cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Prevalence of the Different Mechanisms of Resistance to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli

Abstract A survey of clinical isolates from a hospital laboratory showed that Escherichia coli could be grouped into three classes of beta-lactam-antibiotic resistance by results of routine susceptibility testing to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. E. coli highly resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin but not to cephalothin (class I) were found to have one of two levels of R factor-mediated, periplasmic-β-lactamase which resembled RTEM and was located behind a permeability barrier to penicillins but not to cephalosporins. This permeability barrier appeared to act synergistically with the β-lactamase in producing high levels of resistance to penicillins. E. coli highly resistant to ampicillin and cephalothin but not carbenicillin (class II) were found to have a β-lactamase with predominantly cephalosporinase activity which was neither transferable nor releasable by osmotic shock. E. coli moderately resistant to one or to all three of these antibiotics (class III) were found to have low levels of different β-lactamases including a transferable β-lactamase which resembled R1818. Thus, different mechanisms producing resistance to β-lactam antibiotics could be deduced from the patterns of resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin found on routine susceptibility testing. E. coli of class I were much more prevalent than the other classes and the proportion of E. coli that were class I increased with duration of patient hospitalization. The incidence of class I E. coli rose only slightly over the past 7 years and that of class II E. coli remained constant despite increased usage of both cephalothin and ampicillin. These observations emphasize that the properties of the apparently limited number of individual resistance mechanisms that exist in a bacterial flora, such as their genetic mobility and linkages and the spectrum of their antibiotic inactivating enzymes and permeability barriers, may govern the effect that usage of an antibiotic has upon the prevalence of resistance to it and to other antibiotics.
Emotion Regulation in Children with Anxiety Disorders.

This study examined emotion management skills in addition to the role of emotional intensity and self-efficacy in emotion regulation in 26 children with anxiety disorders (ADs) ages 8 to 12 years and their counterparts without any form of psychopathology. Children completed the Children's Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) and Emotion Regulation Interview (ERI), and mothers reported on their children's emotion regulation using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Results indicated that children who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (4th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for an anxiety disorder had difficulty managing worried, sad, and anger experiences, potentially due to their report of experiencing emotions with high intensity and having little confidence in their ability to regulate this arousal. These findings indicate that emotion regulation needs to be considered centrally in research with anxious populations.
Plasma lipoproteins of free-ranging howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata).

Abstract 1. 1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of free-ranging howling monkeys from Costa Rica ( Alouatta palliata ), aged 5 months to 23 years, were characterized. 2. 2. High density liporoteins were lipid-rich, similar to HDL 2 of human plasma. 3. 3. Fatty acid compositions of major lipid classes of very low, low and high density lipoproteins differed among social groups, possibly due to both dietary and genetic factors. 4. 4. Low and high density lipoprotein phospholipids were enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine. 5. 5. Howler plasma cross reacted with antihuman apoA-I antibodies but not with antihuman LDL antibodies. 6. 6. No dimeric form of apoA-II was present, unlike human apoA-II.
Identification of largemouth bass virus in the introduced Northern Snakehead inhabiting the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Abstract The Northern Snakehead Channa argus is an introduced species that now inhabits the Chesapeake Bay. During a preliminary survey for introduced pathogens possibly harbored by these fish in Virginia waters, a filterable agent was isolated from five specimens that produced cytopathic effects in BF-2 cells. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of the major capsid protein (MCP), DNA polymerase (DNApol), and DNA methyltransferase (Mtase) genes, the isolates were identified as Largemouth Bass virus (LMBV). Nucleotide sequences of the MCP (492 bp) and DNApol (419 pb) genes were 100% identical to those of LMBV. The nucleotide sequence of the Mtase (206 bp) gene was 99.5% identical to that of LMBV, and the single nucleotide substitution did not lead to a predicted amino acid coding change. This is the first report of LMBV from the Northern Snakehead, and provides evidence that noncentrarchid fishes may be susceptible to this virus. Received April 8, 2013; accepted April 19, 2013
Flavor-mixing at CLEO

Abstract We discuss the latest CLEO results on B 0 – B 0 and D 0 – D 0 mixing. For the B d 0 system we measure the time-integrated mixing parameter, χ =0.198±0.013±0.14. From an analysis of the time structure of D 0 – D 0 decays, we limit the mixing amplitude in the D 0 system to x ′ 0 decay modes used in the study of mixing in the D 0 system are presented. We looked for and did not find any CP-asymmetry in the B 0 – B 0 or the D 0 – D 0 systems.
Localization of regions of the Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor labeled with an aryl azide derivative of phosphatidylserine.

Abstract A photoactivatable analog of phosphatidylserine, 125 I-labeled 4-azidosalicylic acid-phosphatidylserine ( 125 I-ASA-PS) (Blanton, M. and Wang, H.H. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 1186–1194) was used to label the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The photoactivatable group of 125 I-ASA-PS is attached directly to the phospholipid head group making it an excellent probe of regions of the AchR structure in contact with the negatively-charged head group of phosphatidylserine. The ‘binding domains’ were localized by chemically cleaving the labeled receptor with cyanogen bromide (CNBr), separating the generated peptides by reverse-phase HPLC, and N-terminal sequence analysis of radiolabeled material. CNBr fragments containing flanking regions of the transmembrane spanning region M4 as well as within M3 were identified within HPLC separated radiolabeled material. The results suggest a topological arrangement of the transmembrane helices in which the hydrophobic faces of M3 and M4 form the boundary of the receptor complex in contact with the lipid bilayer.
Charge-domain analog signal processing for detector arrays

Abstract The use of charge-coupled device structures for analog signal processing is described. By operating in the charge domain, such structures offer the advantages of low power, compact-layout, and high-speed operation. The circuits are digitally programmable and unlike continuous-time analog cuircits, their operation can be fully synchronous. The application of the charge-domain circuits to on-chip signal processing for detector arrays is discussed. A new content-addressable architecture of sparsely illuminated detector arrays is proposed.
Three-dimensional computational holographic imaging and recognition using independent component analysis

We present computational holographic three-dimensional imaging and automated object recognition based on independent component analysis (ICA). Three-dimensional sensing of the scene is performed by...
Clinical Research: Establishing a Comprehensive Database for Home Parenteral Nutrition: Six Years of Data

Documenting the outcomes of therapy is mandatory in today's health care environment. Such information is required by external agencies and desired by internal users. This article describes the development of a comprehensive database by one home infusion service that allows benchmarking of the results of care with other services over time. It also can be used to identify problems that are suitable for quality improvement initiatives. The database additionally allows analyses of the relationship between changing patient demographics and treatment processes over time and selected outcomes. Given the high cost and growing number of patients receiving home infusion services, the ability to address these kinds of questions is imperative for individual providers and for the entire health system.
The Impact of Volume Reduction on Early and Long-Term Outcomes in Surgical Ventricular Restoration for Severe Heart Failure

Background Recent published results suggest no additive benefit to surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) when combined with coronary artery bypass grafting. However, there may still be a subgroup of patients with severe heart failure who can benefit from this procedure. We reviewed our institutional experience with SVR to determine early and late outcomes based on volume reduction. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our SVR patients (January 2002 to April 2008) with follow-up to March 2009. Baseline comorbidities, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed by chart review, phone calls, and mailings. Survival was modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, myocardial perfusion scans, and echocardiography assessed cardiac function, candidacy for SVR, and volume reduction. Results We reviewed 87 consecutive SVR patients (69 men). Mean age at operation was 61.1 years. Preoperatively, all patients had congestive heart failure, with 80 (92%) at New York Heart Association III/IV. All patients underwent preoperative viability studies. Three-vessel occlusion exceeding 50% was present in 69 (79%). After SVR, ejection fraction improved from 0.236 to 0.332 ( p Conclusions SVR is a surgical option for appropriately selected patients with severe congestive heart failure. In these high-risk patients, SVR successfully increased ejection fraction and decreased symptoms. A left ventricular end systolic volume index of 80 to 120 may be the ideal range for SVR procedures.
Computed tomography of bronchiectasis in association with tuberculosis.

Abstract Eight patients with pulmonary tuberculosis proven by positive sputum culture were found to have various degrees of bronchiectasis by computed tomography (CT) but not by plain chest radiography. The CT is characterized by cystic dilatation of the thickwalled bronchi manifested as strings or clusters of pearls or grapes for cystic bronchiectasis and a “tram-line” appearance for cylindrical bronchiectasis. We stress that bronchiectasis remains quite common in association with pulmonary tuberculosis, and CT can replace bronchography for its detection.
Management of early postdischarge adjustment reactions following psychiatric hospitalization.

Psychiatric patients frequently experience serious symptoms and demonstrate disturbed behaviors in the very early postdischarge period. Based on 25 years of clinical experience, the author reviews symptoms and behaviors that can occur and notes that they should most often be viewed as adjustment reactions rather than as exacerbations of the primary illness. A team approach to management of early postdischarge reactions that uses a psychiatrist and psychiatric nurse is effective. interventions include forewarning inpatients that problems may occur and helping them identify potential problems. Social skills training, learning therapies, and family counseling help patients prepare to cope. Accompanying patients home on passes during hospitalization is helpful, as is inviting them to visit the hospital during their first days at home. Scheduling mitial office visits within three days of discharge is another way of easing a difficult transition.
Heterodyne and FTS measurements on the OCS hot bands near 1890 cm−1

Abstract New infrared heterodyne frequency measurements are reported for carbonyl sulfide (OCS) near 1890 cm −1 . By combining these heterodyne measurements with microwave measurements reported in the literature and with new Fourier transform spectrometer measurements, we have determined rovibrational constants for the states involved in the following transitions: 02 0 1-00 0 0, 02 2 e 1-00 0 0, 03 1 1-01 1 0, 02 0 2-00 0 1, 04 0 1-02 0 0, 04 2 1-02 2 0, and 02 0 1-00 0 0 ( 16 O 12 C 34 S). New FTS measurements have also been made on the 03 1 2-01 1 1 band of the normal isotope, the 02 0 1-00 0 0 band of 16 O 13 C 32 S, and the 03 1 1-01 1 0 band of 16 O 12 C 34 S. The present frequency measurements have also been combined with other frequency measurements, reported earlier, to determine frequencies for the 02 0 2-00 0 0 transitions near 2730 cm −1 and the 04 0 1-00 0 0 transitions near 2940 cm −1 . A separate set of measurements was made to determine the pressure shift of the transitions in the 02 0 0-00 0 0 band of OCS. The shift is quite small, on the order of −0.4 ± 1.5 kHz/Pa (−0.05 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr).
Whole saliva proteolysis: wealth of information for diagnostic exploitation.

Abstract: Whole saliva (WS) protein profiles differ significantly from those of glandular salivary secretions. Rapid proteolysis of the prominent members of the salivary protein families by WS resident proteases appears to be a major cause for the observed differences. We propose that the rate and mode of glandular salivary protein degradation in the oral cavity contains information that could be of unique value in the diagnosis of oral disease.
FDG-PET/CT assessment of differential chemotherapy effects upon skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with melanoma.

Objectives To quantify the differential effects of chemotherapy on the metabolic activity of skeletal muscle in vivo using molecular imaging with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).
Location aware applications to support mobile food vendors in the developing world

This paper describes an ongoing research project to explore the potential of location aware mobile phone-based applications to support mobile food vendors in the developing world. These vendors are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the developing world and can be seen hawking their wares in carts, bicycles or motorcycles. We report preliminary findings from nine interviews conducted with various mobile food vendors in Indonesia. Based on these findings, we present our initial system design for a mobile phone-based application that allows these vendors to advertize their current location, accept orders from customers, and have customers recommend particular vendors.
Analysis of tactors for wearable simulator feedback: a tactile vest architecture

Current training simulators for police officers and soldiers lack two critical qualities for establishing a compelling sense of immersion within a virtual environment: a strong disincentive to getting shot, and accurate feedback about the bodily location of a shot. This research addresses these issues with hardware architecture for a Tactical Tactile Training Vest (T3V). In this study, we have evaluated the design space of impact “tactors” and present a T3V prototype that can be viscerally felt. This research focuses on determining the optimal design parameters for creating maximum tactor hitting energy. The energy transferred to the projectile directly relates to the quality of the disincentive. The complete T3V design will include an array of these tactors on front and back of the body to offer accurate spatial feedback. The impact tactor created and tested for this research is an electromagnetic projectile launcher, similar to a solenoid, but lower profile and higher energy. Our best tactor produced projectile energy of approximately 0.08 Joules with an efficiency at just above 0.1%. Users in an informal pilot study described the feeling as "surprising," "irritating," and "startling," suggesting that this level of force is approaching our target level of disincentive.
Pion exchange at high energies

The state of Regge pion exchange calculations for high-energy reactions is reviewed. Experimental evidence is summarized to show that (i) the pion trajectory has a slope similar to that of other trajectories; (ii) the pion exchange contribution can dominate contributions of higher trajectories up to quite a large energy; (iii) many two-body cross sections with large pion contributions can be fit only by models which allow for kinematical conspiracy at $t=0$. The theory of kinematic conspiracy is reviewed for two-body amplitudes, and calculations of the conspiring pion-Pomeron cut discussed. The author then summarizes recent work on pion exchange in Reggeized Deck models for multiparticle final states, with emphasis on the predictions of various models (with and without resonances) for phases of the partial wave amplitudes.
Elastomer-Based Micromechanical Energy Storage System

An elastomer-based energy storage system for MEMS has been designed, built, and tested. Micro rubber bands have been fabricated from silicone using two different methods, laser-cut and molded, and assembled into silicon microstructures fabricated in a two-mask silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. Using silicon hooks and force gauges designed in this process, these micro rubber bands have been characterized as to their energy storage potential and efficiency by stretching them with a probe tip. These tests showed recovered energy efficiencies up to 92% at strains over 200% with a maximum stored energy over 19 μJ. In addition, a fully integrated micromechanical energy storage system to both store and release energy has been demonstrated using an electrostatic inchworm motor to stretch the elastomer band and release it. Using the inchworm motor, an estimated 4.9 nJ of energy was stored in the elastomer spring and quickly released.© 2006 ASME
Ghana's Women-in- Development Program: Problems, Issues, and Prescription

Our Women-In-Development Program . . . is trying to lay the groundwork to improve the lot of the average rural Ghanaian woman, who is often left out in the government's economicdevelopment programs. In addition, and more importantly, it is the hope of many well-meaning Ghanaians that the success of the program will help eradicate the debilitating image and unequal treatment of women as people who should only be mothers and nothing else.
Crushability maps for structural polymeric foams in uniaxial loading under rigid confinement

A family of epoxy-based polymeric foams with various initial porosity levels was subjected to quasi-static uniaxial loading in rigid confinement (uniaxial strain) to investigate their crushability characteristics. Two issues were investigated. The first issue was the uniformity of deformation in a specimen as a function of porosity level by creating a grid of equally spaced thin stripes on the surface and by monitoring their pattern during the experiment. It was found that the higher the porosity of foam, the more non-uniform the deformation in the specimen. However, the localized non-uniform deformation did not affect the global stress-strain response, especially at large deformations. The second issue was the development of a new analysis tool, called “crushability map”. The purpose of the tool is to depict the evolution of porosity, bulk density and energy absorption as functions of applied strain, stress, and porosity. These maps can assist in characterizing the residual crushability or energy absorption capability of foams as a function of residual porosity. The maps can be used as a design tool for selection of suitable foams for a given application in conjunction with various design criteria.
Careers with Heroin

This report examines heroin use careers within a sample of 147 Black male heroin addicts and their nonaddicted friends. Based on the extent of their heroin use, subjects were classified into the following subgroups: “light” experimenters, “moderate” experimenters, “heavy” experimenters, and addicts. Our findings indicate that no single career line or pattern characterizes all heroin users. While some users quickly progress from initiation to heroin to regular, intermittent use or “chipping” to daily heroin use and physical dependence, others are deflected at various points along the way. In this report we describe some of the sociobehavioral processes or career contingencies associated with movement from one level of heroin use to the next.
A SOI-MEMS-Based Single Axis Active Probe for Cellular Force Sensing and Cell Manipulation

This paper presents the design, analysis, fabrication, and characterization of an electrostatically driven single axis active probing device for cellular force sensing and cell manipulation applications. The active probe is actuated by linear comb driver to create the motion in the probing direction. Both actuation and sensing comb drives are designed for the probing stage. The sensing comb structures enable us to sense the probe displacement when it is actuated, which enables application of force balanced sensing. The designed active probing device has an overall size of 5 mm × 4.5 mm, is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate through surface micromachining technologies and deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) process. The probe stage structure is fabricated on the 10-μm-thick device layer of SOI wafer. The handle layer beneath probe stage is etched away by DRIE process to decrease the film damping between the stage and the handle wafer thus achieving high quality factor. The proposed single axis probe is aimed at sensing cellular force which ranges from pN to μN and cell manipulation applications.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Structure and Context of the Urban Growth Coalition: The View from the Chamber of Commerce

This article examines the perception of local chambers of commerce regarding the urban growth coalition, and compares their observations with those of contemporary urban theorists. The chambers perceive the developmental community as dominated by business groups associated with land-use intensification and by elected officials. The chambers see manufacturing, retail, and service-sector firms as part of a less prominent constellation of developmental actors, and perceive virtually no developmental role for neighborhood or environmental groups.
Mozart's scatological disorder.

in nature, presenting the numbers of cases of hearing loss, presumed to have been noise induced or comparing hearing levels with reference populations.378 Both these descriptive methods have shortcomings: the former depends on the definition of noise induced hearing loss, and the latter depends on identifying a well matched reference population. Neither method of presentation is amenable to the necessary statistical testing. We believe that our method is suitable for estimating the risk of hearing loss in classical musicians as it does not depend on identifying cases but uses internal comparisons. Unfortunately, the numbers available limited the statistical power, but other orchestras might be recruited to an extended study. Our study shows that there is a potential for hearing damage in classical musicians and that some form of protection from excessive sound may occasionally be needed.
Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury: An Overview of the Multicenter Study of the Genomic and Proteomic Response to Burn Injury

Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury is a prospective, multicenter, federally funded collaborative study of the genomic and proteomic basis for injury response. This study has brought together clinical specialists in burn injury with experts in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics to answer questions related to immunoinflammatory responses to injury. The purpose of this report is to describe the structure, organization, goals, and current progress of this Glue Grant project.
A statistical study of the effect of formulation variables on the properties of sorbitol polyether-based rigid urethane foam

Each rigid urethane foam formulation must be carefully designed to meet the key requirements of its specific end use. For example, refrigerator insulation is an application which requires low thermal conductivity, low density, and excellent resistance to humid aging. The present investigation was carried out to determine variations in foam properties caused by changes in catalyst concentration, isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the quasi-prepolymer, quasi-prepolymer cooking time, dispersing agent concentration, and isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the total foam. The basic foam formulation contained sorbitol polyether (Hydroxyl Number 490), toluene diisocyanate, trichlorofluoromethane blowing agent, catalyst, and dispersing agent. The results showed that the tensile strength decreased as the isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the total foam increased. Shear strength was affected strongly by catalyst concentration, and by isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the prepolymer and in the total foam. Cure time (at room temperature) was strongly affected by catalyst concentration and technique of prepolymer preparation. The only factors having a significant effect on humid aging resistance were isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the prepolymer and in the total foam. The effects on thermal conductivity were complex, and included an interaction between dispersing agent concentration and catalyst concentration, and also between prepolymer preparation technique and isocyanate/hydroxyl ratio in the prepolymer. The compressive strength increased with catalyst concentration, and was strongly affected by prepolymer preparation techniques. Key effects and interactions were plotted in graphical form.
PtCl2-catalyzed benzannulation of nickel(II) 2,3-dialkynylporphyrins to form unusual phenanthroporphyrins

Abstract Reaction of Ni(II) 2,3-dibromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin with substituted stannyl alkynes generates substituted 2,3-dialkynylporphyrins in good yields. Thermolysis of these motifs with stoichiometric or even catalytic equivalents of PtCl2 yields unusual phenanthroporphyrins with only small amounts of the established picenoporphyrin or other side products.
Recombination of deuterium atoms on the surface of molten Li–LiD

Abstract Measurements of the rate constant k r describing the surface recombination of deuterium atoms into molecules, were made for various molten mixtures of Li–LiD using a thermal desorption technique. The results are found to follow an Arrhenius relationship in the temperature range 573–873 K and are compared to the prediction of a kinetic model for the release of hydrogen from metals. The data are lower than would be predicted by the model for an atomically clean surface, but lower than predicted recombination rates are ubiquitous with this type of measurement and well known to result from surface contamination, which reduces surface-site availability and gives rise to variations in the surface chemisorption potential.
Raman Spectrum of Semiconducting and Metallic V O 2

The Raman scattering spectrum of V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is reported between 4.2 and 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In the semiconducting monoclinic phase only sharp phonon structure is observed. The metallic rutile phase exhibits a pronounced softening and damping in the observed phonon spectrum. This evidence supports a recently proposed phenomenological mechanism for the semiconductor-to-metal transition.
Photoelectron imaging of cells: photoconductivity extends the range of applicability

Photoelectron imaging is a sensitive surface technique in which photons are used to excite electron emission. This novel method has been applied successfully in studies of relatively flat cultured cells, viruses, and protein-DNA complexes. However, rounded-up cell types such as tumor cells frequently are more difficult to image. By comparing photoelectron images of uncoated and metal-coated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, it is shown that the problem is specimen charging rather than a fundamental limitation of the electron imaging process. This is confirmed by emission current measurements on uncoated monolayers of MCF-7 carcinoma cells and flatter, normal Wi-38 fibroblasts. We report here that sample charging in photoelectron microscopy can be eliminated in most specimens by simultaneous use of two light sources--the standard UV excitation source (e.g., 254 nm) and a longer wavelength light source (e.g., 325 nm). The reduction in sample charging results largely from enhanced photoconduction in the bulk sample and greatly extends the range of cells that can be examined by photoelectron imaging. The contributions of photoconductivity, the electric field of the imaging system, and the short escape depths of the photoelectrons combine to make photoelectron imaging a uniquely sensitive technique for the study of biological surfaces.
From the Field, to the Web, and Back Again: Incorporating Internet Methods into Language Ideology Research.

Researchers from a variety of academic disciplines have begun to incorporate Web-based methodologies in their research agendas. Nonetheless, many of those interested in language ideologies – i.e. speakers’ beliefs about language, as well as their rationalisation of those beliefs – vehemently stand by site-specific ethnographic approaches. Rather than arguing for a replacement of one method by another, the present methodological analysis explores how Internet methods can be intertwined with more traditional, face-to-face techniques for data collection. Exemplifying this process by way of a three-phase project investigating Spanish-speaker opinions about various dialects of Spanish that exist in the world, we illustrate how online and offline methods can mutually inform one another, together allowing both specificity and generalisability of findings, as well as an overall more profound understanding of a given phenomenon of interest.
Propranolol and response bias: an extension of findings reported by Corwin et al.

Data linking depression, beta noradrenergic blockade, and a conservative bias in decision making have been published by Corwin et al (1990). They reanalyzed data from a Sternberg memory manning (number recognition) task (Adler et al 1988), using a signal detection model (Snodgrass and Corwin 1988) and found that 12 weeks of treatmen'~ with proprano!o! caused hypertensive patients :~ :dopt a more conservafives bias (i.e., tended to say "no" when uncertain). There were no other significant behavioral effects of the treatment. They presented this finding along with the report of an experiment showing that depressed patients adopt a conservative bias in a word__rec_o~_ifion task while, in con_ma~t, manJcs 2~opt a more liberal bias. While they emphasize the possible connection between 13-adrenergic function and affective disorders, the propranolol effect is interesting in its own right. Dimsdale, Newton, and Joist (1989) note the conflicting nature of the literature in their review of betablocker psychopharmacology.
The phase diagram of (lithium + ammonia) in the vicinity of the compound Li(NH3)4

Abstract Further examination of the transitions in { x Li + (1 − x )NH 3 } by means of warming curves and adiabatic calorimetry has been undertaken to determine the dependence of the transition temperatures on composition. For x ⩽ 0.2 the temperature of the upper transition previously observed at 88.79 K was verified. However, for x > 0.2 the upper transition was found to be at (88.91±0.01) K. The lower transition (solid-to-solid) was found at (82.23±0.03) K near the temperature previously reported. The occurrence of two transitions slightly below 89 K is regarded as further indication of the existence of the compound Li(NH 3 ) 4 which presumably forms (1) a eutectic at 88.80 K also involving NH 3 (s) and a saturated solution for x 3 ) 4 (s), for x > 0.2. Alternatively, the 88.91 K transition may be regarded as a peritectic transition, although results requiring or eliminating this interpretation have not been acquired. It is proposed that the solid-to-solid transition at 82.23 K is an order-disorder transition, involving NH 3 molecules within each Li(NH 3 ) 4 cluster, which accompanies the hexagonal-to-f.c.c. phase change of Li(NH 3 ) 4 (s). If such is the case, the absence of a corresponding solid-to-solid transition close to the eutectic temperatures of (lithium + fully deuterated ammonia) may be explained as an isotope effect which results in the elevation of the temperature at which disordering occurs to above, or to coincidence with, the eutectic temperatures.
Vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae: a pathophysiologic understanding.

Abstract Osteomyelitis secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae in any location is rare. We present herein a patient with pneumococcal vertebral body osteomyelitis following prior trauma to the same region. Trauma is an important predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of vertebral osteomyelitis.
Gain improvement of phased arrays of small elements using spherical dielectric shells

Spherical dielectric shells are studied to improve the gain of arrays of compact elements at lower frequencies, where the distance between elements is much smaller than half wavelength. The formulations required to define the shell geometry are developed. Two and four element arrays are designed and simulated with and without shells to test the technique, and promising results are obtained at lower frequencies for the array with shells.
Hobbes on Fidelity to Law

I will attempt to explicate Hobbes's conception of legal obligation by trying to understand what factors would lead people, on his view, to agree to obey a legal authority as well as to accept a legal system as deserving of respect. I am mainly concerned to understand Hobbes's curious claims that those who have been legitimately condemned to death and those who have been legitimately commanded to serve in combat situations may nonetheless justifiably disobey the law. Such claims seem to undermine fidelity to law, at least as that concept was understood by Plato in The Crito. As a result it might appear that Hobbes provides too simplistic a view of legal obligation. On the contrary, I will argue that Hobbes supports quite a plausible and subtle view of legal obligation which has several advantages over various other views of legal obligation.
I'm “Coming Out” as Disabled, but I'm “Staying in” to Rest: Reflecting on Elected and Imposed Segregation

This paper addresses the varied and often contradictory emotions that accompany living with multiple disabilities. The author incorporates his personal experiences (e.g., as a middle school teacher, as a doctoral student, and as a researcher) with disability as he attempts to reflect upon his perceptions of the world as a disabled individual. In particular, he expounds on the notion that segregation be considered and re-conceptualized as a strategy, recourse, or even as a retreat of sorts from a profound level of ableism that is perpetuated within an unsupportive and unforgiving society. But in addition, to further problematize the concept of segregation, the author examines how some of his students have dealt with their own segregation in school.
Systemic Arterial Vasodilation, Vasopressin, and Vasopressinase in Pregnancy

Systemic arterial vasodilation in early pregnancy is accompanied by a compensatory rise in cardiac output and a decline in BP. This relative arterial underfilling in early pregnancy is coupled to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypotonicity. Arterial underfilling induces the nonosmotic stimulation of arginine vasopressin and upregulation of aquaporin 2 followed by trafficking of this water channel to the apical membrane of principal cells along the collecting ducts. In middle and late pregnancy, there also is a four-fold increase in vasopressinase, a cystine aminopeptidase produced by placental trophoblasts, which enhances the metabolic clearance of vasopressin. In the setting of preeclampsia, twins or triplets, or subclinical central diabetes insipidus, a transient diabetes insipidus may ensue from this vasopressinase-mediated degradation of N-terminal amino acids from the vasopressin molecule. Because desmopressin is already deaminated at the N-terminal, it is resistant to the effect of vasopressinase and therefore is the treatment of choice for transient diabetes insipidus of pregnancy.
Exploiting hardware sharing in high-level synthesis for partial scan optimization

A new approach to high level synthesis, which simultaneously addresses testability and resource utilization, is presented. We explore the relationship between hardware sharing, loops in the synthesized data-path, and partial scan overhead. Since loops make a circuit hard to test, a comprehensive analysis of the sources of loops in the data path, created during high level synthesis, is provided. The paper introduces the problem of breaking CDFG loops with a minimal number of scan registers. Subsequent scheduling and assignment avoid formation of loops in the data path by sharing the scan registers, while ensuring high resource utilization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique to synthesize easily testable data paths, with significantly less partial scan cost than a gate-level partial scan approach.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Model with Free Water Surface and Mesh Deformation for Local Sediment Scour

A numerical model for local sediment scour with free surface and automatic mesh deformation is constructed and numerical results are compared with experimental results. For the turbulence closure, the two equation k–e model is used. Two interfaces (water and air, water and sediment) in the domain are captured with different approaches. The free surface of the flow is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) scheme, which is an Eulerian approach. A new method for the VOF scheme is proposed to reduce the computational time while retaining relative accuracy. The behavior of the water-sediment interface (bed) is captured with a moving-mesh method, which is a Lagrangian approach. The flow field is coupled with sediment transport (both bed load and suspended load) using a quasi-steady approach. Good results have been obtained using the current model. The flow field is similar to the one observed in experiments. Scour patterns are similar to the experimental data as well. Large computational times are needed for...
Popular Development Economics—An Anthropologist among the Mandarins

In 1997, I found myself newly arrived at Oxford University. I was taking a detour from my path to do research in West Africa thanks to a fellowship that funded a year of ancillary training before my fieldwork. Though studying anthropology, I was at St. Antony's College, where Paul Collier's Center for the Study of African Economies is located, and was in the same entering cohort as Collier's now-famous student Dambisa Moyo (assuming I would not be able to remember her first name, she offered, “it sounds kind of like ‘pizza’”).
NEW MIOCENE OAK GALLS (CYNIPINI) AND THEIR BEARING ON THE HISTORY OF CYNIPID WASPS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract Two leaves of Quercus simulata Knowlton from the Miocene of Oregon each show a new type of cynipid gall. Antronoides cyanomontanus n. sp. is described from six elongate and narrowly spindle-shaped galls, 7.0 mm long, and 2.0 mm wide tapering to a narrow tip. They have expanded rim-like bases with most galls scattered throughout the midsection adjacent to or partially straddling a secondary vein. Antronoides oregonensis n. sp. is known from 20 galls, 4.0–5.0 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm wide and weakly clavate, appearing C-shaped with a rounded apex and circular to oval-shaped base. Galls occur primarily in the basal third of the leaf in a single file along each side of the midrib. Contrary to previous studies, we found A. schorni Waggoner and Poteet, A. polygonalis Waggoner, and A. cyanomontanus to be morphologically closer to Cynips cornifex Hartig on Q. pubescens (European white oak), whereas the new gall A. oregonensis most closely resembles X. clavuloides. The presence of Antronoides indicates the evo...
The Costs of Being a Child Care Teacher: Revisiting the Problem of Low Wages.

The demand for child care in the United States continues to grow, but child care workers’ wages remain minimal. Using examples within New Jersey, the author demonstrates how low wages impact child care quality and are directly related to the effects of the competitive marketplace. Various historical, regulatory, and cultural contexts also contribute to low wages, however. Because most child care workers are female, the author uses a feminist critical policy analysis lens to examine the gendered aspects of these contextual factors. The author argues that the gender-related issues within these contexts exacerbate the problem of low wages and also contribute to the intractability of the issue, particularly in terms of accessing policymakers’ agendas. The author concludes with a brief summary of issues that policymakers and advocates will need to keep in mind as they search for solutions to the problem of low wages.
YbAgxSi2−x [x = 0.28 (1)] with the tetragonal α‐ThSi2 structure type

Single crystals of the title compound, ytterbium silver silicide, were synthesized from the corresponding elements using a eutectic Ag/Si mixture as a solvent. Structure determination suggested the composition of the product to be YbAgxSi2−x [x = 0.28 (1)], i.e. a new ternary derivative of the α-ThSi2 structure type, which crystallizes in the body-centered tetragonal space group I41/amd. The two atoms in the asymmetric unit lie on special positions with Wyckoff symbols 4a (Yb), and 8e (disordered Ag and Si).
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a child with Niemann-Pick disease : imaging findings

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a metabolic disease in which cirrhosis is relatively common; however, there is no known association of NPD with hepatocellular carcinoma. We present a case of metastatic, multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in a 4-year-old boy with NPD and onset of cirrhosis in infancy.
Importance of the bifurcation zone and branch orientation in simulated aerosol deposition in the alveolar zone of the human lung

Abstract We developed two new three-dimensional models of aerosol transport and deposition representative of two generations in the alveolar zone of the human lung, one with the bifurcation area, and one without. The models were used to simulate particle trajectories of 1– 5 μ m particles in generations 18–22 of the human lung in different orientations with respect to gravity. Orientation had a significant effect on the overall deposition predicted, which varied by a factor of approximately 3 between the orientations with highest and lowest deposition. Total deposition was a function of orientation and the ratio of terminal settling velocity to mean lumen flow velocity. Predicted deposition was significantly greater in the model without the bifurcation than in the model with the bifurcation. We conclude that modeling the bifurcation is important due to the complex relationship between aerodynamic drag and gravitational sedimentation within the bifurcation zone.
Ranking viruses

Motivation: The extraordinary genetic and antigenic variability of RNA viruses is arguably the greatest challenge to the development of broadly effective vaccines. No single viral variant can induce sufficiently broad immunity, and incorporating all known naturally circulating variants into one multivalent vaccine is not feasible. Furthermore, no objective strategies currently exist to select actual viral variants that should be included or excluded in polyvalent vaccines. Results: To address this problem, we demonstrate a method based on graph theory that quantifies the relative importance of viral variants. We demonstrate our method through application to the envelope glycoprotein gene of a particularly diverse RNA virus of pigs: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Using distance matrices derived from sequence nucleotide difference, amino acid difference and evolutionary distance, we constructed viral networks and used common network statistics to assign each sequence an objective ranking of relative ‘importance’. To validate our approach, we use an independent published algorithm to score our top-ranked wild-type variants for coverage of putative T-cell epitopes across the 9383 sequences in our dataset. Top-ranked viruses achieve significantly higher coverage than low-ranked viruses, and top-ranked viruses achieve nearly equal coverage as a synthetic mosaic protein constructed in silico from the same set of 9383 sequences. Conclusion: Our approach relies on the network structure of PRRSV but applies to any diverse RNA virus because it identifies subsets of viral variants that are most important to overall viral diversity. We suggest that this method, through the objective quantification of variant importance, provides criteria for choosing viral variants for further characterization, diagnostics, surveillance and ultimately polyvalent vaccine development. Contact: tgoldberg@vetmed.wisc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations of the torsional mode for two acoustic viscometers with preliminary experimental tests

A rigorous analysis of the torsional modes in both a cylindrical wave guide and the associated static viscous fluid field has been conducted from the solid and the fluid wave equations and the coupled boundary conditions. As a result, two acoustic viscometer models, along with four independent equations connecting the density and the viscosity of the fluid with the attenuation and the phase velocity of the torsional wave in the wave guide, have been developed. The analysis shows that the product of the viscosity and the density of the fluid can be measured from the end reflection coefficient of the torsional wave in the wave guide and that both the viscosity and the density can be determined simultaneously from either the phase velocity or the attenuation of the torsional wave in a single cylindrical wave guide. For the simultaneous measurements of the viscosity and the density, the independent equations have to be solved numerically, for example, using Matlab (The MathWorks, Natick, MA), given either the attenuation or the phase velocity in the wave guide that is surrounded by the fluid. To demonstrate the technical feasibility, numerical simulations have been conducted to discern viscosity, phase velocity, and density, all versus attenuation, at different frequencies, and with variable dimension of a molybdenum rod, so that both the advantages and the disadvantages of the simultaneous measurements can be explored. In the end, to test the two models, preliminary experiments on two viscous standards were conducted at 23degC, and good agreements have been achieved between the viscosities measured from both models and for both standards.