cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The postovulatory cat oviduct and uterus: correlation of morphological features with progesterone receptor levels.

Oviducts and uteri were obtained from cats at estrus and up to 14 days after coitus. Progesterone binding sites were estimated by Scatchard analysis, serum levels of progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay, and key morphological parameters of the lining of the epithelium of the oviduct and the deep uterine glands were quantitated. Progesterone cytosol binding was hightest at estrus, significantly depleted by day 4, and continued a gradual decline out to day 14 in both tissues. Nuclear binding was markedly elevated at day 4; with time the binding decreased until by day 14 it was equal to or lower than detected at estrus. The initial depletion of cytosol binding and rise in nuclear binding coincided with the initial rise in serum progesterone levels. Within the oviduct, the increase in nuclear binding coincided with the onsdet of regressive changes within the epithelium. These changes included atrophy, deciliation, and apotosis. Within the uterine glands, the increase in nuclear binding coincided with the onset of the progestational response. This response included cell hypertrophy, glycogen synthesis and deposition, and with longer exposure to elevated levels of progesterone, the disappearance of these glycogen deposits. These results clearly illustrate the immediate effect of low levels of progesterone on the subcellular compartmentalization of the progesterone receptor system, and the down regulation of the total receptor system when target tissues are exposed to a continuous elevation of serum progesterone. These result also illustrate that similar changes in receptor compartmentalization induce different morphological responses within target tissues from the same animal.
Novel polymeric monofilament post-treatment study involving time-of-flight measurements

The goal of polymeric fiber post-treatment is to achieve--under reproducible, nontransient conditions--significant enhancement of the mechanical properties of drawn fiber over those of undrawn fiber. Mechanical property enhancement is closely tied to macroscale orientation imparted to the monofilament through a combination of heat and draw over a short period of time. Drawing is difficult to characterize because the effective draw ratio, (lambda) , varies as a function of time before it may reach a steady-state value. As a result, the monofilament line may break or develop nonuniform mechanical properties before the limiting regime is reached. A pilot device has been designed and built to characterize and control the vital parameters associated with monofilament post-treatment in order to study the conditions which lead to production of superior fiber product. This monofilament post-treatment device incorporates real-time computer feedback, microcontroller processing, and laser interruption time-of-flight techniques to study the conditions leading to steady-state, maximal draw of polyester blend fibers. The applications of this device are broad: it may be used to study the transient drawing behavior of an extensive variety of monofilaments.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of human placental microsomes: Relationship to aromatase

Abstract The constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity of human placental microsomes from non-smokers was acutely inhibited by a number of androgens which serve as substrates for and/or competitive inhibitors of estrogen synthesis by the aromatase activity of these preparations. 10β-(2-Propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, androgen derivatives which produce a mechanism-based, time-dependent inactivation of placental aromatase caused a cofactor-dependent decay in deethylase activity which paralleled the loss of aromatase activity caused by these agents and which was antagonized by aromatase substrates. Conversely, 7-ethyoxycoumarin antagonized the time-dependent action of 10β-(2-propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17-dione and 4-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione on aromatase and inhibited competitively the aromatization of 4-androstene-3,17-dione. The Ki for 7-ethoxycoumarin was equivalent to its Km as substrate for deethylation. It is concluded that a common oxidase species is responsible for both the aromatase and constitutive 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities of human placental microsomes.
Manipulation of the rate of hydrolysis of polymer-drag conjugates: the degree of hydration

Abstract The feasibility of manipulating the kinetics of hydrolysis of polymers by programmed changes is their water content during the solvolytic process has been demonstrated. A series of four copolymers with different proportions of 2- p -nitrobenzoxyethyl methacrylate (NBEMA) and methoxydiethoxyethyl methacrylate (MDEEMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization. The water content of the resulting hydrogels increased from 32 to 63 w/w% as the proportion of NBEMA was reduced from 20 to 5 mol%. The kinetics of hydrolysis of the p -nitrobenzoate ester were determined by measurement of the consumption of hydroxide ion at pH 10.5,25 °C, and the diffusion of p -nitrobenzoate anion from the hydrogels. The 5 mol% NBEMA copolymer exhibited first order kinetics; the 10, 15 and 20% copolymers showed an increasing divergence towards zero order kinetics as the initial hydrophobicity of the hydrogel increased until, for the 20 mol% copolymer, both the hydrolysis and diffusional release profiles assumed an S-shaped profile. The fractional water content [ H 2 O]of the hydrolyzing gel was related empirically to the residual ester content [E]by the expression: [H 2 O]= A−B/(C − [E]). Using this relationship, the observed kinetics could be reproduced by assuming that the hydrolysis rate constant increased in proportional to [H 2 O] 3 . This empirical relationship may be used to predict and manipulate the kinetics of drug delivery for side chain substituted polymers with similar degrees of hydration.
Electroconformational coupling and membrane protein function.

ENERGETIC COUPLING OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS WITH THE TRANSMEMBRANE ELECTRIC FIELD 1. Structural Basis 2. Effects of Electric Field on Enzyme Activity 3. Some Examples in Experiment (a) Electroconformational transition (b) Electroporation (c) Influence on rates of active transport and energy conversion (d) Influence on aHinities (e) Membrane assemblage (f) Signal transducers (g) Stark effect on photoexcitation of retinal (h) [Na,K]-A TPase (i) ATP synthesis
A single valued time to pulse height converter using tunnel diodes

Abstract A time to pulse height converter is described which has a single valued pulse height vs time characteristics, rather than the usual double valued one. A narrow, delayed spike from the “start” channel is summed with a wide pulse from the “stop” channel and applied to a tunnel diode used as a switch. The switching characteristic of the tunnel diode automatically provides the desired pulse height vs. time characteristic, without the need for auxiliary circuits. Circuit details and results are given. Singles feedthrough is discussed.
The suppressive effects of LiCl, sucrose, and drugs of abuse are modulated by sucrose concentration in food-deprived rats

Suppression of intake of a gustatory conditioned stimulus (CS) occurs when paired with either an aversive or an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). Toxic substances, such as lithium chloride (LiCl), induce conditioned taste aversions while rewarding stimuli, such as high a concentration of sucrose, reduce intake through a comparison process referred to as anticipatory contrast. Drugs of abuse also suppress CS intake, but it is not known whether they do so via their rewarding or aversive properties. Using 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 M sucrose solutions as the gustatory CS, we compared the suppressive effects of LiCl (5.29 mg/kg), morphine (15 mg/kg), cocaine (10 mg/kg), and a 1.0-M sucrose solution in rats that were food deprived. The doses of the three drugs have been equated in terms of their suppressive effects in water-deprived and free-feeding rats. The results showed that in food-deprived rats the sucrose US failed to suppress intake of any of the sucrose CSs, the drugs of abuse failed to suppress intake of the 0.3 and 0.5-M concentration of sucrose, and LiCl failed to suppress intake of the 0.5-M sucrose solution. When taken together, these findings reveal that the suppressive effects of all USs (aversive, appetitive, and drugs of abuse) can be offset by the use of a caloric CS when evaluated in food-deprived rats.
Photocatalytic degradation using tungsten-modified TiO2 and visible light: Kinetic and mechanistic effects using multiple catalyst doping strategies

Abstract Tungsten-modified titanium dioxide catalysts prepared from sol–gel methods and obtained commercially were compared for their photocatalytic activity using mechanistic probes designed to examine chemical pathways of oxidation. No special visible absorbance was noted for the sol–gel catalysts. However, an increase in the single-electron transfer chemistry with the presence of WOx was noted, and a distinct wavelength dependence on the product ratios.
Impact of mobility impairment on indirect costs and health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis.

This study was conducted to estimate the indirect costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (utilities) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in the United States (US), and to determine the impact of worsening mobility on these parameters. In collaboration with the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry we conducted a cross-sectional study of participants who completed the biannual update and supplemental spring 2010 survey. Demographic, employment status, income, mobility impairment, and health utility data were collected from a sample of registry participants who met the study criteria and agreed to participate in the supplemental Mobility Study. Mean annual indirect costs per participant in 2011US$ and mean utilities for the population and for cohorts reporting different levels of mobility impairment were estimated. Analyses included 3,484 to 3,611 participants, based on survey completeness. Thirty-seven percent of registrants were not working or attending school and 46.7% of these reported retiring early. Indirect costs per participant per year, not including informal caregiver cost, were estimated at $30,601±31,184. The largest relative increase in indirect costs occurred at earlier mobility impairment stages, regardless of the measure used. Participants’ mean utility score (0.73±0.18) was lower than that of a similarly aged sample from the general US population (0.87). As with indirect costs, larger decrements in utility were seen at earlier mobility impairment stages. These results suggest that mobility impairment may contribute to increases in indirect costs and declines in HRQoL in MS patients.
A generalized Riemann problem for quasi-one-dimensional gas flows

A generalization of the Riemann problem for gas dynamical flows influenced by curved geometry, such as flows in a variable-area duct, is solved. For this generalized Riemann problem the initial data consist of a pair of steady-state solutions separated by a jump discontinuity. The solution of the generalized Riemann problem is used as a basis for a random choice method in which steady-state solutions are used as an Ansatz to approximate the spatial variation of the solution between grid points. For nearly steady flow in a Laval nozzle, where this Ansatz is appropriate, this generalized random choice method gives greatly improved results.
Inflation from wrapped branes

We show that the use of higher dimensional wrapped branes can significantly extend the inflaton field range compared to brane inflation models which use $D3$-branes. We construct a simple inflationary model in terms of 5-branes wrapping a 2-cycle and traveling towards the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler throat. Inflation ends when the branes reach the tip of the cone and self-annihilate. Assuming a quadratic potential for the brane it is possible to match the cosmic microwave background data in the Dirac-Born-Infeld regime, but we argue that the backreaction of the brane is important and cannot be neglected. This scenario predicts a strong non-Gaussian signal and possibly detectable gravitational waves.
Purification procedures for synthetic dyes: Part 2—countercurrent chromatography

Abstract The suitability of countercurrent chromatography as a method for purifying preparative amounts of disperse dyes and direct dyes has been investigated. Solvent pairs were developed which afforded partition coefficients needed to effect the purification of dyes of these types. Although this procedure was found to give good separation of complex dye mixtures, the low solubility of the dyes in the solvent pairs prevents it from being an effective method of preparing gram quantities of analytically pure dyes.
Accommodations for Patients with Disabilities in Primary Care: A Mixed Methods Study of Practice Administrators

Structural barriers that limit access to health care services for people with disabilities have been identified through qualitative studies; however, little is known about how patients with disabilities are accommodated in the clinical setting when a structural barrier is encountered. The purpose of this study was to identify how primary care medical practices in the United States accommodated people with disabilities when a barrier to service is encountered. Primary care practice administrators from the medical management organization were identified through the organization’s website. Sixty-three administrators from across the US participated in this study. Practice administrators reported that patients were examined in their wheelchairs (76%), that parts of the exam where skipped when a barrier was encountered (44%), that patients were asked to bring someone with them (52.4%) or that patients were refused treatment due to an inaccessible clinic (3.2%). These methods of accommodation would not be in compliance with requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. There was not a significant difference (p>0.05) in accommodations for patients with disabilities between administrators who could describe the application of the ADA to their clinic and those who could not. Practice administrators need a comprehensive understanding of the array of challenges encountered by patients with disabilities throughout the health care process and of how to best accommodate patients with disabilities in their practice.
Mysterious sudden death.

For the sake of logical discussion the problem of mysterious sudden death is considered as most often due to lethal derangement of the electrical stability of the heart. The pathogenesis of such lethal derangement is first examined according to those factors which determine the normal electrical stability of the heart, then by an analysis of the ways in which this beautifully intricate system may become disorganized. The basis for the discussion is a continuing personal experience studying examples of naturally occurring mysterious sudden death in man and other animals, combined with investigation of the normal anatomy, pathology, physiology and pharmacology of the conduction system of the heart As we increase our understanding of those events and processes which determine the electrical stability of the heart, it is reasonable to expect that the means for reversing or preventing electrical instability will be derived. Current pessimism about this therapeutic possibility should be disspelled by making the problem less mysterious.
Experimental erosion of North Pacific red clay

Abstract Threshold erosion velocities for plane beds of pelagic red clay were established by ten experimental runs in a recirculating salt-water flume. Even with water content as high as 82%, observable erosion of the sediment required a velocity equivalent to a bottom current of about 30 cm/sec. Sediment beds to which manganese nodules were added, simulating an abyssal nodule field, were eroded by much slower flows (e.g., by the equivalent of a 12 cm/sec current at 84% water content). These experimentally derived values may be useful approximations of critical current speeds on the deep-sea floor, though very slow erosion may well occur there at lower speeds, especially in the presence of benthic fauna.
A New Photoproduct of 5-Methylcytosine and Adenine Characterized by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

The UV portion of sunlight is mutagenic and can modify DNA by producing various photoproducts. UV photodamage often occurs at dipyrimidine sites, to give cyclobutane, pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone (6-4), and pyrimidine-(6-4)-Dewar pyrimidone (Dewar) photoproducts, and at TA and AA sites. There is no reported evidence, however, of UV photoproduct formation between C or 5-methylC ((m)C) and A. Irradiation of d(GTAT(m)CATGAGGTGC) with UVB light at physiological pH gives an unexpected photoproduct that undergoes fast thermal deamination but does not revert to its original structure under UVC irradiation. Evidence from nuclease P1 digestion coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS is in accord with product formation between (m)C and A. HPLC analysis indicates that deamination gives a T A photoproduct that coelutes on reverse-phase chromatography with the well-known TA* photoproduct, formed from an initial [2 + 2] reaction between C5-C6 and C6-C5 of the adjacent thymine and adenine [as shown by Zhao , X. , et al. ( 1996 ) Nucleic Acids Res. 24 , 1554 - 1560 and Davies , R. J. , et al. ( 2007 ) Nucleic Acids Res. 35 , 1048 - 1053 ]. Furthermore, the deamination product of the unknown (m)C A photoproduct and the TA* photoproduct undergo nearly identical fragmentation in tandem MS. The evidence, taken together, indicates that the deamination product of the unknown (m)CA photoproduct has the same chemical structure as the TA* photoproduct. Therefore, the unknown photoproduct is referred to as the (m)CA* photoproduct, which, upon deamination, gives the TA* photoproduct.
Blockade of endothelin-converting enzyme reduces pulmonary hypertension after cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest.

Background. Pulmonary dysfunction associated with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance is a significant problem after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest. Mediators of the pulmonary hypertensive response to CPB have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of the endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 to postbypass pulmonary hypertension. Methods . Twelve 1-month-old piglets were instrumented with left atrial and pulmonary artery (PA) micromanometers and a PA flow probe. Phosphoramidon (Phos, n=6) pigs received a 30 mg/kg bolus of Phos, an endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor. Controls (n=6) received saline solution. All animals were placed on CPB and underwent a 60-minute period of circulatory arrest. The indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI) was calculated at baseline for controls, both before CPB in both groups. Results . Pre-CPB, mean PA pressure, and PVRI were not different between the control and Phos groups (14.6±1.1 versus 14.5±1.1 mm Hg and 7322±1269 versus 7260±947 dyne/sec/kg/cm −5 respectively). After CPB mean PA pressure was significantly higher in control than Phos animals (32.1±1.1. versus 22.5±1.3 mm Hg, p=0.0003). PVRI was also significantly higher in the controls (30896±4714 versus 14972±1710, dyne/sec/kg/cm −5 , p=0.02) Conclusions Production of endothelin-1 during CPB and circulatory arrest is a mediator of postbypass pulmonary hypertension.
Affinity Chromatography of Mushroom Tyrosinase

Abstract The purification by column chromatography of a phenol-oxidizing enzyme, mushroom tyrosinase, was investigated using solid phase adsorbents designed to have specific affinity for the enzyme. Sepharose 4B, aminophenyl-bearing porous glass, and p-aminobenzylcellulose were chemically modified to introduce phenolic, catecholic, or benzoic groups on the polymer surface. The resulting preparations were tested for their effectiveness in separating tyrosinase from an impure protein mixture. The phenolic and benzoic polymers displayed no specific affinity for tyrosinase. Aminophenyl glass, with or without an attached phenolic group, adsorbed appreciable quantities of protein nonspecif-ically, thus complicating studies of its tyrosinase affinity properties. Dopamine, a dihydroxyphenyl derivative, was bound to Sepharose and was found to be effective in retaining tyrosinase at pH 5.5; elution of the enzyme by washing at pH 8.8 resulted in its purification by a factor of 10 to 14. Enzymatic oxidation of the ad...
Enhancing the Involvement of Rehabilitation Counselors in the Transition Process

Although rehabilitation counselors potentially play a vital role in the transition process, available data suggest that their participation has been limited. Based upon responses to two surveys, this study examined how and to what extent rehabilitation counselors participate in the transition process. One survey was sent to a sample of special educators, the other to a sample of rehabilitation counselors. The findings suggest that the role rehabilitation counselors serve is inadequate, exacerbated by the finding that many counselors are not being invited to transition planning meetings by school personnel, parents, or teachers. The implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations for promoting better collaboration are suggested.
Oncolytic Virotherapy for Hematological Malignancies

Hematological malignancies such as leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma (MM), and the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) primarily affect adults and are difficult to treat. For high-risk disease, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) can be used. However, in the setting of autologous HCT, relapse due to contamination of the autograft with cancer cells remains a major challenge. Ex vivo manipulations of the autograft to purge cancer cells using chemotherapies and toxins have been attempted. Because these past strategies lack specificity for malignant cells and often impair the normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, prior efforts to ex vivo purge autografts have resulted in prolonged cytopenias and graft failure. The ideal ex vivo purging agent would selectively target the contaminating cancer cells while spare normal stem and progenitor cells and would be applied quickly without toxicities to the recipient. One agent which meets these criteria is oncolytic viruses. This paper details experimental progress with reovirus, myxoma virus, measles virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, coxsackievirus, and vaccinia virus as well as requirements for translation of these results to the clinic.
Closed-Concentrate Circulation for High Recovery and Energy Efficiency in Small-Scale Brackish Reverse Osmosis

AbstractThere is a need for small-scale desalination of brackish water to meet the water needs of scattered small communities and households in the United States and other parts of the world. Rever...
Transient exponential-Erlang queues and steady-state simulation

The transient probabilistic structure of M/Em/1 and Em/M/1 queues initialized in an arbitrary deterministic state is derived in discrete time. Computational algorithms for obtaining the required probabilities are provided, and their application in calculating a variety of system performance measures is illustrated. The results are used to investigate the question of initializing simulations of systems such as these to promote rapid convergence to steady state, if that is the object of the simulation. These results are consistent with earlier studies for transient queueing systems, such as the M/M/s, but allow greater flexibility in specification of interarrival or service-time models inherent in the Erlang distributions.
Postoperative Analgesia With Ketorolac Is Associated With Decreased Mortality After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients Already Receiving Aspirin: A Propensity-Matched Study

Objective: This study was designed to determine the effect of ketorolac on mortality after cardiac surgery. Design: A retrospective multivariable analysis with propensity matching and propensity scoring. Setting: A tertiary care university-affiliated medical center. Participant: Eleven hundred eighty-six patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. Main Results: Between January 1, 2002, and November 1, 2004, 168 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery received ketorolac, whereas 1,018 patients did not. There were 2 deaths (1%) in the ketorolac group compared with 104 (10%) in the nonketorolac group (p < 0.001). Within 90 days of surgery, there was 1 death (1%) in the ketorolac group compared with 51 (5%) in the nonketorolac group (p = 0.01). By Cox modeling, ketorolac use was associated with a 7-fold lower risk of death (p = 0.02). In the patients who survived at least 90 days, there was 1 death (1%) in the ketorolac group compared with 53 (5%) in the nonketorolac group (p = 0.01). By Cox modeling, ketorolac use was associated with a 2.4-fold lower risk of death (p = 0.03) in the late hazard period. In the propensity-matched groups, Kaplan-Meier survival was better in patients who received ketorolac (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The use of ketorolac was associated with a statistically significant decrease in mortality at follow-up.
The CLIPMERGE PGx Program: Clinical Implementation of Personalized Medicine Through Electronic Health Records and Genomics–Pharmacogenomics

The exponential rise in genomics research over the past decade has yielded a growing number of sequence variants associated with medication response that may have clinical utility. Despite existing barriers, attention is turning to strategies that integrate these data into clinical care. The CLIPMERGE PGx Program is establishing a best-practices infrastructure for implementation of genome-informed prescribing using a biobank-derived clinical cohort, pre-emptive genetic testing, and real-time clinical decision support deployed through the electronic health record.
Help Wanted: Economists, Crime and Public Policy

Beginning with Gary W. Becker's (1968) article on crime and punishment, economists have contributed important theoretical insights and empirical findings to the study of criminal behavior but the influence of economists on crime-relevant research and over policy debates remains negligible. This essay summarizes some basic data on the causes of crime, the social costs and benefits of incarceration, and replenishing social capital. Work on crime by economists should become influential in setting research agendas and shaping policy debates but economists will have to roll up their sleeves, complexify their models, and confront a real-world 'prisoner's dilemma' or two.
New developments in liquid hydrogen target systems at the cambridge electron accelerator

Abstract New developments in liquid hydrogen target systems used in high energy physics research are described. By utilizing mechanical refrigeration, hydrogen is both condensed and maintained as a liquid in the cooler system. The development of a novel, vacuum actuated, pneumatic type cryovalve has permitted rapid cycling of the hazardous liquid between a thin walled target chamber and its valved condenser, which thus acts also as a storage tank for the liquid.
AN ANALYTICAL MODEL OF BUYER-SELLER BEHAVIOR

A purchase acceptability function is first developed for both buyers and sellers which includes emotional and rational product factors such as price, age, style, and color. In this context, the buyer-seller negotiating process is described and analyzed. The result is the determination of a threshold price. Given the threshold price, the analysis proceeds to the discussion of an acceptance function with a third variable considered, product age. A three dimensional surface depicting the situation is discussed. This model can be extended to the n dimensional case. The analysis then proceeds to the development of a model approximating services to represent the acceptance functions of both buyers and sellers. This is handled by Taylor series expansion. The resulting planes represent buyer-seller negotiation positions. Buyers are often in a position of considering trade-offs between various product attributes. Therefore, an acceptability transformation is introduced and normalized using ordinal scaling to arrive at a scaled acceptability function which relates product attributes to trade-offs in price. It is noted that this analysis can be readily extended to include the interaction of acceptance functions for a number of products, the negotiation process in non-product situations, and the introduction of time as a variable, where dynamic changes are considered.
Observational evidence for asymmetric changes in tropospheric heights over Antarctica on decadal time scales

[1] We use monthly values of geopotential height (GPH) from seven Antarctic stations to examine decadal variations and trends in the overlying troposphere. Whereas the stratospheric signal in our analyses associated with springtime ozone depletion is very detectable, documenting changes in the troposphere is complicated by strong decadal variability and geographical asymmetry. On the Indian-Ocean coast of Antarctica, negative trends in 500-hPa GPH prevail from December through May but lower GPH following extreme depletion episodes is only found from December through February. In contrast, the South Pole, McMurdo, and Halley Stations show positive trends for most months and heights with no depletion signal evident in GPH at the South Pole and Halley Stations except at and above 100 hPa. These observed seasonal and geographical asymmetries suggest that the internal dynamical response in the troposphere over Antarctica to climate change and ozone depletion is more complex than is captured in current models.
Angular Distribution of Photopions from Deuterium

Measurements have been made on the relative cross section of positive pions made by 350-Mev bremsstrahlung for deuterium and hydrogen for laboratory angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The ratio of the differential cross sections is essentially a constant to about \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5%. The mean pion laboratory energy of 75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 Mev was held constant for the different angles. The results compare qualitatively with those obtained from Watson's phenomenological theory for photopion production.
Zeta potential of clay-size particles in urban rainfall–runoff during hydrologic transport

Summary Urban rainfall–runoff transports a wide spectrum of anthropogenic aqueous complexes and particulate matter (PM). Zeta potential ( ξ ) as an electrostatic parameter provides an index of destabilization for clay-size particles ( ξ of PM in urban rainfall–runoff has rarely been studied due to the dynamic and complex hydrologic, physical and chemical nature of rainfall–runoff systems. This study examined a series of rainfall–runoff events captured from a paved source area catchment in Baton Rouge, LA to characterize ξ of clay-size particles. The ξ of clay-size particles was also examined as a function of hydrologic transport with coupled water chemistry variables. Study results indicated that ξ varied from approximately −15 to −30 mV across the hydrograph of each event and generally mimicked the runoff intensity during hydrologic transport. Hydrologic transport results indicate while ξ was inversely correlated to the hydrograph flow rate, this inverse correlation was a function of variations in water chemistry parameters (pH and ionic strength); parameters that were driven by hydrologic flow rate. For each event ξ exhibited hysteretic trends as a function of rainfall–runoff ionic strength and pH during the passage of the hydrograph. Results demonstrate that hydrologic transport played an important role driving both water chemistry and ξ trends for clay-size particles; as well as treatment behavior of rainfall–runoff unit operations and processes.
Phosphoenzyme decomposition in dog cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.

A five-syringe quench-flow apparatus was used in the transient-state kinetic study of intermediary phosphoenzyme (EP) decomposition in a Triton X-100 purified dog cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase at 20 degrees C. Phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP in the presence of 100 mM K+ for 116 ms gave 32% ADP-sensitive E1P, 52% ADP- and K+-reactive E2P, and 16% unreactive residual EPr. The EP underwent a monomeric, sequential E1P 17 s-1----E2P 10.5 s-1----E2 + Pi transformation and decomposition in the ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid quenched Ca2+-devoid medium. The calculated rate constant for the total EP (i.e., E1P + E2P) dephosphorylation was 7.8 s-1. The E1P had an affinity for ADP with an apparent Kd congruent to 100 microM. When the EP was formed in the absence of K+ for 116 ms, no appreciable amount of the ADP-sensitive E1P was detected. The EP comprised about 80% ADP- and K+-reactive E2P and 20% residual EPr, suggesting a rapid E1P----E2P transformation. Both the E2P's formed in the presence and absence of K+ decomposed with a rate constant of about 19.5 s-1 in the presence of 80 mM K+ and 2 mM ADP, showing an ADP enhancement of the E2P decomposition. The results demonstrate mechanistic differences in monomeric EP transformation and decomposition between the Triton X-100 purified cardiac SR Ca2+-ATPase and deoxycholate-purified skeletal enzyme [Wang, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6307-6319].
Baseline design of new horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper belt

Abstract The New Horizons mission is progressing toward its planned launch in January 2006. Current plans call for the New Horizons spacecraft to be launched by a newly developed evolved expendable launch vehicle (EELV) Atlas V 551 with the STAR 48B kick stage in January/February 2006. After flying for more than 32 AU and traveling through the inner and outer solar system, the spacecraft is expected to arrive at Pluto as early as July 2015 for the first scientific reconnaissance investigations of the last planet that has not yet been visited by a spacecraft. This paper describes the baseline mission design, which includes the baseline launch scenario that maximizes the launch probability with an extensive launch period of 35 days, the interplanetary trajectory design that allows the spacecraft to fly fast to Pluto by taking advantage of the gravity assist from Jupiter, the trajectory design of the close encounter with Pluto and its moon Charon, and the mission plan for the extended mission beyond Pluto to fly by a Kuiper belt object. Note : New Horizons is NASA's planned mission to Pluto and has not been approved for launch. All representations in this paper are contingent on a decision by NASA to go forward with the preparation for and launch of the mission.
Abstract 4781: EBV infection of mammary epithelial cells promotes malignant transformation.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Whether the human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promotes breast cancers remains controversial and a potential mechanism has remained elusive. Herein we show EBV binds mammary epithelial cells (MECs) via CD21 and upon establishing a persistent infection triggers expansion of MEC progenitor cells (CD24low/CD44high), increases mammosphere formation, blocks differentiation and in conjunction with activated Ras accelerates formation of breast cancers in NOD/SCID mice. Similar to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), breast cancers derived from EBV-infected and Ras-transduced MECs exhibited a latency II pattern infection (LMP1 high, LMP2A positive) with a significant number of lytic transcripts. A human gene expression signature for “EBVness” was derived from these tumors and application to publicly available data sets of breast cancer patients showed “EBVness” was - associated with high grade (40 vs 13.5%) estrogen-receptor (ER)-negative status (31.8 vs. 10.5%), p53 mutation (37.5 vs 14.5%) and poor survival. Citation Format: Hai Hu, Gerburg Wulf, Ashish Juvekar, Dirk P Dittmer, Joyce Fingeroth. EBV infection of mammary epithelial cells promotes malignant transformation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4781 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Realizing Optical Frequency 3D Photonic Crystals Through Advanced VLSI Techniques

This paper outlines our work in the area of Photonic Crystal fabrication using silicon processing techniques. Current silicon processing technologies are readily able to pattern the minimum feature sizes required for optical frequencies. A wide variety of different structures have been demonstrated and the level of process control is excellent. Examples are given of one and three-dimensional photonic crystals as well as the integration of other materials such as tungsten and erbium.
Persistent Low Back Pain

A 49-year-old maintenance worker with a history of depression and previous reports of minor back pain is seen during four months of continuing low back pain. He has remained out of work for fear of worsening the injury. Magnetic resonance imaging two weeks after the onset of pain showed only mild degenerative changes in the lumbar region without spinal stenosis or disk collapse or extrusion. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
Children's Memory and Event Reports: The Current State of Knowledge and Best Practice

Decades of research on children's eyewitness reports highlight a multitude of influences on the accuracy of children's memory. Given the significance of children's eyewitness testimony in criminal and social service investigations of maltreatment, as well as of other crimes, the task of eliciting accurate reports while still considering children's needs can be quite daunting for interviewers. Researchers stress the importance of taking into account children's abilities and limitations as well as external influences, including from the interview context. In this article, the authors review scientific research within the study of children's eyewitness memory and suggestibility, examining both cognitive and sociomotivational influences on children's reports. They also review studies of child forensic interview protocols and describe current best practices for interviewers who have the crucial task of questioning child witnesses.
Differential expression of human lysyl hydroxylase genes, lysine hydroxylation, and cross-linking of type I collagen during osteoblastic differentiation in vitro

The pattern of lysyl hydroxylation in the nontriple helical domains of collagen is critical in determining the cross-linking pathways that are tissue specific. We hypothesized that the tissue specificity of type I collagen cross-linking is, in part, due to the differential expression of lysyl hydroxylase genes (Procollagen-lysine,2-oxyglutarate,5-dioxygenase 1, 2, and 3 [PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3]). In this study, we have examined the expression patterns of these three genes during the course of in vitro differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells (bone marrow stromal cells [BMSCs]) and normal skin fibroblasts (NSFs). In addition, using the medium and cell layer/matrix fractions in these cultures, lysine hydroxylation of type I collagen alpha chains and collagen cross-linking chemistries have been characterized. High levels of PLOD1 and PLOD3 genes were expressed in both BMSCs and NSFs, and the expression levels did not change in the course of differentiation. In contrast to the PLOD1 and PLOD3 genes, both cell types showed low PLOD2 gene expression in undifferentiated and early differentiated conditions. However, fully differentiated BMSCs, but not NSFs, exhibited a significantly elevated level (6-fold increase) of PLOD2 mRNA. This increase coincided with the onset of matrix mineralization and with the increase in lysyl hydroxylation in the nontriple helical domains of alpha chains of type I collagen molecule. Furthermore, the collagen cross-links that are derived from the nontriple helical hydroxylysine-aldehyde were found only in fully differentiated BMSC cultures. The data suggests that PLOD2 expression is associated with lysine hydroxylation in the nontriple helical domains of collagen and, thus, could be partially responsible for the tissue-specific collagen cross-linking pattern.
Directly-Pumped All-Silicon Laser

We report laser emission from novel nano-engineered all-silicon structures, originating from A-center mediated phononless (direct) recombination allowing the population inversion. TEM shows regions with high-density of structural defects, most likely responsible for the emission.
Approaches to Organic Ferromagnets

Two species have been prepared as dications that exist in the ground triplet state. These can be used to explore one proposal for the production of organic ferromagnets.
Photosensitivity of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa

The light intensity and spectral sensitivities of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa Dana were determined by measuring phototactic responses. Adult females displayed only positive phototaxis. The dark-adapted copepod, which possesses a single naupliar eye, perceived light at intensities as low as 2.8x1011 photons m-2 s-1. The action spectrum for positive phototaxis had no clear maxima but rather showed a broad range of greatest sensitivity from 453 to 620 nm. This sensitivity encompassed those wavelengths that are maximally available at the depth where the copepod is found during the day. This spectral overlap, coupled with the finding that the copepod requires light cues for nocturnal vertical miration, suggests that broad spectral sensitivity is an adaptive mechanism to maximize light intensity sensitivity during migration.
Instructed forgetting: Rehearsal control or retrieval inhibition (repression)?

Abstract In a Brown-Peterson short-term memory task three different incentive conditions (remember and rehearse, remember without rehearsing, or forget) were cued by varying the color background of a trigram slide. A self-paced interpolated task was used so that differences in covert rehearsal could be inferred from backward counting rates under the various motivational conditions. It was concluded that S 's poor recall in the forget condition was due to a slower rehearsal rate than in the other conditions. However, this explanation was insufficient in accounting for poorer recall in the forget as compared to nonrehearse condition, where an interpretation involving differential attention to the trigram at presentation was offered. Each difference in memory performance was matched by a corresponding difference in counting performance. Results of a postexperimental recognition test and questionnaire supported these conclusions.
Crural Repair Permits Morbidly Obese Patients with Not Large Hiatal Hernia to Choose Laparoscopic Adjustable Banding as a Bariatric Surgical Treatment

Hiatal hernia, present radiologically in about 50% of patients desiring bariatric surgery, has been thought a contraindication to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Posited was the notion that adding crural repair to LAGB would enable this procedure to be offered to patients desiring bariatric surgery who had hiatal hernias. After obtaining IRB approval, charts of all patients who underwent simultaneous crural repair and LAGB from June 2003 to January 2006 were reviewed. All patients were evaluated with the DeMeester score and the GERD-HQRL score pre- and postoperatively. Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney U test and the Chi-squared test. Twenty-one patients underwent laparoscopic procedure with crural repair; none required conversion to an open procedure. There were no mortalities. Two complications, a wound infection at the level of the port, and a case postoperative dysphagia resolved with therapy. Eighty-six percent of the patients ceased regular intake of heartburn medicines, P < .01. Median percent excess weight loss was 45% at 1 year and 55% at 2 years. The modified DeMeester score fell to 0–2 postoperatively (P < .01). Two years after the procedure, symptoms were less, as assessed by GERD-HQRL scores (P < .01). Crural repair permits LAGB to be safely and effectively performed in patients with hiatal hernia.
Utility of 19F MRS detection of the hypoxic cell marker EF5 to assess cellular hypoxia in solid tumors

Abstract Background and purpose The present studies were undertaken to determine whether 19 F MRS could be used to quantify the binding of the pentafluorinated derivative of etanidazole (EF5) in hypoxic cells of solid tumors. Materials and methods A 4.7T imaging magnet was used for the in situ and in vitro evaluation of EF5 signals. In order to develop a better understanding of these NMR measurements the characteristics of parent, reduced unbound, and reduced bound EF5 signals were examined in vitro using a 12T spectrometer. Results In situ data acquired using a 4.7T imaging magnet, showed retention of EF5 signals in KHT sarcomas that was absent in muscles for 6h after EF5 injection. In vitro studies showed no difference in the NMR detectable signal of parent and reduced unbound EF5. T 2 values determined using parent EF5 samples revealed a T 2 time of 675ms. In contrast, EF5 bound to KHT tumor cells gave rise to signals of low intensity, broad line widths, and T 2 relaxation times of less than 30ms. When the same samples were analyzed using the 4.7T imaging magnet, the CF 3 and CF 2 fluorine peaks were readily identifiable in the parent EF5 sample but no fluorine signal could be detected from EF5 bound to KHT tumor cells. Conclusion The inability to resolve bound EF5 metabolites even at high field strengths (12T), coupled with the short T 2 relaxation times of the bound EF5, and the limits of detection of the in situ applied imaging magnet (4.7T), meant that hypoxic cells could not be quantified in tumors using the 19 F MRS technique. In situ 19 F MRS measurements of EF5 signals (parent/reduced unbound) may reflect conditions of tumor physiology and thus indicate the extent of tumor hypoxia but they are not capable of resolving the cellular oxygenation status of the tumor cells.
Sensing rich design of drive trains for mechatronic systems

In this paper, the advantages of sensing rich approaches to the design of mechatronic systems are explored. Such advantages include enhanced system performance, flexible operation of the system and reduced operational costs. Some advantages of the sensing rich design will be elaborated for the power transmission mechanism or drive train under servo control. The drive train is a fundamental element of any motion control system. The sensing rich design is based on measurements of positions and accelerations at multiple points of a drive train. These measurements improve the performance of drive train servo systems in terms of speed, positioning accuracy and vibration suppression. For example, the Kinematic Kalman filter (KKF) may be used in sensing rich designs. KKF accomplishes robust estimation of the velocity in the presence of parameter uncertainties and disturbances based on the accelerometer and the encoder.
Self-Attitudes of the Intellectually and Socially Advantaged Student: Normative Study of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale

Research shows a significant relationship between self-concept and academic achievement for the low up through average intellectual levels. There are, however, no like data for students of superior...