cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Academic Attainment in Children With Sickle Cell Disease

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) on academic attainment; the relation between academic attainment and achievement in SCD; and determinants of attainment in SCD. METHODS Children with SCD and demographically matched peers were compared on academic attainment. Hematocrit, illness frequency, cognitive ability, and socioeconomic status were used to model the predictors of attainment problems. RESULTS Attainment problems were more frequent in children with SCD (> or =31% vs. 14%). A significant number of children showed difficulties with only attainment or academic achievement. Cognitive ability was a strong predictor of both academic outcome measures. Illness-related school absences predicted academic attainment but not achievement. CONCLUSIONS Academic attainment is affected by SCD. Tests of academic achievement are meaningful predictors of functional impairments for children with SCD; however, school outcomes are best evaluated with both achievement and attainment measures.
A simple, objective analysis scheme for scatterometer data

A simple economical objective analysis scheme is devised and tested on real scatterometer data. It is designed to treat dense data such as those of the Seasat A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) for individual or multiple passes, and preserves subsynoptic scale features. Errors are evaluated with the aid of sampling ('bootstrap') statistical methods. In addition, sensitivity tests have been performed which establish qualitative confidence in calculated fields of divergence and vorticity. The SASS wind algorithm could be improved; however, the data at this point are limited by instrument errors rather than analysis errors. The analysis error is typically negligible in comparison with the instrument error, but amounts to 30 percent of the instrument error in areas of strong wind shear. The scheme is very economical, and thus suitable for large volumes of dense data such as SASS data.
A low-cost, high-yield intelligent decision support system for Navy contract termination processing

This paper describes a contract termination processing model developed for the US Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP). CONTERM serves as an intelligent decision support system for processing contracts recommended as termination candidates. The system employs a benefit-cost model formula, derived from domain experts, to evaluate prospective supply contract termination actions. It emulates expert decision behavior typical of competent contract administrators in this domain. System features are provided for documentation of the evaluation, processing, collection of data for subsequent analysis, and merging and reporting collective statistics from operation. Because of its low unit costs of development and its potential for rapid fanout into operational use in scores of Navy contracting sites, it may be a paradigm for other high yield --- low cost models.
Repeated exposure and handling effects on the escape response of fence lizards to encounters with invasive fire ants

Understanding the factors that influence escape responses can provide important insight into processes that permit coexistence between species. I tested whether learning shapes the expression and timing of escape behaviour of native lizards to invasive fire ants. Fence lizards survive encounters with fire ants by body twitching to remove stinging ants and fleeing the source of attack. I found that adult lizards from invaded sites body-twitched more frequently and fled sooner than did lizards from uninvaded sites, minimizing their exposure to envenomation. Juveniles' small size makes them more vulnerable to fire ants, and they fled rapidly from encounters, irrespective of their site of origin. A higher percentage of adult lizards body-twitched and fled, and they fled sooner, with repeated exposure to fire ants over 4 days, and lizards that had been repeatedly exposed to fire ants fled sooner than did control-conditioned lizards. These results suggest that adult lizards may learn to flee more rapidly after repeated encounters with fire ants. However, the percentage of lizards that performed this behaviour appeared to be driven by aspects of the testing procedure other than the presence of fire ants, as the percentage of lizards that fled or body-twitched in response to fire ants was not affected by prior fire ant conditioning. These results suggest that adult lizards cannot learn to show escape behaviour with repeated exposure to fire ants, but that they can optimize this behaviour by fleeing sooner. This study highlights the need to test alternative explanations rigorously for apparent learned behaviour.
Molecular Pathways: Deregulation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation in Cancer—Different Paths, Same Destination

Methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me), a modification associated with gene repression, plays a critical role in regulating the expression of genes that determine the balance between cell differentiation and proliferation. Alteration of the level of this histone modification has emerged as a recurrent theme in many types of cancer, demonstrating that either excess or lack of H3K27 methylation can have oncogenic effects. Cancer genome sequencing has revealed the genetic basis of H3K27me deregulation, including mutations of the components of the H3K27 methyltransferase complex PRC2 and accessory proteins, and deletions and inactivating mutations of the H3K27 demethylase UTX in a wide variety of neoplasms. More recently, mutations of lysine 27 on histone H3 itself were shown to prevent H3K27me in pediatric glioblastomas. Aberrant expression or mutations in proteins that recognize H3K27me3 also occur in cancer and may result in misinterpretation of this mark. In addition, due to the cross-talk between different epigenetic modifications, alterations of chromatin modifiers controlling H3K36me, or even mutations of this residue, can ultimately regulate H3K27me levels and distribution across the genome. The significance of mutations altering H3K27me is underscored by the fact that many tumors harboring such lesions often have a poor clinical outcome. New therapeutic approaches targeting aberrant H3K27 methylation include small molecules that block the action of mutant EZH2 in germinal center-derived lymphoma. Understanding the biologic consequences and gene expression pathways affected by aberrant H3K27 methylation may also lead to other new therapeutic strategies.
Coupling of sympathetic nerve traffic and BP at very low frequencies is mediated by large-amplitude events

This study explores the functional association between renal sympathetic nerve traffic (NT) and arterial blood pressure (BP) in the very-low-frequency range (i.e., <0.1 Hz). NT and BP (n = 6) or BP alone (n = 17) was recorded in unanesthetized rats (n = 6). Data were collected for 2-5 h, and wavelet transforms were calculated from data epochs of up to 1 h. From these transforms, we obtained probability distributions for fluctuation amplitudes over a range of time scales. We also computed the cross-wavelet power spectrum between NT and BP to detect the occurrence in time of large-amplitude transient events that may be important in the autonomic regulation of BP. Finally, we computed a time sequence of cross correlations between NT and BP to follow the relationship between NT and BP in time. We found that NT and BP follow comparable self-similar scaling relationships (i.e., NT and BP fluctuations exhibit a certain type of power law behavior). Scaling of this nature 1) points to underlying dynamics over a wide range of scales and 2) is related to large-amplitude events that contribute to the very-low-frequency variability of NT and BP. There is a strong correlation between NT and BP during many of these transient events. These strong correlations and the uniformity in scaling imply a functional connection between these two signals at frequencies where we previously found no connection using spectral coherence.
Incorporating energy criteria in intermodal transportation policy decisions

Regional and local governments are collectively responsible for maintaining the economic health of their communities and managing traffic congestion, air quality, land use, and other related growth-management issues. Yet global climate change and air quality problems result from the consumption of energy in the production of goods and services that help sustain the economy. Public policy solutions to such problems are often difficult to design because of the interrelated nature of the environment, economic activities, and the infrastructure that links them together. A conceptual framework for thinking about the market behavior of consumers and producers as cost minimizers and offering a new way to design public policies using economic and energy efficiency goals is presented for the use of public-policy makers. Production theory can be used to explain how land, vehicles, infrastructure, and energy are combined to produce transportation goods and services. Heat and waste by-products from the production pro...
Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff

Woltemade, Christopher J., 2010. Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 700-711. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00442.x Abstract: Soil disturbances such as excavation and compaction in residential developments affect lawn infiltration rates and stormwater runoff. These effects were investigated via measuring saturated infiltration rates at 108 residential sites and 18 agricultural sites near Shippensburg, south-central Pennsylvania, using a double-ring infiltrometer. Residential sites included four neighborhoods distributed across three soil series classified as hydrologic soil group (HSG) B. Additional parcel data included date of house construction, percentage impervious area, lawn condition, and woody vegetation condition. Measured infiltration rates ranged from 0 to >40 cm/hour. Analysis of variance indicated significantly different mean infiltration rates (p < 0.001) for lots constructed pre-2000 (9.0 cm/hour) and those constructed post-2000 (2.8 cm/hour). Test results were used to determine a “field-tested” HSG for each site, representing disturbed soil conditions. Stormwater runoff was estimated from residential lots for a range of 24-hour design storms using the TR-55 model and several alternative methods of determining curve numbers, including five different representations of soil conditions. Curve numbers and stormwater runoff were substantially higher when based on field-tested HSGs for lots constructed post-2000 compared with lots built pre-2000 and when based on the HSG for undisturbed soils, documenting the magnitude of possible error in stormwater runoff models that neglect soil disturbance.
KNOT HOMOLOGY OF (3, m) TORUS KNOTS

We give a direct computation of the Khovanov knot homology of the (3, m) torus knots/links. Our computation yields complete results with ℤ[½] coefficients, though we leave a slight ambiguity concerning 2-torsion when integer coefficients are used. Our computation uses only the basic long exact sequence in knot homology and Rasmussen's result on the triviality of the embedded surface invariant.
Subliminal psychodynamic activation: methodological problems and questions in Silverman's experiments.

Szonmar,v.-Analyses of procedures in Lloyd H. Silverman's subliminal psychodynamic activation experiments identify problems and questions. Given the information provided, none of his experiments can be replicated, and none of his positive results were found under luminance conditions he reckoned in 1983 were typical of such outcomes. Furthermore, there is no evidence in any of his experiments that all stimuli were presented completely within the fovea, a condition critical to the production of positive findings (Silverman & Geisler, 1986). These considerations and the fact that no experiment using Silverman's procedures can yield unambiguous positive results (Fudin, 1986) underscore the need to start anew research in this area. Such research should be undertaken with a greater appreciation of methodological issues involved in exposing and encoding subluninal stimuli than that found in all but a few experiments on subliminal psychodynamic activation.
Diane Negra & Yvonne Tasker (Eds.), Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity

Gender is an important lens to critique an economic recession because not only are men and women impacted differently by a financial crisis, but gender is also used to illustrate the state of an economy. As such, it plays a significant role in the media because it provides an accessible understanding of the economy for the audience. Despite gender being an important lens, feminist scholars in the communication field have not paid enough attention to financial crises and their aftermaths. Diane Negra and Yvonne Tasker’s edited volume Gendering the Recession: Media and Culture in an Age of Austerity is therefore a valuable contribution to a feminist understanding of an economic downturn. It is likely to be remembered as one of the first books on gender, media, and economic crisis.
On-Site Wind Energy Measurement and Preliminary Transmission Assessment: Case Studies in Wyoming

This paper presents on-site wind energy measurement data at 50 meter and the wind turbine layout diagram for three different sites in Wyoming. This paper also presents a preliminary transmission assessment for each site with existing transmission lines and the steps required for transmission line interconnection. The capacity factor, geographic location, and nearby existing transmission line at each site are suitable for developing a wind energy farm. The study shows that commercial wind electricity generation is feasible technically and economically.
High Accuracy Atmospheric Wind Field Measurements with an Edge Technique Lidar

We have developed a ground based lidar system using the edge technique and demonstrated wind measurements. Wind profiles with a vertical resolution of 22 m have a standard deviation of 0.4 m/s for a 10 shot average.
High glucose, high insulin, and their combination rapidly induce laminin-β1 synthesis by regulation of mRNA translation in renal epithelial cells

Laminin is a glycoprotein that contributes to renal extracellular matrix expansion in diabetes. We investigated regulation of laminin-β1 synthesis in murine renal proximal tubular epithelial cells by 30 mmol/l glucose (high glucose), 1 nmol/l insulin (high insulin), and their combination (high glucose+high insulin), simulating conditions observed during progression of type 2 diabetes. Compared with 5 mmol/l glucose and no insulin (control), high glucose alone, high insulin alone, or high glucose+high insulin together increased laminin-β1 chain protein synthesis within 5 min, lasting for up to 60 min with no change in laminin-β1 mRNA levels. Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin-D, abrogated increased laminin-β1 synthesis. High glucose, high insulin, and high glucose+high insulin stimulated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, a repressor binding protein for eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), that was dependent on activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin. High glucose, high insulin, and high glucose+high insulin also promoted release of eIF4E from 4E-BP1, phosphorylation of eIF4E, and increase in eIF4E association with eIF4G, critical events in the initiation phase of mRNA translation. High glucose, high insulin, and high glucose+high insulin increased Erk phosphorylation, which is an upstream regulator of eIF4E phosphorylation, and PD098059, which is a MEK inhibitor that blocks Erk activation, abolished laminin-β1 synthesis. This is the first demonstration of rapid increment in laminin-β1 synthesis by regulation of its mRNA translation by cells exposed to high glucose, high insulin, or high glucose+high insulin.
Relation between peptide backbone solvation and the energetics of peptide hydrogen bonds.

The H-bond inventory approach is used commonly to interpret data involving changes in the number or types of protein hydrogen bonds. I point out here that this approach gives an incorrect answer either for the standard free energy or enthalpy of the reaction between simple amides and water. On the other hand, an electrostatic solvation approach fits almost within error the polar solvation free energies of small molecules, including amides. The electrostatic solvation approach is used here to discuss the relation between peptide backbone solvation and the enthalpy change for forming an alanine helix.
Balancing Risk and Return in a Customer Portfolio.

Abstract Marketing managers can increase shareholder value by structuring a customer portfolio to reduce the vulnerability and volatility of cash flows. This article demonstrates how financial portfolio theory provides an organizing framework for (1) diagnosing the variability in a customer portfolio, (2) assessing the complementarity/similarity of market segments, (3) exploring market segment weights in an optimized portfolio, and (4) isolating the reward on variability that individual customers or segments provide. Using a seven-year series of customer data from a large business-to-business firm, the authors demonstrate how market segments can be characterized in terms of risk and return. Next, they identify the firm's efficient portfolio and test it against (1) its current portfolio and (2) a hypothetical profit maximization portfolio. Then, using forward- and back-testing, the authors show that the efficient portfolio has consistently lower variability than the existing customer mix and the profit max...
The Use Of Regression Analysis As Evidence In Litigating Tax-Related Issues

Despite numerous published academic articles concerning the application of regression analysis as an accounting tool, its applicability as a tool in litigating tax matters has been largely ignored. This research documents the extent to which regression analysis has been used to adjudicate tax issues and points out conditions under which regression-based conclusions are considered legitimate evidence. A number of court decisions regarding federal income tax, state income tax and property taxes are reviewed to illustrate the extent to which regression analysis has been applied, its effectiveness, and implications for future adjudication of tax issues. Evidence from the reviewed court decisions indicates that regression analysis may be successfully used to uncover relevant facts, estimates or projections. However, the credibility of such evidence will depend on the observance of the underlying regression analysis assumptions and on the experts understanding of the phenomenon under study. The use of regression analysis to conduct legal analysis (for example, predicting the outcome of litigation) is of little utility in the courtroom.
Maternal and Paternal Employment, Effects of

Maternal employment has been shown to have direct and indirect as well as positive and negative associations with children’s behavior. Both desirable and undesirable associations have been found when paternal employment has been the focus of study. Considerable variability is evident within and across studies, and points to the importance of including demographic and other ecological factors, parenting and family variables, as well as conditions of work.
Defect Level Constrained Optimization of Analog and Radio Frequency Specification Tests

The objective of this work is to minimize testing cost of analog and RF circuits for which complete specification tests are available. We use an integer linear program (ILP) to eliminate as many tests as possible without exceeding the required defect level. The method leverages correlation among specifications, thereby avoiding the tests for specifications that are sufficiently covered by tests for other specifications. First, Monte Carlo simulation determines probabilities for each test covering all other specifications it was not originally intended for. These probabilities and the given defect level then define an ILP model for eliminating unnecessary tests. An hypothetical example illustration of ten specifications demonstrates that depending on the defect level requirement up to half of the tests may be eliminated. Monte Carlo simulation using spice for probabilistic characterization of tests versus specifications followed by ILP optimization for two commercially available integrated circuits, an operational amplifier and a radio frequency power controller (RFPC), are presented as evidence of effectiveness of the technique.
How Do Student Blogs Compare to Short Research Assignments in Achieving Some Traditional Teaching Goals

Two major goals of teaching include educating students to communicate effectively and encouraging students to critically engage with information. To what extent can blog assignments help us to achieve these goals? In this pilot study, I use student surveys and assignment performance to compare student performances on blog assignments to traditional research short papers. I compare the amount of time students devote to each assignment, how many and what sort of sources they tend to use, how many drafts they prepare on each assignment, and student self-reports on their engagement with the information and whether the assignment encouraged further interest in the topic.
Approach for analysis of order check overrides in a computerized practitioner order entry system.

SUMMARY While it has been established that computer practitioner order entry systems can prevent transcription errors and check orders for severe drug allergies and interactions[1], continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of order checks is important. The goal of this study is to examine the rate at which high severity order checks generated in the computer practitioner order entry system at VA Puget Sound are overridden by clinicians. We compare our results to those of a previous study[2] that found high override rates for Critical Drug Interaction and Allergy-Drug Interaction order check categories. We are interested in determining whether system changes addressing these high rates have been successful in reducing the overall override rate in these categories. Because the method used previously to extract orders is no longer available, the first step in our study was to develop a new procedure to gather order entry data. This procedure is the subject of our report.
Topographic position effects on growth depression of California Sierra Nevada pines during the 1982-83 El Nino

The El Nifio-Southern Oscillation event of 1982-83 was associated with severe winter weather in California, including increased snow accumulations in the Sierra Nevada relative to 1984. We examined the ratio of 1983 needle length to 1984 needle length in two speces of pines growing near timberline in the Sierra Nevada for evidence of growth depression during the El Ninio year. Trees of both Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine) and P. contorta var. murrayana (lodgepole pine) were sampled from four topographic positions at the study site: a meadow on the valley floor, northand south-facing slopes, and at high elevation near treeline. In all cases, average needle length in 1983 was less than that in 1984. The degree of growth depression varied among topographic positions and between species. Whitebark pines displayed the greatest variation in sensitivity to climatic change. Differences in sensitivity between species were associated with habitat restrictions; e.g., whitebark pines at high elevations were least affected by the El Ninio year, while lodgepole pines were most affected when growing at high elevations. It is hypothesized that observed variation in growth depression among topographic positions is due to both differences in the length of the 1983 growth season associated with timing of snowmelt and decreased temperatures during the 1983 growing season.
Feature Extraction from 2D Images for Body Composition Analysis

Body volume and body shape have been used in the estimation of body composition in clinical research. However, the determination of body volume typically requires sophisticated and expensive equipment. Similarly, the use of body shape to predict body composition is limited by rater biases as well as reproducibility. In this paper, we aim to introduce simple yet relatively accurate techniques for body volume and body shape representation that reduce limitations of traditional approaches. We propose an automated method to construct a 3D model of the body by accumulating ellipse-like slices formed by using the length and width features sampled from the back and side profile images. Body volume is represented in pixels by adding up the areas of the slices. Apart from representing body volume in pixels, we also aim to extract shape features from the 2D images and to create clusters of individuals according to their body shape. The body volume representation and the proposed shape features together with other meta-information including age, sex, race, height, and weight, could be effectively used in body composition prediction. Our study results indicate that the body volume calculated by the proposed method is reasonably accurate and the extracted shape clusters provide important information when estimating body composition.
Exploring the Intermediate States of ADP-ATP Exchange: A Simulation Study on Eg5

While mitotic kinesins have attracted significant attention in recent years as new anticancer drug targets, the underlying mechanism of kinesin-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis is still under investigation. Crystal structures of Eg5, one of the best-studied kinesins, have been solved in both ADP-bound and ATP-bound states. However, it is still extremely challenging to experimentally obtain structural information on the functionally important intermediate states, such as the nucleotide free (apo) and the initial ATP−kinesin collision state. Systematic molecular dynamics simulations were performed in this study to mimic different nucleotide binding states and explore the critical structural and dynamic variations during ADP−ATP exchange. Clear conformational changes from “ADP-like” toward “ATP-like” were observed from the simulation results. A highly conserved residue Arg234 was found to play a key role during the nucleotide exchange. This positively charged residue acted as the “hub” of a hydrogen-bond network tha...
H2-D2 Exchange Kinetics in the Presence of H2S over Pd4S, Pd70Cu30, and Pd47Cu53 Surfaces

H2S retards H2 transport across Pd membranes used for H2 separation by forming a Pd4S scale that has both low H2 dissociation activity and low H-atom permeability. As hydrogen purification membranes, alloys such as Pd70Cu30 and Pd47Cu53 are attractive alternatives to pure Pd due to their resistance to formation of bulk sulfides. Nonetheless, exposure to H2S can decrease the permeability of Pd70Cu30 and Pd47Cu53 membranes, presumably by poisoning the catalytic activity of their surfaces for H2 dissociation. In this work, the effect of H2S on H2 dissociation on Pd4S, Pd70Cu30, and Pd47Cu53 surfaces is investigated by microkinetic analysis of H2-D2 exchange kinetics over Pd4S, Pd70Cu30, and Pd47Cu53 surfaces in the presence of varying concentrations of H2S at near-ambient H2+D2 pressure. We show that the rate of H2-D2 exchange over all three surfaces is significantly suppressed when H2S is added to H2/D2/Ar reactant mixtures and that the suppression of H2-D2 exchange increases with increasing H2S concentrati...
Structure-Activity Relationships of Some Attractants of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly

A series of new compounds was synthesized to study the effect or varying the structure of the siglure molecule on attractiveness to the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The effect of removing or adding methyl, ethyl, and chloro groups at various positions was determined. These modifications can greatly affect the activity of the molecule. Some of the compounds were prepared to check the predictions or R. H. Wright (Nature (London) 198: 455-9 (1963) relating to his theory or molecular vibration and insect attraction. The data did not support his view that replacement of the ring methyl by ethyl or hydrogen would destroy activity. However, activity was diminished in most instances by these changes. The implication that the stereo chemical positioning of the –CH3 and –CO– group of the cyclohexene molecule is important was examined by preparing and determining the activities of hydrogenated and epoxy derivatives as well as by checking results obtained with halo compounds previously prepared. The spatial position of the aforementioned methyl and carboxyl groups was not altered appreciably in these materials. These analogs retained their attractiveness, but differences in activity of the compounds indicated that other effects of the substitutions are important.
Radiative recombination of trapped excitons in Alq 3 films: Importance of intermolecular interactions

We investigate the light emission of optically excited tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq${}_{3}$) films by temperature-dependent, time-integrated, as well as time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) at various photon densities. The Alq${}_{3}$ films are deposited on Si (001) substrate using organic molecular beam deposition. At high excitation densities, the PL efficiency decreases when the temperature is reduced from 170 to 15 K. At low laser intensities, the PL efficiency is nearly temperature independent. The observed PL quenching at high-excitation densities is assigned to singlet-singlet annihilation revealing a low-temperature bimolecular quenching coefficient that is more than two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported at room temperature. The observed strong bimolecular interaction at low temperature is attributed to an enhanced local (microscopic) density of captured excitons in extended traps. The reduction of the exciton annihilation with increasing temperature is assigned to a thermally activated occupation of nonquenchable localized exciton states. Above 190 K, the PL efficiency starts to decrease independently from the excitation level which is ascribed to a thermally activated detrapping of excitons and subsequent migration to nonradiative centers outside the traps. A coupled-rate equation model, including bimolecular quenching, thermally activated occupation of nonquenchable states, and detrapping of excitons at higher temperatures, supports these interpretations.
Improvement of determining chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water by headspace capillary gas chromatography

[Objective]To improve the present headspace capillary gas chromatography determining method of chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water by optimizing the procedure of preparing standard curves and spiked samples,so as to solve the issues often encountered in practical inspection such as poor linearity and inaccurate recoveries.[Methods]Omitting cumbersome volumetric flask dilution method,preparations of standard curves and spiked samples performed by trace injection that was carried out by a micro syringe,directly drawing mixed standard solution of low concentrations of chloroform and tetrachloromethane and injecting it to headspace sampling bottles with a certain amount of pure water or sample,and the determination was performed by headspace capillary gas chromatography.[Results] The linear ranges of the 2 compounds were 6.0-60 μg/L and 0.02-0.2 μg/L,and the coefficient of the linear regression equations were 0.999 5-0.999 9 and 0.999 0-0.999 5.The recovery rates of the two compounds were 91.0%-107.9% and 92.5%-107.5%,respectively.The detection limits were 0.007 μg/L and 0.000 7 μg/L.The precision were 2.9% and 7.3%.[Conclusion]The method can be applied for determination of chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water with the good linear relationship,accuracy and precision.
Tianshui Type A H1NI Flu Viral Monitor Analytical and Study

OBJECTIVE Through to the Tianshui Type A H1N1 influenza virus nucleic acid examination monitor research,understands and knows the Tianshui Type A H1N1 flu activity condition and the distribution.Provide the scientific basis for Tianshui and even the national flu prevention and control.METHODS Real-time fluorescence PCR meter (Bole QI5) test result.FLUA,SWFLUA1 and the SWH1 Ct value ≤33.0.RESULTS Reported that this response is a masculine gender.Finally:Altogether examines Type A H1N1 influenza virus 482.CONCLUSION Explained that the crowd to this new influenza virus universal easy feeling,this Type A H1N1 flu morbidity to be popular by the school student primarily,should strengthen the health education work,the propaganda promotion influenza vaccine prophylatic inoculation,raises the crowd immunity level and the prevention state-of-art,strengthens flu prevention and control consciousness.
Impaired regional subendocardial coronary flow reserve in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine coronary flow and vasodilator reserve in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs with pacing-induced heart failure, a model of severe biventricular cardiomyopathy devoid of significant hypertrophy. Twelve dogs were studied after 28 days of rapid right ventricular pacing and were compared with six sham-operated controls. Left ventricular (LV) average transmural flow was significantly less in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure, whereas the endocardial-to-epicardial flow ratio was not significantly different. In response to near maximal coronary vasodilation with adenosine, subepicardial coronary flow and vasodilator reserve were preserved in congestive heart failure (CHF), yet there was evidence of impaired subendocardial flow and vasodilator reserve, and the endocardial-to-epicardial ratio was significantly less. When the markedly elevated LV end-diastolic pressure was normalized in heart failure, there was restoration of subendocardial coronary flow reserve and a normalization of the endocardial-to-epicardial ratio. Thus, in CHF, there is impaired coronary flow and vasodilator reserve that is selective to the subendocardium of the LV. At this point in the heart failure process, this impairment is not associated with structural changes but is a consequence of the marked elevation in LV end-diastolic pressure.
Endocrine Disorders Associated with Tumors of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus

Because the roles of the hypothalamus and the pituitary in the regulation of the central nervous system and endocrine system are inextricably linked, tumors arising in either structure may affect the function of both systems.
Sedentary images in a popular US based parenting magazine: 2010-2015.

Background: Parenting magazines serve as a platform for advertisers to target children and their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe the number of pictures of sedentary and non-sedentary children pictured in the popular parenting magazine, Parents. Methods: Our sample consisted of 72 issues from Parents magazine from January 2010 to December 2015. The sampling frame consisted of all printed issues over this time period. All pictures of children, whether they were in advertisements or models appearing throughout the magazine were included. There were a total of 11 018 children images reviewed. Results: The overwhelming majority included sedentary children (n = 9734, 88.3%), while the minority showed children engaged in some kind of activity (n = 1284, 11.7%). Conclusion: Parents are encouraged to discuss with their pediatricians which activities are most beneficial for their children’s health.
Effects of Changes in BI-RADS Density Assessment Guidelines (Fourth Versus Fifth Edition) on Breast Density Assessment: Intra- and Interreader Agreements and Density Distribution.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine intra- and interreader agreements for density assessment using the fifth edition of the BI-RADS guidelines and to compare with those for density assessment using the fourth edition of the BI-RADS guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five radiologists assessed breast density four times in 104 mammographic examinations: twice using the fourth edition of the BI-RADS guidelines and twice using the fifth edition. The intra- and interreader agreements for density assessment based on each guideline were determined and compared. The density distribution pattern under each of the four BI-RADS density categories using each guideline was also noted and compared. RESULTS. The intrareader agreement for density assessment using the fifth-edition criteria was lower than that using the fourth-edition criteria (p = 0.0179). The overall intrareader agreement (weighted kappa) using the old criteria was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80–0.87), and the individual intrareader agreement val...
Effect of Fetal Sex on Maternal and Obstetric Outcomes

Fetal sex plays an important role in modifying the course and complications related to pregnancy and may also have an impact on maternal health and well-being both during and after pregnancy. The goal of this article is to review and summarize the findings from published research on physiologic and pathologic changes that may be affected by fetal sex and the effect of these changes on the maternal and obstetrical outcomes. This will help create awareness that fetal sex is not just a random chance event but an interactive process between the mother, the placenta and the fetus. The reported effects of male sex on the course of pregnancy and delivery include: higher incidence of preterm labor in singletons and twins, failure of progression in labor, true umbilical cord knots, cord prolapse, nuchal cord, higher cesarean section rate, higher heart rate variability with increased frequency and duration of decelerations without acidemia and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through the poor beta cells function. Similarly, female fetal sex has been reported to modify pregnancy and delivery outcomes including: altered fetal cardiac hemodynamics, increased hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, higher vulnerability of developing type 2 DM after pregnancy possibly because of influences on increased maternal insulin resistance. Placental function is also influenced by fetal sex. Vitamin D metabolism in the placenta varies by fetal sex; and the placenta of a female fetus is more responsive to the relaxing action of magnesium sulfate. Male and female feto-placental units also vary in their responses to environmental toxin exposure. The association of fetal sex with stillbirths is controversial with many studies reporting higher risk of stillbirth in male fetuses; although some smaller and limited studies have reported more stillbirths with female fetus pregnancies. Maternal status such as BMI may in turn also affect the fetus and the placenta in a sex specific manner. There is probably a sex specific maternal-placental-fetal interaction that has significant biological implications of which the mechanisms may be genetic, epigenetic or hormonal. Determination of fetal sex may therefore be an important consideration in management of pregnancy and childbirth.
Review: 125I-Fibrinogen leg scanning is insensitive for detecting venous thrombosis

Source Citation Lensing AW, Hirsh J. 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning: reassessment of its role for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis in post-operative patients. Thromb Haemost. 1993 Jan 11;69:2-7.
A Study of the Fracture Process of WC-Co Alloys

The important role of the deformation of the cobalt-rich binder phase in the fracture process of sintered WC-Co alloys has been noted in many recently published papers, either by observation of the deformation and rupture of cobalt on the fracture faces of the alloy (1–10) and/or by incorporating the work of plastic deformation of the binder phase into an appropriate fracture theory (1–4, 6, 8, 11). In general, the dominant contribution of the cobalt to the fracture resistance of these alloys is made obvious a priori by considering that 1) the values reported for the fracture energy of sintered WC-Co alloys (102–103 Jm−2) are evidence of considerable plastic work during fracture when compared to the typical cleavage energies of tungsten carbide and other brittle materials (10−1–101 Jm−2), and 2) the primary variable controlling the fracture toughness is the thickness of the binder phase layers, as shown by many investigators (1, 4, 6–9, 11, 12).
A true full-duplex 32-channel 0.135cm 3 neural interface

We propose a novel neuromodulation (NM) interface with true 100mV pp linear input range that enables concurrent neural sensing and stimulation. It includes a flexible 4-driver-to-32-contact stimulator that can deliver up to 3.1mA per driver (total 12.4mA) and a 32-channel sensing unit. This 32-channel interface meets design requirements of human-quality implants at unprecedented electronic miniaturization (20x reduction) as compared to prior art. It offers major new clinical perspectives: always-on sensing for enhanced closed-loop therapy, multi-channel arbitrary stimulation waveforms with user-friendly programming, and a high spatial resolution neural interface for precise target localization.
Toxidrome Recognition in Chemical-Weapons Attacks

Recognition of Chemical-Weapons Attacks The risk of chemical terrorism requires an effective rapid-triage system for identifying symptoms, likely to have been caused by chemical agents, that require rapid antidote administration, emergency airway support, and area decontamination.
Isolierung von Antigenen aus Lebensmitteln und Zusatzstoffen

Description d'une methode d'isolement de proteines et glycoproteines d'origine animale ou vegetale en vue du controle de qualite des produits alimentaires
Impact of Pharmacists on Access to Vaccine Providers: A Geospatial Analysis.

Policy Points: Policymakers in the United States should consider expanding pharmacy practice laws to allow pharmacists to vaccinate adolescents as a way to improve geographic access to adolescent vaccines, particularly for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which has low uptake. Our state-level analysis showed that pharmacists are more geographically dispersed than primary care physicians in the US state of Texas. Including pharmacists among available adolescent vaccine providers would improve the geographic distribution of vaccine providers, especially in areas with an inadequate number of primary care physicians. Context The largest disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in the United States are due to geography. One potential way of addressing these disparities is by improving geographic access to HPV vaccination. Two federal panels have recommended including community pharmacists as HPV vaccine providers as a strategy to improve opportunities for HPV vaccination for adolescents. We sought to evaluate whether community pharmacists can improve the number of vaccine providers in areas with primary care physician shortages in the US state of Texas. Methods We gathered publicly available physician and pharmacist 2016 workforce data from the Texas Medical Board and Board of Pharmacy. We conducted geospatial analysis of census tracts to analyze the distribution of physicians and pharmacists and how pharmacists change vaccine provider coverage across the state. Findings Census tracts with high numbers of physicians per capita tended to be located near one another, in 5 of 5 analyses of Moran's I (median = .04). In contrast, pharmacist rates were not spatially dependent on census tract in any of our analyses. If pharmacists were added to primary care physicians as vaccine providers, 35% of urban census tracts that previously had inadequate coverage would be adequately covered, while 18% of inadequately covered rural census tracts would become adequately covered. Overall, when pharmacists were included with primary care physicians as vaccine providers, vaccine providers per capita increased in 2,413 of the 4,508 urban census tracts (54%), while the rate increased in 223 of 746 rural census tracts (30%). Conclusions Pharmacists are more geographically dispersed across census tracts than primary care physicians. As a result, adding pharmacists to the workforce would increase the availability of vaccine providers in areas with inadequate primary care provider coverage.
Non-Gaussian Distributional Analyses of Reaction Times (RT): Improvements that Increase Efficacy of RT Tasks for Describing Cognitive Processes

This didactic aims of this review are to demonstrate the advantages of examining the entire reaction time (RT) distribution to better realize the efficacy of mental speed assessment in clinical neuropsychology. RT distributions are typically non-normal, requiring consideration of a host of statistical issues. Specifically, the appropriate model of the mental speed task's distribution (e.g., ex-Gaussian, Weibull, Normal-Gaussian, etc.) must be determined to know what parameters can be used to characterize test performance. While RT mean and standard deviation are typically used to characterize clinical performance, these parameters are usually inappropriate because RT performance rarely conforms to a normal-Gaussian distribution. For illustrative purposes, a tutorial for examining the entire RT distribution is provided that demonstrates differences between an Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity and a neurotypical group of college students. While such analyses are descriptive, it is important to characterize test performance in the context of a theoretical model of RT performance. Therefore, the tutorial includes interpretation that uses the Diffusion model (Ratcliff Psychological Review, 85, 59-108, 1978), which assumes an ex-Gaussian distribution. It is concluded that current results conform to a large literature demonstrating a more nuanced understanding of cognition afforded by non-Gaussian analysis of RT. This literature is compelling neuropsychology to enlarge assessment technology beyond the limitations of paper-and-pencil instruments.
Transition costs and transportation reform: The case of SFpark

Abstract This article describes and analyzes the backlash that arose when San Francisco attempted to expand its program of dynamic parking pricing, called SFpark, into an unmetered neighborhood. I place this episode in the context of the literature on transition costs and policy reforms: many beneficial policies are stymied because they cannot overcome a period of initial opposition. Compared to other policy reforms, transportation pricing should be less vulnerable to such transition costs, because it generates revenue that policymakers can use to reduce political opposition. As I demonstrate, however, when revenue is not used with political considerations in mind, it can exacerbate rather than mitigate political conflict.
Etiological Factors: Basic Neuroscience

Abstract Studies of pediatric anxiety have revealed alterations in both the structure and the function of frontolimbic circuitry, which are central to the etiology of anxiety disorders. Bidirectional connections between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala underlie fundamental processes including fear extinction and emotion regulation, in concert with broader neural circuitry that includes the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders show disrupted interactions between these regions, as well as atypical patterns of prefrontal activity and amygdala hyperactivity that are consistent with weakened top-down control. Recent interest in identifying neural predictors of treatment outcome, as well as the neural mechanisms supporting treatment efficacy, represent a promising new direction in precision medicine and have contributed to enhanced understanding of clinical interventions for anxious youth. Future studies focused on translating the developmental neurobiology of anxiety will play an important role for optimizing clinical interventions for pediatric anxiety disorders to target the developing brain.