cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of the spleen: normal enhancement patterns and evaluation of splenic lesions.

The authors studied the ability to improve detection of splenic lesions during suspended respiration with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In the first phase of the study, normal splenic contrast material enhancement patterns were assessed in 10 control patients without splenic lesions. A heterogeneous signal intensity pattern was observed in 11 patients with splenic lesions during bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, with conversion to homogeneous enhancement 1 minute later. Mean splenic enhancement was 321% during bolus injection, with a rapid return toward baseline signal intensity thereafter. In the second phase, evaluation of 18 splenic lesions detected with contrast-enhanced computed tomography in 11 patients revealed that dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR pulse sequences significantly improved lesion conspicuity and detectability compared with conventional T1-and T2-weighted pulse sequences. Contrast-to-artifact ratio measurements were 0.5, 3....
Mobility of lightweight robots over snow

Snowfields are challenging terrain for lightweight (<50 kg) unmanned ground vehicles. Deep sinkage, high snowcompaction resistance, traction loss while turning and ingestion of snow into the drive train can cause immobility within a few meters of travel. However, for suitably designed vehicles, deep snow offers a smooth, uniform surface that can obliterate obstacles. Key requirements for good over-snow mobility are low ground pressure, large clearance relative to vehicle size and a drive system that tolerates cohesive snow. A small robot will invariably encounter deep snow relative to its ground clearance. Because a single snowstorm can easily deposit 30 cm of fresh snow, robots with ground clearance less than about 10 cm must travel over the snow rather than gain support from the underlying ground. This can be accomplished using low-pressure tracks (< 1.5 kPa). Even still, snow-compaction resistance can exceed 20% of vehicle weight. Also, despite relatively high traction coefficients for low track pressures, differential or skid steering is difficult because the outboard track can easily break traction as the vehicle attempts to turn against the snow. Short track lengths (relative to track separation) or coupled articulated robots offer steering solutions for deep snow. This paper presents preliminary guidance to design lightweight robots for good mobility over snow based on mobility theory and tests of PackBot, Talon and SnoBot, a custom-designed research robot. Because many other considerations constrain robot designs, this guidance can help with development of winterization kits to improve the over-snow performance of existing robots.
Modeling the Effects of Port Disasters

Weather or terrorism-related disasters at seaports can lead to significant economic losses from vessel and cargo delays. In times of such disasters, port capacities and optimal shipment routings would change rapidly, requiring near real-time analyses for planning response operations. To address this challenge, we offer a decision support system to help port networks analyze disaster response scenarios. As part of the model, an algorithm routes arriving ships to ports to optimize the use of network capacity with respect to ocean and inland transportation, port and inventory capital costs. To reflect changing port congestion conditions, port capacities are dynamically updated in the algorithm by regression-based parametric metamodels derived from the results of a simulation model. Demonstrating application through case studies of the North American container port network, we illustrate the magnitude of cost increases from disaster-based port shutdowns and highlight the practical need for coordinated, network-wide planning for disaster response.
CCD photometry of the BL Lacertae object 1400 + 162 and the associated group of galaxies

Surface photometry of the BL Lacertae object 1400+162 and an apparently associated group of galaxies has been obtained using a CCD camera. Observations were made in V, broad bandpasses centered on 0.75 micron and 1.0 micron and with no filter. The colors of all but two of the galaxies suggest they are ellipticals, with the colors of the remaining two considerably bluer. Analysis using a method described by Schechter and Press (1976) suggests the group is a small one. The group may be similar to the one associated with the quasar 3C 273. The spectral index of the BL Lac object is 1.49 + or 0.21. This value allows, but does not require, the presence of an underlying elliptical galaxy. The radio-optical and optical-X-ray indices for 1400+162 are similar to values found for quasars.
Non-Newtonian wall effects in concentrated suspensions

This paper investigates the wall effects on the settling velocity of a falling ball in concentrated suspensions. The model suspensions consist of uniform neutrally buoyant spheres in a viscous Newtonian suspending fluid under conditions such that only hydrodynamic forces exert an appreciable effect. A number of previous studies have focused on determining the average velocity of the settling particle along the centerline or axis of the containing cylinders. The objective of this study is to determine the wall effects experienced by the falling balls as they settle off-center or eccentrically at a radial distance b from the centerline in a cylinder of radius R. We find that in the dilute suspensions (volume concentration of solids, φ=10%), off-center wall effects are indistinguishable from those in pure Newtonian fluids. For the moderately concentrated suspensions (φ=30%), off-center wall effects begin to deviate from Newtonian behavior as the ball approaches the wall (b/R>0.5) and the ball settles slower than it would in a Newtonian fluid with the same apparent viscosity. In a highly concentrated suspension (φ=50%), the Newtonian region in the center of the cylinder is much smaller (b/R<0.3) and wall effects are significantly stronger than those found in the moderately concentrated suspension. These results indicate that current suspension constitutive models that assume generalized Newtonian behavior for concentrated suspensions must be reexamined as wall effects are much larger and extend further into the suspension than previously thought.
DEPENDENT CHILDREN, CHILD CUSTODY, AND THE MOTHERS' PENSIONS: THE TRANSFORMATION OF STATE-FAMILY RELATIONS IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY*

This paper challenges the widely-held belief that government has assumed increasing authority over family life in the United States. I explore the origins and development of welfare services for dependent children from the indenture system of the colonial days to the introduction of mothers' pensions in the early 20th century. Rather than intruding more into family life, government has moved from an initial disregard of the family unit to a reinforcing of parent-child ties by supporting the custody rights of the mother. Commentators on the modern family frequently lament the progressive intrusion of government into family affairs and the resulting reduction of parental decision-making and control. A growing body of literature portrays powerless parents facing expanding government authority over the family (Donzelot, 1979; Keniston, 1978; Lasch, 1977, 1979). This paper challenges the hypothesis that government has steadily increased its prerogatives and control over children at the expense of the traditional rights of parents. To test this hypothesis, I explore the origin and evolution of government programs for dependent children in the United States from colonial times to the first decades of the 20th century. I focus on child custody, since the ability of the state to make children public wards is at the heart of competing rights between parents and the state. This paper also emphasizes: (1) class variables that organize relations between parents and the state; and (2) changes in the relative status of women which have influenced government policies. Research presented here on early government programs for dependent children suggests that, rather than progressively eroding traditional parental rights, the state has sometimes supported family unity and parental prerogatives. State intrusions into the domestic affairs of families needing income assistance have become less direct and less disruptive of parent-child relationships over time. The Mothers' Pension program, an early 20th century public assistance program, gave parents child custody rights they had earlier been denied and buttressed family relations that otherwise would have been broken. This paper is divided into three sections. The first surveys the treatment of dependent children from colonial times to the late 19th century. The second concentrates on changes in child custody laws, women's changing family roles, and the consequences of both for the care of dependent children. The third section describes the development of the Mothers' Pension program and its effects on child custody and relations between working class families and the state. I single out the Mothers' Pension program because it was an important precursor of the largest federally supported government service for families, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).'
High-resolution TEM analysis of flatten carbon nanotube packing in nanocomposites

Abstract Due to the nanoscale size of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), observing the CNT/CNT and CNT/resin interactions in nanocomposites requires a high resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. This research focuses on developing a protocol to provide an effective and reliable approach to obtain ultra-thin ( Two CNT nanocomposite samples made with different resins were studied for both microtome cutting and TEM analysis and it revealed the alignment direction of the nanotubes and numerous stacks of CNT bundles. In addition, there was visible flattening of CNT packing into dumbbell shapes similar to results obtain in CNT yarn materials. TEM for the 3-layer CNT BP/BMI nanocomposite revealed uniform cutting in the resin areas. However, when the diamond knife reached graphite crystalline regions, the nanotubes either became deformed into a cone-like structure, were cut thicker than the resin, or folded over onto itself. This is most likely due to the high mechanical properties of CNT in response to the stress of cutting.
Probing the distribution of gliadin proteins in dough and baked bread using conjugated quantum dots as a labeling tool

Abstract In this study, Quantum dots (QDs) were conjugated to gliadin antibodies and used as fluorescent probes to track gliadin proteins in dough and baked bread samples. QDs conjugated to gliadin antibody were specifically bound to gliadin to determine its molecular distribution in two different unleavened flat bread samples prepared at various baking times and compared with the uncooked dough. The specificity of gliadin antibody to gliadin was shown successfully with a Western Blot experiment excluding binding to all other hard wheat flour proteins. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to monitor QDs-gliadin antibody conjugates and obtain images of the distribution of gliadin in the dough and flat bread matrix as a function of baking conditions. The mean intensity value of gliadin for each sample was calculated and plotted. CLSM images showed significant changes in the distribution of fluorescence intensity generated by the gliadin-QD conjugate with baking time. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate the statistical significance of the variation in mean intensity values of gliadin in different samples and sections. Based on all the aggregate intensity data gathered, we concluded that gliadin is distributed non-uniformly in different layers (top, center, and bottom) that were analyzed as well as between dough and flat bread samples baked at different times. Baking time and the location of layers in flat bread play a significant role in the distribution of gliadin proteins.
Reactivity of Measurement: A Single-Subject Investigation of Effects of Participant Observers:

Reactivity of measurement as a major threat to validity is a very important topic in behavioral assessment. The use of participant rather than novel observers has been suggested as a strategy to reduce reactivity. However, it has also been suggested that under some circumstances use of participant observers may also produce reactivity. This study reports the single-subject investigation of the reactive effects of participant observers on the disruptive classroom behavior of a 5-yr.-old boy. Results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that data collection by participant observers altered the social-reinforcement contingencies maintaining the disruptive classroom behavior. The usefulness of participant observation as a clinical intervention is also discussed.
The effect of system-initiated advice on the use of menu navigation shortcuts

It is noted that computer users often do not take advantage of system shortcuts; instead they rely on familiar but less efficient methods for getting their work done. The authors examine a system that incorporates system-initiated online help to advise users of shortcuts for menu navigation. Subjects received either no advice messages or one of three advice message types, varying in timing and specificity, and subjects were assessed on their subsequent use of shortcuts. Results revealed that users who receive system-initiated advice take greater advantage of shortcuts and are able to complete their work more quickly than users who receive no system-initiated advice messages. Further, a majority of users reacted positively to the messages, finding them helpful in introducing shortcuts. >
Penile salvage for squamous cell carcinoma associated with mineral oil injection.

Injectable substances, such as mineral oil and silicone, have been widely used for breast and penile augmentation. Many cases of penile injection with mineral oil and silicone have been reported but no association with malignancy has been found to date. We report on a patient who had squamous cell carcinoma of the penis 35 years after a mineral oil injection and underwent successful penile salvage. CASE REPORT A 55-year-old circumcised man presented with a large penile mass, which had grown progressively ever since a single self-injection of mineral oil into the penile shaft skin 35 years earlier. The patient complained of a 3-month history of pain and discharge from the mass. A 15 cm. mobile, ulcerated mass was palpated in the penile region with the glans penis invaginated centrally (part A of figure). There was induration of the anterior scrotal wall but both testicles were palpably normal. Multiple subcutaneous lower abdominal nodules and shoddy inguinal lymphadenopathy were noted. Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed the findings and revealed no pelvic lymphadenopathy. Excisional biopsy of several subcutaneous abdominal nodules and core needle biopsy of the upper scrotal mass revealed only inflammation and foreign body reaction, while incisional biopsies of the deep penile mass demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma. Chest radiography and CT revealed multiple calcified granulomas in both lungs. Cystoscopy, complete blood count, serum chemistry evaluation, liver function tests and urinalysis were normal. After antibiotic therapy, surgical excision was performed, beginning at the border of the indurated region. The hypervascular and heterogeneously calcified mass was dissected free from the underlying and uninvolved penile shaft and glans (parts B and C of figure). Frozen section revealed negative surgical margins and permanent section revealed a 1.1 cm. tumor-free margin around the 6.5 3 4.0 cm. malignant tumor. Inguinal lymph nodes were not biopsied. After 4 days, split thickness skin grafting to the penile shaft was performed. Pathological examination revealed well differentiated stage T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penile skin with lipogranulomas and an intense foreign body reaction. At 4-week followup the skin graft was well healed, and the patient reported normal voiding and normal erections (part D of figure). At 6-month followup there was no interval change in the inguinal lymph nodes, and no evidence of disease recurrence on local or metastatic evaluation. Chest radiography and CT of the abdomen and pelvis were unchanged. DISCUSSION
Transverse structure of subtidal flow in a weakly stratified subtropical tidal inlet

The transverse structure of exchange flows and lateral flows as well as their relationship to the subtidal variability are investigated in a subtropical inlet, Ponce de Leon Inlet, Florida. Two surveys were executed during different phases of the tidal month to determine the spatial structure of subtidal exchange flows. Data from fixed moorings were used to depict the temporal variability of the spatial structure established in the surveys. The data suggested a tidally rectified pattern of net outflow in the channel and inflow over shoals with a negligible influence of streamwise baroclinic pressure gradients on the dynamics and slight modifications due to the wind. Onshore winds strengthened net inflows but weakened net outflows, rarely reversing them, while offshore winds increased net outflows and weakened net inflows. Curvature effects were found to be important in modifying secondary circulations. Slight modifications to the secondary flows were also caused by stream-normal baroclinicity during one survey. Most important, the intensity of the exchange flows was modulated by tides, with the largest exchange flows developing in response to the strongest tidal rectification of spring tides.
Myd88-Dependent Toll-Like Receptor 7 Signaling Mediates Protection from Severe Ross River Virus-Induced Disease in Mice

Arthralgia-associated alphaviruses, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV), pose significant public health threats because of their ability to cause explosive outbreaks of debilitating arthralgia and myalgia in human populations. Although the host inflammatory response is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis, the role that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are major regulators of host antiviral and inflammatory responses, play in the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis has not been extensively studied. Using a mouse model of RRV-induced myositis/arthritis, we found that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88)-dependent TLR7 signaling is involved in protection from severe RRV-associated disease. Infections of Myd88- and TLR7-deficient mouse strains with RRV revealed that both Myd88 and TLR7 significantly contributed to protection from RRV-induced mortality, and both mouse strains exhibited more severe tissue damage than wild-type (WT) mice following RRV infection. While viral loads were unchanged in either Myd88 or TLR7 knockout mice compared to WT mice at early times postinfection, both Myd88 and TLR7 knockout mice exhibited higher viral loads than WT mice at late times postinfection. Furthermore, while high levels of RRV-specific antibody were produced in TLR7-deficient mice, this antibody had very little neutralizing activity and had lower affinity than WT antibody. Additionally, TLR7- and Myd88-deficient mice showed defects in germinal center activity, suggesting that TLR7-dependent signaling is critical for the development of protective antibody responses against RRV.
Enlarged perforating branch of peroneal artery and extra crural fascia in close relationship with the tibiofibular syndesmosis

We found an extremely large perforating branch of peroneal artery in an 89-year-old female cadaver’s left ankle. The anterior tibial artery could not reach to supply the ankle and dorsum of the foot. The perforating branch of peroneal artery continued as the dorsalis pedis after giving off an anterior lateral malleolar artery branch. The posterior tibial artery was thinner than usual. On the anterior side of the ankle, there was an extra crural fascia in addition to the regular crural fascia, under the anterior crural muscles. This strong fascia was tightly overlying the perforating branch of peroneal artery and anterior tibiofibular ligament. It is important to know the relationship of these vessels to the surrounding structures. Surgeons must be careful while dissecting this area since the perforating branch of peroneal artery might be anomalously enlarged as well as crossing in front of the tibiofibular syndesmosis in order to prevent vascular injury.
Steric coordination control of interchain interactions in conducting metallopolymers.

The solution processability of a conducting metallopolymer (CMP1) based on a 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy) derivatized poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) backbone has been accomplished by the strategic placement of sterically demanding mesityl side chains. The enhanced solubility of CMP1 can be traced to the prevention of coordinative crosslinking between polymer chains. The sterically enforced 1:1 bipy/metal ratio was confirmed by job analysis of absorption spectroscopic titration data. In addition to enhanced processability, this strategy also leads to twice as many metal ions, and consequently twice the charge, on CMP1 versus traditional bipyridyl-PPV metallopolymers that are typified by a 2:1 bipy/metal ratio with certain metals.
Toward a General Theory of Action

This book is a highly professional effort to move toward a unification of concept in the fields of cultural anthropology, sociology, and psychology. The reviewer is an economic historian who, at the limit of generosity, can be described as an interested observer of these fields.The reviewing procedure raises some difficulties. Although the obscurity of the contributions to the volume varies, it is only with sustained effort that the amateur can come to believe that he has conquered the barrier of private vocabulary which the behavioral scientists have erected, no doubt for good and sufficient reasons. But one trained in modern economics least of all has a right to complain.
The Morphology of the Polysilicon — SiO2 Interface

ABSTRACTA systematic TEM study of the morphology of the polysilicon - SiO2 interface has been performed. LPCVD films were deposited on thermally oxidized silicon substrates, doped via diffusion or ion implantation, and oxidized in pyrogenic steam. Several aspects of the interface have been investigated as a function of dopant species, dopant concentration, oxidation time and oxidation temperature.
Biocompatible coatings for CMUTs in a harsh, aqueous environment

The results of coating capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays with two different biocompatible materials, parylene-c and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are reported. These materials were characterized for use with CMUTs to enable direct contact transcutaneous and in vivo imaging. A passivation coating is required to provide electrical isolation to the active areas of the device and to protect it from a corrosive environment. It must also provide good mechanical characteristics to void imaging artifacts. The coated devices were compared side by side with uncoated devices for testing in air. The resonant frequency, collapse voltage and crosstalk were sampled. Parylene coated CMUTs were also tested underwater using pulse excitation. The parylene coating provided electrical insulation to the aqueous solution for 14 days. Both coatings showed a decrease in device resonant frequency and an increase in collapse voltage, as expected from the proposed theory.
Majority and Minority Ownership of Publicly‐Traded Firms: A Test of the Value of Control Using Market Multiples

Publicly-traded companies that are controlled by other publicly-traded companies provide a unique setting in which to test whether the market values of majority and minority ownership interests are proportionate to their ownership percentages. Test results indicate that the value of subsidiary net assets and net income are greater to majority shareholders than to minority shareholders. However, comparison of asset and income valuation with a sample of diffusely-held firms indicates that this valuation asymmetry is not due to a wealth transfer from the minority to the majority owners but to a discounting of the portion of the subsidiary owned by the minority shareholders.
State Discretion Over Medicaid Coverage for Mental Health and Addiction Services

Approximately one-third of adults who enroll in Medicaid because of a disability have a serious mental illness. Arguably, this population stands to benefit from insurance coverage that complies with the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA). The MHPAEA and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) do not guarantee such coverage for this beneficiary group; however, they provide a variety of mechanisms by which states may provide parity-compliant coverage for mental health and substance use disorder treatment. This column explains key interactions between the MHPAEA, the ACA, and the Medicaid program that permit states to determine whether and how to provide parity-consistent coverage to beneficiaries with disabilities.
Noise bandwidth of diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometers

We present studies of the input and output noise of diffusion cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers. By simultaneously measuring the gain and noise (with a 14 GHz LO) as a function of intermediate frequency for a 0.16 /spl mu/m diffusion cooled Nb device, we show that the noise bandwidth (4 GHz) is larger than the gain bandwidth (2.4 GHz). The output noise is 55 K, and the mixer noise is very low, 340 K DSB. This shows that diffusion cooled devices have low noise over a broad enough intermediate frequency band for practical applications in THz receivers.
Intraventricular prolactin inhibits hypothalamic vasoactive-intestinal polypeptide-expression in doves.

While the role of prolactin in promoting the development of the crop-sac in members of the pigeon family (Columbiformes) is well established, its action in the central nervous system is less well understood. In the present study, prolactin was administered intracerebroventricularily (i.c.v.) in ring doves, and central expression of vasoactive-intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and the display of sexual behavior was investigated. Ovine-prolactin (1 microgram in 2 microliters o-prl) was injected daily for six days through chronically implanted cannula either prior to a 2-h period of courtship, or late in incubation. Control subjects were given vehicle injections and were otherwise identical to experimental animals. Prolactin administered prior to courtship resulted in a reduction of sexual behavior, and in a decrease in testicular weight but had no detectable effect on the number of neurons expressing VIP or GnRH. In contrast, i.c.v. prolactin during incubation resulted in a reduced number of infundibular VIP-positive neurons and decreased crop weight. We conclude that during incubation prolactin regulates its own synthesis and/or release by modulating VIP expression in infundibular neurons.
Negative pressure wound therapy in acute, contaminated wounds: documenting its safety and efficacy to support current global practice

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is in widespread use and its role in wound care is expanding worldwide. It is estimated that 300 million acute wounds are treated globally each year. Currently, sporadic data exist to support NPWT in acutely contaminated wounds. Despite lack of data, use of negative pressure wound therapy in such cases is increasing across the globe. We retrospectively reviewed 86 consecutive patients, totalling 97 contaminated wounds. All wounds were Class IV based on US Center for Disease Control criteria. Sepsis criteria were present in 78/86 (91%) of patients. All patients were managed with NPWT. Wound type, degree of tissue destruction, presence of infection, wound dimension, timing of initial NPWT, type and timing of wound closure and patient comorbidities were recorded. Outcome endpoints included durability of wound closure and death. Wound location was 41/97 (42%) in the torso; 56/97 (58%) at the extremities. Tissue necrosis was present in 84/97 (87%) of wounds. Infection was present in 86/97 (89%) of wounds. Average wound size was 619 cm(2) when square surface area measured; 786 cm(3) when volume measurements taken. Mean time to wound closure was 17 days, median 10 days and mode 6 days. Durability of wound closure 73/79 (92%). Deaths were noted in 6/86 (7%) of patients. No deaths appeared related to NPWT. Contemporary NPWT related acute wound care is expanding empirically, in quantity and scope across the globe. However, several areas of concern are known regarding this contemporary use of NPWT in acute wounds. Thus, it is important to assess the safety and efficacy of such expanded empiric NPWT practice. Based on our findings with NPWT in the largest known patient cohort of this type, NPWT appears safe and effective in managing acute, contaminated wounds including patients meeting sepsis criteria. These findings provide evidence-based support for current worldwide empiric NPWT-related acute wound care.
Comparison of the marginal fit of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with CAD/CAM technology by using conventional impressions and two intraoral digital scanners.

Abstract Statement of problem Conventional impression materials and techniques have been used successfully to fabricate fixed restorations. Recently, digital pathways have been developed, but insufficient data are available regarding their marginal accuracy. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal gap discrepancy of lithium disilicate single crowns fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology by using both conventional and 2 digital impression techniques. Material and methods One typodont maxillary right central incisor was prepared for a ceramic crown. Ten impressions were made by using each method: conventional with polyvinyl siloxane impression material, Lava COS (3M ESPE), and iTero (Cadent) intraoral scanning devices. Lithium disilicate (e.max CAD) crowns were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology, and the marginal gap was measured for each specimen at 4 points under magnification with a stereomicroscope. The mean measurement for each location and overall mean gap size by group were calculated. Statistically significant differences among the impression techniques were tested with F and t tests (α=.05). Results The average (±SD) gap for the conventional impression group was 112.3 (±35.3) μm. The digital impression groups had similar average gap sizes; the Lava group was 89.8 (±25.4) μm, and the iTero group was 89.6 (±30.1) μm. No statistically significant difference was found in the effects among impression techniques ( P =.185) Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, digital and conventional impressions were found to produce crowns with similar marginal accuracy.
Conversion of magnetic energy in the magnetic reconnection layer of a laboratory plasma

Magnetic reconnection, in which magnetic field lines break and reconnect to change their topology, occurs throughout the universe. The essential feature of reconnection is that it energizes plasma particles by converting magnetic energy. Despite the long history of reconnection research, how this energy conversion occurs remains a major unresolved problem in plasma physics. Here we report that the energy conversion in a laboratory reconnection layer occurs in a much larger region than previously considered. The mechanisms for energizing plasma particles in the reconnection layer are identified, and a quantitative inventory of the converted energy is presented for the first time in a well-defined reconnection layer; 50% of the magnetic energy is converted to particle energy, 2/3 of which transferred to ions and 1/3 to electrons. Our results are compared with simulations and space measurements, for a key step towards resolving one of the most important problems in plasma physics.
Self-assessment questionnaires document substantial variability in the clinical expression of rotator cuff tears

The goal of this investigation was to document the variability in the clinical expression of full-thickness rotator cuff tears with practical and standardized patient self-assessment tools. One-hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with full-thickness cuff tears diagnosed by standard cuff-imaging methods (sonography, arthrography, or magnetic resonance imagery) assessed their own shoulder function and health status with the Simple Shoulder Test and the Short Form 36, respectively. As a group, these patients were substantially compromised in their ability to perform the functions of the Simple Shoulder Test and in the Short Form 36 scales of physical role, physical function, and comfort. As individuals, however, their self-assessments varied widely. The standard deviations were often greater than 50% of the mean and the range of responses often covered the entire scale from the minimum possible score to the maximum possible score. These results show the importance of documenting the clinical expression of cuff tears in patients at initial evaluation and when treatment is being considered. The results also show the practicality of standardized self-assessment questionnaires in such documentation.
Connection between the pinch technique and the background field method.

The connection between the pinch technique and the background field method is further explored. We show by explicit calculations that the application of the pinch technique in the framework of the background field method gives rise to exactly the same results as in the linear renormalizable gauges. The general method for extending the pinch technique to the case of Green's functions with off-shell fermions as incoming particles is presented. As an example, the one-loop gauge-independent quark self-energy is constructed. We briefly discuss the possibility that the gluonic Green's functions, obtained by either method, correspond to physical quantities.
Organic wafer-scale packaging for X-band SiGe low noise amplifier

This paper presents for the first time an organic Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) based System-on-Package module for an X-band SiGe low noise amplifier. The LNA is laminated with 2 mil LCP and via interconnects are fabricated. Measurements are made before and after packaging to ensure accurate comparison of amplifier performance. Before packaging, the LNA yielded 10.3 dB of gain, a minimum noise figure of 1.8 dB and a 50 Ω noise figure of 1.9dB. After packaging, there was a 0.1 dB of loss in gain output, a 0.1 dB increase in minimum noise figure and a 0.6 dB increase in 50 Ω noise figure. It is shown that thin layers of LCP can be successfully used in a wafer level packaging scheme for hybrid integration of SiGe RF electronics and organic packaging layers.
THE SORPTION OF BACTERIOPHAGE BY LIVING AND DEAD SUSCEPTIBLE BACTERIA: I. EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS

The above data relating to the antistaphylococcus phage and single strain of S. aureus with which previous papers have been concerned (9, 10, 11, 12), bring out the following points. (a) For live, resting, susceptible B suspended in broth as well as for B in a P-B mixture during the logarithmic phases of B growth and P formation, P is distributed in a manner typical of numerous materials soluble in both phases of a two phase system, i.e., distribution proceeds in accordance with the equation Cb/Ca = K where Cb = extracellular P/ml. of broth and Ca = intracellular P/ml. of B. The combination is quantitatively reversible. (b) With heat-killed, susceptible B, P distribution is of the adsorptive type, expressible in the form of the adsorption isotherm equation a = kC1/n. The average value of 1/n is 0.80 in agreement with the results of von Angerer (2). Under ordinary conditions dead B take up much more P than do live B, the reaction proceeding to > 99 per cent completion. The combination of P with dead B is not demonstrably reversible and with high initial P/B ratios saturation of B with P is effected. Bacteria killed at 65°C., 80°C. and 100°C. show no differences in adsorptive ability. (c) The rates at which live, resting, susceptible B and heat-killed, susceptible B remove P from solution do not differ significantly. Velocity constants of the process calculated from See PDF for Equation agree satisfactorily. It is shown that the time interval consumed is concerned with an actual reaction between P and B and not with diffusion of P through the broth to B. (d) P determinations have been found to serve as satisfactory indicators for B growth in P-B mixtures where [B] is to be maintained at a constant level. Very small increments in [B] give rise to measurable increases in P by virtue of the fact that dP/dt is proportional to a power of the rate dB/dt (9). (e) Similarly [P] estimations will detect death of B cells in P-live B suspensions. Dead B take up large amounts of P irreversibly; such P cannot function in the titration and the result is a sharp drop in [P] of controls.
The blood in systemic disorders

Summary The high rate of proliferation required of the bone marrow renders it highly susceptible to the influence of external factors. Anaemia is the most common haematological abnormality seen in systemic disorders. In the anaemia of chronic disease, erythropoietin production is reduced and proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells is also impaired; this anaemia can generally be alleviated by correction of the underlying disease process. The status of the endocrine system must always be considered in evaluation of a normocytic, normochromic anaemia. Anaemia in infection can be due to host or parasite factors or to the treatment administered. Anaemia due to malignant disease responds to erythropoietin therapy in many cases; failure to respond is a poor prognostic sign.
Building a Theory of Multi-Media CMC An Analysis, Critique and Integration of Computer-Mediated Communication Theory and Research

In order to provide directions for future computer-mediated communication (CMC) scholarship, in this article, I analyze, critique and integrate contemporary CMC theory and research. Particularly, based upon an analysis of recent developments in multi-media software and the world wide web, I explore the theoretical implications of increased audio, video and three-dimensionality in cyberspace. In general, in this article, I argue that CMC theory and research has been limited by the `textual bias' of previous scholars. CMC researchers and theorists must begin to reconstruct the communicative, rhetorical and epistemological features of multi-media CMC in order to describe and explain communication in cyberspace. Through an integrated, inter-disciplinary program of multi-methodological empirical research, scholars can build theory that better accounts for multi-media CMC.
Acute myocardial infarction, hyperglycemia, and insulin.

The intravenous infusion of the glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) or the GIK solution in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was started by Sodi-Pallares on the basis of the hypothesis that this treatment would drive potassium with glucose into the damaged myocardial cells under the
Effect of injury on antigenic composition of rabbit skin.

Discussion and SummaryIn discussion of autoimmunity there is frequently a suggestion that appropriate injury of tissue can result in the appearance of new antigenic structures recognized as foreign by the host (6, 7). It has been reported also that tissue structures can be rendered immunogenic when complexed with bacterial components (8). The group A streptococcus has been especially implicated. The present studies were designed to detect an antigenic component in rabbit dermal connective tissue, injured with group A streptococcal cell wall fragments, which reflects either a modified tissue structure or a complex of tissue and bacterial antigen.The results demonstrate that a “new” antigenic structure (line B) is formed in injured connective tissue; however, this component is not unique to group A streptococcal cell wall lesions since it is also found in lesions induced with endotoxin, Freund's adjuvant, or turpentine. This antigen is not detected in serum, PMN, PMN lysosomes, alveolar macrophages, spleen ...
Ostracoda of the Lake Flirt Formation (Pleistocene) of southern Florida

Seventeen predominantly freshwater ostracode species, including 5 new taxa, are recorded from the Lake Flirt Formation (Pleistocene), exposed along the Caloosahatchee River, Florida. Eight sections within a lateral distance of 10 km. and with a thickness ranging up to 1.5 m thick, were measured and sampled every 5 cm. The medial, marly part of each section provided an abundant ostracode fauna. Three species, Cyprideis salebrosa van den Bold, Physocypria denticulata (Daday) and Limmocythere floridensis Keyser, together make up an average of 86% of the ostracode fauna. Cyprideis salebrosa is most common in the lower part of each section and is progressively replaced upward by P. denticulata and L. floridensis. This inverse relationship suggests initial oligohaline conditions grading upward to mesohaline. Ostracoda of the Lake Flirt Formation (Pleistocene) of southern Florida
Observations on the Life-History of Popillia Japonica Newm.

This paper compares the life-history of the Japanese Beetle ( Popillia japonica Newm.) during the years 1922–23–24. It shows that the life history was similar in HI22 and 192a, but that in HJ24 the spring and summer phases were delayed about 10 days, due probably to unusual weather conditions during that period. Various habits of the adult and larvae are also discussed.
A heuristic model for MRI turbulent stresses in Hall MHD

Although the Shakura-Sunyaev $\alpha$ viscosity prescription has been highly successful in characterizing myriad astrophysical environments, it has proven to be partly inadequate in modelling turbulent stresses driven by the MRI. Hence, we adopt the approach employed by \citet{GIO03}, but in the context of Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), to study MRI turbulence. We utilize the exact evolution equations for the stresses, and the non-linear terms are closed through the invocation of dimensional analysis and physical considerations. We demonstrate that the inclusion of the Hall term leads to non-trivial results, including the modification of the Reynolds and Maxwell stresses, as well as the (asymptotic) non-equipartition between the kinetic and magnetic energies; the latter issue is also addressed via the analysis of non-linear waves. The asymptotic ratio of the kinetic and magnetic energies is shown to be \emph{independent} of the choice of initial conditions, but it is governed by the \emph{Hall parameter}. We contrast our model with the Kazantsev prescription from small-scale dynamo theory, and the Hall term does not contribute in the latter approach, illustrating the limitations of the Kazantsev formalism. We indicate potential astrophysical applications of our model, including the solar wind where a lack of equipartition has been observed.
Blood Parasites of Blue-winged Teal ( Anas discors ) from Two Migratory Corridors, in the Southern USA.

Abstract We collected 180 Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) in September and October 2002 from Florida, US (n=100, representing the eastern migratory corridor) and the Louisiana-Texas, US, border (n=80, representing the western migratory corridor) and examined for blood parasites using thin heart-blood smears. Leucocytozoon simondi, Haemoproteus nettionis, and microfilariae were found in 16, 23, and 27 birds, respectively. Prevalence of L. simondi and H. nettionis did not vary by migratory corridor, but the prevalence of microfilariae was higher in the western corridor (23%) than the eastern corridor (9%). No differences in prevalence of L. simondi, H. nettionis, and microfilariae were observed by host age or sex. The mean density of L. simondi and H. nettionis averaged 1.5±0.3 and 2.3±0.4 (±SE per 3,000 erythrocytes), respectively. Ranked abundance models for main and interactive effects of corridor, age, and sex were not statistically significant for L. simondi or H. nettionis. Low prevalence and abundanc...
Demographic Reconstructions in the American Southwest: Alternative Behavioral Means to the Same Archaeological Ends

ABSTRACTPaleodemographic reconstructions are an important component of many evaluations of prehistoric cultural change, and the number of sites in an area, the size of those sites, or both of these variables are frequently used to estimate population size over time. Some of the reconstructions are based on a set of implicit assumptions—that a large number of large sites is the result of a large population. Despite the plausibility of this assumption, factors other than many people may have produced many and/or large sites. Data from the historic Navajo occupation of Black Mesa, Arizona, are used to illustrate our point.
Isosmotic intracellular regulation and redox changes in the respiratory chain components of Callinectes sapidus isolated muscle fibers

Abstract The concentration of the respiratory chain component of isolated muscle fibers of Callinectes sapidus as measured by direct difference spectra appears to be lower than those recorded in vertebrate tissues. During the isosmotic intracellular regulation process, specific modifications in the redox state can only be observed at the level of the pyridine-nucleotides. These changes can be consistently related to the variations in the amino-acid metabolism occurring in the tissue in response to an osmotic shock.
Empowering Older Adults to Make Medical Decisions: Two Solutions & A Problem

Dear President-elect and Members of Congress, “Medical science and technology have advanced at an unprecedented rate during the past half-century. In tandem has come growing complexity of health ca...
Ten Characteristics of Quality Indexes: Confessions of an Award-Winning Indexer: Towery, Margie. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 2016, 140 pp., $40.50, ISBN: 1573875260

Book review. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Journal of Web Librarianship on 13/01/2017, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2017.1268515.
On the distinction between value-driven attention and selection history: Evidence from individuals with depressive symptoms

When predictive of extrinsic reward as targets, stimuli rapidly acquire the ability to automatically capture attention. Attentional biases for former targets of visual search also can develop without reward feedback but typically require much longer training. These learned biases towards former targets often are conceptualized within a single framework and might differ merely in degree. That is, both are the result of the reinforcement of selection history, with extrinsic reward for correct report of the target providing greater reinforcement than correct report alone. A direct test of this shared mechanisms hypothesis is lacking, however. Recent evidence demonstrates that depressed individuals present with blunted value-driven attentional biases. Based on the shared mechanisms hypothesis, we predicted that depressed individuals would similarly show blunted attentional biases for former targets following unrewarded training. To the contrary, however, we found that the effects of selection history on attention were robust and equivalent between individuals experiencing depressive symptoms and control participants, whereas attentional capture by previously reward-associated stimuli was blunted in depressed individuals. Our results suggest a qualitative distinction between the effects of reward history and the effects of selection history on attention, with depressive symptoms impairing the former while leaving the latter unaffected.