cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial outcomes with image-guided partial breast irradiation delivered with intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Patients were treated at a single institution to a dose of 30 Gy in five fractions delivered every other day using image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) partial breast irradiation. A total of 34 patients were treated with a median follow-up of 4.6 months. The rate of acute Grade 1 dermatitis was 23.5% (n = 8), and Grade 1 fatigue was 17.6% (n = 6), with no Grade 2 or higher acute toxicities. The rate of chronic Grade 1 dermatitis was 25.0% (n = 6), Grade 1 fat necrosis 4.2% (n=1), with no patients demonstrating other chronic toxicities. Image-guided APBI delivered with IMRT is associated with low rates of acute and chronic toxicity though additional follow-up is warranted.
Discrepancy Between Activities of Daily Living Self-Report and Performance-Based Functional Cognitive Assessments

Date Presented 04/04/19 This study was conducted to determine if self-report on an IADL scale would coincide with performance-based functional cognitive tests that simulate a familiar IADL task. Findings support the conclusion that self-report on IADL may be useful but should always be followed by observation during a performance-based functional cognitive task. Primary Author and Speaker: Timothy Marks Additional Authors and Speakers: Muhammad Al-Heizan, Dorothy Farrar Edwards
Numerical simulations on static and dynamic response of full-scale mast structures for H-Darrieus wind turbine:

Mast structure is one of the most important parts of a vertical-axis wind turbine which supports generator and rotor and represents one-third of the overall costs in the production of a standard wi...
Investigation of Sandwich Panel Under High Temperature Loading Using Finite Element Analysis

Structural and nonstructural members are always encountered with extreme loading conditions. In case of nonstructural members, the failure happens much sooner due to lack of load capacity. The nonstructural elements are not designed for structural loading conditions. However, they might be impacted to other loading types such as fire. In recent years, the use of 3D panel is one of the most common partitions in the world. In this research, the effect of fire on 3D panel partitions is presented. To achieve this goal, ABAQUS finite element software is employed to simulate the 3D panel. The 3D panel is embedded inside steel frame. In order to have an accurate result, two validations are performed including steel frame and the steel frame with 3D panel. In the study, 5 different fire loadings 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000°C are applied into the model. Results include load-displacement diagram and stiffness and ductility factors. The results indicated that as fire load increases, the stiffness and ductility factor are reduced.
ROBOT-ASSISTED RADIO FREQUENCY ABLATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LIVER TUMOURS: EARLY EXPERIENCE AT BIR, CHENNAI.

This study aimed to evaluate the technical success, radiationdose, safety and performance level of liverradiofrequency ablation using a computed tomography (CT)-guidedrobotic navigationsystem . All the procedures were done using MAXIO (Perfint healthcare Pvt Ltd.) machine using 16 slice CT scanners, under local anesthesia or IV sedation (general anesthesia) and aseptic precautions, under the supervision of trained radiologists. After marking the point of entry and target tumor, path of the needle is confirmed on the planning software and the system calculates, coordinates angle & depth and positions the robotic arm. Radiofrequency ablation was successfully completed in 15 patients with 32 lesions and confirmed on multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT. MAXIO helps in precise placement of needle in complex angulated approaches. This method is more patient friendly and ensures maximum safety. Automated planning scores over manual planning in terms of technical difficulty, number of needle passes, time consumed, number of check scans and hence the patient’s radiation dosage. This clinical trial depicts that therobotic-assisted planning and needle placement appears to be safe,with highaccuracy and a comparable radiation dose topatients. Thus making it acceptable for the routine clinical practice.
Lean NAFLD: an underrecognized and challenging disorder in medicine

Classically, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been thought to be driven by excessive weight gain and obesity. The overall greater awareness of this disorder has led to its recognition in patients with normal body mass index (BMI). Ongoing research has helped to better understand potential causes of Lean NAFLD, the risks for more advanced disease, and potential therapies. Here we review the recent literature on prevalence, risk factors, severity of disease, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Universal COVID-19 testing and a three-space triage protocol is associated with a nine-fold decrease in possible nosocomial infections in an inpatient psychiatric facility.

In May of 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMSA) issued guidelines for state psychiatric hospitals, recommending that these facilities adopt universal testing for COVID-19 and "three-space" triage protocols for dedicated COVID-19 positive, negative, and quarantine spaces to mitigate the risk of nosocomial infection. The Westchester Behavioral Health Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital (WBHC-NYP) adopted a comprehensive infection control protocol consistent with these recommendations in April, 2020. We reviewed the records of 1,139 patients treated on the inpatient service at WBHC-NYP between March 14th and June 10th, 2020, dates corresponding to the first COVID-19 surge in the New York City metropolitan region. The incidence of detected nosocomial or possible nosocomial infections before and during the implementation of the protocol was 0.096 (16/167), or 0.96 infections per 10 at-risk patients. The incidence of nosocomial or possible nosocomial infections after complete implementation was 0.0110 (2/182), or 1.1 infections per 100 at-risk patients. The difference in incidence between the two time points was statistically significant (p<.0003) and represents a 9-fold decrease. Our findings support the institutional use of a combined testing and space allocation protocol to mitigate risk of outbreaks in confined settings.
ROSAT HRI and ASCA Observations of the Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946 and Its Northeast Complex of Luminous SNRs

Analysis of 80 ksec ASCA and 60 ksec ROSAT HRI observations of the face-on spiral galaxy NGC 6946 are presented. The ASCA image is the first observation of this galaxy above ∼2 keV. Diffuse emission may be present in the inner ∼4 ′ extending to energies above ∼2–3 keV. In the HRI data, fourteen point-like sources are detected, the brightest two being a source very close to the nucleus and a source to the northeast that corresponds to a luminous complex of interacting supernova remnants (SNRs). We detect a point source that lies ∼30 ′′ west of the SNR complex but with a luminosity ∼1/15 of the SNR complex. None of the point sources shows evidence of strong variability; weak variability would escape our detection. The ASCA spectrum of the SNR complex shows evidence for an emission line at ∼0.9 keV which could be either Ne IX at ∼0.915 keV or a blend of ion stages of Fe L-shell emission if the continuum is fit with a power law. However, a two component, Raymond-Smith thermal spectrum with no lines gives an equally valid continuum fit and may be more physically plausible given the observed spectrum below 3 keV. Adopting this latter model, we derive a density for the SNR complex of 10–35 cm −3 , consistent with estimates inferred from optical emission line ratios. The complex’s extraordinary X-ray luminosity may be related more to the high density of the surrounding medium than to a small but intense interaction region where two of the complex’s SNRs are apparently colliding.
Activity-based Rehabilitation After Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Due To Pott's Disease: A Case Study

Research Objectives To explore the effectiveness of activity based rehabilitation (ABR), partial body weight supported treadmill training, and a comprehensive home exercise program (HEP) for return of motor function, mobility, and gait in a person with incomplete SCI due to Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis), To assess effectiveness of ABR, treadmill training, plus performance of HEP for functional return with limited in person visits (due to pandemic and insurance restrictions), To investigate the effectiveness of ABR, partial body weight supported treadmill training, and HEP in returning to community ambulation following incomplete SCI due to Pott's disease. Design Case study, followed for 6 months. Setting Hospital based outpatient clinic. Patient A 52 year old female with incomplete T9-10 SCI due to spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease) Interventions Patient was seen 1-2x/week x 6 months. She participated in ABR in the clinic 1-2x/week and via HEP daily, partial body weight supported treadmill training in the clinic 1x/week, overground gait and balance training in the clinic 1-2x/week, and stretching and strengthening via HEP daily. Main Outcome Measures Walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI), 10 Meter walk, 5x sit to stand, 6 minute walk. Results Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated on all outcome measures. The patient's WISCI improved from Level 8 to level 16. Her gait speed improved from 0.2m/s to 0.58m/s with front wheeled walker (and to 0.38m/s with bilateral loftstrand crutches) per 10 Meter walk test, demonstrating a progression from a home ambulator to a limited community ambulator. Her 6 minute walk test improved from 14% to 26% of age predicted normative values. Her mobility also improved as demonstrated by a 24 second improvement in 5x sit to stand test. Overall, patient demonstrated motor return, improved mobility, and improved gait speed and distance with less restrictive assistive device after a combination of ABR, partial body weight supported treadmill training, and following a comprehensive HEP. Conclusions ABR and partial body weight supported treadmill training can be utilized as effective interventions for a patient with incomplete SCI due to Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis). This patient had limited in person visits due to insurance restrictions, and was also given a comprehensive HEP to supplement skilled PT sessions. She demonstrated gradual improvements throughout her bout of care, supporting the use of this model with other patients with SCI due to Pott's disease. Further research is needed to determine most appropriate dosing of each intervention. Author(s) Disclosures None.
Analysis of Multi-robot Play Effectiveness and of Distributed Incidental Play Recognition

Distributed play-based approaches have been proposed as an effective means of switching strategies during the course of timed, zero-sum games, such as robot soccer. However, play-based approaches have not yet been rigorously evaluated in a full robot soccer scenario. In this paper, we perform an extensive empirical analysis of play effectiveness with teams of robots. We show that different plays have a significant effect on opponent performance in real robot soccer games. In our analysis we further realized the problem of distributed play recognition: classifying the strategy being played by the opponent team. Play recognition in real robot soccer is a particularly challenging problem because our observations are only “incidental” - that is, the primary task of our team is to play soccer, not to explicitly observe members of the other team. Despite these challenges, we achieve high classification accuracy in the robot soccer domain. To achieve high accuracy, our team maintains a history of joint observations including team positions, opponent positions, and ball positions and utilizes hidden Markov models to recognize opponent plays.
Neurospora crassa Cytoplasmic Ribosomes: Isolation and Characterization of a Cold-Sensitive Mutant Defective in Ribosome Biosynthesis

Twenty-seven cold-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa were isolated by mutagenesis of wild-type conidia followed by filtration enrichment in complete medium at the nonpermissive temperature (10 C). Zone sedimentation analyses of cytoplasmic ribosomes isolated from the wild-type strain and from 14 of the mutant strains grown at 10 C indicate that one cold-sensitive mutant is defective in ribosome biosynthesis at that temperature: instead of the 2.3:1 mass ratio of 60S:37S ribosomal subunits characteristic of wild type, the mutant strain PJ30201 (called crib-1 for cytoplasmic ribosome biosynthesis) exhibits a mass ratio of approximately 7.2:1. Ribosomal subunits synthesized by strain PJ30201 at 25 C are present in wild-type proportions. The cold-sensitive and ribosomal phenotypes segregate together in tetrads isolated from crosses between strain PJ30201 and the wild type indicating that a single nuclear gene mutation is probably responsible for both mutant phenotypes. The crib-1 locus lies near the centromere in linkage group IV.
Rapidly labeled HeLa cell nuclear RNA: I. Identification by zone sedimentation of a heterogeneous fraction separate from ribosomal precursor RNA

The rapidly labeled RNA from HeLa cells has been further studied. The previously described 45 s ribosomal precursor RNA can be separated in zone sedimentation experiments from a heterogeneous 20 to 80 s rapidly labeled species. As much as 50% of the [3H]uridine incorporated into RNA in four to five minutes is found in this heterogeneous fraction. The majority of the rapidly labeled RNA which decays when cells are treated with actinomycin comes from this RNA class.
Epilogue: Bush v. Gore and the Constitutional Right to Vote

This essay provides a look at the legal landscape regarding the right to vote that has emerged in the wake of the 2012 elections. Courts have begun using Bush v. Gore to craft an intermediate form of equal protection scrutiny to address barriers to voting or the manipulation of voting requirements when the state’s justifications for these constraints are thin or unconvincing. The essay also focuses on the emergence of Early Voting as a central feature of current democratic participation and the ways in which courts have begun to understand Early Voting as a legal category. The essay serves as an epilogue to a social science volume on voting reform edited by Michael Alvarez and Bernard Grofman, Election Administration in the United States: The State of Reform after Bush v. Gore. The essay ends with a tentative assessment of the emerging new equal protection jurisprudence.
Replication Does Survive Information Warfare Attacks

Recent literature on information warfare has suggested that general replication is not useful in dealing with storage jamming attacks. We show that special cases of replication are useful not only in detecting but also in recovering from storage jamming attacks.
Binary Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Display Nonadditive Mixture Interactions in an In Vitro Liver Cell Model

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been labeled contaminants of concern due to their carcinogenic potential, insufficient toxicological data, environmental ubiquity, and inconsistencies in the composition of environmental mixtures. The Environmental Protection Agency is reevaluating current methods for assessing the toxicity of PAHs, including the assumption of toxic additivity in mixtures. This study was aimed at testing mixture interactions through in vitro cell culture experimentation, and modeling the toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Clone-9 rat liver cells were used to analyze cellular proliferation, viability, and genotoxicity of 15 PAHs in single doses and binary mixtures. Tests revealed that many mixtures have nonadditive toxicity, but display varying mixture effects depending on the mixture composition. Many mixtures displayed antagonism, similar to other published studies. QSARs were then developed using the genetic function approximation algorithm to predict toxic activity both in single PAH congeners and in binary mixtures. Effective concentrations inhibiting 50% of the cell populations were modeled, with R(2) = 0.90, 0.99, and 0.84, respectively. The QSAR mixture algorithms were then adjusted to account for the observed mixture interactions as well as the mixture composition (ratios) to assess the feasibility of QSARs for mixtures. Based on these results, toxic addition is improbable and therefore environmental PAH mixtures are likely to see nonadditive responses when complex interactions occur between components. Furthermore, QSAR may be a useful tool to help bridge these data gaps surrounding the assessment of human health risks that are associated with PAH exposures.
Lysis of Yeast Cell Walls: Glucanases from Bacillus circulans WL-12

Endo-beta-(1 --> 3)- and endo-beta-(1 --> 6)-glucanases are produced in high concentration in the culture fluid of Bacillus circulans WL-12 when grown in a mineral medium with bakers' yeast cell walls as the sole carbon source. Much lower enzyme levels were found when laminarin, pustulan, or mannitol was the substrate. The two enzyme activities were well separated during Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The endo-beta-(1 --> 3)-glucanase was further purified by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and hydroxyapatite chromatography, whereas the endo-beta-(1 --> 6)-glucanase could be purified further by diethylamino-ethyl-cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography. The endo-beta-(1 --> 3)-glucanase was specific for the beta-(1 --> 3)-glucosidic bond, but it did not hydrolyze laminaribiose; laminaritriose was split very slowly. beta-(1 --> 4)-Bonds in oat glucan in which the glucosyl moiety is substituted in the 3-position were also cleaved. The kinetics of laminarin hydrolysis (optimum pH 5.0) were complex but appeared to follow Michaelis-Menten theory, especially at the lower substrate concentrations. Glucono-delta-lactone was a noncompetitive inhibitor and Hg(2+) inhibited strongly. The enzyme has no metal ion requirements or essential sulfhydryl groups. The purified beta-(1 --> 6)-glucanase has an optimum pH of 5.5, and its properties were studied in less detail. In contrast to the crude culture fluid, the two purified beta-glucanases have only a very limited hydrolytic action on cell wall of either bakers' yeast or of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Although our previous work had assumed that the two glucanases studied here are responsible for cell wall lysis, it now appears that the culture fluid contains in addition a specific lytic enzyme which is eliminated during the extensive purification process.
RELIABILITY OF T2-WEIGHTED SAGITTAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF COMPRESSIVE DISk HERNIATION IN DOGS

Magnetic resonance imaging is used commonly to diagnose intervertebral disk herniation in dogs. It is common to locate areas of suspected compression on sagittal T2-weighted (T2-W) images and then obtain limited transverse images in these areas to reduce the acquisition time (a step-by-step approach). Our objective was to assess the frequency of correct localization of spinal cord compression due to disk herniation using only the sagittal images. The results from isolated readings of the sagittal T2-W images alone or combined with a single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) slab in 118 dogs were compared with a gold standard, based on a consensual reading of all images available, including complete transverse images across the entire spinal segments under study. The sites of compression were localized correctly from the sagittal images in 89.8% of dogs. If only the most significant lesions were accounted for, the percentage increased up to 95.2%. In 54.9% of the readings with incorrect localization, the actual compressive site was immediately adjacent to the one suspected from review of the sagittal images. The frequency of correct localization was higher in the cervical region, and was increased by examination of the SSFSE slab. The most common cause of disagreement was the presence of multiple degenerate bulging disks. Based on these results we recommend obtaining transverse images across the entire segment when multiple bulging disks are present. It is also recommended to obtain transverse images across the spaces immediately adjacent to the suspected site of herniation from review of the sagittal images.
Graphic Novels in Academic Libraries: From Maus to Manga and Beyond

This article addresses graphic novels and their growing popularity in academic libraries. Graphic novels are increasingly used as instructional resources, and they play an important role in supporting the recreational reading mission of academic libraries. The article will also tackle issues related to the cataloging and classification of graphic novels and discuss ways to use them for marketing and promotion of library services.
Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 inhibits platelet-derived growth factor signaling in breast cancer cells.

Introduction The gene encoding Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a putative tumor suppressor gene that harbors frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and intragenic mutations in breast carcinoma. The exact biologic activity of NHERF1 in mammary glands, however, remains unclear. It was recently proposed that NHERF1 forms a ternary complex with platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), linking NHERF1 suppressor activity to PDGF-initiated phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/PTEN signaling.
Diode grids for electronic beam steering and frequency multiplication

Loading a grid with diodes offers the possibility of two-dimensional control of millimeter waves that is analogous to holography and nonlinear optics. These grids are attractive because they are suitable for monolithic integration with gallium-arsenide Schottky diodes and for high-power operation. Here we present grid designs for electronic beam-steering and harmonic generation. The beam-steering grid is a programmable reflector, where the diode bias controls the phase shift of the reflection. The variation of the phase across the grating sets the direction of the reflected beam. The reflection loss in computer simulations is 3dB at 90GHz. The harmonic-generating grid acts as a nonlinear reactive surface, where the nonlinear capacitance of the diodes produces the harmonic frequencies. Quasioptical filters select the desired harmonic. Computer simulations predict that a 65GHz-to-130GHz doubler would have an output power of 0.56W/cm2 and a conversion efficiency of 35%.
Hydro-power peaking and pondage by computer

THE hydroelectric development of the lower and middle Columbia River is unique: its exclusive development by low-head run-of-river projects is not encountered elsewhere on a river of this magnitude. From tailwater at Bonneville dam to the Chief Joseph forebay at 946-feet elevation, virtually all of the head is being developed by a series of overlapping hydro projects. A similar development is being planned for the lower Snake River up to its confluence with the Salmon River (Fig. 1). Projects existing or under construction are indicated by the solid symbols; those planned for future development by the dashed symbols.
Reaction of tert-Butylcyanoketene with 2′-Cyclohexylspiro [Fluorene-9,3′-Oxaziridine]

Abstract Although the reactions of ketenes and three-membered heterocycles containing one hetero atom are well known,1,2 only one investigation of similar recations with three-membered rings containing two hetero atoms has been reported.3 The reaction of 2-ethyl-3-phenyloxaziridine with diphenylketene was found to afford among other minor products an oxazolidinone derivative (1) and benzaldehyde in yields of 38% and 50% respectively.
Neopentylallyllithium III. Effects of ether solvents on PMR and UV spectra

Abstract Neopentylallyllithium (NpALi), the 1,4-addition product of t-butyllithium and 1,3-butadiene, has been studied by PMR and UV methods in several ether solvents. The spectral results indicate that NpALi is more completely delocalized than in hydrocarbon solvents. Cis-trans isomerization occurs slowly in THF on the PMR time scale up to 30°, but is rapid on the laboratory time scale. In diethyl ether, isomerization is considerably slower. No difference in the UV absorption maximum in THF, DME, and triglyme is observed, indicating either that the same form of ion pairs are present in these solvents, or that the absorption maxima for various forms are not significantly different. An anomalously high λmax value in ether is also reported.
Altered composition of bone as triggered by irradiation facilitates the rapid erosion of the matrix by both cellular and physicochemical processes.

Radiation rapidly undermines trabecular architecture, a destructive process which proceeds despite a devastated cell population. In addition to the ‘biologically orchestrated’ resorption of the matrix by osteoclasts, physicochemical processes enabled by a damaged matrix may contribute to the rapid erosion of bone quality. 8w male C57BL/6 mice exposed to 5 Gy of Cs137 γ-irradiation were compared to age-matched control at 2d, 10d, or 8w following exposure. By 10d, irradiation had led to significant loss of trabecular bone volume fraction. Assessed by reflection-based Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI), chemical composition of the irradiated matrix indicated that mineralization had diminished at 2d by −4.3±4.8%, and at 10d by −5.8±3.2%. These data suggest that irradiation facilitates the dissolution of the matrix through a change in the material itself, a conclusion supported by a 13.7±4.5% increase in the elastic modulus as measured by nanoindentation. The decline in viable cells within the marrow of irradiated mice at 2d implies that the immediate collapse of bone quality and inherent increased risk of fracture is not solely a result of an overly-active biologic process, but one fostered by alterations in the material matrix that predisposes the material to erosion.
Correlation between base-excision repair gene polymorphisms and levels of in-vitro BPDE-induced DNA adducts in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes.

In vitro benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced DNA adducts in cultured peripheral lymphocytes have been shown to be a phenotypic biomarker of individual's DNA repair phenotype that is associated with cancer risk. In this study, we explored associations between genotypes of base-excision repair genes (PARP1 Val762Ala, APEX1 Asp148Glu, and XRCC1 Arg399Gln) and in vitro BPDE-induced DNA adducts in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in 706 cancer-free non-Hispanic white subjects. We found that levels of BPDE-induced DNA adducts were significantly higher in ever smokers than in never smokers and that individuals with the Glu variant genotypes (i.e., Asp/Glu and Glu/Glu) exhibited lower levels of BPDE-induced DNA adducts than did individuals with the common Asp/Asp homozygous genotype (median RAL levels: 32.0 for Asp/Asp, 27.0 for Asp/Glu, and 17.0 for Glu/Glu, respectively; P(trend) = 0.030). Further stratified analysis showed that compared with individuals with the common APEX1-148 homozygous Asp/Asp genotype, individuals with the APEX1-148Asp/Glu genotype or the Glu/Glu genotype had a lower risk of having higher-level adducts (adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.98 and adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26-0.86, respectively; P(trend) = 0.012) among smokers. Such an effect was not observed in non-smokers. However, there was no significant interaction between the APEX1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and smoking exposure in this study population (P = 0.512). Additional genotype-phenotype analysis found that the APEX1-148Glu allele had significantly increased expression of APEX1 mRNA in 270 Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, which is likely associated with more active repair activity. Our findings suggest that the functional APEX1-148Glu allele is associated with reduced risk of having high levels of BPDE-induced DNA adducts mediated with high levels of mRNA expression.
Possibility of quantum jumps.

A quantum-statistical theory is developed for a single-atom, three-state quantum system where a strong (1-3) and a weak (2-3) transition are driven resonantly by an incoherent field. From a second-order correlation function of the fluorescence intensity, it is concluded that a quantum jump can occur, in the sense that the single atom can undergo large fluctuations between a state of full emission in the strong transition to a state of no emission when the electron is shelved in the metastable state (2).
First position wobble in codon-anticodon pairing: amber suppression by a yeast glutamine tRNA

A 2.4-kb fragment of DNA isolated from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome was found to suppress amber mutations when its carrier plasmid was present in high copy number. A 1.2-kb subclone of this fragment was sufficient to confer suppressor activity. Sequencing has established that this fragment carries a normal glutamine tRNA gene. Deletion of this tRNA gene from the subclone resulted in the loss of suppressor activity. The tRNAGln has the anticodon CUG that normally recognizes the glutamine codon CAG. We propose that suppression occurs via an inefficient readthrough of the UAG amber stop codons during translation. Such readthrough requires wobble in the first position of the codon.
The green function technique and the Pauli principle in intermediate states

Abstract Arguments are presented to demonstrate that in calculating higher-order transition amplitudes by the Green function technique, terms due to occupied intermediate levels need not be subtracted. The inclusion of spurious contributions exactly compensates for ignoring core excitations.
CoNNECT: Data Analytics for Energy Efficient Communities

Energy efficiency is the lowest cost option being promoted for achieving a sustainable energy policy. Thus, there have been some innovations to reduce residential and commercial energy usage. There have also been calls to the utility companies to give customers access to timely, useful, and actionable information about their energy use, in order to unleash additional innovations in homes and businesses. Hence, some web-based tools have been developed for the public to access and compare energy usage data. In order to advance on these efforts, we propose a data analytics framework called Citizen Engagement for Energy Efficient Communities (CoNNECT).On the one hand, CoNNECT will help households to understand (i) the patterns in their energy consumption over time and how those patterns correlate with weather data, (ii) how their monthly consumption compares to other households living in houses of similar size and age within the same geographic areas, and (iii) what other customers are doing to reduce their energy consumption. We hope that the availability of such data and analysis to the public will facilitate energy efficiency efforts in residential buildings. These capabilities formed the public portal of the CoNNECT framework. On the other hand, CoNNECT will help the utility companies to better understand their customers by making available to the utilities additional datasets that they naturally do not have access to, which could help them develop focused services for their customers. These additional capabilities are parts of the utility portal of the CoNNECT framework.In this paper, we describe the CoNNECT framework, the sources of the data used in its development, the functionalities of both the public and utility portals, and the application of empirical mode decomposition for decomposing usage signals into mode functions with the hope that such mode functions could help in clustering customers into unique groups and in developing guidelines for energy conservation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Reaktionen von Diazoketonen, III1) Synthese und Reaktionsweisen von 3-substituierten 2-Methoxycarbonyl-phenyldiazomethylketonen

Hydrolyse 3-substituierter Diazomethylketone (3a, b) mit Schwefelsaure ergibt keine 1.4-Dioxo-isochromane, sondern nur 3-substituierte ω-Hydroxy-2-carboxy-acetophenone (4a, b). Die Verhinderung der Cyclisierung wird auf sterische Einflusse der Substituenten am C-3 zuruckgefuhrt. Chlorketon 5 und Diacylathen 6 sind aus 3a zuganglich. Reactions of Diazo Ketones, III1). Syntheses and Modes of Reaction of 3-Substituted 2-Methoxy-carbonyl Phenyl Diazomethyl Ketones Hydrolysis of 3-substituted diazomethyl ketones (3a, 3b) with sulfuric acid affords, not 1.4-dioxoisochromans, but only the 3-substituted ω-hydroxy-2-carboxyacetophenones (4a, 4b). The hindrance to cyclization is attributed to steric effects of the substituents on C-3. The chloro ketone 5 and the diacylethene 6 can be prepared from 3a.
GROWTH AND POLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY THE GREEN ALGA CHLAMYDOMONAS MEXICANA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) ON SOIL1

The polysaccharide producing soil alga Chlamydomonas mexicana Lewin was grown on soil surfaces in a growth chamber, with cell number and total polysaccharide measured weekly. Cell growth was pronounced, reaching an excess of 107 cells · cm−2 within one week. Polysaccharide production was also pronounced, with similar amounts of polysaccharide synthesized whether or not the cells were continuously given nutrients. Polysaccharide synthesis increased once the cells slowed in their growth, as in previous work with the cells in liquid medium.
Stabilization and Preservation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Saccharide Matrices

Lyophilization and vacuum- or spray-drying are some of the most useful techniques for preserving foods, agricultural products, and pharmaceuticals. Biological materials, however, can be irreversibly damaged during these treatments. Therefore, it is essential to design protective agents to preserve protein activity and cell viability. In this paper we examine the use of alpha, alpha-trehalose-borate systems as protectants for Lactobacillus acidophilus during freeze- and vacuum-drying. Trehalose was found to be an effective protectant for freeze-dried and vacuum-dried samples, and it is equivalent to a protective formulation which is in current industrial use. It is known from our previous work on enzymes that the presence of borate can dramatically enhance the protective ability of trehalose. In this work, the addition of trehalose-borate to bacterial concentrate greatly improves the recovery of viable cells after storage. This improvement was seen in freeze-dried samples stored at 37 degrees C as well as for vacuum-dried samples held at room temperature. A tailored buffering strategy was tested to counteract the high pH resulting from the addition of borate to the mixture. Use of citric or lactic acids in combination with ammonium hydroxide gave a protectant solution with high pH (resulting in effective crosslinking between trehalose and borate) but a dry product with reduced pH upon rehydration (conducive to cell survival). These results raise exciting possibilities for protection of more labile prokaryotic species as well as simple eukaryotes.
Phorate Residues in Tomato Fruit and Foliage

Phorate and oxidative metabolite residues in tomato fruit and foliage were determined by the cholinesterase inhibition procedure. In 10% granular form, up to 5 pounds active photate was applied in bands in soil furrows on either side of the row at transplanting and later dates. Fruit samples contained less than 0.10 p.p.m. phorate residues regardless of whether sampled in the immature green, mature green or pink ripe stage of development. Subsequent ill vitro oxidation of fruit resulted ill slightly greater cholinesterase ill only the immature green tomato fruit. Cholinesterase inhibiting residues in the tomato foliage range from less than 0.10 p.p.m. to 4.0 p.p.m. depending on prior treatments and sampling dates. Residues in the tomato foliage following a number of treatments appeared to approach a maximum at two periods of plant development. These peak residue periods in the foliage were usually correlated with preceding periods of relatively high field temperatures and ample rainfall. Control of serpentine leaf miners (Liriomyza brassicae (Riley)) was effective for at least 2 months after transplanting following application of 3 or 5 pounds of active phorate per acre to the soil.
Infectious particles in a marine ciliate

INFECTIOUS, self-reproducing particles of unknown origin have been demonstrated in various tissues and cells1,2, notably fresh water protozoa3, but not in marine protozoa. Advances in the development of culture media for marine ciliates4 and the need for simple model systems for biochemical study of intracytoplasmic particles have led us to survey marine protozoa. Of 104 isolates made from twenty-one seawater samples taken from tidal pools and brackish backwaters along the South Florida coast, twenty-six were cultivated axenically as described before4. Of these, four contained in their cytoplasm infectious, self-reproducing particles, which we have termed ‘xenosomes’ (xenos, alien; soma, body).
FASE: A Framework for Scalable Performance Prediction of HPC Systems and Applications

As systems of computers become more compleX in terms of their architecture, interconnect and heterogeneity, the optimum configuration and utilization of these machines becomes a major challenge. To reduce the penalties caused by poorly configured systems, simulation is often used to predict the performance of key applications to be eXecuted on the new systems. Simulation provides the capability to observe component and system characteristics (e.g. performance and power) in order to make vital design decisions. However, simulating high-fidelity models can be very time consuming and even prohibitive when evaluating large-scale systems. The Fast and Accurate Simulation Environment (FASE) framework seeks to support large-scale system simulation by using high-fidelity models to capture the behavior of only the performance-critical components while employing abstraction techniques to capture the effects of those components with little impact on the system. In order to achieve this balance of accuracy and simulation speed, FASE provides a methodology and associated toolset to evaluate numerous architectural options. This approach allows users to make system design decisions based on quantifiable demands of their key applications rather than using manual analysis which can be error prone and impractical for large systems. The framework accomplishes this evaluation through a novel approach of combining discrete-event simulation with an application characterization scheme in order to remove unnecessary details while focusing on components critical to the performance of the application. In this paper, we present the methodology and techniques behind FASE and include several case studies validating systems constructed using various applications and interconnects.
A process map for consistent build conditions in the solid freeform fabrication of thin-walled structures

In solid freeform fabrication (SFF) processes involving thermal deposition, thermal control of the process is critical for obtaining consistent build conditions and in limiting residual stress-induced warping of parts. In this research, a nondimensionalized plot (termed a process map) is developed from numerical models of laser-based material deposition of thin-walled structures. This process map quantifies the effects of changes in wall height, laser power, deposition speed and part preheating on melt pool length, which is an essential process parameter to control in order to obtain consistent build conditions. The principal application of this work is to the Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) process under development at Sandia Laboratories; however, the general approach and a subset of the presented results are applicable to any SFF process involving a moving heat source. Procedures are detailed for using the process map to predict melt pool length and predictions are compared against experimentally measured melt pool lengths for stainless steel deposition in the LENS process.
Plastic Deformation of Semicrystalline Polyethylene by Molecular Simulation

Plastic deformation of semicrystalline polyethylene has been investigated via atomistic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. Two deformation modes are considered, both consisting of tensile deformation in the longitudinal direction of the lamellar stack, with either constant lateral dimensions or constant total volume. Stress−strain curves, elastic moduli, yield stresses, and strains are determined at 350 K, with deformation strain rates (in molecular dynamics) ranging from 5 × 106 to 5 × 107 s−1. Fundamentally different yield mechanisms are observed as a function of model constraints, deformation mode, and deformation strain rate. Using Monte Carlo simulations in which the interlamellar noncrystalline material is constrained between two rigid crystalline lamellae, yield stresses in the noncrystalline domain are found to be comparable to those reported previously for amorphous glasses. After yield, in the absence of topological rearrangements of the noncrystalline material, the interphase mater...
Lofted charged dust distribution above the Moon surface

Abstract We developed kinetic theory for the charging processes of small dust grains near the lunar surface due to interaction with the anisotropic solar wind plasma. Once charged, these dust grains, which are exposed to the electric field in the sheath region near the lunar surface, could loft and distribute around such heights off the surface where they reach equilibrium with the local gravitational force. Analytical solutions were derived for the charging time, grain floating potential, and grain charge, characterizing the charging processes of small dust grains in a two-component and in a multi-component solar wind plasma, and further highlighting the unique features presented by the high streaming plasma velocity. We have also formulated a novel kinetic theory of sheath formation around an absorbing planar surface immersed in the anisotropic solar wind plasma in the case of a negligible photoelectric effect and presented solutions for the sheath structure. In this study we combined the results from these analyses and provided estimates for the size distribution function of dust that is expected to be lofted in regions dominated by the solar wind plasma, such as near the terminator and in nearby shadowed craters. Corresponding to the two dominant streaming velocity peaks of 300 and 800 km/s, mean dust diameters of 500 and 350 nm, respectively, are expected to be found at equilibrium at heights of relevance to exploration operations, e.g., around 1.5 m height off the lunar surface. In shadowed craters near the terminator region, where isotropic plasma should be dominating, we estimate mean lofted dust diameter of 800 nm around the same 1.5 m height off the lunar surface. The generally applicable solutions could be used to readily calculate the expected lofted size distribution near the lunar surface as a function of plasma parameters, dust grain composition, and other parameters of interest.
Work, marriage, and health behaviors of African American working couples

Using a sample of 379 African American working husbands and wives, this study examined a unique link between work and marital experiences on health-promoting behaviors. Results of the dyadic model show that husbands' and wives' control over work are directly associated with husbands' and wives' health-promoting behaviors, respectively, after taking into account the dependencies between husbands and wives. The results of the dyadic model also show that husbands' and wives' control over work are indirectly associated with husbands' and wives' health behaviors through their perceived marital integrations. By understanding how work control and marital integration combine to influence both husbands' and wives' health behaviors, programs that promote healthy behaviors can be better designed and more effectively implemented.
Protein leakage from mengovirus-infected cells.

SummaryInfection of cells with mengovirus resulted in the leakage of protein which may be taken as a reliable and quantitative measure of cellular injury. Experiments with actinomycin D and streptovitacin A suggested that virus-specific proteins are the cause of protein leakage, and tended to rule out the suppressive action of the viral genome as a primary factor. The appearance of extra-cellular virus and the earliest manifestation of CPE preceded protein leakage by approximately 1 hour.
Early sedimentation and deformation in the Kumano forearc basin linked with Nankai accretionary prism evolution, southwest Japan

Early forearc basin sedimentation and subsidence appear to be linked with convergent margin evolution, yet they do not follow predictable spatiotemporal patterns. In the Kumano basin of southwest Japan, 3-D seismic mapping of major unconformities, combined with biostratigraphic age constraints from two Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) drill sites illustrates the development of several tectonostratigraphic packages during early evolution and initial creation of accommodation space in the forearc basin. Between ∼3.8 Ma and ∼2.06 Ma, a series of slope basins developed between thrust-anticlines oriented along a plate convergence-perpendicular axis. A thin and sheet-like interval, likely slope-cover, unconformably overlies the slope basin sediments. Deposition of this interval at IODP Site C0009 lasted from ∼2.06 Ma until between ∼1.24 Ma and ∼1.34 Ma and was partly coeval with the early upper Kumano basin sedimentary packages. Landward, postdating the slope-cover sediments, a third sedimentary package was deposited before ∼0.9 Ma. This section correlates with an interval rich in terrigenous material (e.g., woody debris), indicating a possible distinct source or sediment routing system. Our work supports the idea that early forearc basin sediments may be deposited in an actively deforming outer wedge environment and that the outer-to-inner wedge transition of the lower forearc basin is likely a multistage process. The unsteady spatiotemporal nature of inner-outer wedge coupling may lead to erratic stratigraphic patterns, such as have been observed in forearc basins worldwide.