cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variability for drought resistance in cowpea

Abstract Potential drought resistances of 304 diverse cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes were determined using plants grown in dryland and irrigated plots near Lubbock, Texas, during a severe drought (60 mm rainfall) in 1980. Screening for drought resistance was based on total shoot dry weight 55 and 77 days after planting (DAP). Genotypes were classified as either resistant or susceptible on five criteria: (1) shoot dry weight in dryland plots, 55 and 77 DAP (SDW); (2) percentage reduction in shoot dry weight in dryland plots as compared to shoot dry weight in irrigated plots (SDW%); (3) rate of growth in dryland plots between 55 and 77 DAP (RATE); (4) percentage reduction in rate of growth between dryland and irrigated plots (RATE%); (5) mean productivity expressed as average performance in both environments (MP). Genotypes classified as resistant or susceptible by percentage reduction criteria, such as SDW% and RATE%, tended to perform well in one environment and not in the other. Therefore, identification of drought-resistant germplasm may require screening on the basis of an absolute measurement of performance, such as SDW or RATE, in combination with a percentage reduction criterion, such as SDW% or RATE%. Seven genotypes (TVu 29, TVu 2074, TVu 2157, TVu 2319, TVu 2538, TVu 5150 and TVu 5158) were classified as drought-resistant and four (TVu 1570, TVu 1630, TVu 1819 and TVu 3444) as drought-susceptible by more than three criteria. Improved drought resistance in cowpea via plant breeding appears to be feasible.
Minimizing invader impacts: Striking the right balance between removal and restoration

Invasive species can cause severe damage in their introduced range; this damage often persists even after removal of the invader. In order to efficiently allocate a limited budget between invader removal and restoration of habitat from which the invader has been removed, it is vital to quantify the impacts of the invasion within an economic context. Here we develop optimal management strategies for biological invasions, which minimize both the direct economic costs of removal and restoration, and the ecological costs of present and future damage caused by the invasion. We demonstrate how this can be formulated as a linear programming problem, enabling the fast and efficient computation of optimal solutions. Using a simple example, we outline some general principles for the optimal control of an invader that damages its environment. Notably, we show that the most effective strategies often switch the priority of removal and restoration over time, and outline the conditions under which restoration is prioritized over removal. The proportion of total funds allocated to restoration will depend on the annual budget, the persistence of damage, and the relative costs of damage, removal and restoration.
Rationally constructing the dimensions of the political sphere

I construct a game-theoretic model in which people have preferences over two issues, but in which people rationally and endogenously choose to reveal their preferences over only one of them, leaving the other private and irrelevant for political action. In this way, people “construct” the political sphere to include one issue and not the other.
Delusions and Diffusions of City Planning in the United States

A number of concepts and conditions in current city planning are questioned: the grand master plan delusion; planning after the fact; intermittent master planning; the illusion of complete study; avoiding the critical problems; trying to do everything; sematic confusion; conflicts of role and organization; unrealistic derivation of goals and objectives; failure of city planning in the general public interest; deficiencies of planning personnel; inadequacies of theory and research; underestimating fundamental difficulties of the city planning endeavor.
Scintillation properties of SrI_2(Eu^2+) (Strontium iodide doped with europium) for high energy astrophysical detectors: Nonproportionality as a function of temperature and at high gamma-ray energies

Strontium iodide doped with europium is a new scintillator material being developed as an alternative to lanthanum bromide doped with cerium for use in high energy astrophysical detectors. As with all scintillators, the issue of nonproportionality is important because it affects the energy resolution of the detector. In this study, we investigate how the nonproportionality of strontium iodide doped with europium changes as a function of temperature 16 deg. C to 60 deg. C by heating the strontium iodide doped with europium scintillator separate from the photomultiplier tube. In a separate experiment, we also investigate the nonproportionality at high energies (up to 6 MeV) of strontium iodide doped with europium at a testing facility located at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We find that the nonproportionality increases nearly monotonically as the temperature of the strontium iodide doped with europium scintillator is increased, although there is evidence of non-monotonic behavior near 40 deg. C, perhaps due to electric charge carriers trapping in the material. We also find that within the energy range of 662 keV to 6.1 MeV, the change in the nonproportionality of the strontium iodide doped with europium is about 1.5 to 2 percent.
In situ distributed diagnostics of flowable electrode systems: resolving spatial and temporal limitations

In this study, we have developed an in situ distributed diagnostics tool to investigate spatial and temporal effects in electrochemical systems based on flowable electrodes. Specifically, an experimental approach was developed that enables spatially-resolved voltage measurements to be obtained in situ, in real-time. To extract additional data from these distributed measurements, an experimentally-parameterized equivalent circuit model with a new ‘flow capacitor’ circuit element was developed to predict the distributions of various system parameters during operation. As a case study, this approach was applied to investigate the behavior of the suspension electrodes used in an electrochemical flow capacitor under flowing and static conditions. The volumetric capacitance is reduced from 15.6 F ml−1 to 1.1 F ml−1 under flowing conditions. Results indicate that the majority of the charging in suspension electrodes occurs within ∼750 μm of the current collectors during flow, which gives rise to significant state-of-charge gradients across the cell, as well as underutilization of the available active material. The underlying cause of this observation is attributed to the relatively high electrical resistance of the slurry coupled with a stratified charging regime and insufficient residence time. The observations highlight the need to develop more conductive slurries and to design cells with reduced charge transport lengths.
Phased Array Ghost Elimination (PAGE) for Segmented SSFP Imaging With Interrupted Steady-State

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) has recently proven to be valuable for cardiac imaging due to its high signal-to-noise ratio and blood-myocardium contrast. Data acquired using ECG-triggered, segmented sequences during the approach to steady-state, or return to steady-state after interruption, may have ghost artifacts due to periodic k-space distortion. Schemes involving several preparatory RF pulses have been proposed to restore steady-state, but these consume imaging time during early systole. Alternatively, the phased-array ghost elimination (PAGE) method may be used to remove ghost artifacts from the first several frames. PAGE was demonstrated for cardiac cine SSFP imaging with interrupted steady-state using a simple alpha/2 magnetization preparation and storage scheme and a spatial tagging preparation.
Wind-driven Arctic freshwater anomalies

[1] Large freshwater (FW) anomalies have been observed in the Arctic FW budget and exports in the last decade but their origin is unclear. This letter examines if the large-scale wind conditions might be responsible. We employ an idealized model forced by wind conditions that generate FW budget anomalies. Anticyclonic (cyclonic) winds cause an increase (decrease) of FW in the Western Arctic. For anticyclonic winds, the magnitude and timescale of the FW accumulation in the Western Arctic are similar to observations. Importantly, a cyclonic shift in the winds can only generate a realistically large release event if the Western Arctic is anomalously fresh beforehand. Given that the Western Arctic presently stores excess FW, the findings suggest that a present-day shift to cyclonic winds will generate a large release of liquid FW from the Arctic through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
The Relationship Between Word Association and Grammatical Classes in Aphasia

A word association test consisting of five each of nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and prepositions was administered orally to fifty aphasic and fifty nonaphasic patients. Associations were scor...
21. Immunohematologic disorders.

Immunohematologic disorders are a broad group of entities in which hematologic diseases, usually cytopenias, are caused by immune reactions. These reactions lead to the development of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia, either separately or in combination. Common underlying mechanisms include immunodeficiency, systemic autoimmunity, and drug-induced reactions. Transplacental transfer of maternal alloantibodies can lead to fetal and neonatal cytopenias. Other immune reactions include antibodies to clotting factors, which result in both thrombosis and hemorrhage, and hemolytic and nonhemolytic reactions during transfusion of blood products. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:S669-76.)
A working classification of adnexal cysts and neoplasms

Abstract The classification given herewith is on an anatomicopathologic basis. It is sufficiently descriptive and is not confusing. In dealing with ovarian cysts and neoplasms sufficient knowledge of their characteristics and behavior is necessary for appropriate treatment to be instituted.
Do Predictive Brain Implants Threaten Patient's Autonomy or Authenticity?

The development of predictive brain implant (PBI) technology that is able to forecast specific neuronal events and advise and/or automatically administer appropriate therapy for diseases of the bra...
Examining Diversity on State Courts: How Does the Judicial Selection Environment Advance — And Inhibit — Judicial Diversity?

This white paper explores the relationship between judicial diversity and the institutional, political, and legal environment in which judges are selected.
Factors associated with mortality after Nissen fundoplication in children.

Purpose The purpose of this article was to identify factors associated with mortality after Nissen fundoplication in children. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, children younger than 18 years, from two children's hospitals, with Nissen fundoplication performed between January 1994 and December 2010, were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion required complete data and follow-up to October 2011. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared, using t-tests for continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables, to identify factors associated with mortality. Patient factors present before the first fundoplication were analyzed. Surgical factors were surgical complications, gastrostomy placement, operative technique, and redos. Logistic regression evaluated for independence of variables. Results A total of 823 children were identified, 412 were included and 63 died (15.3%). The median follow-up time for the cohort was 3.7 years (mean, 4.5 ± 3.2 years). For nonsurvivors, the median time to death after fundoplication was 6.0 months (mean, 13.2 ± 18.0 months). Significant factors after univariate analysis were surgical complications (p = 0.001), female gender (p = 0.001), neurological impairment (p = 0.010), and fundoplication performed before the age of 18 months (p = 0.035). Independent predictors were surgical complications, odds ratio (OR), 3.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–8.29), neurological impairment, OR, 2.58 (95% CI, 1.38–4.83), fundoplication before the age of 18 months, OR, 2.46 (95% CI, 1.23–4.94), and female gender, OR, 2.25 (95% CI, 1.26–4.00). Conclusion After Nissen fundoplication in children, surgical complications, neurological impairment, fundoplication performed before the age of 18 months, and female gender are associated with mortality. The median time to death for nonsurvivors was 6 months.
Implementing an electronic health record as an objective measure of care provider accountability for a resource-poor rural area in the Dominican Republic

Open source medical record software provides a low-cost way of implementing electronic health record (EHR) systems in resource-poor areas. This facilitates provision of longitudinal care of a patient population and offers an objective means for evaluating a short term medical trip's impact. The goal for this project was to assess the feasibility of implementing the Open Medical Record System (OpenMRS)-an open source EHR developed by Partners in Health (PIH) and the Regenstrief Institute-by medical students at various resource-poor rural sites on the outskirts of Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic. An EHR based on an OpenMRS platform was developed for use in the primary care setting of a short term international medical trip (STIMT). Medical and nursing students were trained to use the system in a sitespecific simulated environment with Spanish-speaking standardized patients at the Clinical Skills and Simulation Center of UCF College of Medicine. The EHR system, utilizing a laptop, battery pack, router, and school-issued iPads, was transported and deployed in rural communities near Jarabacoa in the Dominican Republic. The data of 125 patients was recorded using the EHR system. Patient demographics, medical history, physical exam, and the physician's assessment and plan were entered into the EHR. Patient data is stored presently on a Dell Latitude E6410. The patient records are accessible via this host laptop and may be exported to other clients via a Microsoft Excel file. Preclinical medical students and nursing students successfully deployed a highly-portable EHR system for three different resource-poor communities across the Greater Jarabacoa area. Future uses of the proven mobile EHR system include: an objective means for evaluating interventions, assessing healthcare needs, and providing continuity of patient care. Data obtained from this trip will be used to generate new patient scenarios for pre-trip simulation training and determine the appropriate medications and supplies for the subsequent trip. (6 pages)
Epidermal differentiation gene regulatory networks controlled by MAF and MAFB.

ABSTRACTNumerous regulatory factors in epidermal differentiation and their role in regulating different cell states have been identified in recent years. However, the genetic interactions between these regulators over the dynamic course of differentiation have not been studied. In this Extra-View article, we review recent work by Lopez-Pajares et al. that explores a new regulatory network in epidermal differentiation. They analyze the changing transcriptome throughout epidermal regeneration to identify 3 separate gene sets enriched in the progenitor, early and late differentiation states. Using expression module mapping, MAF along with MAFB, are identified as transcription factors essential for epidermal differentiation. Through double knock-down of MAF:MAFB using siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, epidermal differentiation was shown to be impaired both in-vitro and in-vivo, confirming MAF:MAFB's role to activate genes that drive differentiation. Lopez-Pajares and collaborators integrated 42 publish...
Analysis on Feedstock Availability for Biomass Moulding Fuel in Anqing City

In order to provide decision-making basis for builing biomass moulding fuel enterprise,agriculture and forestry waste resources,social economic development and investment environment of Anqing City were investigated and analyzed.The project team took ten days of on-the-spot investigation on May 25,2009-June 5 in Anqing City.The relevant government departments,research experts and part of wood processing enterprises were visited during the investigation.The local agriculture and forestry waste resources as feedstock for biomass moulding were investigated,and the feasibility of investing a biomass moulding enterprise was appraised.The results showed that agriculture and forestry waste resource is rich in Anqing City,and 1.8 million tons crops straw 0.5 million tons rice hull and 110 000 cubic meters forestry waste can be provided as feedstock for biomass moulding fuel.
Eosinophil Kinetics in Two Patients with Eosinophilia

Leukocyte kinetics were studied in two individuals with marked eosinophilia. Blood leukocytes, labeled in vitro with Na251CrO4, disappeared from the circulation at different rates in the two subjects during the first eight hours after infusion. In one, label disappeared exponentially with a T/2 of 4.5-5.0 hours; in the other, the level of radioactivity remained constant. In both, however, a significant rise in radioactivity appeared during the second 24 hours, suggesting recirculation of the eosinophils. Blood leukocyte DNA-32P labeling was similar in both subjects and closely resembled neutrophil DNA-32P labeling observed in normal individuals. Hydrocortisone infusion produced an exponential decrease in circulating eosinophils in one subject and, for reasons unknown, a linear decrease in the other; the drug exhibited no effect on eosinophils in vitro.
Role of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins in synaptic transmission and plasticity at corticostriatal synapses.

The role of pertussis toxin (PTX)–sensitive G-proteins in corticostriatal synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic depression (LTD) was examined using extracellular field potential and whole ce...
Lysis of zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora induced by concanavalin A.

La concanavalina A causa la lisis total de las zoosporas dePhytophthora palmivora. Una vez enquistadas, las celulas se vuelven resistentes a esta lectina. Aparentemente, la concanavalina A interfiere especificamente con el proceso de neogenesis de pared celular.
La denominación de origen protegida “Los Pedroches” como ruta gastronómica del jamón ibérico: análisis del perfil del visitante y evolución futura

Las denominaciones de origen tienen una larga historia en Espana y el caso del jamon no es una excepcion. La denominacion de origen protegida del jamon iberico “Los Pedroches” constituye un ejemplo de simbiosis entre esta figura y la de las rutas gastronomicas. En este trabajo se ha realizado un analisis del perfil del visitante de la comarca en la que esta denominacion se asienta, con el objetivo de recabar informacion que sirva para promover la mencionada denominacion como ruta gastronomica y, de esta manera, incrementar las fuentes de ingresos y los niveles de renta y empleo de la poblacion local, potenciando asimismo la multifuncionalidad del territorio rural de la zona.
Programming Theory Under Stress: The Active Industry and the Active Audience

Renewed stress on programming theory has inevitably resulted from escalating competition within the television industry, the audience’s increasing ease in choosing programs, and the inescapable threat posed by on-line entertainment services. This historical analysis shows how models of programming theory have been altered over the past 50 years, spurred by changing audience behaviors and industry programming strategies. The persistent theoretical concepts modified by new viewer-control technologies suggest likely directions for future programming research in the on-line era.
Characterization of three dimensional volumetric strain distribution during passive tension of the human tibialis anterior using Cine Phase Contrast MRI

Intramuscular pressure correlates strongly with muscle tension and is a promising tool for quantifying individual muscle force. However, clinical application is impeded by measurement variability that is not fully understood. Previous studies point to regional differences in IMP, specifically increasing pressure with muscle depth. Based on conservation of mass, intramuscular pressure and volumetric strain distributions may be inversely related. Therefore, we hypothesized volumetric strain would decrease with muscle depth. To test this we quantified 3D volumetric strain in the tibialis anterior of 12 healthy subjects using Cine Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cine Phase Contrast data were collected while a custom apparatus rotated the subjects' ankle continuously between neutral and plantarflexion. A T2-weighted image stack was used to define the resting tibials anterior position. Custom and commercial post-processing software were used to quantify the volumetric strain distribution. To characterize regional strain changes, the muscle was divided into superior-inferior sections and either medial-lateral or anterior-posterior slices. Mean volumetric strain was compared across the sections and slices. As hypothesized, volumetric strain demonstrated regional differences with a decreasing trend from the anterior (superficial) to the posterior (deep) muscle regions. Statistical tests showed significant main effects and interactions of superior-inferior and anterior-posterior position as well as superior-inferior and medial-lateral position on regional strain. These data support our hypothesis and imply a potential relationship between regional volumetric strain and intramuscular pressure. This finding may advance our understanding of intramuscular pressure variability sources and lead to more reliable measurement solutions in the future.
Abstract 10404: Incidence and Predictors of Asymptomatic Pericardial Effusion After Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Introduction: Pericardial effusion (PE) without obvious periprocedural complications (e.g., cardiac perforation, device erosion) may occur after transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD).It has only been described in case reports, and has not been the subject of systematic study. Hypothesis: The aim of the study is to investigate the incidence and predictors of PE unrelated to procedural complications, thus providing interventional cardiologists with a novel way to approach new-onset PE after ASD closure. Methods: We included all patients who had undergone successful percutaneous ASD closure from June 2009 to April 2014 (n=2652) with no preexisting PE or cardiac perforation or erosion. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed during the procedure and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: After device implantation, fifty patients (1.9 %) developed new-onset PE (37 immediately, 13 during follow-up). These patients were asymptomatic, stable hemodynamically, and had no new...
Power system severe contingency screening considering renewable energy

Power system contingency screening is aimed at detecting potential threats, such as tripped transmission lines, to support secure operation of power systems. The growing penetration of intermittent-renewable resources into the power system challenges the traditional paradigm of contingency screening. One particular concern is that different renewable-generation profiles may lead to changing severe contingencies. This paper presents a method for power system severe contingency screening considering renewable energy. By running the hourly economic dispatch (ED), network congestion patterns under different renewable-generation profiles are determined. Next, spectral clustering is used to determine the most severe or highly congested multiple-line transmission cutset. Additionally, boundaries in the renewable-generation profile space leading to different severe transmission cutsets are investigated. Moreover, cutset-based contingency management through redispatch of conventional generators is implemented to reduce the congestion of transmission lines within the cutset. Simulation results based on the IEEE standard 14-bus system show that the proposed method is promising.
Developing a Framework to Evaluate the Potential of Global Learning in MOOCs

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have rapidly emerged as a new platform for online learning. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) must now determine if MOOC courses should be accepted as course credit. The authors propose a framework for determining if a MOOC course helps students develop the 21st century skills promoted through global learning. This framework is centered on the conditions for global learning – i.e. a process of diverse people collaboratively analyzing and addressing problems that transcend borders – and facilitated through the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model. Any course that attends to these aspects should produce global learning outcomes that fall within one or more of the following three categories: learning about the world, learning with others, and learning to act.
Dynamic association between perfusion and white matter integrity across time since injury in Veterans with history of TBI.

Objective Cerebral blood flow (CBF) plays a critical role in the maintenance of neuronal integrity, and CBF alterations have been linked to deleterious white matter changes. Although both CBF and white matter microstructural alterations have been observed within the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the degree to which these pathological changes relate to one another and whether this association is altered by time since injury have not been examined. The current study therefore sought to clarify associations between resting CBF and white matter microstructure post-TBI.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Risk Assessment: Population Science and the Individual Risk Mandate.

Importance High-resolution stratification of risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in individual patients is a tool that is necessary for achieving effective and efficient application of data generated by population-based research. This concept is at the core of initiatives for merging cost effectiveness with maximized clinical efficiency and individual patient treatment. Observations For this review, we analyzed data on sudden cardiac death and SCA available from population studies that included large longitudinal and cross-sectional databases, observational cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials. In the context of population science, we treated clinical trials as small, scientifically rigid population studies that generate outcomes focused on defined segments of the population. Application of probabilistic outcomes from these available sources to individual patients generally and patients at risk for SCA and sudden cardiac death in particular is limited by the diversity of the study population based on inclusion criteria and/or the absence of uniformly large effect sizes. Limited information is available on the requirements for defining small high-risk density subgroups that would lead to identification of individuals at a sufficiently high probability of SCA to have a significant effect on clinical decision making. Conclusions and Relevance Synthesis of available population and clinical science data demonstrates the limitations for prediction and prevention of SCA and sudden cardiac death and provides justification for a research mandate for improving risk prediction at the level of individual patients. This leads to suggested approaches to new data generation and required research funding to address this large public health burden.
Trump Against the World: His Policies Toward Mexico, and the Resistance from Inside and Outside the United States

Teaching an intensive course on community development in East Africa two years ago and viewing the aftermath of genocide in Rwanda affected me so deeply that it forced me to change my course on mul...
The institutional justice of the market process : Entrepreneurship, increasing returns, and income distribution

We argue in this chapter that the transformation in the vision of economics from one in terms of processes to one in terms of equilibrium would in turn yielded public policy implications regarding the role of government and distributive justice. Although classical political economists had made a case regarding the institutional justice of the market process, this argument became overshadowed in the late 19th century and early 20th century by early neoclassical economists, who defended the market in terms of the equilibrium pricing of factor payments. Justice according to the early neoclassical economists was defined in terms of market outcomes that approximate the marginal valuation of the productive contribution of each factor of production. The persistence of this equilibrium paradigm today, among both proponents and critics of the market, has led to the notion that income equality is a substitute, not a complement to economic prosperity.
Mechanical Properties of Anhydrous and Hydrated Uric Acid Crystals

A large percentage of molecular compounds can crystallize in different hydration states. Although hydrated and anhydrous crystal forms can exhibit different physical properties (e.g., solubility, stability, mechanical strength), establishing the contribution water makes to the properties can be elusive. Anhydrous (UA) and dihydrate (UAD) crystal forms of uric acid share a remarkably similar two-dimensional layer structure, though the presence or absence of water between the layers imparts these crystal forms with dramatically different mechanical properties. The quantitative and qualitative differences in how these two materials respond to uniaxial stress were investigated with nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging normal to the layer direction. Overall, UA was found to be both substantially harder and more brittle than UAD. Load–displacement curves and AFM images of the UA crystal surface postindent reveal slip planes in preferred crystallographic directions and oriented crack formati...
Classroom experience report on jigsaw learning

Jigsaw learning is a cooperative learning technique enabling students to teach and learn from their peers. Although prior studies investigated the efficacy of Jigsaw learning in computing education by measuring student performance after Jigsaw activities, this work reports on student and instructor experiences with Jigsaw learning. Jigsaw activities were performed in lectures throughout the term and student experience data was collected through student surveys. The survey results reveal that 72% of survey respondents thought the Jigsaw activities helped their learning. Furthermore, 75% of respondents acknowledged their role in class as a more engaged learner and 44% of those students identified themselves as taking on the role of a teacher. The instructor found Jigsaw learning to be labor intensive but observed higher levels of student engagement.
Lunar Drilling, Excavation and Mining in Support of Science, Exploration, Construction, and In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

Exploration of almost any extraterrestrial body follows a path from low complexity, low science pay-off to high risk, high pay off. The Moon, being the closest extraterrestrial body, was the first body to be examined with a naked eye by ancient astronomers and philosophers from Babylonia, Greece, and Egypt. The invention of a telescope by Hans Lipperhey in 1608 allowed much more detailed observation of the Moon. With the aid of telescopes, Galileo Galilee could not only view details of the lunar surface, but also discovered the four largest moons of the Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto (now called Galilean satellites). The next leap in exploration of space was possible thanks to the development of rockets. Initially, rockets were built for military purposes only. During World War II, these included infamous V2 rockets and soon after, during the Cold War; they included Inter Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) capable of carrying nuclear warheads across the oceans. The ICBMs later formed the foundation for space rockets.
Issues in the Treatment of Emotional and Behavioral Disturbances in Failure to Thrive

The therapeutic work described in these chapters hold great promise for increased efficacy in interventions concerning emotional and behavioral problems associated with FTT, a condition which certainly requires multiple and specific problem-oriented interventions. Dr. Chatoor and her colleagues and Lieberman and Birch demonstrate fine-tuned diagnostic and therapeutic skills in the most difficult and often overwhelming arena of emotional functioning in the mother-infant pair. Dr. Drotar and his colleagues’ work incorporates sensitivity to the value and strength of family ties surrounding the mother-infant pair, ties which offer vital therapeutic resources for recovery. Drs. Linscheid and Rasnake’s work is noteworthy for efforts to directly address and correct behavioral burdens in the feeding situation, offering a sense of immediate relief and control to families and a concrete “shot in the arm” while other aspects of treatment are beginning.
Expandable Endoprostheses for the Skeletally Immature: The Initial UCLA Experience

Until the concept of an expandable endoprosthesis was introduced in 1986 by Lewis [1] the only local control options for the skeletally immature patient with a primary malignant bone tumor were amputation or rotationplasty as has been recently advocated by Kotz and Salzer [2]. Since January of 1985, 15 expandable endoprostheses were implanted into skeletally immature patients following resection of a primary malignant bone tumor as part of the UCLA Limb Salvage Program. This paper reviews the survival and functional results of the first ten who have a minimum follow-up of 2 years. All patients were followed until prosthesis revision, extremity amputation, or patient death.
Contradictory Advice – A Basic Examination of Decision Making

AbstractLibrarians have many options in seeking advice when making management decisions. Sources for this advice include “common opinion,” which is generally accepted as true without proof; experts...
Association of Acquired and Heritable Factors With Intergenerational Differences in Age at Symptomatic Onset of Alzheimer Disease Between Offspring and Parents With Dementia.

Importance Acquired and heritable traits are associated with dementia risk; however, how these traits are associated with age at symptomatic onset (AAO) of Alzheimer disease (AD) is unknown. Identifying the associations of acquired and heritable factors with variability in intergenerational AAO of AD could facilitate diagnosis, assessment, and counseling of the offspring of parents with AD. Objective To quantify the associations of acquired and heritable factors with intergenerational differences in AAO of AD. Design, Setting, and Participants This nested cohort study used data from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center that included community-dwelling participants with symptomatic AD, parental history of dementia, and available DNA data who were enrolled in prospective studies of memory and aging from September 1, 2005, to August 31, 2016. Clinical, biomarker, and genetic data were extracted on January 17, 2017, and data analyses were conducted from July 1, 2017, to August 20, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The associations of acquired (ie, years of education; body mass index; history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, active depression within 2 years, traumatic brain injury, tobacco use, and unhealthy alcohol use; and retrospective determination of AAO) and heritable factors (ie, ethnicity/race, paternal or maternal inheritance, parental history of early-onset dementia,APOE e4 allele status, and AD polygenic risk scores) to intergenerational difference in AAO of AD were quantified using stepwise forward multivariable regression. Missense or frameshift variants within genes associated with AD pathogenesis were screened using whole-exome sequencing. Results There were 164 participants with symptomatic AD, known parental history of dementia, and available DNA data (mean [SD] age, 70.9 [8.3] years; 90 [54.9%] women) included in this study. Offspring were diagnosed with symptomatic AD a mean (SD) 6.1 (10.7) years earlier than their parents (P Conclusions and Relevance Acquired and heritable factors were associated with a substantial proportion of variability in intergenerational AAO of AD. Variants in genes associated with AD pathogenesis may contribute to unexplained variability, justifying further study.
A Glyph-based Multimodal Presentation of Multivariate Data

This paper describes the feasibility of glyph-based presentations of multivariate data in a multimodal virtual environment (VE). In a multimodal VE, variables are represented as haptic glyphs of different shapes and sizes; data becomes tangible along with its visual representation. Audio feedback helps further exploration of the data. This glyph-based multimodal presentation makes information available to the blind and visually impaired (VI) in a semantic-aware environment. A multimodal VE also enriches the experience of the sighted users.
The impact of obesity on time to recurrence in ovarian cancer: A retrospective study.

5055 Background: There has been conflicting data regarding the relationship between obesity and progression free survival in patients with ovarian cancer. There has been some evidence to suggest th...
ERASE-ing Patient Mistreatment of Trainees: Faculty Workshop

Introduction Mistreatment of physicians by patients is a long-standing phenomenon that has garnered increased attention recently. Medical students and residents also experience mistreatment, and ma...
The Treatment of Suicide and Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children and Adolescents

Suicide is currently the second leading cause of death for 10–34 year-olds. Moreover, up to 20% of adolescents report engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) at some point in their lifetime. Despite the urgent need, the literature on effective treatment options for children and adolescents struggling with suicide, NSSI, and other self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) is relatively limited. This article reviews the efficacy of current treatments for youth suicidality and SIBs. Most of the existing literature on treatment for suicidality and NSSI in children and adolescents is focused on psychotherapy, specifically cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), psychoeducation, family therapy, and school-based interventions. In contrast, psychopharmacology studies have focused on addressing disorders related to suicidality and NSSI such as major depressive disorder, rather than on the behaviors themselves. Currently, there is no single treatment that is considered the gold standard for child and adolescents struggling with suicidality and NSSI. While individual psychotherapies, including CBT and DBT, and psychopharmacological agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), show promise in addressing suicide and related psychopathology, there is considerable need for novel approaches to address the underlying mechanisms leading to youth suicidality and NSSI.
THE DIFFERENCE IN CARDIAC REMODELING IN LEFT-SIDED VALVULAR REGURGITATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE OPTIMAL DEFINITION OF SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION

Grading of aortic regurgitation (AR) and mitral regurgitation (MR) is similar in the guidelines despite distinct differences in LV pathophysiology. We compared LV remodeling in AR and MR patients and evaluated optimal cutoffs for significant AR in relation to the need for aortic valve replacement (
An encoder–decoder LSTM-based EMPC framework applied to a building HVAC system

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefit of economic model predictive control (EMPC) applied to building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. However, the construction and training of predictive models for building HVAC systems are widely recognized as a key technological barrier preventing large-scale adoption of EMPC for buildings. In this work, an encoder–decoder long short-term memory-based EMPC framework is developed. The key advantage of the approach is that a model may be automatically generated from a list of inputs and outputs. From the definition of inputs and outputs, the constructed model may be trained and automatically embedded into the EMPC framework for real-time estimation and control. The overall end-to-end EMPC framework from model training to on-line estimation and control are described. To this end, the encoder–decoder model provides a natural framework for state estimation (encoder), which is required to provide an initial condition for the predictive model of EMPC (decoder). Closed-loop simulations using EnergyPlus are performed to demonstrate the approach. The simulated closed-loop system consists of a building zone from a multi-zone building, which is served by an air handling unit-variable air volume HVAC system. For the HVAC example considered, the trained encoder–decoder model can predict the indoor air temperature and HVAC sensible cooling rate of a building zone over a two-day horizon with high accuracy. Considering a time-of-use electric rate structure, the EMPC, which manipulates the zone temperature setpoint, can reduce the HVAC power consumption cost relative to keeping the zone temperature setpoint at its maximum value (i.e., minimum energy approach).
Converting an Environmental Sampling Methods Lecture/Laboratory Course into an Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experience during the Transition to Distance Learning

In mid-March 2020, due to the novel coronavirus, my 300-level Environmental Sampling Methods lecture/laboratory course transitioned to distance learning. After this move, the primary focus of the course became the laboratory. To do this, I revised my three remaining laboratory exercises (i.e., water quality, soil quality, environmental microbes) and created two new ones (i.e., toxicology, ultraviolet radiation). For the students to complete the experiments, I shipped low-cost equipment and supplies to them; this shipment included Petri plates and sampling swabs, sterile water, a pH meter and associated calibration powders, a total dissolved solids meter, clay and sand samples, conical tubes, sampling baggies, cyanotype printing paper, and lettuce seeds. I justified this shift toward being primarily laboratory-focused by requiring all the experiments to become inquiry-based, increasing the rigor of the experiments but also keeping the students engaged by allowing them to design their own projects. To keep a sense of community within the class, discussion boards were utilized. To ensure a safe environment at home, each project required preapproval. The discussion below focuses on the details of how the course was modified, how the course was managed, some of the pitfalls I encountered, and how the students exceeded my expectations with the projects they created.
Higher Levels of Fibrosis in a Cohort of Veterans with Chronic Viral Hepatitis are Associated with Extrahepatic Cancers.

Abstract Background and aims An estimated 2.4 million Americans, including more than 150,000 Veterans, are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV is estimated to cause roughly 25% of all hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although its mechanism is unknown, developing evidence suggests that chronic HCV infection is also associated with the development of extra-hepatic cancers (EHC). This paper aims to assess the relationship of hepatic fibrosis and chronic HCV with the risk of developing EHC. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective chart review of 1541 patients linked to the hepatitis clinic at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System (VAMHCS) who underwent transient elastography for evaluation and management of liver disease from 2014 to 2018. Liver fibrosis was measured using ultrasound and transient elastography. Extra-hepatic cancer and site was identified by retrospective chart review. Results In adjusted analysis of extra-hepatic cancers, advanced age (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.30-3.04), and higher measured stiffness (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.32-3.64) were associated with an increased likelihood of developing EHC, controlling for HBV infection, HCV exposure, heavy alcohol use, and BMI. Conclusions We observed a significant association between increasing age and increasing levels of liver fibrosis with increased risk of EHC, notably prostate, head and neck squamous cell, lung, and hematologic cancers.
University of Washington at TREC 2020 Fairness Ranking Track

InfoSeeking Lab's FATE (Fairness Accountability Transparency Ethics) group at University of Washington participated in 2020 TREC Fairness Ranking Track. This report describes that track, assigned data and tasks, our group definitions, and our results. Our approach to bringing fairness in retrieval and re-ranking tasks with Semantic Scholar data was to extract various dimensions of author identity. These dimensions included gender and location. We developed modules for these extractions in a way that allowed us to plug them in for either of the tasks as needed. After trying different combinations of relative weights assigned to relevance, gender, and location information, we chose five runs for retrieval and five runs for re-ranking tasks. The results showed that our runs performed below par for re-ranking task, but above average for retrieval.
Safety and Efficacy of Rivaroxaban and Apixaban in Patients with Increased Body Mass: a Systematic Review.

Rivaroxaban and apixaban are direct oral anticoagulants increasing in popularity as convenient alternatives to warfarin. However, current guidelines recommend against use in patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 or bodyweight > 120 kg unless drug-specific levels are measured, which may not be feasible across all clinical practices. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to broadly examine literature evaluating the clinical outcomes of rivaroxaban and/or apixaban in patients with increased body mass. A systematic literature review (guided by PRISMA) was performed through January 27, 2021 using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Key search term clusters included drug and weight-related concepts (overweight/obese, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference). DistillerSR was utilized to review and process search results. Studies met inclusion if they analyzed the risk of bleeding and/or thrombosis in patients with increased body mass (i.e., via BMI or other criteria) receiving rivaroxaban or apixaban. Clinical guidelines, case reports/series, pharmacokinetic/dynamic analyses, and commentaries were excluded. Bias was examined qualitatively across studies. After duplicates were removed, the original search rendered 1822 abstracts and 200 full-texts for screening, ultimately providing a final set of 24 studies for qualitative review. Of these studies, 13 (54.2%) enabled comparisons between patients of increased versus normal body mass, while 11 (45.8%) reported outcomes only for patients of increased body mass. The working definition of ‘increased body mass’ varied amongst the studies, including 11 (45.8%) studies that utilized BMI, seven (29.2%) with a combination of BMI and body measurement, two (8.3%) that relied on body weight alone, and four (16.7%) that identified obesity-related ICD codes. All 13 comparative studies found similar or reduced rates of safety and efficacy outcomes with rivaroxaban and apixaban. The literature reports similar or lower bleeding and thrombotic risk for rivaroxaban and apixaban in patients of increased body mass compared to patients of normal body mass. Future prospective controlled studies are needed to further define guidelines for use in this population.