cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Market-Driven Education Reform and the Racial Politics of Advocacy

What is the landscape of the racial politics of public education in the age of Obama? To what factors can we attribute the seeming educational policy consensus from Washington, DC, to the states and from philanthropies and policy entrepreneurs in urban school districts? How should we understand opposition to the policy menu? This article examines commonsense understandings in education reform, which are supported by assertions that market-based schooling options are superior for children of color, and argues that a primary reason for the popularity of such reforms is an underexamined advocacy coalition, formed nominally around school choice, while also encompassing several other entrepreneurial educational reforms. The article describes the structure of this network, arguing that its dominance has precluded an understanding of counter advocacy against school choice and related reforms. It then describes several past and current movements that challenge commonsense understandings of the reforms’ currency, ...
Synthesis and characterization of hydrido-platinum(II) complexes containing mixed phosphine ligands

Abstract Several hydrido-platinum(II) complexes containing two non-equivalent phosphine ligands, [PtH(PC)(PR3)] (2) [where (PC) = But2PCMe2tCH2 and PR3 = PEt3, PPhi3, PBut2ME, PBu3, P(C[6H4-Me)3, P(OPh)3] have been prepared by the reaction sodium borohydride with the corresponding chloro-platinum(II) complexes, [PtCl(PC)(PR3)] (1). A trinuclear platinum cluster, [Pt(CO)(PBut3)]3, has been isolated from a similar reaction of sodium borohydride with [PtCl(PC)(CO)]. Complexes 2 have been characterized by their elemental analysis, infrared, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectral data. The trans-configuration has been assigned to these complexes on the basis of a 12 line 31P NMR spectra which shows large phosphorus-phosphorus coupling constants(2J(PP′) = 371–400 Hz). The trans-effect of the alkyl phosphines has been related to their steric parameters by measuring the platinum-phosphorus coupling constants (1J(PtP)) of the metallated phosphine present at the trans-position.
Effect of temperature on the terminal relaxation of branched polydimethysiloxane

Abstract The effect of long chain branching on the rheology of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was investigated. Due to the low glass temperature and high thermal stability of PDMS, the terminal relaxation could be measured at temperatures more than 270° above the polymer's glass temperature. Over the measured range, the data for all samples conformed to the time–temperature superposition principle and exhibited Arrhenius behavior. Activation energies, determined from the zero-shear viscosity of a linear and a commercial PDMS were equal to within the experimental error. Branching of the latter by chemical reaction did not change the temperature dependence of its terminal shift factors. This demonstrates that similar to polyisobutylene, but quite distinct from polyethylene, 1,4-polyisoprene, and 1,4-polybutadiene, long-chain branching does not affect the temperature dependence of the terminal rheology of PDMS.
Attitudes Toward the Geriatric Patient Among Family Practice Residents

For the Family Practitioner, elderly patients are a highly significant group. In the past, some health professionals have expressed negative attitudes toward the elderly. Thus a need exists to study specific factors that may influence a Family Practice resident's willingness to treat older patients. A Likert-type questionnaire was developed that utilized the Thurstone-Likert discrimination technique. Five categories were chosen for study: general attitudes, cost effectiveness, time and energy, therapeutic potential, and educational preparation. Responses of 150 Family Practice residents were then analyzed. The attitudes of the residents were significantly positive in all categories except Educational Preparation. Noteworthy was the finding that the attitudes improved from the first year through the third year of residency. This is the first medical specialty group to demonstrate such a trend. Certain negative attitudes observed in the Educational Preparation category re-emphasize the need for training programs to improve professional geriatric instruction.
The role of immunotherapy in the management of patients with malignant melanoma

Immunotherapy using a variety of agents may be beneficial in controlling accessible cutaneous melanoma metastases and may have potential for limiting the growth of systemic disease when used in the adjuvant setting. Approximately 20% of patients with metastases limited to the skin can be brought into complete remission with local, intralesional BCG immunotherapy. Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), vaccinia virus,C. parvum,and transfer factor have also been tested for activity in local immunotherapy. BCG, DNCB, and vaccinia virus appear to be the most effective. Adjuvant immunotherapy has shown some promise, particularly with regard to improvement in survival. In a study of adjuvant immunotherapy with BCG in patients with stage II disease, recurrence rates were similar, but of those patients who developed recurrences, those who received BCG lived significantly longer. Immunotherapy, used either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, has shown little or no activity in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
Ultraviolet radiation levels during the Antarctic spring

The decrease in atmospheric ozone over Antarctica during spring implies enhanced levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation received at the earth's surface. Model calculations show that UV irradiances encountered during the occurrence of an Antarctic "ozone hole" remain less than those typical of a summer solstice at low to middle latitudes. However, the low ozone amounts observed in October 1987 imply biologically effective irradiances for McMurdo Station, Antarctica, that are comparable to or greater than those for the same location at December solstice. Life indigenous to Antarctica thereby experiences a greatly extended period of summerlike UV radiation levels.
Congress and the Crisis of the 1850s. Edited by Paul Finkelman and Donald R. Kennon . (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2012. Pp. 231. $49.95.)

Were the 1850s years of glory for the United States Congress, when giants such as Clay and Webster strove vainly to forestall sectional conflict, or were they years when small men, in the name of s...
The effect of muscle paralysis using Botox on the healing of tendon to bone in a rat model.

Hypothesis Despite good clinical results after rotator cuff repair, follow-up studies show significant rates of failed healing. This may be because of excessive tension on the repaired tendon due to shoulder motion. We hypothesized that botulinum toxin A injections would result in improved attachment strength and collagen organization at the tendon-bone interface at early time points but may result in decreased mechanical properties at later time points because of the negative effects of stress deprivation. Materials and methods We performed division and repair of the supraspinatus tendon in 132 rats: 66 underwent repair alone and 66 received injections of botulinum toxin into the muscle before repair. Rats were killed at 4, 8, and 24 weeks and were evaluated by use of histologic, biomechanical, and micro–computed tomography analyses. Results At 4 and 24 weeks, there was no significant difference in load to failure between groups. At 8 weeks, the botulinum group had a significantly lower load to failure compared with controls (27.7 N vs 46.7 N, P Discussion Botulinum toxin A–treated specimens had increased collagen fiber organization at 4 weeks and decreased mechanical properties at later time points. The rapid healing of the rat rotator cuff likely makes it difficult to realize benefits from reduction in strain.
The ERP correlates of target checking are dependent upon the defining features of the prospective memory cues.

Abstract In some contexts, prospective memory (PM) is thought to be dependent upon strategic monitoring of the environment for relevant cues. Behavioral data reveal that strategic monitoring is associated with slowing of response time for ongoing activity trials when a prospective component is added to the task, and functional imaging data reveal that monitoring is associated with recruitment of the anterior prefrontal cortex and other cortical structures. In the current study, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the neural correlates of target checking, one process underlying strategic monitoring. Consistent with previous research the behavioral data revealed a Stimulus Specific Interference Effect, wherein slowing of response time varied depending upon whether PM cues were words or nonwords. The ERP data also revealed that the neural correlates of target checking were sensitive to the defining features of the PM cues (i.e., were a word or nonword). When PM cues were words, the effect of target checking was associated with variation in ERP amplitude beginning around 100 ms after stimulus onset. In contrast, when PM cues were nonwords, the effect of target checking on the ERPs did not emerge until around 200 ms after stimulus onset. These data provide support for the multi-process view of PM by demonstrating that the pattern of neural recruitment related to target checking is sensitive to the defining characteristics of the PM cues.
Interband optical transitions in doping superlattices

Abstract The absorption coefficient associated with interband transitions in doping superlattices is studied theoretically. Our calculations are based on a multiband effective-mass theory which simultaneously determines the electron and hole subband states self-consistency. Valence band mixing effects are calculated using a Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian. The absorption coefficients of both hetero- and homo-doping superlattices are evaluated from the complex dielectric function. The calculated absorption coefficients show that there are remarkable differences between our model and the conventional, uncoupled parabolic band model. Our results show that the valence band mixing can essentially eliminate the strong step-like structure in the absorption spectrum predicted by the conventional model. This suggests that the lack of an experimental observation of the step-like structure in the absorption spectrum may be due to valence band mixing and need not be attributed to potential fluctuations, spatial variations in the design parameters, or inhomogeneous excitation.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Capture, Archival, and Retrieval of Personal Experience

The guest editors discuss the CARPE project and elaborate on some of the articles contained in this special issue.
Nonadiabatic photofragmentation dynamics of BrCN

The photofragmentation dynamics of BrCN− in the 270–355 nm and the 430–600 nm wavelength regions is explored both experimentally and theoretically. In the case of excitation between 430 nm and 600 nm, it is found that the molecular ion accesses two dissociation channels with a measured 60:40 branching ratio that is nearly constant over this range of photon energies. The dominant product channel corresponds to Br− + CN, while the second channel correlates to spin-orbit excited Br* with CN−. A larger wavelength dependence of the branching ratio is observed at shorter wavelengths, where the fraction of Br− based products ranges from 80% to 95% at 355 nm and 270 nm, respectively. These branching ratios are reproduced and the mechanisms are explored by quantum dynamics calculations based on ground and excited state potential energy surfaces for BrCN−, evaluated at the SO-MRCISD level of theory. It is found that the electronic states that correlate to the two observed product channels are coupled through the spin-orbit terms in the electronic Hamiltonian. The strength of this coupling displays a strong dependence on the Br-CN angle. Specifically, after promotion to the excited state that is energetically accessible with 430–600 nm photons, it is found that when the wave packet accesses Br-CN separations of between 4 A and 6 A, predominantly the Br− + CN products are formed when the Br-CN angle is smaller than 120°. For larger values of the Br-CN angle, the Br* + CN− channel dominates. At the shorter wavelength excitation, the dynamics is complicated by a pair of states that correlate to electronically excited CN* + Br− products that borrow oscillator strength from the bright state, leading to an increase in the amount of Br− relative to CN−. The implications of these findings are discussed and compared to the experimentally measured product branching ratios for the photodissociation of BrCN−.
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells in Response to Dynamic Changes in Oxygen Tension: Effects of HIF-1α

Solid tumors are characterized by regions of low oxygen tension (OT), which play a central role in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Low OT affects mitochondrial function and for the cells to survive, mitochondria must functionally adapt to low OT to maintain the cellular bioenergetics. In this study, a novel experimental approach was developed to examine the real-time bioenergetic changes in breast cancer cells (BCCs) during adaptation to OT (from 20% to <1% oxygen) using sensitive extracellular flux technology. Oxygen was gradually removed from the medium, and the bioenergetics of metastatic BCCs (MDA-MB-231 and MCF10CA clones) was compared with non-tumorigenic (MCF10A) cells. BCCs, but not MCF10A, rapidly responded to low OT by stabilizing HIF-1α and increasing HIF-1α responsive gene expression and glucose uptake. BCCs also increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), which was markedly lower in MCF10A. Interestingly, BCCs exhibited a biphasic response in basal respiration as the OT was reduced from 20% to <1%. The initial stimulation of oxygen consumption is found to be due to increased mitochondrial respiration. This effect was HIF-1α-dependent, as silencing HIF-1α abolished the biphasic response. During hypoxia and reoxygenation, BCCs also maintained oxygen consumption rates at specific OT; however, HIF-1α silenced BCC were less responsive to changes in OT. Our results suggest that HIF-1α provides a high degree of bioenergetic flexibility under different OT which may confer an adaptive advantage for BCC survival in the tumor microenvironment and during invasion and metastasis. This study thus provides direct evidence for the cross-talk between HIF-1α and mitochondria during adaptation to low OT by BCCs and may be useful in identifying novel therapeutic agents that target the bioenergetics of BCCs in response to low OT.
Mucopolysaccharides synthesized by cultured glial cells derived from a patient with Sanfilippo A syndrome.

—Glial cells were cultured from brain tissue obtained at autopsy of a patient with Sanfilippo A syndrome. Mucopolysaccharides were labeled by culturing the cells in the presence of [35S]sulfate. After proteolysis, intracellular and media-elaborated mucopolysaccharides were fractionated by Dowex 1 chromatography. One fraction, identified as heparan sulfate by chromatographic, electrophoretic, and enzyme susceptibility properties, accumulated in Sanfilippo glial cells in greater amounts than in controls. Heparan sulfate was also excreted into the culture media by both Sanfilippo and normal cultures, and it constituted a major fraction of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides synthesized by glial cells. Sanfilippo and normal fibroblasts were also included in these studies for comparative purposes. Sanfilippo fibroblasts accumulated significantly increased amounts of heparan sulfate as compared to normal fibroblasts. Heparan sulfate was excreted into the culture media by Sanfilippo and normal fibroblasts in equivalent amounts, but in contrast to glial cells, it was only a minor component of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides produced. Cultured glial cells should provide a useful system for investigating the role of heparan sulfate in glial cell function.
Investigation of Grinding Process Simulation

Computer simulation is an important method to research the grinding mechanism and optimize the grinding process parameters. Especially in recent years as the development of computer calculation speed, the improvement of computer graphics theory and the gradual maturity of artificial intelligence technology, experts and scholars whose research subject related grinding had done a lot of work on grinding simulation. This paper describes the main contents grinding of the grinding simulation research work made in recent years. Include some of the key research results of the present grinding simulation, the major difficulties in grinding simulation and the research trends are summarized in this paper.
Social Validity and Naturalistic Ethics: Wolf and Quine

The use of social validity to better determine the values of persons affected by behavioral interventions has brought the issue of subjective measurement into the objective science of behavior analysis. But on what basis can agreement of relevant members of society affected by behavioral interventions also reflect the ethics of society? Quine’ s normative ethical relativism is presented as a possible answer to this question.
Cerebrospinal fluid glutamate concentration correlates with impulsive aggression in human subjects.

Neurochemical studies have pointed to a modulatory role in human aggression for various central neurotransmitters. Some (e.g., serotonin) appear to play an inhibitory role, while others appear to play a facilitator role. While recent animal studies of glutaminergic activity suggest a facilitator role for central glutamate in the modulation of aggression, no human studies of central glutaminergic indices have yet been reported regarding aggression. Basal lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from 38 physically healthy subjects with DSM-IV Personality Disorder (PD: n = 28) and from Healthy Volunteers (HV: n = 10) and assayed for glutamate, and other neurotransmitters, in CSF and correlated with measures of aggression and impulsivity. CSF Glutamate levels did not differ between the PD and HC subjects but did directly correlate with composite measures of both aggression and impulsivity and a composite measure of impulsive aggression in both groups. These data suggest a positive relationship between CSF Glutamate levels and measures of impulsive aggression in human subjects. Thus, glutamate function may contribute to the complex central neuromodulation of impulsive aggression in human subjects.
A stability analysis of fifth-order water wave models

Abstract We study the stability of traveling wave solutions to a fifth-order water wave model. By solving a constrained minimization problem we show that “ground state” traveling wave solutions exist. Their stability is shown to be determined by the convexity or concavity of a function d(c) of the wave speed c. The analysis makes frequent use of the variational properties of the traveling waves.
Mixing fingerprints for generating virtual identities

This work explores the possibility of mixing two different fingerprints at the image level in order to generate a new fingerprint. To mix two fingerprints, each fingerprint is decomposed into two different components, viz., the continuous and spiral components. After pre-aligning the components of each fingerprint, the continuous component of one fingerprint is combined with the spiral component of the other fingerprint image. Experiments on a subset of the WVU fingerprint dataset show that the proposed approach can be used to generate virtual identities from images of two different fingers pertaining to a single individual or different individuals.
Developing Preventive Mental Health Interventions for Refugee Families in Resettlement

In refugee resettlement, positive psychosocial outcomes for youth and adults depend to a great extent on their families. Yet refugee families find few empirically based services geared toward them. Preventive mental health interventions that aim to stop, lessen, or delay possible negative individual mental health and behavioral sequelae through improving family and community protective resources in resettled refugee families are needed. This paper describes 8 characteristics that preventive mental health interventions should address to meet the needs of refugee families, including: Feasibility, Acceptability, Culturally Tailored, Multilevel, Time Focused, Prosaicness, Effectiveness, and Adaptability. To address these 8 characteristics in the complex environment of refugee resettlement requires modifying the process of developmental research through incorporating innovative mental health services research strategies, including: resilience framework, community collaboration, mixed methods with focused ethnography, and the comprehensive dynamic trial. A preventive intervention development cycle for refugee families is proposed based on a program of research on refugees and migrants using these services research strategies. Furthering preventive mental health for refugee families also requires new policy directives, multisystemic partnerships, and research training.
Two Drosophila actin genes in detail. Gene structure, protein structure and transcription during development.

DNA fragments representing the six Drosophila actin genes have been isolated by recombinant DNA techniques. We have compared the transcriptional characteristics of the actin genes at the cytological loci 79B and 88F. The activity of each gene in vivo was examined using gene-specific probes from transcribed, but non-translated 3′ regions of each gene. The genes show similar patterns of transcriptional activity during development until the pupal stage, with two periods showing RNA accumulation at two to three hours and 12 to 15 hours during embryonic development, followed by large increases in the proportion of message from each gene in first and second instar larvae. During pupal development, the 88F gene apparently produces a larger proportion of transcripts than at any other developmental stage, while the transcripts of the 79B gene are reduced to a level lower than in first and second instar larvae. The 5′ end of each messenger RNA in larvae has been mapped by nuclease S1 digestion of hybrids between restriction fragments of genes and homologous mRNAs. The two genes display widely differing capacities to serve as templates for transcription in vitro in HeLa cell extracts. The complete DNA sequences of both genes including the flanking regions immediately 3′ and 5′ to the gene are presented. These data permit comparison of the DNA sequences of these Drosophila, actin genes with each other and with the DNA sequence and protein sequence information available for the actins of Drosophila and other organisms. These two genes share the common structural feature of an intervening sequence at amino acid 307, though the sequences within each intron differ greatly. This may be a reflection of a duplication event, followed by divergence of the intervening sequences. We discuss possible correlations between the DNA sequences of each 5′ flanking region and the differences in transcriptional characteristics of these two distinct but closely related genes.
Characterization and Safety of Uniform Particle Size NovaSil Clay as a Potential Aflatoxin Enterosorbent.

NovaSil (NS) clay, a common anti-caking agent in animal feeds, has been shown to adsorb aflatoxins and diminish their bioavailability in multiple animal models. The safety of long-term dietary exposure to NS has also been demonstrated in a 6-month sub-chronic study in rats and in a 3-month intervention in humans highly exposed to aflatoxins. Uniform particle size NovaSil (UPSN) is a refined material derived from parent NS; it contains lower levels of dioxins/furans, and has been selected for a more consistent uniform particle size. Nevertheless, the efficacy and potential safety/toxicity of UPSN for long term-use has not yet been determined. In this research, 4-week-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were fed rations free of clay (control) and containing UPSN at low dose (0.25%) and high dose (2%) for 13 weeks. AFB1 sorption characteristics remained the same for both clays. When compared to the control, total body weight gain was unaffected in either sex at the doses tested. No UPSN-dependent differences in relative organ weights or gross appearance were observed. Isolated differences between UPSN groups and the control were observed for some biochemical parameters and selected vitamins and minerals. None of these differences were dose-dependent, and all parameters fell between ranges reported as normal for rats less than 6 month old. The Na/K ratio, Na and vitamin E concentrations were the only parameters that were increased in both males and females in the low dose and high dose UPSN groups. Serum Zn levels in males from the 2% UPSN treatment were lower compared to the control. Serum K levels were lower in the males of UPSN groups than in the control. However, neither Na/K ratio, K, nor Zn values were dose dependent and fell outside ranges reported as normal. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of UPSN at levels as high as 2% (w/w) does not result in overt toxicity. Nevertheless, further research on the effects of clays on Na, Zn, K and vitamin E is warranted.
Comparison of a dual resonance model with spin with the reactions π + p → ω Δ + + , π − p → ω n , π − p → ρ 0 n , and π − p → B − p

The model for $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\omega}N$ scattering constructed in a previous paper is applied to the four quasi-two-body reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}n$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}n$, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{B}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$. It is found that reasonable agreement with the data is obtained for the features of the model which do not involve the $B$ meson. It is also found that $B$ exchange is too small to account for the unnatural-parity contribution to the two $\ensuremath{\omega}$-production reactions, indicating that the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\rho}$ cut might be important in these processes.
Implementation of Village Self-Help Projects in the Kyrgyz Republic

Summary Using data from remote villages in the Kyrgyz Republic, the contribution of sociopolitical and geographic characteristics of the villages to the implementation of village self-help projects is analyzed. Results indicate that within this subset of small, remote villages, population size, the presence of strong labor unions, ethnic homogeneity, the presence of a sizeable refugee population, and geographic isolation from administrative centers all contribute positively to project implementation. Access to transportation and information, proximity to market centers, relative income levels, and the condition of existing infrastructure are not found to play a significant role in project implementation.
Simultaneous selectivity optimization of mobile and stationary phases in reversed-phased liquid chromatography for isocratic separations of phenylthiohydantoin amino acid derivatives

A mixture-design statistical technique has been used to optimize simultaneously the selectivity of both mobile and the stationary phases for the isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of phenylthiohydantoin derivatives of the 20 common amino acids. This approach permits the fine tuning of selectivity to achieve the rapid separation of this relatively complex mixture with maximum resolution between the various components. An optimum isocratic reversed-phase separation has been achieved in 13 min with a minimum resolution of 1.1 for all component peak pairs. The system uses an optimum combination of four mobile phase solvents (aqueous acids, methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) and three stationary-phase packings (C8- CN-, phenethyl-modified silica) to obtain various separation goals.
Cholecystectomy in patients aged 80 and older

Abstract Background: We assessed whether the increase in performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has affected patients aged 80 and older and if outcomes of a laparoscopic approach in this population would show improvement over those for open surgery. Methods: We analyzed an 11-state discharge database obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Release 1 contains a 20% sample of United States hospitals for the period 1988 to 1992. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) codes 197 and 198 were searched, and demographics, type of surgery, and outcome measures were analyzed. Results: In 5 years, 350,451 patients underwent cholecystectomy with the DRG codes listed. Of those, 18,500 patients were aged 80 to 105. The total number of cholecystectomies increased each year. Performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy rose rapidly and that of open cholecystectomy decreased. Overall mortality with laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 1.8%, was lower than that of open cholecystectomy, was lower in women, and decreased with time. Conclusions: Patients aged 80 and older have participated in the increased performance of cholecystectomy and the switch to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This has a low mortality, low length of stay, and higher proportion of patients being discharged to home compared with patients having open cholecystectomy.
Altern und Hormone

Altern stellt einen synoptischen Prozess dar aus der Interaktion genetischer, biochemischer sowie endokriner Faktoren bei nachlassenden Hormonfunktionen. Experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Hormondefizite den Alterungsprozess z. T. initiieren und begleiten und auch allein spezifische, typische Altersveranderungen verursachen konnen. Obwohl weltweit zahlreiche Menschen bereits Hormone als “Jungbrunnen und Antiager” in Form von Nahrungserganzung unkontrolliert einnehmen, fehlen uns fur zahlreiche Zusammenhange noch die klaren wissenschaftlichen Belege, welche kunftig durch die Geronto-Endokrinologie thematisiert werden.
Comparison between interphase and metaphase cytogenetics in detecting chromosome 7 defects in hematological neoplasias

Monosomy 7 (-7) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities found in the leukemic cells of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Because patients with -7 have a poor prognosis, their identification is important for treatment planning. Conventionally, -7 is detected by the G-banding technique. This study examines the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) methodology to detect -7 cells in interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes. Fifteen AML or MDS patients whose leukemic cells were found to have -7 by G-banding at disease presentation were studied. In 13 of these patients, -7 could be detected in interphase by FISH using a chromosome 7-specific centromeric DNA probe. The two patients whose leukemic cells were not detectable by interphase FISH had -7 and t(1q;7p), which were detectable by FISH in metaphase using a chromosome 7-specific painting probe. Metaphase FISH was particularly useful in further defining chromosome 7 defects in cells that contained aberrant or marker chromosomes. For example, in 6 patients, chromosome 7 sequences were detectable in aberrant or marker chromosomes by metaphase FISH, but not by G-banding. These results suggest that metaphase FISH is an important adjunct to conventional cytogenetic methods for defining chromosome 7 abnormalities in AML and MDS patients. Furthermore, interphase FISH is useful for follow-up studies in patients who are found informative for the FISH study at presentation.
A microflow cytometer on a chip

A rapid, automated, multi-analyte Microflow Cytometer is being developed as a portable, field-deployable sensor for onsite diagnosis of biothreat agent exposure and environmental monitoring. The technology relies on a unique method for ensheathing a sample stream in continuous flow past an interrogation region where optical fibers provide excitation and collect emission. This approach efficiently focuses particles in the interrogation region of the fluidic channel, avoids clogging and provides for subsequent separation of the core and sheath fluids in order to capture the target for confirmatory assays and recycling of the sheath fluid. Fluorescently coded microspheres provide the capability for highly multiplexed assays. Optical analysis at four different wavelengths identified six sets of the coded microspheres recognizing Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonella as well as cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), and ricin, and assay results were compared with those of a commercial Luminex analysis system.
How the Story is Told and Who is Telling: Reading Li Bai's "Ballad of Changgan" and "Ballad of Jiangxia"

(1994). How the Story is Told and Who is Telling: Reading Li Bai's 'Ballad of Changgan' and 'Ballad of Jiangxia' Tang Studies: Vol. 1994, No. 12, pp. 39-55.
Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy of the Fluorene Cation

The fluorene cations, C13H10+ and C13D10+, have been formed by both electron impact ionization and vacuum ultraviolet photoionization, deposited in an argon matrix at 12K and studied via Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy. Harmonic vibrational frequencies have been calculated using density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) and vibrational band assignments made. Good agreement is found. Dramatic differences have been observed in the infrared band intensities of the cations compared to their neutral parents. Two excited electronic band systems have been observed and compared with previous photoelectron spectroscopic results. New calculations of the fluorene cation excited states have been performed using configuration interaction singles (CIS), CIS with a doubles correlation correction (CIS(D)), time-dependent Hartree−Fock (TDHF), and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with SVWN, BLYP, and B3LYP functionals. Theoretically, 12 low-lying excited states ...
Using Active Homework in Physical Education

(2003). Using Active Homework in Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 28-32.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNMASKED BY AN UNUSUAL ARRHYTHMIA.

Abstract A case is presented of second degree sinoatrial block with Wenckebach periods, and a rate-conditioned left bundle branch block masking an acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction which is revealed in the normally conducted beats occurring in the pauses caused by the second degree sinoatrial block. The mechanisms underlying this unusual tracing are discussed.
Effects of a computerized provider order entry system on clinical histories provided in emergency department radiology requisitions.

Purpose The provided clinical history can affect the interpretation of radiologic examinations, especially in the emergency department context. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of computerizing the radiology requisition process on the information contained in provided clinical histories. Methods Requests for abdominal computed tomographic examinations from the emergency department for 10-day periods before and after the switch from a paper-based to a computerized requisition system were examined. Requisitions were individually rated for information on signs and symptoms, prior diagnoses, abnormal test results, and clinical questions. Post hoc analysis of the lengths of provided histories was also performed. Results Requests from the computerized system were significantly more likely than paper-based requests to contain clinical questions (52.6% vs 34.8%; P P = .0027). No significant difference was seen for information regarding signs and symptoms or abnormal test results. Computerized histories also tended to be longer then paper-based histories (71.2 vs 49.6 characters). Conclusions A computerized radiology requisition system can result in more clinical history information being provided. Radiologists should seek to further improve the interfaces with which referring physicians provide such information and test that these refinements are having the desired effect.
Kinesthetically connecting students to power produced by photovoltaic panels

Educating the public about photovoltaics as a power-producing technology has proven to be challenging. Qualities a person associates with power production like motion, sound, smoke, and vibration are not present with photovoltaics panels as there are none of the moving parts commonly associated with power production. To assist students in connecting with solar power, we help them feel the power by pedaling a bike to power a generator and then comparing their output to that of a nearby solar panel. This connects the student kinesthetically instead of through the abstraction of power represented by numbers and units.
Cognitive science artificial intelligence: Simulating the human mind to achieve goals

This paper provides a general overview of the interdisciplinary study of cognitive science, specifically the area of the field involving artificial intelligence. In addition, the paper will elaborate on current research for cognitive science artificial intelligence, highlight the importance of this research by providing specific examples of its applications in present society, and briefly discuss future research opportunities for the overlapping fields of cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
An application of Davis' «Model for a vendor study»

Abstract A study was conducted by the Acquisitions Department of Hunter Library at Western Carolina University of the eleven American book dealers used regularly by the department. The purpose of this study was to evaluate their performance in relation to our library's needs in order to determine which of those companies studied would receive the bulk of our future orders. As a result of the study, three suppliers with inordinately low scores were dropped by the library. Another vendor will be receiving substantially more of our business than ever before. The department will extend this study through 1984 during which time approximately 50% of the annual monographic book orders will be studied.
Revision of Parancylodiscoides Caballero y C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae), with a redescription of P. longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) from the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet) (Acanthuroidei: Ephippidae) in the Gulf of Mexico.

The generic diagnosis of Parancylodiscoides Caballero y C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae), with three valid species, was amended to include dactylogyrids having: a haptor with dorsal and ventral anchor/bar complexes, 14 hooks (seven pairs) and four reservoirs (two pairs); a dorsal bar with bifurcate ends; hooks with protruding, blunt and slightly depressed thumbs and undilated shanks; a dextroventral vaginal aperture leading to an elongate and oblique vaginal vestibule; a germarium dextral to the testis; a vas deferens looping the left intestinal caecum; a copulatory complex lacking an accessory piece; and two intestinal caeca lacking diverticula and united posterior to the gonads. Parancylodiscoides is most similar to Sundatrema Lim & Gibson, 2009, from which it differs only by the position of the vaginal aperture (sinistroventral in Sundatrema spp.) and by lacking a sucker-like genital pore. New information concerning the number and distribution of haptoral hooks, the relative positions of the gonads and the course of the vas deferens was provided for the type-species, P. chaetodipteri Caballero y C. & Bravo-Hollis, 1961. Parancylodiscoides longiphallus (MacCallum, 1915) Lim & Gibson, 2009 was redescribed based on specimens collected from the Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber from the Gulf of Mexico off Mississippi and Guaratuba Bay, Parana, Brazil; its occurrence on the Atlantic spadefish from the Gulf of Mexico, Guaratuba Bay and off Puerto Rico represented new geographical records for this helminth. Parancylodiscoides caballerobravorum Cezar, Luque & Amato, 1999 was considered a junior subjective synonym of P. longiphallus. The monotypic Isohaliotrema Young, 1968 was placed in synonymy with Parancylodiscoides and its type-species, I. platacis Young, 1968, transferred to Parancylodiscoides as Parancylodiscoides platacis (Young, 1968) n. comb.
Echocardiographic parameters to predict inadequate defibrillation safety margin in patients receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators for primary prevention

Background Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become an important part of the management of patients with congestive heart failure. At the time of ICD implantation, ventricular fibrillation (VF) is induced to assess adequate energy required for defibrillation. There are multiple parameters which influence the defibrillation safety margin (DSM); however, these factors are not well-established when ICDs are implanted for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with severe systolic dysfunction. We evaluated multiple clinical and echocardiographic parameters as predictors of adequate DSM in patients referred for ICD implantation for the primary prevention of SCD.
Coaching Communication Partners: A Preliminary Investigation of Communication Intervention During Mealtime in Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome (RTT) occurs primarily in females and is characterized by deficits in cognition, communication, hand use and ambulation. This quasi-experimental study explored the use of a coaching p...
Eating patterns, physical activity, and attempts to change weight among adolescents

Objective: To determine eating patterns and demographic and dietary factors associated with adolescents' attempts to change weight. Methods: Data from students participating in the Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) were analyzed. Race, age, school grade, academic achievement, gender, body image, eating patterns, level of exercise, participation in team sports, cigarette use, diet pill use, and vomiting were examined. The weighted sample included 3055 students: 49% female and 78% white. Mean age was 16 years (±1.2 years). Associations were measured using Spearman's r , Chi-square, Mantel-Haenszel test for trend, and logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 61.5% of females and 21.5% of males reported trying to lose weight; 6.8% of females and 36.3% of males were trying to gain weight. There was a strong correlation ( r = 0.62, p Conclusions: High-calorie food consumption and exercise were associated with attempts at weight change. Unhealthy eating to change weight highlights the need for effective nutrition and weight counseling among adolescents.
HOW TO HEAL A WOUND FAST

An overview of the therapeutic possibilities of acute wounds, ulcers, and infected or colonized wounds is given. This article reviews therapeutic approaches and nonsurgical dermatologic treatments in particular. The types of wounds discussed include acute wounds, infected acute wounds, chronic wounds, infected and colonized chronic wounds, and incurable wounds.
ON A TRACE INEQUALITY

Abstract Let A and B be positive operators and p, α, s ⩾ 0. Assume either (1) A ⩾ B and β ⩾ max−½(p + 2α), − ½(1 + 2α), or (2) A and B are invertible with log A ⩾ log B and β ⩾ −α. Then, for any continuous increasing function ƒ on ℝ+ with ƒ(0) = 0, the trace inequality Tr ƒ(Aβ(AαBpAα)sAβ) ⩽ Tr ƒ(A(p+2α)s+2β) holds. This generalizes both a trace inequality due to Kosaki and one due to Furuta.
Apollo astronaut supports return to the Moon

Nearly 40 years after the Apollo 17 Moon launch on 7 December 1972, former NASA astronaut Harrison Schmitt said there is “no question” that the Moon is still worth going to, “whether you think about the science of the Moon or the resources of the Moon, or its relationship to accelerating our progress toward Mars.” Schmitt, a geologist and the lunar module pilot for that final Apollo mission, was speaking at a 6 December news briefing about lunar science at the AGU Fall Meeting. “By going back to the Moon, you accelerate your ability to go anywhere else,” Schmitt said, because of the ability to gain experience on a solar system body just a 3-day journey from Earth; test new hardware and navigation and communication techniques; and utilize lunar resources such as water, hydrogen, methane, and helium-3. He said lunar missions also would be a way “to develop new generations of people who know how to work in deep space. The people who know how to work [there] are my age, if not older, and we need young people to get that kind of experience.” Schmitt, 77, said that a particularly interesting single location to explore would be the Aitken Basin at the Moon's south pole, where a crater may have reached into the Moon's upper mantle. He also said a longer duration exploration program might be able to explore multiple sites.
Construction and Validation of a Low-Cost Laparoscopic Simulator for Surgical Education

Abstract Introduction To construct a trainer that would achieve the equivalent goals of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) trainer at an economical cost. A validation study comparing our homemade (HM) trainer vs the FLS trainer was performed. A literature search as well as a price comparison with other commercially available laparoscopic trainers is presented. Methods The HM laparoscopic trainer was constructed using a prefabricated hard plastic frame with a vinyl plastic sheet affixed as the roof. A row of light-emitting diode lights and a charge-coupled device camera were mounted on the inside roof of the frame. Electrical wires were spliced to supply power to both the light-emitting diode lights and the camera. The charge-coupled device camera was connected to a liquid crystal display screen which was affixed directly across from the user. Subjects were prospectively randomized to perform the 5 tasks put forth by the McGill Inanimate System for Training and Evaluation of Laparoscopic Skills on both the HM trainer and the FLS trainer (pegboard transfer, pattern cut, placement of ligating loop, extracorporeal knot suture, and intracorporeal knot suture). Simple paired t test was performed to compare times between the trainers. Setting The construction of the trainer and the validation study were performed at the Central Michigan University College of Medicine Department of Simulation. Participants Subjects consisted of third- and fourth-year medical students (n = 30). Results A laparoscopic trainer box was constructed and assembled in 2 hours. The HM trainer cost $309 representing a cost savings of $1371. Results of the validation study demonstrated no statistical difference in times to complete 3 out of the 5 tasks as well as no difference in total time to complete all 5 tasks (p value Conclusion Valid laparoscopic simulators can be constructed at an economical cost.