cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium etidronate in adult cats

Abstract Sodium etidronate is a phosphonate which prevents the conversion, of calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite. It had been suggested as an agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Sodium etidronate was given orally to adult cats at dosages of 500 or 50 mg. per kilogram per day for 6 weeks and 25, 10, and 1 mg. per kilogram per day for 6 months. The majority of the high-dosage group died and had high serum creatinine values. Both high- and low-dosage groups developed abnormally high serum calcium and phosphorus values compared with control animals. The experimental animals also demonstrated increased widths of osteoid tissue, indicating morphologic osteomalacia.
Identification of Off-Target Cleavage Sites of Zinc Finger Nucleases and TAL Effector Nucleases Using Predictive Models

Using engineered nucleases, such as Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) or Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), to make targeted genomic modifications has become a common technique to create new model organisms and custom cell lines, and has shown great promise for disease treatment. However, these nucleases have the potential for off-target cleavage that could confound interpretation of experimental results and be detrimental for therapeutic use. Here, we describe a method to test for nuclease cleavage at potential off-target sites predicted by bioinformatics models.
Homeostatic circuits selectively gate food cue responses in insular cortex

Physiological needs bias perception and attention to relevant sensory cues. This process is 'hijacked' by drug addiction, causing cue-induced cravings and relapse. Similarly, its dysregulation contributes to failed diets, obesity, and eating disorders. Neuroimaging studies in humans have implicated insular cortex in these phenomena. However, it remains unclear how 'cognitive' cortical representations of motivationally relevant cues are biased by subcortical circuits that drive specific motivational states. Here we develop a microprism-based cellular imaging approach to monitor visual cue responses in the insular cortex of behaving mice across hunger states. Insular cortex neurons demonstrate food-cue-biased responses that are abolished during satiety. Unexpectedly, while multiple satiety-related visceral signals converge in insular cortex, chemogenetic activation of hypothalamic 'hunger neurons' (expressing agouti-related peptide (AgRP)) bypasses these signals to restore hunger-like response patterns in insular cortex. Circuit mapping and pathway-specific manipulations uncover a pathway from AgRP neurons to insular cortex via the paraventricular thalamus and basolateral amygdala. These results reveal a neural basis for state-specific biased processing of motivationally relevant cues.
From Bach–Busoni to Bach–Grainger: Adaptation as Composition

Percy Grainger’s nearly lifelong fascination with the music of J.S. Bach began when he encountered the Bach interpretations of Louis Pabst in Australia at the age of ten and then subsequently studied the Well-Tempered Clavier and other compositions by Bach with him. Yet it was after a few weeks of studying Bach–Busoni transcriptions with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin during the summer of 1903 that the compositions of Bach took on greater aesthetic and poietic significance for him. Even despite the fact that the relationship eventually ‘soured’, discussions with Busoni in Berlin (and subsequently in London and the United States) reinforced some of Grainger’s burgeoning countercultural aesthetic ideas, especially ones deriving from the music of Bach: scepticism about the concept of ‘originality’, an interest in flexible instrumentation, and an idealization of polyphony. Although several scholars have discussed the Busoni–Grainger relationship, its importance for Grainger’s artistic ideals has yet to be explore...
The Landscape of Iñupiat Eskimo Industrial Labor

Archaeological data from excavations at a north Alaskan commercial shore whaling station and documentary information are used to trace the development of an Inupiat Eskimo labor force in the western Arctic commercial whaling industry in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. For nearly a thousand years, I nupiat have been communal hunters of the bowhead whale. American commercial whalers arrived at Point Barrow in 1854 and in 1888 began hiring Eskimos to staff the whaling stations as wage labor. The material remuneration for labor enabled many Eskimo commoners to strive for the otherwise unattainable high-status role of traditional umialik. This initial commoditization of Eskimo labor in the western Arctic saw an incorporation of two distinctive landscapes: one indigenous and Inupiat, the other introduced and Euroamerican. These landscapes had some overlap, but were not at all coterminous; each had its own origins and means and ends, its own raison d’etre.
Upgrading Limiting Peak-Power Analysis Techniques with Modern Validation and Uncertainty Quantification for the Advanced Test Reactor

AbstractThis work supports the acceptability of the two-dimensional deterministic transport code HELIOS to replace the legacy diffusion code PDQ for computing the peak-power performance parameters of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The 95% Confidence Rule, commonly used in the commercial reactor sector, is explored to develop the so-called reliability factors that provide statistical confidence that the peak-power limits within the hottest location along a fuel plate, referred to as the hot stripe, will not be exceeded. Additionally, an alternative “legacy” methodology was explored that attempts to mimic the exact PDQ analysis process used for defining the peak-power limits. The legacy methodology involves interpolating power between regions at azimuthal boundaries subtending the regions of interest.In order to apply the 95% Confidence Rule, a statistically significant calculation-to-measurement bias must first be established. Unlike the commercial world, where thousands of power observations can be coll...
Nuclear plasmids of Dictyostelium.

Decades of studying plasmids in bacterial systems have led to their characterization as autonomously replicating, extrachromosomal DNA molecules carrying no elements essential to the viability of the organism. The information obtained through the examination of bacterial plasmids provided the foundation on which much of the progress in genetic engineering and molecular biology rests (1, 2, 3). Knowledge of plasmid biology - copy number control, compatibility, maintenance strategies, replication requirements - enabled the design of plasmid vectors with specific characteristics allowing otherwise impractical experiments.
Independence of VNTR alleles defined as floating bins.

Data bases of VNTR fragments determined for Caucasians and blacks by Cellmark Diagnostics and Lifecodes Corporation are analyzed for independence of variants within and between loci. Floating bins are constructed around specific fragment lengths and are used to define discrete genotypes. Simple [chi][sup 2] test statistics for independence of bins within and between loci are described and applied to large sets of randomly generated four-locus profiles. The proportions of significant test statistics were about as expected under the hypothesis of independence, suggesting the absence of both Hardy-Weinberg and linkage disequilibrium. In any particular forensic application, however, these need to be performed on the fragments in question. 10 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
What In Nature Is The Compulsion Of Reason

If reason is a real causal force,operative in some, but not all ofour cognition and conation, then itought to be possible to tell anaturalistic story that distinguishes themind which is moved byreason from the mind which is movedby forces other than reason.This essay proposes some steps towardthat end. I proceed by showingthat it is possible to reconcile certainemerging psychological ideasabout the causal powers of themind/brain with a venerablephilosophical vision of reason as the facultyof norms. My accountof reason is psychologistic, social, and consistent with anevolutionary approach to mind. The account preserves thenormativity by deflating it. But I argue that onlysuch deflated normativity has any chance of beingmade naturalistically respectable.
Toward The Resurrection of Optimal Macroeconomic Policies

The recognition of rational expectations has lead some to conclude that control theory is not an appropriate technique for determining policy. This conclusion is incorrect. The presence of rational expectations on the part of the public merely requires that policy makers solve a more sophisticated control problem, as we demonstrate below. Section 2 reviews the problem of the ‘inconsistency’ of optimal policies in a world of rational expectations. The problem forms the basis for the rational expectations criticism of control theory. Section 3 casts the policy making process as a dynamic Stackelberg game. After examining the mathematics of the anomaly, which hinges on the inapplicability of the Principle of Optimality, several types of control solutions which do not exhibit the anomaly are discussed. Section 4 summarises the results.
Viral Infections in Dialysis Patients Part A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Dialysis Patients

Some of the important questions for nephrologists providing maintenance hemodialysis (MH) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) to patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who are also infected with various viral agents include: a) What is the preferential mode of renal replacement therapy for ESRD patients, if the long-term prognosis is determined by the nature and severity of viral infection? b) What are the different therapeutic strategies to treat these infected patients, such as the deployment of antiviral drugs, immunomodulators, and others, and their adverse effects in patients with compromised renal function? c) What are the combined effects of superimposition of immunosuppression on chronic uremia, maintenance dialysis, renal transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy, on the natural history of viral disease, especially in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which preferentially affects the T cell system?
Blunt injury to the popliteal artery.

While a 20-year-old woman was being chased by an assailant, she tripped on railroad tracks, fell, and felt immediate pain in her left knee. As the pain led to loud screaming, the assailant fled. The emergency medical service brought the patient to a level 1 trauma center. The patient was awake and alert with normal vital signs. She was unable to move her left knee, which appeared to be dislocated. Although she had sensation in the left foot and limited movement of the left ankle and toes, there were no palpable distal pulses or Doppler signals. The most appropriate first step in the management of this patient is: 1. Left below-knee four-compartment fasciotomy. 2. CT arteriography. 3. Administration of unfractionated heparin. 4. Operative exploration. In consultation with the trauma attending surgeon, the trauma fellow administered intravenously 5000 units of unfractionated heparin in light of the probable complete occlusion of the popliteal artery and the lack of an open wound or other major associated injuries. Orthopedic surgery agreed that the patient had a posterior dislocation of the left knee with probable injury to the mid-left popliteal artery (figure 1). The dislocation was successfully reduced under intravenous sedation. No pulsations were noted in the left pedal arteries after the reduction. Figure 1 Posterior dislocation of the left knee joint. The most appropriate next step in the management of this patient is: 1. Left below-knee four-compartment fasciotomy. 2. CT arteriography. 3. Administration of aspirin (ASA) 181 mg. 4. Contact the endovascular surgeon. A one-shot left femoral arteriogram (patient cared for before availability of CT arteriography) documented a thrombosis in the left mid-popliteal artery (figure 2). Figure 2 Blunt thrombosis of the left popliteal artery behind the knee joint. The patient was typed and crossed for two units of packed red blood cells, received 1 g of cephalosporin antibiotic intravenously, and was moved to the …
On the dynamics of a class of perturbed cyclic Lotka-Volterra systems

We consider a special class of Lotka–Volterra systems where the associated interaction matrix is cyclic, but asymmetric, with a perturbation term on each row. After some discussion of the dynamics ...
Using H$\alpha$ Filaments to Probe AGN Feedback in Galaxy Clusters

Recent observations of giant ellipticals and brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) provide tentative evidence for a correlation between the luminosity of the H$\alpha$ emitting gas filaments and the strength of feedback associated with the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Motivated by this, we use 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the code Enzo to examine and quantify the relationship between the observable properties of the H$\alpha$ filaments and the kinetic and radiative feedback from supermassive black holes in BCGs. We find that the spatial extent and total mass of the filaments show positive correlations with AGN feedback power and can therefore be used as probes of the AGN activity. We also examine the relationship between the AGN feedback power and velocity dispersion of the H$\alpha$ filaments and find that the kinetic luminosity shows statistically significant correlation with the component of the velocity dispersion along the jet axis but not the components perpendicular to it.
Low Profile, Resonance Free UWB UHF Dipole Array with Integrated Bent Microstrip Balun *

This paper presents a 160–570 MHz 10 × 10 UHF., low profile dipole array (3.9 m × 3.5 m × 21.7 cm), which will be installed on the radar to perform 3D ice bed topography imaging and mapping. To reduce the profile and avoid the common mode resonance of closely coupled array elements., a bent tapered microstrip balun with shorts is proposed. The overall array height is 0.12λlow (wavelength at the lowest frequency). The array has a 10-dB return loss bandwidth of 112.3% and a realized gain of 13.5-27 dBi. A single array element was fabricated and the measured response show a good agreement with the simulation results.
Towards a Soft Fingertip with Integrated Sensing and Actuation

Soft material robots are attractive for safe interaction with humans and unstructured environments due to their compliance and low intrinsic stiffness and mass. These properties enable new capabilities such as the ability to conform to environmental geometry for tactile sensing and to undergo large shape changes for actuation. Due to the complex coupling between sensing and actuation in high-dimensional nonlinear soft systems, prior work in soft robotics has primarily focused on either sensing or actuation. This paper presents SOFTcell, a novel controllable stiffness tactile device that incorporates both optical sensing and pneumatic actuation. We report details on the device's design and implementation and analyze results from characterization experiments on sensitivity and performance, which show that SOFTcell can controllably increase its effective modulus from 4.4kPa to 46.1kPa. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of SOFTcell for grasping in a reactive control task in which tactile data is used to detect fingertip shear as a grasped object slips, and cell pressurization is used to prevent the slip without the need to adjust fingertip position.
Dose Escalation for Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Long-Term Update on the Outcomes of a Phase 3, Single Institution Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose To determine the long-term outcomes for prostate adenocarcinoma when escalating radiation dose from 70 Gy to 78 Gy. Methods and Materials Between 1993 and 1998, 301 patients with biopsy-proven clinical stage T1b-T3 prostate adenocarcinoma, any prostate-specific antigen level, and any Gleason score were randomized to 70 Gy in 35 fractions versus 78 Gy in 39 fractions of photon radiation therapy using a 4-field box technique without hormone deprivation therapy. The primary outcome was powered to detect a 15% difference in biochemical or clinical failure. Secondary outcomes included survival, prostate cancer mortality, biochemical failure, local failure, nodal failure, distant failure, and secondary malignancy rates. Results With a median follow-up of 14.3 years, the cumulative incidence of 15-year biochemical or clinical failure was 18.9% versus 12.0% in the 70 Gy versus 78 Gy arms, respectively (subhazard ratio [sHR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.98; Fine-Gray P = .042). The 15-year cumulative incidence of distant metastasis was 3.4% versus 1.1%, respectively (sHR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.13-0.82; Fine-Gray P = .018). The 15-year cumulative incidence of prostate cancer-specific mortality was 6.2% versus 3.2%, respectively, (sHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.98; Fine-Gray P = .045). There were no differences in overall survival (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84-1.45; log rank P = .469) or other-cause survival (sHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.99-1.79; Fine-Gray P = .061). Salvage therapy was more common in the 70 Gy arm, at 38.7% versus 21.9% in the 78 Gy arm (P = .002). There was a 2.3% secondary solid malignancy rate (1 bladder, 6 rectal) within the radiation treatment field, which was not significantly different between treatment arms. Conclusions Dose escalation by 8 Gy (78 Gy vs 70 Gy) provided a sustained improvement in biochemical and clinical failure, which translated into lower salvage rates and improved prostate cancer-specific mortality, but not overall survival. Long-term follow-up demonstrated a low incidence of potential solid tumor secondary malignancies.
Contexts of Resistance in African American Western Massachusetts: A View from the W. E. B. Du Bois Homesite in Great Barrington, Massachusetts

The childhood home of W. E. B. Du Bois in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, has been the focus of archaeological research since the 1980s. Reports of this work have mainly focused on the materials recovered from the site, the people who created it, and its implications for African American archaeology. In this article we report on the regional contexts for the site and its residents, and the role of African American “homeplaces” within this larger context, issues that will guide future work at the W. E. B. Du Bois Homesite.
Some Basic Connectivity Properties of Whitney Map Inverses in C(X)

Publisher Summary In 1932, Whitney showed that there always exists a function μ from 2X onto [0,1] such that (1) μ is continuous; (2) if A, B ∈ 2X, A ⊂ B, and A ≠ B, then μ(A) < μ (B); (3) μ(X) = 1; and (4) μ ({x}) = 0 for any x ∈ X. The chapter also presents the proofs of two general results about μ on C(X), namely, arcwise connectivity of X implies arcwise connectivity of μ–1 (t) for all t ∈ [0,1] and local connectivity of X implies local connectivity of μ–1 (t) for all t ∈ [0,1]. Some corollaries are obtained to these results and some unsolved problems are stated.
Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Questioning Sexual Orientation

Adolescence is accompanied by an emergence of strong sexual feelings that occur while the individual is learning to navigate the social world. For some, questions about sexual orientation and identity are confusing. Therapeutically, adolescents need a safe and value-free environment to understand their internal experiences of admiration, affection, sexual fantasies, and sexual attraction. This article describes a client-centered therapeutic approach in working with questioning adolescents. Gay clients may need additional support in exploring their internal experience, their social environment, coping strategies, and sexual identity development.
Integument-based inferences on the swimming ability and prey hunting strategy of the bigeye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus (Lamniformes: Alopiidae)

Alopias is a group of lamniform sharks characterized by a highly elongate caudal fin with three known extant species: Alopias pelagicus (pelagic thresher shark), Alopias superciliosus (bigeye thresher shark), and Alopias vulpinus (common thresher shark). Alopias pelagicus and A. vulpinus are considered fast swimmers and use their caudal fin to hunt for small schooling fish by stunning them, but this feeding behavior has never been directly observed for A. superciliosus. In this study, we examined four integumentary variables of selected fast swimming (e.g. A. pelagicus, A. vulpinus, and Lamna) and slow swimming (e.g. Mitsukurina and Megachasma) lamniform sharks to determine whether A. superciliosus is a fast swimmer or a slow swimmer. Our data indicate that A. superciliosus is a slow swimming lamniform, but it probably employs a simple laterally directed tail slap to capture its prey. Overall, our study points to an interpretation that A. superciliosus is an ambush predator, rather than an active prey-pursuing hunter. Mapping of scale data onto previously published phylogenetic trees indicate that slow swimming is a plesiomorphic condition in the order Lamniformes. Our work represents the most extensive comparative study of the morphology and variation of integumentary structures, especially placoid scales, conducted so far for Lamniformes.
Drug-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty for In-Stent Restenosis Following Carotid Artery Stent Placement.

Background and purpose Drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) have been proposed as an option for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) following carotid artery stent placement. We report our experience and review of literature to provide additional data. Methods For literature review, PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published between 2005 and 2019, reporting data on management of carotid ISR with DEBs. Two cases with carotid ISR, which were successfully treated with DEB at our facility, were also included in the final compilation of results RESULTS: A total of seven studies demonstrating the use of the DEBs for treatment of carotid ISR were identified. They encompassed 31 patients, 11 (35.5%) of whom presented with symptomatic ISR, with the remaining 20 patients (64.5%) asymptomatic. DEB angioplasty followed by stent placement was performed in 3 patients, whereas DEB alone was utilized in 28 patients. Periprocedural complications included asymptomatic dissection from DEB inflation in 1 patient and transient neurological deficits in another patient. Follow-up period was variable and ranged from 1 month to 5 years. Three patients were noted to develop recurrent asymptomatic stenosis, whereas 1 patient developed an episode of symptomatic restenosis post procedural on follow-up. In our two cases, both patients were noted to have protracted period of hypotension postprocedure without any new or recurrent neurological symptoms. Conclusion The use of DEBs is a promising development and a viable alternative for management of severe and recurrent carotid ISR.
Supervise Learning With Copulas

The naive Bayes classifier plays an important role among the classifiers based on supervised learning, although it requires strong condition on the feature independence assumptions. A measurement for the independency checking in the data preprocessing is necessary to guarantee the effectiveness of the classifier. Copula Theory is a mathematical tool in dependency modeling. In this paper, we recall elements of copulas and introduce a new algorithm to construct multiscale copula estimators which can be used for the independency testing to improve the accuracy of the Naive Bayes classifier.
Computed tomography evaluation of the porosity and fiber orientation in a short carbon fiber material extrusion filament and part

Abstract The computed tomography (CT) evaluation of the material extrusion (MEX) of a short carbon fiber (SCF) Nylon-12 filament and part is presented. CT, a non-destructive testing method, was used to quantify the internal structure of specimens into three phases: pore, Nylon, and SCF. The intensity histograms from the CT data were fit using a mixed skew-Gaussian distribution (MSGD) algorithm to segment the CT image into phases. Thresholded images were used to isolate pores in the CT image to determine pore volume and distribution within both the MEX SCF filament and part. The phase volume percentages of the MEX SCF filament were found to be 1.6% pore, 62.2% Nylon, and 36.2% SCF. The volume of most pores within the filament were found to be under 100 μm3. The highest frequency of pores was located near the outside of the filament, but the large pores were located near the center of the filament. This result indicates that the thermoplastic filament extrusion process likely entraps large bubbles in the center of filament or causes large thermal gradients and residual stresses that induce voids during post-extrusion cooling. MSGD analysis of sections of the MEX SCF part estimated phase volume percentages to be 9.8% pore, 59.6% Nylon, and 30.9% SCF. This analysis showed a more than 8% increase in porosity from the MEX SCF filament to the part. For the MEX SCF part, the average pore area was found to be highest (>250 μm2) at the bottom of the layer and smallest (
Optimization of a Chemical Synthesis for Single-Chain Rhamnolipids

This work reports efforts to improve the efficiency and green metrics associated with the chemical synthesis of single-tailed monorhamnolipids. Scaling of synthetic schemes for monorhamnolipids rec...
Truncate after preamble: PHY-based starvation attacks on IoT networks

We present and evaluate Truncate-after-Preamble (TaP) attacks, whereby a receiver cannot decode an incoming signal despite good channel conditions. In a TaP attack, the attacker announces a large payload length using a standard preamble and packet length field, but omits to transmit the payload. We implement the TaP attack on a SDR platform, and evaluate the effectiveness of the attack on five Zigbee and seven Wi-Fi devices sold by different manufacturers. We show that all of the Zigbee devices are vulnerable to the attack, while the Wi-Fi devices are vulnerable to the attack to varying degrees. Chiefly, we show that an attacker can cause over 90% packet loss on a Zigbee or Wi-Fi channel, using respectively six or five orders of magnitude less energy than a constant jammer would. Finally, we present several methods, with different degrees of sophistication, for detecting the attacks.
Isolation of Chemically Cyclized Peptide Binders Using Yeast Surface Display

Cyclic peptides with engineered protein-binding activity have gained increasing attention for use in therapeutic and biotechnology applications. We describe the efficient isolation and characterization of cyclic peptide binders from genetically encoded combinatorial libraries using yeast surface display. Here, peptide cyclization is achieved by disuccinimidyl glutarate-mediated cross-linking of amine groups within a linear peptide sequence that is expressed as a yeast cell surface fusion. Using this approach, we first screened a library of cyclic heptapeptides using magnetic selection, followed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate binders for a model target (lysozyme) with low micromolar binding affinity (KD ∼ 1.2-3.7 μM). The isolated peptides bind lysozyme selectively and only when cyclized. Importantly, we showed that yeast surface displayed cyclic peptides can be used to efficiently obtain quantitative estimates of binding affinity, circumventing the need for chemical synthesis of the selected peptides. Subsequently, to demonstrate broader applicability of our approach, we isolated cyclic heptapeptides that bind human interleukin-17 (IL-17) using yeast-displayed IL-17 as a target for magnetic selection, followed by FACS using recombinant IL-17. Molecular docking simulations and follow-up experimental analyses identified a candidate cyclic peptide that likely binds IL-17 in its receptor binding region with moderate apparent affinity (KD ∼ 300 nM). Taken together, our results show that yeast surface display can be used to efficiently isolate and characterize cyclic peptides generated by chemical modification from combinatorial libraries.
Parity-time Symmetry Based on Time Modulation

Give and take: Conventionally a delicate balance between gain and loss is critical to implementing effects based on parity-time ($P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$) symmetry, which hinders this approach in a variety of physical contexts. This study presents $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ symmetry in systems $w\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t$ gain and loss, leveraging instead energy storage and release based on slow modulations in time. The authors induce unusual responses typical of $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$-symmetric systems in a fully $c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$ structure. These results pave the way to exploring $P\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}T$ symmetry in quantum mechanical settings, and to innovative applications that can overcome current technological limitations of passive systems.
Language-Supportive Coaching Practices for Athletes Who are Learning English

Across ages and levels of competition, sport coaches in the U.S. encounter athletes who are learning English (ALEs). ALEs bring significant linguistic and cultural resources, but can struggle to co...
Employment and Migration Patterns of Recent Micrographic Surgery and Dermatologic Oncology Fellowship Graduates.

Background There is currently an uneven distribution of the Mohs surgery workforce, with a dearth in nonurban areas. The relationship between training and employment locations of Mohs surgeons has not been studied. Objective To analyze the employment location of recent micrographic surgery and dermatologic oncology (MSDO) graduates in reference to residency and fellowship locations. Materials and methods Data collection of training and practice locations of 421 MSDO fellowship graduates from 2012 to 2017. Results Thirty-two percent (n = 136) and 53% (n = 225) of MSDO fellowship graduates' first employment locations were located within 10 and 100 miles of either their residency or fellowship locations. Ninety-six percent of graduates were employed in a metropolitan location. Female graduates worked closer to training sites than male graduates, with 62% (n = 124) versus 46% (n = 102) working within 100 miles of either training site. Analysis by fellowship census region showed that graduates clustered around training sites in all regions, with 45% to 60% of graduates working within 100 miles of either training site. Conclusion The majority of graduates chose to work in a metropolitan area. Training location strongly predicts employment location. More than 45% of graduates in any region worked within 100 miles of their residency or fellowship site, and a sizeable portion worked within 10 miles.
Reduced-intensity conditioning-based hematopoietic cell transplantation for dyskeratosis congenita: Single-center experience and literature review.

Background Bone marrow failure in dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is progressive, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative treatment. However, outcomes after HCT are suboptimal because of mucosal, vascular, pulmonary, and hepatic fragility, which can be exacerbated by chemotherapy conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These toxicities can be mitigated by reducing the intensity of the conditioning regimen. Procedures We performed a retrospective analysis on pediatric patients with DKC who underwent HCT at our institution between 2008 and 2019. Results We identified nine patients (median age, 5.7 years) who underwent HCT with a fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (n = 8), tacrolimus/pentostatin (n = 1), or cyclosporine/MMF (n = 1). The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 19 days (range, 13-26 days), and the median time to platelet engraftment was 18 days (range, 17-43 days). Lung function, as measured by spirometry in six patients, remained stable during post-HCT observation. Six patients (67%) remain alive, with a median follow-up of 73.5 months. Conclusion Because of toxicity after myeloablative conditioning, RIC is becoming standard for HCT in DKC. These results suggest that RIC regimen is feasible and safe for patients with DKC and does not accelerate pulmonary damage in the short-to-medium term after HCT.
Everyday Resilience: Equipping Faculty With Practical Exercises to Promote Resilience Among Medical Students.

Introduction Burnout is prevalent in health care. As professionals advocate to increase resilience training as a strategy to reduce burnout, few examples exist of practical resilience programs that...
Patch versus traditional ambulatory ECG monitoring in children

Abstract Background Patch ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors may provide an advantage over traditional wired ambulatory ECG devices, such as Holter and event monitors, but there is limited data comparing their clinical impact in the pediatric population. Objective This study sought to directly compare traditional wired ambulatory ECG devices to a patch ambulatory monitor in terms of clinical impact and ability to detect significant arrhythmias. Methods This retrospective cohort study included outpatients 0–18 years old who received ambulatory ECG monitoring at our institution. A cohort consisting of all patients evaluated with a Holter or event monitor between 5/2011–2/2013 (prior to patch ECG use) was compared with a time-matched cohort from 2015 to 2017 when patch monitors (Zio) were the sole ambulatory ECG devices used in our practice. Chart review was conducted to determine the clinical impact of all monitor results. Results Cardiologists prescribed patch monitors more frequently than traditional monitors (1 per 11.5 vs 21.8 clinical encounters, p Conclusions In terms of diagnosing serious arrhythmias that escalated clinical management, patch ambulatory ECG monitors provided similar clinical impact as traditional monitors, but they more often provided results that allowed discharge from cardiology care.
Resilience vs. Adaptation: Framing and action

Responses to climate change may be viewed as requiring primarily “Resilience” or “Adaptation.” We examine how those two terms affect lay responses to the risks of coastal flooding and sea level rise. We use two tasks requiring substantial participant involvement, one providing minimal information and one substantial information. In Study 1, participants spent ten minutes writing an essay about a picture with flooding, labeled with “Resilience” or “Adaptation.” In Study 2, participants used an interactive aid to evaluate moving to a coastal community described as having a policy of Resilience or Adaptation, or having No Stated Policy. In Study 1, both groups judged the threat of flood similarly. In Study 2, Resilience was associated with increased concern about risks, but less willingness to take individual protective action.
p-Adic Properties of Values of the Modular j-Function

As usual, let q:=e 2πiz and letj(z) be the classical modular function $$ j(z) = \sum\limits_{n = - 1}^\infty {c(n){q^n} = {q^{ - 1}} + 744 + 196884q + \cdot \cdot \cdot } $$
RNA polymerase II subunit composition, stoichiometry, and phosphorylation.

Abstract RNA polymerase II subunit composition, stoichiometry, and phosphorylation were investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by attaching an epitope coding sequence to a well-characterized RNA polymerase II subunit gene (RPB3) and by immunoprecipitating the product of this gene with its associated polypeptides. The immunopurified enzyme catalyzed alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA synthesis in vitro. The 10 polypeptides that immunoprecipitated were identical in size and number to those previously described for RNA polymerase II purified by conventional column chromatography. The relative stoichiometry of the subunits was deduced from knowledge of the sequence of the subunits and from the extent of labeling with [35S]methionine. Immunoprecipitation from 32P-labeled cell extracts revealed that three of the subunits, RPB1, RPB2, and RPB6, are phosphorylated in vivo. Phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of RPB1 could be distinguished; approximately half of the RNA polymerase II molecules contained a phosphorylated RPB1 subunit. These results more precisely define the subunit composition and phosphorylation of a eucaryotic RNA polymerase II enzyme.
Detection of nanoscale embedded layers using laboratory specular X-ray diffraction

Unusual specular X-ray diffraction patterns have been observed from certain thin film intergrowths of metal monochalcogenide (MX) and transition metal dichalcogenide (TX2) structures. These patterns exhibit selective “splitting” or broadening of selected (00l) diffraction peaks, while other (00l) reflections remain relatively unaffected [Atkins et al., Chem. Mater. 24, 4594 (2012)]. Using a simplified optical model in the kinematic approximation, we illustrate that these peculiar and somewhat counterintuitive diffraction features can be understood in terms of additional layers of one of the intergrowth components, MX or TX2, interleaved between otherwise “ideal” regions of MX-TX2 intergrowth. The interpretation is in agreement with scanning transmission electron microscope imaging, which reveals the presence of such stacking “defects” in films prepared from non-ideal precursors. In principle, the effect can be employed as a simple, non-destructive laboratory probe to detect and characterize ultrathin layers of one material, e.g., 2-dimensional crystals, embedded between two slabs of a second material, effectively using the two slabs as a highly sensitive interferometer of their separation distance.
Iras observations of asteroids

The IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey was the largest, most uniform and least-biased survey ever conducted for asteroids and comets. The size and approach of this survey gave it marked advantages over earlier surveys. The large number of sightings over most of the sky provided excellent sampling of spatial distributions. The instrument and survey parameters were relatively constant throughout, yielding a uniform set of data. This was the first small bodies survey to observe thermal emission, rather than reflected light, thereby avoiding the severe albedo bias present in all previous surveys. Requirements of high reliability and completeness were also maintained. For the known asteroids a total of 11,449 sightings were obtained. Ultimately, 6,510 of these sightings were accepted into the catalog. These data yielded albedos and diameters for 1,811 different asteroids. Numerous previously unknown asteroids were also observed. There is an apparent difference in the albedo distribution of the asteroids as a function of size, however, this effect is probably an artifact due to a combination of factors such as faint source flux overestimation and confusion with faint background sources.
Concurrent Production and Consumption of Ethanol by Cultures of Pachysolen tannophilus Growing on d-Xylose.

Growing cultures of Pachysolen tannophilus concurrently consumed and produced ethanol in the presence of substantial concentrations of d-xylose. Ethanol was also assimilated in the presence of other sugars, the amount depending on the sugar. Less ethanol assimilation occurred with d-glucose than with d-xylose. The rate of ethanol consumption decreased as the concentration of glucose was increased, but some consumption still occurred when 2% glucose was present. The rate increased with the amount of oxygen available to the culture when d-xylose or ethanol was the carbon source. In most instances, estimates of consumption were based on the extent of incorporation of 14C from [1-14C]ethanol into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material. The results are pertinent to the use of P. tannophilus for the production of ethanol from d-xylose.
On the resilience of mission critical applications

Most mission critical applications are distributed onto multiple computers. They need to survive extreme conditions. Today, regardless methodologies, all existing mission critical distributed applications suffer the "performance or reliability" scaling dilemma. Each such application will crash on any transient or permanent software or hardware failure. These failures cause losses in data, time, money and human lives. In 2012, a computer architecture inflection point was declared.
Children's exposure to community and war violence and mental health in four African countries

In this article we review the mental health consequences of children's exposure to community and war violence (ETV) in four African countries: South Africa, Sierra Leone, Gambia and Rwanda. A focus on Africa is particularly pressing because of children's high levels of community and war ETV in countries therein. Regions of Africa present important macro-contexts for understanding children's various types of violence exposure amidst war and economic disadvantage. Findings of the review across 20 quantitative studies from 2004 to 2015 indicate consistent associations between exposure to war and community violence and children's symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and aggression. School climate and family support mitigate these ETV influences upon children: however, more research is needed on the buffering effects of such resources. The effects of war violence are mediated by perceived discrimination in communities post-conflict. We integrate findings across studies to synthesize knowledge on children's ETV in Africa around a model of its correlates, mediators, and moderators in relation to mental health. Emerging research points to avenues for prevention and future inquiry.
The innovation dynamics and technology cycles in the computer industry

Abstract This paper presents certain novel composite measures of technology. There are several important uses of the proposed measures in R & D management: to gauge the rate of innovation within any given field, to determine the relative contribution of chosen variables to technical progress, to isolate critical factors in the innovative activity, and to predict whether a technology is ahead or behind its time. This is illustrated here by means of a case study of technical progress in the computer industry. The theoretical framework of the case study is based on the earlier works of the author pointing to the existence of what may be called technology cycles that transcend both product life cycle and organization product cycle and have the same significance to innovative activity as have business cycles to economic activity. The results of our investigation reveal a ‘butterfly pattern’ of interaction between product and process innovations: The loss in the relevance of process innovations is almost exactly compensated by the gain in the relevance of product innovations to technical progress over the course of time. The results also indicate that although the pace of technical progress in the computer industry has been exceptionally rapid in the past, it shows signs of slowing down in the future. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Predicting Pain and Adjustment in Rheumatoid Arthritis The Role of Life Stress and Emotional Processing

The role of disclosure and emotional processing of stressful life events has not been studied in chronically ill populations. We attempted to predict the pain, physical dysfunction, and affective disturbance of 82 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from their life stress and from various measures of emotional processing: disclosure to others and thought frequency about stressful events, positive and negative emotional expression, ambivalence about emotional expression and secrecy. After controlling for demographics (gender, race, education, disability status), disease measures (duration of diagnosis, objective disease activity), and life stress, we found that pain was related to an increased expression of negative emotion; physical dysfunction was related to an increased frequency of thinking about stressful events; and affective disturbance was related to both increased ambivalence about emotional expression and increased thought frequency. We conclude that RA pain and adjustment are better predicte...
Bloch Equations with Diffusion Terms

The phenomenological Bloch equations in nuclear magnetic resonance are generalized by the addition of terms due to the transfer of magnetization by diffusion. The revised equations describe phenomena under conditions of inhomogeneity in magnetic field, relaxation rates, or initial magnetization. As an example the equations are solved in the case of the free precession of magnetic moment in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field following the application of a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulse with subsequent applications of a succession of 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulses. The spin-echo amplitudes agree with the results of Carr and Purcell from a random walk theory.
Inhibition of nucleon decay from high spin nuclei near the N = 82 shell closure

Abstract Statistical model calculations are shown to systematically overpredict the multiplicity of evaporated nucleons from Gd compound nuclei just above the N = 82 shell closure. Calculations for nuclei just below the shell closure, however, readily reproduce the data. A rapid neutron number dependence of the collective component of the total excitation energy is implied.
Cooperativity and protein folding rates

Despite the large and complex conformational space available to an unfolded protein, many small globular proteins fold with simple two-state cooperative kinetics. Understanding what determines folding rates beyond simple rules summarizing kinetic trends has proved to be more elusive than predicting folding mechanism. Topology-based models with smooth energy landscapes give reasonable predictions of the structure of the transition state ensemble, but do not have the kinetic or thermodynamic cooperativity exhibited by two-state proteins. This review outlines some recent efforts to understand what determines the cooperativity and the diversity of folding rates of two-state folding proteins.
Influence of Cocktail Material Parameters on Indirect Drive Holhraum Performance

Summary form only given. Indirect drive performance for inertial confinement fusion depends to a large degree on the ability to mitigate wall losses in the hohlraum. One approach to do this is based on the use of hohlraum wall materials with overlapping absorption bands to absorb and re-emit the radiation that otherwise would be lost. Albedos for various combinations of these materials, so-called cocktails, have been calculated and a mixture of U, Dy and Au has been determined to be the best candidate. However, these calculations are based on published values of heat capacity and opacity and do not take into account possible material oxidation. In order to obtain accurate material data and to test the influence of oxygen two experimental campaigns were designed for the Omega laser facility in Rochester. The first experiment uses a laser energy of 7 kJ to heat a halfraum to a radiation temperature of 250 eV. The backwall of the half hohlraum consists of a split foil arrangement of two different materials and the re-emission characteristics and the burn through time of the foils are measured using framing and streak cameras. Using foils of each material and a combination of both materials allows us to determine heat capacity and opacity for each material. The 2nd campaign uses 20 kJ of laser energy to drive Au and cocktail hohlraums. Cocktail materials with varying oxygen content are tested and the difference in soft X-ray drive is measured using a soft X-ray spectrometer (DANTE). Experimental results will be presented testing our understanding of high-Z cocktail radiation properties