cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The emancipatory potential of transformative mixed methods designs: informing youth participatory action research and restorative practices within a district-wide school transformation project

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the emancipatory potential of incorporating youth participatory action research (YPAR) and restorative practices (RP) implementation into a transformative mixed methods study design as a means to create equitable and caring school systems for marginalized youth. The utilization of transformative mixed methods research offers a methodological orientation to legitimize, illuminate, and prioritize perspectives from marginalized youth that may be undervalued, decontextualized, and oversimplified in traditional quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Furthermore, the authors suggest that YPAR and RP align with Critical Theory and Quantitative Criticalism, which are theoretical and methodological frameworks consistent with the transformative paradigm. The integration of these various theoretical, methodological and applied frameworks provides researchers opportunities to flatten hierarchies and actively engage marginalized youth to address the structural and programmati...
Drone-based photogrammetry for the construction of high-resolution models of individual trees

UAV-based photogrammetry can provide detailed, accurate, and consistent structural models of open-grown trees across different species and growth forms. Environmental and ambient light conditions impact the results. Our empirical knowledge of the complicated and highly dynamic three-dimensional structure of trees is limited. Drone-based photogrammetry offers a powerful and effective tool for capturing, analyzing, and monitoring adult trees, particularly individuals growing outside of the closed canopy forest (subsequently termed “open-grown”) in both natural and built environments. Here, we test the accuracy and consistency of high-resolution models of individual open-grown trees of three structurally distinct species. To validate model accuracy, we compared model estimates with direct measurements of branch diameter and internode length. We also examined the consistency of models of the same individual given different ambient light conditions by comparing corresponding measurements from two models of each tree. We use readily available equipment and software, so our protocol can be rapidly adopted by professional and citizen scientists alike. We found that the models captured diameter and interior internode length well (r2 = 0.87 and 0.98, respectively). Difference between measurements from different models of the same tree was less than 3 cm for diameters and interior internode lengths of most size classes. Thin distal branches were not captured well: measurements of terminal internodes in most size classes were underestimated by 50–60 cm. Models from overcast days were more accurate than models from sunny days (p = 0.0056), and a high-contrast background helps capture thin branches. Our approach constructs accurate and consistent three-dimensional models of individual open-grown trees that can provide the foundation for a wide range of physiological, behavioral, and growth studies.
Pig Brains Have Homologous Resting-State Networks with Human Brains.

Abstract Many neurological and psychiatric diseases in humans are caused by disruptions to large-scale functional properties of the brain, including functional connectivity. There has been growing ...
Automated Construction of Variable Scale Series of Charts by use of Orthophoto Maps

The author expresses the opinion that automated procedures require closer connections among the different fields of surveying and mapping. Tools and instruments for digitizing and automated drawing...
Diagnosis and management of a patient with newly diagnosed hemophilia B

Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder that results from the congenital deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX) and occurs in approximately 1 in 20,000–25,000 male births. The bleeding diathesis in HB is indistinguishable from that of hemophilia A, and measurement of plasma FIX levels is crucial for diagnosis. Replacement of the missing FIX by FIX concentrates is the cornerstone of current therapy. Several novel agents and gene therapy for the treatment of HB are currently in clinical trials.
SALTy Citizens: Which State and Local Taxes Contribute to State-to-State Migration?

State and local governments depend heavily on revenue generated from state and local taxes (SALTs). Migration between states occurs for many non-tax reasons, but prior research suggests tax-related...
Patent Reform Is Back Before Congress

Patent reform has emerged from a seven-month Congressional hiatus with the simultaneous introduction of companion bills in the United States Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. The identical bills, H.R. 1260 in the House and S. 515 in the Senate, would overhaul portions of the U.S. Patent Act.
Human liver cell transplantation

Abstract Isolated cryopreserved human liver cells, attached to collagen-coated microcarriers, were injected intraperitoneally into mutant rat recipients genetically deficient in either bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity (Gunn rats) or albumin synthesis (Nagase analbuminemic rats). One group of the recipient Gunn and analbuminemic rats were made genetically immunodeficient by interbreeding with athymic rats with inherited T-cell deficiency. Injected microcarriers and cells formed aggregates on the surface of the pancreas. There was no morphologic evidence of rejection in athymic recipients, whereas immunocompetent recipients demonstrated rejection within 5 days of transplantation. Athymic-Gunn rat recipients demonstrated excretion of bilirubin glucuronides in bile for 30 days and reduction in their serum bilirubin levels. In recipient athymic-analbuminemic rats, plasma albumin levels increased from pretransplantation levels of 0.025–0.05 mg/ml to 3.9–4.8 mg/ml 8 days posttransplantation and remained nearly at that level throughout the 30 days of the study. A method of harvesting, attaching to microcarriers, cryopreserving, and in vivo testing of human hepatocytes with prolonged survival and function in athymic-Gunn and athymic-analbuminemic hybrid rats is reported. These rats are excellent animal models for testing xenograft function.
On the Acceleration of the Vector Fitting for Multiport Large-Scale Macromodeling

Vector fitting (VF) is a robust macromodeling method to construct rational models of a network based on tabulated frequency responses. When fitting a network with a large number of ports, the matrix equation in VF quickly grows into a formidable size. The conventional strategy is to break the equation into several small QR factorizations and then combine the results into a least-squares (LS) problem. In this letter, an alternative solution procedure is proposed, the complexity of which is 2.7 times smaller than the conventional approach in terms of floating-point operations (FLOPs). Test cases of 40–200-port data show that the actual computing time can be reduced by as much as 85%, which presents a considerable saving for large-scale problems.
Size and Investment Performance: Defined Benefit vs. Defined Contribution Pension Plans

Using a comprehensive sample of over 160 thousand U.S. private pension plans, we find significant economies of scale in investment performance and administrative expenses that are more prominent for defined benefit (DB) than for defined contribution (DC) plans. Small DB plans underperform size-matched DC plans and face the highest termination probability, and the majority of both types underperform passive benchmarks. Small plans and small sponsors prefer the DC structure more strongly than large ones do. Our results highlight the inefficiency of small DB plans, which is consistent with the secular shift toward DC plans and the recent trend of consolidation.
Asymptotic Normality of the Posterior Distributions in a Class of Hidden Markov Models

We show that the posterior distribution of parameters in a hidden Markov model with parametric emission distributions and discrete and known state space is asymptotically normal. The main novelty of our proof is that it is based on a testing condition and the sequence of test functions is obtained using an optimal transportation inequality.
Establishing competency-based measures for Department of Veterans Affairs post-graduate nurse practitioner residencies

Abstract Background In the past decade, numerous nurse residency models have been created and implemented nationwide; however, validated specialty-specific competency standards have not been established to evaluate Nurse Practitioner (NP) resident core competencies. Purpose To report the specialty-specific competency assessment tool devised to assess Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) NP residents' competencies and discuss the VA NP residency program's effectiveness in expanding new graduate NP knowledge and skills in the veteran-centric care setting. Methods The VA Nursing Academic Partnership NP residency faculty established and piloted a web-based Nurse Practitioner Resident Competency Assessment (NPRCA) instrument for the comprehensive, specialty-specific assessment of individual NP resident's skill competencies across 24 areas. Results The VA specialty-specific competency assessment instrument demonstrates strong internal consistency. The robust VA NP residency program enhances new graduate NP competencies. Conclusions The VA NP residency model can further the goal of standardizing clinical competencies in NP residency programs.
Tailoring the Multipolar Content at Tight Focus Using Cylindrical Vector Beams with Orbital Angular Momentum

We demonstrate that the polarization and phase degrees of freedom of paraxial laser beams can be used to tailor their multipolar content under tight-focusing conditions. This has applications in controlling the scattering conditions from particles.
Point-of-care microchip electrophoresis for integrated anemia and hemoglobin variant testing.

Anemia affects over 25% of the world's population with the heaviest burden borne by women and children. Genetic hemoglobin (Hb) variants, such as sickle cell disease, are among the major causes of anemia. Anemia and Hb variant are pathologically interrelated and have an overlapping geographical distribution. We present the first point-of-care (POC) platform to perform both anemia detection and Hb variant identification, using a single paper-based electrophoresis test. Feasibility of this new integrated diagnostic approach is demonstrated via testing individuals with anemia and/or sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin level determination is performed by an artificial neural network (ANN) based machine learning algorithm, which achieves a mean absolute error of 0.55 g dL−1 and a bias of −0.10 g dL−1 against the gold standard (95% limits of agreement: 1.5 g dL−1) from Bland–Altman analysis on the test set. Resultant anemia detection is achieved with 100% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. With the same tests, subjects with sickle cell disease were identified with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Overall, the presented platform enabled, for the first time, integrated anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification using a single point-of-care test.
Estimating Potential Outcome Distributions with Collaborating Causal Networks

Many causal inference approaches have focused on identifying an individual's outcome change due to a potential treatment, or the individual treatment effect (ITE), from observational studies. Rather than only estimating the ITE, we propose Collaborating Causal Networks (CCN) to estimate the full potential outcome distributions. This modification facilitates estimating the utility of each treatment and allows for individual variation in utility functions (e.g., variability in risk tolerance). We show that CCN learns distributions that asymptotically capture the correct potential outcome distributions under standard causal inference assumptions. Furthermore, we develop a new adjustment approach that is empirically effective in alleviating sample imbalance between treatment groups in observational studies. We evaluate CCN by extensive empirical experiments and demonstrate improved distribution estimates compared to existing Bayesian and Generative Adversarial Network-based methods. Additionally, CCN empirically improves decisions over a variety of utility functions.
Private Twilight: Wither Private Universities in Kenya

It is a trying time for private universities in Kenya. Declining market share and attendant financial woes are ominous signs for the once vibrant sector. The article identifies the blurring of institutional distinctiveness, government policy promoting public growth and public sector resurgence through the privatization as factors precipitating the private decline.
Masked bilateral superior oblique muscle paresis: A simple overcorrection phenomenon?

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine a mechanism by which the masked bilateral superior oblique muscle paresis phenomenon may be explained. Design A retrospective study of the authors’ patients with the preoperative diagnosis of a unilateral superior oblique muscle paresis was performed. Patients in whom an apparent contralateral superior oblique muscle paresis developed after surgery (masked bilateral superior oblique muscle paresis) were compared with those patients in whom this condition did not develop. Participants One hundred eight patients participated. Results Of the 108 patients studied, 30 (27.7%) patients had signs of an apparent superior oblique muscle paresis develop in the contralateral eye after surgery. In comparing those patients in whom an apparent contralateral superior oblique muscle paresis did develop after surgery with those patients in whom this finding did not develop, no significant differences were found in the age at surgery; etiology (traumatic vs. nontraumatic); average hyperdeviations in primary gaze, ipsilateral and contralateral gazes, and ipsilateral and contralateral head tilts; average V pattern; inferior and superior oblique muscle function; extorsion on double Maddox rod testing; and objective fundus extorsion. Conclusion Analysis of the authors’ data showed that a surgical overcorrection of a unilateral superior oblique muscle paresis can masquerade as an apparent contralateral superior oblique muscle paresis. This is caused by a persistence of the head tilt and side gaze misalignment pattern from the original superior oblique muscle paresis.
Thermal resistance of salmonellae and staphylococci in foods.

The heat-resistant Salmonella senftenberg 775W and two strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested at temperatures up to 68.3 C (71.1 C for S. senftenberg) in four different media. From the survival data, decimal reduction times (D values) were calculated for each set of conditions, and decimal reduction time curves were constructed for each bacterial strain in each medium. Slopes of decimal reduction time curves (ZD) ranged from 4.52 to 6.38 C with a single exception. There was no statistical heterogeneity among the remaining values. Results were in close agreement with published results of similar studies conducted at somewhat lower temperatures and support the practice of using a slope value (ZD) of 5.56 C for establishing time-temperature relationships for food processing. It is recommended that such a decimal reduction time curve not be extrapolated to temperatures more than 5.56 C higher than those actually tested.
Design and realization of a discretely loaded resistive vee dipole for ground‐penetrating radars

[1] A discretely loaded resistive vee dipole (RVD) is designed and realized for use in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) applications. The RVD is a good antenna for GPR applications because it can radiate a temporally short pulse into a small spot on the ground, and its low radar cross section mostly eliminates the multiple reflections between the surface of the ground and the antenna. The antenna presented in this paper is printed on a circuit board and is discretely loaded with off-the-shelf surface-mount chip resistors. The resulting structure is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and is mechanically stable. The realized antenna is measured in terms of the radiated field and the reflected voltage in the feeding transmission line. The results are compared with those of the antenna with the same resistive loading without substrate. The effects of the transmission line impedance on the performance of the antenna are also presented.
Temporal changes in left ventricular mechanics: impact of bed rest and exercise (884.23)

BACKGROUND Current techniques used to assess cardiac function following spaceflight or head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR) involve invasive and time consuming procedures such as Swan-Ganz catheterization or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. An alternative approach, echocardiography, can monitor cardiac morphology and function via sequential measurements of left ventricular (LV) mass and ejection fraction (EF). However, LV mass and EF are insensitive measures of early (subclinical) cardiac deconditioning, and a decrease in LV mass and EF become evident only once significant deconditioning has already occurred. The use of more sensitive and specific echocardiographic techniques such as speckle tracking imaging may address the current limitations of conventional cardiac imaging techniques to provide insight into the magnitude and time course of cardiac deconditioning. METHODS Speckle tracking assessment of longitudinal, radial, and circumferential strain and twist was used to evaluate the impact of 70 days of HDTBR (n=7) and HDTBR + exercise (n=11) on temporal changes in LV mechanics. Echocardiograms were performed pre (BR-2), during (BR31, 70), and following (BR+4hr) HDTBR. Multi-level modeling was used to evaluate the effect of HDTBR condition (Control, Exercise) on cardiac variables. RESULTS Compared to BR-2, longitudinal (BR-2: - 19.0 +/- 1.8%; BR31: -15.9 +/- 2.4%; BR70: -14.9 +/- 2.4%; BR+4hr: -16.0 +/- 2.1%) and radial (BR-2: 15.0 +/- 1.9%; BR31: 12.3 +/- 2.4%; BR70: 11.3 +/- 2.2%; BR+4hr: 13.5 +/- 2.5% ) strains were significantly impaired during and following bed rest (p<0.05), while twist (BR-2: 18.0 +/- 4.0deg; BR31: 18.1 +/- 3.8deg; BR70: 17.0 +/- 3.6deg; BR+4hr:18.1 +/- 4.3deg) was significantly decreased at BR70 (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise preserved LV mechanics for longitudinal strain (BR-2: -19.1 +/- 1.5%; BR 31: -19.0 +/- 2.4%; BR70: -19.1 +/- 2.7%; BR+4hr: -17.8 +/- 2.1%), radial strain (BR-2: 13.8 +/- 2.4; BR31: 14.7 +/- 2.4; BR70: 14.4 +/- 1.6; BR+4hr: 14.4 +/- 2.4), and twist (BR-2: 17.8 +/- 3.6deg; BR31: 18.0 +/- 3.6deg; BR70: 18.2 +/- 5.9deg; BR+4hr: 18.3 +/- 4.2deg). CONCLUSIONS Speckle-tracking echocardiography provides important new insight into temporal changes in LV mechanics during disuse and exercise training.
Differential effects of hyperoxia on the inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the lung.

Hyperoxia is commonly used in the treatment of newborn respiratory distress. Although essential and life saving, oxygen therapy can result in the development of lung injury. Oxygen toxicity is associated with the production of reactive oxidant species. Nitric oxide (NO) is an oxidant formed by the catalysis of L-arginine when acted upon by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We studied the differential effects of prolonged normobaric hyperoxia (FIO2 = .95, for 3, 4, and 5 days) on the two major NOS enzymes, constitutive endothelial cell NOS (ecNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Hyperoxia led to a significant lung injury, as measured by pulmonary compliance studies. Hyperoxia did not increase serum NO production, measured as the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. However, hyperoxia did result in a small but significant increase in NO production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as measured by the products of nitrite and nitrate concentration. This increase in NO was not associated with an induction of whole lung iNOS, as measured by the conversion of L-[3H]arginine to L-[3H]citrulline or by Northern blot analysis. Hyperoxia significantly decreased ecNOS activity as measured by the conversion of L-[3H]arginine to L-[3H]citrulline. In addition, administration of the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester worsened the injury, as measured by lung compliance and survival. Further studies need to be performed to determine whether this decrease in ecNOS activity during hyperoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-related lung injury.
Effects of spectral resolution on the identification of specific chemical compounds within complex spectral signatures

This paper presents preliminary results on the effects of spectral resolution and atmospheric transmission on the recovery of species concentrations using Partial Least Squares procedures. The effects of different levels of random spectral noise on the recovery of concentrations are also explored. Calculations were limited to absorbance spectra, however, future effort is to be directed to more realistic passive sensing cases where radiative-transfer effects are taken into account.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Five-Point Checklist To Help Performance Reports Incentivize Improvement And Effectively Guide Patients

Public reports of provider performance on measures of the quality, costs, and outcomes of health care can spur improvement and help patients find the best providers. However, the likelihood that these benefits will materialize depends on the methods underlying each performance report. This paper presents a five-point methodological checklist to guide those who want to improve their performance reporting methods. The central goal is to help report makers minimize the frequency and severity of provider performance misclassification and avoid adverse unintended consequences of reporting. We believe that if those who produce the reports publicly explain how they address each checklist item, this increased transparency will encourage more rigorous methods and improve the chances that reports will lead to better, more efficient care.
Studies in magnetochemical engineering: Part VI. An experimental study of screen-packed and conventional fluidized beds in axial and transverse magnetic fields☆

Abstract This paper describes the results from an experimental study of fluidization characteristics and magnetic stabilization of screen-packed and conventional (i.e., unpacked) beds of solids subjected to external magnetic fields applied axially or transversely relative to the fluidizing gas flow. The beds consist of either entirely ferromagnetic iron particles or admixtures of iron and paramagnetic manganese(II) oxide, MnO. Key variables investigated include superficial gas velocity, presence of screen packing, particle type and shape, magnetic field intensity and orientation, and fraction of ferromagnetic particles in the fluidizing admixture. This study of screen-packed magnetofluidized beds (SPMFBs) has fundamental importance to the development of fluidized-bed high-gradient magnetic separation (FBHGMS) and of magnetic valve for solids (MVS) and magnetic distributor-downcomer (MDD). This study also extends the concept of magnetically stabilized beds (MSBs) to admixtures of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic particles by examining the role of internal screen packing in both axial and transverse magnetic fields. The results show that screen packing significantly alters the fluidization behavior of magnetofluidized beds of iron and MnO particles. In addition, by adding a small fraction of iron, magnetic stabilization (i.e., bubble elimination) of conventional beds of MnO is achievable with an axial or a transverse field. Magnetized screens tend to serve as distributor plates in SPMFBs of iron and MnO in moderate field intensities (20–100 Oe), creating a staged bed appearance. The tendency to exhibit bed staging increase with increasing field intensity and with increasing volume fraction of iron in MnO. Gas velocities at the transition to bubbling and at the onset of staging (i.e., transition and staging velocities) increases with increasing field intensity. As the magnetic field orientation changes from transverse to axial, transition and staging velocities decrease and staged behavior is less likely. These results have two practical implications. First, in magnetofluidized-bed operations impaired by bed staging, such as dry coal desulfurization by FBHGMS, the magnetic field should be applied axially. Second, in operations aided by bed staging, such as MVS/MDD, the magnetic field should be applied transversely. To date, reported work in MVS/MDD technology employs only axial fields. This work presents quantitative data comparing the fluidization behavior and magnetic stabilization in axial and transverse fields. For beds of ferromagnetic particles and of ferromagnetic-paramagnetic admixtures, the results show a wider range of gas velocities for magnetic stabilization in an axial field compared to a transverse field. Such results validate the claim that MSB operations should utilize an axial, rather than a transverse, field to maximize the bubble-free gas throughput.
On Partitioned Scheduling of Fixed-Priority Mixed-Criticality Task Sets

Mixed-criticality real-time systems, where tasks may be associated with different criticality and assurance levels, have attracted much attention in the recent past. In this paper, we consider partitioning-based multiprocessor scheduling of mixed-criticality real-time task sets. Guaranteeing feasibility in this setting is shown to be NP-Hard. With a focus on fixed-priority preemptive scheduling on each processor, we identify the two main aspects of the problem, namely the task allocation and priority assignment dimensions. For the task allocation dimension, we propose and compare bin-packing-inspired heuristics, based on offline task ordering according to utilization and criticality. For the priority assignment dimension, we compare the well-known Rate Monotonic priority assignment policy with Audsley's priority assignment algorithm. Through simulations, we also assess and discuss the relative importance of these two primary dimensions on the overall mixed-criticality feasibility problem for multiprocessor platforms.
Superdeformation and hyperdeformation in the 108 Cd nucleus

The superdeformation and hyperdeformation in $^{108}$Cd have been studied for the first time within the framework of the fully self-consistent cranked mean field theory, namely, cranked relativistic mean field theory. The structure of observed superdeformed bands 1 and 2 have been analyzed in detail. The bumps seen in their dynamic moments of inertia are explained as arising from unpaired band crossings. This is contrary to an explanation given earlier within the framework of projected shell model. It was also concluded that this nucleus is not doubly magic SD nucleus.
Sepsis and Development Impede Muscle Protein Synthesis in Neonatal Pigs by Different Ribosomal Mechanisms

In muscle, sepsis reduces protein synthesis (MPS) by restraining translation in neonates and adults. Even though protein accretion decreases with development as neonatal MPS rapidly declines by maturation, the changes imposed by development on the sepsis-associated decrease in MPS have not been described. Pigs at 7 and 26 d of age were infused for 8 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin, 0 and 10 μg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹). Fractional MPS rates and translation eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) activation in muscle were examined (n = 5-7/group). The LPS-induced decrease in MPS was associated with reduced ribosomal and translational efficiency, whereas the age-induced decrease in MPS occurred by decreasing ribosome number. Abundances of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 decreased, and that of the repressor eIF4E · 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) association increased in 26-d-old pigs--compared with 7-d-old pigs. LPS decreased the abundance of the active eIF4E ·eIF4G association and the phosphorylation of eIF4G across ages, whereas the abundance of eIF4G declined and eIF2α phosphorylation increased with age. Therefore, when lacking anabolic stimulation, the decrease in MPS induced by LPS is associated with reduced ribosomal efficiency and decreased eIF4E ·eIF4G assembly, whereas that induced by development involves reduced ribosomal number, translation factor abundance, and increased eIF2α phosphorylation.
Controlled Trial of a Brief Cognitive–Behavioural Intervention in Adolescent Patients with Depressive Disorders

Fifty-three child and adolescent psychiatric patients with depressive disorders were randomly allocated to brief cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) or to a control treatment, relaxation training. Forty-eight patients completed the treatment phase of the trial, which comprised 5-8 treatment sessions. Post-treatment assessments showed a clear advantage of CBT over relaxation on measures of both depression and overall outcome. However, there were no significant differences between the treatments on comorbid anxiety and conduct symptoms. At follow-up, the differences between the groups were reduced, partly because of a high relapse rate in the DTP group and partly because subjects in the relaxation group continued to recover.
Activated Barrier Crossing: Comparison of Experiment and Theory

Photochemical isomerization in stilbene and diphenyl butadiene has been studied as a model for activated barrier crossing. Experiments have been carried out from isolated molecule conditions up to 3000 atm pressure in solution-phase samples. The qualitative features predicted by Kramers theory are observed. The system undergoes a transition from energy-controlled to diffusion-controlled behavior in the high-pressure gas phase. The influences of multidimensionality, intramolecular vibrational relaxation, and frequency dependent friction are discussed.
Affinity of human erythrocyte transglutaminase for a 42-kDa gelatin-binding fragment of human plasma fibronectin.

Abstract Complex formation between the human erythrocyte transglutaminase (protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13) and fibronectin or its fragments was examined by immunoanalytical procedures and by fluorescence polarization. A 42-kDa gelatin-binding structure, obtained from human plasma fibronectin by thermolytic digestion, showed as high an affinity for the cytosolic enzyme as the parent fibronectin chains themselves. A 21-kDa fragment comprising type I modules 8 and 9, the last two modules in the 42-kDa fragment, bound with an affinity 100-fold less than the 42-kDa fragment. Binding was remarkably specific and could be exploited for the affinity purification of transglutaminase directly from the hemoglobin-depleted erythrocyte lysate. In spite of the high affinity, it was possible to elute active enzyme from the 42-kDa fragment column with 0.25% monochloroacetic acid. This solvent might have general applicability in other systems involving separation of tightly bound ligands.
The Struggle for Religious Liberty1

A sketch of the struggle for religious liberty during the course of the last four hundred years will be attempted in this paper. Attention will first be focussed on the theories and factors affecting persecution and tolerance on the part of both Catholics and Protestants. Then the administrative aspects of the subject will be considered alike from the broader standpoint of the structure of the church and of the state and from the more specific angle of the handling of dissent by political authority. Finally brief consideration will be devoted to residual and perennial problems of constraint and freedom.
Malignancies of the rectum and recto-sigmoid

Abstract 1. 1. Consideration has been given to the physiology and anatomy of the large bowel and the distinction drawn between the right and left-sided colon. 2. 2. The clinical portraiture of malignancy of either half of the colon is given. 3. 3. Emphasis has been given to the ease of diagnosis of carcinoma of the rectum and recto-sigmoid by utilization of the palpatory finger, plus sigmoidoscopic examination. 4. 4. The surgical axiom that rectal bleeding must be accurately allocated to its anatomical source is reiterated, with emphasis placed upon its diagnostic importance.
Hydrogen and carbon isotopes of petroleum and related organic matter

D/H and ^(13)C/^(12)C ratios were measured for 114 petroleum samples and for several samples of related organic matter. δD of crude oil ranges from −85 to −181‰, except for one distillate (−250‰) from the Kenai gas field; δ13C of crude oil ranges from −23.3 to −32.5‰, Variation in δD and δ^(13)C values of compound-grouped fractions of a crude oil is small, 3 and 1.1%., respectively, and the difference in δD and δ^(13)C between oil and coeval wax is slight. Gas fractions are 53–70 and 22.6–23.2‰ depleted in D and ^(13)C, respectively, relative to the coexisting oil fractions. The δD and δ^(13)C values of the crude oils appear to be largely determined by the isotopic compositions of their organic precursors. The contribution of terrestrial organic debris to the organic precursors of most marine crude oils may be significant.
Dilation of substituted polycarbonates caused by high‐pressure carbon dioxide sorption

Mass sorption/desorption and volume dilation/consolidation measurements are reported for tetramethyl and hexafluoro polycarbonate samples in the presence of carbon dioxide pressures up to 900 psia at 35°C. These results are combined with previous results for bisphenol-A-polycarbonate. The combined sorption and volume dilation measurements are used to analyze the thermodynamics of the three gas-polymer systems, and the partial specific volumes of carbon dioxide and the polymer are reported as functions of sorption level. Desorption and subsequent resorption measurements with the substituted polycarbonates show large and long-lived hysteretic effects similar to those seen with standard bisphenol-A-polycarbonate. Finally, assumptions inherent in the dual-mode model are shown to provide a satisfactory description of the volume dilation behavior for the substituted polymers.
Detection of maternal alcohol use problems in the pediatric emergency department

Background: Maternal alcohol use problems may impact the health and well-being of children, but often remain unrecognized. Mothers of young children seldom seek outpatient care for themselves; thus, pediatric settings may present an opportunity for the detection of maternal alcohol use problems. This study examines the feasibility of screening for and prevalence of alcohol use problems in mothers of young children in the context of seeking pediatric emergency care. We also examined the relationship of maternal alcohol use problems with use of pediatric emergency care. Methods: A total of 361 English-speaking mothers of children aged 7 and younger completed screening measures during their child’s emergency care visit. TWEAK was used to screen for alcohol use problems. The screening survey also included information on children’s health status and health care use, demographics, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results: Of the women approached, 90% agreed to complete the screening measure. On the basis of cutoff score of 2 or more, 7% of women had elevated TWEAK scores. Those women with a TWEAK score 42 reported greater use of the pediatric emergency department (PED) than women scoring below the cutoff. On the basis of multivariate analyses, significant predictors of recent PED use included the presence of child chronic illness, younger maternal age, and TWEAK score. Conclusions: Screening for alcohol use problems among mothers of young children using the TWEAK appears to be feasible in a busy PED setting. The PED setting is promising for identifying risk drinking among women who may be less likely to be otherwise detected and for whom alcohol use may be impacting child outcomes.
Salvage of the severely burned leg with anterolateral thigh flaps.

Deep burn injuries to the feet with massive soft tissue defects pose challenging therapeutic problems for the plastic surgeon. There is a tendency to involve the bone or tendon resulting in exposure and deficit of these structures owing either to desiccation or to infection with resultant necrosis. Amputation is often the outcome especially in circumferential soft tissue defect of limbs or severe injuries to the weight-bearing surface of foot. It is perhaps the best choice of treatment for older patients with underlying disease such as renal insufficiency and heart disease avoiding complications from long-term bed rest or immunocompromise. However, for young patients salvage of the limbs seems to be a reasonable option after the popularization of microsurgery. A young patient with severe burn injury to his left lower leg and entire foot was presented. We successfully salvaged his leg with two large free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps.
Payments for ecosystem services: From local to global

Abstract Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is becoming increasingly popular as a way to manage ecosystems using economic incentives. The environmental economics approach to PES tries to force ecosystem services into the market model, with an emphasis on efficiency. The ecological economics approach, in contrast, seeks to adapt economic institutions to the physical characteristics of ecosystem services prioritizing ecological sustainability and just distribution and requiring a transdisciplinary approach. This paper summarizes the results of a participatory “atelier” workshop held in Costa Rica. We developed a set of principles (the Heredia Declaration) for PES systems and report on evolving initiatives in several countries. We discuss how the distinction between ecosystem goods (which are stock-flow resources) and ecosystem services (which are fund-service resources) and the physical characteristics of the fund-services affect the appropriate institutional form for PES. We conclude that PES systems represent an important way to effectively manage fund-service resources as public goods, and that this represents a significant departure from conventional market institutions.
Clinical and Immunological Diversity of Limbic Encephalitis: A Model for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders

The most important contribution to the understanding and management of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) is the discovery that many of these diseases are immune mediated. It is believed that cytotoxic T-cell responses and antibodies that target neuronal proteins usually expressed by the underlying tumor cause the neurologic symptoms. The detection of these antibodies has provided diagnostic tests that allow recognition of the disorder as paraneoplastic and direct the search of the tumor to selected organs. This article summarizes the authors' findings of limbic encephalitis and postulates that a similar approach can be used for syndromes involving other areas of the nervous system.
Sometimes Jewish, sometimes not: The closeting of Jewish American identity

We explored the negotiation of Jewish American identity from a Communication Theory of Identity perspective. Interviews with 26 Jewish Americans revealed that participants contend with their group‐based identity on personal and relational levels when faced with decisions about whether to reveal or conceal their Jewish identity. Participants discussed Jewish identity management in their own lives and in the lives of other people they know. Analyses resulting in the themes of closeting, centrality of identity, and potential consequences reflect participants’ personal and relational levels of identity. These themes are played out in the how, when, why, and if of participants’ identity management. Rules were derived to explain these processes and the implications of the themes are discussed in light of the Communication Theory of Identity and Communication Boundary Management.
Ameloblastoma, solid/multicystic type.

The ameloblastoma, particularly the solid/multicystic type, is the most clinically significant odontogentic tumor. The tumor is often locally aggressive and has a significant impact and may have a patient’s morbidity and mortality. In this report, we present a case of a large ameloblastoma that presented with the typical radiographic features of variably sized radiolucent loculations. Microscopically the tumor showed a variety of histologic types, with plexiform and follicular predominating. The tumor was treated with a partial resection of the mandible.
Partial miscibility behavior of the ternary mixture carbon dioxide + 1-methylnaphthalene + acetone

Abstract The liquid–liquid–vapor (llg) partial miscibility behavior of the mixture carbon dioxide+1-methylnaphthalene+acetone was experimentally studied by the use of a visual cell (stoichiometric) technique. Phase compositions and molar volumes of the two liquid phases in equilibrium are reported as functions of temperature and pressure within the llg region. The addition of the co-solvent acetone extends the three-phase llg region in pressure–temperature space from the binary carbon dioxide+n-1-methylnaphthalene llg locus downward in pressure, towards the vapor pressure curve of the co-solvent acetone. The three-phase region is bounded from above by an upper critical end point (UCEP) (l-l=g) locus. The presence of the co-solvent acetone significantly enhances the amount of the solute 1-methylnaphthalene taken up by the second (carbon-dioxide-rich) liquid phase.
The relation between infants' self/mother knowledge and three attachment categories

The relation between attachment and knowledge of self and mother was assessed in 1-to 2-year-old infants. Infant behavior in the Strange Situation was classified according to three attachment categories: secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant. Infants' featural knowledge was measured by featural recognition, name, possession, and gender. Infants who were securely or resistantly attached had significantly more complex knowledge of mother than self, whereas avoidantly attached infants did not differ in the complexity of knowledge of self and mother. Securely attached infants had more complex self-knowledge than both categories of insecurely attached infants. In contrast, avoidantly attached infants had less complex knowledge of mother than did securely or resistantly attached infants. These data are discussed in the context of how infants' strategies of coping with stress are related to the acquisition of self- and mother-knowledge. La relation entre l'attachement et la connaissance de soi et de la mere a ete evaluee chez des bebes de un a deux ans. Le comportement infantile dans la Situation Anormale a ete classifie selon trois categories d'attachement: sǔr et positif, anxieux-esquivant, anxieux-resistant. La connaissance des traits des nourrissons fut mesuree par la reconnaissance des traits, du nom, de la possession et du genre. Les noumssons qui etaient positivement attaches ou attaches avec resistance faisaient preuve d'une connaissance beaucoup plus complexe de la mere que de soi, alors que les nourrissons a I'attachement esquivant ne differaient pas dans la complexite de la connaissance de soi et de la mere. Les bebes attaches de maniere positive faisaient preuve d'une connaissance de soi plus complexe que les bebes a 1' attachement non positif. Par contraste, les a I'attachement evitant faisaient preuve d'une connaissance complexe de la mere moindre que les nourrissons attaches positivement ou avec resistance. Ces donnees sont discutees dans le contexte de la maniere dont ies strategies d'adaptation au stress des bebes sont liees a l'acquisition de la connaissance de soi et de la mere.
Ruth Pick, MD

I have three treasures. Guard and keep them: The first is deep love, The second is frugality, And the third is not to dare to be ahead of the world. Because of deep love, one is courageous. Because of frugality, one is generous. Because of not daring to be ahead of the world, one becomes the leader of the world. — –Lao-tzu,The Way of Lao-tzu Dr.Ruth Pick was born in Karlsbad, Czechoslovakia, on November 13, 1913, and died on July 19, 2003, in Chicago, Illinois. These years bound a life of scholarship, accomplishment, courage, commitment, and humility. With the passing of Dr Ruth Pick at the age of 89, we have lost someone who was not only a silent but powerful contributor to cardiovascular medicine but also a woman of heroic proportions to all who knew and loved her. Ruth Pick was known by many as the wife …
Quantum stabilization of the 1/3-magnetization plateau in Cs2CuBr4.

We consider the phase diagram of a spatially anisotropic 2D triangular antiferromagnet in a magnetic field. Classically, the ground state is umbrellalike for all fields, but we show that the quantum phase diagram is much richer and contains a 1/3-magnetization plateau, two commensurate planar states, two incommensurate chiral umbrella phases, and, possibly, a spin density wave state separating the two chiral phases. Our analysis sheds light on several recent experimental findings for Cs_2CuBr_4.
Plant Cell Calcium-Rich Environment Enhances Thermostability of Recombinantly Produced α-Amylase From the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga maritime

In the industrial processing of starch for sugar syrup and ethanol production, a liquefaction step is involved where starch is initially solubilized at high temperature and partially hydrolyzed with a thermostable and thermoactive alpha-amylase. Most amylases require calcium as a cofactor for their activity and stability, therefore calcium, along with the thermostable enzyme, are typically added to the starch mixture during enzymatic liquefaction, thereby increasing process costs. An attractive alternative would be to produce the enzyme directly in the tissue to be treated. In a proof of concept study, tobacco cell cultures were used as model system to test in planta production of a hyperthermophilic alpha-amylase from Thermotoga maritima. While comparable biochemical properties to recombinant production in Escherichia coli were observed, thermostability of the plant-produced alpha-amylase benefited significantly from high intrinsic calcium levels in the tobacco cells. The plant-made enzyme retained 85% of its initial activity after 3 h incubation at 100 degrees C, whereas the E. coli-produced enzyme was completely inactivated after 30 min under the same conditions. The addition of Ca(2+) or plant cell extracts from tobacco and sweetpotato to the E. coli-produced enzyme resulted in a similar stabilization, demonstrating the importance of a calcium-rich environment for thermostability, as well as the advantage of producing this enzyme directly in plant cells where calcium is readily available.
Imperfect competition in the primary agricultural commodity market in Serbia

Development of the primary agricultural production sector in the Republic of Serbia is predominantly restricted by a disorganized and inefficient market of purchase of primary agricultural products. The government should be held responsible for this, because its existing legislation and law-implementing instruments and institutions are failing to secure a healthy market economy. In the future the country will have to demonstrate systematic activity towards regulating and developing the agricultural commodity market, and provide an input for agricultural production. This only represents the first step, yet nevertheless it is the essential prerequisite for developing a competitive agricultural sector in Serbia.