cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strength characterization of silicon microprobes in neurophysiological tissues

Experimentally determined strength characteristics of thin-silicon probes in neural tissues are discussed. It is shown that by proper selection of the substrate length, width, and thickness, silicon substrates can be designed and used to penetrate a variety of biological tissues without breakage or excessive dimpling. Thin-silicon structures have a maximum fracture stress which is a factor of six larger than that of bulk silicon and are very flexible and capable of bending to angles larger than 90 degrees . Silicon substrates 15 mu m thick*30 mu m wide can easily penetrate guinea pig and rat pia arachnoid layers with minimum dimpling and no breakage, while substrates 30 mu m thick*80 mu m wide can penetrate guinea pig and rat dura mater repeatedly without breakage. Quantitative comparison on the relative toughness of neurophysiological tissues in rat and guinea pig have also been experimentally obtained. >
Copula model generated by Dabrowska's association measure

SUMMARY We propose a new archimedean copula model for bivariate survival data that is motivated by Dabrowska's (1988) measure of association. The model can represent negatively correlated or moderately positively correlated data but not highly positively correlated data. Local and global measures of association are calculated. A generalisation is presented.
Adenovirus serotype 5 hexon is critical for virus infection of hepatocytes in vivo

Human species C adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most common viral vector used in clinical studies worldwide. Ad5 vectors infect liver cells in vivo with high efficiency via a poorly defined mechanism, which involves virus binding to vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors. Here, we report that the major Ad5 capsid protein, hexon, binds human coagulation factor X (FX) with an affinity of 229 pM. This affinity is 40-fold stronger than the reported affinity of Ad5 fiber for the cellular receptor coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, CAR. Cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle image reconstruction revealed that the FX attachment site is localized to the central depression at the top of the hexon trimer. Hexon-mutated virus bearing a large insertion in hexon showed markedly reduced FX binding in vitro and failed to deliver a transgene to hepatocytes in vivo. This study describes the mechanism of FX binding to Ad5 and demonstrates the critical role of hexon for virus infection of hepatocytes in vivo.
Lysenkoism in Poland

This article describes the impact of, and response to, Trofim D. Lysenko’s anti-genetics campaign in Poland between the years 1949 and 1956. It focuses particularly upon the response of three individuals – Teodor Marchlewski, Waclaw Gajewski, and Aleksandra Putrament – who were central figures in the controversy in Poland. In addition to examining the responses and motivations of these individuals, the article also addresses the question of why the Lysenko-era in Poland ended relatively earlier than in neighboring Soviet-allied states such as Hungary, East Germany or Czechoslovakia, as well as 9 years before Lysenko was forced from power in the USSR. I argue that conditions specific to Polish politics and Poland’s relationship with the Soviet Union, during the Thaw after Stalin’s death, provided the opponents of “Lysenkoism” in Poland with an opportunity to criticize Lysenko, and restore Polish genetics. These conditions are linked to the near-revolution in Poland following the strike in Poznan in June, 1956, and successful transition of power between Edward Ochab and Wladyslaw Gomulka the following October.
Prototypical metal/polymer hybrid cerebral aneurysm clip: in vitro testing for closing force, slippage, and computed tomography artifact. Laboratory investigation.

Object The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that a hybrid aneurysm clip with polymeric jaws bonded to a metal spring could provide mechanical properties comparable to those of an all-metal clip as well as diminished artifacts on computed tomography (CT) scanning. Methods Three clips were created, and Clips 1 and 2 were tested for mechanical properties. Clip 1 consisted of an Elgiloy spring (a cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy) bonded to carbon fiber limbs; Clip 2 consisted of an Elgiloy spring with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) jaws; and Clip 3 consisted of PMMA limbs identical to those in Clip 2 but bonded to a titanium spring. Custom testing equipment was set up to measure the aneurysm clip clamping forces and slippage. Clips 2 and 3 were visualized in vivo using a 64-slice CT unit, and the slices were reformatted into 3D images. Results According to the testing apparatus, Clip 2 had a similar closing force but less slippage than three similar commercial aneurysm clips. The artifact from the ...
Everything you wanted to know about selecting the “right” Actigraph accelerometer cut-points for youth, but…: A systematic review

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the evidence on the calibration of ActiGraph accelerometers to quantify moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for youth through the use of cut-points and describe the independent validation studies comparing the accuracy of the developed cut-points to a criterion measure. Design A systematic review. Methods Studies were identified that: (a) developed ActiGraph accelerometer cut-points for children and youth (calibration study); or (b) performed an independent validation of already established cut-points (validation study). Both calibration studies and independent validation studies were retrieved through a systematic search of online databases. According to proposed guidelines for designing accelerometer calibration studies, each calibration study was evaluated on the following criteria: quality of a criterion measure employed; epoch length; inclusion of a variety of activities; and sample size. Results A total of 11 calibration studies were identified. Two studies met all four criteria for a calibration study. A total of 4 independent validation studies were identified. Three of them reported that no cut-points accurately classified moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across all ranges of physical activity intensity levels in comparison to a criterion measure. The fourth study reported two sets of cut-points that under laboratory conditions, accurately classified moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to indirect calorimetry. Conclusions Limited evidence suggests that two sets of cut-points correctly classify ActiGraph counts into moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, limitations with calibration and validation studies indicate greater efforts aimed at designing high quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Ionic solvation in polar supercritical fluids: an integral equation study

Abstract A theoretical study of ion solvation in a polar supercritical solvent is reported. The solute–solvent microstructure is computed from the nonlocal integral equation theory and is shown to be in good agreement with simulation results. The nonlinear behavior of the solvation free energy of the ion in a highly compressible supercritical regime is rationalized in terms of a strong electrostriction effect. It is shown that the accuracy of the Born expression for the solvation energy can be substantially improved by taking into account the local solvent density augmentation around the ionic solute.
Multi-source energy harvester for wildlife tracking

Sufficient power supply to run GPS machinery and transmit data on a long-term basis remains to be the key challenge for wildlife tracking technology. Traditional way of replacing battery periodically is not only time and money consuming but also dangerous to live-trapping wild animals. In this paper, an innovative wildlife tracking device with multi-source energy harvester with advantage of high efficiency and reliability is investigated and developed. This multi-source energy harvester entails a solar energy harvester and an innovative rotational electromagnetic energy harvester is mounted on the “wildlife tracking collar” which will remarkably extend the duration of wild life tracking. A feedforward and feedback control of DC-DC converter circuit is adopted to passively realize the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) logic for the solar energy harvester. The rotational electromagnetic energy harvester can mechanically rectify the irregular bidirectional motion into unidirectional motion has been modeled and demonstrated.
Synthesis of Doped Rare Earth Manganate Perovskite Crystals Using Fused Salt Electrolysis

Abstract A facile method for the synthesis of doped lanthanum manganate crystals, suitable for the measurement of electrical and magnetic properties, is presented. Mixtures of sodium molybdate and molybdenum(VI) oxide are used as a solvent to which La 2 O 3 , MnCO 3 , and SrMoCO 4 are added as solutes which are then electrolyzed at 800–1040°C for varying lengths of time with Pt electrodes. Well-formed cubic crystals, with edge dimensions up to 1.5mm, form at the anode. Magnetization measurements show a transition to the ferromagnetic state in the temperature range ∼250–320 K, depending on the amount of aliovalent doping at the La sites. An insulator-to-metal transition is also observed in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic ordering temperature.
Tongue piercing: impact of time and barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping.

Background The increasing popularity of tongue piercing has prompted several case reports documenting oral complications of this practice. However, there are no studies assessing potentially significant parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time (years of wear) and tongue barbell size (stem length) on gingival recession and tooth chipping. Methods Fifty-two adults (mean age 22) with tongue piercings were examined for gingival recession on the lingual aspect of the 12 anterior teeth and for tooth chipping anywhere in the mouth. Subjects were grouped according to years of wear (0 to 2, 2 to 4, and 4+ years) and barbell stem length (long > or =1.59 cm, or short Results No subject with a tongue piercing Conclusions Tongue piercing is associated with lingual recession of mandibular anterior teeth and chipping of posterior teeth. Long-term use of a tongue barbell increases the prevalence of these complications. Barbell stem length appears to differentially affect prevalence of recession and chipping. Since the overwhelming majority of subjects with tongue piercings are young adults, cessation efforts are needed to target this population.
Digital Griots: African American Rhetoric in a Multimedia Age

Adam J. Banks, Digital Griots: African American Rhetoric in a Multimedia Age (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), ix + 187 pp. $22.00 (paper). Adam J. Banks's book Digital Griots...
Fused heterocyclic M1 positive allosteric modulators

Abstract Fused aromatics such as naphthalene were identified as highly potent and CNS penetrant M 1 positive allosteric modulators during an SAR study to replace the phenyl B-ring linkage.
The Significance of Modern Empiricism for History and Economics

The relation of theoretical economics to empirical historical analysis has been one of the central problems of economic historians ever since the recognition of economic history as a separate discipline. Recent studies in logic and philosophy, by constructing new frames of meaning for both theory and history, have opened up several avenues for a fresh approach to this and other problems of importance to the historian and the economist.
Soluble polymer-supported convergent parallel library synthesis

Soluble polymer-supported convergent synthesis has for the first time been successfully exploited for parallel library synthesis; sub-libraries of tripeptide iodoarenes and arylboronic acids reacted smoothly in a multipolymer PdII-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction to generate a library of bisaryl-linked hexapeptides.
Human cutaneous vascular responses to whole-body tilting, Gz centrifugation, and LBNP

We hypothesized that gravitational stimuli elicit cardiovascular responses in the following order with gravitational stress equalized at the level of the feet, from lowest to highest response: short-(SAC) and long-arm centrifugation (LAC), tilt, and lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Up to 15 healthy subjects underwent graded application of the four stimuli. Laser-Doppler flowmetry measured regional skin blood flow. At 0.6 G(z) (60 mmHg LBNP), tilt and LBNP similarly reduced leg skin blood flow to approximately 36% of supine baseline levels. Flow increased back toward baseline levels at 80-100 mmHg LBNP yet remained stable during 0.8-1.0 G(z) tilt. Centrifugation usually produced less leg vasoconstriction than tilt or LBNP. Surprisingly, SAC and LAC did not differ significantly. Thigh responses were less definitive than leg responses. No gravitational vasoconstriction occurred in the neck. All conditions except SAC increased heart rate, according to our hypothesized order. LBNP may be a more effective and practical means of simulating cardiovascular effects of gravity than centrifugation.
Summary of results of a recent sea clutter measurement program

Measurements of the distribution of reflectivity ( \sigma_{0} ) are presented for the sea at X band.
Cyclic-prefix CDMA: an improved transmission method for broadband DS-CDMA cellular systems

This paper describes a novel type of single-carrier DS-CDMA system that combines the use of OFDM-style cyclic prefixes with frequency-domain equalization, for use on the forward link of broadband CDMA cellular systems. The proposed method is referred to as CP-CDMA. The combination of cyclic prefixes and MMSE frequency-domain equalization solves many of the performance and complexity problems that arise in CDMA receivers when techniques such as multi-level modulation and full code usage are employed. Simulation results are presented for a 20 MHz system with multi-level modulation and these results are compared to the performance of a conventional CDMA system with either a RAKE receiver or a time-domain equalizer. Results indicate that CP-CDMA provides significantly improved performance, yet has lower complexity than the time-domain equalized system.
An evaluation study of traditional and neural network techniques for image processing applications

A comparative study of the artificial neural computing and traditional approaches to image processing is performed. The major goal is to determine the usefulness of artificial neural systems (ANSs) for such image processing applications as histogramming and image encoding. The paradigm used was developed from a C programming language model of a perceptron ANS with consideration of backpropagation attributes. It is found that the ANS approach produces results similar to those of traditional techniques. >
Spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with congestive heart failure attributable to hyperinsulinism.

ABSTRACT Objective To report a case of spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with congestive heart failure in an adult. Methods We describe a 72-year-old man in whom profound hypoglycemia (serum glucose level, 21 mg/dL) developed during an exacerbation of heart failure. Clinical and laboratory data are reviewed. Results An inverse relationship was found between both serum insulin and C peptide levels and serum glucose level. Serum glipizide and glyburide levels were undetectable, and no insulinoma was found on radiologic imaging. Hypoglycemia resolved after alleviation of the congestive heart failure. Conclusion In this case, the hypoglycemia was attributed to hyperinsulinemia. Possible mechanisms include impaired insulin degradation and shunting of portal blood into the systemic circulation. (Endocr Pract. 1998;4:94-95)
Internet Governance: Is it finally time to drop the training wheels?

In March 2014 the US Government announced its intent to transition away from the current system of oversight of core Internet functions, and move the obligations of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) over to the international multi-stakeholder community. The current contract is set to expire on 30 September 2015, and thenceforth a new globalised model has the opportunity to come into being. This article describes the current Internet governance model, and the process towards a future mode of operation.
Towards automating object-oriented analysis

Requirement analysis is one of the most important phases of application development. Numerous techniques for object-oriented analysis have been proposed. Automation in these methodologies, however, consist mostly of editors that support notation. Automating parts of the requirements analysis strategy will lead to more standardized specifications, will increase productivity and may reduce the number of bugs at this crucial stage. Unlike notation which is static and can be easily formalized, the strategy of requirements analysis is dynamic making its formalization difficult. Further, it is not even clear which parts of the strategy can be formalized. In this paper the authors present a framework for automating strategies of object-oriented analysis and describe a prototype system, CanVVaS, (Capture, Validation, Verification, and Synthesis) they have constructed to explore these issues. >
Update on RF system studies and VCX fast tuner work for the RIA driver linac

The limited cavity beam loading conditions anticipated for the Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) create a situation where microphonic-induced cavity detuning dominates radio frequency (RF) coupling and RF system architecture choices in the linac design process. Where most superconducting electron and proton linacs have beam-loaded bandwidths that are comparable to or greater than typical microphonic detuning bandwidths on the cavities, the beam-loaded bandwidths for many heavy-ion species in the RIA driver linac can be as much as a factor of 10 less than the projected 80-150 Hz microphonic control window for the RF structures along the driver, making RF control problematic. While simply overcoupling the coupler to the cavity can mitigate this problem to some degree, system studies indicate that for the low-/spl beta/ driver linac alone, this approach may cost 50% or more than an RF system employing a voltage controlled reactance (VCX) fast tuner. An update of these system cost studies, along with the status of the VCX work being done at Lawrence Livermore National Lab is presented here.
A lower bound for the variation of a band-limited random process

Based on the inequality, sin θ ≥ (2θ/π) + (θ/12π) [π2- 4θ2] for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 a lower bound greater than that of Papoulis is obtained.
Collaborative and secure resource management with distributed agents

As an increasing number of people communicate and collaborate computationally over the Internet, the need for a collaborative environment that facilitates secure and reliable access to large quantities of distributed resources has become manifest. However the breadth of resource distribution makes it difficult for Internet users to acquire the necessary resources for collaborative computing. We have developed a framework for an efficient infrastructure that provides a reasonable mapping between users and resources distributed over the Internet. The proposed framework contributes: an authority mechanism that can be applied to independent and widely distributed resource-providers; a resource hierarchy for partitioning global resource spaces into manageable subspaces; and systematic management of dynamic groups of users and resources running on different sites. This paper describes the schema and processes for resource partition, mapping, negotiation, and forming a resource domain in our framework.
Clinical Observations: Ten Years Later: Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)? A Team-Oriented Approach

The identification of areas for performance improvement has originated from many sources and is best achieved through a collaborative effort from all health care team members. In 1987, five individuals spearheaded an organization-wide program to develop an optimal system for processing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) from initial order through administration. Secondary goals included staff education, improved patient care and monitoring, and an increase in interdisciplinary communication. Outcomes measured included cost data and patient outcomes. Key changes brought about by this group included a TPN form that was focused on patient needs and was also was used as an education tool, hospital-wide policy/procedure changes, and patient/staff education tools. Organizational improvements included a 60% decrease in inventory supplies, 59% increase in appropriate orders, and an 80% decline in nursing time. Overall changes resulted in an 843% reduction in TPN cost/day. The added benefits of “spin off” programs h...
Charts of the 10% and 50% Points of the Operating Characteristic Curves for Fixed Effects Analysis of Variance F Tests, α = 0.01 and 0.05

TABLES of the power functions for fixed effects analysis of variance F tests have been published by Tang [4 ] and Lehmer [2 ] and charts of these power functions have been presented by Pearson and Hartley [3 ] and Fox [1 ]. Pearson and Hartley offer eight charts of power curves for a = 0.01 and a = 0.05 and degrees of freedom fi from 1 to 8 and f2 from 6 to oc. They cover eight pages, one for each value of fi. Fox gives lines of constant ( (defined below) for P = 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 and a = 0.01 and 0.05, and values of f, from 3 to X and values of f2 from 4 to oo. Single charts are for a specified value of a and P.
Novel Organic Composites Based on N-Substituted Quinacridone Derivatives for Molecular Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Molecular organic light emitting diodes (MOLEDs) where the active emitting layer has been doped with quinacridones (DHQ), ethyl (DEQ) and benzyl (DBQ) N-substituted quinacridones have been fabricated by high vacuum vapor deposition. These very bright and highly efficient MOLEDs are compared in terms of optimum dopant concentration, spectral characteristics and device efficiencies. DHQ, DEQ and DBQ aggregates formed by plane to plane stacking seem to be responsible for luminescence quenching observed at high dopant concentration. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the N-H moiety and the carbonyl oxygen does not play a major role in the quenching process for DHQ-doped AlQ3 composites.
Role of crystal structure and junction morphology on interface thermal conductance

We argue that the relative thermal conductance between interfaces with different morphologies is controlled by crystal structure through ${M}_{\mathrm{min}}/{M}_{c}g1$, the ratio between the minimum mode count on either side ${M}_{\mathrm{min}}$, and the conserving modes ${M}_{c}$ that preserve phonon momentum transverse to the interface. Junctions with an added homogenous layer, ``uniform,'' and ``abrupt'' junctions are limited to ${M}_{c}$, while junctions with interfacial disorder, ``mixed,'' exploit the expansion of mode spectrum to ${M}_{\mathrm{min}}$. In our studies with cubic crystals, the largest enhancement of conductance from ``abrupt'' to ``mixed'' interfaces seems to be correlated with the emergence of voids in the conserving modes, where ${M}_{c}=0$. Such voids typically arise when the interlayer coupling is weakly dispersive, making the bands shift rigidly with momentum. Interfacial mixing also increases alloy scattering, which reduces conductance in opposition with the mode spectrum expansion. Thus the conductance across a ``mixed'' junction does not always increase relative to that at a ``uniform'' interface.
Transformational Change at Babson College Notes From the Firing Line

This article describes the transformational change at Babson College in Wellesley, Massachusetts. By any measure, Babson College is a different and dramatically better place than it was 10 years ag...
Abnormal prothrombin crossed-immunoelectrophoresis in patients with lupus inhibitors.

Prothrombin deficiency has been known to occur in association with lupus inhibitors for over 25 years. We studied 21 patients with lupus inhibitors and found that four of five with prothrombin deficiency and ten of 16 with quantitatively normal prothrombin had abnormal prothrombin crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) characterized by material moving slower in the first dimension of electrophoresis than normal prothrombin. In two patients with prothrombin deficiency, all prothrombin measured by quantitative assay and all slow-moving material on CIEP were removed by treatment with Staphylococcal protein A (SPA). These patients had free antibody, which bound to normal plasma prothrombin, forming larger amounts of slow-moving material on CIEP. A third patient with prothrombin deficiency had only partial removal of prothrombin after SPA treatment. Two patients with quantitatively normal prothrombin had all slow-moving material on CIEP and about one fourth of the prothrombin by quantitative assay removed by SPA treatment. There was no correlation among the strength of the inhibitor, the presence of a “cofactor effect,” and the prothrombin abnormality. These data suggest that heterogeneous antiprothrombin antibodies, with or without prothrombin deficiency, are present in the majority of patients with lupus inhibitors.
Separation of agar colony forming cells from rat bone marrow.

SummaryRat bone marrow cells formed colonies in agar after stimulation by colony stimulating factor (CSF) obtained from endotoxin-injected rats.Separation of rat agar colony forming cells (CFCs) was performed on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient (BSA). Cell fractions obtained between 26.5 and 29.0% BSA showed enrichment for rat agar colony forming cells when cultured with CSF. Although the cell separation has not been complete the present studies support the contention that a subpopulation of cells intermediate between small lymphocytes and “blast” cells and resembling “transitional cells” are responsible for the agar colonies produced.
Free Fragments of γ Chain in the Urine: A Possible Source of Confusion with γ Heavy-chain Disease

With currently used microconcentrators, high-resolution electrophoresis, and immunofixation electrophoresis, relatively homogeneous free fragments of gamma chain (FFGC) unaccompanied by light chains, which cannot be found in the serum, may be discovered in the alpha-2 region during routine examination of the urine. The urinary alpha-migrating FFGC is of no apparent clinical significance and should not be confused with the antigenically related FFGCs of gamma heavy-chain disease. In gamma heavy-chain disease, the FFGCs are often demonstrable in the urine, but are always present in the serum and migrate in the beta-gamma region.
119. Modeling an autism risk factor in mice leads to permanent changes in the immune system

Increasing evidence suggests a role for the immune system in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) pathogenesis. Studies have reported immune dysregulation in the brain, periphery and gastrointestinal tract in ASD. Furthermore, maternal infection (immune activation, MIA) is a risk factor for ASD. Modelling this risk factor in mice yields offspring with the cardinal behavioral and neuropathological symptoms of human ASD. In this study, we ask if MIA offspring also exhibit abnormal neural, peripheral or enteric immunity. We find that these offspring display altered immune profiles and function. In addition, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from MIA offspring exhibit altered lineage potential and differentiation. To examine whether immune dysfunction contributes to ASD pathogenesis, we behaviorally assess MIA offspring that have been repopulated with naive bone marrow. To explore the potential for prenatal programming of long-term immune dysfunction, we examine whether transferring HSCs from MIA offspring into naive mice can induce cell-autonomous immune abnormalities.
Genetically Determined EEG Fingerprint of Sleep

The influence of genetic factors on the individual profile of sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra at the 8 to 16 Hz frequency range during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was determined by recording 40 monozygotic and dizygotic twins during sleep.
Explicit Sexual Movie Viewing in the United States According to Selected Marriage and Lifestyle, Work and Financial, Religion and Political Factors

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate explicit sexual movie use among men and women in the United States according to relationship, lifestyle, work, financial, religious, and political factors. Analyses involved 11,372 adults who responded to questions about demographics and explicitly sexual movie use in the General Social Survey (GSS) from 2000 to 2014. Viewing of an explicit sexual movie in the previous year was significantly greater in men than women (35 vs. 16%); Blacks than Whites (33 vs. 22%); and never married (41 vs. 18% married, 31% separated, and 24% divorced). It also decreased with older age, higher education, and more children in the household. After model adjustment for these variables, viewing an explicit sexual movie was associated with a number of relationship, lifestyle, financial, religious, political, and other variables. For example, viewing such movies was related to less happiness in marriage, multiple sex partners in past year, less satisfaction with one’s financial situation, no religious preference, and a more liberal political orientation. The effect of some variables on pornography viewing differed between men and women. For example, out of men and women who consider themselves to be “not spiritual”, men were more likely to view pornography than women. Explicit sexual movie viewing is associated with factors from diverse domains, including poorer relationship quality, more liberal sexual views and practices, poorer economic conditions, lower religious orientation or commitment, and more liberal political views.
Low-Effort Information Searching: The Heuristic Information-Seeking Toolkit

ABSTRACTHow do academic library users search for scholarly information? While there are many possible ways, research from several scholarly fields offers a useful perspective; studies from social psychology, economics, and library and information science suggest that users will often favor “low-effort” information-seeking approaches. Though many academic librarians undoubtedly advocate efficient information-seeking strategies, we argue that development of a more systematic and coordinated low-effort approach would be beneficial. Accordingly, this article offers an organized “toolkit” of low-effort information-seeking strategies suitable for self-use by library patrons or inclusion in library instruction programs.
Teaching NeuroImages: Traumatic blown pupil without herniation.

A 29-year-old man was struck by a car and presented with coma and a fixed, dilated left pupil without oculomotor palsy (figure 1). A head CT revealed central midbrain hemorrhage in the absence of uncal herniation (figure 2). Intracranial pressure was normal. At 6 months, he had regained consciousness and reactivity of the left pupil, and was independent in activities of daily living. The syndrome of acute traumatic midbrain hemorrhage is a rare form of coma and abnormal pupils.1 The unreactive pupil and lack of oculomotor palsy in our patient reflect the somatotopic map within the midbrain, namely, that pupillomotor axons from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus run rostral and medial to the oculomotor fibers that eventually comprise the oculomotor nerve.2
Game-Theoretic Goal Recognition Models with Applications to Security Domains

Motivated by the goal recognition (GR) and goal recognition design (GRD) problems in the artificial intelligence (AI) planning domain, we introduce and study two natural variants of the GR and GRD problems with strategic agents, respectively. More specifically, we consider game-theoretic (GT) scenarios where a malicious adversary aims to damage some target in an (physical or virtual) environment monitored by a defender. The adversary must take a sequence of actions in order to attack the intended target. In the GTGR and GTGRD settings, the defender attempts to identify the adversary’s intended target while observing the adversary’s available actions so that he/she can strengthens the target’s defense against the attack. In addition, in the GTGRD setting, the defender can alter the environment (e.g., adding roadblocks) in order to better distinguish the goal/target of the adversary.
Disentangling the long-term effects of disturbance on soil biogeochemistry in a wet tropical forest ecosystem.

Climate change is increasing the intensity of severe tropical storms and cyclones (also referred to as hurricanes or typhoons), with major implications for tropical forest structure and function. These changes in disturbance regime are likely to play an important role in regulating ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics in tropical and subtropical forests. Canopy opening and debris deposition resulting from severe storms have complex and interacting effects on ecosystem biogeochemistry. Disentangling these complex effects will be critical to better understand the long-term implications of climate change on ecosystem C and nutrient dynamics. In this study, we used a well-replicated, long-term (10 years) canopy and debris manipulation experiment in a wet tropical forest to determine the separate and combined effects of canopy opening and debris deposition on soil C and nutrients throughout the soil profile (1 m). Debris deposition alone resulted in higher soil C and N concentrations, both at the surface (0-10 cm) and at depth (50-80 cm). Concentrations of NaOH-organic P also increased significantly in the debris deposition only treatment (20-90 cm depth), as did NaOH-total P (20-50 cm depth). Canopy opening, both with and without debris deposition, significantly increased NaOH-inorganic P concentrations from 70 to 90 cm depth. Soil iron concentrations were a strong predictor of both C and P patterns throughout the soil profile. Our results demonstrate that both surface- and subsoils have the potential to significantly increase C and nutrient storage a decade after the sudden deposition of disturbance-related organic debris. Our results also show that these effects may be partially offset by rapid decomposition and decreases in litterfall associated with canopy opening. The significant effects of debris deposition on soil C and nutrient concentrations at depth (>50 cm), suggest that deep soils are more dynamic than previously believed, and can serve as sinks of C and nutrients derived from disturbance-induced pulses of organic matter inputs.
I Wanna Play Too: Factors Related to Changes in Social Behavior for Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder After Implementation of a Structured Outdoor Play Curriculum.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties interacting with same-aged peers during unstructured play (e.g., on the playground). Thirty-five toddler and preschool children with and without ASD participated in a structured 15-min outdoor play curriculum. The intervention, the Buddy Game, used familiar songs, movement, and games to promote peer social interaction. A 2 × 3 ANOVA assessed changes in overall targeted social behaviors during baseline, the Buddy Game, and generalization to free-pay. Multiple regression analyses examined factors related to increases in social interactions. Predictors were ASD status of child and age of child. Results indicated the Buddy Game increased overall social interactions and that social interactions were influenced more by ASD status than age. Implications for practitioners are highlighted.
Cancer prevention through miRNAs: miR-206 prevents the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by attenuating c-MET signaling and cell-cycle progression via cyclin D1 and CDK6.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with over 80% of cases diagnosed in developing countries in sub-Sahara Africa and Southeast Asia (1). In the United States alone, HCC incidence has more than tripled over the past three decades due to an increased prevalence of liver cirrhosis, which is the major risk factor for HCC.
Stochastic Linear Controlled Systems with Quadratic Cost Revisited

The subject of this article is quite classical. Indeed, the study of optimal control for continuous time diffusion processes began in the early 1960s with the stochastic linear regulator problem. We refer the reader to [1], [2], [3], [4], [8], and [9] for the literature and historical remarks related to the subject.
The forensic toxicology of cocaine (1971-1976)

It is the general purpose of this study-report to assess the role of cocaine in postmortem, medieolegal investigation, and a primary, particular objective is to determine whether cocaine is significant as a causative agent in a growing number of sudden, unexplained deaths. The significance can be evaluated in terms of either the absolute number of deaths directly attributable to cocaine ingestion or relative to fatalities caused by other abused and misused drugs. A total of only 111 cases involving cocaine occurred at 27 study sites, encompassing a jurisdictional population of 79.2 million over a five- to six-year period ending in mid-1976. Further, of the total cases, only 26 involved cocaine alone.
Implicit Multifunction Theorems

We prove a general implicit function theorem for multifunctions with a metric estimate on the implicit multifunction and a characterization of its coderivative. Traditional open covering theorems, stability results, and sufficient conditions for a multifunction to be metrically regular or pseudo-Lipschitzian can be deduced from this implicit function theorem. We prove this implicit multifunction theorem by reducing it to an implicit function/solvability theorem for functions. This approach can also be used to prove the Robinson–Ursescu open mapping theorem. As a tool for this alternative proof of the Robinson–Ursescu theorem, we also establish a refined version of the multidirectional mean value inequality which is of independent interest.
Gold Coating of Fiber Tips in Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

We report what is believed to be the first experimental demonstration of gold coating by a chemical baking process on tapered fiber tips used in near-field scanning optical microscopy. Many tips can be simultaneously coated.
Creative and Entitled: How the Creative Identity Promotes Dishonesty

Recent research has highlighted the dark side of creativity. This article expands that research by demonstrating how a self-concept as creative can lead to dishonesty. To explain this effect, this ...
Association of Wearable Activity Monitors With Assessment of Daily Ambulation and Length of Stay Among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery.

Importance Early postoperative ambulation is vital to minimizing length of stay (LOS), but few hospitals objectively measure ambulation to predict outcomes. Wearable activity monitors have the potential to transform assessment of postoperative ambulation, but key implementation data, including whether digitally monitored step count can identify patients at risk for poor efficiency outcomes, are lacking. Objectives To define the distribution of digitally measured daily step counts after major inpatient surgical procedures, to assess the accuracy of physician assessment and ordering of ambulation, and to quantify the association of digitally measured step count with LOS. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, an urban tertiary referral center. Participants were patients undergoing 8 inpatient operations (lung lobectomy, gastric bypass, hip replacement, robotic cystectomy, open colectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic colectomy) from July 11, 2016, to August 30, 2017. Interventions Use of activity monitors to measure daily postoperative step count. Main Outcomes and Measures Operation-specific daily step count, daily step count by physician orders and assessment, and a prolonged LOS (>70th percentile for each operation). Results Among 100 patients (53% female), the mean (SD) age was 53 (18) years, and the median LOS was 4 days (interquartile range, 3-6 days). There was a statistically significant increase in daily step count with successive postoperative days in aggregate (r = 0.55; 95% bootstrapped CI, 0.47-0.62;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, digitally measured step count up to 1000 steps on postoperative day 1 was associated with lower probability of a prolonged LOS. Wearable activity monitors improved the accuracy of assessment of daily step count over the current standard of care, providing an opportunity to identify patients at risk for poor efficiency outcomes.
Erythropoietin inhalation enhances adult canine alveolar-capillary formation following pneumonectomy

Paracrine erythropoietin (EPO) signaling in the lung recruits endothelial progenitor cells, promotes cell maturation and angiogenesis, and is upregulated during canine postpneumonectomy (PNX) compe...
FE simulation of ceiling deployment of a large-scale inflatable structure for tunnel sealing

Abstract Transportation tunnels such as railway or subway tunnels in large metropolitan areas have been identified as particularly vulnerable to different threats such as propagation of toxic gases, smoke originated by human activities, or flooding originated by climatic events such as hurricanes and severe weather. The implementation of large-scale inflatable structures to plug specific locations of the tunnel system to minimize the consequences of the propagation of disastrous events is now possible. However, even with the successful results obtained in experimental evaluations, the development of simulations that can predict the performance of the inflatable in advance to reduce the number of experimental iterations is still essential. The finite element simulations presented in this work are focused on reproducing deflation, folding, and placement procedures followed by the simulation of deployment and inflation of a large-scale inflatable from the ceiling of a tunnel segment. Simulation results show that a very compact shape can be achieved by implementing a controlled deflation and a combination of translational and rotational planes to reach the final folded shape. Moreover, the implementation of passive restrainers to control the movement and release of the membrane during different stages of the deployment contributed to reach higher levels of local conformity of the inflatable to the tunnel perimeter, which also translated in a better sealing capacity of the inflatable to the tunnel profile by approximately 16% increase in the contact surface area.
Testing Periods and Outcome Determination in Criminal Cases

This Article introduces the concept of “Testing Periods” to explain how U.S. courts sort criminal defendants for incarceratory and non-incarceratory results. A Testing Period is a time period during which a criminal defendant agrees to abide by a set of prospective rules (such as avoiding “dirty urines” and remaining “clean” from drugs and alcohol), typically, but not always, as a function of plea bargaining. Prosecutors and judges set the rules, and defendants must demonstrate that they can follow the rules to pass the test and successfully avoid prison. Juries play no role in the system, and due process requirements diverge sharply from traditional norms. The outcomes of most criminal cases are now determined through Testing Periods, which go by varied names like probation, problem-solving courts, suspended sentences, conditional plea agreements, and deferred adjudication. The pervasiveness of Testing Periods has changed the orientation of outcome determination in criminal cases away from a retrospective analysis to a prospective one: Outcomes no longer depend on a backward-looking examination of the facts of a criminal charge, but instead on whether a defendant can pass a forward-looking test. The power to create and administer Testing Periods has become the power to determine who goes to prison and for what reason. The Article concludes that the widespread use of Testing Periods has recreated dynamics from a much older method of resolving criminal cases: the testing models used in the medieval ordeal system to separate “clean” defendants from “dirty” ones, and the “worthy” from the “unworthy.”
To make the whirling world stand still: writing scholarship for social justice in the Trump era

AbstractThis essay describes how, as a scholar in gender diverse childhoods, I was collecting ethnographic data at the time of the 2016 election, and how this experience led to a series of jarring ...
The Increasing Age of TBI Patients at a Single Level 1 Trauma Center and the Discordance Between GCS and CT Rotterdam Scores in the Elderly.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently encountered in geriatric patients, but there is a paucity of data describing TBI in the elderly. Here, we show the age of patients with TBI is increasing at our medical center and discuss the relationship between age and injury severity with patient outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 3,179 adult patients with TBI treated at the University of California, Davis Level 1 Trauma Center between 2009 and 2016. Age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and CT Rotterdam Scores were recorded. Age was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable (18-34, 35-50, 51-65, >65 years-old). Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale was obtained at 3 and 6 months and dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable outcomes. Multivariable general linear regression models, chi-square, logistic regression analyses and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses; a p 65 group had a 4-fold increased risk for unfavorable outcome when compared to the 18-34 group, this effect being most pronounced after mild TBI. Conclusions: The mean age of TBI patients is increasing at our trauma center. The largest disparity in outcomes across age was seen in patients with a mild GCS and low CT Rotterdam Scores, suggesting that these markers of injury severity may underestimate the severity of injury in the elderly population. This information highlights the need for clinical trials and validation of outcome markers in geriatric TBI.
Neuroprotein Targets of γ-Diketone Metabolites of Aliphatic and Aromatic Solvents That Induce Central–Peripheral Axonopathy:

Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic occupational and deliberate overexposure to neurotoxic organic solvents results from axonal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human and experimental studies show that axonopathy is triggered by the action of neuroprotein-reactive γ-diketone metabolites formed from exposure to certain aliphatic solvents (n-hexane, 2-hexanone) and aromatic compounds (1,2-diethylbenzene, 1,2-4-triethylbenzene, 6-acetyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetralin). Neuroprotein susceptibility is related primarily to their differential content of lysine, the ∊-amino group of which is targeted by γ-diketones. Specific neuroprotein targets have been identified, and the sequence of molecular mechanisms leading to axonal pathology has been illuminated. While occupational n-hexane neuropathy continues to be reported, lessons learned from its experimental study may have relevance to other causes of peripheral neuropathy, including those associated with aging and diabetes mellitus.
Abstract 347: Can Radiation Exposure in the Catheterization Lab be Controlled With an Increasing Frequency of Complex and High Risk Procedures?

Background: Radiation [stochastic and deterministic] exposes patients and providers that must be balanced against the benefits achieved. Data derived from high exposure events has resulted in a goa...