cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Novel Hydrolyzing Urethane Modified Thiol-Ene Networks

Novel tetra-functional hydrolyzing monomers were prepared from the reaction of TEOS and select alkene-containing alcohols, ethylene glycol vinyl ether or 2-allyloxy ethanol, and combined with trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (tri-thiol) in a thiol-ene “click” polymerization reaction to produce clear, colorless thiol-ene networks using both radiation and thermal-cure techniques. These networks were characterized for various mechanical characteristics, and found to posses Tg’s (DSC), hardness, tack, and thermal stability (TGA) consistent with their molecular structures. A new ene-modified urethane oligomer was prepared based on the aliphatic polyisocyanate Desmodur® N 3600 and added to the thiol-ene hydrolyzable network series in increasing amounts, creating a phase-segregated material having two Tg’s. An increase in water absorption in the ene-modified urethane formulations leading to a simultaneous increase in the rate of hydrolysis was supported by TGA data, film hardness measurements, and an NMR study of closely related networks. This phenomenon was attributed to the additional hydrogen bonding elements and polar functionality brought to the film with the addition of the urethane segment. SEM was utilized for visual analysis of topographical changes in the film’s surface upon hydrolysis and provides support for surface-driven erosion. Coatings prepared in this study are intended for use as hydrolyzing networks for marine coatings to protect against ship fouling.
Exploring Marital Expectations

Marital comparison levels, i.e. the outcomes that a person realistically expects and feels are deserved from a relationship, are often assumed (in the social exchange framework) to be involved in the evaluation of marital outcomes. The present study examines factors influencing such expectations in a sample of 301 married individuals. Expectation levels positively co-vary with the importance attributed to them. In addition, relational commitment emerges as the most powerful co-variate of expectations. Finally, age emerges as a co-variate of expectations for both males and females with relatively older men and relatively younger women having higher expectation levels.
Power spectral analysis of sleep EEG in twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate quantitative sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) frequencies in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. Methods Thirteen pairs of female twins underwent polysomnography. During the first night, they adapted to the sleep laboratory, and during the second night, their baseline sleep was assessed. Visual stage scoring was conducted on sleep electroencephalographic records according to standard criteria, and power spectral analysis was used to quantify delta through beta frequency bands, processed in 6-s blocks. Data were averaged across sleep stage within each twin and coded for sleep stage and the presence or absence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). A completely within-subjects repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance evaluated twin pairs by frequency band by sleep stage interactions and simple effects. The relationship between alpha and delta EEG was also assessed across twin pairs. Results No significant differences in spectral power in any frequency band were found between those with CFS and their nonfatigued cotwins. Phasic alpha activity, coupled with delta was noted in five subjects with CFS but was also present in 4/5 healthy twins, indicating this finding likely reflects genetic influences on the sleep electroencephalogram rather than disease-specific sleep pathology. Conclusions The genetic influences on sleep polysomnography and microarchitecture appear to be stronger than the disease influence of chronic fatigue syndrome, despite greater subjective sleep complaint among the CFS twins. EEG techniques that focus on short duration events or paradigms that probe sleep regulation may provide a better description of sleep abnormalities in CFS.
INACTIVATION OF SEXUAL AGGLUTINATION IN HANSENULA WINGEI AND SACCHAROMYCES KLUYVERI BY DISULFIDE-CLEAVING AGENTS.

Abstract Taylor, Neil W. (Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Ill.). Inactivation of sexual agglutination in Hansenula wingei and Saccharomyces kluyveri by disulfide-cleaving agents. J. Bacteriol. 88:929–936. 1964.—Mating types of both Hansenula wingei and Saccharomyces kluyveri can be activated to produce uniformly strong sexual agglutination by treatments with various solvents, such as 8 m LiBr. The strongly agglutinative mating-type preparations were irreversibly inactivated for sexual agglutination by various chemical treatments. Type 5 of H. wingei was inactivated by disulfide-cleaving reagents, but type 21 of H. wingei was not. Type 3 of S. kluyveri was more sensitive than type 26 of S. kluyveri to inactivation by disulfide-cleaving reagents. Comparison of sensitivities to these and other treatments, plus a moderately strong cross-agglutination between type 3 and type 21, indicated that the sexually agglutinative elements on type 3 are similar to type 5, and those of type 21 are similar to those of type 26. Inactivation-rate experiments showed a loss of agglutinative ability according to a sigmoid decrement with time for both types 5 and 21. The apparent extent of inactivation depended markedly on agglutination test conditions. Results of these experiments were interpreted to indicate tentatively, first, that the agglutinative elements of both types of a species are proteins and, second, that several agglutinating linkages are formed between any two cells in sexual agglutination.
The effect of bulk composition on the solidus of carbonated eclogite from partial melting experiments at 3 GPa

To explore the effect of bulk composition on the solidus of carbonated eclogite, we determined near-solidus phase relations at 3 GPa for four different nominally anhydrous, carbonated eclogites. Starting materials (SLEC1, SLEC2, SLEC3, and SLEC4) were prepared by adding variable proportions and compositions of carbonate to a natural eclogite xenolith (66039B) from Salt Lake crater, Hawaii. Near-solidus partial melts for all bulk compositions are Fe–Na calcio-dolomitic and coexist with garnet + clinopyroxene + ilmenite ± calcio-dolomitic solid solution. The solidus for SLEC1 (Ca#=100 × molar Ca/(Ca + Mg + FeT)=32, 1.63 wt% Na2O, and 5 wt% CO2) is bracketed between 1,050°C and 1,075°C (Dasgupta et al. in Earth Planet Sci Lett 227:73–85, 2004), whereas initial melting for SLEC3 (Ca# 41, 1.4 wt% Na2O, and 4.4 wt% CO2) is between 1,175°C and 1,200°C. The solidus for SLEC2 (Ca# 33, 1.75 wt% Na2O, and 15 wt% CO2) is estimated to be near 1,100°C and the solidus for SLEC3 (Ca# 37, 1.47 wt% Na2O, and 2.2 wt% CO2) is between 1,100°C and 1,125°C. Solidus temperatures increase with increasing Ca# of the bulk, owing to the strong influence of the calcite–magnesite binary solidus-minimum on the solidus of carbonate bearing eclogite. Bulk compositions that produce near-solidus crystalline carbonate closer in composition to the minimum along the CaCO3-MgCO3 join have lower solidus temperatures. Variations in total CO2 have significant effect on the solidus if CO2 is added as CaCO3, but not if CO2 is added as a complex mixture that maintains the cationic ratios of the bulk-rock. Thus, as partial melting experiments necessarily have more CO2 than that likely to be found in natural carbonated eclogites, care must be taken to assure that the compositional shifts associated with excess CO2 do not unduly influence melting behavior. Near-solidus dolomite and calcite solid solutions have higher Ca/(Ca + Mg) than bulk eclogite compositions, owing to Ca–Mg exchange equilibrium between carbonates and silicates. Carbonates in natural mantle eclogite, which have low bulk CO2 concentration, will have Ca/Mg buffered by reactions with silicates. Consequently, experiments with high bulk CO2 may not mimic natural carbonated eclogite phase equilibria unless care is taken to ensure that CO2 enrichment does not result in inappropriate equilibrium carbonate compositions. Compositions of eclogite-derived carbonate melt span the range of natural carbonatites from oceanic and continental settings. Ca#s of carbonatitic partial melts of eclogite vary significantly and overlap those of partial melts of carbonated lherzolite, however, for a constant Ca-content, Mg# of carbonatites derived from eclogitic sources are likely to be lower than the Mg# of those generated from peridotite.
Technology competition policies and the semiconductor industries of Japan and the United States: a fifty-year retrospective

The dramatic changes in the fates of firms and industries involved in the production of semiconductors in the United States and Japan over the past half century have led to a large literature addressing or at least posing a number of questions. Did technology import policies, protectionism, support of research consortia, and the use of other industrial policies help or hurt the development of the Japanese industry? What were the consequences of the apparent technological discontinuities represented by the replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors, of germanium transistors by silicon transistors, of discrete transistors by integrated circuits? Have differences in industrial structure between the United States and Japan had consequences for competitiveness? This paper reviews this literature, and applies hindsight in revisiting these questions.
CFTR in cystic fibrosis and cholera: from membrane transport to clinical practice

We have used a brief analysis of transport via cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTRs) in various organ systems to highlight the importance of basic membrane transport pro...
Bradykinin Stimulates Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Human Vasculature

Bradykinin stimulates tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) release in isolated perfused animal tissues. The present study tests the hypothesis that bradykinin increases tPA release in humans through local effects on the vasculature. Graded doses of sodium nitroprusside (0.8 to 3.2 micrograms/min), acetylcholine (ACh) (7.5 to 60 micrograms/min), and bradykinin (100 to 400 ng/min) were administered intra-arterially in random order in 10 salt-depleted (10 mmol/d of Na) normotensive volunteers. None of the drugs altered mean arterial pressure or heart rate. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. All 3 drugs caused a dose-dependent increase in FBF, although ACh was less potent than either nitroprusside or bradykinin (maximum FBF 7.5+/-2.4 versus 10.0+/-1.5 and 11.9+/-2.1 mL. 100 mL-1. min-1, respectively). Bradykinin caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in venous (effect of dose F=9. 9, P=0.028 by ANOVA), but not arterial (F=0.154, P=0.92) tPA antigen in the infused arm. Thus, net tPA release increased significantly in response to bradykinin (50.6+/-13.3 at the highest dose versus 0. 9+/-0.4 ng. 100 mL-1. min -1 at baseline, P=0.014). In contrast, bradykinin did not affect plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen. Neither nitroprusside nor ACh altered plasma levels of tPA or plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen. Bradykinin increased tPA release across the forearm in the absence of systemic effects. This effect could not be attributed to changes in blood flow because doses of equivalent potency of the vasodilator nitroprusside did not increase tPA. These data demonstrate that bradykinin stimulates tPA release in the human vasculature.
Fluorometric immunocapture assay for the specific measurement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in biological samples: application to brain and plasma from rats with ischemic stroke.

Matrix metalloproteinases are important factors in the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal injury in many neurological disorders. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is up-regulated after cerebral ischemia and neuroinflammation and is actively involved in blood–brain barrier disruption. Current methods of measuring MMP-9 activity, such as gelatin-substrate zymography, are unspecific and arduous. Here we developed an immunocapture assay with high efficiency, specificity, and sensitivity for quantifying endogenously active as well as total MMP-9 activity. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide-based immunocapture assay was developed that enables the accurate assessment of total and active forms of MMP-9 in complex biological samples. The FRET assay demonstrated correct and efficient binding of MMP-9 to a mouse monoclonal MMP-9 antibody and high specificity of the immunocapture antibody for MMP-9. Total and active levels of MMP-9 were measured in rat brain homogenates, plasma, human HT-1080 conditioned media, and RBE4 endothelial cell lysates. The FRET immunocapture assay yielded highly similar results for total MMP-9 activity when compared to gelatin-substrate zymography. We suggest that the new FRET peptide-based immunocapture assay is a viable replacement of zymography for sensitive and high throughput quantification of MMP-9 activity in biological samples.
Immunotherapy of breast cancer

Introduction: Immunotherapy of breast cancer has been shown to prevent recurrence, improve survival and eliminate breast cancer in humans. Areas covered: The reason for this review is to present the current information and the prospects for the future of immunotherapy of breast cancer in humans to include tumor antigens for vaccines and targets for monoclonal antibodies and adoptive T-cell therapy, and immune modulatory agents, such as adjuvants to stimulate the immune response and inhibitors of checkpoint blockade to prevent downmodulation of activated lymphocytes, to enhance these modalities. The research discussed and the literature search undertaken is of the clinical immunotherapy of breast cancer in humans, from 2000 to September, 2011. Expert opinion: The key message of the paper is that one reason for the failure of the immune system to control macroscopic disease is that the immune escape mechanisms involving both tumor and the tumor stroma prevent the immune system from destroying the tumor. Cha...
Computer-Assisted Instruction Improves Clinical Reasoning Skills of Dietetics Students

Abstract Objective The effects of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) tutorial program on learning clinical reasoning skills were compared in undergraduate dietetics students. Design A drill-and-practice program to control for time on task, a tutorial program, and a simulation program, as the test vehicle, were developed. The tutorial and simulation programs presented data on a patient with cardiovascular disease. Setting Subjects were tested in 30 undergraduate dietetics programs. Subjects Participants were 413 undergraduate diet therapy students enrolled in a coordinated program in dietetics (CPD) or a didactic program in dietetics (DPD). Intervention After completion of lectures on cardiovascular disease, subjects were given the drill-and-practice program plus a simulation test (group 1), the tutorial plus a simulation test (group 2), or the simulation test only (group 3). Main outcome measures Scores on the simulation test were compared. Variables included type of CAI, dietetics program, year in school, computer experience, and experience using a medical chart. Mastery of objectives related to lower- and higher-level clinical reasoning skills introduced in the tutorial program was compared. Statistical analysis One-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman Keuls tests were conducted to determine any differences among the three groups. Reliability was determined using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20. Results The reliability coefficient of the simulation test was 0.93. Group 2 scored higher on the simulation test than group 1 or group 3. As a group, the CPD students scored higher than the DPD students. When CPD and DPD students were divided into the three experimental groups, there was no significant difference between the CPD and DPD student simulation scores. Group 2 mastered all objectives for lower-level reasoning skills and the higher-level decision-making objective better than groups 1 and 3. Applications/conclusions A computer tutorial program enhanced clinical reasoning skills in undergraduate dietetics students. This type of program could be used to supplement many topics taught in diet therapy and provide DPD students with experiential learning before their clinical intern practicums. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:868–873 .
Immunolocalization of Na+,K(+)-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the gerbil's vestibular system.

Abstract The distribution of two ion transport enzymes in the vestibular system was investigated immunocytochemically. Immunostaining demonstrated abundant Na + , K + -ATPase in the basolateral plasmalemma of all dark cells and of cuboidal (transitional) cells bordering maculae and planum semilunatum cells bordering cristae. Na + , K + -ATPase was also present in nerve terminals impinging on vestibular hair cells and around nerve fibers and ganglion cells. Na + , K + -ATPase containing cells with fine intertwining processes were found within the perilymphatic stroma beneath maculae and cristae. These cells and interpersed nerves form a distinct, highly cellular plate that lies under neurosensory epithelium selectively. The catalytic α subunit of Na + , K + -ATPase in vestibular epithelia differs antigenically from the α subunit in nerves and from the α subunit in salivary gland and renal epithelium. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme II was localized in the apex of all supporting cells in neurosensory epithelia. In contrast, CA II immunostaining varied in vestibular dark cells showing heterogeneity in ion transport activity among these cells. Immunostaining evidenced CA II also in perilymphatic stromal cells which were presumably fibroblastic in nature and which correspond in location with the Na + , K + -ATPase positive cells under the vestibular neurosensory epithelium.
Synthesis-for-testability of controller-datapath pairs that use gated clocks

A method for high level synthesis-for-testability of controller-datapath pairs that use gated clocks is developed. It uses a register allocation technique that improves the observability of the controller through the datapath, and takes advantage of the unique testability properties of one-hot-encoded controllers. The resulting controller can be fully tested without isolating it from the system. Area, fault coverage, and power consumption are reported for three example circuits.
Reproductive Practices and Results in Dairies Using Owner or Professional Inseminators

Abstract In study 1, information on breeding practices of owner-inseminators in 234 herds of Holstein cattle was obtained by mail survey. Improved timing of insemination during estrus and convenience were reasons dairy farmers gave for performing insemination themselves. Many also used natural service bulls or professional inseminators to breed some cows. Cows in less than half of the herds were observed specifically for estrus at scheduled intervals. Cows were frequently inseminated more than once per estrus; 65% of the inseminations were within 2h of milking. Mean services per conception for cows in 135 herds responding to a second questionnaire were 1.7 and mean calving interval was 12.8 mo. Study 2 involved only herds and associated records in Dairy Herd Improvement. Herds using only professional inseminators were randomly selected to match similar owner-serviced responding and nonresponding tested herds in Study 1. Reproductive efficiency varied greatly among herds with a slight decrease as the size of the herd increased. The 1.70 services per conception achieved by professional technicians was only slightly better than 1.74 services per conception for direct service personnel. Dairy farmers in large herds who did not respond to a special questionnaire handled more cows per worker, had more services per conception, and had a slightly longer calving interval.
Some correlates of the don't-know response in opinion questionnaires.

(1965). Some Correlates of the Don't-Know Response in Opinion Questionnaires. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 139-147.
The fate of internalized α5 integrin is regulated by matrix-capable fibronectin.

Abstract Background Assembly of fibronectin matrices is associated with integrin receptor turnover and is an important determinant of tissue remodeling. Although it is well established that fibronectin is the primary ligand for α5β1 receptor, the relationship between fibronectin matrix assembly and the fate of internalized α5 integrin remains poorly characterized. Materials and methods To evaluate the effect of fibronectin matrix on the fate of internalized α5 integrin, fibronectin-null Chinese hamster ovary and mouse embryo fibroblast cells were used to track the fate of α5 after exposure to exogenous fibronectin. Results In the absence of matrix-capable fibronectin dimer, levels of internalized α5 decreased rapidly over time. This correlated with a decline in total cellular α5 and was associated with the ubiquitination of α5 integrin. In contrast, internalized and total cellular α5 protein levels were maintained when matrix-capable fibronectin was present in the extracellular space. Further, we show that ubiquitination and degradation of internalized α5 integrin in the absence of fibronectin require the presence of two specific lysine residues in the α5 cytoplasmic tail. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that α5 integrin turnover is dependent on fibronectin matrix assembly, where the absence of matrix-capable fibronectin in the extracellular space targets the internalized receptor for rapid degradation. These findings have important implications for understanding tissue-remodeling processes found in wound repair and tumor invasion.
Adapting the Advanced Cardiac Life Support for the Experienced Provider (ACLS-EP) course for emergency care education in Rwanda : educational material

The Advanced Cardiac Life Support for the Experienced Provider (ACLS-EP) course uses a case-based curriculum to teach emergency resuscitation principles to experienced health care professionals. This article describes the adaptation of the ACLS-EP curriculum to be used in a family medicine training programme in Rwanda, including lessons learned and recommendations for future use of this material for emergency care education in the African setting.
Evidence that free radicals result in reperfusion injury in heart muscle.

Recently, with the advent of thrombolytic therapy and emergency angioplasty for acute infarction interest in reperfusion injury has intensified. The question is whether all myocardial necrosis is reflective of the duration and severity of ischemia or whether there are cells which are alive at the end of the period of ischemia and undergo necrosis as a result of events that occur during or after reperfusion. These comments are entirely limited to three specific issues free-radical- induced reperfusion injury. Our group came into this area of free radical injury to heart muscle subsequent to the early studies of Drs. McCord1, Luchessi2 and Hearse3 and their colleagues. Therefore, we had the opportunity to focus our attention to three specific issues that we viewed as pivotal: (1) Are mechanisms that have been proposed to produce free radicals at the moment of reperfusion supported by direct measured oxygen based free radicals? (2) Does superoxide dismutase (SOD) administered as a therapeutic agent into the perfusate have any directly measurable effect on the presumed burst of oxygen free radicals on reperfusion. There has been considerable doubt as to whether SOD in the perfusate can reduce injurious, possibly intracellularly generated radicals?
Behavioral Responses of the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Extracts of Elm Bark

A bioassay was developed to investigate the feeding behavior of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) on extracts of elm bark. An apparatus was designed to give test beetles a choice between an extract or control station. Aqueous and benzene extracts of elm bark stopped the locomotory activity of randomly wandering beetles on contact, and by this criterion of behavior were defined as arrestants. Because they also stimulated beetles to feed they were called feeding stimulants. The highest response usually occurred in the first hour of exposure to the bark extracts. Subsequent exposure evoked decreasing responses. These two behavior patterns were explained in terms of a concept of falling and rising thresholds of response to chemical stimuli from the active extracts. Leaf extracts were biologically inert, as were those from current growth collected early in the growing season. The most active extracts were derived from the bark of second- to fourth-year growth. Most of the feeding in the field occurs on twigs within this range of growth. Beetles responded to feeding stations containing as little as 0.1 mg. extract in 99.9 mg. starch but no correlation between concentration and intensity of response was demonstrated. Moisture played an important role in the insects' response. In the absence of chemical stimuli from active extracts, beetles with a low water threshold responded to moisture. Responses to inert materials such as powdered cellulose, cellucotton, and leaf residues were attributable to moisture. Some of the chemical fractions from elm bark evoked intense positive responses; others produced negative effects.
Sex differences in hemodynamic and sympathetic neural firing patterns during orthostatic challenge in humans.

Recent evidence suggests that young men and women may have different strategies for regulating arterial blood pressure, and the purpose of the present study was to determine if sex differences exis...
Acoustically Induced Shock Oscillations in a Low-Boom Inlet

Experimental unsteady centerbody surface pressures measured in a low-boom inlet have been analyzed and compared with an unsteady computational flow approach. The experimental dataset was gathered at the 8×6 ft supersonic wind tunnel at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center in 2010. The axisymmetric external compression inlet considered herein featured a relaxed isentropic centerbody compression spike followed by a short subsonic diffuser to the aerodynamic interface plane. The axisymmetric inlet computational domain comprised a 10 deg sector, starting with the freestream inflow region, and included both the internal flowpath up to the mass flow plug and the external flow past the sharp-edged cowl for external flow. The selected inlet test conditions were based on a 1.67 freestream Mach number at a zero angle of attack with a near-design spillage rate of approximately 4%. Both experiments and simulations revealed temporal shifts between pressure peaks at different streamwise locations, indicating upstrea...
Simultaneous determination of hydroxyeicosanoid (HETE) binding to cells and its cellular metabolism

In order to study the mechanism(s) through which certain biologically active lipids, such as the hydroxyeicosanoids (HETEs), exert their effects, it is necessary to distinguish between binding of these lipids to cells and their cellular metabolism. A novel and simple method is described for the simultaneous determination of [3H]15-hydroxyeicosanoid (15-HETE) binding to cells and cellular [3H]15-HETE metabolism. The method involves initial separation of radiolabeled cells by filtration, filter extraction of cellular lipids by methanol, and thin-layer chromatography (or high performance liquid chromatography) determination of both nonesterified 15-HETE bound to cells and 15-HETE incorporation into cellular phospholipids. The method was applied to both PT-18 mast/basophil cells and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells and should be applicable to other cells as well as other metabolizable hydroxy fatty acids or lipids.
Design and implementation of simulation platform for CAN network management based on OSEK

To enhance the security and reliability of CAN network that is a vehicle bus,satisfy the requirement which increasing Vehicle electronic control units(ECU) demand to the safety of network.The feasibility of the mechanism and implementation mechanism is discussed in depth,then the OSEK/VDX direct NM(OSEK/VDX direct network management) is introduced into CAN network.Based on the features of the mechanism of CAN network communication and the direct NM,the CAN network module and direct NM module are extended in NS2.Furthermore,these two parts are combined effectively.The experiment proves that the OSEK/VDX direct NM system can go to steady in the CAN network immediately,then guarantees the CAN network in security and reliability.
Comparative Analysis of Imaging on Dual-energy CT Boneless and Digital Cerebra-vascular Subtraction Angiography

Objective To probe the advantages and characteristics of imaging on dual-energy CT boneless and digital sub- traction brain angiography through comparative analysis. Methods Siemens 64-slice dual-source spiral CT and double high pressure syringe; The 200 patients were randomly divided into dual-energy group(n=100) and DSACT group(n=100); Every patient was injected 50 ml contrast medium and 50ml normal saline, injection rate was 4ml/s. Results The groups of cere- bra-vascular imaging without interference, and completely boneless; but experimental group has more boneless defects and vascular surface definition less. The cerebral arteries were interfered by the venous shadow in dual-energy group, and the dual-energy group received low-dose radiation. Conclusion The DSACT imaging quality is superior to dual-energy CT boneless imaging. The radiation dose of the dual -energy CT is lower than DSACT.
Investigation of Disease Tomato Leaves by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Correlation Analysis

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and correlation analysis were used to identify normal and three kinds of disease tomato leaves.The results show the main components of them are protein,polysaccharide and aliphatic compound.spectra of four kinds of leaves are similar,only in the range of 1 750~700 cm-1,the location, the shape and absorbance ration of absorbance peaks have somewhat varying, the absorbance ratios A1 102 cm-1/ A1 636 cm-1are 0.727、0.515、0.591 and 0.719 in the samples of normal leaves,leaf mold, late blight and sooty blotch leaves are 0.330 、0.233、0.327 and 0.302,respectively,which suggest that the diseased leaves have a higher protein content and a lower polysaccharide content than normal leaves.In order to enhance the spectral resolution,the second-derivative spectra were selected for evaluating the correlation,the obvious difference of the correlation coefficients were observed in two ranges of 1 750~1 500 cm-1and 1 200~900 cm-1for all the four samples,which indicates that the structure or relative amount of chemical composition have been infected by disease.
APPLICATION OF TRANSABDOMINAL PNEUMOPERITONEUM IN SEX-ENDOCRINE PROBLEMS OF CHILDREN.

Early diagnosis of sex-endocrine disorders is important in order to plan effective management. When detailed physical examination and laboratory studies have proved to be inconclusive, transabdomin...
pH regulation in barnacle muscle fibers: dependence on intracellular and extracellular pH

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation was studied in acid-loaded barnacle muscle fibers by monitoring recovery of pHi with a pH-sensitive microelectrode. By multiplying the rate of pHi recovery by tota...
Strategic Nuclear Weapons after START

The Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) negotiations, which have been under way since 1982, have resulted in the United States and the Soviet Union agreeing on major issues regarding the final form of a START treaty. In the START negotiations some kinds of strategic weapons, such as bombs and cruise missiles, are not fully counted or are outside the count so that the total of strategic warheads will be substantially higher than 6,000. Thus, a bomber carrying only gravity bombs and short-range missiles will count as one warhead, even though it may carry as many as twenty weapons. A U.S. bomber carrying long-range cruise missiles will be considered to carry ten warheads even though it will carry up to twenty missiles. Sea-launched cruise missiles (SLCMs) will be outside the total of 6,000, and SLCMs with ranges over 600 kilometers will be subject to a politically binding limit of 880.
Visualizing Shape Deformations with Variation of Geometric Spectrum

This paper presents a novel approach based on spectral geometry to quantify and visualize non-isometric deformations of 3D surfaces by mapping two manifolds. The proposed method can determine multi-scale, non-isometric deformations through the variation of Laplace-Beltrami spectrum of two shapes. Given two triangle meshes, the spectra can be varied from one to another with a scale function defined on each vertex. The variation is expressed as a linear interpolation of eigenvalues of the two shapes. In each iteration step, a quadratic programming problem is constructed, based on our derived spectrum variation theorem and smoothness energy constraint, to compute the spectrum variation. The derivation of the scale function is the solution of such a problem. Therefore, the final scale function can be solved by integral of the derivation from each step, which, in turn, quantitatively describes non-isometric deformations between two shapes. To evaluate the method, we conduct extensive experiments on synthetic and real data. We employ real epilepsy patient imaging data to quantify the shape variation between the left and right hippocampi in epileptic brains. In addition, we use longitudinal Alzheimer data to compare the shape deformation of diseased and healthy hippocampus. In order to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, we also compare it with spatial registration-based methods, e.g., non-rigid Iterative Closest Point (ICP) and voxel-based method. These experiments demonstrate the advantages of our method.
Meteorological anomalies lead to elevated O3 in the western U.S. in June 2015

In winter through early summer of 2014–2015, temperatures in the western U.S. were substantially enhanced due to a persistent high-pressure ridge and warm water in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Concurrently, monthly averaged maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 in June 2015 was enhanced by 3–13 ppb across a large portion of the western U.S. At the Mount Bachelor Observatory (2.8 km above sea level) in central Oregon, O3 in June 2015 was enhanced by 11 ppbv compared to the long-term mean. Some urban areas had many days in June 2015 with MDA8 values above the current air quality threshold of 70 ppbv. We show that the high O3 was associated with enhanced temperatures, reduced cloud fraction, increased stagnation, and increased biogenic emissions. The data in June 2015 show enhanced ΔO3/Δtemperature slopes at several sites, compared to previous June data, due to these multiple factors.
Mild and selective α-fluorination of carbonyl compounds (ketones, 1,3-diketones, β-ketoesters, α-nitroketones, and β-ketonitriles) with Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4) in imidazolium ILs [BMIM/PF6 or BMIM/NTf2] with Brønsted-acidic IL [PMIM(SO3H)/OTf] as promoter

Abstract Structurally diverse ketones, 1,3-diketones, and β-ketoesters, were selectively monofluorinated with Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF4) (1 equiv) in [BMIM][PF6] as solvent and [PMIM(SO3H)][OTf] as promoter under mild conditions. In selected cases, the monofluorinated products were transformed to the gem-difluoro derivatives by employing an additional equivalent of Selectfluor, and gem-difluoro-derivatives were synthesized directly from the substrates by employing 2 equiv of Selectfluor. The method was extended to monofluorination of representative α-nitroketones and β-ketonitriles using [BMIM][NTf2] without the need for promoters. The described method offers the added advantage of recycling and reuse of the IL solvent. Download : Download high-res image (90KB) Download : Download full-size image
The Impact of Choice on Exercise Motivation and Physical Activity in College Students

Background : While research suggests that college courses contribute to significant health benefits, there is limited research on the effectiveness of these courses in increasing motivation and lifetime PA habits of college students. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of choice in a conceptually-based college health and wellness course on exercise motivation and physical activity of undergraduate students. Method: Participants included undergraduate students (N = 81) enrolled in a health and wellness course at a four-year liberal arts university located in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Quantitative data from the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire and the Leisure Time in Exercise Questionnaire were collected over three time points from two groups (choice and non-choice). Qualitative data from semistructured interviews with course instructors (N = 4) and open-ended questions were also collected. Results: There was a significant increase in intrinsic regulation F (2, 158) = 10.13, p = .00, η p 2 =.114; identified regulation F (2, 158) = 7.35, p = .001, η p 2 = .085; introjected regulation F (2, 158) = 6.61, p = .002, η p 2 = .077; and PA F (2, 158) = 5.63, p = .004, η p 2 = .067 over time. No significant differences were found between groups. Conclusion: While there was no significant difference between instruction type, instructors and participants suggested that choice was the preferred method for adult learners.
Parasylvian or Operculo-Insular Pain at the Onset of Stroke (P02.042)

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of parasylvian or operculo-insular pain at the onset of stroke. BACKGROUND: Parasylvian or operculo-insular pain has been described as a distinct central pain syndrome in the literature. These patients usually have central pain with dissociated thermoalgesic sensory loss on the contralateral side of the stroke in parasylvian or operculoinsular region. The central pain or dysesthesia with this syndrome is usually seen during recovery from the stroke. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report in a university hospital setting. RESULTS: 51 year old female with past medical history of coronary artery disease, and hypothyroidism, comes in with sudden onset burning sensation, and numbness in left hand. She has also started dropping things from left hand. On exam, she has sensory deficit in the anatomic snuffbox and volar aspect of the hand and of the 1-2 fingers in the left hand. She also has weakness of flexors and extensors of the 2-3 fingers and complains of dysesthetic sensations in the whole left hand. Neurological examination otherwise is unremarkeable. She was then admitted to the stroke unit and MRI brain showed an acute non-hemorrhagic infarct in the right parasylvian region with hyperintensity on DWI, and hypointensity on ADC sequence. Over the course of her stay, she had improvement in strength in the left hand. CONCLUSIONS: As mentioned above, dysesthesia has been described in cases of parasylvian or operculo-insular infarcts during recovery from stroke, but we present a case where dysesthesia is the presenting symptoms itself. Recognizing such a possibility can help in guiding initial investigations. Supported by: Garcia-Larrea L, Perchet C, Creac9h C, et al. Operculo-insular pain (parasylvian pain): a distinct central pain syndrome. Brain 2010 Sep;133(9):2528-39. Disclosure: Dr. Kavi has nothing to disclose.
Nonlinear numerical evaluation of large open-top aboveground steel welded liquid storage tanks excited by seismic loads

Abstract A numerical study is conducted using finite element models of large, circular, cylindrical, aboveground, steel, open-top, liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal seismic forces. Nonlinearities of both material properties and geometry deformations are included. Soil-structure interactions are implemented into the finite element models by using a series of elastic springs representing a stiff soil foundation. Hydrodynamic hoop stresses, elephant’s foot buckling, and uplift are measured for tanks with height to radius ratios, or aspect ratios, between 0.4 and 2.0. The finite element models are compared to the provisions of API 650 Annex E, with special attention to the anchorage ratio, J. The results show that, while the finite element models are much more complex than the theoretical and empirical equations provided in API 650, the total hoop and axial compressive stresses are comparable. Furthermore, the anchorage ratio limits set by API 650 seem to be in good agreement with the finite element models in terms of uplifting behavior.
Culture Process and the Interpretation of Radiocarbon Data

Over the last decade, archaeologists have turned to large radiocarbon (14C) data sets to infer prehistoric population size and change. An outstanding question concerns just how direct of an estimate 14C dates are for human populations. In this paper we propose that 14C dates are a better estimate of energy consumption, rather than an unmediated, proportional estimate of population size. We use a parametric model to describe the relationship between population size, economic complexity and energy consumption in human societies, and then parametrize the model using data from modern contexts. Our results suggest that energy consumption scales sub-linearly with population size, which means that the analysis of a large 14C time-series has the potential to misestimate rates of population change and absolute population size. Energy consumption is also an exponential function of economic complexity. Thus, the 14C record could change semi-independent of population as complexity grows or declines. Scaling models are an important tool for stimulating future research to tease apart the different effects of population and social complexity on energy consumption, and explain variation in the forms of 14C date time-series in different regions.
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice:

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a multivariate statistical method that has become a fundamental tool in the development and validation of psychological theories and measurements. However, rese...
Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention : a new paradigm for a new century

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was introduced in 1977, to treat single, discrete lesions in patients with stable symptoms, and favorable anatomy. Increased operator experience and numerous technical advances, notably including bare-metal stents (BMS) and then drug-eluting stents (DES), and a number of adjunctive pharmacologic modalities, have allowed for the gradual application of PCI to far more diverse clinical and anatomic subsets. The proper role of PCI, compared with both medical therapy and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, is evolving. This manuscript is synthesized from literature review of randomized clinical trials, and some cohort investigations, and 21 years of PCI experience, which has been focused on high-risk patients. Current American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association/ Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interven-tions (ACC/AHA/ SCAI coupled with the PCI versus thrombolytics trials in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non-STEMI strategy trials, both of which include revascularization almost exclusively by PCI, make this conventional paradigm, outdated and counterproductive. Attempts to compare CABG and PCI have de-emphasized their very different advantages and disadvantages. The new paradigm makes major division of patients based upon whether patients have stable or unstable: a) ischemia and b) hemodynamics, and c) whether they are having acute myocardial infarction (MI). The first issue to be settled is whether the patient is likely to benefit from revascularization. If little or no benefit can be envisioned, the patient should be managed medically. Unstable ischemia and unstable hemodynamics, and acute MI, all favor emergent or urgent revascularization. Clinical features, which generally favor PCI for revascularization, include hemodynamic instability, STEMI and non-STEMI; and severe comorbidity, particularly cerebral, pulmonary, or hepatic comorbidity. Anatomic features, which generally favor CABG, include unprotected left main stenosis, especially involving the bifurcation, one or more graftable chronic total occlusions (CTO), and bifurcation disease with large important side-branches. Old age and severely reduced left ventricular function are associated with higher risks, with either CABG or PCI. Small caliber and diffusely diseased vessels may imply lower expectation of success, by either CABG or PCI.
Introduction to Organic Semiconductors Using Accessible Undergraduate Chemistry Concepts

Organic semiconductors (OSCs) are making great progress as active components in alternative energy and flexible electronics technologies that are of interest to many undergraduates. However, in materials governed by the confluence of multiple length scales (molecular (Angstrom), intermolecular (nm), domain (100s nm)), providing a pedagogically accessible pathway to incorporating OSCs into undergraduate education can be difficult. Here, we provide a multiscale description of OSCs that relies only on concepts covered in typical undergraduate chemistry and chemical engineering curricula: a tight-binding description of molecular orbitals using Huckel theory, the miscibility of intermolecular domains using thermodynamic principles based on the Ising spin model, the incorporation of thermal disorder of both the electronic and molecular states using the Boltzmann distribution, and a simple description of charge percolation using low-level graph theory. We illustrate these topics on a small organic molecule, 1,3,...
Using the Subject as His Own Referent in Assessing Day-to-Day Changes of Laboratory Test Results

Clinical chemistry can be defined as that part of the health services which has as its goals the measuring of analytes in body fluids and tissues of subjects and the interpretation of these measurements to assess the health status of human subjects. To accomplish these objectives, the clinical chemist must relate the laboratory results obtained on a subject to an appropriate reference.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery. Its application to post surgical stenosis.

The successful dilation of postsurgical concentric stenosis of an internal carotid artery using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is reported here. Only one such case has been previously documented. Review of the literature disclosed 16 patients who received transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of carotid arteries by percutaneous or open arteriotomy techniques. The authors feel that PTA may be the treatment of choice for postoperative concentric stenosis of a short segment of the carotid artery as opposed to surgical repair.
Financial well-being and physical health related quality of life among persons incarcerated in jail

ABSTRACTThe current study aimed to describe financial well-being and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a convenience sample of incarcerated persons attenuated by gender and minorit...
Soft tissue sarcomas

The incidence of local recurrence after wide local excision and radiation of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) ranges from 5 to 20%. Approximately 80% of these relapses will occur in the absence of metastatic disease. The optimal management of locally recurrent STS must be individualized and depends on prior therapy, the location of the recurrence, and the feasibility of conservative surgery. Following retreatment, the likelihood of ultimate local control ranges from 37 to 100% and is a reflection of well-known risk factors for de novo sarcomas such as the number of prior recurrences, high grade, positive margins, deep location, and non-extremity tumor site. Approaches for retreatment include wide local reexcision followed by a variety of radiation techniques, each with the potential for severe side effects. For select patients, repeat irradiation may be unnecessary.
Leadership for the Social Climate

Leadership for the Social Climate Our ability to implement the necessary responses to adapt to or mitigate climate and ecologic change, endure its consequences, and turn ambitious policy into resul...