cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF CAPSID PROTEINS FROM INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS VIRUS (IPNV) IN THE MARINE BACTERIUM VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM

V. anguillarum is a marine fish pathogen with serotype O1 strains comprising the major disease-causing serotype (Crosa et al., 1980). Two components of a high-affinity iron uptake system encoded by the virulence plasmid pJM1 are the secreted siderophore, anguibactin, and the outer membrane protein receptor for iron-siderophore complexes, OM2. Because formalin-inactivated serotype O1 strains are used commercially as vaccines for the prevention of vibriosis in salmonids, we explored the use of V. anguillarum as an expression host for protective epitopes of the major capsid protein VP2 from infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). IPNV causes primarily a disease of salmonid fry, but survivors become life-long carriers and serve as reservoirs of future infection (Dobos & Roberts, 1983). Segment A of the bisegmented dsRNA IPNV genome is 2.9 kb and is translated from a single open reading frame into a polyprotein which is subsequently cleaved into three proteins, VP2, NS and VP3 (Huang et al., 1986). The major capsid protein of the virus, VP2 (59 kDa), contains most of the neutralization epitopes (Caswell-Reno et al., 1986). NS is the non-structural polyprotein protease and VP3 is a minor structural protein. We show here that IPNV cDNA in a translational fusion with V. anguillarum DNA results in production of IPNV and OM2 hybrid proteins expressed in V. anguillarum.
Microfluidics-based side view flow chamber reveals tether-to-sling transition in rolling neutrophils

Neutrophils rolling at high shear stress (above 6 dyn/cm2) form tethers in the rear and slings in the front. Here, we developed a novel photo-lithographically fabricated, silicone(PDMS)-based side-view flow chamber to dynamically visualize tether and sling formation. Fluorescently membrane-labeled mouse neutrophils rolled on P-selectin substrate at 10 dyn/cm2. Most rolling cells formed 5 tethers that were 2–30 μm long. Breaking of a single tether caused a reproducible forward microjump of the cell, showing that the tether was load-bearing. About 15% of all tether-breaking events resulted in slings. The tether-to-sling transition was fast (<100 ms) with no visible material extending above the rolling cell, suggesting a very low bending modulus of the tether. The sling downstream of the rolling cell aligned according to the streamlines before landing on the flow chamber. These new observations explain how slings form from tethers and provide insight into their biomechanical properties.
From the Knight’s Tale to The Two Noble Kinsmen: Rethinking race, class and whiteness in romance

Chaucer’s Knight’s Tale replicates crusade romance’s construction of white skin as a marker of class and racial identity. Ypolita and Emelye are similar to the fair Saracen princesses of crusade romances; these racialized enemies are converted into wives who can reproduce a race of white aristocrats. Drawing from its Chaucerian source, Shakespeare and Fletcher’s The Two Noble Kinsmen uses the integration of the Amazon into Athens to suggest that white skin is proof of not-yet-realized racial sameness. At the same time, the play tests the limits of white skin as a marker of racial sameness and class affiliation. Although the play upholds the connection romances produce between race and class, it undermines the power of white skin to create this connection. The Two Noble Kinsmen instead uses images of Africanness to link race and class, suggesting that Africanness is better able than white skin to mark racial and class identity.
IPDRM 2016 Keynote

Summary form only given. Approximate computing has recently received a great deal of attention from a range of researchers including circuit designers, hardware architects, and programming language designers. This talk discusses some of the recent trends in approximate computing and then argues that really approximation is something that application developers have been doing all along. So, perhaps the biggest insight in the current trend in approximation is that by exposing the things applications developers approximate to the rest of the computer system, there is the opportunity to do even more. We then investigate one of those things that is possible when the computer system can coordinate with an approximate application. Specifically, we discuss JouleGuard: a framework that coordinates approximate applications with system resource usage to meet user-defined energy goals with control theoretic formal guarantees. We show results of using JouleGuard on three different platforms (a mobile, tablet, and server) with eight different approximate applications created from two different frameworks. We find that JouleGuard respects energy budgets, provides near optimal accuracy, adapts to phases in application workload, and provides better outcomes than application approximation or system resource adaptation alone. JouleGuard is general with respect to the applications and systems it controls, making it a suitable runtime for a number of approximate computing frameworks.
Asexual Reproduction or Apomixis

Reproduction is asexual (apomictic) when it occurs without recombination. Apomixis (Greek apo = without, mixis = mingling) is the general term for it. The simplest case is found in unicellular plants and animals where there is doubling of cytoplasmic contents and replication of genetic material followed by division of the cell into two parts. Most reproduction in bacteria, blue-green algae, unicellular algae, and protozoa takes place in this way. These organisms may form resistant cells with dense cytoplasm replete with food reserves and with heavy protective cell wall. These cells permit the species to endure unfavorable conditions and frequently effect dispersal. Multicellular plants may also reproduce by single cells that have been formed by mitotic divisions (mitospores). Sometimes they are flagellated and actively disperse. Sometimes they are resistant structures. Flagellated mitospores occur only in plants that inhabit rivers, ponds, lakes, ocean, watery surface-films, or the watery medium of a host in which they live. Many algae and algal-like fungi (Phycomycetes) have flagellated mitospores. Those fungi completely adapted to terrestrial existence—higher Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes—produce nonflagellated mitospores that are passively dispersed in air. These spores are frequently cleaved off at the tips of hyphae and are called by specialized names depending on the group in question. In Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti these are the conidiospores.
Research Techniques Made Simple: The Application of CRISPR-Cas9 and Genome Editing in Investigative Dermatology

Designer nucleases have gained widespread attention for their ability to precisely modify genomic DNA in a programmable manner. These genome-editing nucleases make double-stranded breaks at specified loci, and desired changes can be made to modify, ablate, or excise target genes. This technology has been used widely to develop human disease models in laboratory animals and to study gene functions by silencing, activating, or modifying them. Furthermore, the recent discovery of a bacterially derived programmable nuclease termed clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has revolutionized the field because of its versatility and wide applicability. In this article, we discuss various modalities used to achieve genome editing with an emphasis on CRISPR-Cas9. We discuss genome-editing strategies to either repair or ablate target genes, with emphasis on their applications for investigating dermatological diseases. Additionally, we highlight preclinical studies showing the potential of genome editing as a therapy for congenital blistering diseases and as an antimicrobial agent, and we discuss limitations and future directions of this technology.
The 68040 on-chip memory subsystem

The Motorola 68040 is a third-generation, high-performance, full 32-b microprocessor. The caches, memory-management units (MMUs), and autonomous controllers for the caches and external bus that comprise the memory subsystem are described. The 68040's memory subsystem supports the performance of the integer and floating-point units by using autonomous internal cache/MMU controllers in a Harvard architecture. Physical caches of 4 kB each for instruction and data are provided. The data cache operates in copyback or write-through mode on a per-page basis. Combined with each cache is a separate address translation cache of 64 entries and two transparent translation registers that operate in parallel with the cache to provide complete memory management in a virtual, demand-page environment. The memory subsystem is designed to provide the majority of the required memory bandwidth for the internal caches. The 68040 has two MMUs: one for instruction logical-to-physical address translation and one for data address translation. High performance is possible owing in part to the high level of concurrency available in the memory subsystem. >
Biogeography and management of native western shrubs: a case study, Section Tridentatae of Artemisia

Biogeographical considerations are important in the management of western shrublands. Seedings on rangelands have a higher probability of success when tried and tested principles are followed. It is usually best to seed mixtures that include adapted shrubs and herbs. Shrubs generally are well adapted to the environmental extremes of western ranges. Throughout the year, they provide nutrients for herbivores that are only seasonably available in herbs. Section Tridentatae of Artemisia is endemic to western North America and distinct from the analogous Eurasian section (or subgenus) Seriphidium. The groups have separate, distinguishable centers of diversity; the two groups seem to be connected in the geologic past by way of the more primitive subgenus Artemisia. Preliminary karyotypic evidence suggests different but advanced karyotypes for both groups; chemotaxonomic and morphological data indicate differences in the groups. The Tridentatae likely evolved in North America during late Tertiary or early Quaternary times under the stimulus of cycles of aridity. The Tridentatae (sagebrushes) are morphologically variable. Different accessions are differentially adapted. Management practices for various taxa should take into consideration the individual taxon's characteristics. Effort should be made to seed adapted taxa and accessions. Sagebrush management requires maintenance, seeding, or thinning, depending upon the circumstances.
Catalysis With Organometallics

This section of Inorganic Chemistry explores the exciting and interesting concept of catalysis. “Catalysis” is a chemical reaction facilitated by a “catalyst” that physically brings two chemicals together and maximizes the chance of the reaction. In a sense the catalyst acts as a negotiator or a matchmaker. Catalysis is a highly multidisciplinary subject that covers important areas from materials chemistry to bio- and pharmaceutical chemistry to environmental science. This section considers several types of catalysts and their role in the chemical reaction. In addition, this chapter introduces the important concepts of “oxidative addition”, “reductive elimination”, and “insertion” reactions. It also deals with the challenging activation and functionalization of the main classes of hydrocarbons and with the industrially crucial heterogeneous catalysis.
Space-time modulations of phononic crystals (Conference Presentation)

When a set of resonators is attached to a master structure, a bandgap opens in the vicinity of the resonance frequency. Then, using piezoelectric circuitry for instance, the spring constant coupling the resonators to the structure can be tuned thus allowing to actively control the resonance frequency and subsequently the position of the bandgap. In this study, we investigate the consequences of dynamically changing the resonance frequency of a resonant metamaterial on its dispersion diagram. In particular, the resonance frequency is modulated periodically in space and in time at a uniform speed in a wave-like fashion and at low frequencies of the same order of magnitude of the resonance frequency itself. A two-scale asymptotic homogenization approach shows that the modulated resonant metamaterial effectively behave as another resonant metamaterial with a different set of resonance frequencies. Changing the modulation speed reveals interesting effective dynamics whereby the bandgaps of the original metamaterial split, move, condense and merge to form new band structures. The results are illustrated and exemplified through the analytical study of a onedimensional elastic medium coupled with a continuous distribution of spring-mass oscillators resonating at low frequencies. The conclusions point towards possible applications in breaking time-reversal symmetry, active wave control and filtering.
Synthesis of NiTi microtubes via the Kirkendall effect during interdiffusion of Ti-coated Ni wires

Abstract An additive alloying method is developed to fabricate NiTi microtubes, consisting of two steps: (i) depositing a Ti-rich coating onto ductile, pure Ni wires (50 μm in diameter) via pack cementation, resulting in a Ni core coated with concentric NiTi2, NiTi and Ni3Ti shells, and (ii) homogenizing the coated wires to near equiatomic NiTi composition via interdiffusion between core and shells, while concomitantly creating Kirkendall pores. Because of the spatial confinement and radial symmetry of the interdiffusing core/shell structure, the Kirkendall pores coalesce near the center of the wire and form a continuous longitudinal channel, thus creating a microtube. To study the evolution of Ni-Ti phases and Kirkendall pores during homogenization, coated wires were subjected to ex situ homogenization followed by (i) metallography and (ii) X-ray tomographic imaging. Near equiatomic NiTi was obtained upon homogenization at 925 °C for 4 h with compositional fluctuations between 49 and 53 at.% Ni consistent with slight variations in initial coating thickness. Kirkendall pores initially formed near the NiTi/Ni3Ti and Ni3Ti/Ni interfaces and eventually merged into a continuous channel with an aspect ratio of at least 75.
Blue is the Warmest Color: or the after-life of ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’

In the early years of feminist film studies, it was difficult to write anything that did not cite Laura Mulvey’s famous manifesto, ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema.’ In those days (mid and lat...
Kantian Ethics, Well-Being, and Disability

Jessica Flanigan defends a broadly Kantian approach to disability and disability rights that also emphasizes the importance of considering disabled people’s experiences. Flanigan begins with the claim that it is a mistake to define disabilities with reference to a theory of well-being because whether a person has the physical conditions associated with disability is a separate question from whether it is bad to have those conditions. She then makes the case whatever the relationship between physical disability and well-being, physical ability status as such should rarely influence how people treat each other or the kinds of people that are created. Throughout, Flanigan emphasizes the importance of deferring to people’s testimony about how they experience physical disability rather than settling questions about disability rights and procreative ethics based on theoretical assumptions about the relationship between physical disability and well-being.
A Paradigm Shift: Considerations in Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening

Background: Testing to determine the health of a fetus has undergone multiple iterations since the widespread adoption of amniocentesis in the 1970s, including several combinations of ultrasound and/or maternal serum screening. The clinical paradigm for prenatal screening for fetal chromosome aneuploidies was transformed by the introduction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening or noninvasive prenatal screening in 2011. Content: The clinical performance of cfDNA screening is well-established for the most common autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies with a detection rate exceeding 90% for all aneuploidies. One of the most significant advantages of cfDNA screening relative to maternal serum screening is the markedly reduced false-positive rate, which is Summary: cfDNA prenatal screening for whole chromosome aneuploidies has become routine in high-risk obstetric populations. There is tremendous interest in expanding cfDNA screening to the general obstetric population. Early studies suggest that routine application of cfDNA screening is both feasible and effective, although significant economic and quality control considerations remain.
One Question, Two Answers: Rabbinic Responsa as Legal Advocacy in the Medieval Islamic World

Jewish law has long faced the problem of individual litigants seeking multiple answers to a single halakhic question in order to select what they found to be the most favorable ruling. In this article, I examine the role that forum shopping for legal opinions played in the Jewish community of the medieval Islamic world. Individuals often made recourse to multiple juristic authorities, whether those authorities were leaders serving the geonic academies of Babylonia and the land of Israel or local jurists. I discuss some of the strategies the geonim and local jurists used to reduce competition between judicial rulings and how local judges utilized the various responsa composed on their behalf by these authorities or presented to them by litigants to bolster their case before the Jewish court. In so doing, I aim to refine our understanding of the social and legal role of rabbinic responsa in the medieval Islamic world by suggesting that this literature served as expert testimony to support one side or the other in a particular case rather than as the definitive record of the court’s ruling in that case.
The Physical Basis Behind Achondroplasia, the Most Common Form of Human Dwarfism

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase which plays an important role in long bone development. The Gly380Arg mutation in FGFR3 transmembrane domain has been linked to achondroplasia, the most common form of human dwarfism. However, the exact mechanism underlying the pathology is under debate. One hypothesis is that the mutation stabilizes the active FGFR3 dimer in the plasma membrane. To test this hypothesis, here we measure the activation of wild type and mutant FGFR3 in mammalian cells, and analyze the activation using a physical-chemical model accounting for dimerization, ligand binding and phosphorylation probabilities. Our results demonstrate that the achondroplasia mutation does not increase the dimerization propensity of FGFR3. Instead, the data suggest that the mutation induces a structural change in the unliganded dimer. We propose that this structural change is a cause for pathogenesis in achondroplasia.
Show Me The Money: Examining Institutional-Based Financial Aid for Baccalaureate Degree–Seeking Students at Rural Community Colleges

ABSTRACTIn light of the increasing number of rural community colleges offering their own baccalaureate programs, the goal of this paper was to examine if and to what extent rural baccalaureate degree-granting community colleges have institutionalized financial aid programs/resources for baccalaureate degree-seeking students. Findings reveal that while some colleges have made concerted efforts to reduce financial barriers for their students by developing institutional scholarships, others have not. Taken together, this study contributes to the limited literature on both the community college baccalaureate and college access for rural community college students. We hope this initial work will help set the stage for a more in-depth study surrounding baccalaureate degree-granting community colleges and financial aid.
Considerations for OS V over Linux-based virtual machines

The focus of this research work is to explore the operational considerations of using a lightweight operating system (OSV) over standard Linux-based operating systems for virtualization. We focus on three aspects: a review of published literature in regards to performance; a comparison of virtualization footprint for a common application (Apache Tomcat), and an analysis of the possible security advantages. The results provide a rationale as to when lightweight operating systems may be advantageous for virtualization.
Anarchism and Marxism in the Russian Revolution

The intellectual history of the debate between Anarchism and Marxism has its own fascination as a story of two elaborate idea systems in perpetual and inevitable conflict. Yet they seem to share the same theory of the state. Bakunin brought Machiavelli into the discussion and advanced, along with Jan Waclaw Machajski, a critique of Social Democracy as the ideology of the Intelligentsia. Both these impulses found their way into the Marxism of the Bolsheviks. The two great idea systems both endorsed the Paris Commune and for a time the revolutions of 1917. A neglected dimension in historical studies is the attitudes of the two ideologies toward the great states and the balance of power. Marxism pinned its hopes on the rise of Germany, Anarchism on the defence of France, the land of the great revolution. The war of 1914 changed all the valences, with the two ideologies pitted against all the great states. Ironically, Anarchism can be seen as playing a role in saving Russia for its later struggle against fascism.
The Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway

The molecular details of early steps in ethylene signal transduction are becoming firmly established. Many key components have been identified through the study of mutations that affect a broad range of ethylene responses in the plant. Members of the ETR gene family can cause dominant ethylene insensitivity when mutated [1]. Loss of function mutations in EIN2 and EIN3 also result in ethylene insensitivity in the plant; while loss of function mutations in the CTR1 gene leads to constitutive activation of ethylene response pathways [2]. Genetic epistasis analysis indicated that the CTR1 protein acts between the ETR receptors and EIN2 and EIN3 in the signal transduction chain. The genes responsible for these all of these mutant phenotypes have been cloned by a variety of techniques and the derived amino acid sequences have provided important clues as to the biochemical functions of the gene products [3]. The ETR family shows homology to the two-component histidine-kinase receptors common in bacteria. CTR1 shows homology to eukaryotic serine/threonine protein kinases that initiate MAP kinase cascades in eukaryotes. EIN2 is related to a family of metal transporters found in eukaryotes while EIN3 represents a family of transcription factors found only in plants. These components of ethylene signaling and their evolutionary relationships are depicted in Figure 1.
The Petawatt Laser System and Targeting Performance

We recently demonstrated the production of 1.25 PW of peak power in the Nova/Petawatt Laser Facility, generating > 600 J in < 450 fs. Results of the first focused irradiance tests, at 500 J and deployment of a novel targeting system will be presented.
The Sources of Anti-Muslim Prejudice in Poland:

Using data from a nationally representative survey of Poles, the principal question I examine is whether anti-Muslim prejudice in Poland primarily stems from negative stereotypes of Muslims, a gene...
Muggles Practicing Magic: A Digital Ethnography of Harry Potter and the Sacred Text Podcast

It is not uncommon for non-religious people to be drawn to some aspects of religion. There are many diferent religions with followings that are based on fction, both movies and novels. According to Wolfe (2015), a few of these include: Jediism, based on the Star Wars trilogies, Dudeism, based on The Big Lebowski, and The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, who refer to themselves as Pastafarians. The Pastafarians are known to have fought for religious rights to be able to practice their religion as freely as those of any other religion. This is an example of a group of people who are interested in an aspect of religion outside of any “God” a religion might be centered around. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Seeing “RED” to Serve Students: An Example of Advocacy for Counseling Services for Refugee and Immigrant Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent a U.S. newcomer school for adolescent English language learners lacked adequate mental health services for immigrant students. School counseling professionals at this school sought data to advocate for additional mental health professionals without asking inappropriately invasive questions about family legal immigration status. Leveraging the expertise of school administrators, refugee resettlement experts, and university researchers yielded a creative method for collecting student demographic information without violating student privacy. Looking specifically at refugee students from high-conflict backgrounds (the “refugees likely to have experienced distress” or “RED” variable) allowed researchers to pinpoint psychosocial acculturation differences in comparison with other immigrant students. A survey of students revealed differences in reported attitudes toward school and perceptions of discrimination among refugees from high-conflict backgrounds compared to other immigrants and refugees from lower-conflict backgrounds. Findings also supported the notion that immigrant students were likely to have experienced trauma prior to enrolling in this school. Results of this engaged scholarship allowed the resident school counselor to advocate effectively for a full-time mental health counselor position for newly arrived secondary students.
Neurodegeneration exposes firing rate dependent effects on oscillation dynamics in computational neural networks

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurodegeneration in the injured circuitry, either through primary structural damage to the neuron or secondary effects that disrupt key cellular processes. Moreover, traumatic injuries can preferentially impact subpopulations of neurons, but the functional network effects of these targeted degeneration profiles remain unclear. Although isolating the consequences of complex injury dynamics and long-term recovery of the circuit can be difficult to control experimentally, computational networks can be a powerful tool to analyze the consequences of injury. Here, we use the Izhikevich spiking neuron model to create networks representative of cortical tissue. After an initial settling period with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), networks developed rhythmic oscillations similar to those seen in vivo. As neurons were sequentially removed from the network, population activity rate and oscillation dynamics were significantly reduced. In a successive period of network restructuring with STDP, network activity levels were returned to baseline for some injury levels and oscillation dynamics significantly improved. We next explored the role that specific neurons have in the creation and termination of oscillation dynamics. We determined that oscillations initiate from activation of low firing rate neurons with limited structural inputs. To terminate oscillations, high activity excitatory neurons with strong input connectivity activate downstream inhibitory circuitry. Finally, we confirm the excitatory neuron population role through targeted neurodegeneration. These results suggest targeted neurodegeneration can play a key role in the oscillation dynamics after injury. Author Summary In this study, we study the impact of neuronal degeneration – a process that commonly occurs after traumatic injury and neurodegenerative disease – on the neuronal dynamics in a cortical network. We create computational models of neural networks and include spike timing plasticity to alter the synaptic strength among connections as networks remodel after simulated injury. We find that spike-timing dependent plasticity helps recover the neural dynamics of an injured microcircuit, but it frequently cannot recover the original oscillation dynamics in an uninjured network. In addition, we find that selectively injuring excitatory neurons with the highest firing rate reduced the neuronal oscillations in a circuit much more than either random deletion or the removing neurons with the lowest firing rate. In all, these data suggest (a) plasticity reduces the consequences of neurodegeneration and (b) losing the most active neurons in the network has the most adverse effect on neural oscillations.
2020 Mark Coventry Award: Microorganism-directed oral antibiotics reduce the rate of failure due to further infection after two-stage revision hip or knee arthroplasty for chronic infection: a multicentre randomized controlled trial at a minimum of two years

Aims The aim of this study was to determine if a three-month course of microorganism-directed oral antibiotics reduces the rate of failure due to further infection following two-stage revision for ...
Personal Responsibility and Work Ethic

All four teachers explained that their career academies focus on both college prep and career readiness, meaning they seek to prepare their students to both enter college and enter the workforce after graduating from high school. Each teacher maintains a daily routine centered around completing daily or weekly assigned hands-on activities that reinforce preparedness and professionalism. Students describe their courses as rigorous and struggle to keep pace, particularly with daily, self-guided activities used by most of the teachers. When asked, “What do you think will help you achieve your goals?” the overwhelming majority of students said “hard work,” “work ethic,” “focus,” or “effort.” Students credit the courses with teaching them to overcome laziness and develop a strong internal drive to succeed.
Static Risk-Based Group Testing Schemes Under Imperfectly Observable Risk

Testing multiple subjects within a group, with a single test applied to the group (i.e., group testing), is an important tool for classifying populations as positive or negative for a specific bina...
Aging As A Defense Strategy Against Parasites

The teleology of aging has been one of the more vexing and controversial question in biology. While the prevailing view of aging as a non-programmed, degenerative process has been challenged by recent discovery of genes that appear to influence the rate of aging and of interventions such as parabiosis and microbiome transfers that appear to reverse some features of aging, a convincing explanation for why programmed senescence might be evolutionarily favored has been lacking. Here we describe stochastic simulations of host and parasite populations with senescence as an independent variable. The results show that populations with more rapid senescence bear lower parasite loads and oscillate more quickly through alternate phenotypes with differential resistance against parasites. We conclude that programmed aging and death may promote host evasion of parasites in an evolutionary arms race against parasites.
Art History and Its Publics: Weighing the Pedagogical and Research Benefits of Community Engagement

Drawn from five years of experience teaching community-engaged art history, this essay examines the pedagogical and research potential of this practice. Specifically, it considers student perceptions of the real-world application of their learning in the form of deliverable outcomes. By applying standard art history course content, like formal analysis, to the needs of the public, students learn that their work has value in the marketplace of knowledge. For faculty, such work expands the visibility and perceived value of their courses, having an impact on how courses are perceived within institutions, by students and parents, and in the eyes of a larger public audience. This essay also addresses research as a key component of community engagement, highlighting how scholars and institutions should assess this work more holistically as research and service, not merely pedagogy.
A Gain-Reconfigurable and Frequency-Beam-Steerable Additively Manufactured Antenna

Due to the exponential growth of small satellite technology, novel shapes for antennas have been explored to make them low-cost, lightweight, compact, and easy to deploy. The use of frequency beam-scan antennas reduces the complexity of the small satellite front-end by avoiding the need to use phase shifters, especially when a reliable inter-satellite link (ISL) is required to keep up the communication and the formation accurately in a CubeSat swarm mission. This paper reports the design and a manufacturing process focused on in-space manufacturing (ISM) of a fully 3D-printed leaky-wave antenna, using ULTEM 9085 for aerospace applications. The antenna shows frequency beam steering capabilities from 4.4 GHz to 7.4 GHz, and a gain reconfigurable by angular rotation of the ground planes. The resulting antenna shows a measured peak gain of 10.07 dBi at 6.5 GHz, with a gain reconfigurability, as function of the elevation angle of the ground planes, in the range of 0 to 40°, providing an additional gain from 0 to 2 dBi, respectively.
Abstract P165: Hypertension, Dietary And Exercise Habits In Pregnancy - A Case Control Study

Background: Hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy is increasing in the United States and is implicated in nearly 40% of maternal deaths. While national guidelines recommend the Dietary Approaches to Stop...
A bienzymatic amperometric glucose biosensor based on using a novel recombinant Mn peroxidase from corn and glucose oxidase with a Nafion membrane

Abstract Using a recombinant enzyme derived from corn and a simple modification, we fabricated a facile, fast, and cost-beneficial novel biosensor to measure glucose. The Nafion/Plant Produced Mn Peroxidase (PPMP)–glucose oxidase (GOx)–Bovine serum albumin (BSA)/Au electrode showed an excellent amperometric response to detect glucose. This biosensor is capable of responding to a wide range of glucose, 20.0 µM–15.0 mM, and has a lower detection limit (LOD) of 2.9 µM. The reproducibility response using six electrodes is also very substantial and indicates high capability of this biosensor to detect glucose concentrations. Selectivity of this electrode was investigated in an optimized experimental solution containing 10% diet green tea with citrus containing ascorbic acid (AA), and citric acid (CA) in a wide concentration of glucose at 0.02–14.0 mM with an LOD of 3.1 µM. We also applied linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and this technique shows a wide range of glucose detection. The performance and strength of this novel enzyme biosensor were the simplicity, wide linear ranges, sensitivities, selectivity, and low limits of detection. We expect that the modified biosensor has the potential for monitoring various biofluids.
Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Disorders Among Youth Subsequently Diagnosed With Opioid Use Disorder or Opioid Poisoning.

Purpose This study examined receipt of services for mental health conditions and non-opioid substance use disorders (SUDs) among privately insured adolescents and young adults (ie, youth) with subsequent clinically diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD) or opioid poisoning. Methods Among individuals aged 12 to 25 years (N = 4926), healthcare service utilization claims for the 2 years before a newly clinically diagnosed OUD or opioid poisoning were assessed for mental health and nonopioid SUD service visits. Results Over half (60.6%) of the youth with clinically diagnosed OUD or opioid poisoning received mental health or nonopioid SUD services in the 2 years before the opioid poisoning or OUD diagnosis. Conclusion Many adolescents and young adults with clinically diagnosed OUD or opioid poisoning interacted with the healthcare system to receive services for mental health conditions and nonopioid SUDs before the OUD or opioid poisoning being diagnosed. Opportunities exist to design better intervention strategies to prevent OUD or opioid poisoning among adolescents and young adults.
Similarity and Compatibility in Fuzzy Set Theory: Assessment and Applications

Assessing the degree to which two objects, an object and a query, or two concepts are similar or compatible is a fundamental component of human reasoning and consequently is critical in the development of automated diagnosis, classification, information retrieval and decision systems. The assessment of similarity has played an important role in such diverse disciplines such as taxonomy, psychology, and the social sciences. Each discipline has proposed methods for quantifying similarity judgments suitable for its particular applications. This book presents a unified approach to quantifying similarity and compatibility within the framework of fuzzy set theory and examines the primary importance of these concepts in approximate reasoning. Examples of the application of similarity measures in various areas including expert systems, information retrieval, and intelligent database systems are provided.
A new approach for synthesizing opacity-enforcing supervisors for partially-observed discrete-event systems

Opacity is a confidentiality property for partially-observed discrete-event systems relevant to the analysis of security and privacy in cyber and cyber-physical systems. It captures the plausible deniability of the system's “secret” in the presence of an outside observer that is potentially malicious. In this paper, we consider the enforcement of opacity on systems modeled by finite-state automata. We assume that the given system is not opaque and the objective is to restrict its behavior by supervisory control in order to enforce opacity of its secret. We consider the general setting of supervisory control under partial observations where the controllable events need not all be observable. Our approach for the synthesis of an opacity enforcing supervisor is based on the construction of a new transition system that we call the “All Inclusive Controller for Opacity” (or AIC-O). The AIC-O is a finite bipartite transition system that embeds in its transition structure all valid opacity enforcing supervisors. We present an algorithm for the construction of the AIC-O and discuss its properties. We then develop a synthesis algorithm, based on the AIC-O, that constructs a “maximally permissive” opacity-enforcing supervisor. Our approach generalizes previous approaches in the literature for opacity enforcement by supervisory control.
William L. Baker: Fire ecology in Rocky Mountain landscapes [book review]

Every so often, we need something to make us question our beliefs and views of the natural order of things, to open our minds to different versions of reality so that we become better informed and open to new avenues of thought. The author comes across as slightly antagonistic in his attempt to set the record straight concerning fires in the Rocky Mountains.
Optimal Hedging of Funding Liquidity Risk

The management of a liquid asset portfolio that can be used to generate counterbalancing capacity in liquidity distress is quickly emerging as a core function in banks. The new Basel III liquidity risk regulation underscores the importance in banks managing a liquidity contingency buffer. The focus is on maintaining a high quality liquidity portfolio that can efficiently hedge liquidity outflows under stress scenarios. That is, to generate sufficient counterbalancing capacity. Since holding standby counterbalancing capacity has an opportunity cost the firm would like to hold the minimum cost portfolio that suffice for hedging out the negative flows. While the simplest way to build a liquidity portfolio is to hold affluent cash at hand this is not optimal for a profit seeking institution. In general, high liquidity assets, such as cash, are most costly to hold but are less costly in terms of execution cost when needed to create liquidity. In this paper we propose two, typically complementary, methods of finding the optimal liquidity hedging portfolio that can generate enough counterbalancing capacity with a high probability. The first method is through acquiring more assets that can generate future cash flows that can complement the potential net cash outflows. This method can be referred to as hedging with contractual cash flows that naturally complement the term structure of liquidity. The method can also be used when the strategy for executing the liquidity hedging portfolio is pre-determined. The second approach to liquidity hedging is to leverage dynamic counterbalancing capacity through use of credit facilities, asset sales and repo agreements in order to generate liquidity at the exact time when net contractual cash flows cannot balance by itself. The main contribution of this paper is to establish a sound quantitative liquidity hedging framework that unifies and makes possible applying the two liquidity hedging approaches consistently in practice.
Initial events in bacterial transcription initiation.

Transcription initiation is a highly regulated step of gene expression. Here, we discuss the series of large conformational changes set in motion by initial specific binding of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) to promoter DNA and their relevance for regulation. Bending and wrapping of the upstream duplex facilitates bending of the downstream duplex into the active site cleft, nucleating opening of 13 bp in the cleft. The rate-determining opening step, driven by binding free energy, forms an unstable open complex, probably with the template strand in the active site. At some promoters, this initial open complex is greatly stabilized by rearrangements of the discriminator region between the −10 element and +1 base of the nontemplate strand and of mobile in-cleft and downstream elements of RNAP. The rate of open complex formation is regulated by effects on the rapidly-reversible steps preceding DNA opening, while open complex lifetime is regulated by effects on the stabilization of the initial open complex. Intrinsic DNA opening-closing appears less regulated. This noncovalent mechanism and its regulation exhibit many analogies to mechanisms of enzyme catalysis.
The association between anxiety and psychopathy dimensions in children

Although several theoretical models posit that low levels of anxiety are a risk factor for psychopathy and antisocial behavior, a number of studies have reported elevated levels of anxiety among antisocial individuals. Nevertheless, most investigators in this literature have not distinguished between fearfulness and trait anxiety or attempted to separate the antisocial lifestyle dimension from the callous and unemotional dimension of psychopathy. In a study of clinically referred children (N = 143), we found that (a) measures of trait anxiety and fearlessness (low fearfulness) exhibited low correlations; (b) conduct problems tended to be positively correlated with trait anxiety, whereas callous and unemotional traits tended to be negatively correlated with trait anxiety; and (c) controlling statistically for the effects of one dimension increased the divergent correlations of the other dimension with both trait anxiety and fearful inhibition. These findings bear potentially important implications for the diagnosis and etiology of psychopathy and antisocial behavior and suggest that distinctions between trait anxiety and fearful inhibition, as well as between the two dimensions of psychopathy, may help to clarify longstanding confusion in this literature.
Cycles of Poverty and Crime in America's Inner Cities, by Lewis D. Solomon

In this slim volume, Lewis Solomon, Professor of Law at George Washington University, recycles the 1960s Culture of Poverty arguments for the 21st century with an emphasis on Black, urban males. He...
Improved PET lesion-detection performance using 2mm pixels

Positron emission tomography (PET) images are typically reconstructed with an in-plane pixel size of ∼4mm for cancer imaging. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of smaller pixels for the task of detecting focal warm lesions in a noisy structured background. Experimental phantom data from the Utah PET Lesion Detection Database was used, modeling whole-body oncologic FDG PET imaging of a ∼92kg patient. The data comprised 24 scans over 4 days on a Biograph mCT TOF PET/CT scanner, with up to 23 lesions (diam. 6–16mm) distributed throughout the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis each day. Images were reconstructed with 2.036mm and 4.073mm pixels using ordered-subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) both with and without point spread function (PSF) modeling and time-of-flight (TOF). Detection performance was assessed using the channelized non-prewhitened (CNPW) numerical observer with localization receiver operating characteristic (LROC) analysis. The observer was first used to optimize the number of iterations and smoothing filter for each case. Tumor localization performance and the area under the LROC curve (A LROC ) were then analyzed as functions of pixel size. In all cases, the images with ∼2mm pixels (A LROC = 0.59[OSEM], 0.60[PSF], 0.65[TOF] and 0.66[PSF+TOF]) provided higher detection performance than those with ∼4mm pixels (A LROC = 0.56, 0.57, 0.61 and 0.63, respectively). The degree of improvement from using ∼2mm pixels was larger than that from PSF modeling for these data, and provided roughly half the benefit of using TOF. Notably, all three effects cumulatively improved performance, and PSF+TOF reconstruction with 2mm pixels offered the best performance. This study suggests that a significant improvement in lesion-detection performance for general oncologic PET imaging can be attained by using smaller pixel sizes than current typical practice. The primary drawback is a ∼4× increase in reconstruction time and data storage requirements.
Nucleon resonance studies in phenomenological analysis of the CLAS data on double charged pion photo and electroproduction

First comprehensive data on the evolution of nucleon resonance photocouplings with photon virtuality Q2 are presented for excited proton states in the mass range from 1.4 to 2.0 GeV.
Agriculture based energy for rural household income and well-being: East African experience

Abstract This paper discusses biogas production in East Africa and the implications to household income and sustainable development. A household model that links livestock, biogas and crop production is analyzed. A base model was compared with three scenarios with an increase in crop yield from the use of bioslurry. The results demonstrated that investing in biogas plants only for energy replacement would not give farmers positive benefits at the current interest rates. The combined effects of lower interest and increases in yield could encourage farmers׳ investments in biogas plants that could lead to increases in household income and food security and reduction in deforestation in the region.
Effects of Histamine Receptor Antagonists on Ion Transport by Isolated Ileum of the Rabbit

In contrast to gastric mucosa, little is known about the effects of histamine on small intestinal mucosa. This study examines some of the effects of histamine and its antagonists on ion transport by isolated ileal mucosa. Histamine causes a transient increase in short-circuit current which is blocked by H 1 , but not by H 2 receptor antagonists. H 1 receptor antagonists cause a marked decrease in short-circuit current which is not associated with a significant change in net Na and Cl transport. Since H 1 receptor antagonists reduce the residual ion flux to a negligible value, the effects of histamine antagonists on alkali secretion were measured. Isolated ileal mucosa of the rabbit has two components of alkali secretion. The major component requires HCO 3 on the serosal side of the mucosa, whereas the minor component originates from the mucosa itself. H 1 receptor antagonists inhibit both components of alkali secretion. The effects of H 2 receptor antagonists appear to be qualitatively similar to H 1 receptor antagonists, but the effects of H 2 receptor antagonists are transient. Assuming specificity of histamine receptor antagonists in the concentrations used, the data suggest that "tissue stores" of histamine in the ileum may play a fundamental role in regulating alkali secretion, which is inhibited by antihistamines of the H 1 type.