cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) implementation of the Virtual Lifetime Electronic Record (VLER): Findings and lessons learned from Health Information Exchange at 12 sites

Abstract Purpose We describe the Department of Veterans Affairs' (VA) Virtual Lifetime Health Electronic Record (VLER) pilot phase in 12 communities to exchange health information with private sector health care organizations and the Department of Defense (DoD), key findings, lessons, and implications for advancing Health Information Exchanges (HIE), nationally. Methods A mixed methods approach was used to monitor and evaluate the status of VLER Health Exchange pilot phase implementation from December 2009 through October 2012. Selected accomplishments, contributions, challenges, and early lessons that are relevant to the growth of nationwide HIE are discussed. Results Veteran patient and provider acceptance, trust, and perceived value of VLER Health Exchange are found to be high, and usage by providers is steadily growing. Challenges and opportunities to improve provider use are identified, such as better data quality and integration with workflow. Key findings and lessons for advancing HIE are identified. Conclusions VLER Health Exchange has made great strides in advancing HIE nationally by addressing important technical and policy issues that have impeded scalability, and by increasing trust and confidence in the value and accuracy of HIE among users. VLER Health Exchange has advanced HIE interoperability standards and patient consent policies nationally. Policy, programmatic, technology, and health Information Technology (IT) standards implications to advance HIE for improved delivery and coordination of health care are discussed. The pilot phase success led to VA-wide deployment of this data sharing capability in 2013.
Expression of the Skate (Raja erinacea) AE1 Osmolyte Channel in Xenopus laevis Oocytes: Monovalent Cation Permeability

The aim of this study was to express the cloned skate anion exchanger 1 (skAE1) in Xenopus oocytes and determine whether the differences in monovalent cation permeabilities in hypotonically stimulated skate and trout erythrocytes could be due to differences in the presence or absence of intracellular channel regulators between the two species or in the intrinsic permeability properties of the channels themselves. The expressed protein (skAE1) was inserted into the oocyte cell membrane and facilitated both Cl− exchange and taurine transport. Expression of skAE1 in oocytes showed similar monovalent cation permeabilities as previously reported for skate erythrocytes and different from both trout erythrocytes and trAE1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These results show that the skAE1 expressed in oocytes functions in a manner similar to that of the osmolyte channel in hypotonically activated skate erythrocytes and supports the hypothesis that differences in the monovalent cation permeabilities of the osmolyte channels in skate and trout RBCs resides in the differences in permeability properties of the channels between the two species.
Neuropharmacology and genetics of kdr-type resistance in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.)

Abstract The biochemistry and genetics of kdr-type resistance in the Ectiban-R strain of German cockroach were studied to provide information on the molecular basis of this resistance and to allow for more detailed comparison to the well-studied kdr mechanism in house files. The kdr-type resistance in Ectiban-R is autosomal, incompletely recessive, probably monofactorial, and may be different from the mechanism responsible for resistance to pyrethrins in other cockroach strains. Ectiban-R was cross-resistant to bioallethrin (48-fold), deltamethrin (17-fold), fenvalerate (59-fold), aconitine (16-fold), batrachotoxin (8.7-fold), and verapamil (5.4-fold), but not to other sodium channel drugs. Using [3H]saxitoxin as a probe of the sodium channel we found no difference in binding affinity or number of binding sites per head (or per mg protein) between resistant and susceptible strains. Our results suggest that the sodium channels of kdr-type-resistant German cockroaches are qualitatively different than those of the susceptible strain.
The ‘duties of water’ with respect to planting: toward an ethics of irrigated landscapes

The ethical dimensions of irrigation in landscape planning and design are examined. After introducing the historic ‘duty of water’ standard for irrigation use, four major extensions of that concept are discussed: 1) the duty to start watering (reclamation ethic); 2) the duty to reduce watering (conservation ethic); 3) the duty to stop watering (ecological ethic); and 4) the duty to continue watering (planting ethic). No one of these duties universally overrides the others. They need to be critically examined and coordinated with one another in irrigated landscapes. The final section of the paper outlines a pragmatic path toward an ethics of irrigation in landscape planning and design.
Evaluation of competing tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, part I

Tests for pulmonary embolism (PE) and its most frequent source, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), include angiography, ventilation-perfusion nuclear medicine scans, venous sonography with Doppler, and contrast and radionuclide leg venography. Although selective angiography is the definitive procedure for the diagnosis of PE, the associated risk of death, although small, as well as the morbidity associated with injection of contrast agents, are high enough that alternative, less accurate, but safer diagnostic procedures are performed in an attempt to avoid the higher-risk procedure. Effective cost (EC) of each test represents the dollars spent per unit of diagnostic information and is defined as the ratio of the expected direct cost (EDC) of the test to its diagnostic performance (DU). EDC includes the base cost or charge of the test and the estimated cost of the morbidity and mortality that can be incurred in performing the test, while DU is determined from the test sensitivity and specificity. With the lowest EC as the selection criterion for the best test and representative costs, sensitivity, specificity, and morbidity and mortality rates, five different tests for PE or DVT were compared. Doppler sonography yielded the most diagnostic information per dollar spent, as its EC was the lowest, primarily because its base cost was low compared to that of the other tests. Radionuclide leg venography had the second lowest EC. Selection among the remaining three tests depended on the prevalence of PE and morbidity and mortality costs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-temperature study of radical cations of quadricyclane and norbornadiene in Na-ZSM-5 zeolites

Abstract We have observed quadricyclane and norbornadiene radical cations in different pentasil type zeolites by EPR spectroscopy after 4 K in situ electron beam irradiation of samples in the EPR spectrometer. We report the first evidence for matrix isolation of the quadricyclane radical cation. It is stable in polar Na-ZSM-5 zeolites below 20–30 K. Formation of the bicyclo [3.2.0]-hepta-2, 6-diene radical cation is observed in both quadricyclane- and norbornadiene-loaded zeolites. The onset temperature for the formation of the bicyclo [3.2.0] hepta-2, 6-diene radical cation depends on the substrate concentration and zeolite polarity and was as low as 30 K in polar zeolites when the substrate concentration was high.
Real-time space-stabilized digital gimbal

Advances in electronics, specifically in the area of digital video processing, have opened the door to many new solutions to old problems. Visually coupled systems using Helmet Mounted Displays have been used for years as an aid to pilot vision. These functions are generally accomplished using a helmet display, head tracker and a mechanically gimbaled sensing system. Although this system has proven to be one effective solution in achieving a wide field of regard with a smaller displayed field of view, it has its limitations and drawbacks. A solid state digital gimbaled system has been developed and flight tested as part of a joint study conducted by McDonnell Douglas and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This paper will discuss advantages and limitations of digital gimbal systems.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scientific advances enabling next generation management of corrosion induced fatigue

Abstract Recent work on microstructure-scale crack propagation from corrosion damage on a 7000-series alloy in realistic airframe environments is reviewed and its pertinence to airframe prognosis established. The impact of corrosion damage can be accurately modeled by assuming formation life fraction is nil, long crack growth rates, and linear elastic fracture mechanics. An empirically validated corrosion modified-equivalent initial flaw size distribution was established by “back calculation” from measured-total fatigue life; serving as a quantitative descriptor of the deleterious effect of corrosion on fatigue and an initial flaw size input to fracture mechanics modeling. High fidelity characterization of the corrosion pit and fracture surface, coupled with finite element analysis, validated the crack formation and micro-structurally small crack propagation assumptions inherent to fracture mechanics modeling. A large-beneficial effect of low-temperature loading environment was observed; incorporation of this behavior into airframe prognosis could substantially reduce the inspection burden.
Imperfect Space Clamp Permits Electrotonic Interactions between Inhibitory and Excitatory Synaptic Conductances, Distorting Voltage Clamp Recordings

The voltage clamp technique is frequently used to examine the strength and composition of synaptic input to neurons. Even accounting for imperfect voltage control of the entire cell membrane (“space clamp”), it is often assumed that currents measured at the soma are a proportional indicator of the postsynaptic conductance. Here, using NEURON simulation software to model somatic recordings from morphologically realistic neurons, we show that excitatory conductances recorded in voltage clamp mode are distorted significantly by neighboring inhibitory conductances, even when the postsynaptic membrane potential starts at the reversal potential of the inhibitory conductance. Analogous effects are observed when inhibitory postsynaptic currents are recorded at the reversal potential of the excitatory conductance. Escape potentials in poorly clamped dendrites reduce the amplitude of excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded at the reversal potential of the other conductance. In addition, unclamped postsynaptic inhibitory conductances linearize the recorded current-voltage relationship of excitatory inputs comprising AMPAR and NMDAR-mediated components, leading to significant underestimation of the relative contribution by NMDARs, which are particularly sensitive to small perturbations in membrane potential. Voltage clamp accuracy varies substantially between neurons and dendritic arbors of different morphology; as expected, more reliable recordings are obtained from dendrites near the soma, but up to 80% of the synaptic signal on thin, distant dendrites may be lost when postsynaptic interactions are present. These limitations of the voltage clamp technique may explain how postsynaptic effects on synaptic transmission could, in some cases, be attributed incorrectly to presynaptic mechanisms.
Oxazolone Cycloadducts as Heterocyclic Scaffolds for Alkaloid Construction – Synthesis of (±)-2-epi-Pumiliotoxin C

Intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of N-substituted oxazolone triene I allows direct entry to the functionalized octahydroquinoline II. Further manipulation of this framework by stereo- and regioselective introduction of the 5-methyl substituent, followed by excision of the carbamate, yields (+/-)-2-epi-pumiliotoxin C.
Survival with competing risks and masked causes of failures

Consider a life testing situation in which systems are subject to failure from independent competing risks. The hazards of various risks are proportional to each other. When a failure occurs, immediate, i.e. stage 1, procedures are used in an attempt to reach a definitive diagnosis. If a diagnosis is not reached, this phenomenon is called masking. Stage 2 procedures, such as failure analysis or autopsy, provide definitive diagnosis for a small sample of the masked cases. This paper shows how stage 1 and stage 2 information can be combined to provide statistical inference about (a) survival functions of the individual risks, (b) the proportions of failures associated with individual risks and (c) probability, for a specified masked case, that each of the masked competing risks is responsible for the failure.
Serological association of measles virus and human herpesvirus-6 with brain autoantibodies in autism.

Abstract Considering an autoimmunity and autism connection, brain autoantibodies to myelin basic protein (anti-MBP) and neuron–axon filament protein (anti-NAFP) have been found in autistic children. In this current study, we examined associations between virus serology and autoantibody by simultaneous analysis of measles virus antibody (measles-IgG), human herpesvirus-6 antibody (HHV-6-IgG), anti-MBP, and anti-NAFP. We found that measles-IgG and HHV-6-IgG titers were moderately higher in autistic children but they did not significantly differ from normal controls. Moreover, we found that a vast majority of virus serology-positive autistic sera was also positive for brain autoantibody: (i) 90% of measles-IgG-positive autistic sera was also positive for anti-MBP; (ii) 73% of measles-IgG-positive autistic sera was also positive for anti-NAFP; (iii) 84% of HHV-6-IgG-positive autistic sera was also positive for anti-MBP; and (iv) 72% of HHV-6-IgG-positive autistic sera was also positive for anti-NAFP. This study is the first to report an association between virus serology and brain autoantibody in autism; it supports the hypothesis that a virus-induced autoimmune response may play a causal role in autism.
Clinical significance of cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade, in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

We used cytohistologic correlation to determine the clinical significance of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade (ASC-H), in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. A computer search identified 250 Papanicolaou smears from women older than 45 years with a diagnosis of ASC-H. Cases were considered perimenopausal (45 to <55 years; 150 cases) and postmenopausal (≥55 years; 100 cases). No follow-up data were available for 33 cases, which were excluded. The remaining 217 cases (perimenopausal, 127; postmenopausal, 90) had surgical or cytologic follow-up. Results of follow-up colposcopic biopsy were available for 176 (81.1%) and cytology for 41 (18.9%) women. Follow-up results were as follows: perimenopausal women, negative, 50 (39.4%); mild dysplasia (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]), 46 (36.2%); high-grade dysplasia (high-grade SIL [HSIL]); 28 (22.0%); and ASC of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 3 (2.4%); postmenopausal women, negative, 52 (58%); LSIL, 31 (34%); HSIL, 5 (6%); and ASC-US, 2 (2%). The diagnosis of ASC-H in postmenopausal women usually is associated with LSIL or a negative diagnosis on follow-up, suggesting a less aggressive surveillance and treatment regimen is needed for postmenopausal women with ASC-H.
Tectonic implications of early silurian thrust imbrication of the northern exploits subzone, Central Newfoundland

Central Newfoundland's Dunnage Zone contains a composite assemblage of island arc and oceanic rocks formed in the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Two different and perhaps unrelated Late Cambrian-Middle Ordovician volcanic belts (Lush's Bight and Robert's Arm belts, and their correlatives) are preserved in the Notre Dame Subzone, and are interpreted to represent arc and back-arc basin sequences developed; (1) adjacent to the Laurentian margin of Iapetus and (2) in the intraoceanic realm of the 4000 km wide Paleozoic ocean. Paleozoic paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that the Exploits Subzone contains volcanic and sedimentary rocks originally deposited in a third arc located between the intraoceanic arc (Robert's Arm Belt) and the Peruvian promontory of Gondwana. The New Bay Pond area is located within the northern Exploits Subzone, and preserves an imbricate thrust stack formed during Late Ordovician/Early Silurian southeastward-directed thrusting. Thrust-load related subsidence led to deposition of cherts and argillites overlain by a southeastward-prograding wedge of erogenic flysch and molasse in a foreland trough. Late Ordovician-Early Silurian structural disruption of the flysch/molasse sequence and older strata of the northern Exploits Subzone, by a series of thrust faults, place Middle Ordovician rocks over the younger flysch, and formed a new, southeast-vergent accretionary wedge. This event records the emplacement of the Exploits Subzone over Gondwanan continental margin rocks of the Gander Zone, soon after the Notre Dame Subzone collided with the Appalachian margin of Laurentia. Continued closure of Iapetus brought together the collisionally modified margins of Gondwana and Laurentia. The Exploits Subzone is cut by numerous Silurian-mid Devonian predominantly dextral strike-slip faults, suggesting that this convergence involved a significant component of dextral transpression. Several pull-apart basins are located along these strike-slip faults, and are filled by Silurian volcano-sedimentary sequences. These faults formed in response to the counter- clockwise rotation of Gondwana, juxtaposing the Avolonian margin of Gondwana with the Appalachian margin of Laurentia by the Carboniferous. Copyright 0 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Teaching signal analysis with MATLAB

Summary form only given. MATLAB is a user-friendly software package capable of carrying out complex signal analysis and signal processing functions. Self-contained graphics makes it possible to rapidly evaluate the results of calculations, and, because of the speed of operation, it is easy to use it in an interactive manner to see the effects of changing signal or system parameters. When it is used as a teaching tool, the students are given a short orientation that includes a number of worked examples. They are then assigned a series of problems to carry out on their own. Some of the problems are of the open-ended type to challenge the students' ingenuity. >
The role of reactive oxygen species in capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and in the activities of dorsal horn neurons

Previous findings that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in neuropathic pain, mainly through spinal mechanisms, suggest that ROS may be involved in central sensitization. To investigate the possible role of ROS in central sensitization, we examined in rats the effects of ROS scavengers on capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia, which is known to be mediated by central sensitization. We used two different ROS scavengers: phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPOL). Intradermal capsaicin injection (20 microg in 20 microl olive oil) into the hind paw produced primary and secondary hyperalgesia. A systemic administration of PBN (100mg/kg, i.p.) or TEMPOL (200mg/kg, i.p.) alleviated capsaicin-induced secondary, but not primary, hyperalgesia. Intrathecal injection of PBN (1mg inof veterinary Surgery/anesthesiology, College of veterinary Medic 50 microl saline) greatly reduced hyperalgesia, whereas intracerebroventricular or intradermal injection of PBN produced only a minor analgesic effect, suggesting that PBN takes effect mainly through the spinal cord. Electrophysiological recordings from wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn showed that intradermal capsaicin enhanced the evoked responses to peripheral stimuli; systemic PBN or TEMPOL restored the responses to normal levels. Removal of ROS thus restored the responsiveness of spinal WDR neurons to normal levels, suggesting that ROS is involved in central sensitization, at least in part by sensitizing WDR neurons.
Metaphysics, Deep Pluralism, and Paradoxes of Informal Logic

AbstractThe paper argues that metaphysical thought, or thought in whose context our general framework of sense is under scrutiny, involves, legitimates, and requires a variety of informal analogues of the ‘true contradictions’ supported in some paraconsistent formal logics. These are what we can call informal ‘legitimate logical inadequacies’. These paradoxical logical structures also occur in deeply pluralist contexts, where more than one, conflicting general framework for sense is relevant. The paper argues further that these legitimate logical inadequacies are real or inherent in sense itself rather than conventional, shows how they can feature in argumentative practice in these metaphysical and pluralist contexts, and discusses some of their implications for metaphysical truth and for philosophical inquiry and disagreement.
A Novel, Low-Cost Algorithm for Sequentially Untestable Fault Identification

This paper presents a new and low-cost approach for identifying sequentially untestable faults. Unlike the single fault theorem, where the stuck-at fault is injected only in the right-most time frame of the k-frame unrolled circuit, our approach can handle fault injection in any time frame within the unrolled sequential circuit. To efficiently apply our concept to untestable fault identification, powerful sequential implications are used to efficiently extend the unobservability propagation of gates in multiple time frames. Application of the proposed theorem to ISCAS '89 sequential benchmark circuits showed that more untestable faults could be identified using our approach, at practically no overhead in both memory and execution time.
Ecological Sign Stability and its use in robust control design for aerospace applications

Recently, the idea of using ecological sign stability approach for designing robust controllers for engineering systems has attracted attention with promising results. In this paper, continued research on this topic is presented. It is well known that, in the field of control systems, key to a good controller design is the choice of the appropriate nominal system. Since it is assumed that the perturbations are about this nominal, the extent of allowed perturbation to maintain the stability and/or performance very much depends on this dasianominalpsila system. In this paper, we propose that the stability robustness measures for parameter perturbation are considerably improved if the dasianominalpsila system is taken (or driven) to be a dasiasign stablepsila system. Motivated by this observation, a new method for designing a robust controller for linear uncertain time invariant state space systems using ecological sign stability approach is presented along with conditions under which such a controller exists. The resulting controller design method is illustrated with examples in the flight control area including aircraft lateral flight dynamics control and satellite formation flying control.
Decreased CD5⁺ B cells in active ANCA vasculitis and relapse after rituximab.

Summary Background and objectives B cell significance in ANCA disease pathogenesis is underscored by the finding that ANCA alone can cause disease in mouse models and by the effectiveness of rituximab as therapy in ANCA-small vessel vasculitis (ANCA-SVV). To avoid infections and adverse events from therapy, clinicians require improved markers of disease activity and impending relapse to guide immunosuppression strategies after rituximab treatment. Design, setting, participants, & measurements The B cell phenotype was investigated in patients with active ANCA-SVV and in remission. From 2003 to 2009, 54 patients were followed longitudinally for 4–99 months and compared with 68 healthy controls. In a subset of 19 patients, the B cell immunophenotype was examined in samples after rituximab therapy. Results Patients with active ANCA-SVV had lower %CD5 + B cells, whereas %CD5 + B cells from patients in remission were indistinguishable from healthy controls. After rituximab, median time to relapse was 31 months in patients maintaining normalized %CD5 + B cells, with or without maintenance immunosuppression. Among patients whose B cells repopulated with low %CD5 + B cells or had a sharply declining %CD5 + B cells, those who were on low or no maintenance immunosuppression relapsed sooner (median 17 months) than patients who were maintained on high levels of oral maintenance immunosuppression (29 months; P =0.002). Conclusions The %CD5 + B cells, as a component of the human B regulatory cell phenotype, is a useful indicator of disease activity, remission, and future relapse, and thus may guide remission maintenance therapy after rituximab treatment.
Trajectory analysis and optimization of a low- thrust solar electric Jupiter flyby mission.

Trajectory optimization, performance and other factors in analysis of low thrust solar electric propulsion Jupiter flyby mission
Uninsured Children With Psychosocial Problems: Primary Care Management

Objective. Nearly 14% of children in the United States are uninsured. We compared the prevalence of psychosocial problems and mental health services received by insured and uninsured children in primary care practices. Methods. The Child Behavior Study was a cohort study conducted by Pediatric Research in Office Settings and the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network. Four hundred one primary care clinicians enrolled an average sample of 55 consecutive children (4–15 years old) per clinician. Results. Of the 13 401 visits to clinicians with 3 or more uninsured patients, 12 518 were by insured children (93.4%) and 883 were by uninsured children (6.6%). A higher percentage of adolescents, Hispanic children, those with unmarried parents, and those with less educated parents were uninsured. According to clinicians, uninsured children and insured children had similar rates of psychosocial problems (19%) and severe psychosocial problems (2%). For children with a clinician-identified psychosocial problem, we found no differences in clinician-reported counseling, medication use, or referral to mental health professionals. Conclusions. Among children served in primary care practices, uninsured children have similar prevalence of clinician-identified psychosocial and mental health problems compared with insured children. Within their practices, clinicians managed uninsured children much the same way as insured children.psychosocial problems, uninsured children, pediatrics, family medicine, primary care.
Total state in-migration rates and public policy in the United States: a comparative analysis of the Great Recession and the pre- and post-Great Recession years

This study adopts state-level data to investigate empirically the Tiebout hypothesis (as extended by Tullock) of ‘voting with one’s feet’ for the period referred to in the United States as the ‘Great Recession’ (2007–09). As compared with previous studies, more recent data are used and estimates are provided for three time periods: the ‘Great Recession’ (from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2009), the pre-Great Recession period (1 July 2004 to 30 June 2006) and the post-Great Recession period (1 July 2009 to 30 June 2011). This analysis also differs from most previous literature by including a separate cost-of-living variable and a variable measuring effective state personal income tax rates. After allowing for various economic factors and quality of life/climate variables, migrants (consumer-voters) over the 2007–09 period appear to prefer states with lower effective state personal income tax rates and higher levels of ‘fiscal surplus’, defined in this study for each state as the total outlay per pupil on primary...
Estimating the Quantity of Usable Fibers in Baled Cotton

The accuracy of estimating weight loss in processing cotton is improved with in strument based cotton classification measurements when compared to conventional cotton classification. Two new methods of rapidly estimating trash content were in vestigated as candidates for use in instrument classification. Nonlint losses were also measured with a Shirley analyzer and a conventional carding machine. Agreement with carding loss ranged from an r2 of 36 for conventional grading to an r2 of 77 for Shirley analyzer measurements. When nonlint content data were combined with other fiber data, the Shirley analyzer method explained 90% of the variation in carding loss. When comparing the two new rapid methods, the trash monitor was a better estimator of card loss than the scanning trashmeter, but when combined with fiber data, the two were equal. Both of the rapid trash measuring instruments are commercially available, and both can be used on a routine basis to improve mill performance.
Attitudes, Age, And Participation In Mammographic Screening: A Prospective Analysis

Background: To address the needs of older women, we investigated age-specific attitudes toward mammography that might be influenced by written or verbal communications. Methods: Attitudinal scores for women aged 40 through 64 years and 65 years and older were calculated prospectively from responses to a mailed questionnaire based on the theory of reasoned action. Age-group mean scores were compared using t-tests for eight components of the attitude measure. Score correlations with participation were compared between age groups using multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 919 eligible women, 666 (72 percent) completed the study questionnaire, and 433 (65 percent) of the 666 women obtained mammograms. A woman aged 65 years or older was less likely to believe that mammography could find a cancer that she (P Conclusions: Older women are less likely to understand that mammography can find cancers that might be missed by other screening methods. Communications to encourage mammography among older women should explain its strengths and familiarize them with the procedure. Communications to younger women need to consider other factors.
So entsteht geballte Intelligenz

Ich weis schon, was Sie denken. Mag ja sein, dass wir grundlegende Gemeinsamkeiten mit Nagetieren haben – zellulare Mechanismen, motorische Reflexe, eine Vorliebe fur Suses –, aber das menschliche Gehirn und seine aus ihm erwachsenden mentalen Fahigkeiten sind doch etwas ganz Eigenes. Es ist gut, mithilfe von Nagermodellen etwas uber die Wirkungen von Stresshormonen auf das Gewicht der Thymusdruse herausfinden zu wollen, aber neuronale Netzwerke, Aufmerksamkeitsspannen und Metakognition uberlasse man doch bitte dem Menschen. Gutes Argument. Ich will ganz bestimmt nicht behaupten, dass Ratten religiosen Glauben hegen, dieser oder jener politischen Partei anhangen oder die kognitive Fahigkeit besitzen, militarische Strategien zu planen – ob gut oder schlecht, dies sind rein menschliche Errungenschaften. Aber was das Gehirn zu unserer personlichen Selbstwahrnehmung und unserer Fahigkeit beitragt, Informationen in sinnvoller, relevanter Weise zu verarbeiten, tut es nicht erst, seit wir auf der evolutionaren Bildflache erschienen sind. In diesem Kapitel werden wir uns damit beschaftigen, was Nager uns uber jene uberlegenen geistigen Fahigkeiten lehren konnen, die vermeintlich dem Menschen vorbehalten sind.
Hypothalamic monoaminergic activity in obese Zucker rats in response to acute and chronic dietary stimuli

Monoamine neuromodulators link diet-related signals with autonomic responses in the regulation of energy balance. In view of evidence that sympathetically mediated expenditure is blunted in genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats, a central defect in neurochemical activity has been proposed. This study tested the hypothesis that genotypic differences in monoaminergic activity in the hypothalamus underlie a blunted sensitivity of fa/fa rats to acute and chronic dietary stimuli, leading to less effective modulation of energy metabolism. Homozygous lean and obese Zucker rats were fed a protein-restricted (PR, protein = 8% of total dietary energy) or control (CF, 21% protein) diet from the age of 5 wk. At 10 wk of age, postprandial oxygen consumption (thermic effect of food, TEF) and levels of brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein were significantly elevated (P < 0.0005) in PR vs. CF lean rats. Serotonin turnover was significantly (P < 0.0014) greater in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of meal-fed lean PR (vs. CF) rats, consistent with the suggestion that VMH serotonin release stimulates sympathetic outflow and may signal a heightened drive for protein intake. Serotonergic activity, BAT uncoupling protein, and TEF were not elevated in PR obese rats in response to a test meal, supporting the view that activation of sympathetic outflow in response to diet-related stimuli in fa/fa rats is impaired.
Sustainable logistical operations: the case of McDonald's biodiesel in Brazil

This article aims to describe and discuss the implementation of sustainable actions in a closed-loop fast-food supply chain using a logistics services provider (LSP) through the practical case of the use of biodiesel in McDonald's restaurants' supply operations in Brazil. The research was designed and conducted through a longitudinal case study approach and by selecting a representative case, i.e., based on intentional criteria. The study took place in a supply chain using as a focal company a well-known world leader in the fast-food retail industry. Moreover, to guide the research, a basic framework was built and three basic assumptions about the implementation of sustainable operations in supply chains through LSPs were defined. The research findings suggest that the current role of LSPs in the leadership and management of sustainable actions in a client's supply chain may be viewed as a significant competitive differential and it may provide important contributions for companies seeking solutions to sustainable actions related to supply chains, primarily in the fast-food retail industry.
A 1-phase 48-pole axial peg style electrostatic rotating machine utilizing variable elastance

Starting from the duality of magnetic reluctance and electric elastance, this paper discusses design features of an axial peg style electrostatic rotating machine. Axial peg style refers to the geometry of the machine. Interdigitated pegs (cylinders) come into, and out of, radial alignment as the machine rotates causing variable capacitance between the stator and rotor. A prototype with peak torque of 0.9 N-m and gap field strength of 14 kV/mm was constructed. The specific torque density of the machine is 0.126 N-m/kg, comparable to fractional horsepower NEMA class induction machines. This was achieved by filling the machine with a dielectric fluid whose relative permittivity is 7.1, rather than ultra-high vacuum typically employed in canonical macro scale electrostatic machine designs. Selected experimental measurements presented include angular capacitance, stall torque, average torque and losses under stall conditions.
Labeling Plants and Their Insect Fauna with Rubidium

Single applications of aqueous sprays of rubidium chloride (RbCl) were made at rates of 0.625–10 kg/ha to cotton, grain sorghum, and hyacinth bean, Dolichos lab-lab L., to label the plants and insects on them with elevated levels of Rb. However, at all rates tested there was overlapping of the concentration of Rb in insects collected from treated plants with the Rb content of those from untreated plants. Some entomophagous insect species were labeled with Rb, indicating the Rb moved through the food chain from producers through primary to secondary consumers.
Theoretical Design by First Principles Molecular Dynamics of a Bioinspired Electrode−Catalyst System for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Acidified Water

Bacterial di-iron hydrogenases produce hydrogen efficiently from water. Accordingly, we have studied by first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations (FPMD) electrocatalytic hydrogen production from acidified water by their common active site, the [FeFe]H cluster, extracted from the enzyme and linked directly to the (100) surface of a pyrite electrode. We found that the cluster could not be attached stably to the surface via a thiol link analogous to that which attaches it to the rest of the enzyme, despite the similarity of the (100) pyrite surface to the Fe4S4 cubane to which it is linked in the enzyme. We report here a systematic sequence of modifications of the structure and composition of the cluster devised to maintain the structural stability of the pyrite/cluster complex in water throughout its hydrogen production cycle, an example of the molecular design of a complex system by FPMD.
The pragmatic randomized optimal platelet and plasma ratios trial: what does it mean for remote damage control resuscitation?

BACKGROUND Implications from the pragmatic, randomize, optimal platelet and plasma ratios (PROPPR) trial are critical for remote damage control resuscitation (DCR). Utilizing DCR principals in remote settings can combat early mortality from hemorrhage. Identifying the appropriate transfusion strategy is mandatory prior to adopting prehospital hemostatic resuscitation strategies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The PROPPR study was examined in relation to the following questions: 1) Why is it important to have blood products in the prehospital setting?; 2) Which products should be investigated for prehospital hemostatic resuscitation?; 3) What is the appropriate ratio of blood product transfusion?; and 4) What are the appropriate indications for hemostatic resuscitation? RESULTS PROPPR demonstrates that early and balanced blood product transfusion ratios reduced mortality in all patients at 3 hours and death from exsanguination at 24 hours (p = 0.03). The median time to death from exsanguination was 2.3 hours, highlighting the need for point-of-injury DCR capabilities. A 1:1:1 transfusion ratio of plasma:platelets:packed red blood cells increased the percentage of patients achieving anatomic hemostasis (p = 0.006). PROPPR used the assessment of blood consumption score to identify patients likely to require ongoing hemostatic resuscitation. The critical administration threshold predicted patient mortality and identified patients likely to require ongoing hemostatic resuscitation. CONCLUSION A balanced resuscitation strategy demonstrates an early survival benefit, decreased death from exsanguination at 24 hours and a greater likelihood of achieving hemostasis in critically injured patients receiving a 1:1:1 ratio of plasma:platelets:PRBCs. This finding highlights the need to import DCR principals to remote locations.
A Robust Unsupervised Arousal Rating Framework using Prosody with Cross-Corpora Evaluation.

This paper presents an unsupervised method for producing a bounded rating of affective arousal from speech. One of the major challenges in such behavioral signal classification is the design of methods that generalize well across domains and datasets. We propose a framework that provides robustness across databases by: selecting coherent features based on empirical and theoretical evidence, fusing activation confidences from multiple features, and effectively weighting the soft-labels without knowing the true labels. Spearman’s rankcorrelation (and binary classification accuracy) on four arousal databases are: 0.62 (73%), 0.77 (86%), 0.70 (82%), and 0.65 (73%).
Hardware and applications of AsAP: An asynchronous array of simple processors

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on hardware and applications of a the AsAP chip processor. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the target applications and objectives of the AsAP processor; key features and system specifications; major processing capabilities; and programming and applications supported.
Absence of Long-Wavelength Nematic Fluctuations in LiFeAs

We investigated long-wavelength nematic fluctuations in an Fe-based superconductor LiFeAs near q = (0.05, 0, 0) by measuring temperature-dependent renormalization of acoustic phonons through inelastic neutron scattering. We found that the phonons have a conventional behavior, as would be expected in the absence of electronic nematic fluctuations. This observation implies that either electron-phonon coupling is too weak to see any effect or that nematic fluctuations are not present.
“Reflexivity Is Kicking Our Asses”: Tensions in Foregrounding Photographs in a Multimodal Ethnographic Analysis of Participation

Bringing multimodal and ethnographic approaches together, this paper seeks to identify key considerations, limitations, and implications of using photographs as primary data. We offer a concrete example of an approach that capitalizes on a systematic look at how different modes work together to foreground unique aspects of participation, while intentionally and explicitly maintaining ethnographic sensitivities. Key contributions include what it means to “trust” photographs as data and use them for their strengths in evidence-careful ways.
L -2-Hydroxyglutarate production arises from noncanonical enzyme function at acidic pH

The metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be produced as either a D-R- or L-S- enantiomer, each of which inhibits α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes involved in diverse biologic processes. Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) produce D-2HG, which causes a pathologic blockade in cell differentiation. On the other hand, oxygen limitation leads to accumulation of L-2HG, which can facilitate physiologic adaptation to hypoxic stress in both normal and malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyze stereospecific production of L-2HG via 'promiscuous' reduction of the alternative substrate αKG. Acidic pH enhances production of L-2HG by promoting a protonated form of αKG that binds to a key residue in the substrate-binding pocket of LDHA. Acid-enhanced production of L-2HG leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in normoxia. These findings offer insights into mechanisms whereby microenvironmental factors influence production of metabolites that alter cell fate and function.
Parametric Evaluation of Swirl Injector Dynamics in the High-Frequency Range

This work augments the classical linear swirl injector dynamics theory to evaluate the hydrodynamic frequency response characteristics of a single element as an analysis aid for experimental result...
Gamifying the Eating Experience: An Interactive Companion for Children’s Nutrition Education and Behavior

We present an interactive companion for children’s nutrition education that capitalizes on digital technology to promote mental and physical stimulation by adding game-like elements to the eating experience. Our device allows children to manage portion sizes easily and promotes the practice of healthy eating habits by interacting with “Cibo,” a healthy kid metaphor that encourages children to learn how different food groups benefit the body. Different parts of the device provide active feedback as the child eats his/her meal. The combination of physical and digital interaction gamifies the eating experience and redefines “playing at the dinner table” into a positive event that nourishes children physically, cognitively, and emotionally.
Phase II study of regorafenib in progressive, recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma.

6096Background: Recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (R/M ACC) is incurable. Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506; Bayer) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets receptor tyrosine kinases (R...
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans negatively regulate the positioning of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum to distal axons

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are components of the extracellular matrix that inhibit the extension and regeneration of axons. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are functionally inter-linked organelles important to axon development and maintenance. We report that CSPGs impair the targeting of mitochondria and ER to the growth cones of chicken embryonic sensory axons. The effect of CSPGs on the targeting of mitochondria is blocked by inhibition of the LAR receptor for CSPGs. The regulation of the targeting of mitochondria and ER to the growth cone by CSPGs is due to attenuation of PI3K signaling, which is known to be downstream of LAR receptor activation. Dynactin is a required component of the dynein motor complex that drives the normally occurring retrograde evacuation of mitochondria from growth cones. CSPGs elevate the levels of p150Glu dynactin found in distal axons, and inhibition of the interaction of dynactin with dynein increased axon lengths on CSPGs. CSPGs decreased the membrane potential of mitochondria, and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondria respiration at the growth cone independent of manipulation of mitochondria positioning impaired axon extension. Combined inhibition of dynactin and potentiation of mitochondria respiration further increased axon lengths on CSPGs relative to inhibition of dynactin alone. These data reveal that the regulation of the localization of mitochondria and ER to growth cones is a previously unappreciated aspect of the effects of CSPGs on embryonic axons. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1351-1370, 2017.
Hepatitis C virus-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells activate stromal fibroblasts in a xenograft tumor model.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes persistent infection and is an increasingly important factor in the etiology of fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, although the mechanisms for the disease processes remain unclear. We have shown previously that HCV infection generates an epithelial-mesenchymal transition state and tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells in human hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated whether HCV-induced tumor-initiating cancer stem-like cells when implanted into mice activate stromal fibroblasts. A number of fibroblast activation markers, including matrix metalloproteinase 2, were significantly increased at the mRNA or protein level in the xenograft tumors, suggesting the presence of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Fibroblast activation markers of murine origin were specifically increased in tumor, suggesting that fibroblasts migrate to form stroma. Next, we demonstrated that conditioned medium from HCV-infected human hepatocytes activates fibrosis-related markers in hepatic stellate cells. We further observed that these HCV-infected hepatocytes express transforming growth factor beta, which activates stromal fibroblast markers. Subsequent analysis suggested that anti-transforming growth factor beta neutralizing antibody, when incubated with conditioned medium from HCV-infected hepatocytes, inhibits fibrosis marker activation in primary human hepatic stellate cells. Conclusion HCV-infected hepatocytes induce local fibroblast activation by secretion of transforming growth factor beta, and a preneoplastic or tumor state of the hepatocytes influences the network for the tumor-associated fibroblast environment. (Hepatology 2017;66:1766-1778).
A dynamic managed care platform for palliative care.

32Background: The link between patient concerns and clinical systems delivery is often suboptimal. We developed a case management system for palliative care which transforms the patient’s greatest concerns into actionable clinical pathways. Methods: The system collects patients’ single greatest and second greatest concern plus Quality of Life (QOL) data (pain, fatigue and overall QOL single-items scored 0-10 with 10 representing worst pain/fatigue, or best QOL) and produces a report to guide the physician and patient. The system presents ten “buttons” in a xylophone-like grid: Personal Relationships, Monitoring Health, Emotional Health, Money, Health Behaviors, Medication Troubles, Care Access, Work Worries, Physical Health and Care Planning. We performed a quality improvement study at Mayo Clinic sites. Results: 409 patients participated in at least one survey from 11/04/2015 to 9/22/2016 (620 total surveys). The most common Main Concern was Physical Health 265/620 (43%) followed by Monitoring Health (17...