cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A ‘turbulent spot’ in an axisymmetric free shear layer. Part 1

A three-dimensional ‘turbulent spot’ has been induced in the axisymmetric free mixing layer of a 12.7 cm diameter air jet by a spark generated at the nozzle boundary layer upstream of the exit. The spot coherent-structure signature, buried in the large-amplitude random fluctuating signal, has been educed at three downstream stations within the apparent self-preserving region of the mixing layer (i.e. x/D = 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5) at the jet exit speed of 20 ms−1. The eduction has been performed through digital phase averaging of the spot signature from 200 realizations. In order to reduce the effect of the turbulence-induced jitter on the phase average, individual filtered signal arrays were optimally time-aligned through an iterative process of cross-correlation of each realization with the ensemble average. Further signal enhancement was achieved through rejection of realizations requiring excessive time shifts for alignment. The number of iterations required and the fraction of realizations rejected progressively increase with the downstream distance and the radial position.The mixing-layer spot is a large-scale elongated structure spanning the entire width of the layer but does not appear to exhibit a self-similar shape. The dynamics of the mixing-layer spot and its eduction are more complicated than those of the boundary-layer spot. The spot initially moves downstream essentially at a uniform speed across the mixing layer, but further downstream it accelerates on the high-speed side and decelerates on the low-speed side. This paper discusses the data acquisition and processing techniques and the results based on the streamwise velocity signals. Phase average distributions of vorticity, pseudo-streamlines, coherent and background Reynolds stresses and further dynamics of the spot are presented in part 2 (Hussain, Kleis & Sokolov 1980).
Terrestrial evidence for the Lilliput effect across the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary

Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that the Lilliput effect (reduction of body size in biota associated with the aftermath of mass extinctions) affected all trophic levels in the marine realm following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) event. However, it is unclear if this size change was strictly a marine signal, or a global phenomenon that also affected continental ecosystems. Herein we present the results of an ichnological proxy for body size of soil-dwelling insects across the K-Pg boundary in Big Bend National Park, Texas, U.S.A. Quantitative efforts focused on Naktodemasis bowni, which are characterized as unbranching burrows composed of ellipsoidal packets of backfill menisci. These traces were likely produced by beetle larvae or cicada nymphs based on previous comparison with structures generated in modern soils and laboratory experiments. As an approximation for the body size of the subterranean insects, this dataset indicates that a smaller N. bowni diameter (DN) is statistically correlated (α
Engaging the Underground: An STS Field in Formation

Rather than existing a priori , the underground comes to be through interlinked political, economic, cultural, and technoscientific practices and processes. Underlying each of these are issues of knowledge, expertise and power that STS is uniquely positioned to explore. In this thematic collection, our focus on the underground draws attention to the work, knowledge, and placemaking activities of those engaged in mining and energy development. We focus on how questions about extraction and burial are posed and deliberated through maps and models. More generally, we highlight the contributions of STS Underground, a network that in its nascent stage is helping to connect the many STS scholars who seek to use the underground as a source, site, and symbol for thinking of the future of the field, as well as their personal interventions as engaged scholars.
LAPLACE'S METHOD, STATIONARY PHASE, SADDLE POINTS, AND A THEOREM OF LALLEY

The purpose here is to discuss three useful asymptotic techniques from applied mathematics, and to illustrate them with a recent theorem of Steven Lalley. The techniques are (i) Laplace’s method, (ii) the method of stationary phase, and (iii) saddle point methods. The first item (Laplace’s method) is sufficiently elementary that you may have been using it for years without knowing that it had a name. The method of stationary phase is a complex analog, and saddle point methods are an amalgam of the two for contour integrals in the complex plane. See Erdelyi (1956) and Sirovich (1971) for more detail.
Shock Waves and Entropy

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of shock waves and entropy. It describes systems of the first order partial differential equations in conservation form: ∂ t U + ∂ X F = 0, F = F(u). In many cases, all smooth solutions of the first order partial differential equations in conservation form satisfy an additional conservation law where U is a convex function of u. The chapter discusses that for all weak solutions of ∂ t u j +∂ x f j = 0, j=1,…, m, f j =f j (u 1 ,…, u m ), which are limits of solutions of modifications ∂ t u j +∂ x f j = 0, j=1,…, m, f j =f j (u 1 ,…, u m ) , by the introduction of various kinds of dissipation, satisfy the entropy inequality, that is, ∂ t U + ∂ x F≦ 0. The chapter also explains that for weak solutions, which contain discontinuities of moderate strength, ∂ t U + ∂ x F≦ 0 is equivalent to the usual shock condition involving the number of characteristics impinging on the shock. The chapter also describes all possible entropy conditions of ∂ t U + ∂ x F≦ 0 that can be associated to a given hyperbolic system of two conservation laws.
Partially shared objects and the (Elusive) potential of expansive learning: the case of “jury” in community-based citizenship classes for Nepali-speaking Bhutanese refugee elders

This article focuses on community-based citizenship classes for Bhutanese refugee elders held in central Ohio. As part of a larger longitudinal study centered in the ethnographic and discou...
Silent Public Health Disasters: An Anthropo-ecological Approach

Some public health disasters may be ongoing, spreading but remain largely “silent”. This chapter clarifies the notion of silent public health disasters and applies this to the context of atypical drug-resistant tuberculosis (ADR-TB). It examines the nature of antimicrobial drug-resistance generally and ADR-TB in particular with the attendant public health implications. In addition, the chapter examines the attendant ethical quandaries and develops an anthropo-ecological moral approach in relation to engaging these moral perplexities.
Signature of Topologically Persistent Points for 3D Point Cloud Description

We present the Signature of Topologically Persistent Points (STPP), a global descriptor that encodes topological invariants of 3D point cloud data. These topological invariants include the zeroth and first homology groups and are computed using persistent homology, a method for finding the features of a topological space at different spatial resolutions. STPP is a competitive 3D point cloud descriptor when compared to the state of art and is resilient to noisy sensor data. We demonstrate experimentally on a publicly available RGB-D dataset that STPP can be used as a distinctive signature, thus allowing for 3D point cloud processing tasks such as object detection and classification.
Steady-State Data Reconciliation Framework for a Direct Continuous Tableting Line

Reliable process monitoring in real-time remains a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Dealing with random and gross errors in the process measurements in a systematic way is a potential solution. In this paper, we present a process model-based framework, which for given sensor network and measurement uncertainties will predict the most likely state of the process. Thus, real-time process decisions, whether for process control or exceptional events management, can be based on the most reliable estimate of the process state. Reliable process monitoring is achieved by using data reconciliation (DR) and gross error detection (GED) to mitigate the effects of random measurement errors and non-random sensor malfunctions. Steady-state data reconciliation (SSDR) is the simplest forms of DR but offers the benefits of short computational times. We also compare and contrast the model-based DR approach (SSDR-M) to the purely data-driven approach (SSDR-D) based on the use of principal component constructions. We report the results of studies on a pilot plant-scale continuous direct compression-based tableting line at steady-state in two subsystems. If the process is linear or mildly nonlinear, SSDR-M and SSDR-D give comparable results for the variables estimation and GED. SSDR-M also complies with mass balances and estimate unmeasured variables. SSDR successfully estimates the true state of the process in presence of gross errors, as long as steady state is maintained and the redundancy requirement is met. Gross errors are also detected while using SSDR-M or SSDR-D. Process monitoring is more reliable while using the SSDR framework.
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Decompression Guided by Preoperative Ultrasound Mapping

Injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) from compression or entrapment may result in meralgia paresthetica, a painful mononeuropathy of the anterolateral thigh. Surgical decompression of the LFCN may provide relief when conservative management fails. However, the considerable anatomic variability of this nerve may complicate surgical localization and thus prolong operative time. Herein, we report the use of preoperative high-resolution ultrasonography to map the LFCN in a patient with bilateral meralgia paresthetica. This simple, noninvasive imaging technique was seen to be effective at providing precise localization of the entrapped and, in this case, bilateral anatomically variant nerves. Preoperative high-resolution ultrasound mapping of the LCFN can be used to facilitate precise operative localization in the treatment of bilateral meralgia paresthetica. This is especially useful in the setting of suspected unusual nerve anatomy.
Expectativas de los Doctorandos Chilenos: Insumos para la Elaboración de un Perfil de Egreso Doctoral

espanolEn este estudio se propone identificar las expectativas de los doctorandos de las areas de educacion y ciencias sociales chilenos, sobre la formacion en este nivel, con la finalidad de obtener insumos para la posterior elaboracion de un Perfil de Egreso doctoral que contemple estas expectativas. Para el levantamiento de los datos se confecciono un instrumento de abstraccion mixto que caracteriza tres dimensiones: una dimension relativa a las expectativas de los doctorandos en terminos academicos, otra a las razones de la eleccion del programa que se cursa y la ultima a las proyecciones y elementos de contexto como becas y procesos de acreditacion. La metodologia utilizada es cuantitativa no experimental, de corte transversal sobre las frecuencias. Como resultados, se presentan las expectativas de los doctorandos en cada una de las dimensiones antes senaladas, permitiendo establecer las competencias que ha de contener un programa de doctorado chileno EnglishIn this study, it is proposed to identify the expectations of doctoral students in the areas of education and social sciences in Chile, on training at this level, to obtain inputs for the subsequent preparation of a doctoral graduate profile that includes these expectations. To collect the data, a mixed abstraction instrument was developed which characterizes three dimensions: a dimension related to the doctoral students' expectations in academic terms, another to the reasons for the choice of the program being studied and the last one to the projections and context elements such as scholarships and accreditation processes. The methodology used is quantitative, non-experimental, of cross-section over the frequencies. As results, the doctoral students' expectations in each of the aforementioned dimensions are presented, allowing to establish the competences that a Chilean doctorate program must contain.
Experiences of African American Breast Cancer Survivors Using Digital Scales and Activity Trackers in a Weight Gain Prevention Intervention: Qualitative Study

Background: The use of digital tools to promote daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking may be a promising strategy for weight control among African American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). There have been no studies exploring the acceptability and feasibility of using digital tools for weight control or qualitative studies characterizing perceptions of daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking among AABCS. Objective: This study aimed to explore the subjective experiences of daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking using digital tools, including wireless scales and activity trackers, in a sample of AABCS participating in two technology-based weight gain prevention interventions over 6 months. Methods: Semistructured interviews (N=21) were conducted in person or over the phone, were audio recorded, and then transcribed verbatim. Each transcript was read to identify key themes and develop a codebook. Each transcript was coded using Atlas.ti software, and code outputs were used to identify overarching themes and patterns in the data. Results: On average, participants were 52.6 (SD 8.3) years of age, with obesity at baseline (BMI 33.1 kg/m2, SD 5.9), and weighed on 123.4 (SD 48.0) days out of the 168 days (73.5%) in the study period. Women tended to attribute their weight gain to cancer treatment and framed program benefits in terms of improved quality of life and perceptions of prolonging their survival following treatment. Using the smart scale for daily self-weighing was viewed as the tool by which participants could control their weight and improve their health and well-being posttreatment. The activity tracker increased awareness of physical activity and motivated participants to be more active. Conclusions: Participants reported positive experiences and benefits from daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking. Findings suggest that daily self-weighing and daily activity tracking using digital tools are well-received, acceptable, and feasible intervention strategies for AABCS in the context of posttreatment weight management.
Abstract 173: Profiling T cell clonality in FFPE samples using a targeted sequencing approach: Critical parameters and limitations

With the rapid development of immuno-therapy approaches for cancer treatment, tools that characterize tumor-infiltrating immune cells fuel new opportunities to better understand the natural defense mechanisms against tumor cells. The AmpliSeqTM for Illumina Immune Repertoire Plus, TCR beta SR Panel is a targeted sequencing assay that assesses T cell clonal diversity by amplifying the CDR3 region of the TCRβ gene in both DNA or RNA. This study describes the performance of this assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as high-quality input as well as formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples, using the MiXCR Immune Repertoire Analyzer app for clonotype analysis. Multiple replicate libraries prepared from RNA (n=6) and DNA (n=12) extracted from the same PBMC donor showed a minimum of 96.4% alignment, with high reproducibility between replicates for clonotypes ( Citation Format: Valerie N. Montel, Stephanie B. Greene, Jeff H. Tsai. Profiling T cell clonality in FFPE samples using a targeted sequencing approach: Critical parameters and limitations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 173.
Introduction of a community health worker diabetes coach improved glycemic control in an urban primary care clinic

Abstract The burden of diabetes is higher in urban areas and among racial and ethnic minorities. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of extending a diabetes intervention program (DIP) by engaging a team, including a community health worker (CHW), to provide care for patients to meet glycemic control, specifically in a predominantly urban, minority patient population. The DIP enrolled diabetic patients from an internal medicine clinic. A CHW facilitated the collection of glucose meter readings. The CHW coached patients on glycemic control while the CHW’s registered nurse partner titrated the patient’s recommended insulin dose. Subsequent HbA1c values for participants were compared to those seen at the same clinic who were not enrolled. The DIP was deployed for nine months. One hundred forty-four patients were enrolled in the DIP and 348 patients constituted the comparator group. Ninety-three DIP participants had pre- and post-intervention HbA1c values and were compared to 348 non-DIP participants. Propensity score weighted adjusted analyses suggest that participants were more likely to reduce their HbA1c values by at least 1.0% and have HbA1c values of less than 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) than non-participants (adjusted odds ratio = aOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.26–1.71, and aOR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.43, respectively). CHW coaches as part of a team in a clinical setting improved glycemic control in a predominantly urban, minority patient population.
Maternal and Child Symptoms Following COVID-19 Vaccination Among Breastfeeding Mothers.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on breastfeeding is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether vaccine-related side effects following COVID-19 vaccination were associated with an adverse impact on breastfeeding. Secondarily, we sought to determine perceived symptoms in breastfed children and maternal opinion about COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of breastfeeding mothers who underwent COVID-19 vaccination >2 days before the survey. Subjects were recruited through social media and websites. Data included sociodemographic information, vaccine history, maternal and child symptoms, and impact on lactation/breastfeeding. Bivariate statistics (chi-square, Wilcoxon rank sum, and t tests) and multivariable logistic regression models examined the association of vaccine side effects with lactation, symptoms in breastfed children, and maternal opinion on vaccination. Results: Analysis included 4,455 breastfeeding mothers. Maternal postvaccination symptoms were more common after the second dose (p < 0.001). Overall, 77 (1.7%) respondents reported a negative impact on breastfeeding postvaccination, and these mothers were more likely to have experienced fatigue, headache, muscle pain, injection site pain, chills, fever, or allergic reactions. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher odds of an adverse impact on lactation were associated with lower breastfeeding intensity, dose of vaccine, and child symptoms. Even among mothers who reported an adverse impact on breastfeeding, maternal opinion about vaccination and confidence in their decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine were high. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding mothers resulted in minimal disruption of lactation or adverse impact on the breastfed child. These findings may be considered in vaccination decision-making.
The Study of IoT MQTT Publish Latency

The Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-networking of physical devices, vehicles (also referred to as connected devices and smart devices), buildings, and other itemsembedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. IoT allows objects to be controlled and gather information remotely across the already established network.In this paper, IoT latencies based on MQTT protocol are studied. Latency test results on Linux-based platform - Raspberry Pi using programming language C and Python are compared. Latency test results based on bare-metal embedded system are also described. MQTT local broker and remote broker are compared for all the testing results. These research results can help us to get a better understanding of the IoT performance for message publish and can be used as a metrics during IoT implementations.
Estimation of Warfarin Dosage with Reinforcement Learning.

In this paper, it has attempted to use Reinforcement learning to model the proper dosage of Warfarin for patients.The paper first examines two baselines: a fixed model of 35 mg/week dosages and a linear model that relies on patient data. We implemented a LinUCB bandit that improved performance measured on regret and percent incorrect. On top of the LinUCB bandit, we experimented with online supervised learning and reward reshaping to boost performance. Our results clearly beat the baselines and show the promise of using multi-armed bandits and artificial intelligence to aid physicians in deciding proper dosages.
How are service automation and national ICT development associated with international trade in services

This study aims to investigate how service automation is associated with the volume of international trade in services and how the interactions of automation, industry, and national ICT development...
Perspectives, past, present and future: the proline cycle/proline-collagen regulatory axis.

In the 35 years since the introduction of the "proline cycle", its relevance to human tumors has been widely established. These connections are based on a variety of mechanisms discovered by many laboratories and have stimulated the search for small molecule inhibitors to treat cancer or metastases. In addition, the multi-layered connections of the proline cycle and the role of proline and hydroxyproline in collagen provide an important regulatory link between the extracellular matrix and metabolism.
Clinical Management of Patients With Parenteral Nutrition–Dependent Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy

Background: Patients with intestinal failure, who are dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) to supplement their limited absorption of dietary nutrients, are subject to complications associated with long-term PN therapy. Medication therapy that results in improved dietary nutrient absorption may enable these patients to reduce or even become independent from PN therapy and its related complications. The glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) analogue teduglutide was approved for use in such patients by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2012. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the experience of 7 patients with PN-dependent intestinal failure who were treated with teduglutide by a single center that had been involved in the teduglutide clinical trials. Results: Two patients who were treated during the clinical trials and 5 others who were treated since teduglutide came to market in the United States are described. Protocols used to prepare and monitor patients with this drug and PN weaning ...
Role of the actin cytoskeleton in acinar cell protein secretion

All eukaryotic cells, including the pancreatic acinar cell, tightly control organization of their cytoplasm which in large part relies on the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is comprised of three filament types: microtubules (tubulin), intermediate filaments (keratins), and microfilaments (actin). In addition to characteristics common to all cells, the pancreatic acinar cell is a polarized epithelial cell with a vectorial arrangement of the secretory machinery and apically-directed protein secretion, with important roles of the cytoskeleton in this polarity. The most investigated of the cytoskeleton elements in the acinar cell are actin-based microfilaments which are involved in regulated protein secretion. The development of the fluorescent Lifeact probe for realtime visualization of actin dynamics in live cells makes this an exciting time for the field. The dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton associated with protein secretion is the focus of this review.
The Link Between Organizational Bodies and Fortification Strategies and Practice: The Role of the Flour Fortification Initiative

At first glance, using fortified flour to address a country’s vitamin and mineral deficiencies seems to be a simple proposition. Adding nutrients to flour is no more complicated than adding “improvers” that modern mills already include to enhance the flour’s texture and shelf life. Flour has been fortified since the 1940s, so the technology and tools are readily available. Flour milling is usually a centralized process which makes quality assurance and quality control easier. Foods made with wheat and maize flours are commonly consumed, making flour fortification an effective tool for reaching most of the population.
Gas chromatographic studies on group vib organometallic complexes : The analytical and preparative separation of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten trifluorophosphine carbonyl complexes

Abstract The separation and determination of isomeric trifluorophosphine carbonyl complexes of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten have been achieved. Both analytical and preparative separations have been carried out on the synthetic products obtained from the irradiation of the metal hexacarbonyl in the presence of trifluorophosphine. Product composition was confirmed by infrared spectrophotometry. Chromatographic figures of merit were calculated to indicate column performance for these compounds.
Regulation of H2 oxidation activity and hydrogenase protein levels by H2, O2, and carbon substrates in Alcaligenes latus.

Abstract Regulation of H2 oxidation activity and hydrogenase protein levels in the free-living hydrogen bacterium Alcaligenes latus was investigated. Hydrogenase activity was induced when heterotrophically grown cells were transferred to chemolithoautotrophic conditions, i.e., in the presence of H2 and absence of carbon sources, with NH4Cl as the N source. Under these conditions, H2 oxidation activity was detectable after 30 min of incubation and reached near-maximal levels by 12 h. The levels of hydrogenase protein, as measured by a Western blot (immunoblot) assay of the hydrogenase large subunit, increased in parallel with activity. This increase suggested that the increased H2 oxidation activity was due to de novo synthesis of hydrogenase protein. H2 oxidation activity was controlled over a surprisingly wide range of H2 concentrations, between 0.001 and 30% in the gas phase. H2 oxidation activity was induced to high levels between 2 and 12.5% O2, and above 12.5% O2, H2 oxidation activity was inhibited. Almost all organic carbon sources studied inhibited the expression of hydrogenase, although none repressed hydrogenase synthesis completely. In all cases examined, hydrogenase protein, as detected by Western blot, paralleled the level of H2 oxidation activity, suggesting that control of hydrogenase activity was mediated through changes in hydrogenase protein levels.
Investment Decisions, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value

We estimate that the average value of a dollar invested in the U.S. corporate sector is $1.18. When we delete utilities and current assets, where opportunities for value added seem limited, the estimate jumps to $1.68. We use cross-section regressions to study how value is related to dividends and debt. The regressions can potentially identify tax effects, but they cannot disentangle other factors, including bankruptcy costs, agency costs, and asymmetric information. Simple tax stories say value is negatively related to dividends and positively related to debt, but we find the opposite. We infer that dividends and debt convey information about profitability that obscures any tax effects.
Simplified Method of Anaerobic Incubation

A method is described that obviates the need for vacuum and tanks of gas mixtures for anaerobiosis in the anaerobic incubator.
A Need for Quality Services in the 1990s

All service organizations need to be concerned about globalization and successful growth in the ever changing economic environment. Service companies in the midwest part of the United States were surveyed to determine how managers and their subordinates actually felt about the concept of "innovation through total quality." A discrepancy between the perception of total quality as a means to achieve sustainable advantage and the actual implementation of such a strategy was perceived. Some conclusions posed were that managers need to invest more in promoting quality by increasing training, measuring the efforts of individuals within the organization more effectively, and rewarding these individuals with higher compensation for superior performance.
What is the Future for Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia needs a fully effective and functional Constitution for B.I.H. that will regularly produce a B.I.H. government that can actually work for the benefit of all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina irrespective of their national, ethnical, racial, or religious affiliations, and thus guarantee the existence of B.I.H. as a state for the historical future.
Biological availability of phosphorus in defluorinated phosphates with different phosphorus solubilities in neutral ammonium citrate for chicks and pigs

Two experiments were conducted to assess the bioavailability of P in five sources of defluorinated phosphate (DFP) that differed in P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate (NAC). In Exp. 1, 384 2-d-old male chicks were fed a corn-cornstarch-dextrose-soybean meal basal diet (1.22% lysine, 1.00% Ca, .45% P) or the basal with .05 or .10% P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), or .10% P from DFP with 60, 70, 75, 82, or 91% NAC soluble P. Each diet was fed to six pen replicates of eight chicks per pen for 14 d (58 to 402 g). Growth rate, feed/gain, and tibia breaking strength and ash concentration were improved (P < .001) by P supplementation, regardless of P source. Tibia strength and ash were regressed on P intake, and slope-ratios were calculated to assess the relative bioavailability of P in the DFP sources. The bioavailabilities of P in the 60, 70, 75, 82, and 91% NAC soluble DFP sources, relative to MSP (given a value of 100), were 81, 75, 84, 84, and 91%, respectively (linear, P < .08). In Exp. 2, 35 individually penned pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine, .75% Ca, .33% P) or the basal with .15% P from MSP or from the five DFP sources. Each diet was fed to five pigs for 33 d (15.0 to 35.9 kg). Growth rate, feed/gain, and breaking strength of the metacarpals, metatarsals, and femurs were improved (P < .001) by MSP and DFP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resource optimization of CDMA systems for supporting integrated voice and data traffic

In this paper, we optimize the usage of both control and traffic channels of a CDMA system by switching the MAC states of a service. In particular, we find the optimal transition timers for a cdma2000 system supporting integrated voice and data traffic. This is achieved by optimizing a composite performance metric defined as a multi-objective function of channel utilization, waiting time and the saving in the signalling overhead. First, we try to characterize wireless data as a mix of of Poisson-distributed voice packets and Pareto-distributed data packets, and study the effect of the composition of the mix and the shape parameter of Pareto distribution on the system performance. Then we derive analytical expressions for the composite performance metric with a goal to obtain the optimal values of expiration timers at which the MAC states should be switched such that the system performance is maximized. Since a closed form solution could not be obtained due to the transcendental nature of the analytical expression, simulation experiments are conducted to confirm the analysis.
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in autoimmune thyroid disease

Four patients are described who were found to have autoimmune thyroid disease associated with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. The patients were not receiving any medications known to cause lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Their response to steroid therapy and the relapse of their clinical symptoms after steroid withdrawal support an underlying immunologic dysfunction. It is proposed that lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis may be yet another manifestation of immune dysfunction in autoimmune thyroid disease.
Development of GABA responsiveness in embryonic turtle cortical neurons.

Abstract The whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to study the development of functional GABA receptors in cortical neurons dissociated from embryonic turtles. GABA elicited an increase in membrane conductance, even from cells obtained from the earliest stages of corticogenesis. The GABA-mediated conductance had a mean value 7.4 times greater than membrane ‘leak’ conductance and increased with developmental age. In all stages studied, the response inverted polarity at a value approximating E Cl and was blocked by applications of bicuculline, suggesting that it was mediated by GABA A receptors. GABA receptors are thus present and functional very early in corticogenesis, preceding electrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and full neuronal differentiation.
Organosilicon-Based Multifunctional β-Diketones and their Rhodium and Iridium Complexes

Six new organosilicon-based bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(β-diketones) and their RhI(COD) and IrI(COD) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) complexes have been prepared and characterized. The β-diketones, (CH3)4−nSi(4-C6H4CH(COR)2)n (n = 2, 3, 4; R = Me, Et), were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes (CH3)4−nSi(4-C6H4CHO)n by reaction with trimethyl phosphite-α-diketone adducts. Reaction with [M(COD)(μ-Cl)]2 (M = Rh and Ir) produces the Rh and Ir complexes, three of which have been characterized by X-ray analysis. The β-diketone moieties are ca. 13.3 A apart, which leads to intramolecular M···M distances in the complexes averaging ca. 15.6 A. The present organosilicon-based route is expected to be useful for the construction of a variety of polytopic molecules containing either β-diketone or other functional groups and polygonal or polyhedral metal complexes based on them.
VRCon: dynamic reconfiguration of voltage regulators in a multicore platform

The emerging trend toward utilizing chip multi-core processors (CMPs) that support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is driven by user requirements for high performance and low power. To overcome limitations of the conventional chip-wide DVFS and achieve the maximum possible energy saving, per-core DVFS is being enabled in the recent CMP offerings. While power consumed by the CMP is reduced by per-core DVFS, power dissipated by many voltage regulators (VRs) needed to support per-core DVFS becomes critical. This paper focuses on the dynamic control of the VRs in a CMP platform. Starting with a proposed platform with a configurable VR-to-core power distribution network, two optimization methods are presented to maximize the system-wide energy savings: (i) reactive VR consolidation to reconfigure the network for maximizing the power conversion efficiency of the VRs performed under the pre-determined DVFS levels for the cores, and (ii) proactive VR consolidation to determine new DVFS levels for maximizing the total energy savings without any performance degradation. Results from detailed experiments demonstrate up to 35% VR energy loss reduction and 14% total energy saving.
Religiosity and Migration Aspirations among Mexican Youth

International migration has become an important topic of discussion from a policy and humanitarian perspective. Part of the debate includes a renewed interest in understanding the factors that influence decisions about migration to the US among Mexican youth still residing in their country of origin. The purpose of this study was to advance knowledge specifically about internal and external religiosity and their influence on youths’ migration aspirations. The data for this study were collected in 2007 from students enrolled in an alternative high school program located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The findings indicated that as external religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA decreases. Furthermore, as internal religiosity increases, the desire to work or live in the USA and plans to migrate increase. The results are interpreted and discussed in light of previous research on religious and cultural norm adherence.
Rupture of Descemet's membrane secondary to presumed forceps trauma

Abstract Ruptures in Descemet's membrane can occur secondary to forceps injury at birth, prolonged labor, blunt trauma, keratoconus, and congenital glaucoma as well as other less frequent causes. The rupture initially causes acute comeal hydrops which resolves within weeks to leave permanent linear thickening of Descemet's membrane. It is important to differentiate Descemet's rupture from other entities like syphilitic interstitial keratitis, posterior polymorphous dystrophy and congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy which may have a similar clinical presentation. Although treatment is rarely required, proper diagnosis is important to prevent unnecessary referrals and provide appropriate counseling. This case report examines a 66-year-old female with Descemet's rupture secondary to presumed forceps trauma at birth. Discussion of clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and clinical management are presented.
Immunosuppressive therapy: guidelines for drug dosage. Depression of bone marrow granulocyte reserves in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Marrow granulocyte reserves, when estimated by the granulocyte response to etiocholanolone (GRE), are smaller in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in a comparable group of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). Consequently, the dose of azathioprine tolerated by patients with SLE was only one-half that tolerated by patients with CGN. Use of the GRE as a guide to therapy may permit individualization of dosage so that maximum tolerated doses of immunosuppressive drugs can be given to each patient.
Marine electromagnetic methods—A new tool for offshore exploration

Electromagnetic survey methods, used for decades mainly for mining exploration on land, have burst upon the offshore hydrocarbon exploration scene over the past five years. This move, driven by the costs and challenges associated with the deepwater exploration environment, has left many companies scrambling to understand new and unfamiliar technologies, and has resulted in a sudden expansion of the portfolios of the few “nonseismic” geophysicists left in the oil industry. Of the two main methods, magnetotelluric (MT) surveys are at least somewhat familiar from their use on land as a reconnaissance tool and for problem-solving in areas of poor seismic performance, and to a large extent can be applied to the marine environment in a similar way to their terrestrial counterparts. The other dominant technology, controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) sounding, has featured much less in land exploration, but more importantly behaves so very differently in the deepwater marine environment that it might as well ...
The struggle for black land rights in Brazil: an insider's view on quilombos and the quilombo land movement

Abstract In recent years, land movements in many countries of the Global South have played a pivotal role in pressuring their government to pass new land legislation that recognizes both customary and ethnic land rights. In Brazil, Afro-Brazilian land activists lobbied the government to include protection of the territorial and cultural integrity of black rural communities in the 1988 constitution. Since the mid-1990s, the national quilombo movement has effectively mobilized rural black communities around the issues of landownership and the regularization of quilombo territories.
Mitochondrial glutathione modulates TNF-α-induced endothelial cell dysfunction

The effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine (BSO) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. Cells with marked depletion of cytoplasmic GSH, but with an intact pool of mitochondrial GSH, only slightly enhanced TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, compared with the control. However, TNF-a-induced expression of both molecules was markedly enhanced when the mitochondrial GSH pool was diminished to <15% of the control. In contrast, TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was not affected by the depletion of either cytoplasmic or mitochondrial GSH. Marked enhancement of TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression by the depletion of mitochondrial GSH resulted in increased in mononuclear leukocyte adhesion to treated HUVECs, compared with the control. These effects parallel reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by the depletion of mitochondrial but not cytoplasmic GSH. Our findings demonstrate that depletion of mitochondrial GSH renders more ROS generation in HUVECs, and mitochondrial GSH modulates TNF-alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression and mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in HUVECs.
Hyperbolicity of the fixed point set for the simple genetic algorithm

We study an infinite population model for the genetic algorithm, where the iteration of the algorithm corresponds to an iteration of a map G. The map G is a composition of a selection operator and a mixing operator, where the latter models effects of both mutation and crossover. We examine the hyperbolicity of fixed points of this model. We show that for a typical mixing operator all the fixed points are hyperbolic.
Pentoxifylline Improves Skeletal Muscle Recovery After Acute Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury

Purpose: Skeletal muscle ischemia is associated with complex interactions involving neutrophils, erythrocytes, oxygen free radicals, and complement factors that lead to development of reperfusion injury on restoration of blood flow. Pentoxifylline is known to decrease neutrophil margination, improve erythrocyte passage through the capillary system, and possibly serve as an oxygen radical scavenger. The authors hypothesized that the addition of pentoxifylline to the reperfusate might improve muscle recovery after acute ischemic injury. Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits underwent vascular isolation of both hind limbs, leaving the external iliac and femoral arteries as sole inflow arteries for each respective limb. The animal was secured to an operating board such that each tibialis anterior muscle was attached to a force transducer, and muscle contractions after maximal tetanic stimulation were recorded on an oscilloscope at timed intervals. Acute occlusion was induced in the right hind limb by use of removable vascular clips and continued until <15% of contralateral limb function was achieved. The animal was then reperfused with saline control or pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg) treated. Muscle function was recorded in each limb at 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after reperfusion. Results: A continual trend of muscle function improvement was noted in the pentoxifylline-treated group, reaching statistical significance compared with controls after 30 minutes (16.8% of contralateral limb; P<0.04) and 120 minutes (36.7% of contralateral limb; P<0.04) of reperfusion. Control animals failed to demonstrate significant improvement in muscle function over the 2-hour reperfusion period. Conclusion: Pentoxifylline improved muscle function recovery after acute ischemic injury in the rabbit hind limb model.
The Life Cycle of Digital Reference Sources

Academic libraries increasingly complement print-based reference collections with digitally-based reference for financial and educational reasons. However, library collection policies have sometimes lagged behind the technology curve. Too often, reference collection management practices have reflected a responsive attitude rather than a responsible, strategic stance. Many costs are associated with this service, and intellectual and psychological considerations make these resources a complex set of issues. This article examines the life cycle of digital reference sources by focusing on subscription databases: assessment, selection, acquisition, Web presentation and maintenance, archiving and preservation, and de-selection. It offers factors to consider because academic librarians must make decisions about these increasingly dynamic collections.
Generalized Coprime Array Configurations for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation

A coprime array uses two uniform linear subarrays to construct an effective difference coarray with certain desirable characteristics, such as a high number of degrees-of-freedom for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we generalize the coprime array concept with two operations. The first operation is through the compression of the inter-element spacing of one subarray and the resulting structure treats the existing variations of coprime array configurations as well as the nested array structure as its special cases. The second operation exploits two displaced subarrays, and the resulting coprime array structure allows the minimum inter-element spacing to be much larger than the typical half-wavelength requirement, making them useful in applications where a small interelement spacing is infeasible. The performance of the generalized coarray structures is evaluated using their difference coarray equivalence. In particular, we derive the analytical expressions for the coarray aperture, the achievable number of unique lags, and the maximum number of consecutive lags for quantitative evaluation, comparison, and design of coprime arrays. The usefulness of these results is demonstrated using examples applied for DOA estimations utilizing both subspace-based and sparse signal reconstruction techniques.
Effect of (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxy) propyl] cytosine on the replication and morphogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract Treatment of African green monkey kidney cells with 1 μ/ml of (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxy) propyl] cytosine (HPMPC) inhibited the release of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by more than 90%. Electron microscopic observations of HPMPC-treated monkey kidney cells demonstrated few intracellular or extracellular viral particles. The viral particles seen were without dense cores. In addition, HPMPC blocked cell fusion induced by HSV-1 in monkey kidney cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that HPMPC significantly blocked the expression of HSV-1-specific proteins. Furthermore, HPMPC inhibited the synthesis of viral DNA as determined by in situ hybridization. These results indicate that HPMPC inhibits the replication of HSV by blocking one of the events involved in DNA synthesis.
Improving Yolk-Contaminated Egg White by Heat Treatments

Abstract THE sources of small amounts of egg yolk which contaminates liquid egg white were discussed by Bergquist et al. (1956) and by Smith (1959). The published information on the adverse effects of yolk on white performance was reviewed by Cotterill and Funk (1963). Further effects of yolk in egg white were shown by Cunningham (1963) and Cunningham and Cotterill (1964). The concentrations of yolk which are harmful, expressed on a liquid basis, are about 0.2% in a liquid system and 0.02% (on initial liquid basis) in egg white solids. Although considerable progress has been made by industry research groups in improving performance of yolk-contaminated white, publications in this regard have been nil and an understanding of the mechanisms involved has not been developed. Gardner (1960) and Cotterill et al. (1963) furnished information on a role that chemical additives play in altering the functional performance of yolk-free and yolk-contaminated white. While…