cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steady-state regulation of whole-body thyroid hormone pool sizes and interconversion rates in hypothyroid and moderately T3-stimulated rats.

Steady-state regulation of whole-body T3 and T4 distribution and metabolism were directly evaluated and compared in hypothyroid, euthyroid, and in euthyroid rats moderately T3-stimulated by continuous infusion of 0.15 microg/day L-T3 per 100 g BW, thereby supplementing euthyroid T3 sources by two thirds. Our goal was to develop deeper insights into the hierarchy, quantitative adequacy, and sensitivity of this regulatory system, in response to these hormone production challenges in constant steady state. We used a novel whole-body steady-state experiment design model and data analysis approach, which entails nonexclusive whole-body homogenate extracts and blood collected after 7-day infusions of tracer T3 (T3*) or T4*, quantitatively analyzed chromatographically for T3*, T4* and metabolite* concentrations. Hormone regulation implications across the 3 groups were assessed by comparing (per 100g BW) total body T4 to T3 and T3 from T4 conversion rates (CR(4-3) and CR(3-4)), total body pool sizes (Qtot) and di...
Differential cytotoxicity of buthionine sulfoximine to “normal” and transformed human lung fibroblast cells

Glutathione (GSH) depletion has been studied extensively as a possible means to sensitize tumor cells to radiation treatment and chemotherapy. The present study was undertaken to compare the cytotoxicity of GSH depletion in normal and transformed cells. The results showed that specific inhibition of GSH synthesis byl-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) caused significantly higher cytotoxicity in “normal” human-lung fibroblast cells than in their transformed counterparts. This finding suggests a possibility that depletion of GSH could be more harmful to normal cells than to transformed and/or tumor cells and that the selective cytotoxicity of BSO to normal cells could limit its potential as an effective sensitizer for cancer treatment.
Time-resolved fluorescence study of intramolecular excimer interaction in dinaphthylpropane

Abstract Time development in the nanosecond range of the intramolecular excimer fluorescence of 1,3-dinaphthylpropane is studied using a single-photon counting technique. The rate constants for the association and dissociation process are obtained at different viscosities. The radiative lifetime of the excimer is discussed in terms of the excimer geometry.
STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN UNCONVENTIONAL PLANE: FLYING WING

The need to investigate the static and dynamic stability for unconventional planes requires development of a code that automates the analysis for the airplane's stability performance. Flying wings are unconventional and challenging to analyze because they lack a tail to control the plane in the longitudinal and the lateral directions. With this motivation, an automated code was designed that was able to accurately predict the stability performance of flying wings. In general most of the stability derivatives that govern the dynamic behavior of an airplane are simplified so they would only include the terms that represent the greatest contribution to its final value. When the greatest contribution to any of the derivatives comes from the tail, and the airplane being analyzed lacks a tail, this represents a problem. This study tries to solve this problem by focusing on decoupling the longitudinal and lateral stability derivatives into its wing and vertical fin contributions.
A superconducting supercollider calorimeter photomultiplier tube preamplifier circuit

Abstract This study presents the design of the front end amplifier for a scintillator calorimeter with photomultiplier tube (PMT) readout. The design is based on analytical computations and SPICE simulations, and is checked against tests performed on a prototyped circuit. We were looking to achieve 1) a very low droop within the 4 ns after the integration of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) signal was completed, 2) a very low noise figure for the whole amplifier in a 100 MHz bandwidth, 3) an input impedance optimized for the PMT which is actually used, 4) baseline restoration as quick as possible at the output of the clip amps. 5) no loss of information due to the saturation at intermediary stages (e.g. integrator), and 6) an output driving 100 Ω twisted pair cables, or 50 Ω coaxial cables, in order to transmit the signal to switched capacitor arrays for analog storage.
The octahedron theorem in Minkowski three-space a metric vector space proof of Miquel's theorem in the Laguerre plane

As is well known [1, p.480], the cycles and spears of the real Laguerre plane can be represented by the points and null planes of three-dimensional Minkowski space. Miquel's theorem in the Laguerre plane can then be expressed as an intrinsically interesting Minkowski space theorem the octahedron theorem. We outline the correspondence between the two theorems, and then give a metric vector space proof of the octahedron theorem, thereby providing an alternate proof of Miquel's theorem. We then discuss the generalization of both theorems to more general spaces.
Effects of Changes in Steady State Plasma Vasopressin Levels on Renal and Urinary Vasopressin Clearances in the Dog

A study was made of the effects of changes in the plasma vasopressin concentration on the extraction ratio and the renal organ and urinary clearances of vasopressin. Plasma vasopressin levels were increased in a stepwise fashion in anesthetized dogs by the iv infusion of vasopressin at rates of 100, 400, and 800 μU/min-kg. A steady state was achieved by infusing vasopressin for 60 min at each dose. Before the infusion of vasopressin, the extraction ratio and the renal and urinary clearances of vasopressin (one kidney) were 0.30 ± 0.04, 1.8 Plusmn; 0.2, and 1.4 ± 0.1 ml/min kg, respectively. The urinary clearance of vasopressin did not differ significantly from the inulin clearance (1.5 ± 0.1 ml/min-kg). The infusion of vasopressin, which increased the plasma vasopressin concentration from an initial value of 4.3 ± 1.3 to 54.6 ± 2.4 μU/ml at the highest rate of infusion, was without effect on the vasopressin extraction ratio and the renal and urinary clearances of vasopressin. The MCR of vasopressin was es...
Transition-metal g factor trends

The author presents theoretical estimates of the average over the Fermi surface of the g factor for 24 elements in the 3d, 4d and 5d transition series. The calculations were performed using a simple model in which the results depend only on crystal structure, the ratio of the spin-orbit coupling parameter to the d band width and the number of occupied d levels per atom. The g factor trends obtained are a composite of the variation of these individual factors through the transition series.
Boundary layer receptivity to free-stream sound on parabolic bodies

We use a numerical approach to study the receptivity of the boundary layer flow over a slender body with a leading edge of finite radius of curvature to small streamwise velocity fluctuations of a given frequency. The body of interest is a parabola in order to exclude jumps in curvature, which are known sites of receptivity and which occur on elliptic leading edges matched to finite-thickness at plates. The infinitesimally thin flat plate is the limiting solution for the parabola as the nose radius of curvature goes to zero. The formulation of the problem allows the two-dimensional unsteady Navier–Stokes equations in stream function and vorticity form to be converted to two steady systems of equations describing the basic (nonlinear) flow and the perturbation (linear) flow. The results for the basic flow are in excellent agreement with those in the literature. As expected, the perturbation flow was found to be a combination of an unsteady Stokes flow and Orr–Sommerfeld modes. To separate these, the unsteady Stokes flow was solved separately and subtracted from the total perturbation flow. We found agreement with the streamwise wavelengths and locations of Branches I and II of the linear stability neutral growth curve for Tollmien–Schlichting waves. The results showed an increase in the leading-edge receptivity with decreasing nose radius, with the maximum occurring for an infinitely sharp flat plate. The receptivity coefficient was also found to increase with angle of attack. These results were in qualitative agreement with the asymptotic analysis of Hammerton & Kerschen (1992). Good quantitative agreement was also found with the recent numerical results of Fuciarelli (1997), and the experimental results of Saric, Wei & Rasmussen (1994).
Optimization of injection scheduling in fractured geothermal reservoirs

Abstract This article describes a method for optimizing injection rates in fractured geothermal reservoirs. The optimization approach suggested here is based on maximizing the net present value (NPV) of production revenue from the reservoir. The method relies on tracer and flow-rate data, which are used to calibrate a thermal transport model in such a way that the thermal drawdown depends on the injection rates. Then, an empirical correlation is used to relate the injection and production temperature to the specific electrical power output. The power output model, in conjunction with predictions for the future energy prices and interest rates, allows the computation of the NPV as a function of the injection rates. This characterization of the problem makes it possible to solve it quickly and efficiently. The optimization method was applied to two discrete-fracture reservoir simulation models. The first having a relatively simple structure with two injectors and two producers and the second being a more complex model with seven wells and a fracture structure based on observations from the Soultz-sous-Forets enhanced geothermal system (EGS) in France. The results show that the method works well for both the simple and more complex case. A finding of particular interest is that the optimal injection schedule depends strongly on the minimum design temperature for the power plant.
ras Gene Activation and Infrequent Mutation in Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Peritoneum

Abstract Objective. The ras genes are a well-studied family of proto-oncogenes whose involvement in many cancers has been delineated. However, K- ras mutations have not previously been examined in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP), a tumor which resembles serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (SEOC) both in histology and epidemiology. In this study we examine the role of the K- ras oncogene in PSCP compared to SEOC. Methods. Using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and cycle sequencing protocols, we evaluated our collection of 51 cases of PSCP for K- ras mutations and compared these findings with the experience in SEOC. We then examined 5 cases of PSCP for activation of ras proteins and MAP kinase to evaluate the potential involvement of the ras pathway in PSCP tumorigenesis. Results. We found only one K- ras mutation in our 51 cases (2%) of PSCP compared to three mutations in 46 cases (6.5%) of high-grade, late-stage SEOC. This was not significantly different ( P > 0.10). In the single PSCP case with a K- ras mutation, the mutation was found in only one of five tumor sites tested. All four mutations involved a single nucleotide alteration in codon 12 (GGT to GTT, Gly to Val). To evaluate the ras pathway in PSCP, we used the known activated ras binding domain on Raf-1 to perform an assay to test for activated ras. We identified ras activation in 4 of 5 PSCP cases tested and, to confirm that the activation was functional, we tested and found similar activation of MAP kinase, a downstream mediator for K- ras expression. Conclusions. K- ras mutations occur at low rates in both PSCP and high-grade, late-stage SEOC, and therefore K- ras mutations are not involved in the development of these two diseases. Finding the mutation in only one of multiple tumor sites in the PSCP case supports growing evidence for a multifocal origin of PSCP. Our findings of ras activation in four of five cases of PSCP suggest that ras activation by mechanisms other than genetic mutation is important for PSCP tumorigenesis.
Monocular visual deprivation at the critical period modulates photic evoked responses

Abstract Photic evoked responses were recorded from the striate cortex of Long-Evens hooded normal (control) rats and from monocular visual deprivation (MD) rats. The averaged visual evoked responses (AVER) were obtained from both hemispheres and provide comparison between the contralateral and the ipsilateral striate cortex with relation to the monocular deprived eye. The AVER recorded following binocular photic stimulation after 1 month of monocular deprivation demonstrated that the two visual cortexes responded differently. In the contralsteral hemisphere of the visual cortex (related to the MD eye), allthree components (P2, N2 and P3) of the AVER of the MD rats had significant increases M their peak amplitude as compared to the control recordings. In the ipsilateral cortex, the amplitude of component p2 and N2 was significantly reduced as a result of 1 month of MD. Comparing the AVER amplitudes of the two homotopic sites of the visual cortex obtained from the control group reveals no differences between the two hemispheres but markedly significant differences In P2, N2 and P3 components for the MD group. Based on the literature, the possibility that the monocular visual deprivation at the critical period in early developmental stage modulates the AVER as a result from the neurocytolopical alteration from ailering of GABA and ACh within the striate cortex was discussed. In conclusion, the AVER is a reliable and practical method for studying the effects of monocular deprivation and neuroplasticity in the rat visual cortex.
Polarized targets for atomic physics experiments with highly charged ions

Abstract We report the status of a polarized sodium beam target being developed in our laboratory. Electronic polarization is obtained by optical pumping with a single-mode ring-dye laser. Polarization close to 100% has been achieved for target thicknesses of 1010 atoms cm 2 . The target will be used for atomic physics experiments at the Argonne PII ECR ion source. One of the goals is to produce beams of highly charged ions with significant electronic polarization. We also discuss plans to use a polarized hydrogen target for atomic physics experiments at the ATLAS heavy-ion accelerator.
At-Rest Lateral Earth Pressure of Consolidating Clay

Two clay slurries with different controlled chemistries (flocculated and dispersed) were consolidated in large-diameter rigid cylindrical slurry consolidometers. During two cycles of consolidation and rebound, the axial deformations, pore pressure, and both axial and radial stresses were measured directly, thereby providing a continuous record of the stress and strain history of each sample. The coefficient of lateral earth pressure at-rest, K\do, was found to remain essentially constant during the loading phase of a loading-unloading cycle, but its value increased gradually during unloading until it exceeded unity when the overconsolidation ratio was about 2. Several indirect approaches were used to compute K\do from shear strength parameters determined from triaxial compression tests on specimens trimmed from block samples of the same two clays for which direct measurements were obtained, and the results were found to be in good agreement. Within the scope of the test data, neither pore fluid chemistry nor the associated clay fabric exerted much influence of the measured (during loading) values of K\do, which were in the range of 0.70 ±\N0.05.
Teacher Efficacy: How Teachers Rate Themselves and How Students Rate Their Teachers.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare how teachers rate themselves with how students rate their teachers on the Teacher Efficacy the External Influences Scale, a scale designed to assess teachers' efficacy in the area of classroom organization and discipline. The participants in this study were seventh- and eighth-grade teachers and their students in a middle school located in a metropolitan area of a midsized, midwestern community in the United States. There were 710 students and 18 teachers participating in this study. The researchers found five of the 13 scale items were statistically significant. The results show that teachers have a positive influence on students' behavior, teachers may relate to most difficult students, teachers might compensate for students' home experiences through good teaching, some students may not respond to any teacher intervention, and students who report being disciplined at home were unlikely to accept discipline at school. This study suggests how the results mi...
Occurrence of magnetic order in a pseudobinary system of non-magnetic binaries: YMn2-2cCo2c

The pseudobinary system YMn2-2cCo2c is shown to develop ferromagnetic order over a limited range of composition. This is explained on the basis of ferromagnetic Mn-Mn coupling in the large c limit, using a local model for exchange. Behaviour reminiscent of a spin glass develops at the Mn-rich side of the homogeneous range. A weak intrinsic coercivity exists at 4.2K, but no mictomagnetic asymmetry of the hysteresis is observed.
Probing the opioid receptor complex with (+)-trans-superfit. I. Evidence that [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin interacts with high affinity at the δcx binding site

Abstract A variety of data support the existence of an opioid receptor complex composed of distinct but interacting μcx and δcx binding sites, where “cx” indicates “in the complex.” The ability of subantinociceptive doses of [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin to potentiate and attenuate morphine-induced antinociception, respectively, is thought to be mediated via their binding to the δcx binding site. [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]Enkephalin also modulates morphine-induced antinociception, but has very low affinity for the δcx binding site in vitro. In the present study, membranes were depleted of their δncx binding sites by pretreatment with the site-directed acylating agent, (3S,4S)-(+)-trans-N-[1-[2-(4-isothiocyanato)phenyl)-ethyl]-3-methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropaneamide hydrochloride, which permits selective labeling of the δcx binding site with [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin. The major findings of this study are that with this preparation of rat brain membranes: a) there are striking differences between the δcx and μ binding sites; and b) both [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin and [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin exhibit high affinity for the δcx binding site.
A new technique for the in vivo bioassay of opiates and other drugs on mouse spinal cord

Abstract We have developed a new technique for the infusion of drugs into the mouse subarachnoid space. Using this technique, we have quantitated the effects of morphine, Leu- and Met-enkephalin on spinal neurons as measured by the tail-flick test.
A CTD function linking transcription to splicing

Abstract Since its discovery in 1985, the function of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase li has been a puzzle. Recent studies suggest that the CTD functions as a linear platform for assembly of complexes that splice, cleave and polyadenylate pre-mRNA. A new set of CTD-associated SR-like proteins (CASPs) have been implicated in pre-mRNA processing and transcription elongation as a component of the emerging ‘transcriptosome'.
Effect of tourist photographs on attitudes towards destination: Manifest and latent content

Abstract In the sender-message-receiver communication model, tourist photographs project organic destination images which are interpreted on the receiving end of the communication channel by potential tourists, influencing their tourism-related attitudes and affecting behavior. This study investigated how photographs taken by American and Korean tourists while visiting Russia and posted in travel blogs and on media-sharing websites affect perceptions of Russia as a travel destination by those who view these images. The study specifically focused on latent content of tourist photographs with respect to such destination attributes as crowdedness, cleanliness, level of economic development, personal safety, level of modernity, friendliness, uniqueness, and extent of commercialization, as well as affective qualities of destination places. Researchers evaluated the interplay between the manifest and latent content of the images and how each type of content separately and both types together affected attitudes of viewers towards the destination and their desire to visit it.
Conformation and hydrogen bonding of N-formylpeptides: crystal and molecular structure of N-formyl-l-alanyl-l-aspartic acid†

Crystals of N-formyl-L-alanyl-L-aspartic acid (C8H11N2O6) grown from aqueous methanol solution are orthorhombic, space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell parameters at 294K of a = 13.619(2), b = 8.567(2), c = 9.583(3)A, V = 1118.1A3, M.W. = 232.2, Z = 4, Dm = 1.38 g/cm3 and Dx = 1.378 g/cm3. The crystal structure was solved by the application of direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.075 for 1244 reflections with I greater than or equal to 3 sigma collected on a CAD-4 diffractometer. The structure contains two short intermolecular hydrogen bonds: (i) between the C-terminal carboxyl OH and the N-acyl oxygen (2.624(3)A), a characteristic feature found in many N-acyl peptides and (ii) between the aspartic carboxyl OH. and the peptide oxygen OP1 (2.623(3)A). The peptide is nonplanar (omega = 165.5(6) degrees). The molecule takes up a folded conformation in contrast to N-formyl peptides which form extended beta-sheets; the values of phi 1, psi 1, phi 2, psi 2(1), and psi 2(2) are, respectively -65.7(6), 152.0(5), -107.2(5), 30.9(5), and -150.3(6). The aspartic acid side chain conformation is g- with chi 1 = 73.1(5). The formyl group, as expected, is transplanar [OF-CF-N1-CA1 = -4.0(8) degrees]. The presence of the short O-H ... O hydrogen bond emerges as a structural feature common to this peptide and several other N-formyl peptides. There are no C-H ... O hydrogen bonds in this structure.
Comparing approaches to comparative aphasiology

(1989). Comparing approaches to comparative aphasiology. Aphasiology: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 143-150.
Cyclical changes in volatile acidic metabolites of human vaginal secretions and their relation to ovulation

The major volatile constituents in human vaginal secretions were identified. Data collected during the course of 29 cycles from 9 subjects showed that the nature and abundance of the vaginal organic constituents differed with respect to subject. Only 3 of 9 subjects investigated consistently had C3-C5 aliphatic acids; acetic acid was present in all subjects. Lactic acid was the major acidic compound consistently found in the vaginal secretion of all subjects near the time of ovulation. Cyclical changes in the acidic constituents were demonstrated.
Bilingual frequency encoding

Two experiments are reported that examine the nature of the processing of frequency information in Spanish-English bilinguals. In the first study, subjects studied a list of English-only, Spanish-only, and mixed-language words varying in their frequency of occurrence, and under conditions of being either informed or uninformed about the later frequency test. Subjects were then shown pictures represeting the nominally presented items and had to give frequency judgments for the words depicting the objects. Frequency judgments were significantly faster when the words had been presented in a single language, suggesting a summation of access times for the mixed-language words. Instructional conditions had no effect on frequency judgments, but the latency to judge was significantly reduced for the informed subjects. In the second study, using similar acquisition procedures, subjects were shown test words in either the same or the different language from the one in which the words were originally experienced. Subjects demonstrated a clear ability to assign frequencies according to the relationship between acquisition and test language. The data were discussed in terms of supporting the hypothesis of separate bilingual language processing, and implications for the automatic nature of frequency acquisition were also addressed.
Optical Information for Car Following: The Driving by Visual Angle (DVA) Model

OBJECTIVE: The present study developed and tested a model of car following by human drivers. BACKGROUND: Previous models of car following are based on 3-D parameters such as lead vehicle speed and distance information, which are not directly available to a driver. In the present paper we present the driving by visual angle (DVA) model, which is based on the visual information (visual angle and rate of change of visual angle) available to the driver. METHOD: Two experiments in a driving simulator examined car-following performance in response to speed variations of a lead vehicle defined by a sum of sine wave oscillations and ramp acceleration functions. In addition, the model was applied to six driving events using real world-driving data. RESULTS: The model provided a good fit to car-following performance in the driving simulation studies as well as in real-world driving performance. A comparison with the advanced interactive microscopic simulator for urban and nonurban networks (AIMSUN) model, which is based on 3-D parameters, suggests that the DVA was more predictive of driver behavior in matching lead vehicle speed and distance headway. CONCLUSION: Car-following behavior can be modeled using only visual information to the driver and can produce performance more predictive of driver performance than models based on 3-D (speed or distance) information. APPLICATION: The DVA model has applications to several traffic safety issues, including automated driving systems and traffic flow models. Language: en
The Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on NSAID-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity

OBJECTIVE:To review the data to determine whether Helicobacter pylorieradication alters nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)–induced gastrointestinal toxicity.DATA SOURCE:Literature accessed through MEDLINE from 1966 to May 2000 and abstracts of recently presented data at scientific meetings.DATA SYNTHESIS:NSAID use and H. pyloriinfection are independent risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal ulcers. An evaluation of the relationship between these two risk factors and the impact of H. pylorieradication on NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity was conducted.CONCLUSIONS:H. pyloricolonization and NSAID use are independent risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal ulcers. The data regarding the interaction between these two risk factors in the development of gastrointestinal ulcers are conflicting. Eradication of H. pyloridoes not appear to decrease the risk of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in the majority of patients. As there is little evidence to support a clear b...
On supervised mining of dynamic content-based networks1

In recent years, a large amount of information has become available online in the form of web documents, social networks, or blogs. Such networks are large, heterogeneous, and often contain a huge number of links. This linkage structure encodes rich structural information about the topical behavior of the network. Such networks are often dynamic and evolve rapidly over time. Much of the work in the literature has focused on classification either with purely text behavior or with purely linkage behavior. Furthermore, the work in the literature is mostly designed for static networks. However, a given network may be quite diverse, and the use of either content or structure could be more or less effective in different parts of the network. In this paper, we examine the problem of node classification in dynamic information networks with both text content and links. Our techniques use a random walk approach in conjunction with the content of the network to facilitate an effective classification process. Our approach is dynamic, and can be applied to networks which are updated incrementally. Our results suggest that an approach based on both content and links is extremely robust and effective. We also present methods to perform supervised keyword-based clustering of nodes using this approach. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness and efficiency of our classification approach. We also show that the approach is able to find effective and coherent clusters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 5: 16–34, 2012, © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (This paper is an extended version of Ref.[1].)
Reducing Vibration by Digital Filtering and Input Shaping

The residual vibration of flexible systems can be reduced by shaping the reference command with notch filters, low-pass filters, and input shapers. Since the introduction of robust input shaping, there has been substantial evidence that input shaping is better than both notch and low-pass filtering for suppressing vibration in mechanical systems. Much of this evidence is empirical comparisons between traditional filters and robust input shapers. Given the large variety of filters and shapers and the large number of design strategies and parameters, there is still some uncertainty as to which approach is better. This paper seeks to end this debate by proving that notch and low-pass filters are never better than input shapers for suppressing mechanical vibration. This paper expands on previous efforts by presenting a proof showing that input shapers suppress vibration more quickly than notch or low-pass filters. The problem of suppressing multi-mode vibration is also examined. Experimental results from a portable bridge crane verify key theoretical results.
A novel Netrin-1–sensitive mechanism promotes local SNARE-mediated exocytosis during axon branching

Developmental axon branching dramatically increases synaptic capacity and neuronal surface area. Netrin-1 promotes branching and synaptogenesis, but the mechanism by which Netrin-1 stimulates plasma membrane expansion is unknown. We demonstrate that SNARE-mediated exocytosis is a prerequisite for axon branching and identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM9 as a critical catalytic link between Netrin-1 and exocytic SNARE machinery in murine cortical neurons. TRIM9 ligase activity promotes SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion and axon branching in a Netrin-dependent manner. We identified a direct interaction between TRIM9 and the Netrin-1 receptor DCC as well as a Netrin-1–sensitive interaction between TRIM9 and the SNARE component SNAP25. The interaction with SNAP25 negatively regulates SNARE-mediated exocytosis and axon branching in the absence of Netrin-1. Deletion of TRIM9 elevated exocytosis in vitro and increased axon branching in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide a novel model for the spatial regulation of axon branching by Netrin-1, in which localized plasma membrane expansion occurs via TRIM9-dependent regulation of SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion.
Distribution-free bounds for relational classification

Statistical relational learning (SRL) is a subarea in machine learning which addresses the problem of performing statistical inference on data that is correlated and not independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.)—as is generally assumed. For the traditional i.i.d. setting, distribution-free bounds exist, such as the Hoeffding bound, which are used to provide confidence bounds on the generalization error of a classification algorithm given its hold-out error on a sample size of N. Bounds of this form are currently not present for the type of interactions that are considered in the data by relational classification algorithms. In this paper, we extend the Hoeffding bounds to the relational setting. In particular, we derive distribution-free bounds for certain classes of data generation models that do not produce i.i.d. data and are based on the type of interactions that are considered by relational classification algorithms that have been developed in SRL. We conduct empirical studies on synthetic and real data which show that these data generation models are indeed realistic and the derived bounds are tight enough for practical use.
The use of donated products to train residents to perform injectable cosmetic procedures

As dermatology residency program director, Dr Duco recently reviewed the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) guidelines for resident graduation. She noticed that performing or observing cosmetic procedures, such as botulinum toxin and soft tissue filler injections, are listed under surgical requirements. Currently, residents have a limited opportunity either to perform or to observe these procedures under faculty supervision. To fulfill accreditation requirements, the residency program started an after-hours clinic staffed with a full-time faculty member who supervises the cosmetic procedures performed by the residents. All patients are volunteers and receive cosmetic services at no charge. Pharmaceutical companies provide the products to the department free of charge through a company training grant. The cosmetic clinic recently came under scrutiny because the institution designated these cosmetic injectable products as samples, and sampling is prohibited by the hospital.
Lessons learned while implementing expert systems in the real world of clinical trials data analyses: The POSCH AI project

The authors document their experiences implementing expert systems in an operational environment. They cover the problems they encountered, the procedures used, and the solutions they found. Issues related to large databases are emphasized, as well as situations, problems, and solutions that are apt to be encountered. >
577: Systemic inflammation response of growth restricted premature newborns

growth restricted premature newborns T.F. McElrath, E. Allred, R. Fichorova, A. Leviton Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA, Children’s Hospital, Neuroepidemiology, Boston, MA, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, OB/Gyn, Boston, MA OBJECTIVE: In-utero growth restriction (IUGR) presages health consequences later in life. We describe here a pattern of inflammationrelated proteins characteristic of IUGR extremely preterm newborns that may explain these later consequences. STUDY DESIGN: 25 inflammation-related proteins were measured in blood collected on postnatal days 1, 7 and 14 from 939 infants born before the 28th week of gestation using the Meso Scale Discovery platform with normalization to total protein. IUGR was defined as a gestation-specific birth weight Z-score 2. Multinomial logistic regression models calculated the odds ratios of protein concentrations in the top quartile. RESULTS: The table presents statistically significant odds ratios (95% CI) of a top quartile concentration of the protein listed on the left. Each of the three postnatal days are listed at the top of each column for newborns with a birth weight Z-score 2 compared to those with a birth weight Z-score 1. CONCLUSION: Independent of the preceding in-utero environment, premature IUGR neonates are at increased risk of an inflammatory pattern of blood proteins after the first 2 postnatal weeks.
Round and Round at the Round Table

Several roundtable discussions at ICME IV provided interesting commentary on issues of current importance in mathematics education.
Channel capacity and modeling of optical fiber communications

We use the method of multiple scales borrowed from perturbation theory to derive a new time-domain transfer function of the nonlinear fiber-optic wave-division multiplexing (WDM) communications channel. The obtained channel response, derived from the nonlinear Schrodinger equation is shown to be equivalent to the multi-path fading frequency selective channel encountered in wireless links. In the linear regime, the channel response is shown to be equivalent to a standard intersymbol interference (ISI) channel and is used to derive new bounds on the capacity of the dispersive optical fiber channel.
A unified framework for modeling TCP-Vegas, TCP-SACK, and TCP-Reno

A general analytical framework for the modeling and analysis of TCP variations is presented. The framework allows the modeling of multiple variations of TCP, including TCP-Vegas, TCP-SACK, and TCP-Reno, under general network situations. In particular, the framework allows us to propose the first analytical model of TCP-Vegas for arbitrary on-off traffic that is able to predict the operating point of the network. The analysis provided by our framework leads to many interesting observations with respect to both the behavior of bottleneck links that are shared by TCP sources and the effectiveness of the design decisions in TCP-SACK and TCP-Vegas.
Analysis of fuzzy control method applied to DC-DC converter control

The application of fuzzy control to DC-DC converters operating at finite switching frequency is studied. Several control methods used for buck and boost converters are compared to the fuzzy converter control. Simulation results for several control methods are presented. The simulations show that the fuzzy control method has better dynamic performance and less steady state error. >
Effect of the doctor on college students' attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide.

Ninety-six students were presented with eighteen different vignettes describing different types of active and passive observed suicide, assisted suicide, and euthanasia. Attitudes regarding the morality and desired legality of each situation were measured. Results indicate that the interaction between the doctor and the patient, and, to a lesser extent, the active or passive nature of the agent of death, were more important than the actual actions of the doctor in allowing or causing death to occur.
Characterization of the monomer and dimer states of cytochrome c oxidase: circular dichroism spectra of the carbon monoxide complexes.

Abstract Circular dichroism spectra of the carbon monoxide complexes of cytochrome oxidase monomer and dimer have been obtained, and their absorption spectra have been repeated. The spectra of the dimer complex behave identically with the traditional cytochrome aa 3 model. The α-band spectra of the monomer complex cannot be interpreted according to this model; its γ-band spectra behave as the cytochrome a 3 component of cytochrome aa 3. These results lend support to our earlier hypothesis that the ligand-binding and spectroscopic properties of cytochrome oxidase are a direct function of the state of aggregation.
Dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes.

The quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. Previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, CO2 can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. We hypothesized that CO2 production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could inXuence nematode infection decisions. Changes in CO2 released by two insect species (Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor) after infection by one of four nematode species (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri, or Steinernema riobrave) were measured. Measurements were taken every 2 h from time of initial exposure to nematodes up to 224 h after infection. Dead (freeze-killed) and live uninfected insects were used as controls. Infected G. mellonella showed two distinct peaks of CO2 production: one between 20 and 30 h and the other between 70 and 115 h after exposure to the nematodes. Peaks were up to two times higher than levels produced by uninfected insects. Infected T. molitor showed only one peak between 25 and 50 h. We found diVerences in peak height and timing among nematode and insect species combinations. The inXuence of these changes in CO2 production on IJ attraction and infection behavior remains to be determined. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Comparing Survival Curves Using an Easy to Interpret Statistic

Here, I describe a statistic for comparing two survival curves that has a clear and obvious meaning and has a long history in biostatistics. Suppose we are comparing survival times associated with two treatments A and B. The statistic operates in such a way that if it takes on the value 0.95, then the interpretation is that a randomly chosen patient treated with A has a 95% chance of surviving longer than a randomly chosen patient treated with B. This statistic was first described in the 1950s, and was generalized in the 1960s to work with right-censored survival times. It is a useful and convenient measure for assessing differences between survival curves. Software for computing the statistic is readily available on the Internet.
Rapid Selection of a Transmissible Multidrug-Resistant Influenza A/H3N2 Virus in an Immunocompromised Host

Background. The overall impact of influenza virus infection in immunocompromised patients is largely unknown. Antigenic drift and genetic variations during prolonged influenza infection have been demonstrated. In this report we describe a multidrug-resistant H3N2 influenza virus isolated from an immunocompromised patient after 5 days of therapy. Methods. Multiple nasal wash samples were collected from an infected patient, and viral isolates were characterized. Sensitivity to antiviral agents was evaluated. Fitness and transmissibility were assessed in ferrets and tissue culture. Results. An in-frame 4―amino acid deletion emerged in the neuraminidase (NA) gene of an H3N2 virus after 5 days of oseltamivir therapy. No other changes in the NA or hemagglutinin genes were noted. Drug sensitivity assays revealed resistance to oseltamivir (>10-fold increase in 50% inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ]) and reduction in sensitivity to zanamivir (3-7-fold increase in IC 50 or 50% effective concentration). No change in fitness or transmissibility was observed. Conclusions. An in-frame NA gene deletion was rapidly selected for in an immunocompromised patient, resulting in decreased sensitivity of the isolate to available NA inhibitors without a change in fitness or transmissibility. This finding has implications for our understanding of the emergence of antiviral resistance and treatment of patients with influenza A infection, especially those who are immunocompromised.
Ancient and early influences

Identifying and analyzing the ancient and early influences on what would become the discipline known today as exercise physiology are formidable tasks. The range of disciplines involved and the time period of potential influences are both expansive, and the fact that no identifiable field of exercise physiology existed before the mid-nineteenth century is particularly troublesome. Accordingly, questions concerning what to read, where to look, and what years to examine loom large. Whereas the other authors in this volume could focus on a particular organ system, I did not have that luxury.
Identifying small bowel intussusception related to a gastroenteric feeding tube

Enteral feedings through gastroenteric (GE) tubes are commonly utilised in patients with feeding difficulties and intolerance to gastric feeding. A variety of complications related to GE tubes have been described which rarely include small bowel intussusception. The case of a 23-year-old man with proximal small bowel intussusception related to an endoscopically placed low profile GE tube is described. The patient presented with abdominal pain and bilious vomiting. Symptoms resolved with tube shortening. This report includes a short review aimed at raising awareness about this complication with a discussion on diagnosis and management.
Line shapes of cascade two-photon transitions in a cesium magneto-optic trap

We present a study of a two-photon double-resonance transition in cold cesium atoms in a magneto-optic trap. A closed five-level density matrix model of the system is developed to characterize the double-resonance Autler–Townes-split absorption line shape. Comparing this model with experimental spectra, we gain insight into the dominant process involved in trapping atoms, in particular, the importance of the interference of the six trapping laser beams. This system is used to probe transient effects in the trap as well as collective effects of the trapped atom cloud resulting from the intentional misalignment of the trapping beams.
Race, Gender, and Communications in Natural Disasters

We examine public attitudes toward vulnerability and evacuation in hurricane natural disasters. Using the results of an opinion survey in a coastal, New England state, we find important differences in how men and women, and Whites and minorities perceive natural disasters. Race, gender, and geographic proximity to the coast affect how vulnerable people believe their residence is to a major hurricane, while government officials and media reporting telling people to evacuate influence evacuation decisions. In order to avoid future breakdowns, governments need to understand the different information processing approaches of various groups of people.
Centrifuge Modeling of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Improved Soft Clay

AbstractA series of centrifuge tests were performed to investigate the behavior of laterally loaded pile groups in improved and unimproved soft clay. The soil profile consisted of four lightly overconsolidated clay layers overlying a dense layer of sand. The pile groups had a symmetrical layout consisting of 2×2 piles spaced at 3.0 and 7.0 pile diameters (D). After improving the soft clay in situ using simulated cement deep soil mixing (CDSM), pile foundations were driven into the improved ground. Centrifuge tests revealed that CDSM is an effective method to increase the lateral resistance of pile foundations. The lateral resistance of the improved pile group at 7D spacing increased by 157%. Due to pile–soil–pile interactions, the lateral resistance in the 3D pile group increased by only 112%. In both improved and unimproved pile groups with 3D spacing, the leading row of piles carried larger loads and bending moments than the trailing row of piles. No group interaction effects were observed in all pile g...
Meaning in Schutz

The relations of meanings to ideal types is explored. Meanings are not only subjective and objective but also individual and collective and, furthermore, can be called referential and non-referential. Essentially actual experiences are non-referential but rather important.
„Social Leadership“ – Führen in einem Digitalen Unternehmen

Was zeichnet Fuhrungskrafte aus und wie legitimieren sie sich? In Zeiten eines von militarischen Mustern gepragten Fuhrungsstils war es nicht selten ein aufgrund eingeschrankter Kommunikationsmoglichkeiten gegebener Wissensvorsprung. Auch in dem nach 1960 vermehrt genutzten partizipativen Fuhrungsmethoden blieb dieser dann mehr und mehr kunstlich geschaffene Wissensvorsprung ein gewunschtes Mittel der Legitimierung. Erst etwa seit 1990 haben sich die technischen Moglichkeiten der Kommunikation so weit verandert, dass Wettbewerbsvorteile ganz wesentlich von schnellen Abstimmungsprozessen abhangig sind. Damit ist das Festhalten an kunstlichen Wissensvorsprungen Einzelner fur die Unternehmen nicht mehr effizient. Das fuhrt dazu, dass sich auch die Fuhrungsmechanismen in Unternehmen andern.