, granuloma formation, supraglottic narrowing, revision surgery, tracheostomy, and gastrostomy). Results Eleven children were treated for laryngomalacia with supraglottoplasty (6 boys and 5 girls; mean [SD] age, 29 [85] months). Four of these children (36%) also had grade I subglottic stenosis. The 3D endoscope was judged by all participating senior surgeons to improve visualization of the supraglottic anatomy and to permit more precise tissue removal. No complications occurred after the surgery. Hospital stay was found to be an unreliable indicator owing to multiple comorbidities in many children. Worsening of aspiration occurred in 1 child (9%) who subsequently required gastrostomy tube placement. This child demonstrated progressive neurologic impairment and had severe hypotonia and developmental delay. Another child with subglottic stenosis and subglottic cysts required a tracheostomy owing to severe rhinovirus tracheitis. The remaining 9 children (82%) had good outcomes, with a mean follow-up of 14.7 (range, 12-24) months. Conclusions and Relevance The anatomy of the supraglottis in laryngomalacia is better visualized using 3D techniques. Use of 3D endoscopy may allow for more precise tissue removal. The outcomes and complication rates are similar to those of standard 2D techniques. This study provides a platform to begin comparative analysis between 3D and standard 2D techniques.
Not all stories of professional identity formation are equal: An analysis of formation narratives of highly humanistic physicians.

Abstract Objective We sought to identify and define “highly humanistic” formation narratives, and understand how these events described, together with a reflective learning process, the professional development of physicians in a longitudinal faculty development program. Methods Qualitative analysis of twenty highly humanistic appreciative inquiry narratives selected from a total of 124 written by faculty members at the beginning and end of an eighteen month program at eight medical schools. [9,10] We employed the immersion/crystallization method of Borkan [20] to capture the rich meanings and emotional depth of the twenty narratives. Results Highly humanistic formation narratives described emotionally charged events in which the faculty writers provided humanistic care that went beyond what they had previously thought themselves capable of; benefited the patient, family or faculty member to a major extent; and reaffirmed or strengthened their professional values. Highly humanistic formation narratives were clustered at the end of our eighteen month curriculum. Conclusions Participation in faculty development for humanism may have increased the numbers of highly humanistic events by sensitizing and motivating faculty members to meet their patients’ emotional needs. Practice implications Our paper describes a process whereby faculty members may achieve growth in their capacities to meet patients’ needs.
Comparative Reaction Diagrams for the SN2 Reaction Formulated According to the Leffler Analysis and the Hammond Postulate

The Hammond Postulate and the Leffler analysis have provided a cornerstone in the understanding of reaction processes in organic chemistry for over 60 years, yet quantitative applications of these methodologies over the range of reactions envisaged in the original works remain elusive. In the present paper, we analyze a series of SN2 reactions in three solvents that lead to endothermic and exothermic reaction processes, and we show that within the hybridization reaction coordinate the SN2 reaction is fully consistent with both treatments. We give new presentations of the reaction energies as a function of reaction progress, which allow the generation of unified reaction coordinate diagrams that show a linear relationship between the hybridization metric of reaction progress and the relative energies of the stationary points on the potential surface as a function of structure and solvent as originally envisaged by Leffler and Hammond.
SY16-1CONSTRAINTS AND RESPONSES IN TREATMENT SERVICES FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS IN THE U.K.

The UK has one of the most serious alcohol and addictions problems in Western Europe, but austerity has relatively curbed resources given to treatment. Media and political criticism, that substitute prescribing is costly, demeaning and asocial has been fuelled by headlines on diverted or leaked opiates and opiate-related deaths. Each region has developed a ‘Recovery’ agenda that emphasises (not always exclusively) abstinence. Recovery is found to be associated with social connectedness (particularly with ‘recovery communities’) and new meaning and purpose in life, where ‘giving’ rather than ‘taking’ is the new way of life. These claims are convincing, though are based on observation rather than experimental studies. Nevertheless, when therapists are trained in facilitating the linking of patients with the 12 step groups (AA and NA), randomised controlled trials have shown its effectiveness. But in the UK, addiction professionals are been found to be ignorant, even prejudiced, about the role of such (cost-free) mutual help groups. Medications (and medical staff) to aid recovery are widely regarded as expensive and, by some, as incompatible with ‘recovery’. The recovery movement implies that nudging patients into greater social activity provides a more lasting solution to the social anxiety and hopelessness so often accompanies addictions.
GPS-Assisted EFIS Airspeed Calibration

We describe a method to accurately calibrate indicated airspeed for an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) which records key parameters for offline analysis. The technique is based on estimating airspeed error, heading error, and wind vector. Examples are provided for two popular experimental aircraft EFISs.
What Russell Couldn't Describe

The characteristic property of definite descriptions in natural language is commonly assumed to be their uniqueness requirement, although there is disagreement with respect to how occurrences should be interpreted, for instance with regard to the well-known restriction problem. I offer a novel argument against characterizing definite expressions in terms of uniqueness. If a singular definite description ‘the F’ implies that its denotation is the unique satisfier of ‘F’ (relative to a context) then there are real-life states of affairs that can be described in simple first-order languages, but which we are simply unable to describe accurately in natural language. I argue, first, that there is no way to describe these states of affairs properly without using definite descriptions. Second, if definite descriptions imply uniqueness we will systematically get the wrong truth conditions, regardless of whatever semantic or pragmatic resources the defender of the uniqueness-implying approach invokes. Hence, the R...
Air Monitoring Results in Public Places of Kunshan City in 2009

[Objective]To understand the sanitation status of public places in Kunshan city,improve the sanitation quality of public places.[Methods]According to the Rules of Health Monitoring for Public Places,the public places in Kunshan city were detected.[Results]2449 items-times of environment surveillance in public places were performed in Kunshan city in 2009,the total eligible rate was 99.4%.The eligible rates in hotels,KTV and hairdressing salons were low,which was 99.3%,99.1% and 98.9%,respectively.The eligible rate of inhalable particulate matters,noise and formaldehyde was low,which was 97.4%,98.2% and 98.3%,respectively.[Conclusion]The strength of sanitary supervision in hairdressing salons,hotels and KTV should be enhanced,so as to improve the health level of public places in Kunshan city.
Selective bronchial artery catheterization for diagnostic and physiologic studies and chemotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma.

Summary 1. Selective percutaneous bronchial artery catheterization was attempted in 40 patients known to have pulmonary disease and was successfully performed on 33 patients. Satisfactory bronchial arteriograms were obtained in 29 of these patients and showed that the blood supply to inflammatory disease and bronchogenic carcinomas arises from the bronchial arteries. 2. Pharmacological differentiation of inflammatory from malignant tumors as an aid to radiologic diagnosis was attempted. 3. Bronchogenic carcinoma has been treated in 9 patients with 5-FU or Thio-TEPA by the selective catheterization of the individual bronchial artery that supplied the tumor. Six of these patients had lesions which could be measured after infusion and five of these lesions decreased in size, although 3 patients also received radiotherapy. 4. Except for minimal radiographic signs of pneumonitis, there were no complications or signs of systemic toxicity from the chemotherapy infusion in any of these patients. 5. The functional presence of bronchial-pulmonary artery communications in areas of normal lung in intact, awake humans is believed to have been demonstrated by the transmission of pressure waves and the appearance of an indicator. The possible relationship of bronchial and pulmonary artery wedge pressures and the importance of the bronchial arterial blood supply to reflexogenic areas within the lung are also discussed.
Optimal weight initialization for neural networks

Apart from the learning algorithm, the most basic point to consider before training a neural network is where to start the iterative learning process. This has lead to an analysis of the best possible weight initialization strategies and their effect on the convergence speed of learning [Nguyen, Widrow 89]. We show in this paper that there is a relation between the width of the probability distribution for the weights and the optimal size of the learning step in a neural network. A criterion is provided which allows to calculate the range of weights most appropriate for starting the learning process. It is also shown that different interval sizes are needed for the different layers of weights in a network.
Personal journeys: Teaching teachers to teach literacy

Abstract This study is a description of a teacher research project. The purpose of the project was two‐fold. First, I wanted to use it to help me carefully reflect and examine my own teaching, so that I could move past the “naive” label. Second, I wanted to understand how my instruction impacted my preservice teachers. Results from this teacher research project suggest this reading methods course was effective in adding some strategies to the students’ understandings of reading. Students seemed more willing to add reading strategies in areas where they lacked prior knowledge and experiences, such as fluency and assessment, while demonstrating more reluctance to change in areas familiar to them, such as word identification and comprehension. Results imply a need for educators to do more teacher research at the university level and further research into the role prior knowledge plays in the preservice teachers’ willingness to adapt new instructional strategies.
Innovation and integration at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University

As Dean of Medicine and Biological Sciences for Brown University from 2008-2013, I oversaw a curriculum that reflects the core of what I believe are the essential components of a medical student’s education. This article describes the philosophy and content of that curriculum.[...]
Sparseness constraints on nonnegative tensor decomposition

The Nonnegative Tensor Factorization (NTF) method, has been shown to separate the mixture of several sound sources reasonably well. Based on the sparsity of power spectrogram of signals, we propose to add sparseness constraints to one factor matrix, which contains frequency basis, to obtain a sparse representation of this nonnegative factor. Two methods are presented for the sparse and nonnegative factor matrix. The algorithms are tested to separate the instrument sources from a two channel mixtures containing a clarinet, a piano and a steel drum. Some comparison results of these two NTF-based methods are then presented.
Impact of Parental Presence at Infants' Bedside on Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Despite increased incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) over the past decade, minimal data exist on benefits of parental presence at the bedside on NAS outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between rates of parental presence and NAS outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of infants treated pharmacologically for NAS using a rooming-in model of care. Parental presence was documented every 4 hours with nursing cares. We obtained demographic data for mothers and infants and assessed covariates confounding NAS severity and time spent at the bedside. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS) at the hospital, extent of pharmacotherapy, and mean Finnegan withdrawal score. Multiple linear regression modeling assessed the association of parental presence with outcomes. RESULTS: For the 86 mother–infant dyads, the mean parental presence during scoring was on average 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.8%–60.7%) of the infant’s hospitalization. Maximum (100%) parental presence was associated with a 9 day shorter LOS ( r = –0.31; 95% CI, –0.48 to –0.10; P r = –0.34; 95% CI, –0.52 to –0.15; P r = –0.35; 95% CI, –0.52 to –0.15; P CONCLUSIONS: More parental time spent at the infant9s bedside was associated with decreased NAS severity. This has important implications for clinical practice guidelines for NAS.
Both RAD5-dependent and independent pathways are involved in DNA damage-associated sister chromatid exchange in budding yeast

Sister chromatids are preferred substrates for recombinational repair after cells are exposed to DNA damage. While some agents directly cause double-strand breaks (DSBs), others form DNA base adducts which stall or impede the DNA replication fork. We asked which types of DNA damage can stimulate SCE in budding yeast mutants defective in template switch mechanisms and whether PCNA polyubiquitination functions are required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to potent recombinagens. We measured spontaneous and DNA damage-associated unequal sister chromatid exchange (uSCE) in yeast strains containing two fragments of his3 after exposure to MMS, 4-NQO, UV, X rays, and HO endonuclease-induced DSBs. We determined whether other genes in the pathway for template switching, including UBC13, MMS2, SGS1, and SRS2 were required for DNA damage-associated SCE. RAD5 was required for DNA damage-associated SCE after exposure to UV, MMS, and 4-NQO, but not for spontaneous, X-ray-associated, or HO endonuclease-induced SCE. While UBC13, MMS2, and SGS1 were required for MMS and 4NQO-associated SCE, they were not required for UV-associated SCE. DNA damage-associated recombination between his3 recombination substrates on non-homologous recombination was enhanced in rad5 mutants. These results demonstrate that DNA damaging agents that cause DSBs stimulate SCE by RAD5-independent mechanisms, while several potent agents that generate bulky DNA adducts stimulate SCE by multiple RAD5-dependent mechanisms. We suggest that DSB-associated recombination that occurs in G2 is RAD5-independent.
Self-Stabilizing Leader Election in Dynamic Networks

Two silent self-stabilizing asynchronous distributed algorithms are given for the leader election problem in a dynamic network with unique IDs. A leader is elected for each connected component of the network. A BFS DAG, rooted at the leader, is constructed in each component. The construction takes O(Diam) rounds, where Diam is the maximum diameter of any component. Both algorithms are self-stabilizing, silent, and work under the unfair daemon, but use one unbounded integer variable. Algorithm DLE selects an arbitrary process to be the leader of each component. Algorithm DLEND (Distributed Leader Election No Dithering) has the incumbency property and the no dithering property. If the configuration is legitimate and a topological fault occurs, each component will elect, if possible, an incumbent to be its leader, i.e., a process which was a leader before the fault. Furthermore, during this computation, no process will change its choice of leader more than once.
Desulfurization of Copper-Iron Reduced from Copper Slag

In order to maximize the use of copper slag, a new idea that copper slag is reduced to smelt copper-containing antimicrobial stainless steel was proposed. But copper-iron reduced from copper slag contains a large number of copper matte, making sulfur content high. In this article, desulfurization of copper-iron was studied. The Fact-Sage software was used to calculate ΔG of the desulfurization reaction. Calcium oxide, calcium carbide and ferromanganese were used as desulfurization agent. The results show that desulfurization capacity of calcium oxide is poor, but with addition of carbon, desulfurization effect of calcium oxide will be enhanced. Calcium carbide and ferromanganese have good desulfurization effect.
Realtime Software Defined Self-Interference Cancellation Based on Machine Learning for In-Band Full Duplex Wireless Communications

The key enabling technology to in-band full duplex wireless is the self-interference cancellation. This paper proposes a realtime software defined digital self-interference cancellation based on machine learning. The contributions of this work include: (1) a digital self-cancellation scheme that approaches to the limit of the hardware, and (2) an open software defined cancellation framework that supports the realtime cancellation using machine learning algorithms with synchronized iterative training and prediction. This solution is implemented and evaluated on a software defined radio testbed. It results in performance of 50 dB in digital cancellation, which is close to the hardware limit and significantly outperformed available literature digital cancellation solutions. It also demonstrates stable performance across spectral band.
Improved maze learning through early music exposure in rats

Rats were exposed in utero plus 60 days post-partum to either complex music (Mozart Sonata (k. 448)), minimalist music (a Philip Glass composition), white noise or silence, and were then tested for five days, three trials per day, in a multiple T-maze. By Day 3, the rats exposed to the Mozart work completed the maze more rapidly and with fewer errors than the rats assigned to the other groups. The difference increased in magnitude through Day 5. This suggests that repeated exposure to complex music induces improved spatial-temporal learning in rats, resembling results found in humans. Taken together with studies of enrichment-induced neural plasticity, these results suggest a similar neurophysiological mechanism for the effects of music on spatial learning in rats and humans.
The Future of the GPS Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has undertaken development of a ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) as an enhancement to the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the form of a Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). In conjunction with the Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), LAAS will provide seamless navigational capability within US airspace for precision approach landing guidance and, potentially, for airport surface navigation. LAAS is being developed in two primary phases, first for Category 1 and secondly to reach Category 2 and 3 minimum performance. In addition, complex procedures are being developed to exploit LAAS benefits to maximize the use of critical airspace and runway configurations in all weather conditions.
The capability of organic compounds to swell acrylonitrile butadiene O-rings and their effects on O-ring mechanical properties

Abstract As interest in replacing petroleum-derived aviation fuels with resilient, alternative fuels increases, the ability to derive correlations between the chemical compositions of aviation fuels and their properties and performance becomes more important. In this work, correlations between the exact chemical structures of organic compounds and their ability to increase the volume and decrease the tensile strength of Buna-N o-ring seals were explored. Buna-N o-ring seals are a representative group of essential seals in the hydraulic and pneumatic components of aircraft fuel delivery systems. They are utilized to prevent fuel leakage within the pumps, metering devices, and connectors. To measure the volume swell percent of o-ring seals caused by various organic compounds, a test rig was assembled that suspended o-ring seals in neat Sasol IPK (isoparaffinic kerosene) or in Sasol IPK doped individually with an organic compound at 8% by volume. Of the aromatic compounds tested, ethylbenzene and indane swelled o-ring seals most effectively, with volume swell percent values of 3.1 ± 0.2% and 2.8 ± 0.1%, respectively. In comparison, the approved aviation fuel Jet A/HEFA has volume swell percent value of 2.2 ± 0.2%. Alkylbenzenes with a smaller number of alkyl groups, less branching in the alkyl groups, and shorter alkyl chains caused greater swelling and greater decrease in the tensile strength for o-ring seals. Naphthene-containing aromatic compounds (i.e., indane and tetralin) swelled o-ring seals more effectively than alkylbenzenes with the same number of carbons (i.e., n-propylbenzene and n-butylbenzene). Therefore, steric hindrance seems to have an important impact on the ability of these compounds to swell o-rings. Nonaromatic unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexene, were also found to swell o-ring seals to some extent. On the other hand, saturated hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, contributed to minimum or no swelling. Tensile strengths of intact o-rings were measured using an MTS Insight Electromechanical Testing Instrument. Aromatic compounds that facilitated greater swelling of o-ring seals also caused greater decrease in the tensile strength. For example, ethylbenzene and sec-butylbenzene, with volume swell percent values of 3.1 ± 0.2% and 0.9 ± 0.1%, respectively, reduced the o-ring tensile strength from 15.4 MPa to 13.6 MPa and 14.9 MPa, respectively. Additional experiments demonstrated that volume swell and tensile strength of o-ring seals are reversible properties. Hence, a decrease in tensile strength for o-ring seals does not imply irreversible damage. Overall, the extent of volume swelling and the lowering of tensile strength for o-ring seals was found to depend on the exact chemical structure of the organic compound.
The Hostile Media Phenomenon: Testing the Effect of News Framing on Perceptions of Media Bias

Recent theorizing in hostile media perception (HMP) has focused on the impact of news content on perceptions of media bias. Using a 2 (an outcome frame versus a value frame) × 2 (a societal frame v...
Impact of corrosion on risk assessment of shear-critical and short lap-spliced bridges

Abstract Increasing corrosion in aging reinforced concrete structures is increasing their vulnerability to failures. This is particularly true for bridges with low-ductility columns, including shear-critical columns and columns with short lap splices. This paper presents a methodology to assess the impact of corrosion on performance of these structures. The combined analytical and numerical modeling of shear-critical and lap-spliced columns is detailed, and outcomes are verified with previous experimental test data. Corrosion effects are accounted for through reduction of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement and bond deterioration between the steel and concrete through corrosion-induced cracking. The impact of corrosion on risk is assessed through conducting fragility analyses. Results quantify the increase in failure probabilities of these structures, measured by increasing probabilities of exceeding defined damage states, with increasing levels of corrosion. Corrosion is found to have a larger impact on increasing probabilities of exceeding more severe damage states. Twenty percent mass loss of reinforcement increases the probability of exceeding the complete damage state by up to 49% and 34% for a shear-critical and lap-spliced column, respectively. The effect is more pronounced at intermediate loading intensities, where there is uncertainty about the performance of the structure. Comparing between failure modes, bridges with columns of short lap splice are more vulnerable to collapse under the same degree of corrosion compared with shear-critical columns.
P431 When sick isn’t septic – metabolic crisis presenting in the early neonatal period

Introduction Metabolic crisis in the neonatal period is an infrequently encountered, but potentially devastating presentation of an inborn error of metabolism. Due to the rarity of these disorders, diagnosis may be delayed. Furthermore, presentation may closely mimic neonatal sepsis, a much more frequently encountered condition. We describe the case of a neonate who presented at day nine with non-specific symptoms and signs. Careful evaluation of biochemical abnormalities led to a timely diagnosis of a rare, potentially life threatening metabolic disorder – Argininosuccinic Aciduria. Clinical Case A nine day old female infant presented with three days of poor feeding, lethargy and reduced urine output. Examination identified hypothermia (34.5C), tachypnoea, and a decreased level of consciousness. She was the first child of non-consanguineous Irish parents, with no family history of metabolic disorders. She was delivered at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery to non-consanguinous Irish parents, following an uncomplicated pregnancy. There were no septic risk factors or concerns at discharge on day 3. Blood glucose and inflammatory markers were normal. She was fluid resuscitated and commenced on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Despite treatment, she deteriorated. Venous blood gas showed respiratory alkalosis (pH 7.458, pCO2 3.92, HCO3 20.8, BE -2.4, lactate 1.0) prompting further investigation. Serum ammonia was 562. Retrospective review of investigations identified an unrecordable urea ( Conclusion Argininosuccinic aciduria is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder of urea cycle metabolism caused by deficiency of argininosuccinic lyase. Clinical and biochemical manifestations depend on the severity of enzyme deficiency. In the neonatal variant, it typically presents with hyperammonaemia, encephalopathy and respiratory alkalosis. This case highlights the importance of considering inborn errors of metabolism in the assessment of a sick neonate.
L’hyperémie et l’autorégulation cérébrale altérée chez un patient de chirurgie atteint d’acidocétose diabétique

Objectif Decrire l’hyperemie cerebrale et l ’autoregulation cerebrale alteree documentees par le Doppler transcrânien (DTC) chez un adulte atteint d’acidocetose diabetique (ACD) et de septicemie admis pour une intervention chirurgicale.
Sexually transmitted infections among high-risk populations that use treatment as prevention or pre-exposure prophylaxis: a protocol for a systematic review.

Background Among men who have sex with men, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of HIV by 95%. Based on the documented benefits, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended PrEP as a prevention method for high-risk groups. Moreover, for those HIV-infected individuals, antiretroviral therapy has been shown to serve as both as a treatment and prevention method for HIV. Methods and analysis This systematic review protocol was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Analyses (PRISMA) P framework. Medline (1980–present), Embase (1980–present), CINAHL (1980–present), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.gov will be used to identify relevant articles based on a piloted search strategy. Peer-reviewed observational and experimental studies will be included. A narrative style will be used to describe descriptive data. A meta-analysis will be conducted if heterogeneity is not significant. Ethics and dissemination Recent evidence suggests that there is an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among high-risk persons that use PrEP. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data on the relationship of treatment as prevention and incidence of STIs. The findings of this review will assess this emerging public health phenomenon and serve to inform future public health policy. No formal ethical review is required for this protocol. All findings will be published in a peer reviewed journal. PROTOCOL registration number CRD42019128720.
Desymmetrized hexasubstituted [3]radialene anions as aqueous organic catholytes for redox flow batteries

Negatively substituted trimethylenecyclopropane dianions, a subclass of hexasubstituted [3]radialenes, are candidates for use as active species in redox flow batteries (RFBs) due to their stability in water, reversible electrochemistry, and tailorable synthesis. Hexacyano[3]radialene disodium is investigated as a pH 7 aqueous organic catholyte. The dianion and radical anion are stable in air and aqueous solutions at neutral pH. Systematic introduction of asymmetry via step-wise synthesis leads to enhanced solubility and higher capacity retention during galvanostatic cycling. An aqueous flow cell comprising a diester-tetracyano[3]radialene catholyte, sulfonated-methyl viologen as the anolyte, and a cation exchange membrane provides an operating Vcell = 0.9 V, 99.609% coulombic efficiency, and minimum capacity fade over 50 cycles.
The Role of Rural and Urban Geography and Gender in Community Stigma Around Mental Illness

Empirical evidence describes the negative outcomes people with mental health disorders experience due to societal stigma. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and rural-urban living in perceptions about mental illness. Participants completed the Day's Mental Illness Stigma Scale, a nationally validated instrument for measuring stigma. Directors of Chambers of Commerce in North Dakota distributed the electronic survey to their members. Additionally, distribution occurred through use of social media and other snowball sampling approaches. Analysis of data gathered from 749 participants occurred through examination of the difference in perceptions based on geography and gender. The zip codes of residence were sorted to distinguish between rural and urban participants. Application of weighting measures ensured closer alignment with the general population characteristics. Findings indicate that for the majority of the seven stigma measures the Day's Mental Illness Stigma Scale examines, the coefficient of rural-gender interactions was positive and highly significant with higher levels of stigma in rural areas. Females exhibited lower stigma perceptions than males. However, women living in rural areas held higher degrees of stigma compared to urban residing females. Implications of the study include the need to advance mental health literacy campaigns for males and people residing in rural communities. Additional empirical studies that examine the role of geography and gender in understanding stigma toward people with mental health disorders will result in improved treatment outcomes due to increased and focused educational efforts.
A probabilistic estimation of traffic congestion using Bayesian network

Abstract For ensuring a robust traffic management system, monitoring traffic conditions promptly by estimating the congestion level is crucial. The current measures can only represent the variations of specific standard parameters and do not consider the probabilistic property. In this paper, a Bayesian Network (BN) based probabilistic congestion estimation approach is proposed. The proposed BN-based approach considers both speed and volume-related measures and provides a probabilistic estimation of the probable congestion state. For recurring and nonrecurring congestion, two different BN models were developed and implemented in realtime datasets. The case study results showed that the proposed BN models could quantify the probable congestion level in terms of a probability for each state in a variable, at the presence of different combinations of prior variables’ state. Further, the proposed BN based approach can be employed in the decision-making process that involves the probabilistic estimation of traffic congestion with a vision of the realtime circumstances.
Implementation of an academic hospital medicine procedure service: 5-year experience.

Objectives: Procedural complications are a common source of adverse events in hospitals, especially where bedside procedures are often performed by trainees. Medical procedure services (MPS) have b...
An Investigative Study Into An Autonomous UAS Traffic Management System For Congested Airspace Safety

Currently, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) is the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) vision for air traffic management below 400 feet. Production UTM systems tend to reside only at specialized test sites and operational centers. UTM has been articulated as a concept of operation (ConOps) by the FAA. The UTM ConOps describes a complex interaction between UAS, UAS Operators, and the UTM system itself. These interactions may involve human operators, or be fully automated. Currently, most UTM studies and experimental prototypes do not look at the UTM concept from end-to-end; instead, they focus on specific aspects of UTM and thus cannot explore and test the holistic performance of a UTM ecosystem. Equally important is ensuring that production UTM can scale to meet the demands of future airspace, which is estimated to be 65,000 UAS operations (takeoffs and landings) per hour by 2035. The busiest US airports currently handle 300 operations per hour.In this paper, we evaluate a portion of the UTM system using a set of autonomous algorithms for flight plan de-confliction. Preliminary results suggest that the autonomy algorithms used for path planning, strategic de-confliction, and detect and avoid (DAA) are capable of scaling to high-congestion scenarios while drastically reducing collisions between UAS, even with almost all UAS deviating from de-conflicted plans (i.e., rogue UAS). We also observed that de-confliction algorithms represent a dominating safety layer in the separation hierarchy, since the strategic de-confliction algorithms manage airspace density, albeit at the cost of longer mission completion times. Our testing was done using a MATLAB simulator, which used the RRT* algorithm for flight planning, two different schedulers (Genetic Algorithm and the NASA Stratway Strategic Conflict Resolution algorithm) for strategic de-confliction, and the Airborne Collision Avoidance System for small unmanned aircraft systems (ACAS sXu) for DAA.
Acute Myocardial Infarction: The United States Experience

The United States has performed many clinical cell therapy trials in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has made several important contributions to the field including the early use of allogeneic therapy and the delivery of novel types of cells following successful reperfusion with PCI. The United States was the first country to develop a nationally funded research network to promote the development of cell therapy. The Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) has performed several trials in the setting of AMI that have focused on the timing of cell delivery after reperfusion. A biorepository developed by the CCTRN has become an important national resource for the study of cell phenotype and function.
The Limits of Language in Doing Systems Work

Doing systems work brings us to the limits of language as few human activities do. It uniquely joins the empathetic reading of human motivations, desires, and needs with a creative envisioning of new socio-technical arrangements in hopes of transforming the world. It is at once humble and audacious, finely detailed and grandly epic. Fundamental notions of goodness, truth, and beauty are relied upon in ways that forever challenge our ability to justify.
GIST: a model for design and management of content and interactivity of customer-centric web sites

Customer-centric Web-based systems, such as e-commerce Web sites, or sites that support customer relationship management (CRM) activities, are themselves information systems, but their design and maintenance need to follow vastly different approaches from the traditional systems lifecycle approach. Based on marketing frameworks that are applicable to the online world, and following design science principles, we develop a model to guide the design and the continuous management of such sites. The model makes extensive use of current technologies for tracking the customers and their behaviors, and combines elements of data mining and statistical analyses. A case study based on a financial services Web site is used to provide a preliminary validation and design evaluation of our approach. The case study showed considerable measured improvement in the effectiveness of the company's Web site. In addition, it also highlighted an important benefit of the our approach: the identification of previously unknown or unexpected segments of visitors. This finding can lead to promising new business opportunities.
Using application states in software testing (poster session)

Application states are abstract states of application software characterized only by properties interesting to test designers in a particular situation. Application states can be used in software testing to break down test cases into manageable pieces, generate new test cases, and control the number of test cases in a test suite. They can also help test designers to conceptualize test design.