cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of concurrent magnetic field and particle precipitation pulsations, 0.005 to 0.5 Hz, recorded near College, Alaska

Abstract Precipitation pulsations, as detected by the riometer, were studied together with induction magnetometer and earth current recordings of magnetic field pulsations. Type Pi (broadband) magnetic field pulsations were found to be well correlated with riometer pulsations in the same frequency range and abrupt onsets were simultaneous to within a few seconds. The results imply, at least for the evening-midnight impulsive events (Type Pi B ), that the first-arriving Pi waves originate in the ionosphere and are a consequence of the precipitation pulsations. Three Pc 1–2 events were found in the riometer pulsation records and the Pc 1–2 riometer pulsations lagged the magnetic field pulsations by 5–8 sec.
Incorporating behavior-based indices of connectivity into spatially explicit population models

Measuring connectivity in fragmented landscapes remains a central problem in ecology. Connectivity metrics range from descriptors of landscape structure to direct observations of a species' ability to move to and colonize a forest patch. We constructed individual-based spatially explicit population models for a guild of forest rodents in Indiana to test the ability of structural and actual, or behavioral, measures of connectivity to predict patch and landscape occupancy and abundance. Model accuracy was assessed using comparisons with data from trapping studies. Predicted abundances within patches correlated with empirical data for five out of six species, but predicted patterns of patch occupancy corresponded with observations for only one species. Discrepancies may be due to inaccurate parameter values or the absence from the models of ecological processes such as conspecific attraction and competition. Nonetheless, the models demonstrated the utility of patch immigration as a measure of connectivity in explaining population abundance in fragmented landscapes. We discuss potential methods of collecting these behavior-based data.
Making Room for Women of Color: Race and Gender Categories in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

Race and gender have never been more visible on the national political stage than during the 2008 U.S. presidential election, particularly during the months when Democratic Party rivals Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama battled in the party's state nomination caucuses and primaries. Clinton stood in for gender, representing all women, while Obama took his place in the category of race, standing in for all people of color. The success of these candidates and the addition of Sarah Palin as vice presidential nominee on the Republican ticket was a source of pride for many women and minority Americans. The “default” category for presidential candidates—the white male—had finally been displaced from the top of the ticket on the Democratic side and from the second in command for the Republicans.
The value of information and computer-aided information seeking: problem formulation and application to fiction retrieval

Abstract Issues concerning the formulation and application of a model of how humans value information are examined. Formulation of a value function is based on research from modelling, value assessment, human information seeking behavior, and human decision making. The proposed function is incorporated into a computer-based fiction retrieval system and evaluated using data from nine searches. Evaluation is based on the ability of an individual's value function to discriminate among novels selected, rejected, and not considered. The results are discussed in terms of both formulation and utilization of a value function as well as the implications for extending the proposed formulation to other information seeking environments.
Memory optimization in single chip network switch fabrics

Moving high bandwidth (10 Gb/s+) network switches from the large scale, rack mount design space to the single chip design space requires a re-evaluation of the overall design requirements. In this paper, we explore the design space for these single chip devices by evaluating the ITRS. We find that unlike ten years ago when interconnect was scarce, the limiting factor in today's designs is on-chip memory. We then discuss an architectural technique for maximizing the effectiveness of queue memory in a single chip switch. Next, we show simulation results that indicate that a more than two order of magnitude improvement in dropped packet probability can be achieved by re-distributing memory and allowing sharing between the switch's ports. Finally, we evaluate the cost of the optimized architecture in terms of other on-chip resources.
Stars with planets and the thick disc

We employ three samples of nearby stars that include stars hosting Doppler-detected planets to test a recent finding by Haywood that the incidence of planets is greater among transition and thick disc stars than it is among thin disc stars in the range [Fe/H] ≤− 0.20 dex; this implies that distance from the Galactic Centre is the causative factor for planet formation, not [Fe/H]. Thick disc stars with planets do have a smaller mean [Fe/H] value than thin disc stars over this range in [Fe/H], and the most [Fe/H]-poor stars with planets tend to have more negative V lsr values. However, if we compare stars with planets according to mass abundance of the refractory elements important for planet formation (Mg, Si, Fe), then thick disc and [Fe/H]-poor thin disc stars with planets have similar distributions. There is no need to invoke a new mechanism for giant planet formation to account for the distributions of stars with planets among dwarf stars.
7: Toward Comprehension of Curricular Realities:

This chapter reviews research on the curriculum for elementary and secondary education published in English during the period 1969-1975. Studies of particular curricula such as those for mathematics, social studies, the visually handicapped, the disadvantaged, and the like have been excluded from consideration for practical reasons: The volume of this literature is too great, and the literature is too scattered to permit a comprehensive review in the time and space available. Evaluation studies of particular curricula have been excluded for the same reason. The studies to be surveyed, therefore, have in common some sort of generality with regard to curricular elements; they all seek an understanding of curricula in general which transcends the characteristics of any single curriculum. All work concerned with curriculum matters must somehow cope with the fact that there is no consensus on just which matters are curricular and which are not, which are centrally curricular and which are only peripherally so. I have chosen to let those who have identified their work with the term "curriculum" define the initial boundaries of that term for this review. If an author
USE OF QUANTITATIVE HEPATIC SCINTIGRAPHY TO EVALUATE SPONTANEOUS PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNTS IN 12 DOGS

Quantitative hepatic scintigraphy is a valid means for estimating total liver blood flow and relative portal hepatic perfusion. The Hepatic perfusion index (HPI) was determined for a group of 12 dogs with portosystemic shunts prior to and two days after corrective surgery. HPI values for the dogs prior to operation were significantly elevated (p<0.001) as compared with those for a group of normal dogs, indicating reduced effective portal hepatic perfusion in dogs with shunts. Dogs showing a favorable clinical response after surgery had a significant decrease (p<0.02) in HPI values after operation. One dog showing a poor clinical response after operation had an increase in HPI score after operation. Quantitative hepatic scintigraphy is a valuable diagnostic test for screening presumptive cases of portosystemic shunts and monitoring the response to surgical intervention.
A Space–Time Code Design for CPM: Diversity Order and Coding Gain

Sufficient conditions are derived under which M-ary partial- and full-response continuous phase modulation (CPM) space-time (ST) codes will attain both full spatial diversity and optimal coding gain. General code construction rules are desirable due to the nonlinearity and inherent memory of the CPM signals which makes manual design or computer search difficult. Using a linear decomposition of CPM signals with tilted phase, we identify a rank criterion for M-ary partial- and full-response CPM that specifies the set of allowable modulation indices. We also propose a coding gain design criterion. Optimization of the coding gain for CPM ST codes is shown to depend on the CPM frequency/phase shaping pulse, modulation index, and codewords. The modulation indices and phase shaping functions that improve the coding gain are specified. Finally, optimization of coding gain for ST-CPM and orthogonal ST-CPM codewords is discussed.
Fully automated methods for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma and urine

Abstract LC assays utilizing fully automated sample preparation procedures on Zymark PyTechnology™ Robot and BenchMate™ Workstation for the quantification of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma and urine have been developed. After aliquoting plasma and urine samples, and adding internal standard (IS) manually, the robot executed buffer and organic solvent addition, liquid—liquid extraction, solvent evaporation and on-line LC injection steps for plasma samples, whereas, BenchMate™ performed buffer and organic solvent addition, liquid—liquid and solid-phase extractions, and on-line LC injection steps for urine samples. Chromatographic separations were carried out on Beckman Octyl Ultrasphere column using the mobile phase composed of 12% (v/v) acetonitrile and 88% of either an ion-pairing reagent (plasma) or 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (urine). The eluent from the column was monitored with UV detector (271 nm). Peak heights for HCTZ and IS were automatically processed using a PE-Nelson ACCESS*CHROM laboratory automation system. The assays have been validated in the concentration range of 2–100 ng ml −1 in plasma and 0. 1–20 μg ml −1 in urine. Both plasma and urine assays have the sensitivity and specificity necessary to determine plasma and urine concentrations of HCTZ from low dose (6.25/12.5 mg) administration of HCTZ to human subjects in the presence or absence of losartan.
Comparison of amounts and types of practice during rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury and stroke

Patients with acquired neurological deficits may capitalize on cortical reorganization to recover functional skills that have been lost. Research in neuroplasticity proposes that a high number of repetitions may lead to cortical reorganization. The purposes of this study were to quantify the number and type of activities performed by patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke in physical and occupational therapy sessions to determine whether (1) the number of repetitions approaches the numbers in neuroplasticity research, (2) there were differences based on patient diagnosis, and (3) patient or therapist characteristics affected the type or amount of activities performed. Forty-eight patient and forty provider subjects par- ticipated. One hundred seven therapy sessions were observed. Data from therapy sessions were counted and categorized. Nei- ther patient group approached the total number of repetitions neuroplasticity research suggests may be required for neuro- plastic change. Repetitions per session did not differ between groups. Subjects with TBI performed more repetitions per minute in three categories (total upper-limb repetitions, gait steps, and transfers) than subjects with stroke. Therapists with 15 years of neurological therapy experience instructed patients in fewer functional repetitions per minute than did therapists with 5 to 15 years of experience.
Free-energy model of asymmetry in side-chain liquid-crystalline diblock copolymers †

Side-chain liquid-crystalline-b-amorphous copolymers combine the thermotropic ordering of liquid crystals (LCs) with the physics of block copolymer phase segregation. In our earlier experiments, we observed that block copolymer order–order and order–disorder transitions could be induced by LC transitions. Here we report the development of a free-energy model to understand the interplay between LC ordering and block copolymer morphology in an incompressible melt. The model considers the interaction between LC moieties, the stretching of amorphous chains from curved interfaces, interfacial surface contributions, and elastic deformation of the nematic phase. The LC block is modeled with Wang and Warner's theory, in which nematogens interact through mean-field potentials, and the LC backbone is modeled as a wormlike chain. Free energy is estimated for various morphologies: homogeneous, lamellar, cylinder micelle, and spherical micelle. Phase diagrams were constructed by iteration over temperature and composition ranges. The resulting composition diagrams are highly asymmetric, and a variety of first-order transitions are predicted to occur at the LC clearing temperature. Qualitatively, nematic deformation energies destabilize curved morphologies, especially when the LC block is in the center of the block copolymer micelle. The thermodynamics of diblocks with laterally attached, side-on mesogens are also explored. Discussion focuses on how well the model captures experimental phenomena and how the predicted phase boundaries are affected by changes in polymer architecture. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2671–2691, 2001
The mechanics of slip transition at intermediate temperatures in -oriented NiAl single crystals. I. Experimental observations of the decomposition of a dislocations in Ni-44 at.% Al

Abstract Ni–44 at.% Al single crystals were studied after compressive deformation along the hard orientation between 700 and 825 K. In order to understand the mechanism of the slip transition occurring at intermediate temperatures, compression was performed at various strain rates and to various strain levels. Local decomposition of α dislocations was observed between 750 and 800 K. At 800 K (the slip transition temperature), complete decomposition occurs into α and α dislocations. Several unique features are associated with this decomposition event, such as the preference for near-edge line directions (for the α dislocations), significant strain softening between 800 and 900 K, and the effect of thermal activation in determining the extent of the actual decomposition event.
L1 endocytosis is controlled by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle stimulated by outside-in signaling by L1

Dynamic regulation of the cell surface expression of adhesion molecules is an important mechanism for controlling neuronal growth cone motility and guidance. Clathrin-mediated vesicular internalization of L1 via the tyrosine-based endocytosis motif YRSL regulates adhesion and signaling by this Ig superfamily molecule. Here, we present evidence that tyrosine-1176 (Y1176) of the YRSL motif is phosphorylated in vivo. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (p60src) is implicated in L1-mediated neurite outgrowth, and we find that p60src phosphorylates Y1176 in vitro. Phosphorylation of Y1176 prevents L1 binding to AP-2, an adaptor required for clathrin-mediated internalization of L1. mAb 74-5H7 recognizes the sequence immediately NH2-terminal to the tyrosine-based motif and binds L1 only when Y1176 is dephosphorylated. 74-5H7 identifies a subset of L1 present at points of cell-cell contact and in vesicle-like structures that colocalize with an endocytosis marker. L1-L1 binding or L1 cross-linking induces a rapid increase in 74-5H7 immunoreactivity. Our data suggest a model in which homophilic binding or L1 cross-linking triggers transient dephosphorylation of the YRSL motif that makes L1 available for endocytosis. Thus, the regulation of L1 endocytosis through dephosphorylation of Y1176 is a critical regulatory point of L1-mediated adhesion and signaling.
Claiming Ethnic Privilege: Aromanian Immigrants and Romanian Fascist Politics

Large numbers of Aromanian immigrants in Southern Dobruja joined the fascist Legion of the Archangel Michael during the early 1930s. Deterritorialised by population transfers and state-building in Greek Macedonia, they reterritorialised themselves as ethnic Romanians ‘coming home’ to colonise Southern Dobruja. This article situates the Aromanian turn to fascist politics within the problems they faced during migration. It argues that Aromanians used fascism to assert their identities as Romanians and to claim ethnic privileges that had been denied them as immigrants.
A Noncanonical Bromodomain in the AAA ATPase Protein Yta7 Directs Chromosomal Positioning and Barrier Chromatin Activity

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yta7 is a barrier active protein that modulates transcriptional states at the silent mating locus, HMR. Additionally, Yta7 regulates histone gene transcription and has overlapping functions with known histone chaperones. This study focused on deciphering the functional role of the noncanonical Yta7 bromodomain. By use of genetic and epistasis analyses, the Yta7 bromodomain was shown to be necessary for barrier activity at HMR and to have overlapping functions with histone regulators (Asf1 and Spt16). Canonical bromodomains can bind to acetylated lysines on histones; however, the Yta7 bromodomain showed an association with histones that was independent of posttranslational modification. Further investigation showed that regions of Yta7 other than the bromodomain conferred histone association. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip analyses revealed that the Yta7 bromodomain was not solely responsible for histone association but was also necessary for proper chromosomal positioning of Yta7. This work demonstrates that the Yta7 bromodomain engages histones for certain cellular functions like barrier chromatin maintenance and particular Spt16/Asf1 cellular pathways of chromatin regulation.
Learning and Legitimacy

This paper examines the theory of political legitimacy through the framework of psychological learning theory and the theory of cognitive dissonance. The concepts of primary and secondary reinforcement in cases of learning permit a general understanding of the growth of positive affect toward a political system. Cognitive dissonance theory allows us to understand how this general positive affect built up by a regime's actions produces the sub-set of attitudes called political legitimacy. In order to build a theory of political legitimacy on these foundations, it is necessary to conceive of government policy-making as a case of producing successful learning throughout a population.The diffuse, largely irrational nature of political legitimacy has made it difficult for political scientists to handle the concept systematically. That systems are or are not “legitimate” has been asserted numerous times, though often the precise definition of legitimacy employed has been at best vague and the indices of legitimacy unclearly stated. This paper attempts to meet the problem by setting forth a theory and a set of implicit indices of political legitimacy. After the general model has been explicated, I will specify several problems in the manipulation of political legitimacy. Finally, I will look at the relationship of governmental structure to these problems.Before consideration of the model two preliminary tasks must be performed: a definition of legitimacy and justification for discussing it. We may define political legitimacy as the quality of “oughtness” that is perceived by the public to inhere in a political regime.
Homotopy continuation for sparse signal representation

We explore the application of a homotopy continuation-based method for sparse signal representation in overcomplete dictionaries. Our problem setup is based on the basis pursuit framework, which involves a convex optimization problem consisting of terms enforcing data fidelity and sparsity, balanced by a regularization parameter. Choosing a good regularization parameter in this framework is a challenging task. We describe a homotopy continuation-based algorithm to find and trace efficiently all solutions of basis pursuit as a function of the regularization parameter. In addition to providing an attractive alternative to existing optimization methods for solving the basis pursuit problem, this algorithm can also be used to provide an automatic choice for the regularization parameter, based on prior information about the desired number of non-zero components in the sparse representation. Our numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm in accurately and efficiently generating entire solution paths for basis pursuit, as well as producing reasonable regularization parameter choices. Furthermore, exploring the resulting solution paths in various operating conditions reveals insights about the nature of basis pursuit solutions.
Small pore zeolite catalysts for furfural synthesis from xylose and switchgrass in a γ-valerolactone/water solvent

Abstract Small pore zeolites were evaluated as catalysts in the dehydration of xylose and biomass to furfural in a monophasic system of 90/10 γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water. Although the pore sizes were significantly smaller than the kinetic diameter of the sugars, furfural yields on the commercial SAPO-34 catalyst were 40% from xylose and 31% from switchgrass (considering total glucose and xylose moles). Furfural degradation with time was minimal. The SAPO-34 catalyst was recycled multiple times with only a 5% drop in furfural yield and no significant leaching of acid sites occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first time that real biomass has been converted with moderate yields to furfural using small pore zeolites.
Advising At The Millennium: Advisor Roles and Responsibilities

This is the first in a series of articles in which we will present the results of the NACADA Academic Advising Survey 2000. In this article, we focus upon the reported roles and responsibilities of academic advisors and examine them according to institutional type, mission, and size. Similarities and differences in the roles and responsibilities of professional-staff academic advisors and faculty advisors are also examined.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Chert Exploitation on Santa Cruz Island, California

Chert outcrops on eastern Santa Cruz Island were of vital importance to the inhabitants of the Santa Barbara Channel region because of their comparatively limited availablity elsewhere on the California Channel Islands. Temporally diagnostic artifacts and radiocarbon dates from associated shell middens suggest that chert quarries were exploited throughout the Holocene. The importance of these quarries has been well documented in regard to microlith production as part of the shell bead industry during the late Holocene. However, relatively little is known about local chert tool manufacture and exchange in earlier times. Systematic documentation of 26 known chert quarries, and sampling at associated shell middens on eastern Santa Cruz Island has resulted in the identification of significant spatial variability in chert exploitation through time. Whereas chert quarrying during the middle Holocene appears to have been opportunistic and dispersed throughout the landscape, comparable activities during the late Holocene became increasingly circumscribed as microlith production was intensified. These trends in chert procurement are interpreted in the context of temporal changes in subsistence, tool manufacture, and residential mobility on the northern Channel Islands, and have broad implications for spatial and temporal patterning in prehistoric lithic exploitation.
Abstract SY29-03: Regulation and function of the Hippo-YAP pathway in organ size, tumorigenesis, and metastasis

Regulation and function of the Hippo-YAP pathway in organ size, tumorigenesis and metastasis Kun-Liang Guan, Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, USA The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcription co-activator that plays a critical role in organ size control by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. YAP is a human oncogene amplified or overexpressed in some human cancers. YAP represents the major downstream of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. The Lats tumor suppressor kinase in the Hippo pathway phosphorylates and inactivates YAP. Recent studies have demonstrated regulation of the Hippo pathway by cell-cell contact, cell adhesion, and mechanical stress. Cell attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to cell physiology such as cell polarity, cell motility, and cell proliferation. In normal cells, loss of attachment to ECM induces a specific type of apoptosis, termed anoikis. In metastatic cancer cells, resistance to anoikis allows their survival in circulation and dispersion to distant anatomic sites leading to tumor metastasis. We have observed that cell detachment activates the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2 and leads to YAP phosphorylation and inhibition. The detachment-induced YAP inactivation is required for anoikis. Furthermore, actin and microtubule organization mediates Lats1/2 activation in response to cell detachment. Moreover, Lats2 downregulation is tightly associated with metastatic prostate cancer, indicating a role of the Hippo pathway in tumor metastasis. Our findings provide an important connection from cell attachment and cytoskeleton organization to cell proliferation, anoikis, and cancer metastasis through the Hippo pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY29-03. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY29-03
Abstract P107: Metabolic Syndrome and Human AT1R Expression in Transgenic Mice: Implications of Haplotype-dependent Transcriptional Regulation

Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to the pathophysiologies of cardiovascular and renal systems. Angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) mediates these effects, and genetic variations that increase AT1R can increase these pathological outcomes. Physiological variables like age or pathologies like the metabolic syndrome alter the transcriptional milieu of cells and can provide for feedback activation of genes. In this regard, we have identified two haplotype blocks of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hAT1R gene: haplotype II (Hap II: -810A, -713G, -214C, -153G) and I (Hap I: -810T, -713T, -214A, -153A). In clinical studies, Hap I is linked to human hypertension. We have generated transgenic mice (TG) with haplotypes-II and I of the hAT1R gene to study its regulation during metabolic syndrome (MetS). At baseline, ChIP assay shows increased RNA-Pol II binding (~1.6 fold higher) to the chromatin extracts from renal tissues of adult (4-6 months) male Hap I-TG mice with increased hAT1R expression (~6 fold higher). This was accompanied by higher baseline blood pressure in Hap I-TG mice (Hap I- 126±3 vs. Hap II- 115±4, p<0.05). To induce MetS, these mice were fed Western diet (45% Kcal from fat and carbohydrate each) for 12 wks. Change in body weight is higher (p<0.05) in Hap I (161.5 gm.) vs. Hap II (10.41.2 gm.) mice. MetS phenotype is characterized by increase in blood pressure that is significantly greater in Hap I mice (1362 vs. 1203 in Hap II). Transcription factors, p38/MAPK and STAT3, were induced by MetS to similar extent in both groups. However, MetS-induced up regulation of the hAT1R gene is significantly higher in vascular tissues of Hap I mice (≈6 fold), when compared to Hap II. Complementary experiments show increased inflammatory and redox markers in vascular tissues of Hap I mice, when compared to Hap II, during MetS; including, IL1 (2.2 fold), IL6 (1.8 fold), NOX1 (3.5 fold), VEGF (1.5 fold), and ICAM1 (14 fold). Thus, haplotype-dependent transcriptional regulation of the hAT1R gene causes increased hAT1R expression and blood pressure, in Hap I TG mice. Importantly, MetS exacerbates this differential gene-expression regulation, further increasing hAT1R and promoting a prooxidant/inflammatory milieu in mice with Hap I.
The Resurrection of Neutrality in Europe.

The collapse of the League of Nations as an instrument of collective security has called forth a series of politico-legal reactions, of which perhaps the most symptomatic of the crisis in the international order is the new neutrality policy of the small European states. This new policy was prompted by the collapse of the League of Nations sanctions against Italy. After withdrawal from the League had been seriously discussed in some of the small European states, and just before the lifting of the sanctions against Italy by the League, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland published a joint declaration, on July 1, 1936, containing in a veiled form a cancellation of the obligations under Article 16 of the Covenant of the League.
Ocular Lyme borreliosis as a rare presentation of unilateral vision loss.

Ocular Lyme borreliosis is a rare manifestation of Lyme disease. We describe a case of an 80-year-old woman who presented with a 1-month history of unilateral painless central vision loss. Based on a temporal artery biopsy, she was initially diagnosed with giant cell arteritis and treated with a 3-day course of high-dose intravenous steroids. A more detailed history uncovered multiple previous treatments for Lyme disease and residence in an endemic Lyme area. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with ocular Lyme borreliosis and treated with intravenous antibiotics. After 5 weeks of treatment, unilateral vision loss did not progress and optic disc oedema resolved.
Epidemiological Features of Epidemic Parotitis in Yibin County From 2003 to 2007

Objective To analyse the epidemic trend and pattern of mumps so as to provide scientific basis for controlling the disease.Method The data of mumps in Yibin County from 2003 to 2007 were analysed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 560 cases(no death) with an annual average incidence of 11.96/105 were reported during the period.59.29% cases concentrated from April to July every year.The sex ratio was 1.80(male):1(female).15 years old cases accounted for 88.75%.Children(living in kindergarten,child-center or at home)and students cases auounted for 91.96%.Conclusion Mumps is harmful to children in Yibin County.It is suggested that the government and relevant departments should strengthen health eduction,vaccination activities and inputs.
Aspects that Influence in the Quality of Life of People with Venous Ulcer

Background: Some studies claim that the presence of venous ulcers (VU) negatively impacts the quality of life (QOL) of people affected and it is a major public health problem. Healthcare of these people are complex and requires planning and involvement of the multidisciplinary team that knows the profile and demands of this population . Objective: To identify associations between socioeconomic, clinical and health aspects and quality of life (QOL) of people with venous ulcers (VU), through the Charing Cross Venous Ulcer (CCVUQ). Methods : This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in mix and family health units in Natal (42 units), Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (N=101). Were applied two instruments: a structured form on sociodemographic, clinical, and health, and the translated and validated CCVUQ in Brazil. A descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test, p-value <0.05 was used for analysis. Results: There was statistically significant association and indicative of worse QOL between total score with the place of origin of the north zone and pain presence; an emotional state with age until 59 years old and venous ulcer time less or equal to one year; aesthetics with age until 59 years old. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that age, origin, presence of pain, injury time and sleep interfere with the person´s QOL with VU. The research of sociodemographic, clinical and health factors is important to planning multidisciplinary actions because they can influence the person's QOL with VU.
Grundgesetze aus der technischen Wärmelehre der Gase

Ein Korper wird als gasformig bezeichnet, wenn seine Teilchen sich nach allen Seiten gleichmasig auszubreiten streben, bis sie durch feste Wande daran verhindert werden.
Labile and Invariable Valuations

The level of preparation of a system to meet uncertainty may be measured by invariable valuations of the system’s ingredients (for example, constant prices are used to measure economic potential, constant evaluations are used to measure some positions in chess, etc.). The labile valuations are used to measure situations where connection between the ingredients of the initial and final stages to certain extent is known (for example, market prices, evaluations of chessman in a certain situation, etc.).
Scott’s Shadow: “Proto Territory” in Contemporary Antarctica

This chapter examines how Antarctic history, and the ways in which it is told, provide frames in which Antarctica Rather than being a “safe” subject in Antarctica’s past, Glasberg argues that narratives of heroism in Antarctic exploration continue to resonate into the present. Antarctic ice extends an orientalist imaginary not through indigenous populations to be controlled, but rather through scientific categorization of nonhuman species, of neo- and nonbiological materials such as ice, wind, and sunlight, and under a Treaty System of environmental science management as de facto territorial control for resource potential. In this chapter, Glasberg makes provocative connections between the Heroic Era expeditions of Captain Robert Falcon Scott and others and the imperial politics that followed, using the concept of biopolitics as developed by Michel Foucault.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Sn,Zn)O Alloys

SnO exhibits electrical properties that render it promising for solar energy conversion applications, but it also has a strongly indirect band gap. Recent theoretical calculations predict that this disadvantage can be mitigated by isovalent alloying with other group II oxides, such as ZnO. Here, we have synthesized new metastable isovalent (Sn,Zn)O alloy thin films by combinatorial reactive co-sputtering and characterized their structural, optical, and electrical properties. The alloying of ZnO into SnO leads to a change of the valence state of the tin from Sn0 via Sn2+ to Sn4+, which can be counteracted by reducing the oxygen partial pressure during the deposition. The optical characterization of the smooth <10 at. % Sn1–xZnxO thin films showed an increase in the absorption coefficient in the range from 1 eV to 2 eV, which is consistent with the theoretical predictions for the isovalent alloying. However, the experimentally observed alloying effect may be convoluted with the effect of local variations of...
Women’s beliefs about the purpose and value of routine pelvic examinations

Background The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a pelvic examination be offered to asymptomatic women after an informed discussion with their provider. Although the adverse health outcomes that the examination averts were not delineated, the organization stated that it helps establish open communication between patients and physicians. Recent surveys have focused on obstetrician-gynecologists’ attitudes and beliefs about the examination, but the perspectives of women have not been well-characterized. Objective The purpose of this study was to better understand women’s beliefs about the purpose and value of routine pelvic examinations. Study Design We completed structured interviews with 262 women who were 21–65 years old who agreed to participate in a 50-minute interview about cervical cancer screening. Recruitment took place in outpatient women’s clinics at a public hospital and an academic medical center in San Francisco, CA. Women were shown an illustration of a bimanual pelvic examination and asked a series of closed-ended questions: if they knew why it was performed, if it reassured them of their health, and if they believed it helped establish open communication with their provider. Women were asked an open-ended question about their perception of the examination’s purpose. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify demographic predictors of responses. Results Approximately one-half of the participants (56%) stated that they knew the examination’s purpose. The most frequently cited reason was assurance of normalcy. Most of participants (82%) believed that the examination reassured them of their health. Approximately two-thirds of the participants (62%) believed that the examination helps establish open communication with their provider. In multivariate analyses, older age (≥45 years) independently predicted a higher likelihood of a belief that they knew the examination’s purpose (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–5.6) and a belief that it facilitates open communication (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.9). Non-white race also was associated with a belief that the examination helps facilitate open communication between patients and providers (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.1). Conclusion Approximately one-half of the women who participated in our study reported not knowing the purpose of the pelvic examination, yet most of them believed it to be of some value, especially reassurance of health. To achieve shared, informed decision-making, clinicians will need to communicate better to their patients the examination’s purpose.
Viral RNA Targets and Their Small Molecule Ligands

RNA genomes and transcripts of viruses contain conserved structured motifs which are attractive targets for small molecule inhibitors of viral replication. Ligand binding affects conformational states, stability, and interactions of these viral RNA targets which play key roles in the infection process. Inhibition of viral RNA function by small molecule ligands has been extensively studied for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) which provide valuable insight for the future exploration of RNA targets in other viral pathogens including severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV), influenza A, and insect-borne flaviviruses (Dengue, Zika, and West Nile) as well as filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg). Here, I will review recent progress on the discovery and design of small molecule ligands targeting structured viral RNA motifs.
Development of tactile and haptic systems for U.S. infantry navigation and communication

In this paper we discuss plans initiated to develop and evaluate multisensory displays (i.e. visual, haptic, tactile) to support dismounted (i.e., not in vehicle) Soldier movement, communication, and targeting. Human factors studies of an array of military operational roles have shown significant demand for focal visual attention that diminishes the capacity for task-sharing and attention allocation, especially in the context of unexpected changes and events. If other sensory modalities can be effectively used in a military environment, the benefit could be significant in increasing survivability, information flow, and mission achievement. We discuss operational task demands and two efforts supported from a 2010 SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) topic.
Addressing isolation challenges of non-blocking caches for multicore real-time systems

In multicore real-time systems, cache partitioning is commonly used to achieve isolation among different cores. We show, however, that space isolation achieved by cache partitioning does not necessarily guarantee predictable cache access timing in modern COTS multicore platforms, which use non-blocking caches. We find that special hardware registers in non-blocking caches, known as miss status holding registers, which track the status of outstanding cache-misses, can be a significant source of contention that is not addressed by conventional cache partitioning. We propose a hardware and system software (OS) collaborative approach to efficiently eliminate MSHR contention for multicore real-time systems. Our approach includes a low-cost hardware extension that enables dynamic control of per-core memory-level parallelism (MLP) by the OS. Using the hardware extension, the OS scheduler then globally controls each core’s MLP in such a way that eliminates MSHR contention and maximizes overall throughput of the system. We implement the hardware extension in a cycle-accurate full-system simulator and the scheduler modification in Linux 3.14 kernel. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the significance of the MSHR contention problem and the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
School and institutional effects on secondary education transitions in Mexico

Abstract This study investigates school and institutional effects on student transitions to upper secondary, higher education, and the labor market in Mexico. I focus on school and institutional effects related to school resources, level of decentralization, and type of curriculum. Under the framework of human capital and signaling theory, I propose that the decision to pursue upper secondary and higher education depends on two main factors: first are the perceived returns to education at a school of certain characteristics; and second, the institutional characteristics of the attended school, such as level of centralization and type of curriculum. Using fixed effects and logistic regression models, I find evidence that schools matter in Mexico to foster transitions from lower secondary education to upper secondary education, particularly for students in the third quintile of test scores and higher. Similarly, I find evidence of school size as an important explanatory variable for transition outcomes in upper secondary education. Also, the socioeconomic status of schools is important and institutional effects vary on each transition outcome for graduates from upper secondary education. I show that vocational education is only relevant for labor market entry when socioeconomic status is not considered.
Reference Correction to: Making Air Pollution Visible: A Tool for Promoting Environmental Health Literacy.

Background: Digital maps are instrumental in conveying information about environmental hazards geographically. For laypersons, computer-based maps can serve as tools to promote environmental health literacy about invisible traffic-related air pollution and ultrafine particles. Concentrations of these pollutants are higher near major roadways and increasingly linked to adverse health effects. Interactive computer maps provide visualizations that can allow users to build mental models of the spatial distribution of ultrafine particles in a community and learn about the risk of exposure in a geographic context. Objective: The objective of this work was to develop a new software tool appropriate for educating members of the Boston Chinatown community (Boston, MA, USA) about the nature and potential health risks of traffic-related air pollution. The tool, the Interactive Map of Chinatown Traffic Pollution (“Air Pollution Map” hereafter), is a prototype that can be adapted for the purpose of educating community members across a range of socioeconomic contexts. Methods: We built the educational visualization tool on the open source Weave software platform. We designed the tool as the centerpiece of a multimodal and intergenerational educational intervention about the health risk of traffic-related air pollution. We used a previously published fine resolution (20 m) hourly land-use regression model of ultrafine particles as the algorithm for predicting pollution levels and applied it to one neighborhood, Boston Chinatown. In designing the map, we consulted community experts to help customize the user interface to communication styles prevalent in the target community. Results: The product is a map that displays ultrafine particulate concentrations averaged across census blocks using a color gradation from white to dark red. The interactive features allow users to explore and learn how changing meteorological conditions and traffic volume influence ultrafine particle concentrations. Users can also select from multiple map layers, such as a street map or satellite view. The map legends and labels are available in both Chinese and English, and are thus accessible to immigrants and residents with proficiency in either language. The map can be either Web or desktop based. Conclusions: The Air Pollution Map incorporates relevant language and landmarks to make complex scientific information about ultrafine particles accessible to members of the Boston Chinatown community. In future work, we will test the map in an educational intervention that features intergenerational colearning and the use of supplementary multimedia presentations.
Local Regulation of Bone Cell Function

Coordinated actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are required to maintain the integrity of the skeleton. This is achieved, in part, by a highly regulated array of molecules that are present in the bone microenvironment: cytokines and growth factors. Some of these molecules are produced locally by immature and mature bone cells and act in the cells that synthesize them (autocrine) or in the cells in their vicinity (paracrine). Locally produced factors may affect mainly osteoclasts [i.e. tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11/receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF)], mainly osteoblasts [i.e. Wnts and insulin-like growth factor IGF)], or both cell types (i.e. interleukins and tumor necrosis factor). In addition, direct cell-cell interaction also contributes to the control of cell bone function. Cell-cell communication results from protein-protein interactions followed by activation of intracellular signaling pathways [such as Notch and ephrin-ephrin receptor (Eph)] or the formation of channels that allow the communication between the intracellular spaces of neighboring cells (such as connexin channels). Lastly, association of surface attachment molecules on the cell membrane with the extracellular matrix is essential for the regulation of osteoclast, osteoblast, and osteocyte survival and function.
U.S. military `R&D' through Soviet eyes

(1977). U.S. military ‘R&D’ through Soviet eyes. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 32-38.
The cognition of ‘nuisance’ species

Recent work in animal cognition has focused on how animals respond to new or changing environments. Although many species are currently in decline, other species are thriving in human-altered habitats by taking advantage of new resources and opportunities associated with anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, as a result, these same species are often in conflict with humans and treated as a nuisance. Therefore, cognitive abilities such as innovation and behavioural flexibility may, paradoxically, lead to the demise of especially adaptive individuals. Here we review what is known about the cognition of ‘nuisance’ species and ‘problem’ individuals to shed light on the struggles of coexistence with humans along disturbed landscapes. We take an in-depth look at several cognitive abilities that are hypothesized to be of critical importance for species that are successfully utilizing human-altered environments, including neophilia, boldness, categorization, innovation, memory, learning, social learning and behavioural flexibility, and examine evidence that these cognitive abilities may also bring animals into conflict with humans. We also highlight some examples of species that may be using cognitive mechanisms to change their behaviour to avoid conflict with humans. We then discuss the role of animal cognition in current mitigation strategies that have been developed to address human–wildlife conflict. Additionally, we consider the role that human behaviour and perception of animals might play in either worsening or lessening conflict with wildlife. Finally, we propose some directions for future research and suggest that empirical investigation of ‘nuisance’ animal cognition could reveal the cognitive mechanisms underlying adaptation to anthropogenic change as well as help mitigate human–wildlife conflict.