cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of tachygastria recorded during motion sickness

Abstract The purpose of the present experiment was to study frequency changes in gastric myoelectric activity of healthy human subjects and the development of symptoms of motion sickness as brought about by vection or illusory self-motion. Fifteen fasted healthy human subjects were seated inside a circular vection drum, the rotation of which produces visual signals of self-motion that are in conflict with vestibular signals (i.e., mismatched sensory input). An electrogastrogram was obtained for three 15-min periods: baseline, rotation, and after drum rotation stopped. Respiration, symptoms volunteered by subjects, and a continuous measure of intensity of symptoms were recorded. Five subjects showed a continuation of normal 3-cycles/min activity during drum rotation and reported no symptoms of motion sickness. Ten subjects showed a shift of their dominant gastric frequency from 3 cycles/min to 4–9 cycles/min during drum rotation and reported symptoms of motion sickness. Running spectral analysis revealed a close correspondence over time between tachygastria and reports of symptoms of motion sickness.
Modelling how vegetation cover affects climate change impacts on streamflow timing and magnitude in the snowmelt-dominated upper Tuolumne Basin, Sierra Nevada

We investigated, through hydrologic modelling, the impact of the extent and density of canopy cover on streamflow timing and on the magnitude of peak and late summer flows in the upper Tuolumne basin (2600–4000 m) of the Sierra Nevada, California, under current and warmer temperatures. We used the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model for the hydrologic modelling of the basin, assuming four vegetation scenarios: current forest (partial cover, 80% density), all forest (uniform coverage, 80% density), all barren (no forest) and thinned forest (partial cover, 40% density) for a medium-high emissions scenario causing a 3.9 °C warming over a 100-year period (2001–2100). Significant advances in streamflow timing, quantified as the centre of mass (COM) of over 1 month were projected for all vegetation scenarios. However, the COM advances faster with increased forest coverage. For example, when forest covered the entire area, the COM occurred on average 12 days earlier compared with the current forest coverage, with the rate of advance higher by about 0.06 days year−1 over 100 years and with peak and late summer flows lower by about 20% and 27%, respectively. Examination of modelled changes in energy balance components at forested and barren sites as temperatures rise indicated that increases in net longwave radiation are higher in the forest case and have a higher contribution to melting earlier in the calendar year when shortwave radiation is a smaller fraction of the energy budget. These increases contributed to increased midwinter melt under the forest at temperatures above freezing, causing decreases in total accumulation and higher winter and early spring melt rates. These results highlight the importance of carefully considering the combined impacts of changing forest cover and climate on downstream water supply and mountain ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and Functional Features of a Developmentally Regulated Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein

ABSTRACT Mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding proteins (LBPs) occur mainly in extracellular fluids and promote LPS delivery to specific host cell receptors. The function of LBPs has been studied principally in the context of host defense; the possible role of LBPs in nonpathogenic host-microbe interactions has not been well characterized. Using the Euprymna scolopes-Vibrio fischeri model, we analyzed the structure and function of an LBP family protein, E. scolopes LBP1 (EsLBP1), and provide evidence for its role in triggering a symbiont-induced host developmental program. Previous studies showed that, during initial host colonization, the LPS of V. fischeri synergizes with peptidoglycan (PGN) monomer to induce morphogenesis of epithelial tissues of the host animal. Computationally modeled EsLBP1 shares some but not all structural features of mammalian LBPs that are thought important for LPS binding. Similar to human LBP, recombinant EsLBP1 expressed in insect cells bound V. fischeri LPS and Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with nanomolar or greater affinity but bound Francisella tularensis LPS only weakly and did not bind PGN monomer. Unlike human LBP, EsLBP1 did not bind N. meningitidis LOS:CD14 complexes. The eslbp1 transcript was upregulated ~22-fold by V. fischeri at 24 h postinoculation. Surprisingly, this upregulation was not induced by exposure to LPS but, rather, to the PGN monomer alone. Hybridization chain reaction-fluorescent in situ hybridization (HCR-FISH) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) localized eslbp1 transcript and protein in crypt epithelia, where V. fischeri induces morphogenesis. The data presented here provide a window into the evolution of LBPs and the scope of their roles in animal symbioses. IMPORTANCE Mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is implicated in conveying LPS to host cells and potentiating its signaling activity. In certain disease states, such as obesity, the overproduction of this protein has been a reliable biomarker of chronic inflammation. Here, we describe a symbiosis-induced invertebrate LBP whose tertiary structure and LPS-binding characteristics are similar to those of mammalian LBPs; however, the primary structure of this distantly related squid protein (EsLBP1) differs in key residues previously believed to be essential for LPS binding, suggesting that an alternative strategy exists. Surprisingly, symbiotic expression of eslbp1 is induced by peptidoglycan derivatives, not LPS, a pattern converse to that of RegIIIγ, an important mammalian immunity protein that binds peptidoglycan but whose gene expression is induced by LPS. Finally, EsLBP1 occurs along the apical surfaces of all the host9s epithelia, suggesting that it was recruited from a general defensive role to one that mediates specific interactions with its symbiont.
On the X‐Ray Coloration of Thermally Bleached γ‐Irradiated Sodium Chloride and Evidence for Perturbed F‐Band

γ-irradiated sodium chloride crystals (irradiated into the second stage), on partial thermal bleaching at moderate temperatures (160°–200 °C) show the evolution of an absorption band, which has the characteristic properties of a colloid band. Further thermal bleaching leaves the crystals colorless. When such partially or completely thermally bleached crystals are X-irradiated at room temperature, they show enhanced colorability and give evidence for the presence of perturbed F-centers. A significant difference between the effects of soft and hard X-radiation is observed. The results are discussed in the light of the mechanism of color center production by radiation. γ-bestrahlte NaCl-Kristalle (die bis in die zweite Stufe bestrahlt wurden), zeigen bei teilweisem thermischen Ausbleichen bei mittleren Temperaturen (160°–200 °C) die Entwicklung einer Absorptionsbande. die die charakteristischen Eigenschaften einer Kolloidbande aufweist. Ein weiteres Ausbleichen last die Kristalle farblos werden. Setzt man solche thermisch teilweise oder vollkommen gebleichten Kristalle bei Zimmertemperatur einer Rontgenbestrahlung aus, so besitzen sie eine erhohte Verfarbbarkeit und weisen auf das Vorhandensein gestorter F-Zentren hin. Man merkt einen bedeutenden Unterschied zwischen den Wirkungen der weichen und der harten Rontgenstrahlung. Die Ergebnisse werden mit dem Erzeugungsmechanismus von Farbzentren durch Bestrahlung gedeutet.
Converter Mutation Disrupts Lever arm Rotation in Myosin V

Myosins are proposed to utilize a conserved structural mechanism to generate force in which small conformational changes in the active site result in a large swing of the lever arm or light chain binding region. The converter domain is a flexible region that provides a link between the catalytic domain and lever arm and is proposed to play a critical role in the allosteric communication between these two domains. We introduced the R712G mutation in the converter domain and examined the impact of this mutation on the structural and functional properties of myosin V. The mutation resulted in a 16% reduction in the maximum actin-activated ATPase rate and no change in the actin concentration at which the ATPase activity is one-half maximal (KATPase). The sliding velocities examined in the in vitro motility assay were very similar between WT and R712G MV. We have developed a novel FRET system in myosin V (MV) that allows examination of the dynamics of lever arm motion. We labeled MV 11IQ containing an N-terminal (NT) tetracysteine motif with the bisarsenical dye FlAsH (MV.NT.FlAsH). The first IQ motif of MV.NT.FlAsH was exchanged with QSY-9 labeled CaM, a non-fluorescent acceptor. We followed the motion of the lever-arm during the ATP binding (recovery stroke) and actin-activated product release (power stroke) steps using stopped-flow FRET. The R712G mutation reduced the rate of the recovery stroke by 23% while having little impact on the fast power stroke that occurs prior to phosphate release. Thus, a mutation in the converter domain can specifically impact the recovery stroke without altering the power stroke demonstrating different allosteric mechanisms are responsible for these two key structural transitions.
Docetism, Käsemann, and Christology: Why Historical Criticism Can't Protect Christological Orthodoxy

Il existe aujourd'hui un lieu commun dans le champ de l'hermeneutique theologique: on affirme que la recherche historico-critique sur le Jesus de l'histoire est la premiere etape d'une interpretation theologique. Ernst Kasemann affirme que la critique historique est necessaire parce qu'elle balaye le docetisme qui domine la communaute chretienne. Afin de comprendre ces problemes, l'A. analyse le caractere apotropaique de la critique historique en identifiant le docetisme. Il montre ensuite jusqu'a quel point, la critique historique peut proteger la theologie de ce docetisme
Chemomechanical Production of Submicron Edge Width, Functionalized, ∼20 μm Features on Silicon

We recently reported that monolayers on silicon are formed, and silicon surfaces concomitantly patterned, when native oxide-coated silicon is scribed with a diamond-tipped instrument in the presence of reactive liquids. Notably, monolayers were prepared (and are prepared in this work) in an open laboratory with reagents that are not degassed. However, while this method is facile, the features originally produced using 2-3 N of force on a diamond tip are irregular, broad (∼100 μm), and deep (∼5 μm). Reducing the force to 0.08 N using an improved tip holder yields narrower features (∼10 μm), but the best features made with a diamond tip using the lighter force still remain quite deep (∼0.1 μm) and rough. Here we show that substantially sharper and shallower features are produced by (a) wetting hydrogen-terminated silicon with a reactive compound and (b) scribing it with a 1 / 3 2 in. tungsten carbide ball with a low force (∼0.08 N). It is remarkable that (i) the depth of these features is only 10-20 A and (ii) their edge widths are sharp (submicron resolution). The resulting features are invisible to the naked eye but are observable by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Both Si(100) and Si(111) were successfully modified. Miniature hydrophobic corrals made with this technique were loaded with solutes, for example, colloidal carbon, semiconductor nanocrystals, and DNA, from aqueous solutions with a simple dip. Under appropriate conditions colloidal carbon selectively deposits onto functionalized lines but not in between them.
Nanocomposites of Semimetallic ErAs Nanoparticles Epitaxially Embedded within InGaAlAs-based Semiconductors for Thermoelectric Materials

We present the molecular beam epitaxial growth of nanocomposites consisting of semimetallic ErAs nanoparticles which are epitaxially embedded within InGaAlAs-based semiconductors. The properties of nanocomposites can be drastically different from that of the constituents, and in this case, the incorporation of ErAs is used to increase the thermoelectric power factor and decrease the lattice thermal conductivity, resulting in an increase in the figure of merit, ZT. In addition, the thermoelectric power factor is increased due to electron filtering (solid-state thermionic emission) by barriers within the composite. In one geometry, barriers of InGaAIAs, a wider bandgap semiconductor, are introduced into an ErAs:InGaAs nanocomposite. In a second geometry, ErAs particles are embedded directly into InGaAIAs. Electron filtering occurs due to the Schottky barriers which are formed surrounding the particles. We present a 400-element array based on these materials for thermoelectric power generation; a power density > 1 W/cm2 is demonstrated with a temperature gradient of 120°C.
Hacking the cool: The shape of writing culture in the space of New Media

Abstract Beginning with a problematic assignment in a “New Media Writing” class, this article demonstrates, first, the significant, perhaps irreconcilable differences in the writing/reading environments of print as opposed to New Media: the interiority, on one hand, of the individual text implied in the “shape” of narratives and other elaborated verbal performances and, on the other hand, the mythic exteriority of networked, information space and the market logic of its “attention economy.” These differences pose a challenge not only to the traditional practices of academic, literary, and professional discourse communities, but to what this article terms “writing culture”—that is, popular cultural practices and assumptions conditioned by the procedures and experience of textual elaboration. Examining student hypertexts, key critical works on New Media, web sites, and literary theory and history, this article suggests a solution to this challenge, arguing that the future development of online writing genres ultimately cannot depend on imposing written shapes on network space. Instead, a close analysis of a hoax from the auction site, eBay, suggests how parody can constitute a lens through which the Web's own generic conventions filter the critical/creative consciousness that has long epitomized writing culture.
A linear algebraic framework for the analysis of discrete-time nonlinear systems

A linear algebraic framework for the analysis of synthesis-type problems for discrete-time nonlinear systems is introduced. This is an extension of a similar tool for continuous-time systems that established important connections between many algorithms associated with right-invertibility, left-invertibility and dynamic decoupling, as well as between these algorithms and an approach based upon differential algebra. A similar payoff is seen to be possible in the discrete-time setting.
Application of the microsatellite technique for analyzing genetic diversity in shrimp breeding programs

Abstract The microsatellite technique was employed to demonstrate the use of genetic markers as a genetic analysis tool to manage breeding programs of cultured species. This technique was used on a total of 312 P. vannamei shrimp from Population 1 (Sinaloa, Mexico), Population 2 (Ecuador), Population 3 (hybrid of Population 1 X Population 2), Population 4 (Oaxaca, Mexico), a Guatemalan stock, and wild female broodstock from Salinas, Ecuador. Microsatellite 1, M1, was used to determine the allelic inheritance within 14 families from two populations and two groups from the Guatemalan stock. All of the offspring were shown to be genetic descendants of their presumed parents. All families showed Mendelian inheritance. A total of 47 different alleles were found at the M1 locus. The number of different alleles for each population ranged from four in Population 2 to 23 alleles in Population 4. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 45% to 100%. There were 23 population-specific markers, two of which were observed only in single families from Population 1. Microsatellite markers are useful for informing animal breeders of genetic diversity levels in populations of interest before implementing a breeding program.
Cognitive Characteristics of Handicapped Children's Play: A Review

Although play is generally considered an important learning medium for young normally developing children, its value as a learning medium for young handicapped children has been less fully appreciated. Early research may not have portrayed handicapped children's play skills accurately, because many of the studies were carried out with institutionalized subjects. This paper reviews recent research on the development of play skills in young handicapped children, focusing on developmental patterns in various handicapped groups, areas of deficit, and implications for intervention.
Separate but Lethal: The Effects of Economic Segregation on Mortality in Metropolitan America

The increase in income inequality in the United States over the past 20 years has been accompanied by a pronounced increase in economic segregation in urban areas. No research to date has analyzed the potential effects of such spatial segregation on mortality. To investigate these effects, the mortality experience of respondents aged 30 years and older on the 1986-94 National Health Interview Surveys residing in any one of 30 large metropolitan areas in the United States was analyzed. Concentrated poverty was associated with significantly elevated risk of mortality, even after controlling for individual household income. Concentrated affluence showed a consistent, protective effect only among the elderly. The effects were most pronounced among the poor, but were not confined to them. Urban planning should take into account the effects associated with economic residential segregation.
Mid-Systolic Sound Associated with Aortic Insufficiency and Bisferiens Pulse

Systolic ejection clicks, often associated with cardiac disease, can be distinguished from mid-systolic clicks of mitral and tricuspid origin, which are frequently benign. A different mid-systolic sound has been recognized, with timing similar to the mid-systolic clicks, which is associated with aortic insufficiency. This report describes a case in which such a sound was identified prior to aortic valve replacement, and disappeared with surgery, thus adding evidence to previous concepts of the origin of this sound, and its relationship to the hemodynamic abnormality associated with aortic valvular regurgitation.
Mechanical properties of compacted morselized cancellous bone graft using one-dimensional consolidation testing

Failures of orthopaedic procedures that use morselized cancellous bone (MCB) graft for load bearing are often due to gross displacement within the graft material. For this reason the mechanical behavior of MCB must be better understood. Our purpose is to present a detailed testing methodology for the mechanical characterization of MCB, and to illustrate how this methodology can be used to study the influence of water and fat content. Complete one-dimensional consolidation testing was performed on bovine cancellous bone processed to represent MCB typically used in surgery (52% water, 31% fat). The one-dimensional consolidation strain under a stress of 1.09MPa was 30.9% and the confined modulus was 8.0MPa. The coefficient of consolidation (rate of consolidation) was 2. 2x10(-5)cm(2)/s and the coefficient of secondary strain (steady-state creep rate) was 1.9%. While reducing the water content alone had some influence on properties, reducing the fat content improved both the static and dynamic behavior. A sample of MCB which had fat intentionally minimized and a lower overall moisture content (56% water, 5% fat) demonstrated 23.1% strain, a confined modulus of 9.6MPa, a coefficient of consolidation of 3.4x10(-3)cm(2)/s, and a coefficient of secondary strain of 0.9%. The test methods described in this technical note can be used to evaluate the influence of fluid content on the mechanical behavior of MCB.
Floquet bundles for scalar parabolic equations

For linear scalar parabolic equations such as $$u_t = u_{xx} + a(t,x)u_x + b(t,x)u$$ on a finite interval 0≦x≦π, with various boundary conditions, we obtain canonical Floquet solutions u n (t, x). These solutions are characterized by the property that z(u n (t, x))=n for all teℝ, where z(·) denotes the zero crossing (lap) number of Matano. The coefficients a(t, x) and b(t, x) are not assumed to be periodic in t, but if they are, the solutions u n (t, x) reduce to the standard Floquet solutions. Our results may naturally be expressed in the language of linear skew product flows. In this context, we obtain for each N≧1 an exponential dichotomy between the bundles span {u n (·,·)} =1/ and $$\overline {span} \{ u_n ( \cdot , \cdot )\} _{n = N + 1}^\infty $$ .
Development and Initial Validation of a Measure of Academic Hardiness

Drawing upon hardiness theory and research on academic motivation we developed and administered a measure of academic hardiness to a large sample of high school students. In line with theory- and research-derived expectations, results of both principal axis factor analyses (PAF) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) yielded support for a three-factor model of the construct. Supplemental analyses indicated that, after controlling for general academic self-concept, the challenge subscale of our novel measure differentiated students who pursued more difficult academic coursework and educational plans from those who did not.
Extent of small bowel resection does not influence the magnitude of intestinal adaptation in the mouse.

Purpose The magnitude of intestinal adaptation is considered to correlate with the extent of small bowel resection (SBR). However, this association has never been tested in mice. We sought to test the hypothesis that a greater SBR will induce a greater adaptation response.
Simultaneous Measurement of Channeling Effects on the Sputtering and Backscattering Processes

Sputtering and backscattering yields have been simultaneously measured for beams of H, He, and N incident on a single Au crystal near the 110g axes. The angular half-width ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ of the yield minima produced by crystal rotation were measured and compared with the low-energy critical-angle predictions of Lindhard. Dechanneling effects were observed to play a major role in determining the magnitude and energy dependence of the observed minima.
Transformation behavior of PdAuSi metallic glasses

Abstract The transformation behavior of roller-quenched amorphous Pd 0.82− x Au x Si 0.18 and Pd 0.835− x Au x Si 0.165 alloys, where x ⩽ 0.10, after rapid heating to temperatures near to or above T g , is reported. The calorimetrically determined glass ( T g ) and kinetic crystallization ( T c ) temperatures both increased with x up to x ≈ 0.04. With increasing x , at x ⩾ 0.04, T c decreased rapidly while T g varied little. Binary Pd 0.82 Si 0.18 alloys crystallized to an fcc phase without apparent composition segregation. The tendency to phase separate at T near T g , as manifested by small- (SAXS) and large-angle X-ray scattering and calorimetry, increased with increasing Au substitution. Pd 0.8 Au 0.035 Si 0.165 alloy apparently phase separated by a nucleation and growth mechanism, with a growth rate limited by the melt viscosity, to form an fcc phase dispersed in an amorphous phase which later crystallized. Pd 0.74 Au 0.08 Si 0.18 alloy phase separated initially to two melts, each of which later crystallized in turn. The initial separation behavior was generally consistent with the predictions of the spinodal theory but with some deviation from Cahn's linear relation.
PCP-ML: protein characterization package for machine learning.

Machine Learning (ML) has a number of demonstrated applications in protein prediction tasks such as protein structure prediction. To speed further development of machine learning based tools and their release to the community, we have developed a package which characterizes several aspects of a protein commonly used for protein prediction tasks with machine learning. A number of software libraries and modules exist for handling protein related data. The package we present in this work, PCP-ML, is unique in its small footprint and emphasis on machine learning. Its primary focus is on characterizing various aspects of a protein through sets of numerical data. The generated data can then be used with machine learning tools and/or techniques. PCP-ML is very flexible in how the generated data is formatted and as a result is compatible with a variety of existing machine learning packages. Given its small size, it can be directly packaged and distributed with community developed tools for protein prediction tasks. Source code and example programs are available under a BSD license at http://mlid.cps.cmich.edu/eickh1jl/tools/PCPML/ . The package is implemented in C++ and accessible as a Python module.
Identification and isolation of transcribed human X chromosome DNA sequences

A human X chromosome specific phage library has been used as a source of X-specific genomic DNA clones which hybridize with cellular RNA. Random cDNA clones were mapped for X chromosome sequence localization and 8 were identified as hybridizing to X chromosome Hind III fragments. All eight also hybridized with autosomal Hind III fragments. The X chromosome genomic sequences corresponding to two of these cDNA clones were isolated from a phage library constructed with the Hind III endonuclease digest products of X enriched DNA. One genomic DNA segment, localized to the short area of the X, shared sequence homology with at least one region of the human Y chromosome. The methodology developed represents a rapid means to obtain a specific genomic DNA clone from a single chromosome when multiple different genomic loci homologous to an expressed DNA sequence exist.
Marginal yield, technological advances, and emissions timing in corn ethanol’s carbon payback time

Purpose Previous estimates of carbon payback time (CPT) of corn ethanol expansion assumed that marginal yields of newly converted lands are the same as the average corn yield, whereas reported marginal yields are generally lower than the average yield (47–83 % of average yield). Furthermore, these estimates assumed that the productivity of corn ethanol system and climate change impacts per unit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain the same over decades to a century. The objective of this study is to re-examine CPT of corn ethanol expansion considering three aspects: (1) yields of newly converted lands (i.e., marginal yield), (2) technology improvements over time within the corn ethanol system, and (3) temporal sensitivity of climate change impacts.
Recording Small Sharp Spikes with Depth Electroencephalography

Summary: Two patients with intractable seizures and focal temporal sharp waves also had small sharp spikes as incidental findings in their scalp electroencephalograms. Depth electroencephalography verified the intracerebral origin of the small sharp spikes and differentiated them from the more significant epileptiform abnormalities. RESUME Chez deux malades souffrant de crises d'epilepsie incontrolables et presentant un foyer de pointes len-tes temporal, les E.E.G. de surface montraient aussi L';existence de pointes acerees de faible amplitude. Des enregistrements en profondeur ont permis de verifier L';origine intracegerale de ces petites pointes et de les differencier d'anomalies epileptiformes plus significatives. RESUMEN Dos pacientes con crisis incontrolables y ondas agudas temporales presentaron, tambien, de un modo incidental, pequenas puntas agudas en el electroence-falograma. Registros usando electrodos profundos establecieron el origen intracerebral de las pequenas puntas agudas y establecieron la diferencia entre ellas y las anomalias epileptiformes mas significativas. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 2 Patienten mit therapieresistenten Anfallen und fokalen temporalen sharp-waves hatten auch gelegent-lich kleine “scharfe spikes” im EEG. Tiefenelektro-den verifizierten den intracerebralen Ursprung der kleinen “scharfen spikes” und differenzierten sie von den stark ins Auge fallenden epileptischen Abnormitaten.
Synthesis and Structure of 9-Bromo-2-fluoro-8-[ethyl, (E)-2-propenoate-3-yl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocycloheptene

This paper reports a synthesis of 9-bromo, 2-fluoro substituted, and Z-ring locked (by a trimethylene bridge at C8 and C11) crystalline fluorine substituted bicyclic ring-fused polyene bearing a δ-bromo-α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated ester unit. It is a structural element found in sterically hindered retinoids and is a useful advanced intermediate in the total synthesis of these naturally occurring bioactive polyenes. The synthon, 8-fluoro-1-benzosuberone was converted into 9-bromo-2-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocycloheptene-8-carboxaldehyde chemoselectively and regioselectively and then into 9-bromo-2-fluoro-8-[ethyl, (E)-2-propenoate-3-yl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzocycloheptene in a step economical and stereoselective manner by treatment with triethylphosphonoacetate and NaH in THF. The process creates a new carbon–carbon double bond between C12 and C13 and produces a previously unreported product that has been characterized by X-ray, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC–MS, and elemental analysis. Crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, a = 7.581(2), b = 8.324(2), c = 11.759(3) A, α = 96.723(17), β = 96.056(16), γ = 101.999(17)°, Z = 2. The synthesis and characterization of the previously unreported δ-bromo-α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated ester derivative is reported. Crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, a = 7.581(2), b = 8.324(2), c = 11.759(3) A, α = 96.723(17), β = 96.056(16), γ = 101.999(17)°, Z = 2.
Effects of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits on rheological dough properties and breadmaking quality of wheat

ABSTRACT High molecular weight (HMW) or low molecular weight (LMW) subunits of different chemical state (reduced, reoxidized with KBrO3, or KIO3) or gliadins were added in 1% amounts to a base flour of the wheat cultivar Rektor and mixed with water. The corresponding doughs were then characterized by microscale extension tests and by microbaking tests and were compared to doughs from the base flour without additives. The maximum resistance of dough was strongly increased by HMW subunits in a reduced state and by HMW subunits reoxidized with KBrO3. A moderate increase of resistance was caused by HMW subunits reoxidized with KIO3 and by LMW subunits reoxidized with KBrO3 or KIO3. This resistance was strongly lowered by LMW subunits in a reduced state and by gliadins. The extensibility of dough was significantly increased only by gliadins and reduced HMW subunits; HMW subunits reoxidized with KBrO3 had no effect, and all other fractions had a decreasing effect. In particular, glutenin subunits reoxidized wit...
NEW DOMAINS FOR ALLOWED UNHINDERED BETA DECAYS OF EVEN-MASS DEFORMED NUCLEI

The allowed unhindered spin-flip beta decays of even-mass deformed nuclei are shown to include the [532] and [505] Nilsson orbitals transformations in addition to those involving [523] and [514] orbitals in evidence for the odd-mass nuclei. New features in even-mass decays arising from transformations involving the coupled nucleons, multiple isomers in the odd-odd nuclei, and pairing correlation effects in the even-even nuclei are discussed. An extension of the K-selection rule for even mass decays is presented.
Rossini and the Development of the Mid-Century Lyric Form

Rossini9s conservative, florid treatment of the expressive surface of melody has encouraged recent scholars to differentiate his approach to melodic structure from that of his followers. In particular, the freedom and complexity of his melodic designs have been contrasted with the conventionality and simplicity of the mid-century lyric form A A′ B A′ adopted by Bellini and others. However, Rossini9s conception of melodic form embraced a broader range of options than we have previously acknowledged. Many of his melodies in fact prefigure later lyric conventions exactly, while others incorporate numerous aspects of later practice. Rossini9s role in the development of the mid-century lyric form suggests that we should regard Bellini not as the originator of the design that would for many years dominate Italian melody, but rather as the composer who solidified and popularized an approach that Rossini had already tested and made successful.
Familial camptomelic dwarfism

S P R A N G E R and associates a recently called attention to a syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies and failure to thrive, which had been reported originally by Bain and Barrett 2 as congenital bowing of the long bones. The major components of the syndrome are as follows: (1) striking osseous defects including flat facies, prominent occiput, vertebral anomalies, short limbs, angulation deformities of most of the long bones, and a spinelike prottlberance on the anterior tibia with an overlying skin dimple; (2) dwarfism; and (3) laryngotracheomalacia. The children fail to thrive, apparently due to chronic respiratory obstruction and recurrent aspiration during feeding. Their position of comfort is opisthotonus, probably due both to the vertebral anomalies and to the laryngotracheomalacia. There has been no variation in the phenotypes of the cases which have been reported. One infant was stillborn; others survived for various periods of time, usually about 4 weeks. Spranger and associates 1 suggested the possibility of an exogenous cause. Others noted similar cases in which girls had XY karyotypes, and postulated that oral contraceptives might be at fault? One group suggested a .new dominant mutation as the cause? Strive and Wiedmann ~ reported two female siblings affected with this syndrome, whose parents were normal, and suggested
The toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium and copper as affected by humic acid

Abstract The toxicity of Cd and Cu to daphnids was evaluated over a 42-day exposure period at three humic acid concentrations. The addition of humic acid to test water decreased the acute and chronic toxicity of Cu but increased the acute and chronic toxicity of Cd. However, there was no effect of HA on the bioaccumulation of either metal. At the highest concentration, the presence of humic acid actually resulted in an increase in mean brood sizes of Cu-exposed animals and prevented a reduction in mean brood sizes of Cd-exposed animals.
Emergy valuation of diversions of river water to marshes in the Mississippi River Delta

Abstract River diversions within the Mississippi Delta deliver river water and associated sediments and nutrients to interior marshes that were previously isolated from river inputs by elevated levees. When isolated from river inputs, the marshes subside and deteriorate to open water, resulting in ecological and economic losses. River diversions are an ecological engineering method to reverse this trend by restoring controlled flows of river water through modified levees. This study compares the cost of constructing and operating the diversions with potential benefits to determine whether the diversions yield a net public benefit. The Caernarvon and Davis Pond river diversions were evaluated using emergy analysis to provide a common basis to quantify and compare economic and ecological costs and benefits. The analysis quantified high concentrations of natural resources inherent to deltas and demonstrated benefits produced by investing economic resources in river diversions to capture and utilize renewable resources. The diversions resulted in large net emergy yield ratios (33.2 and 9.36) that varied depending on the rate of marsh gain produced by the diversions.
Microfluidic immobilization of physiologically active Caenorhabditis elegans

We present a protocol for building and operating a microfluidic device for mechanical immobilization of Caenorhabditis elegans in its physiologically active state. The system can be used for in vivo imaging of dynamic cellular processes such as cell division and migration, degeneration, aging and regeneration, as well as for laser microsurgery, Ca2+ imaging and three-dimensional microscopy. The device linearly orients C. elegans, and then completely restrains its motion by pressing a flexible membrane against the animal. This technique does not involve any potentially harmful anesthetics, gases or cooling procedures. The system can be installed on any microscope and operated using only one syringe and one external valve, making it accessible to most laboratories. The device fabrication begins by patterning photoresist structures on silicon wafers, which are then used to mold features in elastomeric layers that are thermally bonded to form the device. The system can be assembled within 3 d.
Production of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia in rats and inhibition of cholesterol side-chain cleavage.

A genetic defect in cholesterol desmolase has been postulated to be the cause of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, a disease of man characterized by enlarged adrenal cortices containing excess cholesterol and many multinucleated, lipid-filled giant cells without elevated 17-ketosteroids; hypospadias and Leydig cell hyperplasia in genetic males; and normal genitalia in genetic females. Aminoglutethimide is a drug whose primary action in the rat is thought to be a blockade of steroidogenesis by inhibition of the cholesterol desmolase system. In this study, daily intramuscular injections of 100 mg/kg of this drug have been given to pregnant rats. Aminoglutethimide produced considerable maternal and fetal adrenal enlargement with multinucleated lipid-filled giant cells. There was marked accumulation of cholesterol in maternal adrenals and ovaries and fetal adrenals and testes. This drug did not affect the activity of maternal or fetal Δ5, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, but experimental maternal and fet...
A robust adaptive controller for Surface-Mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

High torque density and the potential for high efficiency have made Surface-Mount Permanent Magnet machines an attractive option for many high-performance drive applications. However, parameter variations due to temperature changes, skin effect, and magnetic saturation, can detune the transient characteristics of the drive, and cause large mismatches in torque regulation. The approach presented in this paper utilizes a combination of adaptively tuned feedforward and feedback-decoupling terms, in addition to standard proportional feedback for added robustness. The resulting controller achieves consistent transient response characteristics with zero steady-state error over a wide range of operating points, without the use of integral control. The adaptive law is derived using Lyapunov's stability theorem, and the resulting adaptive controller is tested numerically in Simulink. Experimental results confirm the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.
Adaptation in hearing-impaired ears: Effects of intermediate duration stimuli

Abstract Recovery from adaptation was measured in acoustically-traumatized ears of cats for pure-tone adapters 1–60 s in duration at levels of 60–100 dB SPL. Adaptation was assessed by measuring the whole nerve action potentials in response to pure-tone stimuli. Effects of changing probe frequency and of changing adapter duration were measured. Impaired ears showed less adaptation than normal ears for adapters of similar SPL, but they showed relatively normal spread of adaptation across probe frequency. The effect was larger for long duration stimuli than for short duration stimuli.
Foreign Debt and Literary Credit: Pablo Neruda and Walt Whitman

The article draws in relief how translators carry with them cultural and ideological horizons that necessarily imbue their literary production with distinctly situated historical, political, and personal dimensions. It does so first by examining how The New York Times's translation of Pablo Neruda's 1972 address to the PEN Club reframes (or distorts) his views on political and literary issues ranging from the negotiation of the Chilean national debt to his literary indebtedness to Walt Whitman, and then by examining how Neruda's 1955 translation of Whitman's ‘Salut Au Monde!’, refashions and relocates Whitman's work, imbuing it with a communist ethos consistent with Neruda's own.
Interstitial pneumonitis in Blau syndrome with documented mutation in CARD15

This is the first report of a CARD15 mutation-positive patient with Blau syndrome who exhibited interstitial lung disease, a feature historically considered absent from Blau syndrome, while typical of the adult form of sarcoidosis. This case illustrates the continued evolution of the phenotype of a disease initially conceived as a familial inflammatory granulomatous disease limited to the triad of synovitis, dermatitis, and uveitis.
Assessment of the functional integrity of the humoral immune response: the plaque-forming cell assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) appear to have comparable sensitivity and reproducibility for measuring IgM antibody production in mice and rats immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). Both assays can be manipulated, with respect to the immunizing antigen (e.g., T-dependent vs T-independent antigen), to provide evidence as to which cell type(s) may be adversely affected by a given compound. However, the PFC assay has more utility in dissecting out the target cell(s) involved. Since both the PFC assay and the ELISA may be readily conducted in the rat, it is feasible to incorporate either of these assays into standard acute and repeat dose toxicology studies. This may be accomplished by inclusion of satellite groups in the study. However, it has been suggested that the primary antibody response to sRBCs, as measured by an ELISA, may also be evaluated in the main group of animals in a toxicology study without compromise to the integrity of other toxicological endpoints (e.g., hematology, clinical chemistry, histopathology). Both approaches will provide a more extensive delineation of the safety profile of a drug or chemical. The latter approach will also reduce the number of animals needed and the cost of the study.
Arc welding with industrial robots

Automatic arc‐welding machines have been used in manufacturing plant for a number of years now. They are special machines for a special purpose. But one of the main problems for automatic arc‐welding machines is presented by assembly element inaccuracies. These inaccuracies arise even when the parts are being stamped in the press. What is no problem for the manual welder, for he sees the discrepancies and is able to bridge the gap, may only be solved by automatic arc‐welding machines if powerful clamping tools are used. The same problem is also present in principle when programmable inddustrial robots are used for arc welding instead of conventional automatic machines. However, initial successes have been recorded in bridging assembly element inaccuracies with an automatic program shift and pendulum movements for the welding torch attached to the industrial robot. In recent times, these features have been supplemented by the welding power source being equipped with a parameter selection unit.
The Dynamic Properties of Social Support: Decay, Growth, and Staticity, and Their Effects on Adolescent Depression

Although social support is a static concept, its basic dynamic properties — decay, growth, and staticity — involve different underlying social processes, and therefore have differential effects on mental health. Using a sample of 11,835 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I conduct a series of regression analyses of depression on these properties of support. As hypothesized, the positive effect of support decay on depression is stronger than the negative effect of support growth. Results imply that, for those in an adolescent's social environment, it is important to take a proactive rather than a reactive approach to managing adolescent depression. Future research should adopt a framework that treats the distribution of social resources as dynamic in nature, and that is sensitive to contrasting processes this give rise to opposite mental health outcomes.
Investigating the transient response of a shear thickening fluid using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique is implemented to evaluate the transient response of a colloidal suspension exhibiting shear thickening at strain rates and timescales never before explored in a laboratory instrument. These suspensions are shown to exhibit a discontinuous transition from fluid-like (shear thinning) to solid-like (shear thickening) behavior when evaluated using rotational rheometry. The effect of loading rate on this transition time is studied for a particle volume fraction of 0.54 using the SHPB technique. It is shown that the time required for transition to occur decreases logarithmically with loading rate. From these results, we conclude that transition is not triggered by a characteristic shear rate, but rather a critical shear strain is required. Results from SHPB experiments performed up to Peclet numbers of order 107 are presented and discussed for 0.50, 0.52, and 0.54 particle volume fraction suspensions.
Effect of ionic strength and temperature on the in vitro transcription of T4 DNA

Abstract In vitro transcription of T 4 DNA by Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been studied at two ionic strengths ( I = 105 mM and 255 mM) and three temperatures (20°, 37° and 45°). 1. 1. At the lower ionic strength, RNA synthesis stops after a short time interval because product release cannot occur. Temperature affects only the rate of synthesis and not the final amount of RNA synthesized. 2. 2. Product release can occur at the higher ionic strength. However, at 45°, re-initiation cannot take place and RNA synthesis soon stops. The complete enzyme (subunits α, β, β′ and σ) and core enzyme (subunits α, β and β′) are stable at 45° for, at least, 30 min. On the other hand σ is quite thermolabile when not associated with the core enzyme. 3. 3. Ionic strength does not affect the rate of chain elongation. At 20°, 37° and 45°, the rates of chain elongation are 7.1, 16.7 and 22.0 nucleotides per sec, respectively. 4. 4. Under all conditions, two discrete size classes of RNA are made. Roughly 70 % of the total RNA is 4300 nucleotides long while the remainder is 7100 nucleotides in length. In vitro synthesis of RNA by the purified T 4 DNA-enzyme-RNA complex has been studied also. When product release cannot occur ( I = 105 mM ), RNA within the complex cannot turnover. However, at high ionic strength ( I = 255 mM ), where product release can take place, RNA within the complex constantly turns over. The results indicate that RNA chains within the complex elongate to either 4300 nucleotides or 7100 nucleotides prior to release from the complex. Also, it is demonstrated that all the released RNA chains observed in vitro originate from the T 4 DNA-enzyme-RNA complex.
54.3: Modeling and Control of the Resonant Fiber Scanner for Laser Scanning Display or Acquisition

The resonant fiber scanner produces a flying laser spot scan for display or image acquisition purposes. Dynamic nonlinearities during large amplitude vibrations of the resonant fiber scanner result in distortions in the two-dimensional scan pattern and the acquired images. A dynamic model which includes the fibers dynamic nonlinearities has been developed to understand the nonlinear behavior and as the basis of a controller to remove the scan distortion. A robust state-space controller has been implemented to force the resonant fiber scanner to follow a spiral scan pattern. Acquired images at 250×250 pixel resolution demonstrate improved image fidelity over previous images taken with open-loop scanning.