cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individuality of masticatory performance and of masticatory muscle temporal parameters.

Abstract Objective Mammalian mastication serves to improve intra-oral food reduction. Insufficient food reduction creates potential swallowing problems, whereas over-reduction may accelerate tooth wear and increase feeding time. Either extreme has consequences. The study’s objectives were: (1) to study the relationship between food reduction, number of chews in a sequence, and chewing rate, (2) to study how controlling the number of chews and chewing rate variability affects food reduction, and (3) to assess how dentoskeletal morphological and electromyographical (EMG) characteristics impact food reduction. Design Twenty-three healthy, fully-dentate adults chewed a standardized test food under three conditions: (1) no control, (2) number of chews controlled, and (3) number of chews and chewing rate controlled. EMG activity was sampled from masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally. Demographic, occlusal contact area in maximum intercuspation, and cephalometric data were obtained. Results In uncontrolled conditions, food reduction and bout duration varied more than expected across subjects. Subjects with poor reduction under controlled conditions were those with poor reduction under uncontrolled conditions. Only occlusal contact area correlated with chewing performance under uncontrolled conditions. Chewing cycle duration, EMG burst duration, and EMG peak onset latency increased when the number of chews was restricted. EMG amplitude, a surrogate for bite force, increased in tasks controlling the number of chews and chewing rate. Chewing rate variability was difficult to diminish below individual-specific levels. Conclusions Results: provided evidence that bite force, chewing rate, chewing performance and chewing bout duration reflected individual preferences. Future work will determine whether similar findings occur among other mammals.
Aberration Corrected Metalenses for Imaging

We experimentally demonstrated chromatic aberration correction in converging and diverging metalenses up to wavelength range of ∼450 nm in the near-infrared by utilizing dispersion engineering of meta-units.
A Monte Carlo Model of a Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography System and Its Application to Validate a Deconvolution-Based X-Ray Fluorescence Signal Extraction Method

In this study, we developed and validated a Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) model of an experimental benchtop X-ray fluorescence (XRF) computed tomography (XFCT) system for quantitative imaging of metallic nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) injected into small animals for preclinical testing of various NP-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Detailed hardware components of the current benchtop XFCT system, including the X-ray source, excitation beam collimation and filtration, custom imaging phantoms with GNP solutions, and single/ring/linear array detectors with custom collimation, were incorporated into the MC model. In conjunction with a known CdTe detector response function, a deconvolution-based XRF signal extraction method was also developed in this study, which enabled complete separation of gold K-shell XRF peaks even when they almost overlapped and facilitated extraction of XRF signals from a broadband Compton scattered photon background. The extracted signal-to-background ratios were comparable with those expected using an ideal detector with high enough energy resolution (e.g., 0.1 keV full-width at half-maximum). Once convoluted with the CdTe detector response function, the MC-calculated spectra for excitation beams or emitted photons and XFCT image spatial resolutions agreed well with those measured experimentally. Thus, the current MC model can be used to optimize the beam/imaging parameters (e.g., beam geometry, excitation X-ray beam energy, and X-ray filter material) as well as the design of critical hardware components (e.g., detector collimators) within the current benchtop XFCT system. Also, the current XRF signal extraction method can relax the usual stringent requirement of detector energy resolution while not degrading the sensitivity of benchtop XFCT.
Faith Related Schools in the United States: The Current Reality

In the 2009–2010 school year, approximately 4,400,000 (7 % of all students) attended just over 19,000 religiously affiliated schools (20 % of all schools) staffed by 315,000 teachers (9 % of all teachers) in the United States. This chapter provides an overview of this important, though relatively small, sector of American education. It begins with an overview of the history of faith related schools in the United States. Then, using nation-wide data from the federal government and other sources, it examines trends in student demographics (racial and ethnic composition, religious differences), staffing patterns (public-private-faith related staff comparisons, teacher and principal characteristics, movement and retention, and salary), sustainability (expenditures, fundraising, innovation), and curriculum and effectiveness (curriculum and standards, teacher training and qualification, and academic and non-academic outcomes). After assessing the data, particular attention is given to current policy debates such as: funding schemes through tax vouchers and credits, government’s role in personnel decisions, and the impact of the rapidly growing sector of public charter schools. Lastly, the chapter describes the unique challenges and opportunities that differentiate faith related schools in the U.S. from their counterparts in other countries, particularly given contemporary attitudes toward religion and faith related schools.
Creating My Own Path

Both explicitly and implicitly from my religious mother and the southern town’s people, I learned “Be content withwhat you have;” “Women are submissive to men”; “A woman’s place is in the home”; and “You made your bed, now lay [sic] in it.” And, as a controlled, belittled, and shame-filled person, I “took up my cross” for about the first four decades of my life. This chapter powerfully demonstrates how to break loose of the mental stereotypes women hear day to day and shows the reader how to take a big and nontraditional steps in pursuing a career in the academy. In addition, Dixie shares the lessons she learned in her unplanned climb in academia. In a very moving chapter, she reveals how women can break out of a negative cycle or mindset of where women should be and live the productive and meaningful personal and professional life that they were meant to live.
An MPC Algorithm With Combined Speed and Steering Control for Obstacle Avoidance in Autonomous Ground Vehicles

This article presents a model predictive control based obstacle avoidance algorithm for autonomous ground vehicles in unstructured environments. The novelty of the algorithm is the simultaneous optimization of speed and steering without a priori knowledge about the obstacles. Obstacles are detected using a planar light detection and ranging sensor and a multi-phase optimal control problem is formulated to optimize the speed and steering commands within the detection range. Acceleration capability of the vehicle as a function of speed, and stability and handling concerns such as tire lift-off are taken into account as constraints in the optimization problem, whereas the cost function is formulated to navigate the vehicle as quickly as possible with smooth control commands. Thus, a safe and quick navigation is enabled without the need for a preloaded map of the environment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of navigating the vehicle through obstacle fields that cannot be cleared with steering control alone.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Synthesizing a Special Issue on Parenting Adolescents in an Increasingly Diverse World.

Our goal is to identify integrative themes in this special issue on “Parenting Adolescents in an Increasingly Diverse World”. Specifically, we identify themes that may generalize largely from studies of marginalized families to guide American families more broadly as youth navigate an increasingly diverse world. We describe three broad diversity socialization goals that may foster greater intercultural maturity in youth. These include helping youth find their place and value in a multicultural world, increase the value that they place on others and decrease their fears of difference, and prepare to respond to biased or perceived rejection. And we offer five directions for future research to help build a path forward in this important area of study.
Clustering a union of low-rank subspaces of different dimensions with missing data

Abstract We derive fundamental conditions for clustering a union of low-rank subspaces with missing data. In particular, given an incomplete matrix, assuming its columns are drawn from K different subspaces with different dimensions, the subspace clustering problem is to cluster the columns that belong to the same subspace. We derive a lower bound on the number of columns from each subspace such that the columns can be clustered correctly with high probability. The analysis focuses on the subspace with the lowest dimension and is a generalization of the corresponding results in [18] that assumes the subspaces are independent and with the same dimension.
Aging with Brain Injuries

Brain injuries, including TBI and stroke, are the leading cause of death and disability in the elderly. The effects of aging process in brain injury survivors are not well understood. Recent advances in behavioral and imaging methodologies identify specific factors that influence recovery patterns. Factors, including injury mechanism, neuropathology, age of injury, premorbid functioning, health status, and post-injury rehabilitation, play a significant role in long-term recovery and overall functionality. This chapter begins with a discussion of aging-related changes in healthy adults in neural systems, cognition, and daily functionality, followed by the impact of brain injury on these three domains. Additionally, the chapter discusses emerging associations between brain injuries and dementia.
Psoriasiform eruptions secondary to phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition

Author(s): Dewan, Anna K; Gupta, Sameer; Bach, Daniel Q; Jadeja, Saagar; Granter, Scott; LaCasce, Ann; Joyce, Robin; Davids, Matthew S; Huang, Victor; LeBoeuf, Nicole R
The promises and limits of Bolivia’s anti-racism law for Afro-Bolivians: tundiqui, the National Afro-Bolivian Council, and the battle against blackface

In 2009, Bolivia ratified a new constitution that reinforced the centrality of multiculturalism in the nation. In it, Afrodescendants were for the first time specifically mentioned as part of the B...
Thank you to the Journal of the Medical Library Association reviewers in 2019

The Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) sincerely thanks the 220 peer reviewers in 2019 who helped vet and improve the quality of work published in our journal.
The Development of Choice-Making and Implications for Promoting Choice and Autonomy for Children and Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Choice and autonomy are critical in healthy child and adolescent development. In developmental psychology, the term autonomy is frequently used to discuss developmental milestones pertaining to choice and expressing preferences in one’s environment. In this chapter, we examine the development of choice-making and preferences and the relationship of these two constructs to the development of autonomy. Further, we examine the relative contribution of choice and autonomy to other important areas of development, including motivation, self-determination, and adolescent development, and then discuss how choice-making and preferences can be fostered in children and adolescents with disabilities. This chapter concludes with a discussion of ways in which these choices and autonomy can be promoted at home and in school and doing so promote more positive school and life outcomes.
17 – Compression Molding

Publisher Summary Compression molding is among the oldest materials processing techniques. Fundamentally, a compression molding device is a vice like press with heat; hence, it is also known as a heated press. A compression press is rated by its capacity or maximum force. Compression press capacities range to 100 tons (890 kN) for smaller parts or parts with a short production run; larger and more automated machines extend to 5000 tons (44,500 kN). As a minimum, a 250-ton (2200 kN) press is needed to process some reasonable range of products. This process is suitable for a wide range of industrial, commercial, and consumer parts and products ranging from very small to large automobile body panels. Plastics product areas are lighting and electrical devices, closures, transportation, and appliances. Specific items are electrical wall switch plates and receptacles, circuit breakers, bottle caps, buttons, packaging, containers, covers, protective helmets, pump components, gears, brake parts, frames, pulleys, vehicle panels, dishware, and appliance housings, bases, handles, and knobs. It is especially useful for a wide variety of fiber-reinforced products. Possibilities range from simple geometries to complex three-dimensional shapes.
Long-term association of venous thromboembolism with frailty, physical functioning, and quality of life: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study

Background Relatively little is known about the long-term consequences of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on physical functioning. We compared long-term frailty status, physical function, and quality of life among survivors of VTE with survivors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and with those without these diseases. Methods and Results Cases of VTE, CHD, and stroke were continuously identified since ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study) recruitment during 1987 to 1989. Functional measures were objectively captured at ARIC clinic visits 5 (2011-2013) and 6 (2016-2017); quality of life was self-reported. The 6161 participants at visit 5 were, on average, 75.7 (range, 66-90) years of age. By visit 5, 3.2% had had a VTE, 6.9% CHD, and 3.4% stroke. Compared with those without any of these conditions, VTE survivors were more likely to be frail (odds ratio [OR], 3.11; 95% CI, 1.80-5.36) and have low (<10) versus good scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 2.36-5.47). They also had slower gait speed, less endurance, and lower physical quality of life. VTE survivors were similar to coronary heart disease and stroke survivors on categorical frailty and outcomes on Short Physical Performance Battery assessment. When score on the Short Physical Performance Battery instrument was modeled continuously, VTE survivors performed better than stroke survivors but worse than CHD survivors. Conclusions VTE survivors had triple the odds of frailty and poorer physical function than those without the vascular diseases considered. Their function was somewhat worse than that of CHD survivors, but better than stroke survivors. These findings suggest that VTE patients may benefit from additional efforts to improve postevent physical functioning.
Here comes Generation Z: Millennials as managers

Abstract As the workplace continues to change, a new generational cohort—Generation Z, sometimes referred to as iGen—is beginning to enter the workforce. At the same time, millennials are now progressing in their careers and will be challenged with managing these incoming workers. The purpose of this article is to provide a contextual overview that identifies and illuminates some of the defining work-related characteristics of these two youngest generations in the workplace to increase understanding of the potential intergenerational conflict between these cohorts and develop leadership strategies that can be utilized to increase employee morale and productivity. This article analyzes the millennial supervisor-Gen Z subordinate relationship based on generational cohort theory, leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, and the work values framework.
Abstract IA-025: Exploiting Redox Biology for Selectively Targeting Cancer Cells

Relative to normal cells, cancer cells have been shown to demonstrate fundamental alterations in oxidative metabolism leading to increased steady-state levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and labile iron pools. Alterations in cancer cell oxidative metabolism in turn lead to disruptions in many redox sensitive signaling and gene expression pathways that impact cell growth, differentiation, genomic instability, and cancer progression. Cancer cells adapt to this altered metabolic state by activating many signaling and gene expression pathways that allow them to survive and continue to progress to malignancy. The current talk will discuss how pharmacological ascorbate and superoxide dismutase mimics can be used to target the oxidative metabolic frailties of cancer versus normal cells to enhance therapeutic outcomes to radio-chemo-therapies both in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The long-term goal is to utilize a detailed mechanistic understanding of alterations in cancer versus normal cell oxidative metabolism and redox biology to develop rapidly implementable new strategies that can enhance tumor responses while protecting normal tissues during standard radio-chemo-therapy protocols. (Supported by P01 CA217797, R01 CA182804, T32 CA078586). Citation Format: Douglas R Spitz. Exploiting Redox Biology for Selectively Targeting Cancer Cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA-025.
The mediating role of knowledge management and information systems selection management capability on Big Data Analytics quality and firm performance

This study draws on organizational learning and strategic decision-making theory to develop a conceptual framework to explore how the selection measures of BDA systems and external support partners...
Thumb Pathology – Traumatic

One of the most common injuries in the hand is injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb’s metacarpophalangeal joint. MRI is an excellent tool in diagnosing ulnar collateral ligament injuries, which most often require surgical intervention to maintain thumb function. In this chapter, we will review anatomy unique to the thumb and describe MRI findings of traumatic pathology.
Final Design and Initial Performance of the Nevis Secondary Beam Channel

The Synchrocyclotron conversion program nearing completion at Nevis includes the design and construction of an external primary proton and three secondary charged particle transport systems. The optical and mechanical designs of the secondary beam lines, as well as certain novel features, are described. Calculated values of beam fluxes are presented and beam line tuning employing an α-particle system to simulate 101.1 MeV/c singly charged particle beams is discussed.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucamines: Reductive amination of hydrophilic 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose with lipophilic amines for the development of potential PET imaging agents

Maillard reaction of (18)F-FDG with biological amines results in the formation of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglycosylamines ((18)F-FDGly) as pseudo-Amadori products. To increase in vivo stability, we report the reductive amination of FDGly to provide reduced fluorodeoxyglucamines (FDGlu). (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucamines ((18)F-FDGlu), resulting from linking (18)F-FDG (hydrophilic) to lipophilic molecules containing amine group may be useful as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. Two amine derivatives, 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-(3'-aminophenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (SCH 38548 for dopamine D1 receptors) and BTA-0 (for Aβ amyloid) were reacted with FDG under reductive amination conditions to yield stable products, FDGluSCH and FDGluBTA. FDGluSCH had high binding affinity to rat brain dopamine D1 receptors with a Ki of 19.5 nM while FDGluBTA had micromolar affinity for human frontal cortex Aβ plaques. (18)F-FDGluSCH was prepared in low to modest radiochemical yields and preliminary results showed binding to the rat striatum in brain slices. In vivo stability of(18)F-FDGluSCH needs to be determined. Our results suggest that (18)F-FDG is a useful 'radioactive synthon' for PET radiotracer development. Its usefulness will have to be determined on the basis of the structure-activity relationship of the target molecule.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that utilizes an externally positioned current-carrying coil to induce a transcranial magnetic field and stimulate neurons in superficial regions of the cortex. TMS has been approved by the FDA for several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder; however, despite some clinical successes, the mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects are not well understood. TMS stimulation protocols vary widely with frequency, pulse duration, and magnitude of the applied magnetic field, all of which influence the underlying cellular responses.
Aggregation and its Discontents: Class Settlement Pressure, Class-Wide Arbitration, and Cafa

The law of aggregate litigation has witnessed the emergence of three significant debates in recent years. Scholars of class actions have debated the normative significance of the settlement pressure exerted upon defendants by judicial decisions to certify litigation to proceed on a class-wide basis. The courts themselves have diverged over the validity of provisions in consumer and other contracts that not only subject disputes to mandatory arbitration but also purport to forbid claimants from conducting the arbitration proceeding on a class-wide basis. Congress, too, has entered the fray over aggregate procedure, enacting the controversial Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (CAFA) to facilitate the removal to the federal courts of proposed class actions involving state-law claims.This article unites the discourse about these three seemingly separate questions of aggregate procedure. All three raise common questions about the proper relationship between aggregation and underlying substantive law - in particular, about the institutional authority that a decision to afford or to withhold aggregate treatment may wield to effectuate reform in substantive rights. By regarding aggregation from the standpoint of institutional authority, the law may discern with greater precision when class settlement pressure is illegitimate and when it raises no normative concern. Likewise, an institutional perspective helps to pinpoint the questions that courts should ask when confronted with challenges to waivers of class-wide arbitration. The article closes by relating these topics to an emerging debate over the application of choice-of-law principles to proposed nationwide class actions in the federal courts pursuant to CAFA.
Interference aware routing for CDMA wireless ad hoc networks

The CDMA technology represents an appealing choice for ad hoc networks deployments in military communications, due to its intrinsic resistance to jamming and interference, and its low probability of intercept property. On the other hand, ad hoc CDMA network performance is severely limited by strong interferers, and for peer-to-peer communications the near-far effect problem cannot be mitigated through power control as in cellular systems. In this paper, we propose to alleviate the near-far problem at the network level by designing an interference aware routing scheme. The proposed routing algorithm seeks to minimize the total energy expenditure for an end-to-end path, subject to constraints on the interference caused by the nodes participating in a route to other nodes in their neighborhood. Our simulation results using this routing technique show improvements in throughput of up to 60%, compared with the classic minimum energy routing approach. These improvements are achieved at the expense of only a slight increase in the average energy per bit transmission for an end-to-end path
TWO KINDS OF INTENTIONALITY IN LOCKE

Ideas play at least two roles in Locke's theory of the understanding. They are constituents of ‘propositions,’ and some of them ‘represent’ the qualities and sorts of surrounding bodies. I argue that each role involves a distinct kind of intentional directedness. The same idea will in general be an ‘idea of’ two different objects, in different senses of the expression. Identifying Locke's scheme of twofold ‘ofness’ reveals a common structure to his accounts of simple ideas and complex ideas of substances. A consequence is a distinction among substance sorts parallel to one of his distinctions between primary and secondary qualities.
Influence of distinct asthma phenotypes on lung function following weight loss in the obese.

Background and objective There appears to be two distinct clinical phenotypes of obese patients with asthma—those with early-onset asthma and high serum IgE (TH2-high), and those with late-onset asthma and low serum IgE (TH2-low). The aim of the present study was to determine in the two phenotypes of obese asthma the effect of weight loss on small airway function. Methods TH2-low (n = 8) and TH2-high (n = 5) obese asthmatics underwent methacholine challenge before and 12 months following bariatric surgery. Dose–response slopes as measures of sensitivity to airway closure and narrowing were measured as maximum % fall forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/FVC, respectively, divided by dose. Resting airway mechanics were measured by forced oscillation technique. Results Weight loss reduced sensitivity to airway closure in TH2-low but not TH2-high obese asthmatics (pre-post mean change ± 95% confidence interval: 1.8 ± 0.8 doubling doses vs −0.3 ± 1.7 doubling doses, P = 0.04). However, there was no effect of weight loss on the sensitivity to airway narrowing in either group (P = 0.8, TH2-low: 0.8 ± 1.0 doubling doses, TH2-high: −1.1 ± 2.5 doubling doses). In contrast, respiratory resistance (20 Hz) improved in TH2-high but not in TH2-low obese asthmatics (pre-post change median interquartile range: 1.5 (1.3–2.8) cmH2O/L/s vs 0.6 (−1.8–0.8) cmH2O/L/s, P = 0.03). Conclusions TH2-low obese asthmatics appear to be characterized by increased small airway responsiveness and abnormalities in resting airway function that may persist following weight loss. However, this was not the case for TH2-high obese asthmatics, highlighting the complex interplay between IgE status and asthma pathophysiology in obesity.
Steady State, Oscillation, and Chaos in Population Dynamics

Let us return to the simple population models of Chapter 2, in the absence of randomness, and explore the behavior of a simple deterministic model as a parameter value gets pushed outside the realm that is typically considered in these models. Denote the size of the population in time period t as N(t) and the net change in the population size during that period as ΔN. The exogenous parameter influencing the net flow is R. The net flow ΔN updates the stock N: $$ \Delta {\text{N = N(t + DT) - N(t)}}{\text{.}} $$ (1)
The Genera Cliorismia, Dichoglena, and Psilocephala in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae)

The nearctic species of the genera Cliorismia, Dichoglena, and Psilocephala are redescribed, including the description of one new species Cliorismia platyphallus. The inclusion of Cliorismia bussi (James) and C. platyphallus n. sp. expands the distribution of Cliorismia from the Palaearctic Region into the Nearctic Region. A key to the Nearctic species is provided along with maps of their distributions. Psilocephala latifrons Cole is synonomized under Dichoglena nigrina Krober, Psilocephala munda Loew is synonymized under Psilocephala vicina Walker.
Functionally Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Metal Compounds

Publisher Summary The birth of cyclopentadienyl transition-metal chemistry occurred in 1951 when Pauson and Kealy discovered bis(η5–cyclopentadienyl)iron (ferrocene). Sodium cyclopentadienides containing aldehyde, ketone, or ester substituents can be synthesized easily following a method developed originally by Thiele in 1900. Peters has shown that a reaction between equimolar amounts of methyl chloroformate and sodium cyclopentadienide gave two main products. Cyclopentadienide anions possessing electron-withdrawing groups generally have greater air stability than do the corresponding unsubstituted cyclopentadienide anions. Excluding ferrocene and cymantrene, which can be halogenated indirectly via electrophilic substitution, there are two methods available for the synthesis of halocyclopentadienylmetal compounds. Wulfsberg and West have synthesized thallium pentachlorocyclopentadienide as well as other M+C5Cl5– salts and have studied their properties. In 1900, Thiele obtained the first cyclopentadienylmetal compound––sodium nitrocyclopentadienide––from a reaction between cyclopentadiene and ethyl nitrate in the presence of sodium ethoxide.Various nucleophiles reacted with 6-diene to give, after hydrolysis, substituted cyclopentadienes. Schlenk and Bergmann first observed sodium isopropenylcyclopentadienide as the product of a reaction between 6,6-dimethylfulvene and triphenylmethylsodium. Polymer-supported cyclopentadienyl compounds have been synthesized mainly for possible catalytic applications. In general, polystyrene–divinylbenzene copolymers have been used as the polymer supports.
ANALYTIC MODEL APPROACH TO THE INVERSION OF SCATTERING DATA

An analytic model approach is applied to several simple atmospheric inversion problems. This method gives a sharp determination of aerosol size distribution parameters. It is shown that this analytic approach, together with ground level point sampling data measurements, can be used to infer information on the tropospheric ozone profile.
Controversy Trending: The Rhetorical Form of Mia and Ronan Farrow's 2014 Online Firestorm Against #WoodyAllen

Following the January 2014 Golden Globes tribute to Woody Allen, Mia and Ronan Farrow accused the director of being a child molester on Twitter. As a result, the Farrows and their fans helped shift news of Allen's receipt of a lifetime achievement award to a story about an affective online discourse against the filmmaker. This essay argues that the rhetorical form of the Farrows' Twitter discourse and resulting news coverage helped shift a microblogging character assault into a macrocultural controversy. Through an analysis of the controversy, this study explains that the rhetoric of this online firestorm and subsequent news coverage was not based on the revelation of new information, but on the presentation of salacious allegations against Allen.
Transformation During Mixed Pneumococcal Infection of Mice

The recent demonstration by others of transformation during peritoneal infection of mice by two genetically distinct pneumococcal strains supports the notion that transformation may be significant in pneumococcal infection in nature. These studies confirm the occurrence of transformation during mixed infection of mice and define some conditions for its occurrence and its significance. Mice were inoculated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) donor (small type III capsule, low virulence, streptomycin-susceptible) and recipient (noncapsulated, low virulence, streptomycin-resistant) pneumococci, and the bacteremia in mice that died was evaluated. Transformants (large type III capsule, virulent, streptomycin-resistant) were isolated from up to 80% of mice that died from mixed peritoneal infection. Transformation occurred in mice that received donor and recipient 6 hr apart; hence, active DNA was released and competence developed during growth in vivo. Transformation was detected only with progressive infection by both strains, and then transformants were few in the blood and apparently were not responsible for the death of the animals. In doubly infected mice treated with streptomycin, transformation was enhanced; transformants numerically dominated the bacteremia and seemed to cause the death of the mice. Transformation was also demonstrated for the first time during infection of the respiratory tract.
Alcator C-Mod inner divertor upgrade design and analysis

In 1993 there were indications that the C-Mod inner divertor was being over-loaded. As a result, an inner divertor modification is being installed in C-Mod. The new design is intended to allow a change in profile of the divertor to accommodate a higher plasma triangularity, strengthen the inner vessel wall to survive 9.0 Tesla, 2.5 MA disruptions and, eliminate tile rotation. The thermal differentials between tiles and vessel wall, necessitated the introduction of compliance in the reinforcement hardware. Practical assembly within the vessel required manageable part size,and bolted interfaces which further reduced the strength and stiffness. A modest improvement of 22% was achieved while meeting the many design constraints.
The ill-posedness of restoring lost samples and regularized restoration for band-limited signals

In this paper the ill-posedness of restoring lost samples is discussed. The restoration algorithm by Shannon's Sampling Theorem is analyzed. A regularized restoring algorithm for band-limited signals is presented. The convergence of the regularized restoring algorithm is studied and compared with the restoration algorithm by Shannon's sampling theorem.
RNA ratios in dividing and non-dividing cells of pea root.

Abstract These experiments were designed to determine RNA ratios in dividing, elongating, and maturing cells of pea seedling roots. Fractionation into high molecular weight ribosomal RNA and a low molecular weight fraction (4-S transfer RNA and 5-S ribosomal RNA) was accomplished by differential dissolution of total RNA in 3.0 M sodium acetate (pH 6.0) in combination with gel electrophoresis. Transfer RNA, when expressed as percent of the total RNA, was present in significantly lower amounts in dividing cells than in non-dividing cells. The level in dividing cells was approx. 50 % of that found in non-dividing cells. Based on known cell sizes in the three types of tissue, the amount of transfer RNA per cell increased markedly when going from the dividing to the non-dividing state while rRNA changed only slightly. Low proportions of transfer RNA are also associated with rapidly dividing cells in soybean callus tissue and synchronously grown Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Enhanced external counterpulsation reduces indices of central blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy decreases angina episodes and improves quality of life in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms relative to the benefits of EECP therapy in patients with LV dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EECP on indices of central haemodynamics, aortic pressure wave reflection characteristics, and estimates of LV load and myocardial oxygen demand in patients with LV dysfunction. Patients with chronic stable angina and LV ejection fraction 30%, were randomized to either an EECP group (LV ejection fraction = 35.1 ± 4.6%; n = 10) or sham-EECP group (LV ejection fraction = 34.3 ± 4.2%; n = 7). Pulse wave analysis of the central aortic pressure waveform and LV function were evaluated by applanation tonometry before and after 35 1-h sessions of EECP or sham-EECP. Enhanced external counterpulsation therapy was effective in reducing indices of LV wasted energy and myocardial oxygen demand by 25% and 19%, respectively. In addition, indices of coronary perfusion pressure and subendocardial perfusion were increased by 9% and 30%, respectively, after EECP. Our data indicate that EECP may be useful as adjuvant therapy for improving functional classification in heart failure patients through reductions in central blood pressure, aortic pulse pressure, wasted LV energy, and myocardial oxygen demand, which also suggests improvements in ventricular-vascular interactions.
Estimation for a class of nonstationary processes

Abstract Random processes with almost periodic covariance function are considered from a spectral outlook. Given suitable conditions, spectral estimation problems are discussed for Gaussian processes of this type that are neither stationary nor locally stationary. Spectral mass is concentrated on lines parallel to the main diagonal in the spectral plane. A method of estimation of the support of spectral mass under appropriate restraints is considered. Some open questions are discussed. Extension of the methods for a class of nonGaussian nonstationary processes with mean value function a trigonometric regression is given. Consistent estimates for frequency, amplitude and phase of the regression are noted when the residual process is zero mean almost periodic. The resulting estimation of the spectral mass of the residual is also considered.
How can CASE help?: a look at the feasibility of supporting structured analysis with CASE

One important role of a CASE tool is to serve as a methodology companion --- to assist an analyst in the creation of documentation passed to succeeding phases of the life cycle and to guide the analyst through a particular systems development methodology. While many vendors claim their CASE products supports a particular methodology, the actual level of support varies greatly from one CASE tool to another and, for a particular tool, the level of support varies among the rules of the methodology.The feasibility of using CASE to provide automated checking for the rules of structured analysis is presented within the context of a framework for examining CASE methodology support. Two popular CASE tools are compared against a feasibility benchmark by examining system specifications created using the tools. The results indicate that methodologically consistent specifications are more likely to be achieved when the methodology support provided by the CASE tool is as rigorous as possible.
Policy, Practice and People: Current Issues Affecting Clinical Practice

This commentary highlights current policy issues affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the US with implications for mental and behavioral health care and social work services. These issues include conversion or reparative therapies, especially for young people, and conscience clauses that may exempt some students and practitioners from serving LGBTQ people and their families. While not a “policy” per se, emerging knowledge about health disparities that affect LGBTQ people will also be summarized because of its relevance to practice; many of these concern mental health and behavioral health. Finally, some resources for making health care organizations more responsive to the needs of LGBT people are identified.
FLT3 Ligand induces functional effects through STAT5a activation and bcl-xl expression as evidenced through biochemical analysis and use of stat 5A −/− mice

Abstract Flt3 ligand (FL) is an early acting co-stimulatory cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation and survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Its receptor, Flt3/Flk2, belongs to the type III receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that also include the receptors for M-CSF, Steel factor, and PDGF. Although some post-receptor signaling events and substrate specificities of the Flt3 receptor have been characterized, involvement of the Jak/Stat pathway in Flt3 signaling has not been clearly studied. We found that FL selectively activated Stat5a, without activation of Janus kinases in Baf3/Flt3 cells, a murine IL-3-dependent hematopoietic cell line which stably expresses full-length human Flt3 receptor. FL did not activate Stats 1,2,3,5b, or 6. Activation of Stat5a required the kinase activity of Flt3. We have also examined whether FL upregulates bcl-xL, a STAT5 target gene. Expression of bcl-xL was up-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels after FL stimulation of Baf3/Flt3 cells. To evaluate physiological relevance of these observations, we assessed responsiveness of myeloid progenitor cells from Stat 5a −/− mice and their littermate controls (+/+) to stimulation by a number of growth factors and co-stimulating molecules, alone and in combination. CFU-GM from Stat 5a −/− and +/+ mice responded similarly to stimulation by various concentrations of GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF, or steel factor (SLF) and to synergism of SLF plus either GM-CSF, M-CSF or G-CSF. In contrast, CFU-GM from control, but not Stat 5a −/−, mice responded to FL and to the synergistic effects of FL with either GM-CSF, M-CSF or G-CSF. In a preliminary experiment, levels of bcl-xl were greatly reduced in Stat 5a −/− compared to +/+ cells. These results demonstrate that Stat5a is essential for the costimulatory effects of FL and suggest that a mechanism for the functional activity of FL is to upregulate expression of bcl-xL through activation of Stat5a.
Making Meaning of Citizenship: Mental Illness, Forensic Involvement, and Homelessness

Individuals with mental illness, substance use disorders, and criminal justice involvement who experience homelessness are often marginalized and have difficulty achieving community inclusion. A framework of citizenship provides a basis for understanding the components of integration necessary to achieve status as a member of one's community. A citizenship “map” was presented to focus groups of persons with mental illness and histories of criminal justice charges and of homelessness. Participants discussed the items most salient to them, and several themes emerged. These may inform interventions in community mental health systems and allow for further analysis of a citizenship measure derived from the citizenship map.
Calcium-induced associations of the caseins: thermodynamic linkage of calcium binding to colloidal stability of casein micelles.

The caseins occur in milk as colloidal complexes of protein aggregates, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. As determined by electron microscopy, these particles are spherical and have approximately a 650 A radius (casein micelles). In the absence of calcium, the protein aggregates themselves (submicelles) have been shown to result from mainly hydrophobic interactions. The fractional concentration of stable colloidal casein micelles can be obtained in a calcium caseinate solution by centrifugation at 1500g. Thus, the amount of stable colloid present with varying Ca2+ concentrations can be determined and then analyzed by application of equations derived from Wyman's Thermodynamic Linkage Theory. Ca2+-induced colloid stability profiles were obtained experimentally for model micelles consisting of only α s1- (a calcium insoluble casein) and the stabilizing protein κ-casein, eliminating the complications arising from β- and minor casein forms. Two distinct genetic variants α s1-A andB were used. Analysis of α s1-A colloid stability profiles yielded a precipitation (salting-out) constantk 1, as well as colloid stability (salting-in) parameterk 2. No variations ofk 1 ork 2 were found with increasing amounts of κ-casein. From the variation of the amount of colloidal casein capable of being stabilized vs. amount of added κ-casein an association constant of 4 L/g could be calculated for the complexation of α s1-A and κ-casein. For the α s1-B and κ-casein micelles, an additional Ca2+-dependent colloidal destabilization parameter,k 3, was added to the existingk 1 andk 2 parameters in order to fully describe this more complex system. Furthermore, the value ofk 3 decreased with increasing concentration of κ-casein. These results were analyzed with respect to the specific deletion which occurs in α s1-caseinA in order to determine the sites responsible for these Ca2+-induced quaternary structural effects.
Wound healing: the role of gap junctional communication in rat granulation tissue maturation.

Granulation tissue maturation is dependent upon the orientation of collagen fibers and cell differentiation. Gap junctions are intercellular membrane gated channels that facilitate direct communication between cells known as gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). The hypothesis is that GJIC modulates the maturation of granulation tissue during wound repair. In vitro, GJIC optimizes fibroblast-populated collagen lattice contraction and influences cell morphology. It is reported that LiCl increases GJIC in cultured cardiac myocytes. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge implants with central reservoirs were placed within separate subcutaneous pockets on the backs of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Each PVA implant received either 20 mM LiCl or saline injections on days 5, 7, and 10 after implantation. On day 11 implants were harvested and processed for light microscopy. By H&E staining LiCl-treated implants showed increased vascularization and decreased cell density compared to saline controls. Polarized light microscopy of Sirius red-stained specimens revealed more intense collagen fiber birefringence secondary to dense, parallel-organized collagen fiber bundles after LiCl treatment. This suggests that LiCl enhancement of GJIC between fibroblasts advances the maturation of granulation tissue. It is proposed that the degree of GJIC between granulation tissue fibroblasts influences both the quantity and the quality of granulation tissue deposited during the wound healing process.
Prevention of child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus among pregnant women.

Objective To determine if protective behavior prevents child-to-mother transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy. Study design We studied 166 seronegative mothers (94% white women; mean age, 33 years) with a child Results In the intervention group, 7.8% of women (9 of 115) seroconverted, as did 7.8% of women (4 of 51) in the control group. Two independent predictors of maternal infection were (1) a child shedding and (2) a mother attempting pregnancy at enrollment. For 41 women attempting pregnancy at enrollment with a child shedding CMV, 10 of 24 became infected compared with only 1 of 17 women who were already pregnant at enrollment ( P = .008). Conclusions For seronegative women who already know they are pregnant, intervention may be highly effective for preventing CMV acquisition.
A teaching model for development of sensor-driven mobile applications

This paper concerns teaching computer science undergraduate students to develop sophisticated sensor-driven mobile applications, which students find interesting and motivating. Computer science students commonly adopt a trial-and-error application development process. However, indeterminacy inherent in sensor data makes the trial-and-error approach difficult, which frustrates students and impairs learning. In addition, the complexity of modern mobile devices' development environment and numerous APIs can further undo the motivating effect that these types of applications bring. To address these challenges, we propose a teaching model for sensor-driven mobile application development. The model features an application development process and a set of supporting tools and programs. The model provides a structured way for students to deal with the indeterminacy of sensor data and the complex development environments and results in a positive and supportive learning experience for the students. A case study of applying the model in an upper-level computer science elective course has shown it to be effective.
PRESS/CLEVE PORTIONING AND MECHANICAL TENDERIZATION OF BEEF TOP LOINS AS AFFECTED BY NUTRITIONAL REGIME AND BIOLOGICAL TYPE

Eighty steers, forty each of two biological types (large, late maturing, and small, early maturing) were placed on nutritional regimes containing four levels of roughage. After slaughter, 40 top loins were press/cleave portioned and mechanically tenderized, 40 top loins were press/cleave portioned only, 40 top loins were mechanically tenderized only and 40 top loins remained untreated to serve as controls. Each nutritional regime and biological type was equally represented in each of the processing treatments. Taste panel evaluations indicated a preference for tenderized steaks (P < 0.05) over those not tenderized. Press/cleave portioning had very little effect on the steaks. The combination of press/cleave portioning and mechanical tenderization appeared to be an acceptable industry practice.