cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sobre la interpretacion de algunas categorias vacias

Partiendo de la nueva teoria transformacional de Chomsky, tal como se encuentra en Lectures on Government and Binding (1981) y Some Concepts and Consequences of the Theory of Government and Binding (1982), el autor muestra como algunas categorias vacias del espanol (elementos tacitos) son determinados por los principios generales de la nueva teoria. Para demostrar tal aserto se usan las siguientes oraciones: (a) ?Que articulos archivaste sin leer?; (b) *Archive estos articulos sin leer: (c) ?Que problemas dejaste sin resolver?; (d) Deje algunos problemas sin resolver. El autor concluye que la teoria puede explicar el contraste aparentemente misterioso entre (b) y (d) en particular, y casos de categorias foneticamente vacias, en general.
Psychological Teamology, Emotional Engineering, and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

This chapter summarizes the author’s Teamology: The Construction and Organization of Effective Teams, and also describes later advances that simplify and clarify the theory. First, it develops the personality theory of psychiatrist C.G. Jung, which theorizes that people solve problems by eight mental processes called “function-attitudes” or “cognitive modes”. Then it discusses how to determine these preferred modes for each person in a group to be formed into teams. Next, ways are suggested of using this modal information to construct teams covering as many of the eight modes as possible. Finally, a novel graphical way is displayed that organizes each team to focus on every mode while reducing duplication of effort.
The Relationship Between the Natural Environment and Individual-Level Academic Performance in Portland, Oregon:

We tested the hypothesis that exposure to the natural environment is associated with improved academic performance. Specifically, we examined the association between individual-level standardized m...
'Crystal' Clear? Lysophospholipid Receptor Structure Insights and Controversies.

Lysophospholipids (LPLs), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), are bioactive lipid modulators of cellular homeostasis and pathology. The discovery and characterization of five S1P- and six LPA-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), S1P1–5 and LPA1–6, have expanded their known involvement in all mammalian physiological systems. Resolution of the S1P1, LPA1, and LPA6 crystal structures has fueled the growing interest in these receptors and their ligands as targets for pharmacological manipulation. In this review, we have attempted to provide an integrated overview of the three crystallized LPL GPCRs with biochemical and physiological structure–function data. Finally, we provide a novel discussion of how chaperones for LPLs may be considered when extrapolating crystallographic and computational data toward understanding actual biological interactions and phenotypes.
Semi-legality and belonging in the Obama era: the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals memorandum as an instrument of governance

While the effects of the Deferred Actions for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) executive order have been analysed by a number of scholars, little attention has been paid to the ways in which this program ...
Things I Learned From Fat People on the Plane

ABSTRACTThe body that doesn’t fit in normative spaces—like airplane seats, classroom chairs, life jackets, and aisles—is constantly performing “annoying excess.” Even stories about the stigma fat b...
Abstract IA22: Fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer

Cancer has largely been considered a disease of genetic and environmental factors; however, increasing evidence has demonstrated a role for the microbiota (the microorganisms associated with the human body) in shaping systemic and tumor microenvironment immunity and promoting tumor growth and spread. Herein, we discuss both human data from meta’omics analyses and data from mechanistic studies in cell culture and animal models that support that specific bacteria act as potentiators of colonic tumorigenesis, with a focus on Fusobacterium nucleatum. Citation Format: Wendy S. Garrett. Fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Measuring and regulating oxygen levels in microphysiological systems: design, material, and sensor considerations

As microfabrication techniques and tissue engineering methods improve, microphysiological systems (MPS) are being engineered that recapitulate complex physiological and pathophysiological states to supplement and challenge traditional animal models. Although MPS provide unique microenvironments that transcend common 2D cell culture, without proper regulation of oxygen content, MPS often fail to provide the biomimetic environment necessary to activate and investigate fundamental pathways of cellular metabolism and sub-cellular level. Oxygen exists in the human body in various concentrations and partial pressures; moreover, it fluctuates dramatically depending on fasting, exercise, and sleep patterns. Regulating oxygen content inside MPS necessitates a sensitive biological sensor to quantify oxygen content in real-time. Measuring oxygen in a microdevice is a non-trivial requirement for studies focused on understanding how oxygen impacts cellular processes, including angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Quantifying oxygen inside a microdevice can be achieved via an array of technologies, with each method having benefits and limitations in terms of sensitivity, limits of detection, and invasiveness that must be considered and optimized. This article will review oxygen physiology in organ systems and offer comparisons of organ-specific MPS that do and do not consider oxygen microenvironments. Materials used in microphysiological models will also be analyzed in terms of their ability to control oxygen. Finally, oxygen sensor technologies are critically compared and evaluated for use in MPS.
Coping and Modifiable Psychosocial Factors are Associated with Mood and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

ABSTRACT Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of most common complications following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and the most significant contributor to morbidity and nonrelapse mortality. The physical burdens and psychosocial difficulties of these patients have not been described systematically. An exploration into the rates and correlates of mood and quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic GVHD is necessary to develop a clinically relevant, evidence-based intervention to promote well-being. From July 2015 to July 2017, adult allogeneic HCT survivors with established moderate to severe chronic GVHD (N = 52) enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study at a tertiary academic center. We examined the rates and correlates of depression and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and explored whether constructs including coping strategies (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), symptom burden (Lee Symptom Assessment Scale), physical functioning (Human Activity Profile), and perceived social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey) predicted QOL trajectory over time (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bone Marrow Transplant) at the baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, chronic GVHD severity, and time since chronic GVHD diagnosis. At the baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up, 32.7%, 31.1%, and 37.8% of patients reported clinically significant depression symptoms, and 30.8%, 20.0%, and 36.4% reported clinically elevated anxiety symptoms, respectively. Adjusting for covariates, greater use of negative emotion-oriented coping (β = 0.20, P = .002), less use of task-oriented coping (β = –0.10, P = .021), worse physical functioning (β = –0.07, P = .004), and higher symptom burden (β = 0.07, P = .002) were independently associated with depression symptoms at baseline. Greater use of negative emotion-oriented coping (β = 0.28, P
Resection of a Type III Leiomyoma

Video Objective To demonstrate the appropriate preoperative evaluation and intraoperative steps for the management of a type III leiomyoma for fertility enhancement. Setting A 33-year-old G2P0020 with recurrent miscarriages and a recently identified type 3 leiomyoma on pelvic ultrasound desiring hysteroscopic myomectomy prior to undergoing in vitro fertilization. Interventions Hysteroscopic resection of a type III fibroid Conclusion The association between intramural fibroids and infertility remains a controversial area of investigation. Recent evidence demonstrating that intramural fibroids without any intracavity component may still negatively impact both clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates following in vitro fertilization has reignited this debate (Behbehani et al). We hope to demonstrate that in the hands of a skilled surgeon, hysteroscopic resection of type 3 leiomyoma can be carefully performed for the purposes of fertility enhancement. The goal for hysteroscopic myomectomy should include complete removal of all fibroid tissue. Preoperative imaging is critical in correctly identifying appropriate surgical candidates with intraoperative review of the imaging as needed to safely identify the type III leiomyoma. Careful resection of the fibroid within the boundaries of the pseudo-capsule to help reduce the risk of uterine perforation.
Spatially resolved B-integral measurements on the NIF laser

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is the world’s largest and highest-energy laser system. NIF’s 192 intense laser beams can deliver more energy than any previous laser system with a design point of 1.8 MJ of UV and 500 TW peak power. Efforts are currently underway to better understand the NIF performance and its limitations. One goal of recent and future campaigns is to better understand the accumulation of Bintegral within the NIF laser using existing diagnostics, as well as the Precision Diagnostic System (PDS). Among these diagnostics, the Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensor in the Output Sensor Package (OSP), a standard NIF diagnostic, and the dedicated PDS Radial Shearing Interferometer (RSI) both measure the wavefront of the beam. Using these diagnostics in concert with the NIF Programmable Spatial Shaper (PSS), which is used to tailor arbitrary spatial beam profiles, we have performed integrated experiments to study the B-Integral induced wavefront through the entire NIF main laser. We propagated a probe beam with a slowly varying spatial intensity profile through the NIF laser to produce a spatially varying B-Integral induced wavefront at the laser output, from which we obtained the magnitude of the B-Integral of the system. We present these direct measurements of the spatially resolved B-Integral induced wavefront scaled for the first time from a table-top experiment to a fusion-class laser chain. These measurements are compared to results of current simulations using Virtual Beamline (VBL) software.
Construction of racism: The challenges and opportunities for promoting justice and modeling race-transcending societies:

Racism has no scientific basis or definition. It is a learned behavior that puts one group of people above all others. Racism puts a burden on the society that artificially crafted it, and it suffo...
Total synthesis of (+)-latrunculin A

Synthese totale stereocontrolee et hautement convergente du compose du titre en 17 etapes maximum
Clinical research of ε-polylysine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia for children with mechanical ventilation in PICU

Objective To investigate the effect of e-polylysine to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) for children with mechanical ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and to provide evidence-based procedure for clinical VAP prevention. Methods A total of ninety children with mechanical ventilation in PICU from January to September in 2012 were randomly divided into three groups averagely: experimental group A and B (3 times e-polylysine intervention daily as group A, 2 times e-polylysine intervention daily as group B) and control group (non-e-polylysine-intervention as group C). All cases had been numbered by time sequence. e-polylysine was sprayed to Y-interface. The incidences of VAP were targeted monitored, and sampling bacteria on lower respiratory tract and various parts of ventilator tubing (thread-inlet end and outlet end interface, condensate of inlet and outlet section, Y-type interface, wet tank) had been isolated, cultured and counted. Results The rates of VAP were 10%, 30% and 70% respectively in group A, B and C (χ2=24.115; P<0.01), while the time of mechanical ventilation in three groups were (4.2±0.4), (5.2±0.7) and (7.1±0.3)h (F=260.953; P<0.01). In the fourth day and seventh day, we compared the numbers of bacteria in children′s respiration and tube for air admission, tube for air outlet and Y-type interface indicated statistical significance (χ2=12.115-34.658, P<0.01). On the fourth day and fifth to eighth day, we compared children patients′ bacteria amount in condensate water for ventilator′s air inlet and outlet in three groups, it showed that they had statistical significance (χ2=12.604-47.624; P<0.01). Conclusions The use of 28 μg/ml e-polylysine 3 times daily can effectively control bacterial colonization in ventilator tubing, cut off infection from exogenous route, reduce the incidence of VAP, shorten mechanical ventilation time and improve the prognosis, and make more important guiding significance on clinical nursing. Key words: Pneumonia, ventilator-associated; Intensive care units, pediatric; e-polylysine; Respiration, artificial
Effects of 10-min prewarming on core body temperature during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Background Previous research has shown a beneficial effect of prewarming for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. However, there are few studies of the effects of a short prewarming period, especially in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Methods Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Patients in the non-prewarming group were only warmed intraoperatively with a forced air warming device, while those in the prewarming group were warmed for 10 min before anesthetic induction and during the surgery. The primary outcome was incidence of intraoperative hypothermia. Results Intraoperative hypothermia was observed in 73.1% of the patients in the non-prewarming group and 24% of the patients in the prewarming group (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in core temperature changes between the groups (P < 0.001). Postoperative shivering occurred in 8 of the 26 (30.8%) patients in the non-prewarming group and in 1 of the 25 (4.0%) patients in the prewarming group (P = 0.024). Conclusions Forced air warming for 10 min before induction on the operating table combined with intraoperative warming was an effective method to prevent hypothermia in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.
Robust Least Squares for Quantized Data Matrices

Abstract In this paper we formulate and solve a robust least squares problem for a system of linear equations subject to quantization error in the data matrix. Ordinary least squares fails to consider uncertainty in the operator, modeling all noise in the observed signal. Total least squares accounts for uncertainty in the data matrix, but necessarily increases the condition number of the operator compared to ordinary least squares. Tikhonov regularization or ridge regression is frequently employed to combat ill-conditioning, but requires parameter tuning which presents a host of challenges and places strong assumptions on parameter prior distributions. The proposed method also requires selection of a parameter, but it can be chosen in a natural way, e.g., a matrix rounded to the 4th digit uses an uncertainty bounding parameter of 0.5 × 10 − 4 . We show here that our robust method is theoretically appropriate, tractable, and performs favorably against ordinary and total least squares.
Thermodynamic analysis of dissociation of periodic dislocation dipoles in isotropic crystals

In the past, experimentally observed dislocations were often interpreted using an isolated dislocation assumption because the effect of background dislocation density was difficult to evaluate. Contrarily, dislocations caused by atomistic simulations under periodic boundary conditions can be better interpreted because linear elastic theory has been developed to address the effect of periodic dislocation array in the literature. However, this elastic theory has been developed only for perfect dislocations, but not for dissociated dislocations. The periodic boundary conditions may significantly change the dissociation energy of dislocations and stacking fault width, which in turn, change the deformation phenomena observed in simulations. To enable materials scientists to understand the dislocation behavior under the periodic boundary conditions, we use isotropic elastic theory to analyze the thermodynamics of dissociated periodic dislocations with an arbitrary dislocation character angle. Analytical expressions for force, stacking fault width, and energies are presented in the study. Results obtained from the periodic dislocation array were compared with those obtained from isolated dislocations to shed light on the interpretation of experimentally observed and simulated dislocations.
Capitalism, Democracy, and Welfare: A POLITICAL ECONOMY APPROACH TO THE WELFARE STATE

Printing is one of the world's oldest industries, and typography is one of the oldest occupations in the industrial economy. Typographers essentially transformed stacks of typed and handwritten manuscripts into a form that permitted the mass production of books, newspapers, and journals. Half technicians and half craftsmen, typographers were highly skilled, well paid, and proud harbingers of Gutenberg's revolutionary invention. However, the craft was radically transformed over time: first from “hot-metal” typesetting to “analog” typesetting and then to digital CRT (cathode ray tube) and laser image-setting. In the process of change, previous typesetting skills were swept aside in a matter of a decade or two, and large numbers of typesetters and other printing production workers lost their jobs – many by an invention that the printed word helped set in motion: the computer. Lead molds, printing plates, and all the other paraphernalia that went into the original printing processes were retired to the dusty shelves of industry museums. But retirement was not an option for the majority of typographers whose livelihood depended on using the skills they had acquired through long apprenticeships and years of learning by doing. The depth of desperation these workers felt as their industry was transformed – manifested in bitter strikes across the developed world – can be loosely conceptualized as a product of the nontransferability of their skills and the speed with which their skills were rendered obsolete by new technology minus the availability of public policies such as unemployment insurance, public health insurance, pensions, retraining programs, and public job creation that all cushion the effects of skill redundancy.
A food web modeling analysis of a Midwestern, USA eutrophic lake dominated by non-native Common Carp and Zebra Mussels

a b s t r a c t Food web modeling is recognized as fundamental to understanding the complexities of aquatic systems. Ecopath is the most common mass-balance model used to represent food webs and quantify trophic inter- actions among groups. We constructed annual Ecopath models for four consecutive years during the first half-decade of a zebra mussel invasion in shallow, eutrophic Clear Lake, Iowa, USA, to evaluate changes in relative biomass and total system consumption among food web groups, evaluate food web impacts of non-native common carp and zebra mussels on food web groups, and to interpret food web impacts in light of on-going lake restoration. Total living biomass increased each year of the study; the majority of the increase due to a doubling in planktonic blue green algae, but several other taxa also increased including a more than two-order of magnitude increase in zebra mussels. Common carp accounted for the largest percentage of total fish biomass throughout the study even with on-going harvest. Chironomids, common carp, and zebra mussels were the top-three ranking consumer groups. Non-native common carp and zebra mussels accounted for an average of 42% of the total system consumption. Despite the rel- atively high biomass densities of common carp and zebra mussel, food web impacts was minimal due to excessive benthic and primary production in this eutrophic system. Consumption occurring via benthic pathways dominated system consumption in Clear Lake throughout our study, supporting the argument that benthic food webs are significant in shallow, eutrophic lake ecosystems and must be considered if ecosystem-level understanding is to be obtained. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Perturbations in the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell population of the GALT during acute SIV infection.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the activation and proliferation of effector lymphocytes. Dysregulation of these cells in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue has been reported in HIV-1 infection. To elucidate the role of Tregs in HIV-1-induced GALT depletion of CD4+ T cells, we used the SIV/pigtailed macaque model of HIV-1 disease to determine the distribution of Tregs in a setting of acute infection, using FoxP3 as a marker for Tregs. CD4+ T cells from the ileum, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were isolated on day 4 (n = 3), 14 (n = 3), and 114 (n = 6) post-inoculation from SIV-infected pigtailed macaques. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantitate FOXP3 copy number in SIV-infected and uninfected control macaques (n = 5). Expression of FoxP3 in the ileum was decreased at all stages of infection when compared to the levels in uninfected macaques. In addition, functional analysis of ileal lamina propria CD4+ T cells from SIV-infected macaques revealed a lack of suppressive activity, suggesting the absence of Tregs in that compartment. These results indicate that Tregs are depleted in the GALT of SIV-infected macaques suggesting a role for the loss of Treg-mediated suppression in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Non-homogeneous binary quadratic forms

being necessary if and only if f ( x , y) is equivalent to a the sign of equality multiple of xy . Heinhold [I], Davenport [I], u [,] and Barnes [I] have found better estimates for the minimum for non-critical f . Recently Davenport[2, 3, 4] studied the special forms x ~+ x y y ~ and 5 x ~ I I x y 5 y2 and obtained interesting results about their minima. Varnar ides [2, 3, 4] applied Davenport 's method to the forms x ~ 2y~', x2--7y~, and x 2 II y~. In this note we give straight-forward geometrical proofs of Varnarides' results about the forms x ~ 7 y ~ and x ~ i i y2. The results we prove can be stated as
The implication of demographic trends as they affect the elderly

The demographic aging of the U.S. population is reviewed with emphasis on the implications for the elderly population. The author states that society faces two radical alternatives: either to curtail present standards of living among the middle and higher income groups to pay for increased social security costs associated with demographic aging or to cut such services to the elderly. The author assumes that the first alternative will be preferred and discusses its implications for the family for the services required and for those who will provide them. (ANNOTATION)
Fine Structure of Thiobacillus thiooxidans

Mahoney, Robert P. (Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, N.Y.), and Mercedes R. Edwards. Fine structure of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. J. Bacteriol. 92: 487–495. 1966.—Thin section analysis of the chemosynthetic autotroph Thiobacillus thiooxidans revealed structures comparable to gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria. Although this species is unique in that it oxidizes elemental sulfur for energy, uses carbon dioxide as its sole source of carbon, and can withstand a pH of less than 1, thin sections revealed a profile of the cell envelope (cell wall and plasmalemma) similar to other gram-negative species which have more common physiological traits. The cell wall is composed of five layers with an overall width of approximately 200 A, and the plasmalemma appears as a conventional “unit membrane” with a width of about 85 A. Volutin granules and less-dense bodies of similar shape and size were frequently observed in close association with the nucleoplasm. The nature and function of these bodies are unknown at this time. Images
An overview of variable rate speech coding for cellular networks

Variable rate speech coding is a critical system component for achieving very high capacity in future generation multiple access systems for cellular networks. A significant capacity gain comes from exploitation of the large fraction of the time during which a speaker is idle in a two-way conversation. Additional capacity gain can also be achieved by exploiting the time-varying entropy of active speech. While CDMA and packet-based multiple access systems, e.g. PRMA, are naturally suited for variable rate coding. TDMA can also be designed to benefit from voice activity patterns. >
USING THE AOD CULTURAL FRAMEWORK TO VIEW ALCOHOL AND DRUG ISSUES THROUGH VARIOUS CULTURAL LENSES

This article elaborates a cultural framework for viewing alcohol and drug abuse which, if used as a teaching tool, can lead to increased cultural awareness among students. The framework helps educators to illustrate the powerful role of culture in shaping behaviors such as drinking and drug use and to focus on several cultures or ethnic groups simultaneously. The authors give examples of how the framework can be used to: discuss cases and clinical problems in the classroom; conduct classroom exercises comparing cultures and differences within cultures; structure student homework and paper assignments; and prepare course materials and lectures.
Relationships between temperature responses and bacterial community structure along seasonal and altitudinal gradients

In this study, soil bacterial communities and the temperature responses (Q10) of substrate-induced respiration were compared between an alpine dry meadow and a subalpine forest in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Bacterial communities in three seasons from each environment were described with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The main goal of this comparison was to relate phylogenetic differences among bacterial communities with variation in soil respiratory temperature sensitivities along seasonal and altitudinal gradients. The warmer, lower elevation, subalpine forest soil exhibited large seasonal variations in Q10. Subalpine Q10 values were highest in summer, and were higher than alpine values in all seasons except winter. Q10 in alpine soils were consistently low throughout the year. Alpine and subalpine bacterial communities both varied seasonally, and were markedly distinct from each other. Based on Fst analysis, subalpine communities from colder times of year were more similar to the alpine communities than were subalpine summer communities. Principle component analysis of the pairwise genetic distances (Fst) between communities produced two factors that accounted for 69% and 22% of the total variance in the data set. These factors demonstrated a significant relationship between bacterial community structure and temperature response when regressed on log-transformed Q10 data.
Minimally invasive preparation and design of a cantilevered, all-ceramic, resin-bonded, fixed partial denture in the esthetic zone: a case report and descriptive review.

Resin-bonded, fixed partial dentures have the potential to offer a minimally invasive, fixed-prosthetic approach to tooth replacement in patients who may not be candidates for implant therapy. However, traditional preparation protocols often recommend extensive preparation designs on two abutment teeth, thereby potentially compromising the long-term health of the adjacent abutments and often resulting in unilateral debonding of one of the retainers in the long term. In light of advances in high-strength ceramic systems capable of being reliably bonded to tooth structure and offering improved esthetic outcomes, as well as clinical and case-series research demonstrating improved survivability of cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures, new preparation designs and methodologies can be advocated.The following case report demonstrates the clinical application of sonoabrasion, coupled with a dental operating microscope, to minimally prepare a single abutment for a cantilevered, all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture. Relevant historic and contemporary literature regarding double versus single-retainer resin-bonded fixed partial dentures are reviewed, as well as clinical conditions that are most favorable for such restorations to have an optimal long-term prognosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE If appropriate clinical conditions exist, a cantilevered, all-ceramic, resin-bonded, fixed partial denture may be the most conservative means of tooth replacement in a patient who is not a candidate for an endosseous implant. (J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••-••, 2013)
Detection of BCR-ABL kinase mutations in CD34+ cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in complete cytogenetic remission on imatinib mesylate treatment

The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate induces complete cytogenetic response (CCR) in a high proportion of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, patients in CCR usually demonstrate evidence of residual BCR-ABL-positive progenitors. The mechanisms underlying persistence of small numbers of malignant progenitors in imatinib-sensitive patients are unclear. BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations affecting drug binding can lead to secondary resistance to imatinib. We show here that kinase mutations could be detected in CD34+ cells isolated from CML patients in CCR on imatinib. Most mutations seen have not been reported in previous clinical studies. Interestingly, several of the involved amino acid positions have been implicated in an in vitro mutagenesis screen. These BCR-ABL mutations were associated with varying levels of imatinib resistance. Two of 5 patients in whom mutations were detected on initial evaluation have relapsed. In addition, 4 patients in whom mutations were not initially detected, but with rising BCR-ABL mRNA levels on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis, had mutations detected on follow-up evaluation. We conclude that BCR-ABL kinase mutations can be detected in CD34+ cells from CML patients in CCR on imatinib, may contribute to persistence of small populations of malignant progenitors, and could be a potential source of relapse.
Separation of traces of metals from uranium by chromatography on cellulose column

Abstract Submicrogram amounts of thirteen metals have been separated from 50 g of uranyl nitrate by adsorption chromatography on cellulose column. The adsorbed metals have been eluted by solutions of potassium thiocyanate and hydrochloric acid in organic solvents. The quantitative recovery of metals has been verified by using radioisotopes and gamma-ray spectrometry.
Chronic Pain and Risk Factors for Opioid Misuse in a Palliative Care Clinic

Objectives:To describe the prevalence of chronic pain and the risk of opioid misuse in a palliative care clinic.Methods:We reviewed patient records for 6 months for source of pain, treatment status...
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLARIZATION IN KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION AND RADIATIVE CAPTURE

Using a relativistic baryon resonance model constrained by crossing and duality, we study the electromagnetic production of hyperons in kaon photoproduction, γ + p + K+ + Y, and radiative capture, K- + p + γ + Y, for Y = Λ, Σ and Λ(1405). Distinct signatures are predicted for the different hyperon polarizations which are direct consequences of SU(3) flavor symmetry and parity conservation. Other important results of our model are highlighted.
Factors in adults' attitudes toward pets

Because the literature on factors influencing the average adult's attitudes and attachment to pet animals is extremely limited, this study was designed to investigate whether present pet ownership or nonownership, childhood ownership or nonownership, sex, and family size were significant influences on adults' attitudes and attachment to pets. 900 adults were given either the Wilson Pet Attitude Inventory for Pet Owners or for Nonpet Owners. Statistical analysis of responses indicated that current pet owners were more attached to pets than nonowners, that adults who had owned pets as children or adolescents were more attached than those who never owned or who first owned them as adults, that women were more attached than men, that single subjects were more attached than married subjects, and that childless subjects were more attached than those who were parents.
Effects of halothane dose and stimulus rate on canine spinal, far-field and near-field somatosensory evoked potentials.

Abstract Evidence that canine spinal, far-field and near-field somatosensory evoked potentials resemble those recorded in humans and other species has been presented, and the vulnerability of each component to varying depths of halothane anesthesia is reported. Lumbar spinal peak latencies are not affected by halothane dose, but the negative peak is significantly prolonged by rapid rates of stimulation. Elevated stimulus rates and halothane doses reduce lumbar spinal cord potential amplitudes. Early far-field cephalic components are refractory to halothane. Late far-field components and near-field cortical potentials are substantially altered by increments in halothane dose. Both near-field and far-field responses are more readily identified in vertex-neck than vertex-brow derivations. Early far-field somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from vertex to neck, together with lumbar spinal cord potentials, may be the preferred monitoring technique when the use of halothane anesthesia is desired. Rapid rates of stimulation may facilitate earlier recognition of cord dysfunction, but supplement rather than replace baseline recordings at slo stimulus rates.
Synthesis of 11‐cis‐locked bicyclo[5.1.0]octanyl retinal and an enantioselective binding to bovine opsin

Both enantiomers of 13-(E) and 13-(Z) isomers of 11-cis-locked bicyclo[5.1.0]octanyl retinal were prepared by an improved synthesis and incubated with bovine opsin. The synthesis also establishes the absolute configuration of the enantiomers. Only one of the enantiomers binds to opsin, thus showing the steric restrictions regarding the middle polyene moiety of the retinoid molecule; this is in sharp contrast to the known leniency of the ring moiety binding site of retinoids. However, although one enantiomer is incorporated into the pigment, the circular dichroic spectrum of the pigment incorporating the bound enantiomer yields only a very weak Cotton effect, showing that, once incorporated, the bicyclo[5.1.0]octanyl chromophore is flattened by the opsin binding site. The titled retinoid was synthesized for study of the absolute conformation of the retinal pigment in rhodopsin.
BUILDING DECISION SUPPORT PROBLEM DOMAIN ONTOLOGY FROM NATURAL LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR SOFTWARE ASSURANCE

The process of engineering software-intensive systems that comply with their Certification and Accreditation (C&A) requirements involves many critical decision-making activities for the related stakeholders. Considering the exhaustive nature of C&A activities together with the complexity of software-intensive systems, effective decision making relies heavily on the ways to understand and structure the problem domain concepts concerning decision points for interpretation, applicability, scope, evaluation, and impact of the enforced C&A requirements. These decision points are further complicated by natural language specifications of inherently non-functional C&A requirements scattered across multiple regulatory documents with complex interdependencies at different levels of abstractions in the organizational hierarchy, which often result in subjective interpretations and non-standard implementations of the C&A process. To address these issues, we define a systematic methodology using novel techniques from software Requirements Engineering (RE) and knowledge engineering for understanding and structuring the problem domain concepts based on a uniform representation format that promotes common understanding among stakeholders. Specifically, we use advanced ontological engineering techniques driven by theoretical RE foundations to systematically elicit, model, understand, and analyze problem domain concepts concerning significant and difficult decision points throughout the C&A process. We demonstrate the appropriateness of our methodology in creating decision support problem domain ontology using several examples derived from our experiences on automating the Department of Defense Information Technology Security C&A Process (DITSCAP).
Toxicity and Biodistribution of Activated and Non-activated Intravenous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

The use of nanoparticles in medical treatment has prompted the question of their safety. In this study, the pathophysiology and biodistribution of three different concentrations of intravenously-delivered dextran-coated Fe3O4 iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) were evaluated in mice. Some groups of mice were exposed to an AC magnetic field (AMF) at levels comparable with those proposed for cancer treatments. Iron biodistribution analysis for both AMF and non-AMF treated mice was performed for all three concentrations used (.6 mg Fe/mouse, 1.8 mg Fe/mouse, and 5.6 mg Fe/mouse). Blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total serum protein, and creatinine were also assessed at 4 hours, 7 days, and 14 days post-injection. Histological analysis of lung, spleen, heart, liver, and kidney tissue was conducted at 7 and 14 days post-injection. Prussian blue and H&E stains were used to histomorphometrically assess iron content in the tissues studied. Preliminary results demonstrate small temporary elevation in liver enzymes and hepatocyte vacuolization at all iron concentrations studied. Liver and spleen were the primary sites of IONP deposition. None of the animals demonstrated systemic or local toxicity or illness, with or without AMF activation.
The role of adrenoceptors in norepinephrine-stimulated VO2 in muscle

Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the norepinephrine (NE)-evoked calorigenic response of an isolated perfused rat muscle preparation into α- and/or β-adrenergic components. Epinephrine was as effective as NE in evoking the increase in oxygen consumption. The α-agonist, phenylephrine, was also as effective as NE in eliciting an increase in oxygen consumption by the muscle. Isoproterenol (β-agonist) had no effect on the VO 2 of the preparation. Phentolamine, an α-blocker, completely blocked the NE-stimulated VO 2 . Propranolol (β-antagonist) could also completely block the NE induced VO 2 but this drug was found to be less potent. It was concluded that the NE-induced calorigenic response of muscle cannot be classified either strictly as an α- or β-response, but unlike brown adipose tissue, the α-response seems to predominate in skeletal muscle. Also, it appears as though different mechanisms of action may be involved in the NE-stimulatedVO 2 in skeletal muscle and brown fat.
Nonlinearity in high-order models of social systems

Abstract Historically limitations of mathematical analysis forced exclusion of most nonlinearities from models of social systems. Computer simulation removed the pressure to focus on linear representations, but even so, data analysis and model validation methods have perpetuated a bias toward linearity in models. However, much of real-life behavior arises from nonlinearities. If models are to be good representations of social systems, there must be unrestricted willingness to incorporate nonlinearity. Otherwise, we exclude access to much of the available information about the structure and policies that cause observed behavior. A large fraction of our knowledge about social systems lies in what must necessarily happen as extreme conditions are gradually approached. The majority of functional relationships are nonlinear, as when two variables are multiplied, for example, sales rate times price to generate a payment stream. Taking advantage of knowledge about real-life nonlinearities and their crucial contribution to behavior, leads to models that endogeneously generate the principal modes of behavior that are observed in actual systems.
A high-frequency linear ultrasonic array utilizing an interdigitally bonded 2-2 piezo-composite

This paper describes the development of a high-frequency 256-element linear ultrasonic array utilizing an interdigitally bonded (IB) piezo-composite. Several IB composites were fabricated with different commercial and experimental piezoelectric ceramics and evaluated to determine a suitable formulation for use in high-frequency linear arrays. It was found that the fabricated fine-scale 2-2 IB composites outperformed 1-3 IB composites with identical pillar- and kerf-widths. This result was not expected and lead to the conclusion that dicing damage was likely the cause of the discrepancy. Ultimately, a 2-2 composite fabricated using a fine-grain piezoelectric ceramic was chosen for the array. The composite was manufactured using one IB operation in the azimuth direction to produce approximately 19-μm-wide pillars separated by 6-μm-wide kerfs. The array had a 50 μm (one wavelength in water) azimuth pitch, two matching layers, and 2 mm elevation length focused to 7.3 mm using a polymethylpentene (TPX) lens. The measured pulse-echo center frequency for a representative array element was 28 MHz and -6-dB bandwidth was 61%. The measured single-element transmit -6-dB directivity was estimated to be 50°. The measured insertion loss was 19 dB after compensating for the effects of attenuation and diffraction in the water bath. A fine-wire phantom was used to assess the lateral and axial resolution of the array when paired with a prototype system utilizing a 64-channel analog beamformer. The -6-dB lateral and axial resolutions were estimated to be 125 and 68 μm, respectively. An anechoic cyst phantom was also imaged to determine the minimum detectable spherical inclusion, and thus the 3-D resolution of the array and beamformer. The minimum anechoic cyst detected was approximately 300 μm in diameter.
Neuronal differentiation in somatosensory cortex of the rat. I. Relationship to synaptogenesis in the first postnatal week

Newborn (P-0 and P-1) through 6-day-old (P-6) rats were studied using light microscopic (Golgi) and ultrastructural methods. Previous studies demonstrated that early-formed synapses are concentrated at specific cortical depths, i.e. in strata. The present study shows that the synaptic stratum in the marginal zone corresponds to a dense fiber plexus and few somata (Cajal-Retzius cells). Axons in this zone almost exclusively form synapses on distal branches of dendrites originating in deeper lamina. In newborn neocortex there is a second synaptic stratum located deep to the cortical plate. It contains numerous axosomatic and axoproximal dendritic synapses as well as the most highly differentiated somata and proximal dendrites. By age P-6 there are 3 synaptic strata; one each in the marginal zone, cortical plate and 'subplate' layers. For all 3 strata a neuron's most differentiated dendrites are directed towards, traverse or run within, the nearest synaptic stratum. We conclude that, throughout the first postnatal week, the most mature dendrites of a given neuron generally occur at depths where synapse density is highest. At P-0 the most mature somata are similarly related to synaptic density.
Research methodology: method and representation in Internet-based survey tools—mobility, community, and cultural identity in Survey2000

The Survey2000 Project is the largest and most comprehensive Internet-based social science survey to date. Along with generating interesting data about geographic mobility, feelings of community, a...
The N-clasp of human DNA polymerase κ promotes blockage or error-free bypass of adenine- or guanine-benzo[a]pyrenyl lesions

DNA bypass polymerases are utilized to transit bulky DNA lesions during replication, but the process frequently causes mutations. The structural origins of mutagenic versus high fidelity replication in lesion bypass is therefore of fundamental interest. As model systems, we investigated the molecular basis of the experimentally observed essentially faithful bypass of the guanine 10S-(+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N2-dG adduct by the Y-family human DNA polymerase κ, and the observed blockage of pol κ produced by the adenine 10S-(+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N2-dA adduct. These lesions are derived from the most tumorigenic metabolite of the ubiquitous cancer-causing pollutant, benzo[a]pyrene. We compare our results for the dG adduct with our earlier studies for the pol κ archaeal homolog Dpo4, which processes the same lesion in an error-prone manner. Molecular modeling, molecular mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized. Our results show that the pol κ N-clasp is a key structural feature that accounts for the dA adduct blockage and the near-error-free bypass of the dG lesion. Absence of the N-clasp in Dpo4 explains the error-prone processing of the same lesion by this enzyme. Thus, our studies elucidate structure-function relationships in the fidelity of lesion bypass.
The Power of Mutual Aid in the Educational Process: A Seminar for New Field Instructors of Trainees

ABSTRACT The promotion of mutual aid has special value to seminars for new supervisors of trainees. Sharing the benefits, potential strains, and demands in the assumption of this role facilitates a smooth progression toward increased professional competence. This socialization process is enhanced by the provision of adequate support through the processes of mutual aid. Challenges and obstacles to mutual aid in these seminars relate to the intrinsic difficulties regarding fears of discomfort and exposure, desire for an expert to emerge, and challenges in maintaining a balance between didactic teaching methods and mediation of group processes that promote mutuality, collaboration, and reciprocity. Illustrations provide guidance to seminar facilitators, create a foundation for understanding these processes, and promote recognition of opportunities for the enhancement and maximization of mutual aid.