cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on NG-methylarginine derivatives in myelin basic protein from developing and mutant mouse brain

The amounts of NG-methylarginine derivatives in myelin basic protein (MBP) purified from dysmyelinating mutant and different stages of normal myelinating mouse brains have been studied by using h.p.l.c. with a highly sensitive post-column o-phthaldialdehyde derivative-formation method. All three naturally occurring derivatives (NG-monomethylarginine (MeArg), NGN'G-dimethylarginine [Me2(sym)Arg] and NGNG-dimethylarginine [Me2(asym)Arg]) were found in MBP; however, their relative concentrations varied significantly with the age of the animal. The amounts of MeArg and Me2(sym)Arg in MBP increased as a function of the age of the brain, whereas that of Me2(asym)Arg decreased. MBP from early-myelinating mouse brain was shown to contain a high proportion of Me2(asym)Arg, which was hardly detectable in older brain MBP. This derivative, Me2(asym)Arg, was also absent from MBP embedded in the most compact multilamellar myelin, but was present in MBP in the least compact myelin (P3B). Comparing the extent of total methylation in vivo (sum of all three arginine derivatives), MBP extracted from less-compact myelin (P3A and P3B) showed a level approx. 40% higher than that from compact myelin. MBPs isolated from dysmyelinating mutant mouse brains, such as jimpy (jp/y) and quaking (qk/qk), contained a much higher level of Me2(asym)Arg relative to the other two methyl derivatives and also in comparison with those levels in the mother brain MBP. SDS/PAGE analysis of MBPs extracted from the mutant (both jp/y and qk/qk) as well as young normal (6-13 days old) mouse brains indicated the presence of a high-molecular-mass isoform of MBP (about 32 kDa), but this isoform was not found in adult brains. These results therefore indicate that structural integrity of myelin membrane in which MBP is embedded appears to play a pivotal role in determining the extent and the kind of Me2Arg formation in MBP at the post-translational level.
The cluster basis $\mathbb{Z}[x_{1,1},…,x_{3,3}]

We show that the set of cluster monomials for the cluster algebra of type $D_4$ contains a basis of the $\mathbb{Z}$-module $\mathbb{Z}[x_{1,1},\ldots ,x_{3,3}]$. We also show that the transition matrices relating this cluster basis to the natural and the dual canonical bases are unitriangular and nonnegative. These results support a conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky on the equality of the cluster and dual canonical bases. In the event that this conjectured equality is true, our results also imply an explicit factorization of each dual canonical basis element as a product of cluster variables.
Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Cancers — A Viable Solution to Overtreatment?

The excellent prognosis associated with most low-risk cancers combined with the potential for avoiding treatment side effects make active surveillance a promising alternative to more intensive approaches. But achieving widespread adoption will require further work.
Optimal Design of a Resonance-Based Voltage Boosting Rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission

This paper presents the design procedure for a new multicycle resonance-based voltage boosting rectifier (MCRR) capable of delivering a desired amount of power to the load (PDL) at a designated high voltage through a loosely coupled inductive link. This is achieved by shorting the receiver (Rx) $LC\hbox{--}{\hbox{tank}}$ for several cycles to harvest and accumulate the wireless energy in the RX inductor before boosting the voltage by breaking the loop and transferring the energy to the load in a quarter cycle. By optimizing the geometries of the transmitter (Tx) and Rx coils and the number of cycles, $N$ , for energy harvesting, through an iterative design procedure, the MCRR can achieve the highest PDL under a given set of design constraints. Governing equations in the MCRR operation are derived to identify key specifications and the design guidelines. Using an exemplary set of specs, the optimized MCRR was able to generate 20.9 $V_{{\rm{dc}}}$ across a 100 kΩ load from $\text{1.8}\,V_{p}$ , 6.78-MHz sinusoid input in the industrial-scientific-medical-band at a Tx/Rx coil separation of 1.3 cm, power transfer efficiency of 2.2%, and $N=9$ cycles. At the same coil distance and loading, coils optimized for a conventional half-wave rectifier were able to reach only 13.6 $V_{{\rm{dc}}}$ from the same source.
Detection and characterization of an H4N6 avian-lineage influenza A virus in pigs in the Midwestern United States

H4Nx viruses were reported in swine in Canada and China, but had not been recognized in swine in the USA. In late 2015, an avian-origin H4N6 influenza A virus was isolated from pigs in the United States during a routine diagnostic investigation of clinical respiratory disease in the herd. Serological analysis from additional pigs at the farm and other pigs within the swine production system indicated that the virus did not efficiently transmit from pig-to-pig and the mode of transmission to swine could not be determined. The isolate was characterized at the molecular level and the pathogenesis and transmission was experimentally evaluated in pigs. Although the virus replicated in the lungs of pigs and caused mild pulmonary lesions, there was no evidence of replication in the upper respiratory tract or transmission to indirect contacts, supporting the findings on the farm.
All the feels: designing a tool that reveals streamers' biometrics to spectators

In this paper, we present All the Feels, a tool that provides an overlay of biometric and webcam-derived data onto the interface of the popular video game streaming service, Twitch. This overlay provides visualization of heart rate, skin conductance, and facial emotion recognition. It is intended to enhance the spectator experience and improve streamer-spectator connection. We present results of a preliminary study investigating spectator reactions to the introduction of this tool, via a live test with a streamer. Analysis of the stream combined with survey responses from 17 spectators indicates enhanced enjoyment of the stream, and suggests that spectators may feel more connected to the streamer. This work opens up opportunities to improve stream quality and spectator engagement through the introduction of an interface that includes biometric signals.
Review: Grasshopper Algorithmic Modeling for Rhinoceros 5

Grasshopper Algorithmic Modeling for Rhinoceros 5 http://www.grasshopper3d.com It is only since the nineteenth century that we have been able to speak of Western architectural history and design as clearly separate disciplines. To make this distinction, we have had to draw clear borders between the disciplines’ respective methods and practices. This has not always been easy. Historians have long used the tools of design—such as plans, elevations, and diagrams—as part of their analytical tool kit, while architects have used the tropes and techniques of historical formal analysis through diagrams as a projective act of design in its own right. Sometimes the distinction collapses completely. When Rudolf Wittkower published his famous eleven diagrams of known Palladian villas, he included an additional one titled “Geometric Pattern of Palladio's Villas.”1 While each of the eleven original diagrams was congruent with the building plan on which it was based—as if it had been traced—the additional diagram depicted a set of idealized geometric relationships that did not correspond to the footprint of any one villa. This twelfth diagram, freed as it was from reference to a specific historical object, uncomfortably blurred the distinction between historical analysis and design proposition. To complicate this distinction further, architects have sometimes used formal diagrammatic analysis as a generative design method. Peter Eisenman, for example, has used a derivative of Wittkower's twelfth diagram as the starting point for rule-based formal development of a series of houses.2 More recently, architects grappling with a range of new digital tools and techniques have returned to history as a means of grounding their work within the core of the discipline through the digitally mediated formal analysis of precedents. Their tools—primarily the application of computer-aided design and scripting—along with the methods by which they are applied ask us to rethink the role of history in architectural production and offer new techniques …
A 65nm 376nA 0.4V linear classifier using time-based matrix-multiplying ADC with non-linearity aware training

A 6-bit time-based folding matrix multiplication technique for support vector machine (SVM) classification is proposed. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs in-situ matrix multiplications (MM) along with analog to digital conversion. It also offers a low supply voltage of operation (down to 0.4V) and an input range of 0.8V, drawing a total of 376nA of current. We propose a technique to extend the input range of the VCO based ADC using a folding technique. The classifier is trained considering the non-linearity of the VCO, which results in 5X lower power at iso-accuracy. An accuracy of 93% is achieved with adaboost at the digital back-end with linear SVM as the weak classifier.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula: Where Does It Fit?

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is being examined as an alternative to standard oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in critically ill patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and in mechanically ventilated patients at risk for re-intubation. A number of physiological
On being informed you are HIV positive: experiences of Navy service members

This study addressed the experience of being told that one has become infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while serving in the United States Navy. Responses to a questionnaire, administered to 150 HIV-positive service members, indicated that feelings of fear, shock, disbelief, and embarrassment were experienced by study participants upon learning of their HIV-positive status. The manner in which their HIV diagnosis was disclosed was generally viewed in favorable terms and more so in recent years relative to the earliest days of the Navy's HIV program. Having a medical officer as a disclosing official was associated with more negative experiences than was the case for other categories of disclosing officials. Lastly, post-disclosure events were often excessively stressful, and no improvement in this regard over 6 years of the Navy's HIV program was evident.
Health Issues of the UN Millennium Development Goals

At the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2001, heads of states endorsed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015, of which nearly half concern health: eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. While some goals have been met, for example, the poorest quintile of the population within countries is on target to reach the nutrition goal, the child mortality goal is unlikely to be achieved in most low-income countries. All countries can make progress: the ability to scale up by 2015 will depend on a combination of sound policies and additional funding.
Structural Insights into Estrogen Receptors and Antiestrogen Therapies

The differential impact of distinct antiestrogens (AEs) is the result of varying structural perturbations they confer to estrogen receptors (ERs) when these small-molecule synthetic compounds compete with endogenous hormones, such as 17β-estradiol. These structural changes translate to altered ability of ERs to conscript cofactors and consequently alter the transcription of their target genes. AEs, depending on the mechanism of action, are classified as either selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which display tamoxifen-like partial agonism, or as selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) that confer structurally induced posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that destine these receptors for proteosomal degradation. The conformational plasticity of the ER helix 12 (H12) and how its dynamics and conformational sampling is altered by different AEs are crucial to cofactor recruitment and selectivity, translating to varying degrees of receptor modulation and downstream functional effects. Dissecting these conformational state fluctuations within the context of variable cofactor profiles in different tissues, PTM induction, and emergence of hormonal treatment-related resistance mutations in ERs could lead to improved design of novel therapeutic molecules for breast cancer.
On the role of N-vinylpyrrolidone in the aqueous radical-initiated copolymerization with PEGDA mediated by eosin Y in the presence of O2

The photochemistry of eosin Y has attracted attention for its role in visible-light induced polymerization reactions that proceed in the presence of ambient oxygen to form various macromolecular architectures that are useful for a wide range of applications, including biosensing and drug delivery. N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) has been employed as a comonomer in the eosin-mediated synthesis of hydrogels with polyethylene glycol (PEG) based multifunctional monomers to aid in reducing oxygen inhibition and enhancing the rate of radical polymerization and the final conversion. However, the mechanism by which NVP reduces the oxygen inhibition time (tinh) remains unclear. Additionally, no investigations were found on the integration of NVP into the radical-generating photocatalytic mechanism of eosin Y. Towards a better understanding of eosin-mediated synthesis of PEG-based hydrogels, we analyzed the effect of NVP on the steady-state kinetics of the aqueous NVP/PEG-diacrylate copolymerization reaction. In this case, the reduction in tinh is lower than that reported for copolymerization with neat (meth)acrylate monomers. We propose the formation of a ground-state complex between eosin and NVP as the main reason for the reduction in oxygen inhibition and contrast it with previous theories. In addition, we discuss the role of this eosin/NVP complex and cross-propagation kinetics to explain the ∼70% increase in the initial rate of polymerization upon addition of NVP. The effect of cross-propagation kinetics is enhanced at the later stages, leading to a 10% increase in final vinyl conversion in this relatively mobile network. By analyzing the change in the scaling of the eosin decay coefficient as a function of light intensity during and after oxygen inhibition, we then link eosin inactivation to radical termination kinetics. Finally, we discuss the role of radical recombination between semireduced eosin and the propagating radicals as an additional eosin inactivation route by which leuco-eosin ends tethered to the network. These insights contribute to a thorough understanding of visible-light activated polymerization in the presence of oxygen and of the role of NVP in eosin-mediated radical production.
Measurement and modeling of hydrogen molecule ro-vibrational accommodation on E-294 polycrystalline graphite

The loss rate of H2 and D2 internal ro-vibrational energy in collisions with an E-294 polycrystalline graphite surface is measured in a plasma-free environment. Accommodation coefficients are found to be approximately 0.01–0.2 for vibrational energy and somewhat larger, 0.05–0.2 for rotational energy, with a slight increasing trend seen with increasing surface temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations of the experiment give a total ro-vibrational accommodation rate of order 0.1, which is consistent with the data at higher surface temperatures.
Probabilistic decision-support framework for community resilience: Incorporating multi-hazards, infrastructure interdependencies, and resilience goals in a Bayesian network

Abstract A probabilistic decision support framework is developed in this study for community resilience planning under multiple hazards using performance goals based guidelines such as the Oregon Resilience Plan and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Community Resilience Planning Guide. Herein, resilience of community infrastructure systems is defined as the joint probability of achieving robustness and rapidity based performance goals, which is quantified using Bayesian networks. The framework assesses the effects of decision support options such as selection of hazards, resilience goals, and mitigation (ex-ante) and response (ex-post) strategies to identify measures that can improve infrastructure performance to meet community defined resilience goals. This framework is applied for resilience assessment of building, transportation, water, and electric power infrastructure systems in Seaside, Oregon, under combined earthquake ground shaking and tsunami inundation hazards corresponding to different return periods. Uncertainties in damage, restoration, and economic losses are explicitly considered and propagated in the framework using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The MCS results are then used to inform the Bayesian network, which evaluates the joint resilience of infrastructure systems in Seaside. Results highlight the impact of considering different performance goals, introduction of ex-ante and ex-post measures, and interdependencies between various infrastructure systems on infrastructure resilience.
A People at War: Civilians and Soldiers in America's Civil War, 1854–1877

Review of: "A People at War: Civilians and Soldiers in America's Civil War, 1854–1877," by Scott Nelson and Carol Sheriff.
Best practices and lessons learned in academic progression in nursing: A scoping review.

Abstract Background The movement to advance academic preparation of entry-level nurses to the baccalaureate degree across the United States (U.S.) prompted the emergence of collaborative academic progression models. Since the National Academy of Medicine's (2010) call to action, nine states responded with academic progression collaboration models of nursing education to address the nursing shortage and prepare nurses for the increase in healthcare complexity. Purpose The purpose of this scoping review is to examine key features including best practices and lessons learned of academic progression initiatives in nine states: California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Montana, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Texas, and Washington. States that established academic progression models later are also included in this review. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) procedures for scoping review were implemented to synthesize literature from multiple relevant sources including peer-reviewed journals and gray literature. Results Best practices of academic progression models include local collaboration between academic institutions and program policy such as articulation agreements, seamless progression, and course transfer. Lessons learned include dissonance in faculty advising, employer support, and a paucity of data for robust program evaluation. Conclusions Academic progression models that not only remove barriers for students to attain the BSN degree but also facilitate collaboration and innovative learning demonstrate success in promoting meaningful academic progression and education mobility.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Unstabilized Cyclic Iminium Ions

An enantioselective copper-catalyzed alkynylation of unstabilized cyclic iminium ions has been developed. Whereas such alkynylations typically utilize pyridinium, quinolinium, and isoquinolinium in...
DP-Coloring Cartesian Products of Graphs

DP-coloring (also called correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring introduced by Dvo\v{r}\'{a}k and Postle in 2015. Motivated by results related to list coloring Cartesian products of graphs, we initiate the study of the DP-chromatic number, $\chi_{DP}$, of the same. We show that $\chi_{DP}(G \square H) \leq \text{min}\{\chi_{DP}(G) + \text{col}(H), \chi_{DP}(H) + \text{col}(G) \} - 1$ where $\text{col}(H)$ is the coloring number of the graph $H$. We focus on building tools for lower bound arguments for $\chi_{DP}(G \square H)$ and use them to show the sharpness of the bound above and its various forms. Our results illustrate that the DP color function of $G$, the DP analogue of the chromatic polynomial, is essential in the study of the DP-chromatic number of the Cartesian product of graphs, including the following question that extends the sharpness problem above and the classical result on gap between list chromatic number and chromatic number: given any graph $G$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$, what is the smallest $t$ for which $\chi_{DP}(G \square K_{k,t})= \chi_{DP}(G) + k$?
The influence of the US News and World Report collegiate rankings on the matriculation decision of high-ability students: 1995–2004

The annual U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) Guide to America’s Best Colleges is a much anticipated magazine among both high-ability prospective students and college and university administrators. In this paper we use a decade of Colgate University Admitted Student Questionnaire surveys to estimate the influence of changes in a school’s USNWR rank on the probability of matriculation of high-ability students. We find that the school choice of students is more responsive to changes in rank the higher (better) a school is ranked. This sensitivity to rank is independent of other objective measures of quality. As a group, women (aided and fullpay) are slightly less sensitive to the rankings than men, minorities (full-pay) are less sensitive to the rankings than non-minorities, and the rankings themselves have become more important over time for aided students. In terms of financial factors, the net cost of attendance along with the packaging of the aid matters for aided students. Finally, merit aid in general does not appear to influence high-ability full-pay students. Our results suggest that it is rational for college administrators (especially those at the highest ranked institutions) to pay attention to their USNWR rank because it is an important influence in yielding accepted students.
Library technology consortia: case studies in design and cooperation

Peninsula libraries automated network - a case study, Lois M. Kershner Libraries Online, Inc. (LION) - a private consortium, William F. Edge "Centrally Isolated" - appropriate automation technology for a system of small, rural public libraries, Jerry Kuntz ILLINET online - fifteen years of automated resource sharing, Bernie Sloan the Kentucky library network, Charlene Davis et al the PICA library systems in the states of Niedersachsen and Sachsen-Anhalt (Federal Republic of Germany), Hartmut Zillmann blended in Scotland - the Scottish academic libraries bibliographic information network, Bruce Royan.
Polarization Modulation Spectroscopy

The transmission properties of samples or optical components may be represented by a 4x4 matrix which converts the Stokes vector of the incoming radiation to the Stokes vector of the transmitted radiation. Polarization modulation spectroscopy permits the observation of all the important optical elements. Measurement of the DC light intensity together with measurements at the modulation frequency and its first overtone provide the means for the selective measurement of different columns of the Mueller matrix of the sample. Rows are selected with auxiliary polarizers and retarders. In simple cases this permits the direct observation of linear dichroism, circular dichroism, optical rotation, linear birefringence, etc. In complex cases the observed matrix elements are complicated functions of all optical effects. Methods are discussed for the design of experiments for both the simple and complex optical systems, together with a discussion of the analysis of polarized light and the way in which the optical anisotropies of the instrument interact with those of the sample under investigation.
Symmetric Linear Systems

A major limitation to the use of helicopters in heavy construction has been that the masses that can be effectively and safely transported are restricted. One solution was the construction of the so-called heavy-lift helicopters. However it has been established that there are physical and economic limitations to the payload that can be transported. It has been proposed to circumvent this limitation by using multiple helicopters to move a single mass. The concept has been flight tested for two helicopters (twinlift) and the results were encouraging but showed that automatic control would be necessary to make the concept successful. In this paper the authors present some initial models and explore some of the control-theoretic problems inherent in the twinlift problem. A simplified linear model is examined, and it is shown that certain natural control schemes are not feasible, but that it is possible to control the linear model while preserving the essential characteristics of twinlift profile.
An improved phase clock generator for interleaved and double-sampled switched-capacitor circuits

A simple, yet effective, approach to the generation of switches' control signals to reduce timing-skew problems in interleaved and double-sampled switched-capacitor circuits is proposed. The new approach, unlike similar methods previously proposed, avoids the introduction of additional switches in the switched-capacitor circuits, at the cost of a minor increase of complexity in the clock phase generation. This has two main advantages. First, the performance degradation due to the additional switch is avoided. Second, it becomes extremely easy to build interleaved architectures combining preexisting analog blocks.
On Setting Prices and Testing Cross-Subsidy with Accounting Data

Regulators are often faced with the challenge of both setting efficient prices and avoiding cross subsidy. Successful implementation of these goals requires estimates of both marginal costs and incremental costs. We present a methodology for estimating both marginal and incremental costs for postal products. The proposed algorithms combine micro-unit accounting data and econometric estimation of the cost structure. We apply the methodology to the U.S. Postal Service and produce estimates of marginal and incremental costs for eighteen postal products and incremental costs for another four groups of products.
Divide and Compose: SCC Refinement for Language Emptiness

We propose a refinement approach to symbolic SCC analysis, which performs large parts of the computation on abstracted systems, and on small subsets of the state space. For language-emptiness checking, it quickly discards uninteresting parts of the state space; for the remaining states, it adapts the model checking computation to the strength of the SCCs at hand. We present a general framework for SCC refinement, which uses a compositional approach to generate and refine overapproximations. We show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the one of Emerson and Lei.
Multimedia Goes Beyond Content

In the early 2000s, the definition of multimedia expanded to include not only content but also context. Then, with the advent of social networks, connectivity was added. This 3C model of multimedia--including content, context, and connectivity--lets us process and understand multimedia in a new way.
Bacillus subtilis mutants defective in bacteriophage phi 29 head assembly.

Abstract Virus assembly mutants of asporogenous Bacillus subtilis defective in bacteriophage phi 29 head assembly were detected by the use of antibodies that reacted strongly with the free dodecameric phi 29 portal vertex composed of gene product 10 (gp10) but weakly with the portal vertex assembled into proheads or phage. Phage adsorption and the synthesis of phage proteins, DNA-gene product 3, and prohead RNA were normal in these mutants, but prohead and phage production was greatly reduced. The assembly defect was transferred to competent B. subtilis by transformation and transduction. PBS1 transduction showed that the vam locus was linked to Tn917 located at 317 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome.
A sparsified vector autoregressive model for short-term wind farm power forecasting

Short-term wind farm power forecasting is studied by exploiting the spatio-temporal correlation between individual turbine's power output. A multivariate time series model for wind farm power generation is developed by using vector autoregression (VAR). In order to avoid the possible over-fitting issues caused by a large number of autoregressive coefficients and the impact on the forecasting performance of VAR models, a sparsified autoregressive coefficient matrix is constructed by utilizing the information on wind direction, wind speed and wind farm's layout. Then, the VAR model parameters are obtained through maximum likelihood estimation of real-time measurement data, by taking into account the sparse structure of the autoregressive coefficient matrix. The proposed approach is compared with univariate autoregressive models through numerical experiments, resulting in significant improvement, which is attributed to the turbine-level correlation captured by the developed VAR model.
Folding models for elastic and inelastic scattering

The most widely used models are the optical model potential (OMP) for elastic scattering, and its generalization to non-spherical shapes, the deformed optical model potential (DOMP) for inelastic scattering. These models are simple and phenomenological; their parameters are adjusted so as to reproduce empirical data. Nonetheless, there are certain, not always well-defined, constraints to be imposed. The potential shapes and their parameter values must be reasonable and should vary in a smooth and systematic way with the masses of the colliding nuclei and their energy. One way of satisfying these constraints, without going back to a much more fundamental theory, is through the use of folding models. The basic justification for using potentials of the Woods-Saxon shape for nucleon-nucleus scattering, for example, is our knowledge that a nuclear density distribution is more-or-less constant in the nuclear interior with a diffuse surface. When this is folded with a short-range nucleon-nucleon interaction, the result is a similar shape with a more diffuse surface. Folding procedures allow us to incorporate many aspects of nuclear structure (although the nuclear size is one of the most important), as well as theoretical ideas about the effective interaction of two nucleons within nuclear matter. It also providesmore » us with a means of linking information obtained from nuclear (hadronic) interactions with that from other sources, as well as correlating that from the use of different hadronic probes. Folding model potentials, single-folded potentials, and the double-folding model including applications to heavy-ion scattering are discussed. (WHK)« less
Optimization of dense matrix multiplication on IBM cyclops-64: challenges and experiences

This paper presents a study of performance optimization of dense matrix multiplication on IBM Cyclops-64(C64) chip architecture. Although much has been published on how to optimize dense matrix applications on shared memory architecture with multi-level caches, little has been reported on the applicability of the existing methods to the new generation of multi-core architectures like C64. For such architectures a more economical use of on-chip storage resources appears to discourage the use of caches, while providing tremendous on-chip memory bandwidth per storage area. This paper presents an in-depth case study of a collection of well known optimization methods and tries to re-engineer them to address the new challenges and opportunities provided by this emerging class of multi-core chip architectures. Our study demonstrates that efficiently exploiting the memory hierarchy is the key to achieving good performance. The main contributions of this paper include: (a) identifying a set of key optimizations for C64-like architectures, and (b) exploring a practical order of the optimizations, which yields good performance for applications like matrix multiplication.
A study of strontium diffusion in K-feldspar, Na-K feldspar and anorthite using Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy

Abstract Sr chemical diffusion has been measured in orthoclase, anorthoclase and anorthite under dry, 1-atm conditions. A strontium oxide-aluminosilicate powder mixture was used as the source material, with Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) used to measure diffusion profiles. Over the temperature range 725–1075°C the following Arrhenius relations were obtained. Orthoclase (normal to (001)):D=5.97 × 10+0.0060−0.0030exp−67900 ± 1600RTcm 2 s −1 Measurements of diffusion perpendicular to (010) and (100) indicate little diffusional anisotropy in orthoclase. Anorthoclase: normal to (010): D=4.51 × 10 +1 +358−5.6exp−89100 ± 4800RT cm 2 s −1 normal to (001): D=2.25 × 10 +2 +1615−31exp − 89300 ± 4600RT cm 2 s −1 Anorthite (normal to (010)): D=3.85 × 10 −2 +0.380−0.0039 exp − 78800 ± 5400RT cm 2 s −1 The correlation of Sr uptake with a reduction of K and Ca in orthoclase and anorthite, respectively, indicates that Sr is exchanging with these species. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) measurements of Al in orthoclase suggests that the coupled exchange Sr 2+ + Al 3+ → K 1+ + Si 4+ is taking place, as expected. Sr closure temperatures for feldspars, calculated with the above parameters, are relatively high compared to those of some other minerals (e.g., biotite, muscovite, apatite). However, closure temperatures of feldspars may be significantly depressed if they are exsolved or twinned, leading to small effective diffusion lengths. Feldspar crystals of millimeter size should retain 87 /Sr 86 Sr ratios except when subjected to thermal events of extreme temperature or duration.
Measurement of the temperature-dependent optical constants of water ice in the 15-200 μm range

The real and imaginary refractive indices of water ice in the far infrared (IR) are used in the satellite interpretation of cloud properties as well as to obtain information on ice throughout the solar system. However, few measurements of these values exist. We have measured the real and imaginary refractive indices of water ice in the far IR every 10 deg over the temperature range of 106–176 K. Ice films ranging from 0 to 140 µm thick were grown by the condensation of water vapor onto a cold silicon substrate, and the film transmission was measured from 650 to 50 cm−1. The thickness of the ice films was determined using optical interference from a reflected He–Ne laser (λ = 623.8 nm). The optical constants were then determined by simultaneously fitting the calculated spectra of films of varying thickness to their respective measured transmission spectra with an iterative Kramers–Kronig technique. The results are compared with previously measured data and show large discrepancies at some wavelengths while good agreement exists at others. Possible reasons for the differences are discussed. Our data clearly distinguish crystalline and amorphous ice. In addition, we note a slight shoulder in our spectra, which can be used to distinguish between cubic and hexagonal ice, although this distinction is difficult.
ESTIMATING THE FLUX OF THE BRIGHTEST COSMIC-RAY SOURCE ABOVE 57 × 10 18 eV

The sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (CRs) are not yet known. However, the discovery of anisotropic CRs above 57 × 1018 eV by the Pierre Auger Observatory suggests that a direct source detection may soon be possible. The near-future prospects for such a measurement are heavily dependent on the flux of the brightest source. In this work, we show that the flux of the brightest source above 57 × 1018 eV is expected to comprise 10% or more of the total flux if two general conditions are true. The conditions are: (1) the source objects are associated with galaxies other than the Milky Way and its closest neighbors, and (2) the CR particles are protons or heavy nuclei such as iron and the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min effect is occurring. The Pierre Auger Observatory collects approximately 23 events above 57 × 1018 eV per year. Therefore, it is plausible that, over the course of several years, tens of CRs from a single source will be detected.
Cross‐Functional Business Programs: Critical Design and Development Considerations

Well‐documented corporate demands for crossfunctionally competent employees have instigated a wide variety of efforts by the educational community to integrate business curricula. Many colleges and universities struggle to functionally integrate business programs that historically have been delivered by well‐defined, and often well‐siloed, disciplines. Drawing from the numerous published and unpublished case studies of cross‐functional integration attempts, this study develops a framework of critical issues to consider when developing an integrated program. The framework develops five major categories of issues (strategic, leadership, administrative, faculty, and student) to help universities identify typical program decisions and potential roadblocks that may inhibit the development of a successful program.
The relationship between trait hostility and cardiovascular reactivity: A quantitative review and analysis.

Results of a series of meta-analyses indicated that high and low scorers on most trait hostility measures do not consistently differ in blood pressure or heart rate reactivity to traditional laboratory stressors. The few significant effects were modest in size, and instances of hyporeactivity were found. When stressors were classified as provocative versus nonprovocative, in accord with Trait x Situation approaches, however, Potential for Hostility-Interpersonal Style was predictive of exaggerated systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses and the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory was predictive of diastolic blood pressure responses to provocative stressors. Hence, the next generation of studies of the hostility-reactivity hypothesis should emphasize interpersonal stressors. Alternative mechanisms for the disease consequences of hostility should also be examined, however, because the available evidence indicates that the hyperreactivity hypothesis is unlikely to furnish a complete explanation for the association between hostility and heart disease.
SU-C-103-04: 3D Tumor Tracking On Vero

Purpose: The unique gimbal system of the BrainLAB Vero allows the treatment head to pivot in two dimensions for tumor tracking. In order to utilize this feature, it is crucial to directly monitor tumor motion during treatment. We present a 3D tumor motion monitoring method incorporating the orthogonal kV imaging subsystems on Vero. Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom was used in this study. A lung tumor and two BBs were driven in a regular 3D sine motion pattern using a programmable 4D motion platform. 4D CT scans were performed and the tumor was contoured at the end of inhale phase. Stereoscopic kV images were acquired at a rate of 5 fps. A spherical template was created to match the projections of BBs. Two sets of DRRs were created: one DRR set containing the tumor only and the other set containing the full anatomy without the tumor. They were combined to produce composite DRRs and their individual positions were optimized by comparing of the composite DRRs with acquired kV images. 3D tumor and BB positions were then determined from the results of stereo kV x-rays. Results: Dual orthogonal kV images were acquired with the MV beam at gantry angles of 0 and 45 degrees. This produced approximately 640 images with corresponding kV imaging angles of - 315, 45, 0, and 90 degrees. The tumor and the BBs were identified on every kV image. Both 2D and 3D positions were compared with the programmed positions. The maximum differences were 1 mm. Conclusion: The dual kV imaging systems on Vero, used in conjunction with our tumor tracking algorithm, are capable of marker or marker-less lung tumor tracking. This technique may be applied to track tumors in real-time to provide direct tumor motion information for compensation of tumor motion throughout the course of radiotherapy.
On nonlinear differential equations in Hilbert spaces

In a recent paper of the same title, L. A. Medeiros has considered the question of uniqueness for the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations in a complex Hilbert space. Section 1 contains a discussion of Medeiros' results, and provides a motivation for the improved uniqueness results in Section 2
A theoretical study of the complexes of N2O with H+, Li+, and HF using various correlation methods

Binding energies for complexes of N2O with the acids H+, Li+, and HF have been computed using the following correlation methods: many-body (Moller–Plesset) perturbation theory at second (MP2), third (MP3), and fourth (MP4) order; the “quadratic CI” method with single and double excitations (QCISD) and with noniterative inclusion of triple excitations (QCISD(T)); the linearized coupled-cluster method (LCCM); the averaged coupled-pair functional (ACPF); configuration interaction with all single and double excitations (CISD); and CISD with the Davidson and Pople corrections. The convergence of the Moller–Plesset expansion is erratic, predicting that the terminal nitrogen is the preferred binding site for the complexes at the MP2 and MP4 levels, in disagreement with Hartree–Fock and MP3 and all other models (including the infinite-order QCI). The effect of triple excitations at MP4 and QCI is to destabilize complexes bound at O and stabilize those bound at N, but this effect is greatly overestimated at MP4 relative to QCI. Except for the LCCM result for N-protonated N2O, ACPF and LCCM bindin energies are similar to the QCISD values. The size-consistency error in the ACPF binding energies of the complexes of N2O with HF is about 0.5 kcal/mol. The CISD size-consistency error for these complexes is 23 kcal/mol, leading to negative binding energies when computed relative to isolated N2O and HF. The Davidson correction reduces the size-consistency error but still leaves the binding energies negative. The Pople correction produces positive but too small binding energies. However, all methods give consistenly good, essentially indistinguishable binding energies when computed relative to a similar calculation on a supermolecule of infinitely separated N2O and HF units. Multireference ACPF and CISD binding energies have also been obtained using MCSCF reference functions which correlate the highest occupied and lowest virtual pairs of π orbitals. The multireference binding energies are not greatly different from the single-reference values, and do not reverse the negative binding energies of the complexes with HF at the CISD level when computed relative to isolated molecules. When calculated relative to the infinitely separated supermolecule, the multireference binding energies of these complexes are virtually identical to the corresponding single-reference values.
Correction to “A Geometric Interpretation of Fading in Wireless Networks: Theory and Applications” [Dec 08 5500-5510]

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol 54, no. 12, pp. 5500-5510, Dec 08), the table containing the list of symbols was corrupted during the publication process. The proper symbol table is presented here.
Finnish incomes policy: Unions and other constraints

This paper charts the evolution of incomes policy in Finland. Especial emphasis is placed on the constraints on incomes policy that have operated here, as indeed in other Nordic countries, ultimately to curb the corporatist experiment.
Trends and predictors in methadone maintenance treatment dropout in Shanghai, China: 2005-2011.

AbstractBackground:The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program has been implemented in Shanghai since 2005. This study aims to portray the trend of MMT dropout and identify predictive factors that may influence dropout in Shanghai MMT clinics, which could assist in the intervention strategy development.Methods:A retrospective evaluation was used in the Shanghai component of the National MMT data management system between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2011. The Cox model for recurrence events was employed to estimate hazard ratio (HR) predicting dropout during the follow-up period.Results:Of all 6169 participants, 63% dropped out of the program at least once (ranging from 0 to 10 times), and 74% of them did not return by the end of this study. The average monthly incidence rate of dropout was 4.4% with a range from 0 to 9.3%. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that the individuals with methadone tapering didn’t have a greater probability of dropping out compared to those with stable dosage (HR = 1.07,...
Ayatollah Khamenei's Foreign Policy Orientation

This article analyzes the beliefs and patterns of behavior of Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in regards to the nature of politics, political conflicts, and the role of agency in shaping events, strategy, and tactics. To do so, it discusses Khamenei's personal background, ideological formation, personality, and foreign policy statements.
Long-time-scale simulation of resonant particle effects in langmuir and whistler waves

The time scale of conventional particle simulation methods is limited by electron dynamics to time steps Δt which satisfy the conditions ωpΔt « 1, gWΔt « 1 and kmaxvmaxΔt « 1, where ωp is the electron plasma frequency, Ω is the electron cyclotron frequency, kmax is the largest wavenumber and νmax is the maximum electron velocity considered in the computations. We present in this paper a one-dimensional particle-pushing algorithm in which particles are advanced, during each time step, along trajectories which are first-order in the field amplitudes. In this algorithm the time step is limited by the nonlinearities and inhomogeneities and must satisfy the conditions ωtΔt «1, and κvmaxΔt « 1, where ωt (« ωp, Ωis the electron trapping frequency and κ (« kmax) is the inverse characteristic length of the inhomogeneities. Two versions of the algorithm, corresponding to Langmuir and whistler waves are given. This algorithm is applicable to problems in which the plasma may be considered to consist of a dense cold component and of a sparse energetic component, such as occur in plasma-beam interactions and in magnetospheric studies. Wave propagation in the cold plasma may then be represented by a fluid model, while resonant wave-particle interactions in the energetic plasma are computed using the present long-time-scale algorithm. Tests of the accuracy of the algorithm and examples of applications to Langmuir and whistler waves are presented.
Long-term remission of schizophrenia in an adolescent treated with quetiapine.

The novel antipsychotic quetiapine has recently been reported to be a safe and effective treatment for adolescent psychosis in an open trial. However, there are currently no published data on its long-term tolerability and effectiveness. This report describes the successful longterm treatment of a 14-year-old girl diagnosed with schizophrenia. Continued improvement in positive symptoms was evident as long as 8 months into the treatment, and negative symptoms were still improving at 18 months. At 28 months of treatment, there were no apparent adverse effects. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine if the findings in this case can be generalized.