cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient workforce scheduling for a serial processing environment: a case study at Minneapolis Star Tribune

Abstract This paper reports work done at Star Tribune, a leading metropolitan daily newspaper in Minnesota to improve integration among pressroom, mailroom and distribution operations. This work is subsequent to that already reported in IIE Transactions, which was focused on improving press operations only during the live-runs. An improved size-forecasting model is offered which allows preparation of more precise work-force schedules sufficiently in advance. Several system variabilities have been reduced by identifying homogeneous subclasses, and designing tailored operations for each subclass individually, and eliminating over-design to absorb between-class variabilities. Installation of flow sensors on presses has eliminated unnecessary over-production, and also allowed a better co-ordination between the press and the distribution operations. Installation of status sensors in equipment has allowed for collection of more reliable statistics on equipment utilizations, downtimes and so forth. They also have improved many aspects of capacity and operational planning.
Commotio cordis: ventricular fibrillation triggered by chest impact-induced abnormalities in repolarization.

Commotio cordis is a phenomenon in which a sudden blunt impact to the chest causes sudden death in the absence of cardiac damage. This condition was first described in the middle of the 18th century in the context of chest trauma among workers.1 Through most of the 20th century, it was only sporadically reported. In the last 2 or 3 decades, commotio cordis events have primarily occurred in sports, and thus, this phenomenon has become more well known to the sports communities and physicians.2–4 Commotio cordis is to be differentiated from cardiac contusion (contusio cordis), a situation in which blunt chest trauma causes structural cardiac damage, such as observed in motor vehicular accidents. ### Epidemiology Approximately 10 to 20 cases are added to the Commotio Cordis Registry yearly.3,4 Until the late 1990s, commotio cordis was only rarely reported. It is thought that this increase in the number of cases is not due to an increase in incidence but rather to a greater awareness based on the 1995 New England Journal of Medicine report on commotio cordis.2 Many more cases of commotio cordis are now recognized as such. Indeed, what was thought to be a uniquely North American phenomenon is increasingly being reported in countries outside the United States.5 Commotio cordis primarily affects young individuals, generally in adolescence. In the Registry, the mean age is 15 years4; there have been very few commotio cordis victims over the age of 20 years. It traditionally has been thought that the stiffening of the chest wall contributes to this decrease in incidence in older individuals; however, this decreased incidence in those over 20 years of age is likely also influenced by the reduced ball-related sports participation by older individuals. Victims are overwhelmingly male. A partial …
Line Assisted Light Field Triangulation and Stereo Matching

Light fields are image-based representations that use densely sampled rays as a scene description. In this paper, we explore geometric structures of 3D lines in ray space for improving light field triangulation and stereo matching. The triangulation problem aims to fill in the ray space with continuous and non-overlapping simplices anchored at sampled points (rays). Such a triangulation provides a piecewise-linear interpolant useful for light field super-resolution. We show that the light field space is largely bilinear due to 3D line segments in the scene, and direct triangulation of these bilinear subspaces leads to large errors. We instead present a simple but effective algorithm to first map bilinear subspaces to line constraints and then apply Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (CDT). Based on our analysis, we further develop a novel line-assisted graph-cut (LAGC) algorithm that effectively encodes 3D line constraints into light field stereo matching. Experiments on synthetic and real data show that both our triangulation and LAGC algorithms outperform state-of-the-art solutions in accuracy and visual quality.
9 Meanings and Functions of Enclosed Places in the European Neolithic: A Contextual Approach to Cult, Ritual, and Religion

This chapter reevaluates theories and methodologies applied to the archaeology of religion stressing the symbolic meaningfulness of material culture, place, and landscape. In a case study—the Neolithic circular enclosure of Goseck in Germany—a contextual approach is used to highlight that ritual practices function both at a community and at an individual level, and as social and communicative acts. The chapter also demonstrates that ritual practice ought to be contextualized with the material culture and the place associated with it in order to better understand and theorize its complex meaning in prehistoric religious life.
Only Religions Count in Vietnam': Thich Tri Quang and the Vietnam War

Thich Tri Quang has long been one of the most controversial actors in the history of the Vietnam War. Scholars on the right have argued that Tri Quang was in all likelihood a communist agent operating at the behest of Hanoi. Scholars on the left have argued that Tri Quang was a peaceful religious leader devoted to democracy and a rapid end to the war. This article argues that neither of these interpretations is persuasive. As American officials rightly concluded throughout the war, there was no compelling evidence to suggest that Tri Quang was a communist agent or in any way sympathetic to the goals of Hanoi or the NLF. Drawing on the extensive archival evidence of Tri Quang's conversations with American officials, it is apparent that Tri Quang was in fact strongly anti-communist and quite receptive to the use of American military power against North Vietnam and China. The main factor that led to conflict between the Buddhist movement and the Johnson administration was Tri Quang's insistence that the military regimes that followed Ngo Dinh Diem were hostile to Buddhism and incapable of leading the struggle against Communism to a successful conclusion.
Role of a conserved tripeptide in the endodomain of Sindbis virus glycoprotein E2 in virus assembly and function.

Envelopment of Sindbis virus (SV) at the plasma membrane begins with the interaction of the E2 glycoprotein endodomain with a hydrophobic cleft in the surface of the pre-assembled nucleocapsid. The driving force for this budding event is thought to reside in this virus type-specific association at the surface of the cell. The specific amino acids involved in this interaction have not been identified; however, it has been proposed that a conserved motif (TPY) at aa 398–400 in the E2 tail plays a critical role in this interaction. This interaction has been examined with virus containing mutations at two positions in this conserved domain, T398A and Y400N. The viruses produced have very low infectivity (as determined by particle : p.f.u. ratios); however, there appears to be no defect in assembly, as the virus has wild-type density and electron microscopy shows assembled particles with no obvious aberrant structural changes. The loss of infectivity in the double mutant is accompanied by the loss of the ability to fuse cells after brief exposure to acid pH. These data support the idea that these residues are vital for production of infectious/functional virus; however, they are dispensable for assembly. These results, combined with other published observations, expand our understanding of the interaction of the E2 endodomain with the capsid protein.
Fluorouracil-induced neurotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of acute neurologic adverse effects related to fluorouracil administration and to review the neurotoxicity of this agent.CASE SUMMARY:A 73-year-old white man with a history of esophageal carcinoma was treated with fluorouracil 1500 mg iv daily for four days. After completing treatment, he presented with sudden onset of confusion, cognitive disturbances, a cerebellar syndrome, and repeated seizures. A magnetic resonance image of the brain showed no structural abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal; none of the other laboratory tests provided an explanation for his symptoms. The patient was treated with anticonvulsants, and the cognitive changes resolved in 72 hours. The cerebellar signs, however, did not resolve completely and persisted when the patient was examined two weeks after discharge.DISCUSSION:Fluorouracil can cause both acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Acute neurotoxicity manifests as encephalopathy or as cerebellar syndrome; seizures, as seen in ...
Real-Time optical Characterization and Control of Heteroepitaxial GaxIn1−xP Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance

The characterization and control of thin film growth processes requires improved methods of characterization and understanding of decomposition pathways and surface reaction kinetics under steady-state epitaxial growth involving organometallic precursors. In this contribution we present the application of p-polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS) for real-time monitoring and control of pulsed chemical beam epitaxy (PCBE) during low temperature growth of epitaxial Ga1−xInxP heterostructures on Si(001) substrates by PCBE, where the growth surface is sequentially exposed to organometallic precursors. During the pulsed precursor supply the surface reaction kinetics can be followed by analyzing a periodically in composition and thickness modulated surface reaction layer (SRL), which is captured in the PR-signals as a fine structure that is superimposed to the interference fringes caused due to the underlying growing film. The optical response is linked to the growth process via a reduced order surface kinetics (ROSK) model and integrated as a control signal in the implementation of filter and control algorithms for closed-loop controlled growth of epitaxial Ga1−xInxP heterostructures on Si(001) substrates. The control concept has been applied for thickness and compositional graded multi-heterostructure GaxIn1−xP epilayers and validated by ex-situ post-growth analysis, showing superior tracking of composition and thickness targets under closed loop controlled conditions compared to films grown using pre-designed source injection profiles (open-loop conditions).
Expert Hierarchical Adaptive Control

The goal of this work is to develop an expert, hierarchical control scheme that adapts its structure in accordance with its knowledge about the plant. When the process is poorly defined, a coarse control action is provided by a rule-based controller. The next stage of the controller is a multiple model adaptive control procedure that is chosen if the system identifies an approximate model of the process. The most precise control is determined by a model reference adaptive controller that is used if the sufficiency conditions ensuring its stability are satisfied. The heuristics used to determine switching between different controllers are orchestrated by an expert system that bases its decisions on plant state and controller parameter values. The controller structure is presented through an example of a regulator in a drug delivery system. Details regarding the sufficiency conditions for the advancement of the controller through the different stages are given.
The Good Society: Core Social Values, Social Norms, and Public Policy

This essay is an attempt to transcend the contentious political environment by offering a conceptual framework for discussing the outlines of a “good society” and its constituent elements. We offer an argument that is grounded in social theory that identifies a way to develop public policies to remedy long-standing economic and social problems in American society. The development of public policies that can unify individuals and groups to provide their support depends upon the existence of core social values and shared social norms to realize those values. We proceed by first identifying a set of core social values that we believe most Americans would endorse, and then present a set of guides for behavior that would advance those values. Finally, we propose a series of public policies that are consistent with the core values and social norms and that would help to create what we have called the “good society.” Our assumption is that when a citizenry endorses a set of core values and acts in a fashion that supports those values, the usually divided political factions will be compelled to respond with real solutions.
Active Control of Turbomachine Discrete Frequency Noise Utilizing Oscillating Flaps and Pistons

Turbomachine discrete frequency tones are a signi® cant environmental concern. These tones are generated by periodic blade row interactions, with only speci® c circumferential acoustic modes generated. This research is directed at active control of discrete frequency noise generated by subsonic blade rows through cancellation of the propagating acoustic waves, accomplished by utilizing airfoil surface mounted oscillating actuators to generate additional control propagating pressure waves. These control waves interact with the propagating acoustic waves, thereby canceling the acoustic waves and thus the far-® eld discrete frequency tones. A series of experiments are described, directed at investigating the fundamentals of this active discrete frequency noise control technique as well as verifying basic modeling assumptions. Both an isolated vane and a three-vane row are utilized, with the
Trade liberalization and industry wage structure : evidence from Brazil

Industry affiliation provides an important channel through which trade liberalization can affect worker earnings and wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. This empirical study of the impact of the 1988-94 trade liberalization in Brazil on the industry wage structure suggests that although industry affiliation is an important component of worker earnings, the structure of industry wage premiums is relatively stable over time. There is no statistical association between changes in industry wage premiums and changes in trade policy or between industry-specific skill premiums to university graduates and trade policy. Thus trade liberalization in Brazil did not significantly contribute to increased wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers through changes in industry wage premiums. The difference between these results and those obtained for other countries (such as Colombia and Mexico) provides fruitful ground for studying the conditions under which trade reforms do not have an adverse effect on industry wage differentials
Relevante Arbeiten benachbarter Disziplinen

In diesem Kapitel stellen wir Konzepte und Ansatze vor, die als Ergebnis bisheriger Forschungs- arbeiten entstanden und fur die vorliegende Arbeit von Interesse sind. Die Auswahl der Arbeiten verdeutlicht die Breite und Interdisziplinaritat der Aufgabenstellung, erhebt aber keinen Anspruch auf Vollstandigkeit.
Viscoelastic Response of Imperfect Surface Slab

The problem of an infinite slope with a shear-free slope parallel imperfection zone is considered and analyzed to evaluate the stress and strain concentrations produced by this type of basal imperfection. By modeling the slope material as a compressible linear viscoelastic material, analytical solutions for steady-state stresses, strain rates, and strain energy loci are calculated and analyzed to study flow and failure patterns that the slope may acquire. The basal imperfection models a sloping snowpack with a weak basal layer that does not transmit shear stress to a portion of the foundation. Results obtained for this problem indicate that a frontal tensile zone exists for the self-propagation of the imperfection, and that nominal slope-parallel strain rates at the surface of the slope are not necessarily indicative of approaching slope instability. Loci of maximum volumetric and deviatoric strain energies are also calculated in order to identify failure surfaces for material fracture.
Effect of natural convection on interface morphology,fluid field and temperature field

In order to determine the relationship of the solid-liquid interface morphology as well as both fluid field and temperature field near the interface to the natural convection intensity,an experimental device was designed.Through both physical simulation and numerical simulation,the effect of the natural convection intensity on the interface morphology as well as the distribution of velocity and temperature near the interface in organic transparent material was investigated.The experimental results show that the natural convection leads to the bending of solid-liquid interface and the interface morphology is asymmetric.The melt near the interface flows in the manner of boundary layer.The melt temperature decreases linearly when the Rayleigh number is smaller.At the larger Rayleigh number,the melt temperature far from the interface is nearly uniform and the melt temperature at the interface decreases rapidly.It is obvious that the natural convection intensity is an important factor affecting the solid-liquid interface morphology as well as the distribution of both melt velocity and temperature near the interface.
New Techniques for Improving Water Injection-liquid Producing Structure at Extra High Water-cut Stage in Shuanghe Oilfield and Application Effect

In consideration of the characteristics of thick reservoir structure and current situation of water injection and liquid producing structure at extra high water-cut stage, the techniques of mechanic location, water injection of high pressure stratification, layering injection in deviated wells, subdivision acidizing in injection wells, temporary blocking and acidizing in injection wells, deep a-cidizing of slow generating acid are developed, a technical process series is created for improving liquid producing structure. The minimum setting distance is 0. 69,minimum straining distance is 1. 8m for the packer;3-5 layer water injection is implemented by using deviated well stratification injection with maximum well deviation of 34° in straining section, the technique of subdivision acidizing has the characteristics of acidizing 3 sections respectively while positioning, packer inspecting and without moving casing string, the success ratio of each technique introduction is 94%-100%, the effective success ratio is 88%-97%. Field test is conducted for matched techniques, the oil recovery is raised 2. 95 percent in the test area, the recovery percent is raised 14. 48×104t. After field introduction, the structure of injection and liquid producing is greatly improved, success ratio of water injection is raised 15. 6% in Shuanghe Oilfield.
Etiology of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Experimental work is discussed which proves that either one of at least two clostridial species can produce pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis after relatively atraumatic contamination of the peritoneal cavity of germfree animals.
Endoscopic Endonasal Optic Nerve Decompression for Fibrous Dysplasia.

Objective To evaluate visual outcomes and potential complications for optic nerve decompression using an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for fibrous dysplasia. Design Retrospective chart review of patients with fibrous dysplasia causing extrinsic compression of the canalicular segment of the optic nerve that underwent an endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2010 to 2013. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure assessed was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with secondary outcomes, including visual field testing, color vision, and complications associated with the intervention. Results A total of four patients and five optic nerves were decompressed via an EEA. All patients were symptomatic preoperatively and had objective findings compatible with compressive optic neuropathy: decreased visual acuity was noted preoperatively in three patients while the remaining patient demonstrated an afferent pupillary defect. BCVA improved in all patients postoperatively. No major complications were identified. Conclusion EEA for optic nerve decompression appears to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with compressive optic neuropathy secondary to fibrous dysplasia. Further studies are required to identify selection criteria for an open versus an endoscopic approach.
Intravenous Injection of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Plasmid/Liposome Complexes (MnSOD-PL) Protects the Bone Marrow from Irradiation Damage.

Radioprotection of tissues including lung, esophagus, oral cavity and bladder has been demonstrated by local administration of MnSOD-PL. One potential use of the MnSOD-PL is protection of bone marrow as well as other tissues against total body irradiation (TBI) perhaps applicable for first responders who enter areas of high irradiation. To determine if systemically delivered MnSOD-PL protects bone marrow from TBI, groups of C57BL/6NHsd mice were injected intravenously with MnSOD-PL (100 μg of plasmid DNA in 100 ul volume) and irradiated 24 hrs later to 9, 9.5 or 9.75 Gy whole body irradiation. The mice were followed for bone marrow failure. Mice injected with MnSOD-PL showed improved survival at all irradiation doses. After 9 Gy TBI, 93% of the mice injected with MnSOD-PL survived past day 30 compared to 80% of control irradiated mice. At 9.5 Gy, 87% of the MnSOD-PL treated survived past day 30 compared to 53% of control irradiated mice (p = 0.0402). Following 9.75 Gy, the control irradiated mice had a median survival of 16 days with 12.5% survival at 30 days compared to 75% of the MnSOD-PL treated mice (p = 0.0016). To determine the efficiency of marrow transfection mice were injected with a plasmid containing the HA (hemagglutinin) epitoped tagged MnSOD transgene. The marrow was harvested 24 hr later, cytospun, and immunohistochemically stained for HA. The bone marrow demonstrated that 22.1 ± 3.7% of the bone marrow cells expressed HA-MnSOD protein. The results demonstrate that systemically delivered MnSOD-PL protects against TBI induced murine bone marrow damage and improves survival.
Advances in underwater fluorometry: from bulk fluorescence to planar laser imaging

Abstract: Underwater measurements of photosynthetic pigment fluorescence have long been used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass. While many useful results have been achieved, the usual measurements made on bulk samples restrict the inferences that can be drawn from the sample. Most importantly, there is no spatial resolution of the single measurement. As an alternative, we examine the utility of underwater imaging of phytoplankton via lab experiments and the analysis of field data. A planar laser imaging fluorometry (PLIF) system, assembled from readily available optical components, was used to image individual fluorescent particles in the lab and field. In addition, an underwater microscope was deployed in the field and showed a layer of large (250–300 μm), highly absorptive particles, inferred to be diatoms. These diatoms were also measured concurrently with a standard subsea fluorometer. The two profiles show that the intensity of fluorescence bears little relationship to the community structure of the phytoplankton. Only by the use of imaging can regions of high fluorescence intensity (high phytoplankton biomass) caused by many small phytoplankton, or a few large ones, be distinguished.
Integrating Reverse-Electrodialysis Stacks with Flow Batteries for Improved Energy Recovery from Salinity Gradients and Energy Storage

Salinity gradient energy can be directly converted into electrical power by using reverse electrodialysis (RED) and other technologies, but reported power densities have been too low for practical applications. Herein, the RED stack performance was improved by using 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples. These electrolytes were then used in a flow battery to produce an integrated RED stack and flow battery (RED-FB) system capable of capturing, storing, and discharging salinity gradient energy. Energy captured from the RED stack was discharged in the flow battery at a maximum power density of 3.0 kW m-2 -anode, which was similar to the flow batteries charged by electrical power and could be used for practical applications. Salinity gradient energy captured from the RED stack was recovered from the electrolytes as electricity with 30 % efficiency, and the maximum energy density of the system was 2.4 kWh m-3 -anolyte. The combined RED-FB system overcomes many limitations of previous approaches to capture, store, and use salinity gradient energy from natural or engineered sources.
SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF STREET VENDORS

Street vendors are an integral component of the informal sector and form a social and vital part of the social and economic life of a country.Street trade creates jobs not only for millions of street vendors worldwide. They contribute significantly to the GDP of an economy,they earn their livelihood through their own meager financial resources and sweat equity. But still, street vendors have poor socio-economic conditions. In light of the above facts, the present paper focuses on analyzing the socio-economic conditions and the critical issues of street vendors. For which Anchal Gram Panchayath was selected for the study.
Neurocysticercosis as an infectious acquired epilepsy worldwide

Abstract Aside from brain injury and genetic causes, there is emerging information on brain infection and inflammation as a common cause of epilepsy. Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the most common cause of epilepsy worldwide, is caused by brain cysts from the Taenia solium tapeworm. In this article, we provide a critical analysis of current and emerging information on the relationship between NCC infection and epilepsy occurrence. We searched PubMed and other databases for reports on the prevalence of NCC and incidence of epilepsy in certain regions worldwide. NCC is caused by brain cysts from the T. solium and related tapeworms. Many people with NCC infection may develop epilepsy but the rates are highly variable. MRI imaging shows many changes including localization of cysts as well as the host response to treatment. Epilepsy, in a subset of NCC patients, appears to be due to hippocampal sclerosis. Serologic and brain imaging profiles are likely diagnostic biomarkers of NCC infection and are also used to monitor the course of treatments. Limited access to these tools is a key limitation to identify and treat NCC-related epilepsy in places with high prevalence of this parasite infestation. Overall, NCC is a common infection in many patients with epilepsy worldwide. Additional clinical and animal studies could confirm common pathology of NCC as a postinfectious epilepsy that is curable.
A Cross Cultural Survey of Social Sex Attitudes & Knowledge

(1975). A Cross Cultural Survey of Social Sex Attitudes & Knowledge. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 39-42.
Legal Literacy: A Pedagogical Approach to Law for Musicians

Professional preparation is a shared core value among college and university music programs. In the twenty-first century, recent graduates with music degrees engage in highly diverse professional careers, only some of which include traditional performance and teaching jobs. Developing effective, sustainable curricula that successfully prepare students for a rapidly evolving industry is thus an essential, yet complex, task for music pedagogues. These instructors contend with a precarious ecological balance of technical, artistic, academic, and practical objectives in programs that must simultaneously respond to shifting student needs while instilling a lifelong understanding and appreciation for music.
Developing Leadership Skills in Schools of Public Policy and Administration

Increasingly, schools of public policy and administration are acknowledging the importance of including leadership training in their curricula. This paper describes a core strategic presentation sk...
Fetuin Opsonizes Macrophage-Deactivating Cations

The macrophage is a central participant in the development of septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. In these, and other inflammatory diseases, macrophages release excessive quantities of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-l, and IL-6. Exogenous stimulating factors can cause an overexpression of macrophage-derived mediators, as for instance in Gram-negative sepsis caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this case, monocytes/macrophages respond to extremely low concentrations of LPS-LPS binding protein (LBP) complexes by interacting with CD 14 on the cell membrane, or by internalizing the LPS-LBP-CD14 complex through endosomal pathways [1]. Although CD 14 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein, it is also a soluble serum protein which can be adopted onto the cell surface to confer LPS sensitivity to unresponsive cells [1, 2, 3]. Membranebound CDI4-LPS-LBP interacts with specific receptors, recently identified as members of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, that activate intracellular signaling pathways [4]. It appears that one function of CD 14 is to opsonize the LPS-LBP complex, enabling the macrophage to efficiently recognize an invasive threat signaled by the presence of LPS.
Models of Graphical Perception

Publisher Summary Graphical perception investigates the mechanisms by which humans perceive, interpret, use, and communicate graphical information. Models of graphical perception explain how people process information from graphs and heighten their understanding of the underlying psychological processes. This knowledge facilitates the design of graphics by providing robust quantitative predictions for evaluating alternative graphic designs or for automating the design of graphics entirely. This chapter discusses models of graphical perception and the design of graphic presentations. The chapter presents an overview of the literature on graphs, tables, and important uses of graphics. The chapter also presents insights about contemporary graph usage through a history of graphics along with the summary of a large body of empirical research on the presentation of graphical information. The chapter describes the psychology of graphical perception and cognition and explains how people acquire information from graphs. Finally, the chapter briefly outlines seven models of graphical perception for evaluating graphic design or automating the design of graphics.
Crystal structure of the gold nanoparticle [N(C8H17)4][Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18].

We report the crystal structure of the thiolate gold nanoparticle [TOA+][Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18-], where TOA+ = N(C8H17)4+. The crystal structure reveals three types of gold atoms: (a) one central gold atom whose coordination number is 12 (12 bonds to gold atoms); (b) 12 gold atoms that form the vertices of an icosahedron around the central atom, whose coordination number is 6 (five bonds to gold atoms and one to a sulfur atom), and (c) 12 gold atoms that are stellated on 12 of the 20 faces of the Au13 icosahedron. The arrangement of the latter gold atoms may be influenced by aurophilic bonding. Together they form six orthogonal semirings, or staples, of −Au2(SCH2CH2Ph)3− in an octahedral arrangement around the Au13 core.
Morphological and Functional Alterations of Occludens, Adherens, and Gap Junctions in Cancer

Cell junctions are defined as structurally specialized domains that are formed at regions of contact between two cells, and to which both cells contribute an equal part. A number of different types of cell junctions, customarily subclassified on the basis of their ultrastructure, have been identified: adherens, occludens, and gap junctions (1,2). These junctions perform the following functions (1–4): (1) They provide strong intercellular adhesion and in turn are the basis for the formation of mechanically coherent tissues; (2) They mediate direct communication between cells by allowing the transfer of ions and small molecules from cell to cell without leakage into the extracellular compartment (metabolic coupling); (3) They act as intercellular conduits for electrochemical impulses (electrical coupling); and (4) They seal cells together into a coherent tissue that can act as a highly selective barrier to diffusion. In cancer, each type of intercellular junction can differ from its normal counterpart with respect to overall size, distribution at the cell surface, level of development, and numerical density (5). These differences may account for or contribute to some properties of malignant tumors, such as abnormalities in cell-to-cell adhesion, growth control, and transepithelial permeability. In this brief review, structural, biochemical, and functional features of the three major classes of cell junctions are summarized, emphasizing information that may be particularly pertinent to the cancer problem.
Biochemical responses to sediment-associated contaminants in brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the Niagara River ecosystem

Brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) were collected from three sites in the Niagara River ecosystem in June and September of 1991, and sediment samples from these sites were obtained in July 1991. The sites were located in the Buffalo River, the Niagara River adjacent to the Love Canal dump site, and in Black Creek, a Canadian tributary of the Niagara River which served as a reference site. Sediment samples from these sites contained measurable concentrations of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs). However, the Buffalo River and Love Canal samples were significantly more contaminated than those from Black Creek. Moreover, Buffalo River samples contained greater PAH concentrations than samples from the Love Canal, while the reverse was observed for CHs. Bile and liver of bullhead were used for the following analyses: fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile, a measure of exposure to PAHs, microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) and P450IA (CYP1A) contents and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities, total glutathione (TH-GSH) concentrations, concentrations of 8- oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), and concentrations of hydrophobic DNA adducts (as measured by 32P-postlabelling). Additionally, a laboratory experiment was performed to examine CYP1A-associated responses in bullhead exposed to the model inducer, β- naphthoflavone (BNF). Results from the laboratory induction study were generally consistent with those observed in the field study, but the field study results suggested induction of CYP1A in bullhead from the reference site (Black Creek). For both field collections, fish from the Buffalo River displayed the greatest concentrations of fluorescent compounds in bile and hepatic DNA adducts, whilst fish from the Love Canal site displayed the greatest microsomal CYP1A concentrations and EROD activities. TH- GSH concentrations were significantly greater in Buffalo River fish versus Black Creek only for the June sampling. No statistically significant differences in 8-oxo-dG concentrations in bullhead hepatic DNA were observed among the sites at either sampling date. The different patterns in biochemical responses observed were consistent with sediment chemistries, and these results suggest that exposure of feral teleosts to different suites of bioavailable contaminants can be associated with expression of a characteristic array of biochemical responses
From Mental Illness to Moral Injury: Psychological and Philosophical Perspectives on the Harm of Sexual Violence

Since its introduction into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the diagnostic category of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has dominated public and legal discourse about the harm of sexual violence against women. There is, however, disagreement among some clinical psychologists and philosophers over whether a PTSD diagnosis further harms the victim. Clinical psychologists claim that focusing on a PTSD diagnosis risks undermining a victim’s agency and subjectivity if therapists neglect the victim’s own voice and experiences. Philosophers who acknowledge PTSD in identifying the harm of sexual violence look to victims’ experience of PTSD symptoms rather than how it is used in clinical practice. They conclude that PTSD symptoms are compatible with agency and subjectivity insofar as they help illuminate what it is to be an agent and a subject. I argue that the latter are too optimistic and the former are too pessimistic. An examination of these conflicting views traces the disagreement to unacknowledged discipline-specific boundaries. I conclude with the very tentative suggestion that moral injury could bridge these boundaries.
Atypical Eating Disorder

Selective eating and food refusal are patterns of behavior commonly observed in toddlers and young children. By the second year of life, most children demonstrate a relatively erratic appetite characterized by frequent shifts in food preferences along with a general tendency to assert their independence. In most cases, parents are informed that this pattern is normal, and that for children ages 1 to 5 years, eating at each meal is not necessary to achieve a normal weight gain of about 5 pounds per year (Smith, 1977). However, selective eating and food refusal in an infant or a young child with a predisposition for hypoglycemia can produce devastating effects.
Automated Tissue Characterization with NMR Imaging

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is a rapidly evolving modality which has aroused great excitement in the medical community (1,2). NMR has shown excellent soft tissue contrast without the necessity of intravenous contrast agents. It also has the advantage of using no ionizing radiation.
A Self-Synchronizing Time-Division Multiple-Access Network Protocol

Effective communication links in mobile collaborative autonomous systems enable enhancements of cooperative control algorithms such as those that dictate swarm performance and objectives. As individual nodes become smaller, the need for lightweight and low power communications is essential. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a novel approach to an efficient, self-organizing, low power, robust communication protocol that supports fully autonomous nodes without the need for a network controller. A self-synchronizing time-division multiple access (SSTDMA) network protocol was developed and tested using an adaptation of IEEE 802.15.4 radios that are commercially available, lightweight, and low power with a demonstrated line of sight range of over 3 km.
Topical therapies to prevent aerosolization of respiratory viral particles during endonasal skull base surgery: A practical review

Background: The potential reservoir of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the nasopharynxand upper airway of infected or asymptomatic patients undergoing endonasal procedures amid the ongoing coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may put skull base surgeons and their teams at high risk of exposure to aerosolizedviral particles during endonasal procedures. Strategies to mitigate the risk of potential aerosol-generating procedures(AGPs) have been promoted at a feverish pace, and significant effort has been made to optimize guidelines limitingaerosolization. This review summarizes the use of topical therapies as a perioperative infection control strategy, detailingefficacy, safety, and delivery options. Methods: A PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus database review of articles was conducted querying topical therapies, includingpovidone-iodine (PVP-I), chlorhexidine, saline, surfactants, alcohols, and interferon activity against coronaviruses, andsafety for peri-operative use. Results: Few clinical studies specifically investigate the in vivo viricidal activity of topical agents against SARS-CoV-2 in theperioperative setting. Of topical agents with viricidal potential, PVP-I is supported by the most robust investigations-invitro studies have shown that PVP-I solutions as low as 0.5% can completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2 with 15 seconds ofcontact time, and solutions as low as 0.23% may neutralize SARS-CoV-2 homologues. Regarding safety, PVP-Iconcentrations of 2.5% and greater are associated with ciliotoxicity effects on human respiratory epithelial cells, but can betolerated up to 5% when administered intraorally, and up to 1% as a sinus irrigation formulation. As for other agents,preliminary studies show that chlorhexidine mouthwash may transiently decrease the SARS-CoV-2 virus load below thedetectable limit in saliva for 2 to 4 hours, but in isolation it is less effective than PVP-I in vitro studies. Furthermore,chlorhexidine and other antiseptics including ethanol have a worse safety profile than PVP-I, including increasedflammability and ototoxicity. Studies also show that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling leads to decreasedduration of illness, transmission, and viral shedding among patients with the common cold, including coronaviruses, andwas well tolerated barring some reports of nasal irritation, epistaxis, and headache. Conclusions: Several topical therapies, including PVP-I and hypertonic saline, may be at least temporarily effective atinactivating SARS-CoV-2 in the perioperative setting. However, these interventions are not without potential risks, includingciliotoxicity, which adversely impacts the mucociliary clearance of pathogens, and the efficacy of these agents is limited byavailable clinical data. However, thoughtful, evidence-based approaches should be considered as a sustainable option toreduce the risk of respiratory viral particle aerosolization in AGPs, such as endonasal skull base surgery.
Population and conservation status reassessment of Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen, an endemic ginger in East Kalimantan

The Balikpapan ginger (Etlingera balikpapanensis A.D. Poulsen) is a ginger species endemic to East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Known only from two locations near Balikpapan City, the species is threatened by forest encroachment and forest fires. To provide the most current distribution and population size as well as to reassess its extinction risk based on IUCN Red List Category and Criteria of the species, we therefore carried out a population survey in the intact forest of Balikpapan Botanical Garden and the adjacent areas of Sungai Wain Protected Forest. Using focused or intuitive-controlled survey method, we located 14 clumps of E. balikpapanensis with a total of 171 individuals. Based on the occurrence points collected during the survey and additional records from peer-reviewed papers, the calculated extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) of the species were 1,292.265 km2 and 20 km2, respectively. Therefore, we considered E. balikpapanensis as Endangered (EN) under criteria B1+2ab(iii), C2a(i). Under this category, E. balikpapanensis was considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
Estimating the Total Number of Workplace and Public Electric Vehicle Chargers in California

Allocating charging infrastructure to support the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) market transition is a major challenge for policy makers and planners seeking to promote PEV adoption. Most electric...
The ratoon rice system with high yield and high efficiency in China: Progress, trend of theory and technology

Abstract The planting area of ratoon rice in China has expanded in recent years to accommodate the warm temperatures and additional sunshine of the autumn season, greatly improving the yields of rice paddies. China is a global leader in both the research and cultivation of ratoon rice. Along with our 30 consecutive years of research, this review summarizes the research progress of theories and technologies relating to the efficient cultivation of high-yield ratoon rice based on the following: (1) Five regions in China were designated based on the thermal energy available for cultivating main crop-ratoon rice: Southwestern, Southern, Southeast, Central, and Eastern. (2) Ratooning ability is affected by both genetics and environmental factors. Rice cultivars with strong ratooning ability are characterized by strong root activity and high dry matter weight per stem. (3) Mechanisms underlying the death and yield formation of ratooning buds of rice cultivars with strong ratooning ability were analyzed, and the effects of promoting-bud fertilizers, stubble height, timely harvest of main rice crop, and plant growth regulator on improving the ratooning ability of rice cultivars were examined. (4) An efficient method for applying promoting-bud nitrogen fertilizer has been established based on spikelet number per panicle, chlorophyll content, and target yield of ratoon rice. (5) The large-scale production of ratoon rice has several constraints, such as low and unstable grain yield of ratoon crops, large differences in grain yield between the demonstration area and the expansion area, large-scale destruction of stubble after mechanical harvesting of the main crop, and the need for more land between planting ratoon rice and planting double-season rice. (6) Technologies relating to future development trends in ratoon rice are clarified, including high-quality and labor-saving technologies, high nitrogen and potassium use efficiency technologies, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomical measures, technological advancements related to the cultivation of ratoon rice, and the optimal economic threshold of rice yield in ratoon rice production.
Effect of aging and temperature on milling-induced stresses and cracks in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavements

Abstract The majority of the pavements in the world are surfaced with asphalt mixes. Milling is a necessary step for the removal of aged or distressed Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) materials and recovery of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for rehabilitation of asphalt pavements. The objective of this study was to predict the milling-induced stresses for two asphalt mixes. Using laboratory-measured stiffness, a three-dimensional finite element model (3-D FEM) was developed and validated with drop tower impact tests. The models were simulated at 25 °C and 60 °C, with unaged, 60 months, and 120-month aged conditions. Viscoelastic and Drucker-Prager models with the maximum principal stress failure criterion and the erosion method were utilized to predict failure. Results showed that the milling-induced stress zone increases significantly with increased stiffness/aging. Milling at 25 °C results in greater stress penetration depth than at 60 °C and leads to the formation of cracks below the milling line.