cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF CARYOSPORA (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM GUATEMALAN SNAKES (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE AND VIPERIDAE)

One hundred and seventy snakes were collected in Guatemala and examined for coccidia. Of these, 8 individuals representing 6 host species were positive for Caryospora spp., 6 of which are described as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Caryospora bothriechis n. sp. from Bothriechis aurifer are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 12.7 × 12.5 (12–14 × 12–13) μm, with a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.0; they lack a micropyle (M) or oocyst residuum (OR), but 1 large polar granule (PG) is usually present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 9.0–7.5 (8–10 × 7–8) μm, and have a L/W ratio of 1.2, and a Stieda body (SB) and sporocyst residuum (SR). Oocysts of Caryospora coniophanis n. sp. from Coniophanes imperialis are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 18.8 × 18.1 (17–20.5 × 16–20) μm, with a L/W ratio of 1.0; they lack a M and OR, but 1 large PG is usually present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 13.2 × 9.4 (12–15 × 8–10) μm with a L/W ratio of 1.4, and a SB, substieda body (SSB), and SR. Oocysts of Caryospora conophae n. sp. from Conophis line...
Mathematical Models of Dopamine Metabolism in Parkinson’s Disease

As discussed in Chap. 1 and elsewhere in this volume, a feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a reduction in dopamine concentration in the striatum, caused by progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter that is involved in numerous physiological functions, and its role in PD has been studied extensively. However, the dynamics of dopamine in situ are not fully understood because it is affected by a large number of metabolites, other biological components, and an ill-characterized spectrum of environmental and genetic factors. This chapter describes the state of the art in mathematical models of dopamine metabolism and signal transduction. First, the topology of the dopamine pathway is reviewed. Second, the construction of two types of models is discussed. The first of these models targets dopamine metabolism in the presynaptic terminal, while the second describes dopamine-based signal transduction at the synapse and signal integration in the postsynaptic target neurons. The construction phase of symbolic models is followed by numerical configurations based on data. The resulting parameterized models are then compared with experimental and clinical observations as a means of testing their validity and predictive power. The best model is utilized to analyze ill-understood aspects of the role of dopamine in PD and to identify critical molecules and processes that might be potential therapeutical targets. Simulations of drugs targeting these sites are presented and evaluated with respect to their benefits, possible side effects, and downstream effects of perturbations in dopamine dynamics.
Statistics and Causal Inference: A Review

This paper aims at assisting empirical researchers benefit from recent advances in causal inference. The paper stresses the paradigmatic shifts that must be undertaken in moving from traditional statistical analysis to causal analysis of multivariate data. Special emphasis is placed on the assumptions that underly all causal inferences, the languages used in formulating those assumptions, and the conditional nature of causal claims inferred from nonexperimental studies. These emphases are illustrated through a brief survey of recent results, including the control of confounding, the assessment of causal effects, the interpretation of counterfactuals, and a symbiosis between counterfactual and graphical methods of analysis.
Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae): Transient Expression of a Heterologous Gene for Resistance to the Antibiotic Geneticin

Expression of a heterologous gene for resistance to the antibiotic geneticin, Sigma G418, has been demonstrated in larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Embryos were nicroinjected with the plasmid pUChsneo, and survivors were reared on normal or geneticin-containing diet (100 or 500 ppm). First, evidence is presented to suggest weak heritable (possibly cytoplasmic) transmission of tolerance to geneticin for several generations. Such tolerance, however, was invariably lost by the 10th generation. Second, results are presented to support transient expression of the geneticin resistance gene in C. capitata during the G 0 generation. Injected individuals survived twice as well as uninjected individuals on 100-ppm diet when no heat shocks were applied (pupal yield, 0.36 versus 0.20) and six times as well when three heat shocks (37°C for 1 h) were applied during the 6-d larval period (0.57 versus 0.10). Injected and uninjected larvae survived at a similar low level (3-5 %) on 500-ppm diet. Molecular evidence for activity of the pUChsneo structural gene in C. capitata was obtained with an RNA dot blot probed with labelled pUChsneo DNA
Progress in fiber optic LAN and MAN standards

The evolution of standards and link specification methodology, spurred by the rapidly increasing interest in utilizing fiber-optic local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs), is summarized. Issues that interrelate LAN and MAN architecture, protocol, and fiber-optic link performance are examined, particularly as concerns information transfer modes, framing, and overhead. The internetworking of LANs and MANs is discussed. The impact of architecture and protocol on link performance is addressed; receiver and link dynamics, the use of data scrambling versus block coding, clock distribution, and link error statistics are considered. A methodology for fiber-optic link specification that accounts for distortion and jitter is defined, and link analysis is discussed. Directions for future standards development are indicated. >
ON THE ANALYSIS OF REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF THE SAME SUBJECTS.

THE GENERAL hypothesis that psychologic and personality factors play a role in the genesis of hypertension has been under increasingly intensive and sophisticated investgation for more than two decades. During this period, observations have ranged from relatively undifferentiated consideration of ‘stress’ factors, to attempts to define a ‘hypertensive personality’ characterized either by specific traits or by intra-psychic processes. More recent efforts include systematic and longitudinal multi-disciplinary studies of personality relating, on one hand, to physiologic research on pressure mechanisms in animals and, on the other, to knowledge of the social and cultural setting in which personality operates. In this area, as in many other areas of hypertension research, there are at least two separate but related questions: (1) do factors of this type actually contribute to, or bear a relationship to, the genesis of hypertensive disease, and (2) if so, by what mechanisms is the effect mediated and translated into the persisting somatic process(es) comprising the disease? We know, for example, that laboratory animals can be ‘stressed’ in a variety of ways which lead to at least temporary elevations of blood pressure; similarly, it has been demonstrated that humans will respond to certain types of experience (ranging from the simple procedure of blood pressure measurement to exposure to battle or natural disaster) with elevations of pressure [l-5]. The mechanism of these elevations, however, remains unclear, as does the question whether these blood pressure increases are related to the development of true hypertensive disease.
Integrative Healthcare: An Exploration of Students Who Choose This Undergraduate Major

Abstract Objective: Given the dearth of literature on this topic, the aim of this study was to understand who chooses to study integrative healthcare at an academic institution and why they choose to do so, the demographic characteristics of the student population, their background, and postgraduate plans. Design: A cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Data were collected at a large, urban, public university with a well-established undergraduate bachelor of science program in integrative healthcare. Participants: A total of 105 declared integrative health undergraduate majors. Measurements: Online research software collected anonymous survey responses during a 2-month period. Results: Survey participants were more likely to be white and full-time students compared with the general undergraduate population. Many respondents discovered the integrative health major and then decided to enroll at the university. Most had used complementary and alternative medicine modalities, such as massage, yoga, and medi...
'Best Practices' in the Design of Privacy Disclosures: An Experimental Test

One of the primary goals of privacy regulations is to transform privacy disclosure into relevant, accessible, and clearer information aids for consumers. Laws, industry standards, and consumer groups have coalesced around a list of “best practice” guides that advocate several formal properties to be used in drafting privacy disclosure. But would such formal properties actually change behavior? This question has not been rigorously studied. We conducted a survey experiment designed to test whether altering the formal properties of privacy disclosures affects respondents’: (1) willingness to disclose personal information; (2) comprehension of the disclosure; and (3) understanding of their legal rights. Our results reveal that altering the formal properties of privacy disclosures have [no/a limited/a substantial] effect on the information respondents understanding, willingness to disclose information, or understanding of their rights.
Challenging the role of pH in skeletal muscle fatigue

Muscle fatigue is frequently defined as a temporary loss in force- or torque-generating ability because of recent, repetitive muscle contraction (1). The development of this temporary loss of force is a complex process and results from the failure of a number of processes, including motor unit recruitment and firing rate, chemical transmission across the neuromuscular junction, propagation of the action potential along the muscle membrane and T tubules, Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), Ca2+ binding to troponin C, and cross-bridge cycling (for detailed reviews, see Bigland-Ritchie and Woods(1), McLester(2), and Favero(3)). Muscle fatigue may limit the time a person can stand, the distance a person can ambulate, or the number of stairs a person can ascend or descend. In practical terms, however, we cannot know what actually leads to a decline in function for a given patient. For a phenomenon that may have profound clinical implications, muscle fatigue often receives inadequate attention in physiology textbooks, many of which contain a page or less of information on the entire topic (4-8). In addition, many textbooks report that muscle fatigue is mainly the result of a decrease in pH within the muscle cell due to a rise in hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) resulting from anaerobic metabolism and the accumulation of lactic acid (6-8). Recent literature, however, contradicts this assertion (9-10). The purpose of this update, therefore, is to provide a brief review of the role of pH in the development of muscle fatigue.
Entropy generation analysis for metachronal beating of ciliated Cu-water nanofluid with magnetic field

In this paper, we have discussed the entropy generation on the ciliary motion of the peristaltic transport of fluids in human body. On the basis of the mathematical model of the copper nanofluids with pure water as the base fluid, the complete problem is analysed under the presence of heat transfer. It is considered that a group of cilia operate together and produce metachronal waves to transport the fluid. The governing flow equations are non-linear partial differential equations, which are reduced to ordinary differential equation form using the dimensionless variables. The investigation is carried out under the assumptions of low Reynold's number and long wavelength. Exact solutions of the fluid velocity, pressure gradient and temperature profile have been obtained. The obtained expressions are then described through graphs for various relevant parameters. Trapping phenomenon for nanoparticle volume fraction is presented at the end of the paper.
Composing Conflict: The Lawyer as Composer

A lawyer with "situation sense" will have, among many skills, those captured by the word compose -- understanding when and how to settle conflicts, how to bring together varied and disparate parts and parties, how to create coherence and bring things into proper form, and how to engender repose, soothe agitation, and quite volatile situations.
Life Span and Fecundity of Adult Female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Fed Aqueous Extracts of Pollen

Adult female A. aegypti fed aqueous extracts of bee-collected pollen lived significantly longer than controls fed only 10% sucrose. Females given an aqueous extract of corn pollen laid 0.89 fertile eggs per female. Controls laid no eggs. Mosquitoes offered whole pollen did not live longer than controls.
Shear-wave Imaging Using Cross-dipole Acoustic Logging Tool

Summary The shear waves from a four-component cross-dipole acoustic tool were analyzed to provide an important method for the single-well acoustic imaging application. We analyzed the effects of wave radiation, reflection, and borehole acoustic response on the shear-wave reflection measurements. In particular, we studied shear-wave radiation from a dipole source and the wave’s reflection from a formation reflector, showing that the shear waves generated by a dipole source in borehole have a wide radiation pattern. This allows for imaging reflectors at various dip angles crossing the borehole. More importantly, the azimuthal variation of the shear waves, in connection with the multi-component nature of a cross-dipole tool, can be used to determine the strike azimuth of the reflector. The analysis results establish a theoretical foundation for the borehole shear-wave imaging application. The theoretical results are utilized to formulate an inversion procedure for field data processing. The field data application not only validates the theoretical results but also demonstrates advantages of shear-wave imaging.
Putting the Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressive Activities of E2F into Context.

Deregulation of E2F transcriptional activity as a result of alterations in the p16 INK4a -cyclin D1-Rb pathway is a hallmark of human cancer. E2F is a family of related factors that controls the expression of genes important for cell cycle progression as well as other processes such as apoptosis, DNA repair, and differentiation. Some E2F family members are associated with the activation of transcription and the promotion of proliferation while others are implicated in repressing transcription and inhibiting cell growth. It is now becoming clear however, that this view of the E2F family is overly simplistic and that the role of a given E2F in regulating transcription and cell growth is highly dependent on context. This complexity is also evident when analyzing how perturbations in E2F modulate tumor development. As expected, some E2F family members are found to be critical for mediating the oncogenic effects of Rb loss. On the other hand, several E2Fs have tumor suppressive properties in mouse models and this appears to be reflected in some human cancers with decreased E2F expression. Surprisingly, tumor suppressive activity is not associated with the repressor E2Fs but instead is associated with the same E2Fs shown to have oncogenic activities. For example, deregulated E2F1 expression can either promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending on the nature of the other oncogenic mutations that are present. Thus, the ability of some E2F family members to behave as both oncogene and tumor suppressor gene can be reconciled by putting E2F into context.
Pediatric Headache and Epilepsy Comorbidity in the Pragmatic Clinical Setting.

Introduction Demographic and clinical data were collected from three cross-sectional samples, from the headache and epilepsy clinics according to respective protocols. During structured interviews, we examined the co-occurrence of headaches and epilepsy in children and their families: (1) 172 children from the headache clinic, were questioned for the number and type of epileptic seizures and epilepsy diagnosis. (2) Around 70 children from the epilepsy clinic for the frequency and type of headaches and headache syndrome diagnosis. (3) A total of 149 parents of children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BCECTS) and childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), for the relative frequency of headaches in first- and second-degree relatives. Results Out of 172, 84 (48.8%) children with headache had a migraine and 60 (34.9%) had tension headaches; 3 children (1.7%) had epilepsy or unprovoked seizures. Migraine and epilepsy, co-occurred in 2/84 (2.3%). Eight out of 70 patients with epilepsy had headaches (11.4%); none had migraine. Around 43% of patients with BCECTS or CAE had a family history of headache, more prevalent in first-degree relatives of children with BCECTS than CAE. Conclusion Contrary to existing literature, migraine and epilepsy, co-occurred infrequently in these highly selected samples. Family history of headache was frequent in patients with BCECTS and CAE, without any significant difference between the two.
Guidelines for Recovering Home Office Overhead Costs with Emphasis on the Eichleay Formula

AbstractHome office overhead (HOOH) is the cost associated with higher-level management and other related resources needed to indirectly support a construction project. It is often not tracked in direct relationship to a particular project because that type of support is needed to support more than one individual project. Over the past several decades, numerous disputes have led to court trials where the Eichleay formula was applied as the method for calculating unabsorbed HOOH resulting from project delays. Eichleay has been a point of controversy ever since its inception in 1970, so much so that not all courts have accepted the formula and some have created their own. Court cases have a definite theme attributable to when one may apply and what needs to be proven to recover using this formula. This paper develops and discusses those criteria so that parties involved can better influence the outcome of such a dispute. It is based on a case review of court and board decisions rendered over the past 50 yea...
Parent Perceptions of Participating in a Program for Adolescents Who Are Violent at Home

Child-to-parent abuse (CPA) is an under-addressed form of family violence and relatively few resources are available for families experiencing CPA. The Step-Up program is a CPA-specific, family-level, group format intervention program in King County, Washington. Qualitative and long-term research on CPA intervention programs is lacking, and it is unknown how parents perceive the effects of participating in Step-Up after program completion. Fifteen parents who completed Step-Up with their adolescent child participated in individual semi-structured telephone or in-person interviews. Participants were asked about their perceptions of the effects of Step-Up participation, how they and their child have used skills taught in the program, and which program features were most and least effective. Participants expressed largely positive effects of participating in Step-Up, including decreased violent behavior by their adolescents and improved parent-child relationships. Recommendations for improving Step-Up included the inclusion of follow-up sessions to further reinforce behavior change and increased program accessibility.
Exploring the relationship between cold case homicide survivors and the media

After a homicide, survivors are thrust into relationships with a myriad of professionals. For cold case homicide survivors, these relationships are likely to develop into long-term, persistent inte...
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE DIRECT MICROSCOPIC SOMATIC CELL COUNT (DMSCC) IN MILK1

The Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) was evaluated in two counting trials. The within film variance was found to be 130% of the mean and the film component of variance was 15% of the mean. These statistics were used to estimate the expected precision of the method. These estimates should be used as guidelines by users until sufficient data is collected to allow reliable estimates for a particular laboratory. Constant reevaluation of the precision achieved in a laboratory can indicate areas of laxity in execution of laboratory procedures.
The Association of Electronic Health Record Adoption with Staffing Mix in Community Health Centers.

Objective To assess how medical staffing mix changed over time in association with the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in community health centers (CHCs). Study Setting Community health centers within the 50 states and Washington, DC. Study Design Estimated how the change in the share of total medical staff full-time equivalents (FTE) by provider category between 2007 and 2013 was associated with EHR adoption using fractional multinomial logit. Data Collection 2007–2013 Uniform Data System, an administrative data set of Section 330 federal grant recipients; and Readiness for Meaningful Use and HIT and Patient Centered Medical Home Recognition Survey responses collected from Section 330 recipients between December 2010 and February 2011. Principal Findings Having an EHR system did significantly shift the share of workers over time between physicians and each of the other categories of health care workers. While an EHR system significantly shifted the share of physician and other medical staff, this effect did not significantly vary over time. CHCs with EHRs by the end of the study period had a relatively greater proportion of other medical staff compared to the proportion of physicians. Conclusions Electronic health records appeared to influence staffing allocation in CHCs such that other medical staff may be used to support adoption of EHRs as well as be leveraged as an important care provider.
RapidFire Mass Spectrometry with Enhanced Throughput as an Alternative to Liquid–Liquid Salt Assisted Extraction and LC/MS Analysis for Sulfonamides in Honey

The use of veterinary drugs in honey bees for the prevention of infectious disease is ever increasing due to the spread of colony collapse disorder around the world. The United States Food and Drug Administration is concerned about the presence of these drugs residues in honey as they often lead to health concerns or potential antibiotic resistance. Currently there is a need for a rapid screening method for the detection of veterinary drugs in honey. Herein is a method that utilizes automated solid-phase extraction that is directly coupled to a mass spectrometer for the quantitative screening of 12 different regulated sulfonamides in honey. Identification of the residues was performed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The acquisition method developed for this analysis can extract with the automated solid-phase extraction system and analyze a single sample on the mass spectrometer in approximately 20 s, with minimal sample preparation. A target testing limit...
Pedestal transport in H-mode plasmas for fusion gain

The first high fidelity gyrokinetic simulations of the energy losses in the transport barriers of large tokamaks in pursuit of fusion gain are presented. These simulations calculate the turbulent energy losses with an extensive treatment of relevant physical effects—fully kinetic, non-linear, electromagnetic—inclusive of all major plasma species, and in equilibria with relevant shape and local bootstrap current for fusion-relevant cases. We find that large plasmas with a small normalized gyroradius lie in an unexpected regime of enhanced losses that can prevent the projected energy gain. Our simulations are qualitatively consistent with recent experiments on JET with an ITER-like wall. Interestingly and very importantly, the simulations predict parameter regimes of reduced transport that are quite fusion-favorable.
The People’s Voice During the 2016 Presidential Campaign:

This study examines the 2016 presidential campaign by comparing the voice of the people with that of the press and the political establishment. By systematically collecting some 5,000 texts (political speeches, ads, and debates alongside print and broadcast coverage) during the campaign and comparing them with 1,200 letters to the editor written in 12 small American cities, an overview of the nation’s quadrennial dialogue was made possible. By also comparing this sample with similar texts gathered for the 1948 through 2012 presidential campaigns, the 2016 campaign could be seen in sharper relief. These comparisons were facilitated by DICTION, a lexically based, content analytic program capable of producing rhetorical profiles of the discourse sampled. Overall, I found (a) that each voice produces distinct verbal patterns, thereby revealing its unique role in the polity; (b) that all three voices—politicians, the press, and the people—were more strident and more philosophical in 2016 than in prior years; (...
Computational design of ligand-binding membrane receptors with high selectivity

Accurate modeling and design of protein-ligand interactions have broad applications in cell biology, synthetic biology and drug discovery but remain challenging without experimental protein structures. Here we developed an integrated protein-homology-modeling, ligand-docking protein-design approach that reconstructs protein-ligand binding sites from homolog protein structures in the presence of protein-bound ligand poses to capture conformational selection and induced-fit modes of ligand binding. In structure modeling tests, we blindly predicted, with near-atomic accuracy, ligand conformations bound to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have rarely been identified using traditional approaches. We also quantitatively predicted the binding selectivity of diverse ligands to structurally uncharacterized GPCRs. We then applied this technique to design functional human dopamine receptors with novel ligand-binding selectivity. Most blindly predicted ligand-binding specificities closely agreed with experimental validations. Our method should prove useful in ligand discovery approaches and in reprogramming the ligand-binding profile of membrane receptors that remain difficult to crystallize.
A Personal Philosophy of Physical Education

(1970). A Personal Philosophy of Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 24-25.
Epsilon Refinery Group

It was May 2007. Earlier in the week, Epsilon Refinery Group had received notification from one of its major suppliers that the price of a key raw material, hydrofluoric acid (HF), would increase at the end of the year—in just seven months. This action was in accordance with an environmental clause in the contract with Cornwell Performance Products (CPP), a division of the multinational chemical manufacturer, Cornwell, Inc. Also in accordance with the contract, action would be required within the next 60 days. Preliminary discussions within Epsilon focused on three primary alternatives. These limited options and the very high stakes involved made the pending discussions with CPP among the most important in recent Epsilon history. Excerpt UVA-QA-0796 Rev. Aug. 21, 2012 Epsilon Refinery Group It was May 2007. Earlier in the week, Epsilon Refinery Group had received notification from one of its major suppliers that the price of a key raw material, hydrofluoric acid (HF), would increase at the end of the year—in just seven months. This action was in accordance with an environmental clause in the contract with Cornwell Performance Products (CPP), a division of the multinational chemical manufacturer, Cornwell, Inc. Also in accordance with the contract, action would be required within the next 60 days. Preliminary discussions within Epsilon focused on three primary alternatives: · Accept the price increase. · Commit Epsilon to an alternative external sourcing plan with another HF supplier. . . .
How Quickly Do Fish Communities Recover From Boat Electrofishing in Large Lakes

Abstract For specific sampling questions researchers may need to target ideal habitats concurrently and collect reliable fish community data, but unfortunately, we know little about the recovery ra...
Laser capture microdissection in traumatic brain injury research: Obtaining hippocampal subregions and pools of injured neurons for genomic analyses

The methods presented here are based on our laboratory's 15 years of experience using laser capture microdissection to obtain samples for the study of gene expression after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a well-established rat model of experimental TBI. Here, we describe how to use the ArcturusXT laser capture microdissection system to capture swaths of specific regions of the rat hippocampus as well as specific neuronal populations defined by Fluoro-Jade C staining. Staining with Fluoro-Jade C identifies a neuron that is in the process of degeneration. We have optimized our protocols for Fluoro-Jade C tissue staining and laser capture microdissection to maintain RNA integrity which is essential for a variety of downstream applications, such as microarray, PCR array, and quantitative real-time PCR analyses.
SubCAS: A Portable, Submersible Hyperbaric Chamber to Collect Living Mesophotic Fishes

Accompanying the recent technological innovations in remotely operated vehicles, submersibles, technical SCUBA, and closed-circuit rebreather diving gear, new discoveries are being made on mesophotic coral ecosystems around the world. However, collecting live fishes from mesophotic depths (60-150m) is challenging, given the difficulty of accessing the habitat, catching the fishes, and the barotrauma that can result from rapid decompression during their transport to the surface. Here, we designed and tested the performance of a portable, submersible hyperbaric chamber, the SubCAS, which we used to safely surface reef fishes from mesophotic depths. During six expeditions between 2014 and 2017 to the Philippines, Vanuatu, Palau and Pohnpei, we assessed the survival of 174 fishes caught between 60 and 150 m depth and decompressed using this chamber. A total of 155 (89.1%) fishes survived decompression, and 143 of 148 specimens shipped (96.6%) survived air cargo transport from remote field sites to the Steinhart Aquarium at the California Academy of Sciences. Survival was significantly related to taxonomic family, with Pomacentridae and Apogonidae showing the highest mortality. Collection depth, fish body size, and length of decompression had no relation to survivorship. Significant interactions between individual decompression events and both fish body size and taxonomic family indicate that low survival was associated with specific SubCAS trials. The SubCAS has allowed us to reliably surface charismatic fishes previously unknown to science and maintain them in aquaria for research and public engagement purposes. This opportunity facilitates a direct connection between our more than one million annual visitors and the wonders of exploration and the science of mesophotic coral ecosystems.
CHER-Ob: A Tool for Shared Analysis and Video Dissemination

The study of cultural heritage involves many different activities, including visualizing digital data, analyzing information, and sharing results. Current technologies focus on providing better tools for data representation and processing, neglecting the importance of analysis and sharing. In this article, we present a software system, CHER-Ob, which offers powerful tools for evaluating and publishing the results of cultural heritage research. CHER-Ob provides the capability to visualize and add various types of annotations to data in a wide variety of formats. These annotations assist in the analysis phase and are used for sharing the results of a study. A written report can be generated and automatically illustrated using the annotations. In addition, an “animation scheme” is associated with each type of annotation. The schemes make it possible to generate an introductory video overview of an analysis by selecting preferences and annotations. A series of animated sequences of 2D and 3D objects will appear in a user-specified order in a video subtitled by annotations. The system is useful for integrating cultural and digital resources as well as for providing a method to author materials for disseminating cultural heritage findings to the public.
Teachers’ orientations toward using student mathematical thinking as a resource during whole-class discussion

Using student mathematical thinking during instruction is valued by the mathematics education community, yet practices surrounding such use remain difficult for teachers to enact well, particularly in the moment during whole-class instruction. Teachers’ orientations—their beliefs, values, and preferences—influence their actions, so one important aspect of understanding teachers’ use of student thinking as a resource is understanding their related orientations. To that end, the purpose of this study is to characterize teachers’ orientations toward using student mathematical thinking as a resource during whole-class instruction. We analyzed a collection of 173 thinking-as-a-resource orientations inferred from scenario-based interviews conducted with 13 teachers. The potential of each orientation to support the development of the practice of productively using student mathematical thinking was classified by considering each orientation’s relationship to three frameworks related to recognizing and leveraging high-potential instances of student mathematical thinking. After discussing orientations with different levels of potential, we consider the cases of two teachers to illustrate how a particular collection of thinking-as-a-resource orientations could support or hinder a teacher’s development of the practice of building on student thinking. The work contributes to the field’s understanding of why particular orientations might have more or less potential to support teachers’ development of particular teaching practices. It could also be used as a model for analyzing different collections of orientations and could support mathematics teacher educators by allowing them to better tailor their work to meet teachers’ specific needs.
Pathologic response and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing nephrectomy after receipt of immune checkpoint inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma.

e16102Background: With the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the role, timing, and safety of surgically excising the primary tumor remain unc...
Regional Nested Model Simulations of Present Day and 2 × CO2 Climate over the Central Plains of the U.S.

A nested regional climate model is used to generate a scenario of climate change over the MINK region (Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas) due to doubling of carbon dioxide concentration (2 × CO2) for use in agricultural impact assessment studies. Five-year long present day (control) and 2 × CO2 simulations are completed at a horizontal grid point spacing of 50 km. Monthly and seasonal precipitation and surface air temperature over the MINK region are reproduced well by the model in the control run, except for an underestimation of both variables during the spring months. The performance of the nested model in the control run is greatly improved compared to a similar experiment performed with a previous version of the nested modeling system by Giorgi et al. (1994). The nested model generally improves the simulation of spatial precipitation patterns compared to the driving general circulation model (GCM), especially during the summer. Seasonal surface warming of 4 to 6 K and seasonal precipitation increases of 6 to 24% are simulated in 2 × CO2 conditions. The control run temperature biases are smaller than the simulated changes in all seasons, while the precipitation biases are of the same order of magnitude as the simulated changes. Although the large scale patterns of change in the driving GCM and nested RegCM model are similar, significant differences between the models, and substantial spatial variability, occur within the MINK region.
Carolina redroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana) vegetative growth and rhizome production as affected by environmental factors and planting depth

Carolina redroot [Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy] is a frequent weed of New Jersey cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) bogs that competes with the crop for nutritional resources. Studies were conducted in 2018 to determine the effects of planting depth, soil moisture, lighting conditions, rhizome water content, and duration of rhizome submersion under water on L. caroliniana shoot emergence, vegetative growth, and rhizome development. Only planting depth greater than 12 cm significantly reduced shoot emergence (54%), biomass shoot and root production (27% and 65%, respectively), and rhizome formation (65%) compared with a 2-cm depth. Complete inhibition of new rhizome production was observed when the rhizome water content dropped to 30%. Soil moisture ≤30% decreased shoot biomass by ≥53% compared to 60% soil moisture, but marginally affected root biomass and had no impact on rhizome formation. Rhizome submersion for at least 120 d had minor effect on shoot emergence but reduced plant biomass by ≥28% and completely inhibited the formation of rhizomes. Finally, shading did not influence emergence but had a more dramatic effect on root and shoot biomass, which were reduced by 53% and 75%, respectively, and prevented the development of new rhizomes. This study demonstrates the plasticity of L. caroliniana to drought stress or long-lasting flooding conditions, therefore preventing consideration of cranberry bed temporary flooding or limitation of irrigation volume and frequency as viable management options. Sanding would not provide a layer of material sufficiently thick for reducing L. caroliniana shoot emergence. Reducing the quantity of light reaching the soil with black tarps or promoting rapid crop canopy closure are options that can complement the use of mesotrione for controlling L. caroliniana. Future research should address the practicality of these options, especially in bogs with low L. caroliniana pressure when early-summer weed regrowth occurs following dissipation of PRE herbicide activity.
Wind turbine selection by using MULTIMOORA method

The increasing population of the world has accelerated consumption and production with developing technology and accelerating globalization. Wind energy is one of the important alternative energy in humanity for thousands of years, and still gives hope to humanity as a generous source of energy. It is very important to identify alternatives that will be most suitable for purposes. This is only possible with a proper decision making. The paper aims to present the applicability of using decision making method for wind turbine selection problem according to qualitative and quantitative criteria. In the scope of study, three different modern wind turbines are examined and evaluated in terms of six different criteria. The method in the study is based on simple calculation operations which give very effective solutions for decisions like wind turbine selection.
Desegregation in a Southern School System, 1968-1974: Power/Resistance and the Discourse of Exclusion.

Educational researchers have historically mediated their understandings of social relations through a structural conception of power. This understanding is grounded in assumptions of exteriority and ownership exteriority in the sense that power is an outside force to be applied in a linear motion toward a particular social arrangement, and ownership in the sense that power is a commodity which might be shared, hoarded, or denied. In other words, we "exert" power, or "bring more power to bear" upon a situation while anointing individuals with the moniker of "power broker," assuming they have somehow amassed a significant amount of power which they wield, like an object, at will. Against these assumptions, I would posit that power is neither linear nor subjective, but rather, in the words of Michel Foucault, "always already present" in every social interaction. It is not a discrete thing to be externally administered or applied, but is interwoven within all social relations. Therefore, all social interactions are relations of power, making it impossible to overtly introduce or withdraw power in a social setting. Although the existence of power in social relations is a constant, the force of its applications is not. Since the conscious mind is required for the mobilization of power, these relations do not take a balanced form but rather exist asymmetrically. The point of analysis therefore shifts from that found in structural research. Rather than focusing on the outcomes of the exercise of power, the examination now rests upon its applications. To consider only the outcomes of power relations is to ignore the central question of how power was mediated through the relationship itself and how the participants chose to define their own subjective positions. Because the oppressive or liberatory aspects of power can only be understood within this set of relational referents, power does not produce a set of objective results which might be analyzed and labeled as "good" or "bad." Power must be understood utilizing a different set of referents than those found in structural thought.
PerSort facilitates characterization and elimination of persister subpopulation in mycobacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) generates phenotypic diversity to persist and survive the harsh conditions encountered during infection. MTB avoids immune effectors and antibacterial killing by entering into distinct physiological states. The surviving cells, persisters, are a major barrier to the timely and relapse-free treatment of tuberculosis (TB). We present for the first time, PerSort, a method to isolate and characterize persisters in the absence of antibiotic, or other, pressure. We demonstrate the value of PerSort to isolate translationally dormant cells that pre-exist in small numbers within Mycobacterium spp. cultures growing under optimal conditions, but which dramatically increased in proportion under stress conditions. The translationally dormant subpopulation exhibited multidrug tolerance and regrowth properties consistent with persister cells. Furthermore, PerSort enabled single-cell transcriptional profiling that provided evidence that the translationally dormant persisters were generated through a variety of mechanisms, including vapC30, mazF, and relA/spoT overexpression. Finally, we demonstrate that notwithstanding the varied mechanisms by which the persister cells were generated, they converge on a similar low oxygen metabolic state that was reversed through activation of respiration to rapidly eliminate persisters fostered under host-relevant stress conditions. We conclude that PerSort provides a new tool to study MTB persisters, enabling targeted strategies to improve and shorten the treatment of TB.
Translanguaging in EFL contexts: a call for change: by M. Rabbidge, New York, NY, Routledge, 2019, 204 pp., $128 hardback, ISBN–13: 978–1138343139

This is a review of the monograph Translanguaging in EFL contexts: A call for change by Michael Rabbidge. The book delves into translanguaging practices in an unexplored context: South Korean Engli...
The mechanistic analysis of founder virus data in challenge models.

Repeated low-dose challenge studies provide valuable information when evaluating candidate vaccines since they resemble the typical exposure of natural transmission and inform on the number of exposures prior to infection. Traditionally, the number of challenges to infection has been used as the outcome. This work uses the number of infecting viruses, or founder viruses at the time of infection, to more efficiently characterize a vaccine's mechanism of action. The vaccine mechanisms of action we consider are a Null mechanism (the vaccine offers no protection), a Leaky mechanism in which the number of founder viruses is reduced by some factor in vaccinated subjects, the All-or-None mechanism in which the vaccine randomly provides either complete protection or no protection in vaccinated subjects, and a Combination mechanism with both Leaky and All-or-None components. We consider two discrete marked survival models where the number of founder viruses follows a Poisson distribution with either a fixed mean parameter (Poisson model), or a random mean parameter that follows a Gamma distribution (negative binomial model). We estimate the models using maximum likelihood and derive likelihood ratio testing procedures that are accurate for small samples with boundary parameters. We illustrate the performance of these methodologies with a data example of simian immunodeficiency virus on nonhuman primates and a simulation study.
What Factors Reduce the Incidence of Early Dislocations in Aseptic Total Hip Revisions with Stem Retention

It is unclear which factors are the most important protectors for early postoperative dislocation in aseptic total hip arthroplasty (THA) revisions with stem retention. Therefore, we sought to determine what factors reduce the incidence of dislocations among these patients. Single institution retrospective review was made of 83 consecutive aseptic THA revisions of the head/liner and/or cup performed by five surgeons between 2017 and 2020. Periprosthetic infections and femoral component revisions were excluded. Demographics, preoperative diagnosis, revision type, surgical approach, use of dual mobility systems, length of stay, skin-to-skin time, transfusions, complications, and dislocations were assessed. Pearson correlation/logistic regression analyses were used to determine association/independent predictors of dislocation; α was set at 0.05. The overall dislocation rate was 12%. In Pearson correlation, only preoperative diagnosis (instability vs. other, −0.241, p = 0.028) and revision type (only liner vs. cup, −0.304, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with dislocations. In logistic regression, only preoperative diagnosis other than instability (odds ratio [OR] = 0.235, p = 0.038) and cup revision (OR = 0.130, p = 0.014) were found significant protectors against dislocation. Surgical approach and dual mobility systems were not independent predictors of dislocations (p = 0.184 and p = 0.083, respectively). Dislocation rates were significantly different between those cases that had the cup revised (4.0%) and those that did not (24.2%; p = 0.012). Preoperative diagnosis other than instability and cup revision seemed to be protective against early dislocation. Revision of the cup, in particular, seemed to be the most important factor to avoid dislocations while use of dual mobility liners per se did not significantly reduce that risk. The role of isolated liner exchanges in revision THA continues to evolve and should be reserved for appropriately selected patients.
Pandemics and Resiliency: Psychometrics and Mental Models

This chapter examines how people make sense of the uncertainty, the science, and their role in pandemics through the lens of mental models and cognitive biases such as mortality salience, optimism bias, and identity protection. The chapter will present definitions, the similarities and differences between various models, relevant evidence from literature pertaining to past and current pandemics, methods of assessments, and future directions for practitioners, students, and scholars to build resilience through communication driven by an understanding of mental models and cognitive biases.