cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Proteolytic Activity of Thermolactic Cultures on Physical Properties of Mozzarella Cheese

Abstract The effect of proteolytic activity over time on physical parameters of Mozzarella cheese was examined. The proteolytic activity of a collection of commercial strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus was determined by the o -phthaldialdehyde test. Characteristics of trial vats (6L) of Mozzarella cheese manufactured using single or paired strains either high or deficient in proteolytic activity were compared with Mozzarella cheese manufactured by direct acidification. Cheeses were analyzed for cook color by a reflectance colorimeter, melt by a tube test, and stretch by a helical viscometer at 1, 7, 14, and 28 d of storage at 4°C. Cheese made with single strains of proteinase-deficient L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus exhibited less browning, greater melting, and less stretch than cheese made with single proteolytic strains. Cheese made with pairs of proteinase-deficient strains of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus showed less browning and melting, but no difference in stretch compared with cheese made with proteinase-positive pairs. All cultured cheese had greater stretch, melt, and more browning than direct acid cheese after 1 d of storage. Cheese made with single strains of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus had greater stretch and less melt than cheese made with paired strains.
Deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with AIDS

Trichophyton rubrum usually causes disease in keratinized epithelial structures such as hairs and nails, 1 but rarely it may invade the dermis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. 2-5 However, deep dermatophytosis from T. rubrum has not been previously described in a patient with AIDS. We describe a patient with AIDS who also had multiple noduloulcerative skin lesions caused by invasion of the reticular dermis by T. rubrum.
Why a Complete Solution Has not Been Found of a Mode I Crack in an Elastic Plastic Solid

No demonstrated satisfactory solution, complete or partial, has ever been found for the plastic zone of a mode I crack in an elastic plastic solid. (By complete is meant a stress-strain field solution of both the crack tip plastic zone and the elastic region which surrounds it.) In this paper it is shown, as well as a negative can be shown, that it is unlikely that a solution exists for this problem if a condition on the solution is that an active plastic zone touches the crack tip and/or the crack faces behind the crack tip. The specific mode I crack problem considered is the stationary mode I crack in plane strain in an elastic perfectly plastic and incompressible solid with a plastic zone size which is small compared with the crack length (small scale yielding). Bisher wurde noch keine befriedigende, vollstandige oder partielle, Losung fur die plastische Zone eines Mode-I-Risses in einem elastisch-plastischen Festkorper gefunden (vollstandig bedeutet eine Losung fur das Spannungs-Dehnungsfeld sowohl in der plastischen Zone der Risspitze als auch in dem umgebenden, elastischen Bereich). In der Arbeit wird gezeigt, das die Existenz einer Losung unter der Bedingung, das eine aktive plastische Zone die Risspitze und/oder die Risflachen hinter der Spitze beruhrt, unwahrscheinlich ist. Das spezifische Mode-I-Problem behandelt einen Mode-I-Ris bei ebener Dehnung in einem elastisch-vollkommen plastischen und inkompressiblen Festkorper, in dem die Ausmas der plastischen Zone klein gegenuber der Rislange sind.
Sequential estimation of the variance of an unknown distribution

Sequential fixed-width and risk-efficient estimation of the variance of an unspecified distribution is considered. The second-order asymptotic properties of the sequential rules are studied. Extensive simulation studies are carried out in order to study the small sample behavior of the sequential rules for some frequently used distributions.
Silent period in jaw elevator muscle activity during mastication.

33. Belser, U. C., and Hannam, A. G.: Jaw elevator muscle activity logi, Ortofunktion. Copenhagen, 1974, <:h. V. Munksgaard, pp during controlled tooth clenching and unilateral chewing. J 173-2 18. PROSTHET DENT (Submitted for publication.) lZrp7nl reywfs lo: 34. Belser, L!. C., and Hannam, A. G.: The contribution of the deep DK. J. W. C. MACDONALD massewr muscle to functional and parafunctional jaw moveNo. 61 ESQUIRE BLDG. merits. Arch Oral Biol (Submitted for publication.) 10080 JASPER AVE. 35. Moller. E.: Tyggeapparatets naturlige funktionen. In KroghEDX~ONX)N, A~r.4. TS J lV9 Poulwn, W., and Carlscn, 0 , editors: Bidfunktioner, BettyfysioCAN\I)\
The reservoir of ozone in the boundary layer of the eastern United States and its potential impact on the global tropospheric ozone budget

An analysis of available ozone data in the eastern two-thirds of the United States indicates that a substantial reservoir of ozone is present in the summertime. Five-year mean concentrations range from 40 to 65 ppbv. The reservoir covered an area of several million square kilometers and extends vertically from the surface to 1 to 2 km. The vertical distribution of ozone in the reservoir during midday supports a transport of additional ozone from the boundary layer to the free troposphere. Data are presented demonstrating the potential effect of transport by convective clouds and by the sea breeze circulation - mechanisms by which ozone may be transported out of the boundary layer into the free troposphere. The potential impact of this reservoir on the tropospheric ozone budget is discussed. It is shown that if less than half of the ozone mass in this reservoir is transported to the free troposphere, then the amount of ozone transported out of the boundary layer approximates the amount of ozone transported downward during a tropopause fold event.
The antiphospholipid syndrome as a disorder initiated by inflammation: implications for the therapy of pregnant patients.

Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome suffer from recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity as a result of moderate to high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Treatment has predominantly focused on anticoagulation, using heparin and low-dose aspirin, but there is evidence that inflammation is a key mediator of pregnancy complications, as outlined in this Review. Arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis and morbidity during pregnancy, or a combination of these events, are clinical outcomes associated with antiphospholipid antibodies produced by patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome is limited, but it has generally been considered a thrombophilic disease and treatment has focused on anticoagulation. Agents such as aspirin and heparin, administered alone or in combination, are empirical treatments that are used in the management of obstetric patients with APS. Clinical features, such as heart valve abnormalities, thrombocytopenia and livedo reticularis, suggest multiple pathogenic mechanisms and provide other therapeutic targets. Findings from research in animal models of APS challenge the dogma that this syndrome is a noninflammatory, thrombotic disease and provide evidence that activation of complement is crucial for complications in pregnancy. These studies, in addition to evidence of inflammatory-mediated tissue damage in placentae of patients with APS, suggest that therapy should also be directed towards preventing inflammation. This Review describes the potential mechanisms of tissue injury by antiphospholipid antibodies, the management of pregnant patients with APS and how heparin therapy might inhibit the pathogenic mediators of disease.
Differential response of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 ("enkephalinase"), and cholinergic and opioidergic markers to hypoglossal axotomy.

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP; "enkephalinase") may inactivate a number of centrally active neuropeptides including the enkephalins and substance P. In most areas of the central nervous system, the cell types which express NEP activity are not known. The hypoglossal nucleus (N.XII) was selected as a model system to characterize the cytochemical localization of NEP. The effect of hypoglossal nerve axotomy upon the distribution of NEP activity in the hypoglossal nucleus was compared to the effect upon cholinergic markers, the mu opiate receptor, and the enkephalins. By use of a fluorescence histochemical method, NEP was localized at all levels of N.XII to the soma and proximal processes of the majority of the apparent motor neurons in the nucleus. Fluorescent double-labeling studies revealed the presence of numerous enkephalinergic varicosities which localized to the neuropil surrounding NEP-stained motor neurons. To determine whether NEP was synthesized by these motor neurons, 18 rats received a unilateral transection of the hypoglossal nerve. A pronounced decrease in NEP staining in N.XII was observed on the operated side as early as 3 days following axotomy. This decrease persisted at all levels of the nucleus for about 5 weeks. By 7 weeks, the staining between the control and operated sides was indistinguishable. By contrast, there was no apparent change in the density or distribution of enkephalin-immunoreactive varicosities in five animals examined 6 to 32 days following axotomy. Radioligand binding of [3H]DAMGO to the mu-opiate receptor in N.XII was studied in 20 animals by quantitative autoradiography at 2, 6, and 11 days after axotomy. No significant changes in the level of radioligand binding to the mu-receptor were detected in response to axotomy. In contrast to the opiate system, the cholinergic enzymes choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and pseudocholinesterase showed a coordinate decrease in motor neuron-associated staining on the operated side of N.XII at 3, 6, and 11 days following axotomy which paralleled the decrease in NEP staining. By contrast, the lysosomal enzyme marker, acid phosphatase, showed a pronounced increase in staining on the operated side. The results of this study are consistent with the synthesis of NEP by cholinergic N.XII motor neurons and indicates that the enkephalins and NEP in N.XII are closely associated, but derive from separate neuronal populations. The widespread overlap in the distribution of NEP-stained motor neurons and enkephalinergic varicosities in N.XII provides additional anatomical support for a potential role for NEP in the inactivation of centrally active enkephalins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
STRATEGIC SUPPLY CHAIN MAPPING APPROACHES

There are a number of compelling reasons to build a strategic supply chain map. However, widely accepted conventions for this kind of mapping do not yet exist. The strategic map provides a tool for linking corporate strategy to supply chain strategy and for helping to manage and modify the supply chain structure. Before the discipline addresses the process of building strategic supply chain maps, there is a need for mapping conventions and a framework for categorizing strategic supply chain maps.
Preparation of 11C-Urea from No-carrier-added 11C-Cyanide☆

Abstract Carbon-11 labeled urea was synthetized by thermal transformation of 11 C-labeled ammonium cyanate. The 11 C-cyanate was prepared by oxidation of 11 C-cyanide. The total synthesis was accomplished in 20 min starting from 11 CN − to obtain 11 C-urea in 85±5% radiochemical yield with purity greater than 98%. HPLC was utilized to examine the various reactants and products.
The uptake of SO2 on synthetic sea salt and some of its components

The uptake of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on synthetic sea salt (SSS) and its components, NaCl and MgCl2•6H2O, was studied at 298 K using a Knudsen cell interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Significant uptake on dried salts was not observed, placing upper limits on the uptake coefficients, γ, of < 1 × 10−4 for NaCl, < 5 × 10−4 for MgCl2•6H2O, and < 8 × 10−5 for SSS. However, SSS and MgCl2•6H2O that had not been dried before use showed significant uptake of SO2. The magnitude of the uptake depended strongly on the exposure time and the amount of water desorbing. Initially, the measured uptake coefficients for SO2 on SSS were as high as 0.09, but they rapidly decreased below 10−2 with a t−1/2 dependence as expected for approach to the equilibrium saturation concentration in an aqueous solution. The decreasing uptake coefficient slowly approaches zero over hours, consistent with reactions in a water layer with species such as CaCO3. The products of the reaction were shown by diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to include low solubility metal sulfites. These studies show that uptake of SO2 on sea salt particles, even below their deliquescence/effluorescence points, can be treated as if it is into an aqueous salt solution.
Numerical simulation of film-cooling concave plate as coolant jet passes through two rows of holes with various orientations of coolant flow

Computations are performed to predict the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer of concave plate that is cooled by two staggered rows of film-cooling jets. This investigation considers two coolant flow orientations: (1) the coolant jets were ejected from a straight-blow supply plenum, so the coolant supply plane is parallel to the entrance plane of the coolant jets; (2) the coolant jets were ejected from the cross-blow supply plenum so the coolant supply plane was normal to the entrance plane of the coolant jets. The effects of numerous film-cooling parameters were investigated, including the mainstream Reynolds number, the angular locations of the two-row injections and the blowing ratio. The mainstream Reynolds number, determined by the diameter of the injection hole as the characteristic length, varied from 3440 to 13,760. The blowing ratio ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 with a fixed density ratio of 1.14. Additionally, two angles of injections, 40° and 42°, from the exit plane of the entrance duct are considered. Results are presented as the surface adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness, the temperature distribution and the velocity vector profile. The formation and trace of counter-rotating vortex pairs that result from the interaction between the mainstream hot gas and the cooling jets was clearly exhibited. The laterally averaged film-cooling effectiveness over the concave surface with a straight-blow plenum is slightly higher than that of a cross-blow plenum at all test blowing ratios. Results of this study demonstrate that the blowing ratio is one of the most significant film-cooling parameters over a concave surface.
Through Phenomenology to Sublime Poetry: Martin Heidegger on the Decisive Relation between Truth and Art1

Examinant la question de l'essence essentielle de la verite et de la pensee propre de l'etre dans le contexte de l'art chez Heidegger, l'A. montre que la relation entre l'essence de la poesie et la position decisive du Dasein entre l'humain et le divin, entre la terre et le monde, definit une pensee du sublime fondee sur la responsabilite du Dasein redecouvrant la question de la verite et la question de la mort
Gendered Performances During Peer Revision

This study explored the ways gender is accomplished in varied social contexts during the peer revision process in a secondary English classroom. Using a post-structural feminist theoretical framework, an analysis of classroom discourse provided a basis for understanding the performance of gender during peer revision, the effects of gender construction on peer revision, and the role of dominant ideology during peer revision. Data was organized into F/F, M/M, and F/M groupings and reveals the organizational, linguistic, and interpersonal interactions of varied, gendered groupings. Findings indicate more opportunities for males, female accommodation for males, and the variability of language.
Olfactory groove meningioma: discussion of clinical presentation and surgical outcomes following excision via the subcranial approach.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To describe surgical outcomes and radiographic features of olfactory groove meningiomas treated by excision through the subcranial approach. Special emphasis is placed on paranasal sinus and orbit involvement. Study Design: Retrospective review of a series of patients. Methods: Nineteen patients underwent excision of olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) via the transglabellar/subcranial approach between December 1995 and November 2009. Nine patients had previously undergone prior resection at outside institutions, and four had prior radiotherapy in addition to a prior excision. Transglabellar/subcranial surgical approach to the anterior skull base was performed. Results: Tumor histology included three World Health Organization (WHO) grade III lesions, one WHO grade II lesion, and 15 WHO grade I lesions. Fourteen patients had evidence of extension into the paranasal sinuses, with the ethmoid sinus being most commonly involved. Kaplan-Meier estimates of mean overall and disease-free survival were 121.45 months and 93.03 months, respectively. The mean follow-up interval was 41.0 months, and at the time of data analysis three patients had recurrent tumors. Seven (36.8%) patients experienced a major complication in the perioperative period; there were no perioperative mortalities. Orbit invasion was observed in four patients, with optic nerve impingement in 11 patients. Of these, three patients had long-term diplopia. No patients experienced worsening of preoperative visual acuity. Conclusions: Olfactory groove meningiomas demonstrate a propensity to spread into the paranasal sinuses, particularly in recurrent cases. Given a tendency for infiltrative recurrence along the skull base, this disease represents an important area of collaboration between neurosurgery and otolaryngology. The subcranial approach offers excellent surgical access for excision, particularly for recurrences that involve the paranasal sinuses and optic apparatus.
Dynamic detection of novice vs. skilled use without a task model

If applications were able to detect a user's expertise, then software could automatically adapt to better match exper-tise. Detecting expertise is difficult because a user's skill changes as the user interacts with an application and differs across applications. This means that expertise must be sensed dynamically, continuously, and unobtrusively so as not to burden the user. We present an approach to this prob-lem that can operate without a task model based on low-level mouse and menu data which can typically be sensed across applications at the operating systems level. We have implemented and trained a classifier that can detect "nov-ice" or "skilled" use of an image editing program, the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), at 91% accuracy, and tested it against real use. In particular, we developed and tested a prototype application that gives the user dy-namic application information that differs depending on her performance.
CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF SEVERELY ENCRUSTED URETERAL STENTS WITH A LARGE ASSOCIATED STONE BURDEN

Purpose: We review our recent experience with encrusted retained ureteral stents associated with a large stone burden as well as current endoscopic options available for management.Materials and Methods: One man and 3 women presented to our department between May 1998 and April 1999 for treatment of an encrusted retained ureteral stent. One patient had a history of 3 episodes of ureteral stent encrustation during the last 6 years. We reviewed the management of these stents and the associated stone burden.Results: Average patient age was 32.5 years (range 25 to 41). Average interval that the encrusted stent remained in place was 7 months (range 3 to 12). In the 3 women pregnancy was associated with the retained stent. All patients required 2 to 6 endourological approaches (average 4.2) performed at 1 or multiple sessions to render them stone-free and stent-free. Postoperatively sepsis in 1 case necessitated a prolonged intensive care unit stay with eventual recovery.Conclusions: Successful management of a ...
Compositional ordering in SiGe alloy thin films

We have performed surface x-ray diffraction experiments on ${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.5}$ films grown on Ge(001) substrates. The results for our thinnest film (eight monolayers) show the compositional order at the initial stages of growth. This ordering is observed underneath the surface $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ dimer reconstruction, and was previously predicted by calculations on the equilibrium alloy surface. This initial surface compositional ordering is also consistent with the ultimate structure for the bulk of these films. Measurements from thicker alloy films show an increase in the average order parameter with increasing thickness, but then a decrease with the thickest film of 1000 \AA{}.
Some symplectic forms arising in Twistor theory

Abstract The symplectic forms on Twistor space and on the product of two Twistor spaces are defined. It is shown how the symplectic form on the space of null geodesics in Minkowski space may be obtained from the first and the symplectic form of Souriau on the space of massive particles with spin in Minkowski space from the second.
ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES, THEELIN AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE 12

It is GENERALLY believed that a close relationship exists between some of ITthe hormones and the metabolism of the muscles. Most of the studies on this relationship have been concerned with changes in creatine-creatinine metabolism. Korenchevsky (i) reviewed the literature from 1890 to 192,5 dealing with the effect of castration and ovariectomy on obesity and on gaseous and nitrogen metabolism. Tsun-Chee-Shen (2), in the only paper published on the subject during this period, reported no effect on creatine metabolism from castration in dogs and in rats. Creatinuria, however, often occurs after castration in rabbits, (3, 4), rats, (5), and dogs (6). It also occurs i n some cases of acromegaly (7), pregnancy, and hyperthyroidism (8). Papani-colaou and Falk (9) stated that the general muscular enlargement following treatment of guinea pigs with the anterior pituitary sex hormone offers an explanation for the higher musculart of the male mammal, and emphasised the.
The Tribological Behavior of MoS 2 -Cr Films Sliding Against an Aluminum Counterface

The tribological performance of MoS 2 -Cr films in a pin-on-disk test sliding against an aluminum ball has been examined in this study. The MoS 2 -Cr films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (MoS 2 ) and simultaneous sputter deposition of Cr, giving a Cr content in the film of 10 mol. %. The results were also compared with films of MoS 2 alone. The frictional behavior of MoS 2 -Cr films was not improved compared to the MoS 2 alone, so SEM/EDS studies of the ball and flat were conducted to determine the nature of the transfer films and examine any interface reactions that occurred during the pin-on-disk (POD) test. In the early stages of the POD test (500 cycles) on the MoS 2 -Cr film, Al-oxide particles formed and caused cratering and scratching of the wear track, and the coefficient of friction neared 0.7. At later stages (9000 cycles), a thick oxide-based transfer film formed on the ball, but on the flat the track composition was closer to that of the original coating. For the films without Cr, after 10 4 cycles a smooth wear track was observed, and a thin transfer film of MoS 2 was found within grooves on the ball wear scar along with Al oxide, which resulted in superior tribological performance.
Introgression and Characterization of a Goatgrass Gene for a High Level of Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust in Tetraploid Wheat

The transfer of alien genes to crop plants using chromosome engineering has been attempted infrequently in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum). Here, we report a highly efficient approach for the transfer of two genes conferring resistance to stem rust race Pgt-TTKSK (Ug99) from goatgrass (Aegilops speltoides) to tetraploid wheat. The durum line DAS15, carrying the stem rust resistance gene Sr47 derived from Ae. speltoides, was crossed, and backcrossed, to durum 5D(5B) aneuploids to induce homeologous pairing. After a final cross to ‘Rusty’ durum, allosyndetic recombinants were recovered. The Ae. speltoides chromosomal segment carrying Sr47 was found to have two stem rust resistance genes. One gene conditioning an infection type (IT) 2 was located in the same chromosomal region of 2BS as Sr39 and was assigned the temporary gene symbol SrAes7t. Based on ITs observed on a diverse set of rust races, SrAes7t may be the same as Sr39. The second gene conditioned an IT 0; and was located on chromosome arm 2BL. This gene retained the symbol Sr47 because it had a different IT and map location from other stem rust resistance genes derived from Ae. speltoides. Allosyndetic recombinant lines carrying each gene on minimal alien chromosomal segments were identified as were molecular markers distinguishing each alien segment. This study demonstrated that chromosome engineering of Ae. speltoides segments is feasible in tetraploid wheat. The Sr47 gene confers high-level and broad spectrum resistance to stem rust and should be very useful in efforts to control TTKSK.
Direct differentiation of surface and bulk compositions of powder catalysts : application of electron-yield and fluorescence-yield NEXAFS to LixNi1-xO

We have applied near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) to characterize the surface and bulk properties of LixNi1−xO catalysts. In our experimental set-up, NEXAFS spectra of powder materials could be obtained by measuring the intensity of either electron-yield or fluorescence-yield. While the electron-yield method is sensitive only to the top few atomic layers, the fluorescence-yield method can detect species up to a few thousands angstroms deep into the bulk structure. The ability to distinguish surface and bulk compositions is demonstrated in studies of a number of Li0.5Ni0.5O samples, of which the surface compositions vary as a function of preparation procedures. In addition, NEXAFS investigations following the reaction of LixNi1−xO with CH4 have also been carried out and the results indicate that the initial surface reaction intermediates are Li2CO3.
Contribution of C1- and F-bearing gases to the atmosphere by volcanoes

As halogen gases catalyse the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere1–3, it is important to quantify the natural emissions of halogens from active volcanoes. Here we use equilibrium thermodynamics to predict the speciation of Cl and F in volcanic gases and provide new estimates of the global emission rates to the atmosphere. Our calculations show that HCl and HF are the dominant species of Cl and F in volcanic gases, at least several orders of magnitude more abundant than all other species. We estimate the annual global volcanic fluxes of HCl and HF to be 0.4–11 Tg (1012 g) and 0.06–6 Tg, respectively. On average, <10% of these emissions come in large explosive eruptions that transmit them efficiently to the stratosphere. Although they are infrequent, large volcanic eruptions may inject significant amounts of HCl and HF into the stratosphere. Passively degassing volcanoes are also a major source of tropospheric HF, although sea salt is the main source of tropospheric HC1.
High-Pressure, High-Temperature Syntheses in the B-C-N-O System

Abstract We synthesized severalα-rhombohedral B-rich materials belonging to the B–C–N–O system using a multianvil press. B–C–O materials were prepared by reacting mixtures of B, C, and B2O3in the 5 to 7.5 GPa pressure range and at a temperature of 1700°C. Powder X-ray diffraction and parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopy with a transmission electron microscope showed that the BxCyOzphases obtained are based on theα-rhombohedral B structure. Crystals of composition B6C1.1O0.33to B6C1.28O0.31ranging in size from 1 to 20 μm were grown. Small transparent lustrous red cleavage flakes were obtained for stoichiometries close to B6O. The growth of boron carbide nanorods was also observed in some of the run products. We report the first conclusive bulk synthesis of a new boron nitride, B6N1−x, obtained by reacting B and hexagonal BN at 7.5 GPa and 1700°C. The structure of this compound is derived from that ofα-rhombohedral B (space groupeR 3 m) and the refined hexagonal cell parameters areah=5.457 A andch=12.241 A.
Biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) under nitrate-reducing conditions

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine is a widely used military explosive that is more commonly known as Royal Demolition Explosive (RDX). Because of concerns with the potential toxicity of RDX, increasingly stringent regulations are anticipated for wastewater discharges from munitions manufacturing facilities. At the Holston Army Ammunition Plant (HAAP), where RDX is currently produced in the U.S., the treatment sequence includes an anoxic filter prior to aerobic filters and activated sludge reactors. The intent of the anoxic filter is to remove the high levels of nitrate that are often present in munitions wastewater, as well as RDX and other nitrated energetic compounds. However, RDX removal across the filter is typically not adequate to meet the anticipated regulatory target, and RDX tends to persist under aerobic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reason for poor RDX removal in the anoxic filter. Microcosms were set-up with HAAP wastewater and biofilm scraped from the anoxic filter. Nitrate-reducing conditions were readily established, with organics present in the wastewater as well as acetate serving as electron donors. However, as long as nitrate was present, no decrease in RDX (15 μM) occurred. As soon as nitrate was depleted and some primary substrate was still available, RDX was rapidly biotransformed to metabolites that included mononitroso, dinitroso, and trinitroso derivatives. The disappearance of nitrate, followed by biotransformation of RDX, coincided with a decrease in redox potential to below −200 mV. These results were confirmed with an ethanol-grown nitrate-reducing enrichment culture that was inoculated with biofilm from the HAAP anoxic filter. The presence of RDX had no apparent effect on nitrate reduction, whereas RDX biotransformation was completely inhibited until all of the nitrate was consumed. Nitrate removal was achieved by repeated additions of ethanol. Thus, in order to ensure efficient biotransformation of RDX, nitrate removal must be complete, which requires an electron donor supply that exceeds the acceptor capacity of the nitrate.
An introduction to real-time graphical techniques for analyzing multivariate data

Abstract Orion I is a graphics system used to study applications of computer graphics - especially interactive motion graphics - in statistics. Orion I is the newest of a family of “Prim” systems, whose most striking common feature is the use of real-time motion graphics to display three dimensional scatterplots. Orion I differs from earlier Prim systems through the use of modern and relatively inexpensive raster graphics and microprocessor technology. It also delivers more computing power to its user; Orion I can perform more sophisticated real-time computations than were possible on previous such systems. We demonstrate some of Orion I's capabilities in our film: “Exploring data with Orion I”.
Calculation of intramolecular force fields from second‐derivative tensors

A practical procedure (FUERZA) to obtain internal force constants from Cartesian second derivatives (Hessians) is presented and discussed. It allows a systematic analysis of pair atomic interactions in a molecular system, and it is fully invariant to the choice of internal coordinates of the molecule. Force constants for bonds or for any pair of atoms in general are defined by means of the eigenanalysis of their pair interaction matrix. Force constants for the angles are obtained from their corresponding two-pair interaction matrices of the two bonds or distances forming the angle, and the dihedral force constants are similarly obtained using their corresponding three-pair interaction matrices. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal sequence estimation for convolutionally coded signals with binary digital modulation in ISI channels

Abstract Decoding convolutional codes with binary digital modulation in intersymbol interference (ISI) channels is studied. The receiver structure is a whitened matched filter (WMF) whose transfer function is determined by the ISI channel. Decoding of the output sequence can be performed in two steps or one step. The two-step decoding first decodes the ISI corrupted coded sequence back to the ISI free coded sequence which is then decoded back to the uncoded message sequence. For one-step decoding, the entire encoder-channel-receiver system is modeled as a new encoder with combined memory length of the memory lengths of the original encoder and the channel, and followed by a weighted summation mapping from the binary symbols to real number symbols. The weighting coefficients are determined by the channel characteristic. In both two-step and one-step decoding, the Viterbi algorithm (VA) is used to perform the maximum likelihood decoding. Decoding error probability and complexity of both methods are analyzed, simulated and compared.
Treating International Institutions as Social Environments

Socialization theory is a neglected source of explanations for cooperation in international relations. Neorealism treats socialization (or selection, more properly) as a process by which autistic non-balancers are weeded out of the anarchical international system. Contractual institutionalists ignore or downplay the possibilities of socialization in international institutions in part because of the difficulties in observing changes in interests and preferences. For constructivists socialization is a central concept. But to date it has been undertheorized, or more precisely, the microprocesses of socialization have been generally left unexamined. This article focuses on two basic microprocesses in socialization theory—persuasion and social influence—and develops propositions about the social conditions under which one might expect to observe cooperation in institutions. Socialization theories pose questions for both the structural-functional foundations of contractual institutionalist hypotheses about institutional design and cooperation, and notions of optimal group size for collective action.
RACIALIZATION AND RESISTANCE IN FRANCE: POSTCOLONIAL MIGRANTS, BESIEGED CITYSCAPES, AND EMERGENT SOLIDARITIES

This article assesses the historical trajectory of legal and political campaigns to regulate the flow of newcomers to France. A republican-nationalist consensus against cultural expressions of ethnicity or difference has progressed in unison with the devastation of the urban and industrial landscape that characterized postwar French society for three decades. The stigmatization of African and Southwest Asian immigrants is often cast in a neocolonial rhetoric of integration or assimilation; the historical defense of France's civilizing mission, and its reified national past, are employed as exclusionary, racialized representations of “barbarians at the gates.” It is argued here that the political economy of immigration in recent decades belies the assumptions upon which such views rest. The growing resistance of youths in the banlieues (working-class suburbs) and sans-papiers (undocumented foreigners) illustrates that nativism, xenophobia, and their underlying economic rationalizations, while hegemonic, have not gone unchallenged.
Synergistic effect of TPA and T-cell mitogens in nonmammalian vertebrates

The phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used as a comitogen with the plant lectins phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) in short-term cultures of whole blood from nonmammalian vertebrates. Stimulation with TPA in addition to standard mitogens resulted in a synergistic effect, consistently yielding more metaphases than cultures stimulated with either PHA, ConA, or TPA alone and is successful with blood samples as small as 0.1 ml. The increased mitotic index makes it possible to use different banding procedures for systematic studies. Also, because the amount of blood needed is so small, this procedure, unlike other published techniques, does not require the destruction of smaller animals to do chromosome studies.
New technologies for integrating genomic, environmental and trait data.

Rare diseases, which (by definition) occur at a frequency less than 1/2000 per allele – are individually rare, yet common collectively (10% affected and 50% carrier rates). There are 1800 genes which have tests considered highly predictive and actionable. Human genes with known variants causing insomnia, narcolepsy, and circadian variation include Prion Protein Fatal Familial Insomnia (PRNP), hypocretin (HCRT), DQ beta 1 (DQB1), and period circadian protein homolog (PER2). We have developed human genome sequencing technology that lowered costs a million-fold over the past 6 yr. This has increasingly enabled the use of the causative alleles above, which are far more valuable than merely correlated or common variants. To expand this further we have established community resources for open access collection, integration and interpretation of diverse personal genomic, environmental and trait data evidence.personalgenomes.org) Citation: Church GM. New technologies for integrating genomic, environmental and trait data. J Clin Sleep Med 2011;7(5):Supplement S43–S44.
Synapse-to-synapse variation in mean synaptic vesicle size and its relationship with synaptic morphology and function.

Synaptic vesicle (SV) size is one parameter that controls the amount of neurotransmitter released from individual SVs and, therefore, is fundamental to our understanding of synaptic function. The recently discovered variability of mean SV size among excitatory hippocampal synapses—if actively regulated—is a potential mechanism for the regulation of transmitter release. Here, we investigated which parameters influence mean SV size. First, we revealed that synapse-to-synapse variability of SV size is a general phenomenon in several species and brain regions. In addition, we determined the relationship between mean SV size and synaptic morphology. In three-dimensional reconstructions from serial ultrathin sections, we found that SV size did not correlate with the area of the postsynaptic density (a measure for synaptic size and synaptic cleft volume) nor with the total number of SVs within a bouton or bouton volume. We tested the long-held hypothesis that a change in osmotic pressure (potentially caused by a change in neurotransmitter concentration) affects SV size. When we reduced the osmotic pressure, SVs became significantly smaller; however, an increase in osmotic pressure had no effect on SV size. Furthermore, we found that SV size does not adapt to chronic changes in activity and that the SV cycle is capable of providing constant SV size during long-lasting, high-frequency stimulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:343–352, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Self-statements and self-evaluations: A cognitive-response analysis of heterosocial anxiety.

In the present investigation, an inductive measurement technique was employed to test some of the shared assertions made by theories of emotional behavior and behavior change. Specifically, the effects of heterosocial anxiety and anonymity on self-statements and self-evaluation by men were investigated. It was found that the anticipation of a discussion with an unfamiliar woman resulted in (a) the spontaneous generation of more negative self-statements and self-evaluation by high than by low heterosocially anxious men, (b) high and low heterosocially anxious men emitting their self-statements, which were clearly distinguishable; and (c) the anonymity of the impending discussion affecting neither the self-statements nor the self-evaluation of high and low heterosocially anxious men. These results provide evidence that an individual's idiosyncratic cognitive responses can be assessed objectively and easily, and that the nature of the self-statements is affected by individual differences even though the individuals involved may be unaware of these effects.
Oxygen-Rich Oxidase Enzyme Electrodes for Operation in Oxygen-Free Solutions

The oxygen dependence of oxidase enzyme electrodes is successfully addressed through the use of carbon paste biosensors with fluorocarbon pasting liquids. Due to the high oxygen solubility in perfl...
How much do narcissists really like themselves? Using the bogus pipeline procedure to better understand the self-esteem of narcissists

Abstract Narcissism is considered to be a pathological form of self-love but the extent to which narcissists actually like themselves is unclear. The present study utilized the bogus pipeline technique in order to examine how narcissists actually feel about themselves. Participants were 71 women who completed measures of narcissism and self-esteem before responding to a self-esteem measure under either bogus pipeline or control conditions. Women with high levels of narcissism reported lower levels of self-esteem in the bogus pipeline condition than the control condition. This suggests that women with high levels of narcissism may not actually feel as good about themselves as they often claim.
Tachycardia-induced diastolic dysfunction and resting tone in myocardium from patients with a normal ejection fraction.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate tachycardia-induced relaxation abnormalities in myocardium from patients with a normal ejection fraction. Background Diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy are closely linked. Tachycardia can induce heart failure symptoms in otherwise asymptomatic patients. To study the effects of tachycardia on myocardial contractility and relaxation, we evaluated the effects of increasing pacing rates in myocardial biopsy samples obtained from patients with a normal ejection fraction. Methods LV biopsy samples were obtained during coronary bypass surgery. Myocardial strip preparations were electrically paced at rates from 60 to 180 beats/min. Diastolic resting tone was assessed by cross-bridge deactivation. Calcium transporting systems were functionally examined, and myofilament calcium sensitivity was studied. Results Incomplete relaxation developed in 7 preparations, with increased diastolic tension development at increasing pacing rates. This was absent in the remaining 7 preparations. Incomplete relaxation was found to be associated with increased LV mass and left atrial volume. Cross-bridge deactivation showed that these preparations also had a significant resting tone. Additional functional analyses suggest that incomplete relaxation is associated with disproportionately elevated cellular calcium loads due to a reduced sarcolemmal calcium extrusion reserve. Conclusions Tachycardia-induced incomplete relaxation was associated with increased LV mass and left atrial volumes. We also found a disproportionately increased calcium load at high rates and a substantial resting tone due to diastolic cross-bridge cycling. These observations may play a role in reduced exercise tolerance and tachycardia-induced diastolic dysfunction.
APPROXIMATE BOOTSTRAP TECHNIQUE

A "degenerate kernel" approximation technique is suggested for many-channel bootstrap problems. The approximation method reduces the solution of the matrix $N{D}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ integral equations to algebra and is especially suited for problems with complicated self-consistency constraints. It further avoids the substraction-point dependence and lack of symmetry of the conventional "determinantal" approximation to the scattering matrix. The method is applied to the single-channel vector-meson bootstrap problem; the self-consistent solutions are discussed. Finally, it is shown that the scattering matrix obtained from the once substracted matrix $N{D}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ integral-equation formalism is both symmetric and independent of the subtraction point.
STUDIES IN BLOOD COAGULATION : I. CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF COAGULATION AND THEIR MEASUREMENT.

The gross phenomena of normal blood coagulation have been studied for the purpose of obtaining methods for estimating certain characteristics of coagulation in connection with a malignant tumor of the rabbit. The technique is described for the estimation of clot formation rate and of clot retraction rate and extent. The range of normal and abnormal values secured by these procedures is given.
‘Joe everyday, people off the street’: a qualitative study on mediators’ roles and skills in victim–offender mediation

This qualitative study examined multiple perspectives of participants who experienced a Victim–Offender Mediation (VOM) program in a Midwestern city in the United States. Of particular interest are the roles and skills of mediators. Data consisted of 34 face‐to‐face interviews with 37 participants including adult crime victims, juvenile offenders and their parents, mediators and representatives from referring agencies. Insider perspectives regarding the roles and skills of the mediators in restorative processes were revealed through personal stories. Although the majority of the participants reported that the roles and skills of mediators were consistent with restorative justice principles, this exploratory study also revealed that some roles and skills exhibited by mediators were inconsistent with restorative justice values, which shows the variance of ‘real world’ restorative justice. Recommendations are made to promote mediators’ roles and skills that are compatible with restorative justice principles.
The mast cell and allergic diseases: role in pathogenesis and implications for therapy

Mast cells have long been recognized for their role in the genesis of allergic inflammation; and more recently for their participation in innate and acquired immune responses. Mast cells reside within tissues including the skin and mucosal membranes, which interface with the external environment; as well as being found within vascularized tissues next to nerves, blood vessels and glandular structures. Mast cells have the capability of reacting both within minutes and over hours to specific stimuli, with local and systemic effects. Mast cells express the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) and upon aggregation of FcepsilonRI by allergen-specific IgE, mast cells release and generate biologically active preformed and newly synthesized mediators which are involved in many aspects of allergic inflammation. While mast cells have been well documented to be essential for acute allergic reactions, more recently the importance of mast cells in reacting through pattern recognition receptors in innate immune responses has become recognized. Moreover, as our molecular understanding of the mast cell has evolved, novel targets for modulation have been identified with promising therapeutic potential.