cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Iliopsoas Muscle Hemorrhage-Predictors of Associated Mortality.

Rationale and Objectives Spontaneous iliopsoas muscle hemorrhage (SIPH) is a rare clinical condition associated with high mortality. In this work we aimed to retrospectively investigate the predictors of mortality in a single-institution cohort of consecutive SIPH patients. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients (n = 61, 30 men, 76 years [range 51–93]) with computed tomography (CT) confirmed diagnosis of SIPH were retrospectively included between January 2010 and April 2020. CT studies were assessed for signs of active bleeding, extramuscular retroperitoneal hematoma, visible sedimentation, and hematoma volume. Medication history, laboratory parameters, comorbidities, and disease management were also recorded. All parameters were subsequently examined with regard to their impact on outcome and survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to identify variables associated with time to death. Results The overall mortality was 22.9%. A total of 77% of patients received anticoagulant therapy prior to the onset of SIPH. Active bleeding in contrast enhanced CT (CECT) was the only independent variable associated with shorter survival (p = 0.01, hazard ratio 7.05 [1.45–34.20]). Hematoma volume or extramuscular retroperitoneal hematoma had no significant influence on short-term mortality. Conclusion Only active bleeding but not hematoma volume or extra-muscular bleeding is an independent risk factor for short-term mortality in patients with SIPH.
Heartbeat: Intervention for spontaneous coronary artery dissection?

Acute coronary syndrome due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) typically is managed conservatively because coronary anatomy returns to normal in most patients at follow-up and because there is a high rate of technical failure and complications with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, a subgroup of these patients is at risk of extensive myocardial infarction and might benefit from PCI, despite the risk of complications. In this issue of Heart , Kotecha and colleagues1 report outcomes in 215 SCAD patients (94% women, median age 48 years with a range of 42–54 years) who underwent PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, TIMI grade 0/1 flow or proximal dissection (figure 1). As expected, PCI-related complications were frequent, occurring in 38.6% (83/215), with 13.0% (28/215) of patients suffering a serious complication. Even so, improved TIMI flow was achieved in 84.3% (118/140) with worsened TIMI flow in only 7% of patients. At a median follow-up of 900 days, 9.3% suffered recurrent acute myocardial infarction, 4.7% required further revascularisation, 1.5% had a stroke and 1.4% died. However, there was no difference in outcomes in SCAD-PCI patients compared with a matched cohort of SCAD patients who did not undergo PCI. Figure 1 Details of the PCI procedure in SCAD intervention patients (n=215): (A) interventional strategy, (B) number of stents deployed, (C) stent length compared with lesion length and (D) coronary heat map of stented AHA coronary segments. AHA, American Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SCAD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Adamson2 reminds us that SCAD …
Dolutegravir Impairs Stem Cell-Based 3D Morphogenesis Models in a Manner Dependent on Dose and Timing of Exposure: An Implication for Its Developmental Toxicity.

Dolutegravir is an anti-retroviral drug of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection. It is the recommended first-line regimen for most people, including women of childbearing age. However, some human and animal studies have suggested that dolutegravir causes birth defects, although its developmental toxicity remains controversial. Here, we investigated the adverse effects of dolutegravir using pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro morphogenesis models that have previously been validated as effective tools to assess the developmental toxicity of various chemicals. Dolutegravir diminished the growth and axial elongation of the morphogenesis model of mouse pluripotent stem cells at exposures of 2 μM and above in a concentration-dependent manner. Concomitantly, dolutegravir altered the expression profiles of developmental regulator genes involved in embryonic patterning. The adverse effects were observed when the morphogenesis model was exposed to dolutegravir at early stages of development, but not at later stages. The potency and molecular impact of dolutegravir on the morphogenesis model were distinct from other integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Lastly, dolutegravir altered the growth and gene expression profiles of the morphogenesis model of human embryonic stem cells at 1 μM and above. These studies demonstrate that dolutegravir impairs morphological and molecular aspects of the in vitro morphogenesis models in a manner dependent on dose and timing of exposure through mechanisms that are unrelated to its action as an integrase strand transfer inhibitor. This finding will be useful for interpreting the conflicting outcomes regarding the developmental toxicity of dolutegravir in human and animal studies.
Teaching Management: A Field Guide for Professors, Consultants, and Corporate Trainers

Figures Why this book on teaching management? 1. Fundamental elements in teaching 2. Levels of learning: one, two and three 3. Adult learning theory: it matters 4. Planning a course: trips and tips 5. Planning a class: no detail is too small 6. Lecturing: the possibilities and the perils 7. Managing discussions 8. Case method: fostering multidimensional learning 9. Role-playing 10. Case writing: crafting a vehicle of interest and impact 11. Case teaching notes: getting from here to there 12. Action learning 13. Experiential methods 14. Enhancing the conversation: audiovisual tools and techniques 15. Executive education: contributing to organizational competitive advantage 16. Using technology to teach management 17. Counseling students 18. Evaluating students: the twin tasks of certification and development 19. Teaching evaluations: feedback that can help and hurt 20. Research presentations 21. Managing a degree program: behind the 'glory' 22. Managing a nondegree client program: an overview 23. Dealing with the press 24. Managing yourself and your time Index.
Nitric oxide: cellular regulation and neuronal injury.

Publisher Summary A variety of mechanisms have been proposed for NO neurotoxicity, including inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes such as cis-aconitase, inhibition of the mitochondria1 electron transport chain, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, DNA damage, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, and S-nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Excessive stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) by glutamate leads to excess production of NO, which is toxic to neurons under a variety of experimental paradigms and pathological conditions. When excessive amounts of NO are formed in response to the actions of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, acting at NMDA receptors, NO mediates components of neuronal killing NMDA toxicity acting via NO may account for neural damage associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia as well as neural damage in cerebral infarction. Strategies aimed at decreasing the formation of NO or identifying targets of NO'S action may have clinical relevance for the development of agents which can prevent or reverse these degenerative disorders.
BOREAS RS-12 Automated Ground Sunphotometer Measurements in the SSA

The BOREAS RSS-12 team collected both ground and airborne sunphotometer measurements for use in characterizing the aerosol optical properties of the atmosphere during the BOREAS data collection activities. These measurements are to be used to: 1) measure the magnitude and variability of the aerosol optical depth in both time and space; 2) determine the optical properties of the boreal aerosols; and 3) atmospherically correct some remotely sensed data acquired during BOREAS. These data cover selected days and times from May to September 1994 and were taken from one of two ground sites near Candle Lake in the SSA. The data described in this document are from the field sunphotometer data. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).
Iterative feedforward compensation of hysteresis in piezo positioners

In this article, we prove convergence of an iterative control algorithm to find an input that achieves precise positioning in hysteretic systems. In the analysis, the Preisach hysteresis model is used to characterize the nonlinear behavior of the piezo positioner. We quantify the number of iterations required to achieve a prescribed precision. The method is applied to an experimental piezo system to demonstrate its efficacy, and results show that the positioning error can be reduced to the noise level of the sensor measurement.
Accuracy of Equilibrium Slope Stability Analysis

The accuracy of limit equilibrium slope stability analyses procedures is examined by comparing the results of the Simplified Bishop procedure with results obtained using the finite element procedure of analysis. The distributions of normal stresses along the shear surface were compared and found to be reasonably similar, the agreement between the two procedures being closest for relatively flat slopes with relatively low values of cohesion. The values of the factor of safety, while assumed constant in the Bishop procedure, were shown by the finite element analyses to vary considerably along the shear surface. However, the overall, or average, values of the factor of safety computed by these two procedures were found to agree within 5 percent over the range of conditions investigated. It was concluded from these results that the Simplified Bishop procedure, as well as many other limit equilibrium analysis procedures, do not involve large errors in the computed values for the overall factor of safety of earth slopes.
El silencio como referente indirecto en Poemas Náufragos de Dulce María Loynaz

Dulce Maria Loynaz publico Poemas Naufragos durante la ultima decada de su vida a pesar de haberlos escrito con muchos anos de anterioridad. En esta coleccion, la poeta cubana recurre al silencio como una caracteristica que se repite; al mismo tiempo, el silencio unifica el discurso poetico facilitando la trancision entre el autor real y el autor implicito. Loynaz logra que el silencio, como referente indirecto, ayude a la comprension de sus poemas.
قانون دعوای: الگويی برای کشورهای سيستم سيويل لا(The Class Action Code: A Model for Civil Law Countries)

Persian Abstract: این ترجمه فارسی از طرح پیشنهادی جهت تصویب «قانون دعوای جمعی» در کشورهای تابع نظام سیویل لا است. «قانون نمونه» پیشنهادی کلیه جنبه های دعاوی جمعی را پیش بینی و تنظیم می کند. هدف از این طرح، الهام بخشیدن به وضع بهترین قانون ممکن برای پرونده های مربوط به دعاوی جمعی در پرتو نیازها و ویژگی های کشورهای تابع نظام سیویل لا و تجربه بین المللی در این زمینه است. ترجمه: دکتر مجید پوراستاد (با همکاری سمیرا مهدوی و مریم فرزاد)English Abstract: This is the Iranian (Persian) translation of the proposal for the enactment of a Class Action Code in civil law countries. The proposed Model Code extensively regulates all aspects of modern class actions. The objective is to inspire the creation of the best possible code for class action suits, in light of the needs and peculiarities of civil law countries and the international experience with class actions.Translation by Dr. Majid Pourostad (assisted by Samira Mahdavi & Maryam Farzad).
Ab Initio Absorption Spectra and Optical Gaps in Nanocrystalline Silicon

The optical absorption spectra of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n}{\mathrm{H}}_{m}$ nanoclusters up to $\ensuremath{\sim}250$ atoms are computed using a linear response theory within the time-dependent local density approximation (TDLDA). The TDLDA formalism allows the electronic screening and correlation effects, which determine exciton binding energies, to be naturally incorporated within an ab initio framework. We find the calculated excitation energies and optical absorption gaps to be in good agreement with experiment in the limit of both small and large clusters. The TDLDA absorption spectra exhibit substantial blueshifts with respect to the spectra obtained within the time-independent local density approximation.
Perspectives on herpes-APP interactions.

We recently reported a physical association between the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) that causes the common cold sore and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) whose proteolytic fra­gment, Ab, is the major component of senile plaques in Alzhe­imer’s disease (Satpute-Krishnan, DeGiorgis and Bearer 2003). This physical association raises many new questions concerning a role for HSV infection in central nervous system function, including whether infection affects the risk of Alzheimer’s dis­ease or promotes other types of dementias.
Potential Moral Stigma and Reactions to Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Evidence for a Disjunction Fallacy:

Five experiments demonstrate how potential moral stigma leads people to underplay their susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and dampens their interest in getting tested. After adding unprotected sex to a list of otherwise innocuous possible vectors for a disease, the authors found that infected people were perceived to be less moral (Experiment 1a), and individuals believed that if they had the disease, others would see them as less moral too (Experiment 1b). Adding this stigmatized vector also reduced reported testing intentions (Experiment 2) and perceived risk of exposure (Experiment 3)--a disjunction fallacy because adding a potential cause reduced estimated likelihood, in violation of basic probability rules. Finally, the authors replicated the effect in a computer virus analog (Experiment 4) and showed that it did not result from simply knowing that one has not engaged in the stigmatized behavior. Results suggest that avoidance of potential stigma can have dramatic health consequences, both for an individual's health decision and for health policy.
Ethanol as a hypnotic in insomniacs: self administration and effects on sleep and mood.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of low ethanol doses on sleep and mood and to assess its reinforcing effects used as a hypnotic. Twenty healthy adults, aged 21–45 yrs, all moderate social drinkers, were studied: eleven subjects had insomnia and nine were normal sleepers, as documented by clinical polysomnography. On two sampling nights each, ethanol (0.5 g/kg) or placebo was administered before sleep in color-coded cups presented in three doses (0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 g/kg) separated by 15 min. On three subsequent nights subjects chose their preferred pre-sleep beverage (0.2 g/kg ethanol or placebo) based on cup color and were given an opportunity for 3 additional refills (0.2 g/kg each) of the chosen beverage at 15 min intervals, yielding a total possible dose of 0.8 g/kg. Insomniacs chose ethanol 67% of nights and normals 22%. Insomniacs chose significantly more ethanol refills than normals for an average nightly dose of 0.45 g/kg and normals took significantly more placebo refills. On the sampling nights 0.5 g/kg ethanol reduced REM sleep for both groups for the 8-hr sleep period and in insomniacs increased stage 3-4 sleep and reduced stage 1 sleep during the first half of the night to the level seen in the normals. Other sleep variables were not altered in either group or halves of the night. Pre-sleep improvements in the Profile of Mood States tension and concentration factors were also associated with ethanol administration. Thus, acutely, both sleep and mood effects appear to be associated with the reinforcing effects of ethanol as a hypnotic for insomniacs.
Fuzzy clustering and iterative relational classification for terrorist profiling

We study the problem of detecting and profiling terrorists using a combination of ordinary flat classifiers and relational information. Our starting point is a database for a set of individuals characterized by both ldquolocalrdquo attributes such as age and criminal background, and ldquorelationalrdquo information such as communications among a subset of the individuals. A subset of the individuals have labels (terrorist or normal people), and we would want to design a classifier that captures the patterns of terrorists and achieves good accuracy in predicting the labels of the remaining part of the database. While ldquoflatrdquo (or attribute-based) classifiers such as decision trees mainly concentrate on using local attributes for object classification, the ldquoguilty by associationrdquo simple relational classifier utilizes only connections (relations) among objects for the classification task. We present a hybrid approach that iteratively applies a flat classifier augmented with flattened relational attributes for learning and classification. In particular, we describe our experiments on combining fuzzy C-means clustering with iterative relational classification for terrorist detection from the database. Our hybrid classifier has achieved very good prediction accuracy in the experiments.
Toxic Impurities in Nalgene Filter Removed

The affiliation of O. Henry, author of the technical comment, "Toxic Impurities in Nalgene Filter Removed" ( 153 , 1551 (23 Sept. 1966)] was misspelled. It should have read "Nalge Company."
Isolating Apparently Pure Libraries of Replication Origins from Complex Genomes

Because of the complexity of higher eukaryotic genomes and the lack of a reliable autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) assay for isolating potential replicators, the identification of origins has proven to be extremely challenging and time consuming. We have developed a new origin-trapping method based on the partially circular nature of restriction fragments containing replication bubbles and have prepared a library of approximately 1,000 clones from early S phase CHO cells. When 15 randomly selected clones were analyzed by a stringent two-dimensional (2D) gel replicon mapping method, all were shown to correspond to active, early firing origins. Furthermore, most of these appear to derive from broad zones of potential sites, and the five that were analyzed in a time-course study are all inefficient. This bubble-trapping scheme will allow the construction of comprehensive origin libraries from any complex genome so that their natures and distributions vis-a-vis other chromosomal markers can be established.
Phase Behavior of a Lipid/Polymer-Lipid Mixture in Aqueous Medium

The phase behavior of a mixture of bilayer forming lipids and polymer-lipids (lipids with covalently attached polymer to their hydrophilic moieties) in excess water is studied theoretically. The mixture is predicted to exhibit complex phase behavior for polymer molecular weights 2000 and 5000, depending on the concentration (fraction) of polymer-lipids in the lipid mixture. The bilayer is characterized by a maximal concentration n sat (saturation limit) of polymer-lipids that it can incorporate, as determined by its material properties (elastic modulus of area expansion and critical area expansion). At a different concentration n tr , which we call the thermodynamics crossover, micelle formation becomes energetically favorable over bilayer formation. We show that for DSPC and SOPC bilayers n tr < n sat . Increase of the polymer-lipid concentration above n tr leads to a gradual transition from a bilayer to a micellar phase ; bilayers and micelles can coexist. In the transition region the polymer-lipid concentration is higher in the micellar phase than in the coexisting bilayer.
Potential of predation byMetaseiulus occidentalis in compensating for increased, nutritionally induced, power of increase ofTetranychus urticae

This study was conducted to ascertain if the predatory phytoseiidMetaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) could contain and regulate a prey population of the two-spotted mite,Tetranychus urticaeKoch, on strawberries at both high and low levels of reproductive increase of the prey species, by use of high and low levels of nitrogen fertilization of the strawberry plants which were grown in 2 hydroponic tanks, 1 with full nutrients, 1 with 1/40 full nutrients. A 14-h day length was provided. Temperatures averaged 21°C with R.H. averaging about 75. After inoculation prey and predator counts were made weekly. Fecundity tests were conducted throughout the experiment as were leaf analyses to determine the levels of available nutrients.
A new approach to theab initio energy of the homodesmic reaction for the resonance energy of benzene

A scheme of the basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction is first proposed and introduced to determine theab initio energy of the homodesmic reaction for the resonance energy of benzene. Calculations with 6-31G*(5D) and 6-31G*(6D) basis sets at the complete fourth-order Moller-Plesset perturbation level furnish the energy value of 21.35 kcal/mol after the correction, which is in complete agreement with the experimental value of 21.3±0.2 kcal/mol. The energy values at the lower theoretical levels are generally underestimated but they are superior to the uncorrected values. The inclusion of triple excitations displays the dominant contribution of the correlation energy. Detailed analysis of the results reveals some of the similarities between the homodesmic reaction of benzene and the interaction of van der Waals molecule, which provides further justification of the BSSE correction scheme presented in this study.
Adsorption of potassium on the ideal Si(111) surface.

We present the results of self-consistent pseudopotential total-energy and charge-density calculations for the potassium-covered ideal Si(111) surface. It is found that K adsorbed on the \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded Si(111)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface is less stable by \ensuremath{\sim}0.3 eV as compared to adsorption on the ideal surface, suggesting that the \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded surface is metastable upon K adsorption. The overlayer binding energy is estimated to be \ensuremath{\sim}3.4 eV. However, at monolayer coverage of the metal, the bonding is found to be ionic on both the ideal and \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded reconstructed surfaces. No evidence for the overlayer metallization is detected at such coverages, presumably due to the presence of active dangling bonds and strong ionic bonding.
Adolescents' relationships with their mothers and fathers: associations with depressive disorder and subdiagnostic symptomatology.

This study compared family relationships across three groups of adolescents: a) those with unipolar depressive disorders (n = 82); b) those with subdiagnostic depressive symptoms (n = 78); and c) those without emotional or behavioral difficulties (n = 83). Results based on multi-source, multi-method constructs indicated that depressed adolescents, as well as those with subdiagnostic symptomatology, experience less supportive and more conflictual relationships with each of their parents than do healthy adolescents. These findings are notable in demonstrating that adverse father-adolescent relationships are associated with depressive symptomatology in much the same way as mother-adolescent relationships. As well, they add to the emerging evidence that adolescents with subdiagnostic symptoms experience difficulties in social relationships similar to those experienced by adolescents with depressive disorder.
Modified anti-windup scheme for PID controllers

An anti-windup scheme for proportional-integral-derivative controllers is presented. The approach is based on the combined use of back-calculation and conditional integration anti-windup techniques. In this way, the disadvantages that can hinder previously proposed strategies are overcome. Specifically, the method can guarantee a satisfactory performance for processes with different normalised dead times, without the tuning of additional parameters being required. Therefore, considering its simplicity, it is highly suitable for implementation in industrial regulators.
USE OF THE WILCOXON STATISTIC FOR A GENERALIZED BEHRENS-FISHER PROBLEM1

0. Summary. Heretofore, the ordinary Wilcoxon statistic for the two-sample problem [9], [5] has been used only to test the null hypothesis that the two parent populations are identical. This paper presents a technique for utilizing the Wilcoxon statistic to test a broader type of null hypothesis, like that encountered in the Behrens-Fisher problem: we show that the usual Wilcoxon test, with (m + n + 1)/12mn replaced by 1/[4 min(m, n)], may be used to test the null hypothesis of the equality of the medians of two symmetrical (continuous) distributions which are of the same form but which have different (unknown) scale parameters; more generally, the test still works for testing the equality of the medians of any two symmetrical distributions. 1. Introduction and statement of results. We have a sample X m Xi's and a sample of n Yj's from parent populations with c.d.f.'s G(x) anld H(y) respectively. It is known that
An O(n log n) average time algorithm for computing the shortest network under a given topology

In 1992 F. K. Hwang and J. F. Weng published an O(n2) time algorithm for computing the shortest network under a given full Steiner topology interconnecting n fixed points in the Euclidean plane. The Hwang—Weng algorithm can be used to improve substantially existing algorithms for the Steiner minimum tree problem because it reduces the number of different Steiner topologies to be considered dramatically. In this paper we present an improved Hwang—Weng algorithm. While the worst-case time complexity of our algorithm is still O(n2) , its average time complexity over all the full Steiner topologies interconnecting n fixed points is O (n log n ).
Nongenomic, ER-Mediated Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase: How Does It Work? What Does It Mean?

The administration of estrogens in animals tends to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. [Therefore], attempts are being made in human males to prevent further progress of the disease in cases of angina or previous coronary thrombosis by long-range estrogen therapy. This work is in its infancy. It is hoped that, with further research, compounds might be found that eliminate the undesirable action of such hormones and yet retain its beneficial effects on arteries (Samuel A. Levine, 1958).
Wavelength-dependent metal-enhanced fluorescence using synchronous spectral analysis

Abstract The fluorescence spectrum of Au-clusters (8- and 25-atom), which covers the spectral range 350–900 nm, is dramatically enhanced in the presence of plasmon supporting plate-well deposited nanoparticles. The wavelength-dependent metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF spectrum) correlates well with the plasmon specific scattering spectrum, i.e. the synchronous scatter spectrum of the silver surface of plate wells. Our findings suggest that the synchronous scatter spectra of plasmon enhancing substrates is a good indicator of both the magnitude and the wavelength-dependence of MEF.
Ozonolysis of polycylic aromatics. V. Naphthacene and 5,12-naphthacenequinone.

Abstract Ozonization of naphthacene ( I ) with one molar equivalent of ozone gave 5,12-naphthacenequinone ( II ). Further, I and II absorb, respectively, three and two molar equivalents of ozone to yield, presumably via Criegee's zwitterion ( III ), an unstable, probably monomeric ozonide ( IV ) in inert solvent methylene chloride, and a dimethoxy peracetal ( V ) in methanol. IV and V have been oxidized to 2,3-anthraquinonedicarboxylic acid ( VI ). VI was characterized by esterification to 2,3-dicarbomethoxyanthraquinone ( VII ), dehydration to 2,3-anthraquinonedicarboxylic anhydride ( VIII ), reduction to 2,3-anthracenedicarboxylic acid ( IX ) and its anhydride ( X ), and decarboxylation to anthraquinone ( XI ). These ozonolysis results are rationalized in terms of the initial addition of ozone to the conjugate 5,12-positions of I to give II via transition state Ia , followed by the addition of ozone to the 1,2- and 3,4-bonds of II via transition state IIa ∗ to give the observed ozonolysis products.
Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

SUMMARY The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring bottoming.
NONLINEAR COSMIC-RAY DIFFUSIVE TRANSPORT IN COMBINED TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND SLAB MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE: A BGK-BOLTZMANN APPROACH

Particle simulations revealed that standard quasi-linear theory cannot adequately describe the parallel and perpendicular diffusion of cosmic rays in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic solar wind turbulence, when the turbulence is modeled approximately as a combination of a dominant two-dimensional component and a minor slab component. Recent nonlinear theories based on a Taylor-Green-Kubo formalism, such as the nonlinear guiding center (NLGC) theory, and the weakly nonlinear theory (WNLT) proved to be much more successful. Instead, we follow a BGK-Boltzmann approach to investigate this matter. Going beyond current NLGC theory and WNLT in scope, we derived a complete cosmic-ray transport theory that includes expressions not only for parallel and perpendicular diffusion, but also for drift, convection, adiabatic energy change, and momentum diffusion. The BGK-Boltzmann approach enables one to derive tractable yet complicated expressions for the transport coefficients in both the weak and strong particle scattering limits. We show that the WNLT expressions can be recovered by combining these two limits in such a way that there is weak particle scattering along the magnetic field but strong scattering across the field. It is shown that the complex WNLT expressions can be reduced to simple analytical expressions for parallel and perpendicular diffusion that reproduce approximately the rigidity dependence of particle simulations at low to medium rigidities. These expressions also prove to be consistent with well-known expressions for perpendicular diffusion in the literature. It is discussed how large-scale gradient and curvature drifts get modified by turbulence and how stochastic particle acceleration changes when two-dimensional turbulence is dominant.
Effect of novel rinsing material and surfactant treatment on the resist pattern performance

Surfactant treatments, with SCR101 and EX01, were applied to both line-space and hole patterns in this report. 10% Reduction of line-width roughness and the raise of normalized aspect ratio were observed in line-space patterns after surfactant treatments, compared with those only treated with DI water. From top-view and cross-section images of hole patterns, it was found that bottom scum was eliminated and the contact-edge roughness (CER) was also improved after surfactant treatments. Although 1 to 5% shrinkage of patterns appeared, the depth of focus (DOF) of hole patterns was still increased due to removal of bottom scum. By applying the surfactant treatment, we were able to improve not only line width roughness and collapse margin of line-space patterns, but also CER and DOF of hole patterns.
Multichromophoric Förster Resonance Energy Transfer from B800 to B850 in the Light Harvesting Complex 2: Evidence for Subtle Energetic Optimization by Purple Bacteria†

This work provides a detailed account of the application of our multichromophoric Forster resonance energy transfer (MC-FRET) theory (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 218301) for the calculation of the energy transfer rate from the B800 unit to the B850 unit in the light harvesting complex 2 (LH2) of purple bacteria. The model Hamiltonian consists of the B800 unit represented by a single bacteriochlorophyll (BChl), the B850 unit represented by its entire set of BChls, the electronic coupling between the two units, and the bath terms representing all environmental degrees of freedom. The model parameters are determined, independent of the rate calculation, from the literature data and by a fitting to an ensemble line shape. Comparing our theoretical rate and a low-temperature experimental rate, we estimate the magnitude of the BChl−Qy transition dipole to be in the range of 6.5−7.5 D, assuming that the optical dielectric constant of the medium is in the range of 1.5−2. We examine how the bias of the average exci...
MRI Upsampling Using Feature-Based Nonlocal Means Approach

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spatial resolution is limited by several factors such as acquisition time, short physiological phenomena, and organ motion. The acquired image usually has higher resolution in two dimensions (the acquisition plane) in comparison with the third dimension, resulting in highly anisotropic voxel size. Interpolation of these low resolution (LR) images using standard techniques, such as linear or spline interpolation, results in distorted edges in the planes perpendicular to the acquisition plane. This poses limitation on conducting quantitative analyses of LR images, particularly on their voxel-wise analysis and registration. We have proposed a new non-local means feature-based technique that uses structural information of a high resolution (HR) image with a different contrast and interpolates the LR image. In this approach, the similarity between voxels is estimated using a feature vector that characterizes the laminar pattern of the brain structures, resulting in a more accurate similarity measure in comparison with conventional patch-based approach. This technique can be applied to LR images with both anisotropic and isotropic voxel sizes. Experimental results conducted on brain MRI scans of patients with brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, as well as schizophrenic patients and normal controls show that the proposed method is more accurate, requires fewer computations, and thus is significantly faster than a previous state-of-the-art patch-based technique. We also show how the proposed method may be used to upsample regions of interest drawn on LR images.
Mahonian statistics on labeled forests

Abstract We construct a bijection on labeled forests which is used to prove that the enumerator for the inversion index on labeled forests is identical to the enumerator for the major index on labeled forests. A generalized version of our bijection produces some additional results dealing with more general statistics on labeled forests.
Density-functional expansion methods: Grand challenges.

We discuss the source of errors in semiempirical density-functional expansion (VE) methods. In particular, we show that VE methods are capable of well reproducing their standard Kohn-Sham density-functional method counterparts, but suffer from large errors upon using one or more of these approximations: the limited size of the atomic orbital basis, the Slater monopole auxiliary basis description of the response density, and the one- and two-body treatment of the core-Hamiltonian matrix elements. In the process of discussing these approximations and highlighting their symptoms, we introduce a new model that supplements the second-order density-functional tight-binding model with a self-consistent charge-dependent chemical potential equalization correction; we review our recently reported method for generalizing the auxiliary basis description of the atomic orbital response density; and we decompose the first-order potential into a summation of additive atomic components and many-body corrections, and from this examination, we provide new insights and preliminary results that motivate and inspire new approximate treatments of the core-Hamiltonian.
Factors influencing the interaction of steroids with calf thymus histones

Abstract The effects of various experimental conditions on the interactions of corticosteroids with arginine-rich histones obtained from calf thymus have been studied by measuring steroid-histone binding after gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. An increase in the interaction was observed with increasing concentrations of the corticosteroids, with the time of storage, and with elevation of the temperature of the steroid solutions. The binding was greatest when the corticosteroids were dissolved in phosphate buffer at 37 °, the mixture of steroid and histone solutions was incubated at 37 °, and the gel filtration was performed in the cold (0–5 °). Under these conditions the greatest binding occured with tetrahydrocortisone, cortisone, tetrahydrocortisol, and cortisol.
Theoretical analysis of the general linear model for lanchester ‐ type combat between two homogeneous forces

This paper studies Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces modeled by the so-called general linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals. It demonstrates that this model can be transformed into a simpler canonical form, which is also shown to arise from fixed-force-level-breakpoint battles modeled by Lanchester-type equations for modern warfare. Analytical expressions for the force levels for the general variable coefficient linear model with continuous replacements/withdrawals are constructed out of so-called general Lanchester functions for the model without replacements/withdrawals, for which all solutions are shown to be nonoscillatory in the strict sense. These force-level results are unfortunately so complicated and opaque that the constant-coefficient version of the model must be studied before any insights into the dynamics of combat may be analytically obtained. Thus, fairly complete results are given for the general linear model with constant attrition-rate coefficients and constant rates of replacement/withdrawal. However, the expressions for the force levels are still so complicated that we have not been able to develop battle-outcome prediction conditions directly from them alone but have had to establish general results on the qualitative behavior of solutions. A significant result (and one that greatly complicates the prediction of battle outcome) is that all solutions to the model with replacements/withdrawals are no longer necessarily nonoscillatory in the strict sense, i.e., both sides force levels can take on negative values if the force-on-force attrition equations are not “turned off” at the right time. Thus, this paper shows that the addition of continuous replacements/withdrawals to a Lanchester-type model may significantly change the qualitative behavior of the force-level trajectories. Battle-outcome prediction conditions are nevertheless given, and important insights into the dynamics of combat are briefly indicated.
On Jónsson algebras over a commutative ring

A commutative unitary ring T is said to be a J-algebra over its subring R (or a J-extension of R ) if T is not finitely generated over R , but each proper intermediate ring is finitely generated over R . In this paper we seek to determine the structure of a given J-algebra T/R and to determine the class of rings that admit a J-extension. If T/R is a J-algebra, we show that T is algebraic over R , that dim T ≤ dim R , and that T/R is an integral extension if R satisfies d.c.c. on prime ideals. If R is Noetherian, then R admits a J-extension if and only if either dim R >0, or else dim R = 0 and R/M admits a J-extension for some maximal ideal M of R . The problem of determining all J-extensions of a given field is resolved in Section 3 of this paper.
The Electrocardiographic Pattern of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Mitral Valve Disease

The electrocardiograms in 32 patients with mitral valve disease have been compared with the pulmonary resistances, the pulmonary artery pressures, and the size of the mitral valve orifice. In patients with pure stenosis if the electrocardiogram showed the pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy the total pulmonary resistance was usually 1000 dynes seconds cm.–5 or greater. If mitral insufficiency and/or aortic valve lesions were present in addition to mitral stenosis the total pulmonary resistance often exceeded 1000 dynes seconds cm.–5 without right ventricular hypertrophy being evident in the electrocardiogram.
Transcription factors C/EBP‐β and ‐δ regulate IL‐6 production in IL‐1β‐stimulated human enterocytes

In recent studies, treatment with IL-1beta of cultured Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, resulted in transcriptional upregulation of IL-6 production. The role of C/EBP-beta and -delta in enterocyte IL-6 production is not known. Stimulation with IL-1beta of Caco-2 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid containing a wild-type IL-6 promoter resulted in an approximately 3.5-fold increase in luciferase activity. This effect of IL-1beta was reduced by approximately 30% when the C/EBP binding site in the IL-6 promoter was mutated, supporting a role of C/EBP in the regulation of IL-6 production. When Caco-2 cells were treated with IL-1beta in the presence of the MAPK inhibitor, PD-98059, IL-6 mRNA and protein levels were reduced by the same concentrations of PD-98059 that inhibited C/EBP DNA binding activity in previous studies. Finally, overexpression of C/EBP-beta and -delta in IL-1beta-treated Caco-2 cells resulted in a 10-12-fold increase in IL-6 production. The results suggest that the beta and delta isoforms of the C/EBP family of transcription factors at least in part regulate IL-6 production in human intestinal epithelial cells.
Breast biopsy techniques.

L'auteur decrit les differentes techniques permettant d'obtenir du tissu tumoral en vue du diagnostic anatomopathologique: aspiration a l'aiguille, ponction biopsique, biopsie chirurgicale apres incision, biopsie apres reperage de la lesion par mise en place d'un catheter au cours de la mammographie, exerese chirurgicale de la tumeur le dernier paragraphe est consacre un cas particulier de la biopsie du mamelon
Measuring E and B fields in laser-produced plasmas with monoenergetic proton radiography.

Electromagnetic ($E/B$) fields generated by the interaction with plasmas of long-pulse, low-intensity laser beams relevant to inertial confinement fusion have been measured for the first time using novel monoenergetic proton radiography methods. High-resolution, time-gated radiography images of a plastic foil driven by a ${10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ laser implied $B$ fields of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MG}$ and $E$ fields of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{m}$. Simulations of these experiments with $\mathrm{LASNEX}+\mathrm{LSP}$ have been performed and are in overall (though not exact) agreement with the data both for field strengths and for spatial distributions; this is the first direct experimental test of the laser-generated $B$-field package in LASNEX. The experiments also demonstrated that laser phase plates substantially reduce medium-scale chaotic field structure.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnimate disrupts changes in the actin cytoskeleton required for neurite formation.

In the current studies, we investigated the relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation and neurite formation. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnimate blocked neurite formation on laminin. This corresponded with inhibition of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase tyrosine phosphorylation as well as a disruption of actin filament organization and actin polymerization. This suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation helps direct changes in the actin cytoskeleton required for neurite formation.
The shallow-water macrobenthos of a northern New England estuary

In November 1973 the benthic macrofauna of two shallow-water areas in the lower Sheepscot River estuary (New England, USA) was quantitatively sampled. Numerical classification of the data, in both the normal and inverse modes, produced 4 site-groups and 7 species-groups. Each site-group was characterized by at least one of the species-groups. The fauna of the site-groups differed in several community parameters, particularly the patterns of dominance, but it was not possible to correlate these differences with any of the several extrinsic factors measured. A factor, or factors, related to water-column stability is the probable overriding ecological determinant of the observed community patterns. Comparisons with an earlier investigation in 1955 demonstrate dramatic changes in density, dominance and species composition.
The effect of eye position on the view of virtual geometry

In this document we discuss a study that investigates the effect of eye position on the apparent location of imagery presented in an off-the-shelf head worn display. We test a range of reasonable eye positions that may result from person-to-person variations in display placement and interpupillary distances. It was observed that the pattern of geometric distortions introduced by the display's optical system changes substantially as the eye moves from one position to the next. These visual displacements can be on the order of several degrees and increase in magnitude towards the peripheral edges of the field of view. Though many systems calibrate for interpupillary distance and optical distortions separately, this may be insufficient as eye position influences distortion characteristics.
Convergent Validity of Three Communication Data Collection Techniques: An Analysis of Black American English Grammatical Usage.

Subjects' use of Black American English (BAE) was assessed via three different data collection techniques: actual conversation, conversation simulations, and a self‐report questionnaire. A proportion of BAE usage of four grammatical forms for each of three data sources was determined for each subject. A repeated measures analysis of variance indicates significant differences in BAE usage according to type of data collection technique. Implications for communication research in general are discussed.
SYNTHESIS, STUDY, AND APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES

A brief review of our work on orthogonally-positioned NHC metallopolymers is highlighted herein. Some pertinent literature is presented, followed by the synthetic strategy employed as well as comprehensive electrochemical analyses. Derivatization of a suitable diimine into a electropolymerizable gold (I) NHC complex resulted in the first orthogonally-positioned NHC metallopolymer. Extension of this methodology to prepare analogous group 11, iridium and sulfur-substituted metallopolymers generated thin films with electrochromic activity that could be tuned by proper selection of the metal center.
Neoliberalism and the new international financial architecture

ABSTRACT This paper theorizes about the new international financial architecture as a manifestation of the ‘second face of neoliberalism’ – financial market reregulation through technocratic obfuscation and insularity from democratic political pressure. Using a more expansive definition of the new international financial architecture, one that includes the institutional nexus of international monetary management along with the rules and regulatory bodies governing capital, this argument is developed through an analysis of the origins and functions of two institutions comprising the new international financial architecture – the Basel Capital Accord and the diffusion of inflation targeting regimes across central banks. This paper excavates the neoliberal logic inscribed in these institutions and further shows how these new forms of institutional logic contributed to the financial crisis of 2008 by putting in place a set of opportunities and constraints that led to rapid growth in the market for asset-backe...