cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Is English also the place where I belong?’: linguistic biographies and expanding communicative repertoires in Central Java

This article employs the term ‘communicative repertoire’ in order to highlight that when one learns any new ‘language’, one introduces new communicative resources into a unified communicative repertoire. As repertoires represent such singular ‘grammars’ in individuals’ minds, learned communicative resources can be deployed across all of the speaker's ‘languages’. In the single case study presented in this article, one individual from a medium-sized town in Central Java does not just learn ‘English’; he learns, along with this new language, new ways of thinking not encountered in his upbringing. He learns about the locally situated social and political nature of multiple registers of English, Indonesian and Javanese, and he explores how and when to deploy a complex and growing set of communicative resources in measure to achieve communicative ends and a comfortable self-image. As individuals’ personal communicative repertoires – and thus their experiences with people, information and ways of thinking and b...
Gearbox Degradation Identification Using Pattern Recognition Techniques

Gear stiffness degrades over the life of a gearbox. In this paper stiffness degradation is identified using pattern classification techniques that rely on the spectral content of the vibration induced during the operation of the gearbox. In particular, the k-nearest-neighbor algorithm, as well as a novel neural network classifier was deployed to address this issue. The classification process was generally able to classify early signs of stiffness degradation. It was found, however, that multiple networks are essential to classification in regions of practical concern. To this end selection of features and clear understanding of the disparity among them play key roles. It was further determined that noise attenuation must be incorporated into the process for the results to be reliable. Finally, the effects of initial conditions must be well understood in order for the diagnostic process to produce reliable conclusions.
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality predicts behavior

Forty-nine zoo-housed chimpanzees were rated on 43 adjectival personality descriptors. The descriptors were used to calculate values for six personality factors that had been previously determined. The six factors included Dominance, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Dependability, Emotionality, and Openness. Frequencies of 25 specific behaviors were independently recorded. The behaviors were categorized into five social contexts: Agonistic, Submissive, Affinitive, Solitary, and Public Orientation. Agonistic context behaviors were positively associated with Dominance and Emotionality, and negatively associated with Agreeableness and Dependability. Extraversion was positively associated with Affinitive context behaviors and negatively associated with Public Orientation. The pattern of significant and nonsignificant personality–behavior correlations was largely consistent with the construct validity of the personality factors.
Parental and community level correlates of participation in out-of-school activities among children living in low income neighborhoods

Participation in organized activities outside of school can prevent poor outcomes in at-risk children and youth. In low income neighborhoods, though, there may be barriers to involving children and youth in these activities. This study examined the degree to which parental community involvement and neighborhood safety and disadvantage affected participation in out-of-school activities. Using data from probability samples drawn in 128 low income census tracts in 10 cities that were part of Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections Initiative, hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM) were estimated. Results show that children whose parents were involved in community volunteering and action were more likely to participate in out-of-school activities. Neighborhood safety ratings also had a positive effect on participation. Cross-level interactions showed that unsafe conditions were less of a barrier if parents volunteered in the community and that participation among African Americans and Hispanics was less inhibited by unsafe conditions thanwas participation for Whites and other ethnic groups. The implications are that out-of-school programs will have better attendance if they are part of a context in which adults involve themselves in the community and that programs should include provisions for keeping children safe in neighborhoods where safety is perceived as problematic.
Cannabinoid receptor expression and phosphorylation are differentially regulated between male and female cerebellum and brain stem after repeated stress: implication for PTSD and drug abuse

Recent study demonstrated a close relationship between cerebellum atrophy and symptom severity of pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has also been known that females are more vulnerable than males in developing anxiety disorders after exposure to traumatic stress. The mechanisms are unknown. Because cannabinoid receptors (CB₁ and CB₂) are neuroprotective and highly expressed in the cerebellum, we investigated cerebellar CB expression in stressed rats. Young male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 40 unpredictable electric tail-shocks for 2h daily on 3 consecutive days. CB₁ and CB₂ mRNA and protein levels in rat cerebellum and brain stem were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant gender and stress effects on cerebellar CB₁ mRNA expression, with females and non-stressed rats exhibiting higher CB₁ mRNA levels than the males (3 fold, p<0.01) and stressed rats (30%, p<0.01), respectively. CB₁ and CB₂ mRNA levels in brain stem were also greater in female rats than males (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Repeated stress increased the level of phosphorylated CB₁ receptors, the inactivated CB₁, in rat cerebellum (p<0.01), particularly in female rats as revealed by the significant gender × stress interaction. Thus, repeated severe stress caused greater CB₁ mRNA suppression and CB₁ receptor phosphorylation in female cerebellum that could lead to increased susceptibility to stress-related anxiety disorders including PTSD.
On 50 Years of Giving Psychology Away: An Interview With Philip Zimbardo

Philip G. Zimbardo, emeritus professor of psychology at Stanford University, is internationally recognized as the voice and face of contemporary American psychology. He earned his PhD in social psy...
The stigma of mental illness in Arab families: a concept analysis

Accessible summary The stigma of mental illness varies significantly from culture to culture and from person to person. To date, little is known about how mental illness stigma manifests within the Arab community. This study aimed at bringing clarity to the concept of ‘mental illness stigma’ as it applies to Arab families. Nursing's holistic and patient-centered approach is integral to helping Arab patients and their families appropriately incorporate individual values, beliefs, and cultural perspectives into treatment plans. This study establishes a scientific alert for professionals at all levels to avoid making false generalizations about a specific culture that are not based on specific research findings from that culture. Abstract Accessing mental health services is a critical step towards reducing the burden of mental illness. The stigma of mental illness is one of the most common reasons for not seeking mental health care leading to negative health consequences and undue suffering for many individuals and their families. Stigma is embedded in its social context. What may be considered acceptable in one society may be considered unacceptable and open to stigmatization in other societies. Arabs have a shared set of values, beliefs, and traditions that are substantially different from those of Westerners. Further, in most Arab countries, formal mental health resources are scarce and people with mental illness experience the compounded disadvantages of poverty and illness stigma. To date, little is known about how mental illness stigma manifests within the Arab community making it difficult to design and test interventions that support Arab individuals with mental illness and their families in treatment seeking and adherence. Using Rodger's concept analysis method, we examined how ‘mental illness stigma’ operates within an Arab context as a first step towards elucidating culturally competent approaches to treatment. This analysis provides a foundation for future work in the areas of mental illness diagnosis, education, and treatment that reflect the unique characteristics of Arab culture.
VA research: committed to women who have "borne the battle" and beyond.

In increasing numbers, women have been serving in the military and playing critical roles in our Nation’s recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) stands ready to fulfill President Lincoln’s promise “To care for him [and her] who shall have borne the battle” and serve and honor America’s women veterans. The VA has proudly cared for women veterans from all eras, but their recent surge in numbers demands changes in the VA’s health care system. Throughout its history, the VA has demonstrated its ability to innovate to meet evolving needs. Under the leadership of Secretary Eric K. Shinseki, the VA has set forth an ambitious agenda to transform the VA and its health care system, including expanding health care access and improving the culture of VA care for women veterans. Research is one of the keys to the success of this transformation. Improving the health and health care of women veterans has been a research priority within VA since the 1990s. However, in anticipationof thegrowingnumbersofwomenveterans, research to improve their health and health care has assumed heightened urgency. In 2004, the VA Office of Research and Development established the first comprehensive VAwomen’s health research agenda directed toward positioning VA as a national leader in women’s health care (Yano et al., 2006). Subsequently, there has been dramatic growth in research aimed at understanding the needs of women veterans, and their access to and use of care (Bean-Mayberry, et al., 2010; Washington, Yano, Simon, Canning, & Sun, 2006). Importantly, VA research has promoted implementation of new effective treatments (e.g., of posttraumatic stress disorder amongwomen veterans; Schnurr et al., 2007) and policy and program changes in the organization and delivery of care (Veterans Health Administration, 2008; Yano,Washington & Bean-Mayberry, 2008; Yano, Rose, et. al., 2010) in a health care system eager to translate research into more effective practice to meet women veterans’ needs and preferences. The value of the VA’s research agenda-setting and planning effort is evident in the growth of the women’s health research
ADP-ribosylation Factor 6 Regulates Glioma Cell Invasion through the IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1-Rac1-mediated Pathway

A common pathobiological feature of malignant gliomas is the insidious infiltration of single tumor cells into the brain parenchyma, rendering these deadly tumors virtually incurable with available therapies. In this study, we report that ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a Ras superfamily small GTPase, is abundantly expressed in invasive human glioma cells. Cellular depletion of ARF6 by small interfering RNA decreased Rac1 activation, impaired HGF-stimulated and serum-stimulated glioma cell migration in vitro, and markedly decreased the invasive capacity of invasive glioma in the brain. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ARF6 in glioma cells promoted cell migration via the activation of Rac1. Upon stimulation of glioma cells with HGF, we show that IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is recruited and overlaps with ARF6 at the leading edge of migrating cells. However, cellular depletion of ARF6 abrogated this recruitment of IQGAP1 and attenuated the formation of surface protrusions. ARF6 forms complexes with Rac1 and IQGAP1 in glioma cells upon HGF stimulation, and knockdown of IQGAP1 significantly inhibits ARF6-induced Rac1 activation and cell migration. Taken together, these data suggest that ARF6-mediated Rac1 activation is essential for glioma cell invasion via a signaling pathway that requires IQGAP1.
Use of Long Sequence Alignments to Study the Evolution and Regulation of Mammalian Globin Gene Clusters

The determination of long segments of DNA sequences encompassing the beta- and alpha-globin gene clusters has provided an unprecedented data base for analysis of genome evolution and regulation of gene clusters. A newly developed computer tool kit generates local alignments between such long sequences in a space-efficient manner, helps the user analyze the alignments effectively, and finds consistently aligning blocks of sequences in multiple pairwise comparisons. Such sequence analyses among the beta-like globin gene clusters of human, galago, rabbit, and mouse have revealed the general patterns of evolution of this gene cluster. Alignments in the flanking regions are very useful in assigning orthologous relationships. Investigation of such matches between the mouse and human beta-like globin gene clusters has led to a reassessment of some orthologous assignments in mouse and to a revision of the proposed pathway for evolution of this gene cluster. In general, the interspersed repetitive elements have inserted independently, presumably via a retrotransposition mechanism, in the different mammalian lineages. However, some examples of ancient L1 repeats are found, including one between the epsilon- and gamma-globin genes that appears to have been in the ancestral eutherian gene cluster. Prominent matching sequences are found in a long region 5' to the epsilon-globin gene, the locus control region (LCR) that is a positive regulator of the entire gene cluster. Three-way alignments among the human, goat, and rabbit sequences can extend for > or = 3 kb in part of the LCR (DNase hypersensitive site 3), indicating that the cis-acting components of this complex regulatory region cover a long segment of DNA. In contrast to the beta-like globin gene clusters, the alpha-like globin gene clusters of many mammals occur in very G+C-rich isochores and contain prominent CpG islands. The regions between the alpha-like globin genes are evolving faster than the intergenic regions of the beta-like globin gene clusters. The contrasts between the two gene clusters can be attributed to differences in DNA metabolism in the isochore. The proximal control elements of the rabbit alpha-globin gene are located both 5' to and within the gene. All of this region is part of a prominent CpG island that may be acting as an extended, enhancer-independent promoter. One can hypothesize that the analogue to the LCR in the alpha-globin gene cluster may interface with the distinctive alpha-globin promoter in ways different from the interaction between the beta LCR and the promoters of beta-like globin genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A generalization of nets and bases

In this paper the notions ofK-nets andK-bases are introduced and the corresponding cardinal functions,K-netweight andK-weight, are studied. Spaces with smallK-nets orK-bases are in some sense close to compact spaces. It turns out that the ordinary weight and net-weight can be easily expressed in terms of theK-versions and some auxiliary functions, moreover under some restrictions, weight and net-weight actually coincide with the hereditary modifications ofK-weight andK-netweight, respectively.
Should a vehicle fuel economy standard be combined with an economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions constraint? Implications for energy and climate policy in the United States

Abstract The United States has adopted fuel economy standards that require increases in the on-road efficiency of new passenger vehicles, with the goal of reducing petroleum use and (more recently) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding the cost and effectiveness of fuel economy standards, alone and in combination with economy-wide policies that constrain GHG emissions, is essential to inform coordinated design of future climate and energy policy. We use a computable general equilibrium model, the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, to investigate the effect of combining a fuel economy standard with an economy-wide GHG emissions constraint in the United States. First, a fuel economy standard is shown to be at least six to fourteen times less cost effective than a price instrument (fuel tax) when targeting an identical reduction in cumulative gasoline use. Second, when combined with a cap-and-trade (CAT) policy, a binding fuel economy standard increases the cost of meeting the GHG emissions constraint by forcing expensive reductions in passenger vehicle gasoline use, displacing more cost-effective abatement opportunities. Third, the impact of adding a fuel economy standard to the CAT policy depends on the availability and cost of abatement opportunities in transport—if advanced biofuels provide a cost-competitive, low carbon alternative to gasoline, the fuel economy standard does not bind and the use of low carbon fuels in passenger vehicles makes a significantly larger contribution to GHG emissions abatement relative to the case when biofuels are not available. This analysis underscores the potentially large costs of a fuel economy standard relative to alternative policies aimed at reducing petroleum use and GHG emissions. It further emphasizes the need to consider sensitivity to vehicle technology and alternative fuel availability and costs as well as economy-wide responses when forecasting the energy, environmental, and economic outcomes of policy combinations.
WHY IS AFRICA POOR

ABSTRACT In this paper we take for granted that the poverty of Sub-Saharan Africa is to a large part explained by its political and economic institutions. As citizens Africans do not have the incentives to save and invest, as politicians they do not have the incentive to provide public goods. We focus on the issue of how Africa developed such institutions. Historically, no society had the types of institutions required for modern economic growth, though a few had elements of them for quite long periods. Growth arose when institutional transitions took place. We argue that the historical dynamics of institutions in Africa have been different. Processes of state formation seem to have been delayed relative to Eurasia, and state institutions appear to have been intensely absolutist and patrimonial. These initial institutions interacted in a perverse way with a series of shocks that hit Africa, in particular the slave trade in the early modern period, and colonialism in the 19th and 20th centuries. Africa cou...
Infrequency of metastasis to ovaries in Stage I carcinoma of the cervix

areas), two patients were found to have cytological changes suggestive of dysplasia (IIR) one week later. Histological examination of one of these, two weeks after cauterization, revealed superficial dysplasia. These preliminary observations suggest that silver nitrate cauterization may induce epithelial changes in the cervix similar to those of dysplasia, with the resultant possibility of cytological and clinical concern. The suggestion is offered that at least 6 to 8 weeks are allowed to elapse after silver nitrate cautery before cytological studies are repeated. Table I
A Colorimetric Plasmonic Nanosensor for Dosimetry of Therapeutic Levels of Ionizing Radiation

Modern radiation therapy using highly automated linear accelerators is a complex process that maximizes doses to tumors and minimizes incident dose to normal tissues. Dosimeters can help determine the radiation dose delivered to target diseased tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. However, existing dosimeters can be complex to fabricate, expensive, and cumbersome to operate. Here, we demonstrate studies of a liquid phase, visually evaluated plasmonic nanosensor that detects radiation doses commonly employed in fractionated radiotherapy (1–10 Gy) for tumor ablation. We accomplished this by employing ionizing radiation, in concert with templating lipid surfactant micelles, in order to convert colorless salt solutions of univalent gold ions (Au1) to maroon-colored dispersions of plasmonic gold nanoparticles. Differences in color intensities of nanoparticle dispersions were employed as quantitative indicators of the radiation dose. The nanoparticles thus formed were characterized usin...
High-speed and high-resolution phase-space imaging with digital micromirror devices

We describe an imaging system for capturing 4D phase-space distributions of partially coherent and scattered light. The capture comprises a fast aperture coding in the Fourier space of the object, which is done by a digital micromirror device (DMD).
Separate and joint effects of alcohol and caffeine on conflict monitoring and adaptation.

Caffeine is commonly believed to offset the acute effects of alcohol, but some evidence suggests that cognitive processes remain impaired when caffeine and alcohol are coadministered. No previous study has investigated the separate and joint effects of alcohol and caffeine on conflict monitoring and adaptation, processes thought to be critical for self-regulation. This was the purpose of the current study. Healthy, young adult social drinkers recruited from the community completed a flanker task after consuming one of four beverages in a 2 × 2 experimental design: Alcohol + caffeine, alcohol + placebo caffeine, placebo alcohol + caffeine, or placebo alcohol + placebo caffeine. Accuracy, response time, and the amplitude of the N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP), a neural index of conflict monitoring, were examined as a function of whether or not conflict was present (i.e., whether or not flankers were compatible with the target) on both the previous trial and the current trial. Alcohol did not abolish conflict monitoring or adaptation. Caffeine eliminated conflict adaptation in sequential trials but also enhanced neural conflict monitoring. The combined effect of alcohol and caffeine was apparent only in how previous conflict affected the neural conflict monitoring response. Together, the findings suggest that caffeine leads to exaggeration of attentional resource utilization, which could provide short-term benefits but lead to problems conserving resources for when they are most needed.
Towards Large-scale Silicon Photonics Integration

We present on the development of a 300mm silicon photonics platform incorporating multi-level copper interconnects, vertical junction modulators, germanium detectors, and silicon nitride layers. Within this platform, we demonstrate large-scale silicon photonic circuits. Article not available.
Abstract 4188: Whole transcriptome analyses of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells

Women with advanced stage ovarian cancer have a five-year survival rate of less than 25%. Although most patients respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, relapses are common, leading to platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, which is uniformly fatal. Similar to other malignancies, ovarian cancer progression is associated with transcriptional deregulation and such changes contribute to ovarian cancer progression and development of resistance to chemotherapy. In an effort to better understand the causes of acquired platinum resistance in ovarian cancer, we performed whole transcriptome analysis of platinum sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. We used RNA-sequencing to identify candidate genes and pathways that contribute to platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. We detected altered mRNA expression of transcription factors (DMRT3, DMRT1, GATA1, EMX2, LHX1, SRY, SOX9, FOXL2, LHX9) and signaling pathway genes (RXFP2, AR, WT1, FGF9, RSPO1, TUSC3, NROB1, WNT4). Additionally, significant up regulation (>20 fold increase) of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) HOTAIR and HOTTIP, which direct polycomb group and trithorax complexes to HOX promoters, was detected. We observed elevated HoxA gene expression (> 100 fold in some cases) associated with increased HOTTIP lncRNA expression in the platinum resistant cells. Altered expression of genes associated with DNA methylation (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L MECP2, MBD3L1, MBD6, MBD2, MBD3L2, MBD5, MBD1, MBD3, MBD4) was also observed. Furthermore, the splicing patterns of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in platinum resistant cells were altered, resulting in splice variants lacking functional coding regions. Altered BRCA1 and BRCA2 splicing patterns were correlated with reduced expression levels for numerous splicing factors (A2BP1, PTBP1, RBM9, SFRS3, ARID3A, ARID3B, SF1). DNA methylation analysis indicated epigenetic derepression consistent with increased expression for gonad developmental genes (HOTAIR, HOTTIP, HOXA genes). Our data suggest that genes associated ovarian development and differentiation contribute to the development of platinum resistant ovarian cancer. We are currently conducting integrated data and bioinformatics analyses to further investigate changes found in platinum resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4188. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4188
Optics in the nanoscale limit for optoelectronics and biophotonics

ABSTRACT Contemporary optical effects and photonic component necessary for the realization of nanoscale integrated photonic circuit for developing lab-on-a-chipincluding light sources, de tectors and filters is summarized. We present the concept of a lab-on-a-chip for the next generation optoelectronics and biophotonic industry including novel nanoscale material systems for lasers and detectors. Using principles such as plasmonics and near-field optics highly efficient nano-photonic lasers or modulators can be realized. The light source can be tuned from the UV to the visible range using ion implantation of noble metal such as Ag or Au in Silicon or silica. The presence of Ag or Ag nanoparticles can result in a significant enhancement of the light emission in the UV, green or red wavelength regime. Novel molecular electronics materials has been used to design olegonucleotide based photodetectors on transparent substrates for the detection of analytes in an all-optical system. Either a transparent GaN semiconductor or glass can be used as an substrate. Hybrid photonic crystal based microfluidic channels synthesized using hydrogel material can be optimized to control the flow of fluid using light. In this paper, the de vice components developed at the Univers ity of North Texas will be presented for the realization of a lab-on-a-chip. Keywords: Nanophotonics, plasmonic light emitters, nonlinear optical sources, tunable photonic crystals, molecular wires, lab-on-a-chip
Pink Bollworm: Effect of Infection by a Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus on Diapausing Larvae

When diapausing larvae of pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were infected by a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, the duration of diapause was reduced and larval mortality increased. When larvae were reared on diets containing the virus, 42% of the diapausing larvae had pupated by 117 days, compared with 2% of those reared on untreated diets. Mortality at that age was 28% for larvae reared on treated diets compared with 2% for those reared on untreated diets. It appears that infection by the virus reduced the lipid content of diapausing larvae.
Invited Review: Mathematical models for analysis of warranty policies

Models for determining costs, to buyer and seller, of various types of warranties are summarized. Warranty costs depend on the life distribution of the items sold under warranty as well as on the warranty terms. Basic consumer warranties as well as warranties used in government and commercial transactions are considered. Free-replacement, pro-rata, reliability-improvement (RIW), cumulative and various combination warranties are analyzed. An overview of a wide variety of warranty conditions and analytical approaches and assumptions is presented.
The Development of a Standard Reference Material for Calibration of the University of Pittsburgh Smoke Toxicity Method for Assessing the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Combustion Products

A standard reference material (SRM 1049) has been developed for the University of Pittsburgh smoke toxicity method. SRM 1049 is a nylon 6/6 and has the molecular structure of [-NH(CH2)6NHCO(CH2)4CO-] n . This SRM is for calibrating the apparatus and providing confidence that the method is being conducted in a correct manner and that the equipment is functioning properly. The certified figure of merit is a LC50 value plus its 95% prediction interval which were calculated and found to be 4.4 + 3.4 g. The 95% prediction interval indicates the range in which the next determined LC50 value would be expected to fall. Thus, if an investigator were to test this SRM under their laboratory conditions according to the specifications of the University of Pittsburgh test procedure and found the LC50 value fell within the certified 95% prediction interval, the probability is good that the test is being conducted correctly.
Analysis of agronomic traits and standard heterosis of F_1 hybrid between Pei'ai 64S and Javanica rice

This paper reports the agronomic traits and standard heterosis(SH) of 27 indica/javanica hybrids Pei'ai 64S(Indica rice,a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line) and Javanica rice at Changsha.In general,there are no significant difference in grains per panicle and theoretic yield per hectare but significant difference at 1% level in the other traits between indica/javanica hybrid and check;comparing with the check,the indica/ javanica hybrids have positive SH in culm height,panicle length,spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight;and negtive SH in days to flower,effective tillers per plant,seed set,theoretic yield per hectare,actual yield per hectare.For the individuals,the hybrids with SH of theoretic yield per hectare40% possess 11.1%,the hybrids with SH of actual yield per hectare 40% occupy 3.7%.The utilization method of iavanica resouces is discussed.
Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Amount on Wuyoudao4

Taking Wuyoudao4as test material and 5different potassium fertilizer amount were carried on Wuyoudao4.The results showed that with the increase of the potassium fertilizer application,lodging of rice was reduced,the 1000grain weight, seed setting rate,tillers and yield,rate of head milled rice were increased,the chalky rice rate was decreased,transparency was increased,protein amylose content was reduced,the value of comprehensive evaluation was increased.The yield and quality will be the best with application of potassium fertilizer 10~12.5kg/667m2,If the application amount was lower than 10kg/66 m2,its would cause the rice lodging,decrease quality and yield of rice.If the application amount was higher than 12.5kg/667 m2,the costs would increase,but the quality decline down without increase of yield.
Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

ABSTRACTAcross the world's seas and oceans, archaeological research focused on islands has generally privileged those that are larger in size. Explanations for this phenomenon range from the (mis)perception by scholars that prehistoric peoples were more attracted to the presumed greater number and diversity of resources typically available on larger islands, to the ephemeral aspect of archaeological evidence on smaller land areas. These are coupled with logistical and infrastructure issues that often limit access to labor, equipment, and transportation to conduct field activities (e.g., remote atolls in the Pacific). A growing body of research demonstrates, however, that ancient peoples regularly and readily occupied and/or accessed many smaller islands for both terrestrial and marine resources. In some cases, within an archipelago, evidence shows an earlier occupation on smaller islands versus larger ones, or an attraction to the former given unique or seasonal resource availability and/or defensive capa...
Studio workshop: e-cannons and other robot weapons

In this workshop participants will learn the basics of microcontrollers, sensors and servo-motors to build their own canon. The canon operates similar to a tennis ball machine that shoots 3/4 inch nylon balls for the SIGGRAPH Feuding Cities game. Learn how to build, program and control the canon to shoot and hit targets. Using these techniques participants can experiment with their own design of the ball hopper to feed the canon more ammunition or develop different weapons. The level of this course is introductory and would be of interest to novice and expert programmers, people interested in robotics, game players to developers and anyone who may be curious about electronics. Some programming knowledge is useful as well as a basic understanding of electronics.All electronics and accompanying material will be provided and may be used by the participants of the course. If a participant would like to keep their project they may purchase a kit at a special conference price. These materials must however, be returned if they not purchased.
Scalability study of an implicit solver for coupled fluid-structure interaction problems on unstructured meshes in 3D:

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems are computationally very challenging. In this paper we consider the monolithic approach for solving the fully coupled FSI problem. Most existing technique...
Late toxicity and outcomes following radiation therapy for chest wall sarcomas in pediatric patients.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the contribution of radiation therapy to acute and late toxicity in pediatric chest wall sarcoma patients and evaluate dosimetric correlates of higher incidence toxicities such as scoliosis and pneumonitis. Methods and materials The data from 23 consecutively treated pediatric patients with chest wall sarcomas of various histologies (desmoid, Ewing, rhabdomyosarcoma, nonrhabdomyosarcoma-soft tissue sarcomas) were reviewed to evaluate the relationship between end-organ radiation dose, clinical factors, and the risk of subsequent late effects (scoliosis, pneumonitis). Cobb angles were used to quantify the extent of scoliosis. Doses to the spine and lung were calculated from the radiation treatment plan. Results The range of scoliosis identified on follow-up imaging ranged from −47.6 to 64° (median, 2.95°). No relationship was identified between either radiation dose to the ipsilateral or contralateral vertebral body or tumor size and the degree or direction of scoliosis. The extent of surgical resection and number and location of resected ribs affected the extent of scoliosis. The dominant predictor of extent of scoliosis at long-term follow-up was the extent of scoliosis following surgical resection. Radiation pneumonitis was uncommon and was not correlated with mean dose or volume of lung receiving 24 Gy; however, 1 of 3 surviving patients who received whole pleural surface radiation therapy developed significant restrictive lung disease. Conclusions Acute and late radiation therapy–associated toxicities in pediatric chest wall sarcoma patients are modest. The degree of scoliosis following resection is a function of the extent of resection and of the number and location of ribs resected, and the degree of scoliosis at the last follow-up visit is a function of the extent of scoliosis following surgery. Differential radiation therapy dose across the vertebral body does not increase the degree of scoliosis. Severe restrictive pulmonary disease is a late complication of survivors after whole pleural surface radiation therapy.
Pre-dispersal seed predation by the weevils Trichapion rostrum and Tychius sordidus limits reproductive output of Baptisia alba (Fabaceae)

Baptisia alba (L.) Vent., an herbaceous, perennial legume, produces more flowers than will mature into pods. Single-year experiments on two reconstructed prairies tested the hypothesis that reprodu...
The effect of violent crime on economic mobility

Abstract Recent evidence has found substantial geographic variation in the level of upward economic mobility across US states, metropolitan areas, commuting zones, and counties. However, minimal progress has been made in identifying the key mechanisms that help explain why some urban areas have low rates of upward mobility while others have rates of upward mobility that resemble the most mobile nations in the developed world. In this article we focus attention on one specific dimension of urban areas, the level of violent crime. Using longitudinal data and an array of empirical approaches, we find strong evidence that the level of violent crime in a county has a causal effect on the level of upward economic mobility among individuals raised in families at the 25th percentile of the income distribution. We find that a one standard deviation decline in violent crime as experienced during late adolescence increases the expected income rank in adulthood by at least 2 points. Similarly, a one standard deviation decline in the murder rate increases the expected income rank by roughly 1.5 points. These effect sizes are statistically and economically significant. Although we are limited in our capacity to provide evidence on the mechanisms explaining the link between crime and mobility, we present suggestive results showing that the decline in the violent crime rate reduced the prevalence of high school dropouts at the county level between 1990 and 2010.
Learning with labeled sessions

Traditional supervised learning deals with labeled instances. In many applications such as physiological data modeling and speaker identification, however, training examples are often labeled objects and each of the labeled objects consists of multiple unlabeled instances. When classifying a new object, its class is determined by the majority of its instance classes. As a consequence of this decision rule, one challenge to learning with labeled objects (or sessions) is to determine during training which subset of the instances inside an object should belong to the class of the object. We call this type of learning 'session-based learning' to distinguish it from the traditional supervised learning. In this paper, we introduce session-based learning problems, give a formal description of session-based learning in the context of related work, and propose an approach that is particularly designed for session-based learning. Empirical studies with UCI datasets and real-world data show that the proposed approach is effective for session-based learning.
Teaching to promote a growth mindset

The purpose of this paper is to describe a special session intended to help instructors better understand the difference between fixed versus growth mindset and how instructional approaches can implicitly or explicitly promote one or the other. Originating with Carol Dweck, individuals with a fixed mindset believe that a specific ability or intelligence is innate and fixed. In contrast, individuals with a growth mindset believe that ability or intelligence can be improved with training and practice. Through implicit and explicit messages to their students, instructors may inadvertently trigger students to approach tasks with a fixed mindset. The interactive session will focus on common messages and strategies that will help students to approach tasks in a class with a growth mindset.
Exercise Prescription for a Healthy Heart

Physical inactivity is associated with increased mortality. However, it is rarely emphasized by physicians as an essential component of health. Physicians place greater emphasis on medications that they are uniquely qualified to prescribe. This review outlines the historical and recent data supporting the importance of physical activity with the aim of inspiring physicians to prescribe physical activity to their patients. Recent meta-analyses pooling international population based data on physical activity show a dose-dependent reduction in mortality. A pooled cohort study found that those that exceed the recommended physical activity have a 31% decreased mortality risk. A study in elderly women published in 2018 revealed a greater than 50% reduction in all-cause mortality for those that participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. We encourage physicians to promote physical activity as the potential mortality benefit is substantial. Specific populations, such as African-Americans and Hispanics, may substantially benefit from increased promotion as they are disproportionately affected by the chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity. Adherence to physical activity guidelines is challenging, so regular reminders from physicians may be beneficial. The built environment predicts physical activity on a local level, so efforts to modify the built environment can promote physical activity. Given the potential mortality benefit illustrated by recent data, we encourage primary care physicians to promote physical activity in addition to recommended medical therapies.
Radiorespirometry in Identification of Mycobacteria

Since mycobacteria grow very slowly or not at all in cell-free media, a need exists for rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods of detecting their presence and studying their metabolism. We have developed such an assay system which includes automated radiometric quantification of 14CO2 produced through oxidation of 14C-labeled substrates by mycobacteria.
`My double love of boys': Chinese women's fascination with `Boys' Love' fiction

Yaoi, also known as “Boys’ Love,” is a popular female-oriented romantic fiction genre in China. This study examines how Chinese women construct their yaoi fandom. In particular, this study addresses how “Boys’ Love” romance enables female fans to make their own meanings and develop their ideological perspectives. Four themes emerged from 15 in-depth interviews with yaoi fans, who articulated their experiences and practices surrounding this genre. The findings suggest that 1) yaoi fandom empowers female readers to place a voyeuristic gaze upon men; 2) fans appropriate Boys’ Love texts to reinforce their desire for idealized heterosexual romance; 3) fans enjoy the pleasures of relaxation and escape through consuming yaoi; 4) and fans experience their yaoi fandom by interacting with other fans at both online and offline levels, and both collectively and individualistically.
Writer Verification using CNN Feature Extraction

We propose an end-to-end learning method based on statistical features extracted on set-of-samples level as a step toward solving the writer verification problem which is about deciding whether two handwriting sources are identical given handwriting samples from the two sources. The set-of-samples features are extracted on top of single sample features. Single sample features are traditionally learned using sample-to-sample comparison similarity learning. In this paper, we learn it as a sub-module of an end-to-end two-sets-of-samples comparison similarity learning. We compare human-engineered (GSC features) single sample features and automatically learned features using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and find the latter performs better with abundant training data and data augmentation. The statistical features on sets of samples capture both inner-writer variabilities and intra-writer variabilities. Experiments are conducted on frequently occurring words and digraphs such as "and" and "th" from around 1500 writers. We perform experiments on pre-training using sample-to-sample similarity learning and end-to-end fine-tuning. The results show that two-sets-of-samples comparison gives much better accuracy than sample-to-sample comparison. In addition, the end-to-end training based on parametric statistical features gives better accuracy than standard distribution comparison tests such as the K-S test based on distance space.
A COMMUNITARIAN POSITION ON CHARACTER EDUCATION

America’s moral and social fabric is weakening. Too often we demand rights without assuming responsibilities, pursue entitlements while shying away from obligations. More broadly, as the increase in antisocial behavior over the last decades indicates, we have lost our commitment to values we all share and next to no new ones have arisen to replace those that were lost.We should not treat violence, drug abuse, illegitimacy, promiscuity, abusive attitudes towards people of different backgrounds, alcoholism, poor academic performance, and other social maladies as isolated phenomena. They reflect several social factors but key among them is weakness of character, the inability to resist temptation and adhere to pro-social values.Communitarians maintain that values do not fly on their own wings. To shore up our moral foundations attention must be paid to the social institutions that undergird our values. These include the family, schools, the community (including voluntary associations and places of worship) and society (as a community of communities).
On Reliability of Stochastic Networks

In recent times we hear increasingly often about cyber attacks on various commercial and strategic sites that manage to escape any defense. In this article, we model such attacks on networks via stochastic processes and predict the time of a total or partial failure of a network including the magnitude of losses (such as the number of compromised nodes, lost weights, and a loss of other associated components relative to some fixed thresholds). To make such modeling more realistic we also assume that the information about the attacks is delayed as per random observations. We arrive at analytically and numerically tractable results demonstrated by examples and comparative simulation.
Factors associated with time to surgery in melanoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Background Timely treatment for melanoma may affect survival, and characterizing the predictors of delay may inform intervention strategies. Objective To determine characteristics associated with the interval between diagnosis and surgery in melanoma. Methods The National Cancer Database was used to examine factors associated with the interval between diagnosis and surgery among 213 146 patients with stage I, II, or III cutaneous melanoma. Results Among privately insured patients, time to surgery was longer for patients aged 50 to 70 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96) and older than 70 years (HR, 0.83) compared with those younger than 50 years. In contrast, patients without private insurance experienced a shorter surgical wait time if older (HR for age 50-70 years, 1.07; HR for age >70 years, 1.05). Other factors associated with longer surgical interval included nonwhite race, less education, higher comorbidity burden, advanced stage, and head or neck melanoma location. Limitations Use of zip code–level data for income and education level. Conclusion Patients with melanoma experience disparities in timely receipt of surgery.