cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Design and Preliminary Experience with a Virtual Diversity Visiting Student Acting Internship in Radiology for Underrepresented Minority Medical Students.

Objective Benefits of a diverse physician workforce are numerous and the impact of a lack of diversity has been highlighted with the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the commitment of professional societies such as the American College of Radiology to diversity in Radiology, the field and its residency training programs remain the least diverse. With COVID-19 related suspension of in-person medical student rotations, our Department of Radiology redesigned and implemented a virtual radiology internship for underrepresented minority (URM) medical students. Methods A four-week virtual radiology internship was designed to provide clinical exposure to radiology and to allow students to gain an understanding of what a career in radiology entails. Course design included videoconference patient care sessions, didactic lectures, online modules, mentoring, and extra-clinical curriculum. Feedback from students was collected using online surveys assessing pre- and postcourse attitudes and understanding of a career in radiology and the students’ perceived aptitude for such a career, as well as course component evaluation. Results Three participants were enrolled in the inaugural clerkship. All noted exceptional educational course content and ample opportunities to build connections with faculty and residents—with mentoring seen as the highlight of the course. All indicated a significant shift in perception of the field and in declaring interest in pursuing a career in radiology. Conclusion Virtual radiology internship for URM students is a feasible paradigm to address potential impediments to diversification of the specialty by both engaging interested URM medical students in a career in radiology and arming them with the tools for a successful application to radiology residency.
Beyond Punishment: Constitutional Violations Associated with the Isolation and Discrimination of Transgender Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

The juvenile justice system is predicated on a rehabilitative model with concern for protecting the juvenile and society. However, in practice, the juvenile justice system has developed into a punitive system for LGBT youth as rates of mass incarceration increase and LGBT youth face harsh treatment. LGBT youth face higher rates of criminalization and incarceration for non-violent crimes than any other youth because of the stigmatization of their gender identities and/or sexual orientations. LGBT youth also face special threats to their health, including sexual, physical, and emotional harassment, isolation, and lack of medical care. This is especially impactful on transgender youth, because of a lack of training and awareness on how to help this population. As a result of the conditions facing LGBT youth in juvenile facilities, constitutional conditions of confinement claims having been increasingly brought on behalf of LGBT youth. The courts are inconsistent on whether the judiciary should utilize Fourteenth Amendment Substantive Due Process or the Eighth Amendment Cruel and Unusual Punishment clause to evaluate juvenile conditions of confinement cases. This Note weighs Substantive Due Process against the Eighth Amendment and argues that the analysis provided by Substantive Due Process jurisprudence offers a better opportunity for systemic protection of incarcerated and delinquent transgender youth facing physical and emotional harm.
When Psychological Problems Mask Medical Disorders: A Guide for Psychotherapists

Introduction. Part I: A Review of Symptoms. Part II: 60 Disorders. Part III: Symptom Summaries. Appendix: Annotated List of Suggested Readings
The Value Sphere: The Corporate Executives' Handbook for Creating and Retaining Shareholder Wealth (4th Edition)

This book, written in story narrative form, traces the development of a company from a start-up to a global enterprise. It develops the key concepts related to this evolution - corporate strategy, raising external finance, capital budgeting, dividend policy, mergers and acquisition, globalization, marketing and human resource management. The focus is on topics in corporate strategy and corporate finance, and each topic is developed in depth with problem sets and reflection questions within the context of the organization’s evolution.
Flavinylation of Monoamine Oxidase B

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. The oxidative step is coupled to the reduction of an obligatory cofactor, FAD, which is covalently linked to the enzyme at Cys397. In this study, we developed a novel riboflavin-depleted (Rib-) COS-7 cell line to study the flavinylation of MAO B. ApoMAO B can be obtained by expressing MAO B cDNA in these cells. We found that MAO B is expressed equally in the presence or absence of FAD and that apoMAO B can be inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Flavinylation of MAO B was achieved by introducing MAO B cDNA and different flavin derivatives simultaneously into Rib- COS-7 cells via electroporation. Since the addition of riboflavin, FMN, or FAD resulted in equal levels of MAO B activity, we conclude that the flavin which initially binds to apoMAO B is FAD. In our previous work, we used site-directed mutagenesis to show that Glu34 in the dinucleotide-binding motif of MAO B is essential for MAO B activity, and we postulated that this residue is involved in FAD binding. In this study, we tested the role of residue 34 in flavin binding by expressing wild-type or mutant MAO B cDNA in Rib- COS-7 cells with the addition of [14C]FAD. We found that Glu34 is essential for both FAD binding and catalytic activity. Thus, FAD binds to MAO B in a dual manner at Glu34 noncovalently and Cys397 covalently. We conclude that Glu34 is critical for the initial non-covalent binding of FAD and is instrumental in delivering FAD to the covalent attachment site at Cys397.
Biomass vs. quality tradeoffs for switchgrass in response to fall harvesting period.

Abstract Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is perhaps the most promising crop for bio-energy production. Optimal time of harvest may be critical for producing high-yielding switchgrass of suitable quality for combustion. In general, delayed harvest has been suggested to improve switchgrass quality through reducing ash, moisture and mineral content however, postponing harvest may have negative impact on biomass yield. An experiment was conducted on a Hadley fine sandy loam soil in South Deerfield, MA during 2010 and 2011 to determine optimum fall harvest time (mid-September, early-October, mid-October, early-November, mid-November) for improving switchgrass (cv. Cave-in-Rock) quality without significant reduction in biomass yield. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were also measured as an indicator of crop health. In both years, delaying in harvest decreased ash and mineral content while biomass yield was also reduced. Maximum biomass yield (11.4 Mg ha−1) was obtained from mid-October harvest in 2010 whereas; the highest biomass production was obtained from early-October (10.0 Mg ha−1) in 2011. Switchgrass harvested in mid-September contained the highest moisture (55%), ash (47 g kg−1), and nitrogen (N) (3.8 g kg−1). Overall, sucrose was the most abundant sugar among NSC and reached its peak concentration (5.3 mg g dry matter−1) when crop was harvested in November in 2010. Results obtained in this study indicated that optimal time of harvest varies from early October to early-November depending upon the weather condition.
Natural history of vertically acquired HCV infection and associated autoimmune phenomena

The natural history of vertically acquired HCV infection is ill defined. The aim of this study was to outline the natural course of vertical HCV infection in a cohort of untreated children, including rate of spontaneous viral clearance, frequency and features of HCV-related autoimmune disorders. Children with vertical HCV infection were prospectively followed from the first month of life with regular clinical and laboratory assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism 5.0. Forty-five children (median age 12 years, interquartile range 6.9–15.5) were studied. Genotype 1 was predominant (53.3 %). Spontaneous viral clearance was achieved by 12 patients (26.7 %) and associated with genotype 3. Alanine-amino-transferase levels were increased in most children in the first 2 years of life with higher values in those who later cleared the infection. All children were asymptomatic for liver disease. Transient elastography (32 patients) showed mild or moderate fibrosis in nine and two cases, respectively. Non-organ-specific autoantibodies were detected in 24 children (53.3 %) independently of viremia; of these, one developed type-1 diabetes. Cryoglobulinemia was associated with genotype 1 infection and found in 15 subjects (33.3 %): two had low C4 levels and persistent proteinuria. Conclusions: Vertically acquired HCV infection may result in spontaneous clearance in up to 27 % of children. Resolution of infection is higher with genotype 3, usually occurs in preschool age and persists over time. Chronic infection is generally asymptomatic, although hepatomegaly and mild fibrosis may develop. Autoantibodies and cryoglobulins are frequent, whereas the associated clinical manifestations are rare.
Selecting remediation goals by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of groundwater systems

Abstract Remediation goals for the source areas of a chlorinated ethene‐contaminated groundwater plume were identified by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer system. The redox chemistry of the site indicates that sulfate‐reducing (H2 ∼ 2 nanomoles [nM]) per liter conditions near the contaminant source grade to Fe(III)‐reducing conditions (H2 ∼ 0.5 nM) downgradient of the source. Sulfate‐reducing conditions facilitate the initial reduction of perchloroethene (PCE) to trichloroethene (TCE), cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC). Subsequently, the Fe(III)‐reducing conditions drive the oxidation of cis‐DCE and VC to carbon dioxide and chloride. This sequence gives the aquifer a substantial capacity for biodegrading chlorinated ethenes. Natural attenuation capacity (the slope of the steady‐state contaminant concentration profile along a groundwater flowpath) is a function of biodegradation rates, aquifer dispersive characteristics, and groundwater flow velocity. The natura...
A Queueing Model to Analyze the Value of Centralized Inventory Information

Competitive pressures and technological improvements are leading many firms to consider centralized information systems to manage inventories and schedule production. We propose a simple model to explore the potential benefits of such coordination. The model represents two products competing for a single production facility. Simple Markovian behavior is assumed throughout. The key step in the analysis is the explicit solution of a queueing model with a novel priority discipline: Serve a customer from the class having the largest number of customers in the system.
A comment on the ``characterization of swirl defects in floating zone Si crystals'' by P.M. Petroff and A.J.R. De Kock

Abstract Petroff and De Kock used transmission electron microscopy to examine swirl defects in dislocation-free silicon crystals. They found that the defects were interstitial loops, vacancy loops, and precipitate particles. The presence of interstitial loops led them to suggest that hot silicon crystals contain a high concentration of silicon self-interstitials. We show that this conclusion is unproved and improbable.
Projections of Power, News Framing, and India's 2010 Commonwealth Games

This study explores the coverage of the 2010 Commonwealth Games in India in developed and developing countries of the Commonwealth. The results show the presence of 4 prominent news frames in the international news coverage: game preparedness, cultural, athletics, and economic consequences. A comparison of news reports from developed and developing countries show a difference in frame occurrence. Developed countries differed from developing countries in highlighting deficiencies in game preparations and in the use of the sociocultural frame that highlighted India's backwardness, while developing countries focused on the athletics, particularly their athletes' successes and failures. A negative tone was more prevalent in news articles from developed countries than from developing countries. The results of the study are discussed in context of globalization, colonial history and cultural attitudes and biases.
Nonlinear interaction of outer zone electrons with VLF waves

[1] Analytical expressions have been obtained for three different types of cyclotron-resonant interaction of a test particle with a monochromatic electromagnetic wave: diffusion, phase bunching, and phase trapping. All three lead to changes in particle energy and pitch angle. They are evaluated for VLF waves and electrons at L = 5.5, to try to account for observed electron acceleration following magnetic storms. The results are that diffusion may be too slow, while phase bunching leads to deceleration. A maximal estimate of phase trapping, considered in isolation, leads to the acceleration of at least some 0.1 MeV electrons to ∼1 MeV in about 1 minute.
Primary repair of civilian colon injuries is safe in the damage control scenario.

Background Although the safety of primary repair/anastomosis for civilian colon injuries after standard laparotomy (SL) has been established, recent civilian and military reports have questioned the advisability of this technique in the patient requiring damage control laparotomy (DL). We hypothesized that, even in the high-risk DL group, primary repair could be safely used after patient stabilization and that the open abdomen would facilitate the safety of this procedure. Methods All patients admitted to our level 1 trauma center with a colon injury over a 7-year period were reviewed from a prospectively collected database. Patients were categorized as having undergone either SL or DL at initial operation. Primary variables of interest were as follows: injury patterns; method of primary repair (suture repair, resection and primary anastomosis, resection and delayed anastomosis); diversion techniques (planned diversion or diversion for anastomotic dehiscence); and colon-related morbidity and mortality. High-risk status in the DL group was identified by the following physiologic variables: mean injury severity score (ISS), red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, ventilator days, and intensive care unit (ICU) duration of stay. Results During the study period, 309 patients had colonic wounds identified at laparotomy. Of these 309 patients, 280 (91%) underwent SL, of which 277 (98.9%) had primary colonic repair/anastomosis. In the SL group, 1 (0.3%) patient required diversion for subsequent leak and 2 (0.6%) patients had planned diversion The remaining 29 hemodynamically unstable patients required DL. Mean ± standard deviation indices of injury severity in this group included: ISS = 36.2 ± 15.8, RBC = 28.7 ± 25.4 units, ventilator days = 20.1 ± 16.3, ICU duration of stay = 29.5 ± 21.6 days. Of the 29 patients in the DL group, 21 (72%) had bowel continuity successfully reestablished in 2.6 ± 2 days after initial attempts at primary suture repair or resection/anastomosis. A total of 4 (16.6%) patients in this group developed colon-related complications, 3 of whom were treated with subsequent diversion before definitive abdominal closure. One patient developed a late leak. (day 43). Another 4 (13.8%) patients had planned diversion for injuries that were considered to be high risk for leak at subsequent reexploration. There were no colon-related deaths in either group. Conclusion Primary repair of colon injuries appears safe in the majority of patients after DL. Although it is associated with a higher leak rate than SL, the open abdomen affords careful inspection of abdominal contents at reexploration to identify patients who require subsequent diversion.
Identification and analysis of the putative pentose sugar efflux transporters in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli possesses a number of proteins that transport sugars out of the cell. We identified 31 candidate sugar efflux transporters based on their similarity to known sugar efflux transporters. We then tested whether these transporters affect arabinose and xylose metabolism. We identified 13 transporters – setC, cmr, ynfM, mdtD, yfcJ, yhhS, emrD, ydhC, ydeA, ybdA, ydeE, mhpT, and kgtP – that appeared to increase or decrease intracellular arabinose concentrations when respectively deleted or over-expressed. None of the candidate transporters affected xylose concentrations. These results indicate that E. coli possesses multiple arabinose efflux transporters. They also provide a novel target for future metabolic engineering.
Etiologies of bilateral pleural effusions.

Summary Background To evaluate the safety, etiology and outcomes of patients undergoing bilateral thoracentesis. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral thoracenteses in an academic medical center from July 2009 through November 2010. Pleural fluid characteristics and etiologies of the effusions were assessed. Mean differences in levels of fluid characteristics between right and left lungs were tested. Associations between fluid characteristics and occurrence of bilateral malignant effusions were evaluated. The rate of pneumothorax and other complications subsequent to bilateral thoracentesis was determined. Results Exudates were more common than transudates, and most effusions had multiple etiologies, with 83% having two or more etiologies. Bilateral malignant effusions occurred in 19 patients, were the most common single etiology of exudative effusions, and were associated with higher levels of protein and LDH in the pleural fluid. Among 200 thoracenteses performed with a bilateral procedure, seven resulted in pneumothoraces, three of which required chest tube drainage and four were ex vacuo. Conclusions More often than not, there are multiple etiologies that contribute to pleural fluid formation, and of the combinations of etiologies observed congestive heart failure was the most frequent contributor. Exudative effusions are more common than transudates when bilateral effusions are present. Malignancy is a common etiology of exudative effusions. This study suggests that the overall complication rate following bilateral thoracentesis is low and the rate of pneumothorax subsequent to bilateral thoracentesis is comparable to unilateral thoracentesis.
Structural analysis of the intracellular domain of (pro)renin receptor fused to maltose-binding protein.

The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is an important component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular function. The integral membrane protein PRR contains a large extracellular domain (∼310 amino acids), a single transmembrane domain (∼20 amino acids) and an intracellular domain (∼19 amino acids). Although short, the intracellular (IC) domain of the PRR has functionally important roles in a number of signal transduction pathways activated by (pro)renin binding. Meanwhile, together with the transmembrane domain and a small portion of the extracellular domain (∼30 amino acids), the IC domain is also involved in assembly of V(0) portion of the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase). To better understand structural and multifunctional roles of the PRR-IC, we report the crystal structure of the PRR-IC domain as maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion proteins at 2.0A (maltose-free) and 2.15A (maltose-bound). In the two separate crystal forms having significantly different unit-cell dimensions and molecular packing, MBP-PRR-IC fusion protein was found to be a dimer, which is different with the natural monomer of native MBP. The PRR-IC domain appears as a relatively flexible loop and is responsible for the dimerization of MBP fusion protein. Residues in the PRR-IC domain, particularly two tyrosines, dominate the intermonomer interactions, suggesting a role for the PRR-IC domain in protein oligomerization.
Intrahepatic chemoembolization in unresectable pediatric liver malignancies.

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of a new miltidisciplinary approach using neoadjuvant intrahepatic chemoembolization (IHCE) and liver transplant (OLTx) in patients with unresectable hepatic tumors who have failed systemic chemotherapy.¶Materials and methods. From November 1989 to April 1998, 14 children (2–15 years old) were treated with 50 courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy. Baseline and post-treatment contrast-enhanced CT and alpha-fetoprotein levels were performed. Seven had hepatoblastoma, and 7 had hepatocellular carcinoma (1 fibrolamellar variant). All patients had subselective hepatic angiography and infusion of cisplatin and/or adriamycin (36 courses were followed by gelfoam embolization). The procedure was repeated every 3–4 weeks based on hepatic function and patency of the hepatic artery.¶Results. Six of 14 children received orthotopic liver transplants (31 courses of IHC). Pretransplant, 3 of 6 showed a significant decrease in alpha-fetoprotein, while only 1 demonstrated a significant further reduction in tumor size). Three of 6 patients are disease free at this time. Three of 6 patients died of metastatic tumor 6, 38, and 58 months, respectively post-transplant. One of 14 is currently undergoing treatment, has demonstrated a positive response, and is awaiting OLTx. Three of 14 withdrew from the program and died. Four of 14 patients developed an increase in tumor size, developed metastatic disease, and were not transplant candidates. Two hepatic arteries thrombosed, and one child had a small sealed-off gastric ulcer as complications of intrahepatic chemoembolization.¶Conclusion. The results of intrahepatic chemoembolization are promising and suggest that some children who do not respond to systemic therapy can be eventually cured by a combination of intrahepatic chemoembolization orthotopic liver transplant. Alpha-fetoprotein and cross-sectional imaging appear to be complementary in evaluating tumor response. IHCE does not appear to convert an anatomically unresectable lesion to a candidate for partial hepatectomy.
125I-labeled protein A as a general tracer in immunoassay: Suitability of goat and sheep antibodies

Abstract The immunoassay method in which 125 I-labeled staphylococcal Protein A ([ 125 I]PA) serves as a general tracer has been extended to include goat and sheep IgG antibodies. Goat and sheep IgG normally do not react significantly with PA. However, once IgG antibody is bound to immobilized antigen or hapten, binding of [ 125 I]PA is enhanced markedly. Binding efficiencies of [ 125 I]PA to immune complexed goat anti-human IgM, human IgE, methotrexate and sheep anti-IgE were determined and compared quantitatively to rabbit IgG with the corresponding specificity. Immunoassays were developed based on the inhibition of [ 125 I]PA binding as a measure of antibody inhibition by fluid-phase homologous ligand. It terms of sensitivity and specificity, assays using goat and sheep antibodies were comparable to assays developed using rabbit IgG. Goat antibody to the monovalent hapten methotrexate behaved anomalously: for each concentration of IgG tested, there was an optimal amount of methotrexate beads that gave maximum binding of [ 125 I]PA. In the other immune systems, for each antibody concentration maximum binding of tracer was a function only of the amount of immobilized antigen added. In contrast to the results obtained with solid-phase antigen, solutions containing antibody and amounts of antigen ranging from large antigen excess to antibody excess failed to react significantly with PA or [ 125 I]PA.
Self-consistent method for interactions mediated by fields☆

Abstract A self-consistent procedure for treating a system of Fermions interacting via the exchange of virtual mesons is described.
IONIZATION POTENTIALS OF TNAZ AND ITS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS

Abstract The ionization potentials (IPs) of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) and its thermal decomposition products were determined using charge-transfer bracketing experiments in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The products included: 1-nitroso-3,3-dinitroazetidine (NDNAZ); 3,3-dinitroazetidine (DNAZ); and the C 3 H 3 N 3 O 4 fragment resulting from loss of HONO from TNAZ. The IP of TNAZ is 10.36 (±0.1) eV, the IP of NDNAZ is 9.52 (±0.1) eV, and the IPs of DNAZ and the C 3 H 3 N 3 O 4 fragment are each 9.8 (±0.1) eV. These results are used to estimate relative product yields in previous TNAZ decomposition experiments which employed mass spectrometry for product detection.
A Self Deployable High Attenuation Light Shade For Spaceborne Astronomical Sensors

The design of a unique, self deployable light shade is discussed. This shade was specifically designed for the Small Astronomy Satellite (SAS-B), of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. While there are numerous boundary conditions imposed upon the design of the light shade by the physical limitations of the SAS-B satellite and the payload envelope, the basic design concepts can be utilized for other applications. A number of candidate light shade designs are presented with a discussion of the functional concepts. The final design selection was predicated upon its photometric properties, e.g., very high attenuation of scattered light, its rugged, light weight physical properties, and its compressibility or fold-ability along with its self deployment features within the restrictions of the satellite payload envelope.
Career transitions in times of social change. His and her story

Abstract Drawing on data collected from two longitudinal Cohort Studies following the lives of over 20,000 individuals born in the United Kingdom 12 years apart in 1958 and 1970, respectively, this paper examines antecedents and outcomes of educational and occupational aspirations of young men and women, covering the transition from dependent childhood into independent adulthood. Two analytical models, a Social Reproduction Model and a Developmental-Contextual Model are tested to assess the processes by which family background and the wider socio-historical context influence work and family related careers. The findings demonstrate the persistent role of gender, social origin and individual agency processes as well as the influence of a changing socio-historical context on career development. Results are interpreted with regard to biographical agency processes linking individual lives with social contexts across the life course.
Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review

Summary Elevation in blood lactate concentration, with or without accompanying metabolic acidosis, is a hallmark finding in patients with circulatory compromise, and is also consistently noted in other conditions affecting critically ill or injured individuals. Little is reported in a veterinary literature regarding lactate measurement in the emergency and critical care setting, despite impressive reports of the clinical usefulness of lactate measurement in people. The purpose of this article is to review lactate kinetics and the clinical utility of lactate measurement. Limitations to lactate evaluation will also be discussed.
Economies of scale in home care.

Home care (HC) demonstration projects have assessed the results of an existing decentralized system rather than evaluate the consequences of changing the system. This paper examines the potential for improving HC cost performance through economies of scale and how these economies can be introduced into HC operations with expansion and consolidation of the market. Theoretical, empirical and policy issues discussed include: (a) specification of the elements of structural redesign of HC service programs focusing on the creation of joint services; (b a 1 critique of the current method of estimating the size of the market for long term care; (c) empirical measures of uneven HC market size and density with implications for the opportunity to apply economies of scale; (d) the major institutional obstacles to creating the requisite, coordination for joint HC services and policy recommendations to overcome these obstacles; (e) housing settings for joint services; (f) HC practices embodying economies of scale in Sw...
The Abilities of Body Mass Index and Skinfold Thicknesses to Identify Children with Low or Elevated Levels of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry−Determined Body Fatness

Objective To examine the accuracies of body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thicknesses in classifying the body fatness of 7365 8- to 19-year-old subjects in a national sample. Study design We used percent body fat determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (PBF DXA ) between 1999 and 2004. Categories of PBF DXA and the skinfold sum (triceps plus subscapular) were constructed so that that numbers of children in each category were similar to the number in each of 5 BMI categories based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Results Approximately 75% of the children and adolescents who had a BMI-for-age ≥ 95th percentile (considered obese) had elevated body fatness, but PBF DXA levels were more variable at lower BMIs. For example, only 41% of the boys who had a BMI DXA . The use of the skinfold sum, rather than BMI, slightly improved the identification of elevated levels of body fatness among boys ( P = .03), but not among girls ( P > .10). A low sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses was a better indicator of low PBF DXA than was a low BMI, but differences were smaller among children with greater levels of body fatness. Among girls who had a PBF DXA above the median, for example, BMI and the skinfold sum were correlated similarly (r = 0.77-0.79) with body fatness. Conclusions Both BMI and skinfold thicknesses are fairly accurate in identifying children who have excess body fatness. In contrast, if the goal is to identify children who have low body fatness, skinfold thicknesses would be preferred.
Early Experience with the Amplatzer Ductal Occluder for Closure of the Persistently Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Using an Amplatzer duct occluder, 106 patients (weight 21 ± 18 kg) underwent an attempt at catheter closure of a persistently patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Their age ranged from 22 days to 48 years. The PDA measured between 1.2 to 8.1 mm at its narrowest diameter. The device was successfully implanted in 105 patients. The immediate closure rate was 70% and gradually increased to 100% at 1 -month follow-up. There was no clinical evidence of hemolysis and no incidence of device embolization or bacterial arteritis. Doppler evaluation showed no evidence of aortic arch or pulmonary artery obstruction. The device, which is currently undergoing multicenter clinical trial in the United States, is proving to be a safe and effective device for closure of the persistently PDA. (J Interven Cardiol 2001;14:33–36)
PARALLEL MULTISPLITTINGS FOR CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

The philosophy of multisplitting methods is the replacement of a large-scale linear or nonlinear problem by a set of smaller subproblems, each of which can be solved locally and independently in parallel by taking advantage of well-tested sequential algorithms. Because of this formulation most compute-intensive operations can be calculated independently and the algorithms are highly parallel. In continuation of our earlier work we utilize a new parameter-free formulation of linearly constrained convex minimization problems to obtain a parallel algorithm of multisplitting type. Numerical results both serial and parallel are reported which demonstrate its efficiency and which also show that it compares favorably to our earlier parameter-dependent approach.
New-onset diabetes mellitus in transplant patients: pathogenesis, complications, and management

New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation is characterized by decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance secondary to the effects of immunosuppression. Although impaired beta cell function appears to be the primary mechanism of calcineurin inhibitor-induced new-onset diabetes, impaired peripheral glucose utilization also appears to contribute to insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism. Because transplant recipients who develop new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation are at increased risk for infections, cardiovascular disease, and poor patient and graft survival, all patients should undergo careful assessment of risk for diabetes prior to transplantation and regular screening for the development of hyperglycemia thereafter. For patients in high-risk groups, including certain ethnic backgrounds, older adults, and the very young, and patients with hepatitis C, consideration should be given to initiating immunosuppressive therapy with agents that are less diabetogenic. Recent guidelines include more stringent criteria for diagnosis and stress the importance of strict glycemic control. Diet, exercise, and weight management are core components of treatment with addition of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin as needed to achieve control. Concomitant measures include aggressive control of lipids and blood pressure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. New-onset diabetes after transplantation is a serious issue affecting patient and graft outcomes and warrants the attention of all health care professionals involved in assessing and managing the transplant recipient.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in acute leukemia: Radiographic findings

Acute gangrenous appendicitis or right lower quadrant necrotizing enterocolitis occurs with a high incidence in patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia. In a series of 81 fully documented cases with complete charts and follow-up we identified seven surgically or pathologically proved cases of this syndrome. Plain radiographs of the abdomen were available in five of the seven cases, and a barium enema was performed on one. In three of the five cases the radiographic examination suggested or confirmed the nature of the right lower quadrant syndrome. Two of the seven patients were successfully treated by appropriate surgery. The radiographic findings in this series are reviewed and re-emphasized since an accurate diagnosis becomes important in appropriate management of this formerly uniformly fatal complication of acute leukemia and/or its therapy.
Neutralization‐reionization mass spectrometry (NRMS). Structural information from vertical neutralization and reionization efficiencies

The neutralization-reionization mass spectra of alkane radical ions indicate significant differences between the structures and geometries of alkane molecules and their molecular ions, confirming recent ab initio predictions. Ionic isomers that are indistinguishable by collisionally-activated dissociation because of easy interconversion can be characterized by neutralization-reionization if the corresponding neutrals show different reactivities, as is demonstrated for the [C2H5]+/C2H5˙ system and for [C2H4O2]+˙ isomers. For identification of mixtures of more than one neutral species, the relative efficiency for reionizing each neutral must be determined; e.g. the O2 reionization efficiency of ˙CH2OH radicals is ∼4 times greater than that of CH3O˙. This information and reference reionization spectra of CH3O˙ and ˙CH2OH show that metastable or collisionally activated methyl acetate cations lose CH3O˙, not ˙CH2OH as previously reported; the newly-formed CH3O˙ undergoes partial (∼20%) isomerization to ˙CH2OH in the ∼10−6s before reionization. Similar results are obtained for [B(OCH3)3]+˙.
Use of plasmonic gratings for enhancing the quantum efficiency of photoconductive terahertz sources

Using plasmonic gratings, we have greatly increased the photo-absorbing active area of a photoconductive terahertz emitter, without sacrificing device ultrafast operation. More than 20 times radiation power enhancement was measured when compared to a similar emitter without plasmonic gratings.
Supervision from the Student Teacher's Perspective: An Institutional Case Study

Survey data from 222 student teachers at a small, liberal arts college were used to address the following three questions: Do university supervisors add value to the student teaching experience? Do student teachers distinguish between the roles played by supervisors and those played by cooperating teachers? How do student teachers characterise good supervision? Findings support the perspective that university supervisors serve a distinct and important function. Supervisors managed the experience, served as confidantes, and made evaluative judgments about performance. Cooperating teachers were viewed as instructional coaches who gave student teachers the physical and psychological space to try out strategies while supporting their efforts with feedback, modelling, and materials. As a result of this self-study, the unit looked for ways to elevate the role of supervisors and to engage supervisors in conversations about programme improvement.
Explaining smallholder maize marketing in southern and eastern Africa: The roles of market access, technology and household resource endowments

Research on household food grain sales behavior in developing countries has tended to focus on the roles of market access and prices to explain why many rural households do not sell staple crops, though recent literature suggests that low household asset endowments may also be key constraints. We use econometric analysis of panel data from smallholders in Kenya, Mozambique, and Zambia to inform the design of public investments that will enable smallholders to increase their maize sales. Results show that investments that raise farm-level productivity and land access are an essential complement to investments that improve market access.
Global Synchronization of Biological Network Systems with Time-Varying Delays

Abstract This paper focuses on global synchronization of a class of biological network systems with time-varying delays. In particular, an excitatory and inhibitory biological neuronal network system with time-varying delays is proposed and its global synchronization is then further investigated. Some sufficient conditions for global synchronization of this system are attained based on Barbalat's lemma and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, an intriguing scenario of such a system asymptotically converging to a constant time-delay system (called a limiting delay system) is also discussed, and the result is obtained by saying that the original system is globally asymptotically synchronized if the new constant time-delay system is globally asymptotically synchronized under some conditions. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Computer Generation of Reaction Mechanisms Using Quantitative Rate Information: Application to Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Pyrolysis

In recent years, the use of mechanistic modeling to identify the underlying kinetics of complex systems has increased greatly. One of the challenges to kinetic modeling is the construction of a model which can capture the essential chemistry of a system while a manageable size is retained. The rate-based generation of mechanistic models is an attractive approach because kinetically significant species can be determined and selectively included in the final mechanism. An algorithm for the rate-based generation of reaction mechanisms developed previously1 was improved and used to construct a compact mechanistic model for low-pressure tetradecane pyrolysis. Though thousands of species and reactions were generated, only a small portion of these (2% of species and 20% of reactions) was deemed necessary and incorporated into the final model. Experimental data were used to determine frequency factors for a subset of the reaction families, while all other kinetic parameters were set on the basis of literature val...
Maintaining Response Rates In Longitudinal Studies

A recognized problem in mounting longitudinal surveys concerns the costs and difficulties in maintaining response rates over time. This article details the techniques used to minimize response loss in a longitudinal study which maintained an 89% response rate over five interviews covering a fifteen-year period. These techniques centered on two problems common to all longitudinal studies: the difficulties involved in relocating respondents for subsequent interviews, and the necessity of maintaining respondent cooperation over repeated interviews.
IDENTIFYING LEARNING DISABILITIES IN THE CLASSROOM

(1974). IDENTIFYING LEARNING DISABILITIES IN THE CLASSROOM. The Slow Learning Child: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
Inflation targeting and financial market volatility

We construct an inflation-targeting index for a group of seven Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries that ranks countries according to the key features of formal inflation targeting regimes. The relationship between this index and bond markets is empirically examined to investigate whether inflation targeting reduces the mean of the conditional volatility of the difference between actual yields and those predicted by the expectations hypothesis. We find that the adoption of a more stringent inflation-targeting regime is generally associated with a statistically significant drop in conditional volatility, suggesting that inflation targeting reduces noise in bond markets.
Elastodynamic near-tip fields for a rapidly propagating interface crack

Abstract The elastodynamic stress field near a crack tip rapidly propagating along the interface between two dissimilar isotropic elastic solids is investigated. Both anti-plane and in-plane motions are considered. The anti-plane displacements and the in-plane displacement potentials are sought in the separated forms r q F(θ) , r and θ being polar coordinates centered at the moving tip. The mathematical statement of the problem reduces to a second-order linear ordinary differential equation in θ, which can be solved analytically. Formulation of the boundary and interface conditions leads to an eigenvalue problem for the singularity exponent q . For the in-plane problem, root q is found to be complex. Thus, the stresses exhibit violent oscillations within a small region around the crack tip, and the solutions have physical significance only outside this region. The angular stress distributions are plotted for various crack speeds, and it is found that at a high enough speeds the direction θ of maximum stress moves out of the interface. This result indicates that a running interface crack may move into one of the adjoining materials.
Financial services advertising in eight non‐English speaking countries

Although services, in general, have increased in significance worldwide, financial services face a less encouraging future. Market saturation has led to a search for growth opportunities. One approach has been to utilize traditional marketing techniques such as advertising. Another approach has been to expand into international markets. Managing the international advertising efforts of financial service firms is incredibly complex. This nine country study looks at consistency between advertising content and points of emphasis from financial strategy research. The comparison yields similarities and differences between critical managerial dimensions and themes in international financial service advertisements. Discussion of these findings and implications are provided.
Percutaneous interventions in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction: A case series and review

Cocaine-associated myocardial infarction (CAMI) is a well-reported entity. Most previous reports on CAMI have been limited to conservative care utilizing benzodiazepines, aspirin, nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, and thrombolytics. Current guidelines on CAMI advocate immediate use of angiography and angioplasty if available rather than routine administration of thrombolytics. However, based on literature search from 1966 to 2001 (using keywords “cocaine,” “myocardial infarction,” and “angioplasty”), there have been only two case reports of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction. Both were notable for complications either during or immediately after the procedure. We report a series of 10 patients with cocaine-associated myocardial infarction who were treated with percutaneous interventions, which included angioplasty, stenting, and AngioJet mechanical extraction of thrombus. Despite the different arteriopathic process involved, our findings suggest that PCI can be performed safely and with a high degree of procedural success in patients with CAMI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;56:346–352. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Workplace violence: a policy statement.

Alyona works as a bookseller on the third floor of a large bookstore located at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusets. She often works at night (until as late as 10 or 11 p.m.), and she often works alone. At night, the third floor is usually deserted. Many transient and homeless people hang about the Square; most of them are benign, some are not. One late night, Alyona approached a man who seemed to be a customer searching for a book on the shelves. As she approached him, he turned, grabbed her by the throat, and threw her to the ground. He then ran off and out of the store. Though not physically injured, Alyona was, of course, terrified, and the outcome of this incident could have been much worse.
Talking Rocks in the Irkutsk Museum: Networks of Science in Late Imperial Siberia

This article critically examines the intervention of a collection of geological specimens into local politics in Irkutsk in imperial Russia's constitutional period. Gathered for research on the Circumbaikal (Krugobaikal'skaia) Railroad in 1904, these rocks were donated to the museum of the East Siberian Section of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society in Irkutsk; but were subsequently removed from the storage tower, taken to European Russia by train, and pulverized in a laboratory in order to test their weight-bearing potential and open them up to chemical examination under a microscope. The ensuing conflict in Irkutsk over their removal divided local men of science into factions, both of which called on the rocks to “talk” for them in different ways. The culmination of the conflict was the publication in a local newspaper of a traditionally formatted “grievance” voiced by those rocks that remained in storage in the museum. This grievance played on assumptions by Siberian elites about the superior moral authenticity of the local over abstract central authority. I argue, however, that while this was a savvy political move by the defenders of the rocks as museum property, this conflict was not actually a case of resistance to central crushing of local agency, nor should it be understood as a linear ascendency of professionals over amateurs. Rather, it was a conflict between overlapping and competing scientific networks, both of which had ties to the region around Irkutsk as well as to agencies in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and both of which depended on the circulation of things, people, and values to make the local meaningful. Both sides depended on the possession of objects for the legitimacy of their science, and appealed to the concreteness of rocks to make a case for the objective correctness of their points of view. Thinking about rocks as participants in an assemblage of human actors; tectonic (and political) instability; indigenous markers of place; museum storage rooms; railroads; newspapers; and laboratory instruments enables us to conceive of late Imperial Russian culture and politics as embodied, vibrant, and in constant motion.