cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Afropoiesis: Towards a Multicultural Consumer Interface in Cyberspace

This paper presents a model for introducing an African American cultural presence into the emerging electronic marketplace. The author addresses three dominant themes; (1) symbolic consumption, (2) ethnic segmentation, and (3) the relevance of African American ethnic values and esthetics in electronically mediated environments. The proposed model draws from the fields of semiotics, computer science, communication, psychology, sociology, philosophy, art, as well as marketing.
Abstract 11584: Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion for Prevention of Stroke in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of thromboembolic stroke. When anticoagulation for stroke prevention is contraindicated, left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) may be performed. Studies of LAAO have been limited by their small size, disparate patient populations, and lack of control group. To better understand the value of LAAO for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism, we performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of LAAO in non-valvular AF. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed of the safety and efficacy of LAAO in comparison with standard therapy for stroke prevention in non-valvular AF using random-effects modeling. Because only one trial had a control group comparing the efficacy of LAAO to standard therapy (warfarin), large outcomes data of stroke prevention were used to produce a hypothetical control group based on clinical variables in the individual studies (CHADS2 score). Results were stratified according to LAAO device type. Results: We identified 16 studies with a total of 1759 patients receiving LAAO. Summary estimates demonstrate LAAO reduced risk of stroke in comparison with no therapy or aspirin therapy (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.25-0.46) and in comparison with warfarin therapy (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.91, Figure). Summary estimates differed based on the study used to derive the hypothetical control group. Device deployment was unsuccessful in 6.1% of patients and overall complication rate was 7.1%. Efficacy and safety were similar across LAAO device type (Watchman, Plaato, Amplatzer cardiac plug, and Lariat). There was no significant heterogeneity between studies using the Cochrane Q statistic or the I2 index. Conclusions: Our data suggest that LAAO is a reasonable alternative to anticoagulation therapy. Data was limited with the use of most available devices. To better establish the risk and benefit of LAAO in comparison with standard therapy, more randomized controlled trials are necessary. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Hypoplasia of the mandible (Pierre Robin syndrome) with complete cleft palate

Abstract An infant, presenting all the signs and symptoms of the syndrome described by Pierre Robin, had a precarious existence but showed an unusual tenacity for life. She failed to respond to conservative measures. Perhaps tracheotomy might have been indicated but this was not attempted.
Matrix elements relevant for Delta I = 1/2 rule and epsilon-prime / epsilon from lattice QCD with staggered fermions

We perform a study of matrix elements relevant for the Delta I=1/2 rule and the direct CP-violation parameter epsilon-prime from first principles by computer simulation in Lattice QCD. We use staggered (Kogut-Susskind) fermions, and employ the chiral perturbation theory method for studying K to 2 Pi decays. Having obtained a reasonable statistical accuracy, we observe an enhancement of the Delta I=1/2 amplitude, consistent with experiment within our large systematic errors. Finite volume and quenching effects have been studied and were found small compared to noise. The estimates of epsilon-prime are hindered by large uncertainties associated with operator matching. In this paper we explain the simulation method, present the results and address the systematic uncertainties.
Linguistic Anthropology in 2013: Super‐New‐Big

In this essay, I discuss how linguistic anthropological scholarship in 2013 has been increasingly confronted by the concepts of “superdiversity,” “new media,” and “big data.” As the “super-new-big” purports to identify a contemporary moment in which we are witnessing unprecedented change, I interrogate the degree to which these concepts rely on assumptions about “reality” as natural state versus ideological production. I consider how the super-new-big invites us to scrutinize various reconceptualizations of diversity (is it super?), media (is it new?), and data (is it big?), leaving us to inevitably contemplate each concept's implicitly invoked opposite: “regular diversity,” “old media,” and “small data.” In the section on “diversity,” I explore linguistic anthropological scholarship that examines how notions of difference continue to be entangled in projects of the nation-state, the market economy, and social inequality. In the sections on “media” and “data,” I consider how questions about what constitutes linguistic anthropological data and methodology are being raised and addressed by research that analyzes new and old technologies, ethnographic material, semiotic forms, scale, and ontology. I conclude by questioning the extent to which it is the super-new-big itself or the contemplation about the super-new-big that produces perceived change in the world.
Evaluation of niobium as candidate electrode material for dc high voltage photoelectron guns

The field emission characteristics of niobium electrodes were compared to those of stainless steel electrodes using a DC high voltage field emission test apparatus. A total of eight electrodes were evaluated: two 304 stainless steel electrodes polished to mirror-like finish with diamond grit and six niobium electrodes (two single-crystal, two large-grain, and two fine-grain) that were chemically polished using a buffered-chemical acid solution. Upon the first application of high voltage, the best large-grain and single-crystal niobium electrodes performed better than the best stainless steel electrodes, exhibiting less field emission at comparable voltage and field strength. In all cases, field emission from electrodes (stainless steel and/or niobium) could be significantly reduced and sometimes completely eliminated, by introducing krypton gas into the vacuum chamber while the electrode was biased at high voltage. Of all the electrodes tested, a large-grain niobium electrode performed the best, exhibiting no measurable field emission (< 10 pA) at 225 kV with 20 mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to a field strength of 18:7 MV/m.
The prenatal development of the human first upper permanent molar

Abstract A description of development of M1 based on thirty-nine specimens dissected from human foetuses. At each stage, the mesiobuccal part of the crown is most advanced, the distolingual part least so; the protocone and metacone develop nearly together. Cusps and ridges, at first rounded, become increasingly acute up to the time of their calcification. Epithelial downgrowths delimiting root openings are formed early in development. The distal part of the crown is at first narrow and increases in relative width during development. The main cusps spread apart and the crown increasingly overhangs the root openings. Comparison is made with molars of lower primates, and the application of the Recapitulation Theory is discussed.
Oscillations in radioactive exponential decay

Several older and recent reports provided evidence for the oscillatory character of the exponential decay law in radioactive decay and attempted to explain it with basic physics. We show here that the measured effects observed in some of the cases, namely in the decay of 226Ra, 32Si in equilibrium, and 36Cl, can be explained with the temperature variations.
Stabilization of Pluronic P-105 Micelles with an Interpenetrating Network of N,N-Diethylacrylamide

N,N-Diethylacrylamide (NNDEA) was polymerized in the presence of Pluronic P-105 micelles. The polymerizations resulted in an interpenetrating network of poly(NNDEA) and P-105 that stabilized the micelles at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration of free P-105. The NNDEA was cross-linked with N,N‘-bis(acryoyl)cystamine (BAC), and the degree of micellar stability was determined using dynamic light scattering and the fluorescent probe diphenylhexatriene (DPH). The increased micellar stability was not permanent and disappeared over a time period of days to weeks.
Analgesia for colposcopy: double-masked, randomized comparison of ibuprofen and benzocaine gel.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate pain relief effectiveness of oral ibuprofen and topical benzocaine gel during colposcopy. Methods: In a double-masked, randomized controlled trial, women who attended a family medicine colposcopy clinic received one of four treatments, 800 mg of oral ibuprofen, 20% topical benzocaine, both, or placebos. Using visual analog scales, women recorded their pain after speculum placement, endocervical curettage (ECC), and cervical biopsy. Participants were 18–55 years old, spoke English, and were not taking other pain or psychotropic medications. Demographic and historical information was collected from each participant. Results: Ninety-nine subjects participated. Twenty-five received oral ibuprofen and topical benzocaine (median pain scores on a 10-point scale for speculum placement, ECC, and biopsy were 0.75, 3.00, and 3.38, respectively), 24 received oral placebo and topical benzocaine (1.00, 3.75, and 2.63), 24 received oral ibuprofen and topical placebo (0.63, 3.75, and 2.25), and 26 received oral and topical placebos (0.75, 3.50, and 3.00). There were no statistically significant differences in patient visual analogue pain scale scores across the four groups (statistical power, ECC = 0.74, cervical biopsy = 0.62). Younger women and women who had pain with speculum placement were more likely to have increased pain during ECC. Increased pain during biopsy was associated with history of severe dysmenorrhea but no other demographic or historical factors. Women overall reported ECC and biopsy to be mildly painful, with median scores of 3.5 for ECC and 2.75 for biopsy on a 10-point scale. The range in pain scores was large, with some women reporting severe pain (for ECC minimum = 0.25, maximum = 10.0; biopsy: minimum = 0.0, maximum = 9.0). Conclusion: Colposcopy is perceived as somewhat painful, but oral ibuprofen and topical benzocaine gel, alone or together, provided no advantage over placebo in decreasing colposcopy pain.
Role of the Physician Versus the Patient in the Detection of Recurrent Disease Following Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer

Objectives/Hypothesis: Objective evidence supporting current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines regarding surveillance of patients treated for head and neck cancer is presently lacking. The study examines the relative role of current surveillance methods on disease detection in this patient population. Study Design: Prospective nonrandomized study. Methods: Clinical information was prospectively collected in a standardized format during 3645 encounters with patients with head and neck cancer over an 18-month period. Data pertaining to visit history, symptom history, patient findings, physician findings, and disease status for each encounter were reviewed. Results: Of 3645 visits, disease recurrence or new primary tumor was documented in 180 encounters (5%). Salvage therapy was thought to be feasible in at least 65% of cases. Of these 180 recurrences or new primaries, there were 142 patients (79%) who had identified new symptoms or physical findings, or both, before the physician's examination. Most commonly reported was the presence of a neck mass (38%), progressive pain (27%), or other visible lesion or ulcer (14%). Patients with recurrence represented nearly 40% of all patients reporting new symptoms or findings (142 of 367). Conversely, recurrence was rare in the absence of reported symptoms or findings (1.2%). Surprisingly, despite patients reporting new symptoms or findings, physician evaluation most commonly occurred at the patient's routine surveillance visit rather than an earlier time point (104 of 142 [73%]). Conclusion: Self-diagnosis of recurrent or new primary disease is extremely common by virtue of symptoms or findings noted by patients before interaction with the clinician. However, presence of symptoms or findings did not motivate the patients to seek earlier medical attention. In the absence of such symptoms, physician diagnosis of recurrence is uncommon. Given the significant social and economic impact involved in surveillance of patients with head and neck cancer, further prospective study to optimize the method and frequency of this type of clinical activity is warranted and planned.
Novel mismatch compensation methods for rate-integrating gyroscopes

We propose two new controls to improve the performance of rate-integrating MEMS gyroscopes (RIGs). The first control loop dynamically determines and compensates for damping mismatch by creating a force on the gyroscope to oppose the apparent force due to damping mismatch. The second control loop extends this concept to frequency mismatch to eliminate residual quadrature which would otherwise accumulate due to lag in the control system. The proposed control loops have been investigated using simulation results from a non-ideal gyroscope including frequency and damping mismatch as well as control delay and capacitive feed-through. Experimental results of the controls being applied to a MEMS rate-integrating gyroscope are also presented. In simulation, the controls can reduce the drift in a gyroscope by better than two orders of magnitude. In a physical gyroscope, the mismatch parameters do not match the normal first order model, however RMS drift is reduced by 25%.
Evolutionary genomics: Codon volatility does not detect selection (reply)

Plotkin et al. reply - The criticisms of our results1 by Hahn et al.2, Nielsen and Hubisz 3, and Chen , Emerson and Martin4 fall into three categories: the formal justification for our method, the potential for confounding factors, and the interpretation of our empirical results.
Process Research on [(2S)-(3-Fluorophenyl)-(1S)-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran- 2-yl)ethyl]carbamic Acid tert-Butyl Ester, a Lactone Intermediate for an Aspartyl Protease Inhibitor

Two processes for the preparation of lactone [2S-(3-fluorophenyl)-1S-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1 starting from S-BOC-(3-fluorophenyl)alanine 3 are described. (S)-(3-Fluorophenyl)alanine N-methyl-N-methoxy amide 10, the Weinreb amide of 3, was reacted with 2-(2-1,3-dioxanyl)ethylmagnesium bromide to provide key intermediate ketoacetal 11. To achieve high yields for this conversion, the N−H of the BOC group in Weinreb amino acid amide 10 was deprotonated first with a simple Grignard reagent (methyl or benzylmagnesium halide) followed by Barbier reaction with magnesium metal and 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-dioxane. The acetal group in 11 was opened oxidatively with ozone, and the resulting ester 15 was reduced selectively at low temperature with N-Selectride. Alternatively, the ketone moiety in 11 was reduced diastereoselectively with aluminum triisopropoxide in 2-propanol to give the undesired (R,S)-diastereomeric alcohol. The alcohol was converted to the mesylate which was he...
Federal job training programs and employment outcomes: Effects by sex and race of participants

This article examines the extent to which the program activity assignments of participants in federal job training programs affect their future employment prospects. We analyze the effects of three types of programs—classroom training, on-the-job training, and work experience—on the post-program employment outcomes of black and white women and men. The data are from the Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey of fiscal 1976 participants in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). Logistic regression and event history analysis are used to assess the likelihood of immediate employment upon leaving CETA and the rates at which participants enter and leave their first post-program spells of employment and nonemployment.
Cell architecture during adenovirus infection

Abstract These experiments are designed to probe the morphological consequences of adenovirus early gene expression. At later times after infection (18 hr) changes in the nucleus are conspicuous. In particular, the nucleoplasm appears compartmentalized, and the nuclear envelope becomes characteristically convoluted and vesiculated. At least some of these changes are the result of early events in infection, since by 6 hr perceptible alterations in the cell architecture can be seen, especially in the nuclear envelope. These morphological changes presumably reflect one aspect of the activities of the newly synthesized viral products. PAGE of the viral proteins demonstrates that nearly the entire spectrum of early polypeptides is found associated with the nucleus and its appurtenant cytoplasmic matrix. These include proteins of approximate molecular weights 58,000 and 40,000 which have been assigned to the left-end fragment of the adenovirus genome capable of transforming cells in vitro . The interaction of the early adenovirus proteins with the cytoskeletal lattice shown here can be considered as demonstrating one aspect of these proteins' function and may be a basis for the physiological changes they effect.
Interference in trans with brome mosaic virus replication by RNA-2 bearing aminoacylation-deficient mutants.

Abstract The tRNA-like domain present at the 3′ end of each of the three genomic RNAs of brome mosaic virus (BMV) encompasses the (−)-strand promoter essential for replication. The replicative competence of two BMV RNA-2 transcripts bearing mutations Δ5′ and 5′AGA in the tRNA-like domain (previously shown by in vitro assays to be deficient in tyrosylation) was evaluated in barley protoplasts. Transfection of protoplasts with low (2μg) amounts of Δ5′RNA-2, together with transcripts of wild-type RNA-1 and -3, not only incapacitated the replication of RNA-2 but also significantly interfered in trans with the synthesis and accumulation of the other viral RNAs. In contrast, RNA-2 mutants bearing either 5′AGA or M4 (a mutation yielding enhanced minus-strand replication activity in vitro) were inhibitory to viral replication only when present at a relatively high level (12 μg). Coinoculation of protoplasts with high levels (12 μg) of each of the three RNA-2 mutants and transcripts corresponding to wild-type RNA-1, -2 and -3 (2 μg each) revealed that the mutants were capable of competing in trans, resulting in greatly reduced accumulation of the viral RNA and suggesting that their expression from constitutive promoters in transgenic plants may provide protection against viral infection.
Memory functioning in polysubstance dependent women

Abstract Background The vast majority of studies on polysubstance abuse or dependence have utilized male participants; therefore, the specific neuropsychological effects of polysubstance dependence in women are relatively unknown. The goal of the present study is to examine the effects of polysubstance dependence on women's verbal and visual memory ability. Methods Data were collected from 109 women (46 controls and 63 polysubstance dependence women who were similar in ethnic identification, education, age, and verbal ability). A series of multiple regressions were run to test whether group membership significantly predicted performance on the Benton Visual Retention Test and the California Verbal Learning Test after controlling for important demographic characteristics. Results The primary results indicated that the polysubstance dependent women had significantly poorer verbal learning ability (ranging from p Conclusions The results confirm that polysubstance dependence is associated with deficient encoding of verbal information. In addition, past year frequent use of alcohol and cocaine was associated with more severe deficits in delayed recall and recognition ability among polysubstance dependent women at the bivariate level.
A systematic conceptualization of acts of terror

Acts of terror are conceptualized in a three-part franework. This framework interrelates primary factors in an act of terror: target selection, motivation, and intent. Target selection differentiates between selected and random types. Motivation deals with emotional on instrumental drive underlying the event. Intent distinguishes among those acts which are actually political in nature and those that are criminal or that derive from mental allness. The interaction of these factors leads to conclusions about the ultimate desired outcome of the act of terror. It is argued that understanding the complex, factor interaction can lead to more reasonable and effective decision malang early in an event.
Protein Phosphorylation and Signal Transduction

It is now generally accepted that protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation has a role in the regulation of essentially all cellular functions. Thus, it is of interest that this process is involved in signal transduction. Nonetheless, the extent to which protein phosphorylation participates in signaling is truly remarkable. Almost every known signaling pathway eventually impinges on a protein kinase, or in some instances, a protein phosphatase. The diversity of these enzymes is noteworthy, and it is of interest that many biotechnology companies are eyeing them as potentially important targets for drugs. Such drugs may have important therapeutic applications, and in any event, they certainly will be useful to investigators who study signal transduction. Indeed, this already has been proven to be true.
A violation of the covariant entropy bound

Several arguments suggest that the entropy density at high energy density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ should be given by the expression $s=K\sqrt{\ensuremath{\rho}/G}$, where $K$ is a constant of order unity. On the other hand the covariant entropy bound requires that the entropy on a light sheet be bounded by $A/4G$, where $A$ is the area of the boundary of the sheet. We find that in a suitably chosen cosmological geometry, the above expression for $s$ violates the covariant entropy bound. We consider different possible explanations for this fact, in particular, the possibility that entropy bounds should be defined in terms of volumes of regions rather than areas of surfaces.
Conductivity-Based Damage Detection in Carbon Fiber Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become a primary structural material in many new structures, particularly in the aerospace, wind turbine, automobile, and marine industries, due to their higher strength-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and ease of manufacturing. However, these composite materials have complex damages modes that are different from typical monolithic metallic alloys, such as delamination, fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and fiber-matrix debonding. These avenues of damage tend to manifest internally to the composite structure, making them nearly invisible to visual inspection. Several damage detection approaches have been introduced for the purpose of in situ non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of composites; however, many of these approaches require complex analysis methods, data interpolation for achieving spatial sensing, and/or embedding invasive sensors into the composites themselves. To allow for widespread implementation of a next-generation NDE approach for composites, an easily discernible, highly visual, and fast approach that does not adversely affect the structural performance of the composite laminate is needed. This study introduces the use of a spatially distributed electrical conductivity distribution mapping method called electrical impedance tomography (EIT). EIT reconstructs a material’s 2D or 3D electrical conductivity within a series of boundary electrodes. A 100 mA current is injected between two opposing electrodes while the adjacent differential voltages are measured at the remaining electrodes; this process is repeated for all opposing electrode pairs. Using a linear reconstruction algorithm, changes in electrical conductivity are spatially resolved and plotted for easy detection, localization, and evaluation of damage. This approach is validated by applying EIT to a set of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates. First, damage has been simulated in composite parts by selectively removing portions of the structure and then verifying that EIT has captured this occurrence. After validation of the EIT method, pristine composite laminates have been subjected to low velocity impact damage. Before and after impact EIT readings have been taken. The differential conductivity reconstruction is presented. This work demonstrates the value of adopting electrical impedance tomography for in situ NDE of FRP composites.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Optical Connection between Optical Via Hole in BGA Package and Optical Waveguide on Board

We propose a gap-less optical interconnection between BGA package and board for practical on-board, chip-to-chip optical interconnection. The optical interconnect consists of polymer optical waveguides, an integral mirror on the PWB (printed wiring board), an optical via hole through package, and a connection structure and method requiring no alignment process. Optical waveguide, mirror, waveguide extensions and alignment studs were fabricated on the PWB as horizontal optical interconnect. Coaxial structured optical vias with core and cladding were formed through the package and with precise holes for alignment. Two packages were attached onto the PWB using standard BGA technology utilizing passive optical alignment. The optical characteristics and 10Gbit/s open-eye diagram were measured. A completely gap-less three dimensional optical interconnect between package-PWB-package was demonstrated.
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, an Emerging Pathogen in the United States

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica is recognized as an emerging pathogen in many parts of the world. We present the first case description of invasive N. cyriacigeorgica pulmonary infection in the United States identified to the species level by 16S rRNA and hsp65 sequence analysis. A subsequent retrospective molecular screening of recent Nocardia clinical isolates at our New York City medical center yielded an additional six N. cyriacigeorgica isolates. Because routine laboratory algorithms for the phenotypic identification of Nocardia species are limited in practice, the true prevalence of N. cyriacigeorgica infections may be greater than currently appreciated. Indeed, we present evidence confirming that N. cyriacigeorgica is coincident with the unofficial species designation Nocardia asteroides complex antimicrobial susceptibility pattern type VI and distinct from the N. asteroides sensu stricto strain ATCC 19247 T . As nocardial species identity can predict antimicrobial susceptibility and guide clinical management, we offer simplified phenotypic and molecular protocols to assist the identification of N. cyriacigeorgica.
Fast Parallel Direct Solvers for Coarse Grid Problems

We have developed a fast direct solver for parallel solution of coarse grid problems, Ax=b, such as arise when domain decomposition or multigrid methods are applied to elliptic partial differential equations in d space dimensions. The approach is based on a (quasi-) sparse factorization of the inverse of A. If A is n×n and the number of processors is P, the algorithm requires O(n?logP) time for communication and O(n1+?/P) time for computation, where ??d?1d. The method is particularly suited to leading-edge multicomputer systems having thousands of processors. It achieves minimal message startup costs and substantially reduced message volume and arithmetic complexity compared with competing methods, which require O(nlogP) time for communication and O(n1+?) or O(n2/P) time for computation. Timings on the Intel Paragon and ASCI-Red machines reflect these complexity estimates.
Environmental poisoning of children--lessons from the past.

Abstract Children have physiologic and behavioral characteristics that make them vulnerable to damage from environmental chemicals. In the past, there have been episodes in which children became ill or died from environmental exposures that spared adults or affected them less severely. Among the characteristics leading to children's sensitivity are their limited diets, dividing cells, differentiating organs and organ systems, slow or absent detoxification mechanisms, long life expectancy with the resulting ability to express damage with delayed consequences, and the severe metabolic demands of growth. There have been large outbreaks of poisonings involving children in Asia and Turkey, and some of the less obvious effects of chemicals have appeared in children in the United States. Although the United States has been spared a widespread outbreak of severe poisoning, such an incident is possible and would likely have greater consequences for children than adults.
Intentional misuse of over-the-counter medications, mental health, and polysubstance use in young adults.

In recent years, the non-medical use of prescription drugs (without a doctor’s prescription) has increased dramatically. Less attention has been paid to the intentional misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Misuse of OTC medications has negative health consequences similar to those of illicit drugs, including psychosis, tachycardia, seizures and agitation. When mixed with alcohol or other drugs, these medications can also be dangerous: OTC-related emergency room visits increased 70 % from 2004 to 2008. This study examined the intentional misuse of OTC medications, the non-medical use of prescription drugs, the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and psychological factors in two samples of young adults (ages 18–25) from different areas of the United States (Total N = 1,197). Overall, 18.6 % of the Colorado sample and 13.0 % of the Virginia sample reported lifetime misuse of an OTC medication. Participants who reported misusing OTC medications were also significantly more likely to report using marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine, and non-medical use of prescription analgesics, stimulants, anxiolytics, and sedatives. Participants who reported misusing OTC medications were more than twice as likely to report hazardous alcohol use, relative to individuals who denied misusing OTC medications. Individuals who had misused OTC medications scored significantly higher in sensation seeking and hopelessness and reported more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic distress, relative to those who denied OTC misuse. Results suggest that a considerable minority of young adults are jeopardizing their health with the misuse of OTC medications as part of a pattern of polysubstance use.
Population change and public drinking in three rural communities.

Three rural communities are compared in terms of barroom occupancy rates and observed alcohol consumption in that setting. It is hypothesized that rapid population increase will be associated with higher barroom occupancy rates and heavier consumption rates. This hypothesis is not supported. Instead it is found that higher levels of public drinking are found in association with population loss. It is concluded that generalizations concerning the deleterious effects of population growth should be made with caution only until additional studies document more precisely the nature of possible relationships between rapid population change and community mental health. Although it appears that progress has been made in developing methodologies for in-vivo studies of public drinking behaviour (Kessler & Gomber, 1974), such studies remain sparse in the drinking literature. Particularly infrequent are studies of barroom drinking designed to test specific hypotheses about the influence of changes in community life on public drinking behaviour. Many studies have focused on the sociology of bar behaviour (Cavan, 1966; Lewis, 1955; Marcrory, 1952; Rowbuck & Frese, 1976), identifying types of bars, distribution and location of public drinking settings, and characteristics and attitudes of patrons. Other studies have compared barroom drinking in laboratory settings (Billings, Weiner, Kessler & Gomberg, 1976), used observations to validate self-reports of drinking behaviour (Harford, Dorman & Feinhandler, 1976) and measured the effects of setting characteristics on consumption rates (Bach & Schaefer, 1979).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Language: en
Risk of residual disease and invasive carcinoma in women treated for adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix

Abstract Objective Cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is increasing in incidence among reproductive-age women. Cervical conization is an alternative to hysterectomy that allows future fertility, however reports regarding the risk of residual AIS and underlying adenocarcinoma are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of a large cohort of women treated for AIS. Methods The medical records of 180 women with cervical AIS evaluated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and its outlying clinics between 1983 and 2011 were reviewed for demographic information, treatment history, pathologic findings and outcomes. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 33.8years (range 17.6–76.1years). 172 of the 180 women had at least one cone biopsy performed, with 110 (64.0%) undergoing a cold knife cone (CKC), and 62 (36.0%) undergoing a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) as their initial method of treatment. Positive margins were noted in 35.0% of patients undergoing CKC compared with 55.6% undergoing LEEP (p=0.017). 71 patients ultimately underwent hysterectomy with residual disease noted in 10 patients (14.1%), 8 patients (11.3%) with residual AIS and 2 patients (2.8%) with invasive carcinoma. Of the 101 patients who did not undergo hysterectomy, 2 patients (2.0%) developed recurrent AIS at a median of 27.5months (range 18–37months) from the last cone, and none developed invasive carcinoma. Conclusion Patients undergoing conservative management for AIS with cervical conization alone should be monitored closely and counseled regarding the potential risks of residual and recurrent disease, even when negative cone margins are obtained.
The pension subsidy of educational inequality

Abstract Public school teachers receive on retirement a pension typically equaling 75% of the average salary earned during the three peak years. While the teachers pay part of the costs of their defined benefit pension through payroll deductions, most of the cost is subsidized by the state. The pension subsidy, a far from neglible component of the per pupil cost of instruction, is particularly high in those school districts that pay high salaries and enjoy low student/teacher ratios. It is a regressive subsidy highly correlated with school district income and wealth. Several alternative reform measures are considered.
Incorporating Print and Microform Holdings into SFX

Pollak Library at California State University, Fullerton created local SFX targets to reflect collections of print and microform periodicals in the library, organized by location. Smart holdings are pushed through the SFX menu and include electronic access and/or call number, location, and holdings information. Low-tech methods, collaboration, problem solving, and suggestions for the future are described in this labor-intensive but immensely rewarding project. Patrons can now view print and microform holdings in the same way that electronic holdings are displayed, saving several steps and the use of multiple tools.
Evidence for δ-Opioid Binding and GTP-Regulatory Proteins in 5-Day-Old Rat Brain Membranes

The availability of the bispenicillamine enkephalin [3H] [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin ([3H]DPDPE) a highly selective ligand for delta-opioid receptors, has made possible a more definitive examination of the ontogeny of this receptor subtype. In this report, the binding characteristics of [3H]DPDPE in 5-day-old neonatal (P-5) and adult rat brain are compared. Analysis of saturation curves as well as homologous displacement data revealed no significant difference in the binding affinity of [3H]DPDPE between P-5 animals and adults. Conversely, the binding capacity increased fivefold during this period. The delta-specificity of the sites was further proven by competition experiments with mu- and delta-selective ligands. Mn2+ (0.5 mM) elevated [3H]DPDPE specific binding by lowering the Kd, whereas 50 microM 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate inhibited it by decreasing the total number of high-affinity binding sites in both P-5 animals and adults. Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation experiments revealed the presence of 40-kDa proteins, with a molecular mass corresponding to G protein subunits alpha i/alpha o, as early as 1 h after birth. There was a low, but detectable, basal low-Km GTPase activity in P-5 animals, which increased fivefold during postnatal development. The present report establishes the existence of high-affinity [3H]DPDPE binding as well as GTP-regulatory proteins 5 days after birth. Yet, heterologous competition studies and ionic effects suggest that neonatal binding sites differ from adult receptors. Whether the neonatal sites are newly synthesized, incompletely processed sites or a developmentally programmed isoform remains to be determined.
Infrared Lattice Vibrations and Dielectric Dispersion in Single-Crystal Cr2O3

Reflectivity measurements on single-crystal ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been made at room temperature in the wavelength range 1 to 45 \ensuremath{\mu}. A classical oscillator analysis of the data has determined the frequencies, strengths and line-widths of the optical-lattice vibration modes with dipole moment vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the $c$ axis. The modes vibrating parallel to the $c$ axis occur at 538 and 613 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Those vibrating perpendicular to the $c$ axis occur at 417, 444, 532, and 613 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Forbidden modes, believed to be caused by surface shear strains, have been observed. Vibration frequencies of long-wavelength longitudinal modes corresponding to the transverse vibration frequencies quoted above were calculated from the zeros of the real part of the dielectric constant. These values offer excellent experimental verification of the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller equation derived by Kurosawa and by Cochran and Cowley. Comparison of the transverse-optic-mode frequencies of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with those of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ shows a considerable increase in force constants for the former, probably due to increased covalent bonding in ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.
Ducts of the rat pancreas in agarose matrix culture

Interlobular and intralobular ducts isolated from the pancreas of the rat by digestion with collagenase and chymotrypsin were cultured in an agarose matrix containing CMRL-1066 supplemented with insulin, dexamethasone,l-glutamine, soybean trypsin inhibitor, antibiotics, and fetal bovine serum. The cut ends of most interlobular ducts sealed to create encolosed lumina. Some ducts retained their original cylindrical organization; others enlarged to varying degrees, resulting in structures that ranged from cylindrical to spherical in shape. The duct walls consisted of viable epithelium and connective tissue, although the amount of connective tissue declined with age. Both epithelial and connective tissue cells became flattened in the enlarged ducts. Intralobular and small interlobular ducts often remained associated with the larger interlobular ducts. These duct fragments have been cultured for as long as 6 weeks.
Highly Nonlinear Dispersion-Shifted Fibers and Their Application to Broadband Wavelength Converter

Dispersion shifted fiber with a high nonlinearity coefficient (20.4 W-1 km-1) and low attenuation (0.51 dB/km) was successfully fabricated. 500 m of the fabricated fiber efficiently generated four-wave mixing, and nearly constant wavelength conversion efficiency over 20 nm was demonstrated.
Synthesis of ribonucleic acid in oocytes of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus).

A large DNA containing body is found in oocytes of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Little or no RNA synthesis is associated with the DNA body during the leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene stages of meiotic prophase I. During the early diplotene stage of development, large masses of nucleolar material begin to accumulate at the periphery of the DNA body. The onset of RNA synthesis correlates with a change in the histochemically detectable histone proteins associated with the DNA body. In ovaries of animals injected with uridine-H3, most of the label accumulates in ribosomal RNA. Autoradiographic studies show that the cytoplasm of late diplotene stage cells accumulates uridine label to a greater extent than does the cytoplasm of early diplotene stage cells. Increased transport of nucleolar material through the nuclear envelope of late diplotene stage cells accounts for the increased cytoplasmic labeling.
Chromatographic characterization of neurotoxic esterase

Abstract Neurotoxic esterase (neuropathy target enzyme, NTE) is an enzyme whose irreversible inhibition is the apparent first step in the induction of organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. NTE is an integral membrane protein and thus must be solubilized before isolation can be attempted. This study describes solubilization of active chicken brain NTE with the nondenaturing detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfon (CHAPS) and characterization of the detergent-solubilized enzyme by gel exclusion chromatography. When detergent-solubilized membranes were chromatographed on Sepharose gel exclusion media, NTE activity eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 880–970 kD. When [ 3 H]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate-radiolabeled membranes and unlabeled microsomal membranes were CHAPS-solubilized, combined and chromatographed on Sepharose 4B, NTE activity coeluted with two radiolabeled proteins ( M r = 148 kD and M r = 112 kD using sodium dodecyi sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with reducing conditions). Another radiolabeled protein ( M r = 92 kD) coeluted exclusively with inhibitor-resistant esterase activity. This study provides strong evidence that the 148 and 112 kD proteins are subunits of a multicomponent NTE complex.
Carbon-14 tracer study of the conversion of labeled n-propylcyclopentane during n-octane aromatization with a Pt-zeolite L catalyst

n-Propylene cyclopentane or n-propylcyclopentane labeled in the ring with {sup 14}C was converted together with n-octane using a Pt-KL zeolite catalyst operating at 482 C and ca. 14 bar. The products indicate that hydrogenolysis to produce isooctanes, not ring expansion to produce aromatics, is the major reaction pathway for the alkyl cyclopentane compound. Dilution of the {sup 14}C activity in n-propylcyclopentane during the conversion shows that C{sub 5} as well as C{sub 6} cyclization occurs during the conversion of n-octane. The current data were obtained with a catalyst that has a Pt crystal size range that is similar to those reported earlier. Furthermore, the conversion data for n-octane and n-propylcyclopentane using the Pt-KL zeolite catalyst are very similar to data obtained with catalysts based on other nonacidic supports where the Pt crystals cannot be located in a zeolite type channel. Thus, for n-octane conversion, it appears that the Pt in L zeolite catalysts has selectivities that are similar to Pt on other nonacidic supports.
Computational assessment of text readability: A survey of current and future research

Assessing text readability is a time-honored problem that has even more relevance in today’s information-rich world. This article provides background on how readability of texts is assessed automatically, reviews the current state-of-the-art algorithms in automatic modeling and predicting the reading difficulty of texts, and proposes new challenges and opportunities for future exploration not well-covered by current computational research.
Cryotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma and Angiomyolipoma

AbstractPurpose: We determined the feasibility of renal cryotherapy in humans.Materials and Methods: Two patients with tumors in a solitary kidney were treated with renal cryotherapy.Results: Both patients tolerated renal cryotherapy well with no change in renal function and no postoperative complications.Conclusions: Cryoablation of select renal lesions can be performed safely with minimal loss of renal function.
Pragmatism, politics and the politiography of civil wars: A response

While Havard Strand’s rejoinder to ‘Deconstructing civil wars’ is a welcome invitation to dialogue, its criticisms are grounded in a fundamental misreading of my article. Here I will attempt to address the sources of confusion, which stem from poor execution on my part and some theoretical blinders on the part of the author of the rejoinder. This response will clarify my ethical and theoretical concerns with the way in which mass intra-territorial armed violence has been studied recently, and then reinforce my proposed warrant for a pragmatic (read: political) turn in the civil war/new war debate. This intervention will conclude by suggesting that the present debate highlights the need for a third estate in political studies, one that operates between political science and political theory: politiography.
Optical Intrinsic Signal Imaging Responses Are Modulated in Rodent Somatosensory Cortex during Simultaneous Whisker and Forelimb Stimulation

Optical intrinsic signal imaging (OIS) was used to investigate physiologic interactions between spatially and functionally distinct cortical somatosensory systems. The OIS response magnitude was evaluated after simultaneous stimulation of single whiskers and forelimb digits. Whisker C1 was deflected at a frequency of 10 Hz for 2 seconds while low- or high-intensity vibratory stimuli were applied to forelimb digits. The OIS responses to simultaneous whisker and forelimb stimulation were compared with lone whisker stimulated controls. Overall, addition of a second stimulus caused decreases in barrel cortex response magnitude. Three different response patterns were detected within individual trial sets. Modulation of barrel cortex evoked potentials provided evidence that changes in OIS responses observed here may be partially influenced by vascular responses to changes in neuronal activity. However, OIS responses in the barrel region during lone forelimb stimulation that were unaccompanied by evoked potentials suggested the possibility of independent vascular dynamic influences on response modulation. This study demonstrates that cortical responses at the level of primary sensory processing may be significantly influenced by activity in adjacent regions. Furthermore, it reveals that vascular and neuronal characteristics of interregional modulation do not co-localize and may produce responses in which one component increases while the other decreases.