cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Man-made elements: Outlook for the year 2039

In the fifty years since the discovery of nuclear fission, the field of the study of the chemical and nuclear properties of the man-made elements has been transformed from a frontier science, with a small number of important experiments being performed under very difficult circumstances, to a mature science with encompasses many subfields, and whose techniques are widely used in science and industry. Today, experiments are being performed, on a routine basis, with technology far beyond that available fifty years ago. Here, we have looked fifty years into the future and tried to foresee the state of the field of the study of the man-made elements in the year 2039, on the 100th anniversary of the discovery of nuclear fission.
An improved methodology for routine in vivo microdialysis in non-human primates.

A new method was developed to carry out in vivo microdialysis experiments repetitively and routinely within an individual monkey. We designed and built a dialysis probe guide and holding device ('guide holder') which permits accurate placement of dialysis probes into cortical (e.g., prefrontal, hippocampus, and parietal cortices) and subcortical target areas (e.g., caudate nucleus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens) of the rhesus monkey brain without extensive and repetitive surgery needed to expose a desired brain region. The guide holder is positioned, using MRI-guided coordinates, and fixed to the skull over an intended targeted region. This design provides an opportunity to conduct several experiments in a single monkey over an extended period and permits placement of several probes accurately into 'fresh' or 'experienced' tissue during repeated microdialysis experiments. In addition, during repeated dialysis experiments tissue trauma is minimized because no surgical procedure is necessary on the day of dialysate collection. This procedure can be readily adapted for use with an awake monkey.
Plunder and Pleasure: Japanese Art in the West, 1860-1930

Plunder and pleasure is the first book of its kind to provide an in-depth study of the role played by dealers and collectors of art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the Western craze for East Asian art was at its peak. The book comprises an overview of Japonisme and the translation into English of two important French texts detailing the trade in Asian art at this time: Notes d'un Bibeloteur au Japon by the art dealer Philippe Sichel (1839/40-99) and Souvenirs d'un vieil Amateur d'Art de l'Extreme-Orient by the collector Raymond Koechlin (1860-1931). Both translations are extensively annotated. A discussion of the content and significance of the translations as well as short biographical sketches of Sichel and Koechlin are also included. Plunder and Pleasure casts new light on the subject of Western tastes for East Asian art during this period and furthers our understanding of the cultural relations between the Far East and the West that were going on at this time.
Transforming Growth Factor β3 Regulates the Versican Variants in the Extracellular Matrix-Rich Uterine Leiomyomas:

Uterine leiomyoma are common, benign tumors that are enriched in extracellular matrix. The tumors are characterized by a disoriented and loosely packed collagen fibril structure similar to other diseases with disrupted Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Here we characterized TGF-beta3 signaling and the expression patterns of the critical extracellular matrix component versican in leiomyoma and myometrial tissue and cell culture. We also demonstrate the regulation of the versican variants by TGF-beta3. Using leiomyoma and matched myometrium from 15 patients, messenger RNA (mRNA) from leiomyoma and myometrium was analyzed by semiquantitative real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while protein analysis was done by western blot. Transforming growth factor beta3 transcripts were increased 4-fold in leiomyoma versus matched myometrium. Phosphorylated-TGF-beta RII and phosphorylated-Smad 2/3 complex were greater in leiomyoma as documented by Western blot. The inhibitor Smad7 transcripts were decreased 0.44-fold. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich versican variants were elevated in leiomyoma versus myometrial tissue: specifically V0 (4.27 +/- 1.12) and V1 (2.01 +/- 0.27). Treatment of leiomyoma and myometrial cells with TGF-beta3 increased GAG-rich versican variant expression 7 to 12 fold. Neutralizing TGF-beta3 antibody decreased the expression of the GAG-rich versican variants 2 to 8 fold in leiomyoma cells. Taken together, the aberrant production of excessive and disorganized extracellular matrix that defines the leiomyoma phenotype involves the activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway and excessive production of GAG-rich versican variants.
A Drosophila melanogaster H3.3 cDNA encodes a histone variant identical with the vertebrate H3.3

A cDNA encoding an H3.3 histone variant in Drosophila melanogaster predicts a protein with an amino acid (aa) sequence identical with that in vertebrates. The D. melanogaster H3.3 nucleotide (nt) sequence has diverged significantly from that of both the H3.3 gene of vertebrates and the H3.1 gene of D. melanogaster, largely through third nt changes in its codons. The perfect H3.3 aa sequence conservation between organisms as phylogenetically divergent as vertebrates and flies suggests that the H3.3 histone variant itself is an important structural component of chromatin, apart from the value of its replication-independent expression pattern.
Infectious Mononucleosis: Appearance of Neutralizing Antibody to Epstein-Barr Virus Measured by Inhibition of Formation of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Sera taken before illness and during convalescence from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) were examined for their ability to neutralize the capacity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to stimulate formation of lymphoblastoid cell lines from human leukocytes in vitro. Neutralizing activity was not detected in 13 of 15 sera taken before illness and was present at a dilution of 1:4 or higher in all of 24 sera taken after illness. EBV-neutralizing activity was found in sera collected during the first week of illness and was also demonstrated in a serum obtained many years after illness. The titer of neutralizing activity in sera of two patients studied sequentially did not change significantly during the first year after IM. The results demonstrate appearance of EBV-neutralizing antibody in IM and support previous seroepidemiologic studies which indicate that EBV is the etiologic agent of IM.
Transitional domain wall structure in Permalloy magnetic films with decreasing thickness

The transitional wall structure of a domain wall in Permalloy films in the thickness range of 5.12 /spl mu/m to 0.16 /spl mu/m is investigated using direct integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in a three dimensional Cartesian lattice. The expected stray-field-free structure containing a Bloch wall in the center, Neel caps at the surfaces with a vortex structure on one side of the wall was found for films thicker than 2.56 /spl mu/m. However, the region through the thickness where the /spl nabla//sup /spl omega///spl middot/M/sup /spl mu// across the wall is zero (Bloch wall) was of small extent below 1 /spl mu/m thickness. Neel caps with opposite chirality existed at all thickness investigated down to 0.16 /spl mu/m. The vortex is characterized by an overshoot in the polar angle /spl theta/ out of the plane of the material. Two maximum values of the overshoot were observed for films 2.56 /spl mu/m and thicker. They were located near the film surface under the Neel caps. Thinner films had only one maximum located in the center of the material. The maximum overshoot was a function of thickness varying from 100 to a maximum value of 340 for the 0.64 /spl mu/m thick sample. As the thickness is decreased to 0.16 /spl mu/m, a residual normal component is observed at the surface near the Neel caps, leading to stray fields at the surface.
Altering instructional delivery options to improve intervention outcomes: Does increased instructional intensity also increase instructional effectiveness?

With limited educational resources and numerous other variables that complicate effective teaching, educators need to think prudently about how to allocate resources. In essence, teachers must allocate resources in ways that will best maximize student learning. However, minimal research has systematically evaluated whether increased instructional intensity and resources meaningfully increase instructional effectiveness. As a preliminary attempt to address this research question, this study systematically evaluated the differential effectiveness of three intervention options that integrated the same instructional components but required varying levels of resources (i.e., teacher time for instructional delivery). To better isolate the research question, this study specifically evaluated interventions designed to improve students' reading fluency. Overall findings suggested that increased instructional intensity does not necessarily equate with increased instructional effectiveness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descriptive epidemiology of central nervous system germ cell tumors: nonpineal analysis

Central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCT) have not been epidemiologically well described. Our study describes 2 population-based series of nonpineal CNS GCT. Data on all primary (malignant and nonmalignant) CNS (ICD-O-3 sites: C70.0–C72.9, C75.1– C75.3) GCT diagnosed between 2000 and 2004 from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) and on all malignant GCT diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) were analyzed. Of 234 nonpineal GCT in CBTRUS, the most common site was brain, NOS (31.6%). Males had a greater frequency (59.7%) than females (40.3%). However, by age group, the male-to-female incidence rate ratio (IRR) differed: children (0–14 years) had an IRR of 1.1, young adults (15–29 years) an IRR of 2.3, and adults (aged 301) an IRR of 1.0. For children and young adults, most tumors were malignant (86.8% and 89.0%, respectively), whereas for adults, more than half were nonmalignant (56.8%). Germinoma was the most frequent diagnosis (61.5%). In SEER, the frequency of malignant GCT in the CNS (2.5%) was greater than that in the mediastinum (2.1%). Of 408 malignant CNS GCT, 216 (52.9%) were nonpineal. The male-to-female IRR was 1.5. Overall relative survival for nonpineal CNS malignant GCT was 85.3% at 2 years, 77.3% at 5 years, and 67.6% at 10 years. Previous studies of GCT that have not stratified by site have suggested greater gender disparity. Nonpineal CNS GCT show no significant gender preference, yet have outcomes similar to pineal GCT.
New formula for image reconstruction from projections by the 2-D paired transformation

To solve the problem of image reconstruction from projections, we describe an effective representation of the image by the paired transform which is a frequency and time representation of the image. We present a new effective formula for the inverse 2-D paired transform, which can be used for solving the algebraic system of equations with measurement data for image reconstruction without calculating the Fourier transforms. The image is reconstructed directly from the paired image-signals which can be calculated from projection data. A new concept of direction images is introduced, that define the decomposition of the image by directions. The proposed method of image reconstruction has been implemented and applied for modeled images of sizes up to 256 × 256.
Turner syndrome in childhood and adolescence

This article reviews current patterns of ascertainment, clinical characteristics and quality of care for girls with Turner syndrome, based on a cohort of 100 girls (aged 7-17 years) prospectively evaluated at the National Institute of Child Health since 2001. Approximately 25% were diagnosed prenatally or at birth owing to webbed neck and other features typical of fetal lymphedema, few were diagnosed during early childhood, with the majority undiagnosed until age 9 years or older. Major clinical features included thyroid autoimmunity (51%), congenital cardiovascular anomalies (44%), liver abnormalities (36%), hypertension (34%), hearing loss (30%) and renal anomalies (18%). Of the group, 75% were being or had been treated with growth hormone. These girls were an average of 5 cm taller and significantly less obese than the untreated group. We discuss new guidelines for the initiation of puberty and urgent research needed to promote the health and longevity of girls suffering from Turner syndrome as they become adults.
Isolated hepatic actinomycosis: a case report

Introduction: Actinomyces are slow growing, non-spore forming, gram-positive, branching bacilli that thrive in anaerobic and microareophilic conditions. Actinomyces are more commonly associated with oral and cervicofacial infections. Hepatic involvement in infections of the abdomen (known as isolated hepatic actinomycosis) is rare, accounting for only 5% of all cases of actinomycosis. Case presentation: We present the case of a 75-year-old Caucasian woman with a 3-month history of night sweats, fever, chills, abdominal bloating, anorexia, weight-loss, and early satiety. The patient was found to have isolated hepatic actinomycosis infection after undergoing a laparotomy with a biopsy of the liver. The patient has now recovered. Conclusion: Isolated hepatic actinomycosis is a rare and often overlooked etiology for a liver mass. Given its subacute presentation and nondescript symptomatology, physicians should be aware of this differential and the potential pitfalls in diagnosis and management.
Experiences with hybrid clusters

The complexity of modern microprocessor design involving billions of transistors at increasingly denser scales creates many challenges particularly in the area of design reliability and predictable yields. Researchers at IBM's Austin Research Lab have increasingly depended on software based simulation of various aspects of the design and manufacturing process to help address these challenges. The computational complexity and sheer scale of these simulations have lead to the exploration of the application of high-performance hybrid computing clusters to accelerate the design process. Currently, the hybrid clusters in use are composed primarily of commodity workstations and servers incorporating commodity NVIDIA-based GPU graphics cards and TESLA GPU computational accelerators. We have also been experimenting with blade clusters composed of both general purpose servers and PowerXcell accelerators leveraging the computational throughput of the Cell processor. In this paper we will detail our experiences with accelerating our workloads on these hybrid cluster platforms. We will discuss our initial approach of combining hybrid runtimes such as CUDA with MPI to address cluster computation. We will also describe a custom cluster hybrid infrastructure we are developing to deal with some of the perceived shortcomings of MPI and other traditional cluster tools when dealing with hybrid computing environments.
A simplified signed powers-of-two conversion for multiplierless adaptive filters

A simplified binary to signed-powers-of-two (SPT) conversion circuit for multiplierless adaptive filters is presented. The proposed conversion algorithm does not have a carry propagate chain, which is inherent in conventional SPT conversion algorithms that give minimal representation. The proposed algorithm a therefore highly suitable for use in high-speed systems. The numbers representable by our proposed conversion algorithm are only slightly fewer than those representable by the optimal SPT conversion. For adaptive filtering applications, due to the adaptive nature of the coefficients, the performance of the filters employing our proposed and the optimal SPT conversion is comparable. This is verified with simulation results for two examples.
C/EBPα Regulates Formation of S-Phase-Specific E2F-p107 Complexes in Livers of Newborn Mice

We previously showed that the rate of hepatocyte proliferation in livers from newborn C/EBPalpha knockout mice was increased. An examination of cell cycle-related proteins showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 level was reduced in the knockout animals compared to that in wild-type littermates. Here we show additional cell cycle-associated proteins that are affected by C/EBPalpha. We have observed that C/EBPalpha controls the composition of E2F complexes through interaction with the retinoblastoma (Rb)-like protein, p107, during prenatal liver development. S-phase-specific E2F complexes containing E2F, DP, cdk2, cyclin A, and p107 are observed in the developing liver. In wild-type animals these complexes disappear by day 18 of gestation and are no longer present in the newborn animals. In the C/EBPalpha mutant, the S-phase-specific complexes do not diminish and persist to birth. The elevation of levels of the S-phase-specific E2F-p107 complexes in C/EBPalpha knockout mice correlates with the increased expression of several E2F-dependent genes such as those that encode cyclin A, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and p107. The C/EBPalpha-mediated regulation of E2F binding is specific, since the deletion of another C/EBP family member, C/EBPbeta, does not change the pattern of E2F binding during prenatal liver development. The addition of bacterially expressed, purified His-C/EBPalpha to the E2F binding reaction resulted in the disruption of E2F complexes containing p107 in nuclear extracts from C/EBPalpha knockout mouse livers. Ectopic expression of C/EBPalpha in cultured cells also leads to a reduction of E2F complexes containing Rb family proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses revealed an interaction of C/EBPalpha with p107 but none with cdk2, E2F1, or cyclin A. A region of C/EBPalpha that has sequence similarity to E2F is sufficient for the disruption of the E2F-p107 complexes. Despite its role as a DNA binding protein, C/EBPalpha brings about a change in E2F complex composition through a protein-protein interaction. The disruption of E2F-p107 complexes correlates with C/EBPalpha-mediated growth arrest of hepatocytes in newborn animals.
Sample Selection Bias Correction for Missing Response Observations

I. INTRODUCTION Missing data can pose a significant problem when the goal is to understand the behavior of all subjects rather than just the ones with complete data. Often researchers simply have ignored missing data with the hope the data are missing at random (see Rubin (1976), Kmenta and Balestra (1986)). Unfortunately, data frequently are missing in a nonignorable manner, and that can lead to substantial distortions when only complete data are used. Guttman and Menzefricke (1983) have estimated models with the complete data and then used the estimated models to impute the missing data. Bhat (1994) uses a bivariate normal error structure where one dimension measures willingness to report income and the other dimension is a latent measure of the log of income. His analysis is strictly for ordered response
Characterization of tyrosinase from the cap flesh of portabella mushrooms.

Tyrosinase, purified from the cap flesh tissue of portabella mushrooms, was characterized with regard to its physical and biochemical properties. A native molecular size of 41 kDa for the enzyme was obtained by size exclusion chromatography, whereas SDS−PAGE indicated that the enzyme contained a single subunit with a size of ∼48 kDa under reduced and nonreduced conditions. The purified enzyme showed a single immunological cross-reacting protein after Western blotting when probed with antibodies against Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated that the enzyme preparation, apparently homogeneous by electrophoresis, still contained three isoforms of pI 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3. The purified enzyme was able to oxidize a variety of mono-, di-, and triphenolic compounds. An apparent Km of 5 mM was obtained using catechol as the substrate, and an apparent Km of 9 mM was found using l-Dopa as a substrate. Ascorbic acid, kojic acid, tropolone, mercaptobenzothiazole, and salicylhydroxamic acid inhib...
Attenuation of HIV-1 replication in macrophages by cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists.

Infiltrating monocytes and macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of HIV-1 infection in the CNS. Previous studies showed that activation of the CB2 can attenuate inflammatory responses and affect HIV-1 infectivity in T cells and microglia. Here, we report that CB2 agonists can also act as immunomodulators on HIV-1-infected macrophages. First, our findings indicated the presence of elevated levels of CB2 expression on monocytes/macrophages in perivascular cuffs of postmortem HIV-1 encephalitic cases. In vitro analysis by FACS of primary human monocytes revealed a step-wise increase in CB2 surface expression in monocytes, MDMs, and HIV-1-infected MDMs. We next tested the notion that up-regulation of CB2 may allow for the use of synthetic CB2 agonist to limit HIV-1 infection. Two commercially available CB2 agonists, JWH133 and GP1a, and a resorcinol-based CB2 agonist, O-1966, were evaluated. Results from measurements of HIV-1 RT activity in the culture media of 7 day-infected cells showed a significant decrease in RT activity when the CB2 agonist was present. Furthermore, CB2 activation also partially inhibited the expression of HIV-1 pol. CB2 agonists did not modulate surface expression of CXCR4 or CCR5 detected by FACS. We speculate that these findings indicate that prevention of viral entry is not a central mechanism for CB2-mediated suppression in viral replication. However, CB2 may affect the HIV-1 replication machinery. Results from a single-round infection with the pseudotyped virus revealed a marked decrease in HIV-1 LTR activation by the CB2 ligands. Together, these results indicate that CB2 may offer a means to limit HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
Motion estimation on driver video data

In this paper, we analyze driver behaviour from video data of the driver taken as he or she drives the vehicle. An optical flow-based motion estimation is used to determine when the driver changes pose. The proposed motion analysis is tested on a video sequence of an actual driver. The results indicate that the motion estimation can, with probability 80%, correctly detect pose transitions. Experimental results are given which relate the probability of correct detection to the number of false detections.
Measurement of Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate with a Lagrangian Float

Abstract This study tests the ability of a neutrally buoyant float to estimate the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy e from its vertical acceleration spectrum using an inertial subrange method. A Lagrangian float was equipped with a SonTek acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), which measured the vector velocity 1 m below the float's center, and a pressure sensor, which measured the float's depth. Measurements were taken in flows where estimates of e varied from 10−8 to 10−3 W kg−1. Previous observational and theoretical studies conclude that the Lagrangian acceleration spectrum is white within the inertial subrange with a level proportional to e. The size of the Lagrangian float introduces a highly reproducible spectral attenuation at high frequencies. Estimates of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy using float measurements efloat were obtained by fitting the observed spectra to a model spectrum that included the attenuation effect. The ADV velocity measurements were converted to a ...
'If We are Wrong...The Courts Will Correct It': Position-Taking, Judicial Review, and Legislative Voting

In this paper, I argue that the institution of judicial review affects the decision calculus of legislative voters by reducing the expected utility of supporting a legislative proposal with respect to policy change, while leaving the position taking value of legislation intact. I develop this argument through formal theoretical models of legislative decision making, and I test the predictions of these models empirically by analyzing a series votes cast in the United States Congress surrounding the issue of flag burning in 1989 and 1990. Observed patterns of voting across these legislative proposals support the models’ comparative predictions.
Promoters of the mammalian class III alcohol dehydrogenase genes.

Class III ADHs are not saturable with ethanol as substrate; long chain alcohols and ω-hydroxyfatty acids are better substrates (Pares and Vallee, 1981; Wagner et al., 1984; Kaiser et al., 1988; Giri et al., 1989b). These ADHs also function as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenases (FDH), as shown by Koivusalo et. al. (1989). Class III ADH, in contrast to the other ADH classes, is expressed in virtually all tissues (Adinolfi et al., 1984; Seeley et al., 1984; Duley et al, 1985; Holmes et al., 1986b; Holmes et al., 1986a; Julia et al., 1987; Edenberg, 1991). The amount of expression is higher in liver and kidney than in other tissues (Adinolfi et al., 1984; Seeley et al., 1984; Duley et al., 1985; Holmes et al., 1986b; Holmes et al., 1986a; Julia et al., 1987; Hur et al., 1992). The class III alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) have been highly conserved during evolution, suggesting important roles in cellular metabolism (Sharma et al., 1989; Giri et al., 1989a; Edenberg et al., 1991; Hur et al., 1992; Gutheil et al., 1992).
Shape Dependence of Holographic Rényi Entropy in Conformal Field Theories.

We develop a framework for studying the well-known universal term in the Renyi entropy for an arbitrary entangling region in four-dimensional conformal field theories that are holographically dual to gravitational theories. The shape dependence of the Renyi entropy S_{n} is described by two coefficients: f_{b}(n) for traceless extrinsic curvature deformations and f_{c}(n) for Weyl tensor deformations. We provide the first calculation of the coefficient f_{b}(n) in interacting theories by relating it to the stress tensor one-point function in a deformed hyperboloid background. The latter is then determined by a straightforward holographic calculation. Our results show that a previous conjecture f_{b}(n)=f_{c}(n), motivated by surprising evidence from a variety of free field theories and studies of conical defects, fails holographically.
Inadequate voltage control in the assessment of voltage stability conditions

Inadequate voltage control occurs when the controlling variable and controlled voltage of a control device are inversely related (i.e., not related in the usual way), potentially adversely affecting the system voltage level. This special situation can be identified by analyzing the elements of a sensitivity matrix constructed to show the relationship between the system control variables. Analysis of these elements not only allows the adequacy or otherwise of voltage control actions to be determined, but also helps to identify any conflict between controls that could, if not addressed, limit the possibilities for voltage control in the system. Furthermore, once the problem of the inadequacy of voltage control actions for a particular operating point has been identified, its impact on voltage stability conditions can be determined by calculating assessment indexes.
An Analysis Method of AC-AC Direct Converters by Using Switch Matrix

This paper proposes an analysis method of AC-AC direct converters which are Matrix converter et, al.. The proposed analysis method, is described by a switch matrix and instantaneous space vectors of the input voltage and the output voltage, is uniformly able to analyze the characteristics of the AC-AC direct converters, because the output voltage range and the controllability of input current are clearly defined. In addition, a novel circuit was invented by using the proposed analysis method. The novel circuit, called Delta converter, realizes VVCF operation and high input power factor regardless of load power factor.In this paper, the proposed analysis method is applied to five types of the AC-AC direct converters and the features of each circuits are compared and discussed.
Closed Loop Fluid.

In the course of work previously reported1 on closed loops of small intestine, observations were made upon the nature of the fluid aspirated from the distended loop after complete recovery of the animal. While a closed loop may not show any accumulated fluid for weeks at a time it may at intervals become filled with fluid, which must be aspirated to prevent distension and necrosis of the loop. This fluid is gray in color and has a specific gravity of 1.012 (average of 108 specimens).The reaction, determined by the quinhydron electrode, varied within relatively wide limits: 47 jejunal loop specimens gave an average pH of 7.5 with extremes of 9.0 and 6.3; 51 ileal loop specimens gave an average of 7.7 with extremes of 9.0 and 6.2. All determinations were made immediately after withdrawing the fluid.In testing for enzymes the following substrates were used: 1% sucrase solution, 5% peptone and olive oil. The sucrase activity was estimated by determining the amount of reducing sugars by the Schaffer-Hartman me...
Abstract 4193: Identification of a novel SIRT1/FEN1 interaction and their regulation by karyopherins

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The structure-specific flap endonuclease 1 (FEN-1) is a multifunctional enzyme that participates in various activities such as DNA replication, DNA repair and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Several mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, sub-cellular compartmentalization and posttranslational modifications have been proposed to explain how FEN1 accomplishes these various activities. For example, the C-terminus of FEN1 has been shown to be acetylated by the histone acetyl transferase protein (HAT) p300 which is known to result in a significant reduction in the DNA binding and nuclease activities of FEN1. We now demonstrate that the NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase SIRT1 physically interacts with FEN1 and that the opposing deacetylation by SIRT1 subsequently restores the endonuclease activity of FEN1. Moreover, clonogenicity experiments suggest that genetic knockdown of FEN1 or SIRT1 in cancer cells sensitizes those cells to irradiation treatment. This is of significance as it has been observed that increased SIRT1 levels protect mice from irradiation-induced cancer. Furthermore, we have also identified two nuclear shuttling proteins, Karyopherin α2 and Karyopherin β1 as interacting partners of both SIRT1 and FEN1. Using mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation combined with subsequent western-blot analysis and confocal microscopy we demonstrate that, under basal conditions, a significant amount of both SIRT1 and FEN1 is located in the cytoplasm of cells. However, after induction of DNA damage by the methylating agent MMS, Karyopherin α2 and Karyopherin β1 mediate the translocation of SIRT1 and FEN1 into the nucleus in a time dependent manner. In summary we describe a novel interaction between SIRT1 and FEN1, demonstrate that acetylation/deacetylation regulates FEN1 activity and that the Karyopherins α2 and β1 mediate the nuclear import of SIRT1 and FEN1 following DNA damage. Our results suggest that inhibiting the nuclear import or activation of FEN1 or SIRT1 could represent potential anticancer strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4193. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4193
Fast Judgment of Voltage Stability Based on Multi-index Weighted Method for Wind Generation of Grid-connected System

This paper proposes an optimal mean power function index based on the weighted multi-index method for wind generation of grid-connected system.It combines the index of Jacobian matrix mutual condition number with the index of sensitivity inverse matrix elements.The power n1、n2 are obtained by the self program.The EPRI-36 node test system and a regional power grid containing large wind farms are selected to test the validity of the proposed index.The results show that this index has a shorter calculation time and accurate prediction compared to the traditional voltage stability indexes.It is available to predict the voltage stability of wind generation of grid-connected system under lighter load and provide a new theoretical method to analyze the voltage stability.
The actuality of government intervention in land-losing peasants′employment in the perspective of urbanization

With the accelerated urbanization process accompanied by the in-depth reform of China,a large amount of rural land has been expropriated,which spawned an increasing number of land-losing peasants.Main plight of these peasants is employment problem that directly influence their income and living standards;and this issue has been causing widespread concern.In the perspective of social equity,government should play an active role and assume primary responsibility for providing social support for land-losing peasants' employment.This paper indicates the urgency and necessity of government in solving the employment problem for land-losing peasants,then analyzes the problems and difficulties in their employment process,and finally proposes countermeasures and suggestions against this problem from the aspect of government intervention.
A language-based model for specifying and staging mixed-initiative dialogs

Specifying and implementing flexible human-computer dialogs, such as those used in kiosks, is complex because of the numerous and varied directions in which each user might steer a dialog. The objective of this research is to improve dialog specification and implementation. To do so we developed a model for specifying and staging mixed-initiative dialogs. The model involves a dialog authoring notation, based on concepts from programming languages, for specifying a variety of unsolicited reporting, mixed-initiative dialogs in a concise representation that serves as a design for dialog implementation. Guided by this foundation, we built a dialog staging engine which operationalizes dialogs specified in this notation. The model, notation, and engine help automate the engineering of mixed-initiative dialog systems. These results also provide a proof-of-concept for dialog specification and implementation from the perspective of theoretical programming languages. The ubiquity of dialogs in domains such as travel, education, and health care with the increased use of interactive voice-response systems and virtual environments provide a fertile landscape for further investigation of these results.
Availability and Danish Energy Policy

The availability of energy fuels and services to those who need them is a prerequisite for other energy justice concerns. Without a supply of energy in sufficient quantity and quality, achieving other justice goals such as equity or responsibility is impossible. After justifying availability as a central justice principle, this chapter articulates how dependence on foreign suppliers as well as blackouts and unreliable energy infrastructure threaten availability. It examines the case of Denmark, which has relied upon a progression and variety of policy mechanisms such as energy taxes, research subsidies, and feed-in tariffs to promote energy efficiency, combined heat and power, and wind energy.1
Chimeric Immunoreceptor (T-Body) Targeting of Acute B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) through Lentivirus Engineering of Primary Human T Cells.

T-bodies that combine the antigen recognition capability of single chain antibody molecules (scFv) with the signal transduction domains of activating receptors can be used to generate T cells with novel, engineered specificities independent of their endogenous TCR. We have developed a series of T-bodies with specificity towards CD19, a molecule with expression that appears restricted to normal and malignant B cells. These T-bodies contain the activating signals from the costimulatory T cell receptors, CD28 and/or 4-1BB, in tandem with the TCR-ζ signal transduction domain. Using lentiviral gene transfer and T cells expansion via bead-immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, we can generate T cells 95% of which express the T-bodies. Lentiviral transduction combined with this efficient T cell expansion system has the potential to produce >10 11 antigen-specific T cells without the need for a cell selection step. Interestingly, we have noted significant constitutive signaling effects of T-body overexpression on transduced T cells that may been overlooked previously due to lower transduction efficiency. Despite the observed constitutive effects, we show that lentiviral-engineered T cells expressing anti-CD19 T bodies efficiently kill CD19 expressing cell lines and primary B-ALL cells in an antigen-specific manner. T-body engineered T cells also produce cytokines in response to antigen triggering with different patterns of cytokine production by T cells engineered with different T-bodies. In particular, a T-body receptor containing the 4-1BB signal transduction domain combined with the TCR-ζ domain stimulates a >6-fold increase in IL-6 production compared with other receptor combinations in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, a CD28 and TCR-ζ domain containing T body uniquely enhances IL-2 (>3-fold) and TNF-α (> 7-fold) secretion by CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that the functional characteristics of our tested T-body signaling constructs are distinct and depend upon the particular receptor and T cell subset combination. We are also comparing the anti-tumor response generated by adoptively transferred T-body engineered T cells in leukemia bearing immunodeficient mice as a pre-clinical, therapeutic model. In addition to elucidating important functional differences of our lentiviral constructs, these studies indicate that an important variable in clinical trials will be optimizing the cytosolic signaling domain for the desired T cell subset. The present results suggest that distinct combinatorial signaling domains may be required for optimal function in CD4 and CD8 engineered T cells.
Equivalent random method

The results described in previous sections can be used as input to a variety of telephone network models in which various trunk lines are used as possible overflow channels for other trunk lines. We will consider here only one of the more popular examples.
Localization of Smooth Muscle Myosin-Containing Cells in the Aqueous Outflow Pathway

Cells containing smooth muscle myosin were localized in the human aqueous outflow pathway by immunohistochemical techniques. In the majority of eyes, immunoreactive cells were observed adjacent to the collector channels and slightly distal to the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. In a few eyes, smooth muscle myosin was localized to cells in the juxtacanalicular tissue and the trabecular meshwork. The immunoreactive cells from these regions may be true smooth muscle cells or pericytes, which can contain smooth muscle myosin. No obvious differences were observed in the pattern of distribution of smooth muscle myosin-containing cells in a comparison of age groups. In the majority of eyes, we observed an apparent direct insertion of the longitudinal portion of the ciliary muscle in the corneoscleral meshwork far internal to the scleral spur. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:347-353,1990 Previous studies have shown the presence of actincontaining smooth muscle-like cells in the human aqueous humor outflow pathway, specifically in the trabecular meshwork and adjacent to the outer wall of Schlemm's canal. 1 ' 2 However, unequivocal evidence that these cells were smooth muscle cells was lacking in these studies, which used actin probes or ultrastructural criteria. Smooth muscle-like cells have been identified in the aqueous humor outflow pathway by ultrastructural methods in the rat 3 and rabbit, 4 " 6 adjacent to the outer wall of Schlemm's canal and at the entrance of the collector channels. In the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), bundles of circumferentially oriented smooth muscle-like cells were detected by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the outer and posterior part of the trabecular meshwork near Schlemm's canal. 7 Smooth muscle is found in the ciliary body of the human eye, but it has been reported to end at the scleral spur and not to extend into the trabecular meshwork or distal to the collector channels. 8 ' 9 In the
Eary Signs of Tourette’s Syndrome

The early course of tics and behavioral disturbances in 101 children with Tourette’s syndrome, aged 12 years (range, 8 to 21 years), are reported from the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY.
The correlation of package coplanarity and reflow warpage to SMT

Flip Chip Ball Grid Array (FCBGA) package with large silicon chip and package size typically exhibits high warpage and coplanarity. Many percieved that such package design faced surface mount technology (SMT) challenges. In this study, the warpage characteristic and the SMT validation for such large package was investigated. A hybrid methodology utilizing both numerical and empirical data to predict the coplanarity of this package is presented. SMT validation was performed on range of coplanarity to demonstrate the process robustness together with solder joint reliability (SJR) data. With all the studies, the correlation between package room temperature coplanarity and reflow warpage has been established without comprising SMT quality and SJR performance. In the end, an improved FCBGA coplanarity specification limit has been defined and aligned with the Alternate Warpage Specification in JEDEC standard.
Oral Tranexamic Acid Reduces Transfusions in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces intraoperative blood loss and transfusions in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Although numerous studies demonstrate the efficacy of intravenous and topical TXA in these patients, few demonstrate the effectiveness and appropriate dosing recommendations of oral formulations. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate differences in transfusion requirements in patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty with either no TXA (n = 866), a single-dose of oral TXA (n = 157), or both preoperative and postoperative oral TXA (n = 1049). Secondary outcomes included postoperative hemoglobin drop, total units transfused, length of stay, drain output, and cell salvage volume. Results Transfusion rates decreased from 15.4% in the no-oral tranexamic acid (OTA) group to 9.6% in the single-dose OTA group (P Conclusion OTA reduces transfusions, with greater ease of administration and improved cost-effectiveness relative to other forms of delivery.
11. Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Esophageal Achalasia

The first minimally invasive myotomy for achalasia was performed in the USA in 1991, through a left thoracoscopic approach. This minimally invasive operation eventually evolved into a laparoscopic myotomy with a partial fundoplication. The high success rate of this operation has eventually brought a shift in practice, as surgery has gradually become the preferred treatment modality for most gastroenterologists and surgeons.
Stability of Dynamical Systems with Circulatory Forces: Generalization of the Merkin Theorem

This paper develops a general result on the stability of undamped linear multi-degree-of-freedom systems that are subjected to potential and circulatory forces. The result is a generalization of Merkin’s celebrated result on flutter instability in stable potential systems that are subjected to circulatory disturbances. Merkin’s result appears as a special case of the generalization obtained herein.
Diet and Fertility: A Review

The literature on the relationship between diet and human fertility has greatly expanded over the last decade, resulting in the identification of a few clear patterns. Intake of supplemental folic acid, particularly at doses higher than those recommended for the prevention of neural tube defects, has been consistently related to lower frequency of infertility, lower risk of pregnancy loss, and greater success in infertility treatment. On the other hand and despite promising evidence from animal models, vitamin D does not appear to exert an important role in human fertility in the absence of deficiency. Antioxidant supplementation does not appear to offer any benefits to women undergoing infertility treatment, but it appears to be beneficial when it is the male partner who is supplemented. However, the available evidence does not allow discerning which specific antioxidants, or at which doses, are responsible for this benefit. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids appear to improve female fertility, although it remains unclear to what extent contamination of shared food sources, such as fish with high levels of environmental toxicants, can dampen this benefit. Lastly, adherence to healthy diets favoring seafood, poultry, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are related to better fertility in women and better semen quality in men. The cumulative evidence has also piled against popular hypotheses. Dairy and soy, once proposed as reproductive toxicants, have not been consistently related to poor fertility. In fact, soy and soy supplements appear to exert a beneficial effect among women undergoing infertility treatment. Similarly, because data from large, high-quality studies continue to accumulate, the evidence of a potentially deleterious effect of moderate alcohol and caffeine intake on the ability to become pregnant seems less solid than it once did. While a complete picture of the role of nutrition on fertility is far from complete, much progress has been made. The most salient gaps in the current evidence include jointly considering female and male diets and testing the most consistent findings in randomized trials.
SP0070 News from omeract – imaging and more

Objective In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MRI provides earlier detection of structural damage than radiography (X-ray) and more sensitive detection of intra-articular inflammation than clinical examination. This analysis was designed to evaluate the ability of early MRI findings to predict subsequent structural damage by X-ray. Methods Pooled data from four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1022 RA hands and wrists in early and established RA were analysed. X-rays were scored using van der Heijde-modified or Genant-modified Sharp methods. MRIs were scored using Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) RA MRI Score (RAMRIS). Data were analysed at the patient level using multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results Progression of MRI erosion scores at Weeks 12 and 24 predicted progression of X-ray erosions at Weeks 24 and 52, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.64 and 0.74, respectively. 12-week and 24-week changes in MRI osteitis scores were similarly predictive of 24- week and 52-week X-ray erosion progressions; pooled AUCs were 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. MRI changes in synovitis at Weeks 12 and 24 also predicted progression of X-ray joint damage (erosion and joint-spacenarrowing) at Weeks 24 and 52 (AUCs=0.72 and 0.65, respectively). Conclusions Early changes in joint damage and inflammation detected with MRI predict changes in joint damage evident on subsequent X-rays. These findings support the use of MRI as a valid method for monitoring structural damage in short-duration RCTs. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Desizing of starch sized cotton fabrics with atmospheric pressure plasma

Atmospheric pressure plasma is examined as a desizing agent for starch-sized cotton samples. Plasma treatment is examined both for its physical etching properties and for its ability to induce desizing of the starch during a scouring bath. The effect of the plasma gas composition and plasma exposure duration are evaluated. A 2-min helium/oxygen plasma is found to be the only condition that appears to improve desizing of starch.