cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exoskeletons for manual material handling – A review and implication for construction applications

Abstract The construction industry is labor-intensive and physically demanding even with continuous development of advanced tools and machines. Workers are heavily involved in manual procedures, which constantly expose them to a great risk of injury. Recently, exoskeletons and their potential to protect workers from injury have received wide attention. Significant advances have been made in both of their industrial developments and scholarly assessment. This paper reviewed existing exoskeleton technologies and analyzed their potential for manual handling tasks in construction. It first retrieved 85 relevant research articles and categorized them based on exoskeleton types, functions, and assessment procedures. Then, the potential of the exoskeleton use in construction at trade level was analyzed. A map was generated to suggest the potential exoskeleton type for each trade with evaluation of benefits and challenges. The map is expected to provide construction professionals with insights and guidelines when integrating exoskeletons into their current routine construction practices.
Artificial Intelligence Enabled Smart City IoT System using Edge Computing

This research work has developed an artificial intelligence (AI) enabled smart city IoT system using Edge Computing. To take the smart decision and data processing purpose, this research work has deployed AI algorithms. The novelty in this work is, incorporation of Edge computing in IoT system, which enhances the performance of the IoT system by reducing the load on the cloud. Wi-Fi protocol is used in the network level for data transmission. Raspberry–pi is used to design edge server. The main motivation of this project is to prevent from unexcepted pollution levels in air, water, etc., that causes harmful to the health and also to the nature. So, in this smart city application includes City air management, managing the traffic and transportation, utilization of power effectively, water pollution monitoring. And this monitoring is done by different sensors like camera, gas sensor, water quality sensors, other monitoring sensors. We gather physiological data from the sensors environment and stores it in the database and analyze it to take smart decision and indicates it on the webpage and intimate that information to the through e-mail via SMTP.
Disparities related to socioeconomic status and access to medical care remain in the United States among women who never had a mammogram

Objective: This study examined whether disparities in mammography use between women of differing socioeconomic status (SES; income and education) and varying access to medical care (healthcare insurance and routine medical check-up) remained over time despite overall increased breast cancer screening. Methods: Analysis of changes over time were made using data from the 1992, 1996, and 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 53,846 women 50–69 years of age. Women who reported that they never had a mammogram were compared with those who ever had a mammogram. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine whether and to what extent disparities between subgroups of women changed over time. Results: The percentage of women 50–69 years of age who had never had a mammogram declined 65% from 22.1% in 1992 to 7.7% in 2000. Racial and ethnic differences in mammography prevalence disappeared over time. However, disparities among women of differing SES and among those with varying access to medical care remained based on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Despite a substantial reduction in the proportion of women who had never had a mammogram among women 50–69 years of age from 1992 to 2000, disparities in use of mammography among the various population subgroups persisted.
Port of Miami Inlet Dynamics

The results showed that structural effects on crosscurrents at the entrance were effective when even length jetties were used. Non structural changes (deepening the inlet at jetty ends) further reduced the magnitude of currents. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Jacksonville (SAJ), is evaluating jetty modification plans at the entrance channel to alleviate problems with strong crosscurrents at the ocean entrance and inner harbor channels to Miami Harbor. The U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), was requested by SAJ to conduct a tidal circulation numerical model study, to quantify the problem better, and to evaluate remedies.
The Psychopathology of Crime: Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder

Crime and the nature of psychopathology crime in the context of evolution genetics neurochemistry neuropsychology brain imaging. psychophysiology. other biological factors head injury pregnancy and birth complications physical appearance, hormones, diet, and lead cognitive deficits familial influences extra-Familial influences is crime a disorder?
Genetic crosses: setting up crosses, testing progeny, and isolating phenotypic assortants.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic concepts and operations involved in making crosses and testing progeny, as well as isolating assortant strains which are useful for further genetic analysis. Conjugation is the process by which Tetrahymena undergo sexual reorganization. To ensure mating, cells must be starved, sexually mature, and of two different mating types. Normally a single, diploid fertilization nucleus (synkaryon) is formed in each conjugant. A single meiotic product in each conjugant survives and divides mitotically to produce the gametic pronuclei, so after pronuclear exchange and fusion both exconjugants of a pair end up with genetically identical synkarya. New micro- and macronuclei are differentiated in each conjugant from mitotic descendants of the synkaryon. The old macronucleus is destroyed, and potential new combinations of genes are expressed from the new macronuclei. When pairs are isolated from a cross, the genotypic and phenotypic ratios expected from standard diploid genetics are seen. For determining genetic ratios, the counting unit is the pair.
The ({sup 8}Li, {alpha}) reaction at low energy: Direct {sup 4}H cluster transfer?

The ($^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, \ensuremath{\alpha}) reaction has been studied at E($^{8}\mathrm{Li})=27.7$ MeV on targets of ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}$C, $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ using a secondary $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ beam. The \ensuremath{\alpha}-energy spectra for $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ are generally nondistinct and resemble fragmentation spectra. In contrast, data for the ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}$C target exhibit enhanced ($^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, \ensuremath{\alpha}) cross sections in the region corresponding to population of low-lying levels in $^{16}\mathrm{N}$. Angular distributions were determined over a large angular range and exhibit a strong forward peaking for $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and some forward peaking for the ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}$C data. They are otherwise rather featureless but distinct from spectra expected from fusion evaporation. The data for $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ are indicative of either direct or sequential fragmentation processes. Similar analysis of limited data obtained at $E(^{8}\mathrm{Li})=27.7$ MeV for the $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ target, along with data previously obtained at higher $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ energies, is suggestive of a sequential breakup mechanism. In the case of the ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}$C target, the data corresponding to low excitation energies in $^{16}\mathrm{N}$ exhibit ($^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, \ensuremath{\alpha}) angular distributions that appear to be most consistent with a $^{4}\mathrm{H}$ transfer mechanism. However, we cannot distinguish between a one-step $^{4}\mathrm{H}$ cluster transfer and a multistep $^{4}\mathrm{H}$ transfer (such as $n\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}^{3}\mathrm{H})$.
Cellular metabolic activity— A new basis for screening of vaginal cytology?

Abstract The hypothesis that a major difference in metabolic activity exists between cells shed from normal surfaces and these desquamated from epithelial abnormalities such as dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and frank malignancy has been tested in 93 patients. It has been demonstrated that incorporation of the amino acid C 14 L-leucine is significantly greater in cells obtained from women bearing known epithelial abnormalities in the genital tract, than it is in cells obtained from apparently normal women. The possibility that this difference will permit mass screening of the female population when combined with home cell collection techniques has been discussed.
The Aims of Political Philosophy in John Rawls, Bernard Williams, and Richard Rorty

What ought a political philosophy seek to achieve? How should political philosophy address itself to its subject matter? What is the relation between political philosophy and other forms of reflective inquiry? In answering these metaphilosophical questions, political philosophy has long been dominated by a roughly utopian self-image. According to this conception, the aim of political philosophy is the rigorous development of theoretical ideals of justice, state, and law. I show that leading political philosophers of the twentieth century, most notably John Rawls, have continued to perpetuate this utopian conception of the aims of political philosophy. I then explicate an emerging alternative metaphilosophical view of political philosophy which has recently emerged in two seemingly disparate strands of political philosophy: the first strand being Bernard Williams's realist conception of political critique and the second strand being Richard Rorty's pragmatist conception of cultural criticism. The views developed by Williams and Rorty leave to the side questions about political ideals and focuses instead on definite ways in which we can improve the situations in which we find ourselves. Such improvement, Williams and Rorty provocatively argue, does not require an ideal theory of best justice.
Are All 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists the Same?

The 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists have become the cornerstone for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Four 5-HT3 antagonists are commercially available in the United States, and numerous reports have been published comparing 2 or more agents. The studies ranged from randomized, double-blinded to open-label or retrospective trials; included chemotherapy-naive and -non-naive patients; and covered a range of doses and routes of administration with and without concomitant steroids, for preventing and treating nausea and vomiting after highly and moderately high emetogenic chemotherapy. With few exceptions, the studies uniformly show an equivalent efficacy rate and side effect profile among the various agents at equivalent doses. This article reviews the pharmacology of the class for insight into minor differences among the agents that could possibly influence drug selection for certain patients, and considers data on the absorption, half-life, metabolism, and receptor activity. Clinical trials support the claim of various guidelines that the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are therapeutically similar in safety and efficacy, particularly because the current best practice for preventing nausea and vomiting after highly and moderately high emetogenic chemotherapy is a combination of a 5-HT3 antagonist, steroids, and aprepitant.
Isolation and Characterization of Acyl Coenzyme A Carboxylases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, Which Produce Multiple Methyl-Branched Mycocerosic Acids

Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and M. bovis BCG produce multiple methyl-branched fatty acids called mycocerosic acids, presumably from methyl-malonyl coenzyme A (CoA). An acyl-CoA carboxylase was isolated from these organisms at a 30 to 50% yield by a purification procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography with a monomeric avidin-Sepharose 4B-CL gel with d-biotin as the eluant. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and avidin binding indicate that each enzyme is probably composed of two dissimilar subunits with a covalently bound biotin in the larger subunit. The enzyme preparations from H37Ra and BCG had specific activities of 2.1 and 5.5 mumol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively, when propionyl-CoA was the substrate. The enzymes from the two species displayed striking similarities in their kinetic parameters. They showed maximal activity at pH 8.0 when propionyl-CoA was the substrate, but displayed a relatively broad pH-activity profile when acetyl-CoA was the substrate. With both substrates, potassium phosphate buffer gave maximal activity. Apparent K(m) values for propionyl-CoA, ATP, Mg(2+), and NaHCO(3) were 70 muM, 100 muM, 5.4 mM, and 2.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme also carboxylated acetyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed the expected products of carboxylation. However, with these substrates, the K(m) was higher and the V(max) was lower than those of propionyl-CoA. The enzyme was shown to be stereospecific, synthesizing exclusively (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA from propionyl-CoA. No other acyl-CoA carboxylase was observed during the purification procedure, indicating that the present carboxylase may provide malonyl-CoA for the synthesis of n-fatty acids as well as methylmalonyl-CoA for the synthesis of mycocerosic acids.
A Model for Comparative Ratings in Studies of Within-Family Differences

Comparative ratings between pairs of siblings or other relatives are commonly used to refine measures of intrafamily variation. A simple model, based on signal detection theory, is proposed which shows how comparative ratings can be used to estimate within-pair variances of true scores, which can, in turn, be modeled with any of the conventional approaches to partitioning genetic and environmental variance within families.
Adenosine as a neuroprotectant: therapeutic perspectives

The potential for exploiting the neuroprotective properties of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, in a variety of CNS disorders, including: ischemic and traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy and pain, has aroused considerable interest in both academic and pharmaceutical circles. A variety of approaches have been employed, ranging from the development of new selective agonists and antagonists for adenosine receptors, to compounds which can either potentiate extracellular levels of endogenously released adenosine or enhance its actions at receptors. Although many of these approaches were successful in animal studies, clinical trials have been delayed by the need to develop more potent and selective agents. With the recent promising advances in this area, future prospects for the development of new neurotherapeutic agents now appear promising.
Creativity: A Complementary Relationship between Information Demand and Success at Problem Solving.

Abstract Creativity, intelligence, and problem-solving tasks that varied the explicitness of problem definition and the format for an acceptable solution were administered to 100 subjects. Creativity and intelligence tasks were described as different problem-solving tasks. Two hypotheses that distinguished between concepts of creative and intelligent problem solving were presented and supported. First, the syntactical hypothesis stated that the format of an acceptable solution would define the factor structure of the problem-solving tasks more parsimoniously than the explicitness of the problem definition. The factor structure was interpreted by the type of acceptable solution format. Second, the strategic hypothesis stated that information demanded to define a problem and success at problem solving would interact. Information demanded and success at problem solving did interact producing a complementary relationship with dimensions of creativity but not intelligence. Thus, syntactical and strategic distinctions between creativity and intelligence were obtained.
Utilization and physical activity levels at renovated and unrenovated school playgrounds.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined utilization and physical activity levels at renovated compared to unrenovated school playgrounds. METHODS: Ten unrenovated and ten renovated school playgrounds (renovated at least a year prior) in Cleveland, OH were matched on school and neighborhood characteristics. Using direct observation (SOPLAY), the number of persons attending each playground and their physical activity levels were recorded using separate counts for girls, boys, men and women. Each school was observed ten times for 90 min each time outside of school hours in 2005. Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests, and regression analyses were completed to examine differences across school pairs. RESULTS: More persons overall including adults and children utilized the renovated playgrounds compared to the unrenovated playgrounds. The proportion moderately-to-vigorously active was not different between renovated and unrenovated playgrounds although the proportion of children, in particular boys, who were vigorously active was greater at the renovated playgrounds. Although utilization was higher at the renovated playgrounds, absolute utilization was low across all playgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that playgrounds renovations may have the potential to increase the number of children utilizing the playground outside of school hours and may increase the proportion of children, especially boys, who are vigorously active. Language: en
Appropriate bargaining units for state employees: Potential impacts for labor relations and public administration

This article reviews the literature and empirically examines the long-held assumption that occupational bargaining units for state employees are more appropriate and more in the public interest than are departmental units. The payroll records of Michigan state employees were analyzed on six demographic and organizational variables to test five hypotheses concerning the greater appropriateness of departmental units. Four of the five hypotheses supported the greater appropriateness of departmental units. In addition, because the mean highest job level in departmental units was significantly greater than in occupational units, career mobility and affirmative action programs for employees within occupations were more severely limited.
RhoA GTPase Regulates B Cell Receptor Signaling

The RhoA GTPase controls many cellular functions, including gene transcription and actin polymerization. Several lines of evidence suggest that Rho GTPases are required for B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, but whether RhoA is necessary has not been investigated. Here, we show that RhoA is activated, downstream of PI3K, in response to BCR stimulation and is important for BCR-dependent calcium flux and cell proliferation. A RhoA dominant-negative mutant strongly inhibited BCR-dependent calcium mobilization. The RhoA-specific inhibitor, C3 toxin, inhibited both BCR-dependent calcium flux and cell proliferation. RhoA is important for BCR-dependent synthesis of IP 3 by PLCγ2, but is not required for tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ2. BCR-dependent synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P 2 ) is inhibited in the absence of RhoA function. Providing exogenous PtdIns-4,5-P 2 restores BCR-dependent calcium flux in cells lacking functional RhoA. Our findings support a function for RhoA in BCR-dependent PtdIns-4,5-P 2 synthesis, PLCγ2 activation, calcium mobilization, and cell proliferation.
Histamine stimulates phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and alters their link to vimentin.

Histamine increases microvascular permeability by creating small transitory (100–400 nm) gaps between adjacent endothelial cells at sites of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin-based adhesion. We ex...
The synthesis of some ethyl 3-(1,2-dialkylhydrazino)propanoates and their cyclization to 1,2-dialkyl-3-yrazolidinones

The preparation of several ethyl 3-(1,2-dialkylhydrazino)propanoates (III) by the reaction of 1,2-dialkylhydrazines with acrylates is described. Compound III is accompanied by small amounts of the bis addition products (V) in the reactions of ethyl acrylate with a few of the hydrazines. Cyclization of III to 1,2-dialkyl-3-pyrazolidinones (IV) was achieved with sodium methoxide. 1,2-Dialkyl-5-methyl-3-pyrazolidinones were obtained directly from 1,2-dialkylhydrazines and ethyl crotonate. A procedure for the preparation of 1,2-di-(2-ethoxycarbonylethyl)hydrazines is also given.
Guidance of pioneer growth cones: filopodial contacts and coupling revealed with an antibody to Lucifer Yellow.

Abstract We are interested in the factors that guide individual neuronal growth cones during embryonic development. We have developed an antibody to the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow. We use the antibody here to examine the specific filopodial contacts and dye coupling by the first growth cones in the grasshopper embryo that navigate in an axonless environment. We have studied the distribution and apparent selective adhesion of the filopodia from these pioneering growth cones in the central nervous system and periphery. Our results suggest that selective filopodial adhesion to specific “landmark” cells may play an important role in the guidance of pioneer growth cones.
An evaluation of Protocol Enhancing Proxies and modern file transport protocols for geostationary satellite communication

NASA is utilizing Global Hawk aircraft in high-altitude, long duration Earth science missions. Communications with the science payload is via Ku-Band satellites in geostationary orbits. All payload communications use standard Internet Protocols and routing, and much of the data to be transferred is comprised of very large files. The science community is interested in fully utilizing these communication links to retrieve data as quickly and reliably as possible. A test bed was developed at NASA Ames to evaluate modern transport protocols as well as Protocol Enhancing Proxies (PEPs) to determine what tools best fit the needs of the science community. This paper describes the test bed used, the protocols, the PEPs that were evaluated, the particular tests performed and the results and conclusions.
The role of estrogen in mood disorders in women

Major depression is twice as common in women as men and depressive episodes appear to be more common in women with bipolar disorder. There is accumulating evidence that, in at least some women, reproductive-related hormonal changes may play a role in increasing the risk of depressive symptoms premenstrually, postpartum and in the perimenopausal period. In this review, the evidence for the role of hormonal fluctuations, specifically estrogen, in triggering depressive symptoms in a subgroup of women is summarized. In addition, the potential role of estrogen in triggering depressive symptoms via its effects on the serotonergic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Protein Kinase C is reviewed.
Partial Upper Sternotomy for Anterosuperior Mediastinal Surgery: An Institutional Experience

Background Median sternotomy is the traditional approach used to resect anterior mediastinal masses or access the anterosuperior compartment of the mediastinum. A partial upper sternotomy is an alternative, less invasive technique. Our goal in this study is to analyze the circumstances under which partial upper sternotomy is appropriate and to determine the outcomes of these patients.
Teaching residents practice-management knowledge and skills: an in vivo experience.

This article explores the relevant data regarding teaching psychiatric residents practice management knowledge and skills. This article also introduces a unique program for teaching practice management to residents. A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Academic Psychiatry. Additionally residents involved in the training program for practice management were given an anonymous survey to complete. There were no randomized, controlled trials in the academic psychiatric field concerning the topic of practice management. The responses to the resident survey (n=10) indicated a modest improvement in residents’ perception of receiving adequate training and exposure to practice management knowledge and skills. The available research suggests that many residents and faculty believe that practice management knowledge and skills are still not adequately addressed. The Baylor Clinic practice management program may be one possible solution for integrating the teaching of practice management knowledge and skills. More research on this topic is needed.
The Emerging Technology of Predictive Analytics: Implications for Homeland Security

ABSTRACTThis case study examines the implications of using the emerging technology of predictive analytics in a homeland security context to provide increased intelligence for counterterrorism initiatives. The study addresses how this emerging technology is currently used, if such technology is viably transferable to a homeland security context, and if it will be able to provide increased intelligence in regard to the motivations behind terrorist attacks. In addition, the study evaluates whether this data will leverage the detection of potential terrorist profiles and potential terrorist targets to prevent future attacks. By utilizing such technology, homeland security stakeholders will gain a better understanding of how the enemy operates, or plans to operate, as well as identify possible threats before an attack occurs. Investing in intelligence gathering, analysis, and distribution capabilities is a major step in preparing for uncertainties, provided that the emerging technologies utilized for data col...
The need for a new model of trust in spectrum and the case for spectrum jails

In [1]-[5], we have developed a mathematical theory of spectrum jails to enable light-handed spectrum regulation. The major result of this work is that trust can be guaranteed at certification time regardless of the technical solution for finding spectrum holes. Then, performance can improve as technology gets better. This paper is the policy-oriented case for why a new model of trust is needed in spectrum and why spectrum jails are a good starting point for implementing this new trust model. Whereas earlier work developed the mathematical theory assuming a stand-alone enforcement system, this paper shows that spectrum jails can actually be implemented through databases. The database, instead of directing exactly where and when the secondary can transmit, will control the opportunity for the secondary to find spectrum holes. The secondary can then use whatever technical means it desires to recover spectrum holes, understanding that it will no longer be allowed to do so if it causes interference. Interestingly, our results show that the database should gate access to all bands, including unlicensed and exclusively licensed bands. Normally, all devices have access to the ISM bands, and those certified to have access to the licensed bands have permission to use these bands. However, to actually deter harmful interference, the databases must have the power to disable access to these other bands as well. The result is a system that operates as a spectrum tribunal, except run by robots at a fast time scale and a very low cost. It can also adapt its infrastructure to the local situation, and easily evolve as technology changes.
Phase and slope screen generator for spatially and temporally correlated unlimited length sequences

The ability to generate long sequences of spatially and temporally correlated phase and slope screens is critical to simulating adaptive optics system. Covariance based methods exist for generating short sequences of phase and slope screens which theoretically could produce the long sequences needed. However, implementing these methods for large sequences of frames is impractical with today's computer technology. FFT-based methods may be used to generate unlimited-length sequence which are periodic. This paper present a method for generating unlimited length sequences which are not periodic using optimal estimators. This method does not yield perfect spatial and temporal statistics for screens separated by large numbers of frames in time. However, the short term statistics for any frame are accurate, while the errors in long term statistics are small.
First-principles prediction of icosahedral quantum dots for tetravalent semiconductors

Despite the scientific importance of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), little is known about their structure other than the bulk form. Here, we show that one can join segments of tetravalent semiconductors into a seamless icosahedron. Calculations for Si show that pristine icosahedral QDs are more stable than bulklike ones for diameter $dl5\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$. Hydrogenated icosahedral quantum dots (IQDs) could also be stable and more atomiclike with larger level spacing and fivefold orbital degeneracy due to the ${I}_{h}$ symmetry not possible in the bulk. Experimental feasibility toward synthesizing the IQDs in Si and diamond is also discussed.
Soil properties change during the transition to integrated and organic apple production in a New York orchard

Abstract We investigated soil quality in a ‘Liberty’ apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard on ‘M.9’ rootstocks, during and after transition from conventional to integrated (IFP) and organic (OFP) fruit production systems. Chemical composition, physical properties, and biological properties were measured at 0–6 and 6–12 cm soil depths over four years. Weed coverage and biomass were also measured. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses determined soil bacterial and fungal community compositions. Mulch with infrequent herbicide application provided effective weed control in IFP, and increased soil organic matter, pH, nutrient availability, microbial biomass C, and microbial respiration. Mechanical cultivation and chicken manure compost were used for OFP, which increased soil porosity, decreased aggregate stability, and increased potentially mineralizable and total inorganic N. Under OFP, cultivation suppressed weeds for 2–4 week intervals, but overall weed coverage was greater than under IFP. For most measurements, minimal treatment differences were found at 6–12 cm soil depth. Sampling time influenced bacterial communities more than the treatments but by the final sampling dates, fungal communities in the 0–6 cm depth segregated by treatment. Soil quality did not improve as much in OFP as in the IFP system soil.
XML signature element wrapping attacks and countermeasures

Naive use of XML Signature may result in signed documents remaining vulnerable to undetected modification by an adversary. In the typical usage of XML Signature to protect SOAP messages, an adversary may be capable of modifying valid messages in order to gain unauthorized access to protected resources.This paper describes the general vulnerability and several related exploits, and proposes appropriate countermeasures. While the attacks described herein may se obvious to security experts once they are explained, effective countermeasures require careful security policy specification and correct implentation by signed message providers and consumers. Since these implenters are not always security experts, this paper provides the guidance necessary to prevent these attacks.
Vibrational predissociation in HD—HF

Abstract Total and partial decay widths are presented for vibrational predissociation of HD—HF for total angular momentum J =0 and for the dissociation process HD—HF( v =1) → HD( v =1) + HF( v =0), which is the dominant decaying channel. An absorbing boundary condition Green function method is employed in the numerical calculation for the decay width. The lifetime of the complex is determined from our calculation to be about 280 ps which is much smaller than that of D 2 HF and of H 2 HF obtained in our previous calculations. The rotational state distribution of the fragments shows that about 77% of the dissociation energy goes into rotations of the fragments with the dominant channel being HD( j =2) + HF( j =0), which accounts for about 70% of the rotation population.
A MOTHER'S LOVE: GENDER, ALTRUISM, AND SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATION

This article explores the concepts of altruism, spiritual connection, and shamanic healing as practiced by female curanderas in northern Peru. It suggests how coessence rather than transcendence is at the heart of the shamanic journey that both healers and patients embark upon in order to transform suffering. Using ethnographic and case-study research, it describes how the metaphors of maternal care, shared suffering, and compassionate love are used by female healers in this region to shape their patients' understandings of illness and health as well as to construct their own understandings of the shaman's role in their healing process. The healers studied adopt attitudes of acceptance, empathy, spiritual connection, and altruism as integral to their work and encourage their patients to do the same in order to regain a sense of mastery over their own suffering. Parallels are presented between the model of spiritual connection and healing described here and that described by both scholars of feminist theology and feminist spirituality such as Rosemary Radford Ruether and popular lecturers/authors such as Marianne Williamson.
Separation and Partial Characterization of the Peroxidases of Ficus glabrata Latex

SUMMARY Three protein components with peroxidase activity were separated from Ficus glabrata latex by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose at pH 7.0. Purification was aided by carboxymethyl cellulose adsorption and ammonium sulfate precipitation. These three components were identical to horse-radish peroxidase II with respect to molecular weights, absorption spectra, and activity-pH relationships. They differed markedly from horseradish peroxidase II with respect to isoelectric points [at pH 4.25–4.45 (acetate buffer), vs. pH 7.2]. They were more heat-stable than horse-radish peroxidase II. While one of the F. glabrata peroxidases had Vmax values similar to those of horse-radish peroxidase II on hydrogen peroxide and guaiacol, the other two F. glabrata peroxidases had quite different kinetic parameters. The three F. glabrata peroxidases differed in chromatographic, electrophoretic, heat stability, and kinetic properties (components B and C, vs. A), but all other properties measured were identical or similar for the three peroxidases.
Infrared spectroscopy of intraband transitions in Ge/Si quantum dot superlattices

We report the study of infrared spectroscopy of intraband transitions in Ge/Si quantum dot superlattices. The superlattices, which were grown on (001) oriented Si substrates by a solid source molecular beam epitaxy system, are composed mainly of 20 or 30 periods of Ge dot layers and Si spacer films. The structural properties of them and of the uncapped Ge dots grown on the surfaces of some of them were tested by cross-sectional transmission electron and atomic force microscopes, respectively. It is found that the Ge quantum dots have flat lens-like shapes. Infrared absorption signals peaking in the mid-infrared range were observed using Fourier transform infrared and Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques. Experimental and theoretical analysis suggests that the mid-infrared response be attributed to intraband transitions within the valence band of the Ge quantum dots in the superlattices. The fact that the intraband absorption is strongly polarized along the growth axis of the superlattices signifies that the Ge quantum dots with flat lens-like shapes perform as Ge/Si-based quantum wells. This study demonstrates the application potential of these kinds of Ge/Si quantum dot superlattices for developing mid-infrared photodetectors.
Effects of intense visible radiation on the increment-threshold spectral sensitivity of the rhesus monkey eye

Abstract The increment-threshold spectral sensitivity of adolescent rhesus monkeys was measured against intense spectral backgrounds, designed to isolate the response of each class of cones. The results are in good agreement with those produced by physical measurement techniques. Then functions were obtained against a 3400-td background of equal energy white before and after exposure for 1–2 hr/day for 6–10 consecutive days to spectral fields designed to maximally stimulate one of the receptor mechanisms. Two types of prolonged changes in sensitivity resulted: (1) an irreversible loss of sensitivity in only the violet and blue regions following exposure to narrow-band 463-nm light; (2) a change in sensitivity to the green through red region of the spectrum following exposure to longer wavelength light which in different animals began to recover after 1–6 days and was fully recovered by the 18th to 40th day. The effect of blue light exposure was fully accounted for by loss of response of the blue-sensitive, and of longer wavelength exposure by loss of response of the green-sensitive chromatic mechanism, because in each case the resultant functions could be modeled by omitting the one or the other.
Schistosoma mansoni Infection Impairs Antimalaria Treatment and Immune Responses of Rhesus Macaques Infected with Mosquito-Borne Plasmodium coatneyi

Malaria and schistosomiasis are the world's two most important parasitic infections in terms of distribution, morbidity, and mortality. In areas where Plasmodium and Schistosoma species are both endemic, coinfections are commonplace. Mouse models demonstrate that schistosomiasis worsens a malaria infection; however, just as mice and humans differ greatly, the murine-infecting Plasmodium species differ as much from those that infect humans. Research into human coinfections (Schistosoma haematobium-Plasmodium falciparum versus Schistosoma mansoni-P. falciparum) has produced conflicting results. The rhesus macaque model provides a helpful tool for understanding the role of S. mansoni on malaria parasitemia and antimalarial immune responses using Plasmodium coatneyi, a malaria species that closely resembles P. falciparum infection in humans. Eight rhesus macaques were exposed to S. mansoni cercariae. Eight weeks later, these animals plus 8 additional macaques were exposed to malaria either through bites of infected mosquitos or intravenous inoculation. When malaria infection was initiated from mosquito bites, coinfected animals displayed increased malaria parasitemia, decreased hematocrit levels, and suppressed malaria-specific antibody responses compared to those of malaria infection alone. However, macaques infected by intravenous inoculation with erythrocytic-stage parasites did not display these same differences in parasitemia, hematocrit, or antibody responses between the two groups. Use of the macaque model provides information that begins to unravel differences in pathological and immunological outcomes observed between humans with P. falciparum that are coinfected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium. Our results suggest that migration of malaria parasites through livers harboring schistosome eggs may alter host immune responses and infection outcomes.
Mitophagy Selectively Degrades Individual Damaged Mitochondria After Photoirradiation

Abstract Damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria are proposed to be removed by autophagy. However, selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has yet to be experimentally verified. In this study, we investigated the cellular fate of individual mitochondria damaged by photoirradiation in hepatocytes isolated from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein fused to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, a marker of forming and newly formed autophagosomes. Photoirradiation with 488-nm light induced mitochondrial depolarization (release of tetramethylrhodamine methylester [TMRM]) in a dose-dependent fashion. At lower doses of light, mitochondria depolarized transiently with re-polarization within 3 min. With greater light, mitochondrial depolarization became irreversible. Irreversible, but not reversible, photodamage induced autophagosome formation after 32±5 min. Photodamage-induced mitophagy was independent of TMRM, as photodamage also induced mitophagy in the a...
Thin-layer chromatography of synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides. Part III

Abstract Thin-layer chromatography on Avicel-cellulose plates has been developed for (i) efficient and easy fractionation of complex chemical reaction mixture such as polymerized thymidine 5′-phosphate, (ii) characterization of oligonucleotides, (iii) in situ quantitative analysis by reflectant spectrophotometry, (iv) in situ characterization of all four mononucleosides and mononucleotides by double scanning technique, and, finally, (v) fractionation of oligonucleotides on TLC plates on the preparative scale.
Romanian consumers' behaviour regarding organic food

Ecological agriculture is a modern agriculture with a high degree of economic efficiency and determines a new life philosophy at the producers’ and consumers’ level. At present, in Romania an intensive agriculture and an unintended biological agriculture is practised because of producers’ lack of money which does not allow them to buy the necessary chemical products. There are only a few ecological farms in Romania and their products are exported to a large extent. In the future the spreading of ecological farms and of ecological agriculture will succeed in creating the conditions for an institutional framework which takes into account the regional ecological situation. The institutional framework must stimulate and sustain the Romanian agricultural producers in the development of this agriculture type, because there is an important external demand and, in addition, through educating Romanian consumers.
Numeracy and Dietary Intake in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the association between numeracy and self-reported dietary intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsNumeracy and dietary intake were assessed with the validated Diabetes Numeracy Test and a validated food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 150 primary care patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial at an academic medical center between April 2008 and October 2009. Associations between numeracy and caloric and macronutrient intakes were examined with linear regression models.ResultsPatients with lower numeracy consumed a higher percentage of calories from carbohydrates and lower percentages from protein and fat. However, no differences in energy consumption or the percentage of energy intake owing to carbohydrates, fat, or protein were observed in adjusted analyses. Patients with lower numeracy were significantly more likely to report extremely high or low energy intake inconsistent with standard dietary intake.ConclusionsNumera...
TU‐E‐500‐01: Advanced Technologies for Breast RT

Breast conservation therapy (BCT) combining lumpectomy and post‐lumpectomy radiation therapy (RT) is a well established alternative to mastectomy for most patients with early stage breast cancer (ESBC). The fact that most of local recurrences occur in close proximity to the original tumor bed indicates that the whole breast irradiation (WBI) may not be necessary in all cases of ESBC. This led to the development of partial breast irradiation (PBI) which reduces the amount of irradiated normal tissue. Moreover, accelerated PBI can shorten the treatment time from 4–5 weeks for the current standard breast RT for ESBC to 5 days. In the current clinical practice of PBI, large CTV to PTV margins (e.g., 1.5 cm) are being used due to the variations in patient setup, anatomy change between treatment fractions, and respiratory motion during the treatment. These large margins limit the patient eligibility for PBI and lead to more normal tissue irradiated with high dose. Advanced technologies, including IMRT, IGRT, respiration motion management, and adaptive replanning, are being rapidly introduced in to the clinic to reduce these large margins and to enable conformal irradiation of either whole or partial breast. The purpose of this session is to review and update physicists on this exciting and rapidly developing area. Learning Objectives: 1. Understanding rationale, indications and promise for using advanced RT Technologies for breast cancer 2. Review of recent advances in imaging, planning, and delivery technologies for breast RT 3. Discussing clinical implementation, and experience for using the advanced technologies for breast RT
The chronopotentiometric behaviour of antioxidants and antiozonants at the graphite electrode

Abstract The ehronopotentiometric behaviour of the phenylenediamines, dihydroxybenzenes, and several commercial antioxidants and antiozonants, has been studied using a graphite indicating electrode. The advantages of using non-aqueous solvents such as ethanol and acetonitrile in such work are pointed out—in particular, a significant increase in the precision of the technique arising from the ability of the solvent to wet the electrode efficiently.
Evaluation of granulated BGO, GSO:Ce, YAG:Ce, CaF2:Eu and ZnS:Ag for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in a flow-cell radiation detector

Abstract Granulated BGO, GSO:Ce, YAG:Ce, and CaF 2 :Eu; CaF 2 :Eu coated with a fluorescent polymer, and combinations of coated and uncoated CaF 2 :Eu with ZnS:Ag were evaluated for their ability to discriminate between alpha and beta particles in a flow-cell radiation detector. The evaluations were based on the analysis of pulse shape spectra. Various granulated scintillators were packed into flow cell detectors that were coils of 3.0 mm OD×1.5 mm ID fluorinated ethylene propylene Teflon ® tubing positioned between dual photomultiplier tubes for analysis. The best pulse shape discrimination was obtained for a combination of equal masses of uncoated CaF 2 :Eu (63–90 μm) and ZnS:Ag (10 μm), which had a 9% spillover. Additional research is needed to reduce the spillover.
Low-profile ultra-wideband inverted-hat monopole antenna for 50 MHz-2 GHz operation

A compact low-profile UWB monopole antenna is proposed to operate from 50 MHz up to 2 GHz. The developed double-ellipse inverted-hat antenna (IHA) is 15 inches in aperture, 6 inches tall, and achieves 15 dBi gain at 75 MHz (when it is /10 in aperture size) in the presence of a finite 21 inch diameter ground plane, with the corresponding frequency being 50 MHz for an infinite ground plane. Calculated and measured gain data are given with reasonable agreement. The triple-ellipse IHA is investigated to resolve impedance matching issues at higher frequencies. Gain performance against antenna height and aperture are also studied. The proposed antenna is especially suited for small unmanned aerial vehicles.
Performing identities in illness narrative: masculinity and multiple sclerosis

Case studies have a valuable place in health research, including the increasingly popular illness narrative. In a thrice-told tale, I analyze and compare the performance of identities in two illnes...
Simulation analysis of school lunch planning policies

Abstract Numerical standards for school lunch nutrients are a welcome development but create dilemmas for selective menus with no track record of successful control. A multivariate statistical model together with computer simulation techniques are introduced to show that control of the joint probability of adequate nutrition is more beneficial and practical than is control of expected values. The approach also provides the computer technology for identifying and promoting balanced meal choices. A paradigm shift and multidisciplinary approaches are suggested for more effective utilization of mathematical models and computers.
Unified theory of CP-conserving and -violating weak interactions

Abstract Assuming the intermediate vector meson being a Yang-Mill field, one can treat all weak interaction phenomena involving both CP-conserving and violating processes in a unified manner. In this theory, the weak interaction violates CP maximally. Also, a notion of the weak SU(3) space in contrast to the ordinary hadronic SU(3) space has been introduced.