cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sarah Smith Rainey: Love, Sex, and Disability: the Pleasures of Care

Love, Sex, and Disability is a comprehensive primer on the current views on the role of care and disability, how these affect research and the media, and ways to circumvent these mostly negative views. Sarah Smith Rainey is clearly a passionate academic and activist who deconstructs the disabled/nondisabled relationship and the role of care without hesitation. As a reader, it would be simply impossible to put the book down without examining your own role in perpetuating or changing assumptions about the individuals in these relationships. The book explores the positive aspects of care, drawing from a wide range of sources. In fact, the breadth of this book may be its weakness. Given the small amount of literature on this, the reader can perhaps forgive some sections that may feel rushed. Dr. Rainey has provided a text that tackles a critical topic, and providers and researchers alike will find relevant information to inform their work. Dr. Rainey weaves together historical examples, summaries of research, literature reviews, mainstream culture vignettes and quotes from a focus group. The group was formed expressly for the purpose of this book. Twelve couples make up the focus group, which is described in detail in an appendix, and Dr. Rainey incorporates their comments about the role of care and the strengths of their relationships throughout the chapters. Including the messages directly from couples in disabled/nondisabled relationships experiencing love, sex, and disability is in keeping with the take away message of the book. The perspective of both individuals is valuable, which, as she describes, is not a theme always recognized in research. Combining the empirical and anecdotal presentation styles results in a text that feels well-founded, even for readers who may be less well-versed in the field. Love, Sex, and Disability is comprised of eight chapters and two appendixes. After the introduction, The chapters are divided into two parts. Part one, mainstream Representations, includes two chapters entitled ‘‘Images in Popular Culture’’ and ‘‘The View from Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Nursing’’. This section presents the images that we see and the messages in these images. Part two, Contesting the Mainstream, contains the remaining five chapters; ‘‘Flexible Gender Roles’’, ‘‘Pride and Resistance’’, ‘‘Love’’, ‘‘The Sexual Pleasure of Care’’, and ‘‘New Understandings of Care, Gender, Sexuality’’. Examples from film,
Organic Brain Syndromes

Epilepsy is a periodic, recurrent state of impaired consciousness associated with abnormal brain activities that may be clinically manifested by localized or generalized seizures, disturbances of the vegetative system, and alteration in sensation, perception, thinking, and emotional state.
Quantifying demographic and socioeconomic transitions for computational epidemiology: an open-source modeling approach applied to India

Demographic and socioeconomic changes such as increasing urbanization, migration, and female education shape population health in many low- and middle-income countries. These changes are rarely reflected in computational epidemiological models, which are commonly used to understand population health trends and evaluate policy interventions. Our goal was to create a “backbone” simulation modeling approach to allow computational epidemiologists to explicitly reflect changing demographic and socioeconomic conditions in population health models. We developed, evaluated, and “open-sourced” a generalized approach to incorporate longitudinal, commonly available demographic and socioeconomic data into epidemiological simulations, illustrating the feasibility and utility of our approach with data from India. We constructed a series of nested microsimulations of increasing complexity, calibrating each model to longitudinal sociodemographic and vital registration data. We then selected the model that was most consistent with the data (i.e., greater accuracy) while containing the fewest parameters (i.e., greater parsimony). We validated the selected model against additional data sources not used for calibration. We found that standard computational epidemiology models that do not incorporate demographic and socioeconomic trends quickly diverged from past mortality and population size estimates, while our approach remained consistent with observed data over decadal time courses. Our approach additionally enabled the examination of complex relations between demographic, socioeconomic and health parameters, such as the relationship between changes in educational attainment or urbanization and changes in fertility, mortality, and migration rates. Incorporating demographic and socioeconomic trends in computational epidemiology is feasible through the “open source” approach, and could critically alter population health projections and model-based evaluations of health policy interventions in unintuitive ways.
integration and differentiation

The evaluation of integrals in elementary calculus is accomplished by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which can be stated as follows: Let \(F(t)\) be a function for which the derivative \(F^{\prime}(t)\) exists and is a continuous function for t in the interval \(\{a \leq t \leq b\}.\)
Effect of a high nutrient density diet on long-term weight loss: a retrospective chart review.

BACKGROUND A high nutrient density (HND) vegetable-based diet offers a dietary model extremely low in saturated fat as well as refined carbohydrates and emphasizes a liberal intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who came to a family practice office seeking nutritional counseling for weight loss. All of these patients were prescribed an HND diet in an extended counseling session with a family physician. METHODS A convenience sample (N = 56) of all patients seeking dietary counseling for weight loss from a family practice physician in a 3-year period was included in the chart review. No personal identifying data were recorded. The initial counseling sessions averaged 1 hour in length. Patients were provided with a sample HND daily meal plan and recipes and with verbal and written information about the rationale for the diet. Data recorded from patients' charts at 6-month intervals for up to 2 years of follow-up (when available) included weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and cholesterol:HDL ratio. Non-parametric statistical testing using the Friedman rank order (exact) test for k-related samples was conducted. A follow-up survey on adherence and medication use was completed by 38 patients. RESULTS Of the 33 patients who returned for follow-up after 1 year, the mean weight loss was 31 lbs (P = .000). Of the 19 patients who returned after 2 years, the mean weight loss was 53 lbs (P = .000), mean cholesterol fell by 13 points, LDL by 15 points, triglycerides by 17 points, and cardiac risk ratio dropped from 4.5 to 3.8. Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were highly significant at all follow-up time intervals (P < or = .001). There was a significant correlation between adherence and degree of weight loss (P = .011). CONCLUSIONS Weight loss was sustained in patients who returned for follow-up and was more substantial in those who reported good adherence to the recommendations. However, many patients were lost to follow-up. Favorable changes in lipid profile and blood pressure were noted. An HND diet has the potential to provide sustainable, significant, long-term weight loss and may provide substantial lowering of cardiac risk in patients who are motivated and provided with extended one-on-one counseling and follow-up visits. Development of tools to aid in patient retention is an area for possible further study. Clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to further test the therapeutic potential and to examine adherence and follow-up issues related to this dietary approach. An HND diet as demonstrated with this group may be the most health-favorable and effective way to lose weight for appropriately motivated patients.
In Situ Power Gating Efficiency Learner for Fine-Grained Self-Adaptive Power Gating

A low-power in situ learner circuit is presented to characterize the tradeoff between leakage saving and transition energy overhead in power gating (PG). A self-adaptive PG scheme is demonstrated that utilizes the learner circuit to adaptively invoke PG only when leakage saving is more than the transition energy overhead. A 130-nm test chip demonstrates functionality of the learner circuit and its application to adaptive PG under varying process, temperature, and idle signal pattern.
Symposium: Feminist Theory and the Erosion of Women's Reproductive Rights: The Implications of Fetal Personhood Laws and In Vitro Fertilization

Introduction 87 I. Feminist Theories 89 II. The Proliferation of Fetal Personhood Laws 90 A. Wrongful Death 92 B. Criminal Statutes 94 C. State Health Insurance 96 III. Artificial Reproductive Technology: In Vitro Fertilization 97 A. Case Law 98 B. Implications of Feminist Theory 102 IV. Solutions 103 Conclusion 106
Small Ribonucleic Acids of Escherichia coli II. NONCOORDINATE ACCUMULATION DURING STRINGENT CONTROL

Abstract The accumulation of small RNAs (4 to 6 S) in Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation has been studied by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional fingerprint analysis. In CP78, a stringent (rel+) strain, RNA labeled with 32PO43- during amino acid starvation has a gel electrophoresis pattern that is very different from that of nonstarved cells. However, in CP79, a relaxed (rel-) mutant, RNA labeled during starvation has a gel pattern similar to normal. During starvation of the stringent strain, 32PO43- labeling of 5 S RNA, 4.5 S RNA, and most tRNAs is reduced to about 5% normal. The accumulation of an unstable molecule containing dihydrouracil, with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of 6 S RNA, is also reduced. In contrast, 6 S RNA (which is stable) and an unstable molecule with GTP at its 5' end are much less severely reduced, if at all. Thus the accumulation of these molecules during stringent control is noncoordinate and the inhibition of accumulation is not necessarily correlated with metabolic stability. When cells of the stringent strain are treated with the antibiotic trimethoprim, an undermethylated form of tRNALeu1 appears as the most highly labeled single species of the small RNAs. Trimethoprim treatment reduces both the level of bulk tRNA labeling and the extent of tRNA methylation. These effects of trimethoprim are inhibited by the addition of methionine to the medium. The various RNA molecules are labeled with different kinetics. In short labeling periods the GTP-starting unstable molecule is one of the most highly labeled species. From radioactivity pulse-chase experiments under normal and starvation conditions it was found that amino acid starvation does not seem to affect the stability of the RNAs.
Diagnosing combinational logic designs using the single location at-a-time (SLAT) paradigm

A new way of diagnosing ICs that fail logic tests is described. It can handle bridging fault, opens, transition faults and many more complex defects as easily and as accurately as regular stuck-at faults.
Recent experimental results in using /sup 137/Ba in a miniaturized ion trap for quantum computation

Summary form only given. We report on the trapping and laser cooling ofa single /sup 137/Ba/sup +/ ion on a transition to the 2p/sub 3/2/ level at a wavelength of 493 nm from a mixed isotopic Ba source with a natural abundance of 11% of /sup 137/Ba.
Incorporating health and behavioral consequences of child abuse in prevention programs targeting female adolescents

A study examining the health and behavioral consequences of child abuse was conducted among 263 parenting and 257 never-pregnant teens attending a reproductive health clinic. Both groups of teens identified the following major consequences: suicide, prostitution, school drop-out, crime and substance abuse. However, only parenting teens expressed interest in prevention programs that would address these consequences. Traditional child abuse prevention programs are focused on parenting issues and rarely address health and behavioral consequences of abuse. These health and behavioral consequences of abuse may make adolescents vulnerable to abuse their own children as well as interfere with their psychosocial development. Therefore, the authors recommend integrating health and behavioral issues into child abuse prevention programs.
Specific thermal ablation of tumor cells using single‐walled carbon nanotubes targeted by covalently‐coupled monoclonal antibodies

CD22 is broadly expressed on human B cell lymphomas. Monoclonal anti-CD22 antibodies alone, or coupled to toxins, have been used to selectively target these tumors both in SCID mice with xenografted human lymphoma cell lines and in patients with B cell lymphomas. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attached to antibodies or peptides represent another approach to targeting cancer cells. CNTs convert absorbed near-infrared (NIR) light to heat, which can thermally ablate cells that have bound the CNTs. We have previously demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) noncovalently coupled to CNTs can specifically target and kill cells in vitro. Here, we describe the preparation of conjugates in which the MAbs are covalently conjugated to the CNTs. The specificity of both the binding and NIR-mediated killing of the tumor cells by the MAb-CNTs is demonstrated by using CD22+CD25− Daudi cells, CD22−CD25+ phytohemagglutinin-activated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and CNTs covalently modified with either anti-CD22 or anti-CD25. We further demonstrate that the stability and specificity of the MAb-CNT conjugates are preserved following incubation in either sodium dodecyl sulfate or mouse serum, indicating that they should be stable for in vivo use. © 2009 UICC
Dynamical clustering of counterions on flexible polyelectrolytes.

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of charge fluctuations around a polyelectrolyte molecule at charge densities above and below the classic counterion condensation threshold. Surprisingly, the counterions form weakly interacting clusters which exhibit slowly decaying short range orientational order. Local charge fluctuations create energy fluctuations at the order of ${k}_{B}T$ that is sufficient to affect the polyelectrolyte interaction with an approaching ligand molecule. The predictions of the classical theory appear to be appropriate only over much longer time scales.
Electronic structures of GdAs/GaAs superlattices

Electronic structures of semimetal-semiconductor superlattices made of GdAs and GaAs are studied by a second-neighbor tight-binding model. It is found that this semimetal-semiconductor superlattice is metallic with overlapping conduction and valence bands for GdAs layers as thin as two monolayers. This is in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observation. The superlattice states with energies near the Fermi surface consist of states derived from the GdAs valence bands and the lowest GdAs conduction bands with wave vectors near point X. It is shown that the two types of superlattice energy bands can be simulated by a more sophisticated effective-mass theory with anisotropic, energy-dependent effective masses.
Influence of elaidate and erucate on heart mitochondria

Male, weanling rats were fed, for up to six weeks, corn oil (CO), rapeseed oil (RSO), partially hydrogenated fat (HF), or a mixture of partially hydrogenated fat and corn oil (HF+CO). The respiratory activity of their isolated heart mitochondria, their hormone-sensitive lipase activity, and the fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids of the mitochondria were determined. The results indicated that heart mitochondria isolated from rats which had been fed corn oil (CO) had a higher rate of oxygen uptake, showed higher respiratory control ratios, higher ADP/0 ratios and a higher rate of ATP synthesis than the heart mitochondria isolated from those fed rapeseed oil or hydrogenated fats. The oxygen uptake rates of the rat heart mitochondria isolated from each dietary group of rats was in order: oleyl carnitine ≫ erucyl carnitine > elaidyl carnitine. The decreased capacity to oxidize substrate by heart mitochondria which had been isolated from the hearts of rats fed rapeseed or hydrogenated soybean oil as compared with those fed corn oil as a sole source of dietary fat seemed related to the mitochondria lipid composition. The type of dietary fat fed had a pronounced influence on the mitochondrial fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. The lipase activity of the RSO-fed group did not show any increment with either epinephrine or supplemental ATP treatment. The substrate preference for lipase activity in myocardium was corn oil-triglycerides > trierucin > trielaidin > tripalmitin. However, cardiac lipid accumulation did not seem related to lipase activity in the myocardium.
Large Amplitude Pc 1 Events at College

The Pc 1 events with amplitudes over -1/2γ recorded at College, Alaska, over a 6 1/2 year interval, were studied. Their general characteristics are described. Sonagram displays and polarizations are similar to those for smaller events, but there is typically more ionospheric cosmic noise absorption accompanying the large events, and the large events are usually observed at only one station. It is proposed that large amplitudes observed on the ground are at least partially due the presence of unusually welldefined wave guides of enhanced ionization along magnetospheric field lines.
Oriented Te thin films.

Vapor deposited tellurium thin films orientation, noting effect of characteristic spiral chain structure along c-axis
Studies on the Infectivity of Vaccinal Elementary Bodies.

have been made recently. In 1937, Parker and Rivers' developed a procedure based on statistical analysis for the quantitative determination of vaccinia virus infectivity. For the expression of the titer of their suspensions, these authors chose the 50% point or that dilution yielding an equal number of positive and negative inoculations. Through parallel estimations of infectivity by this means and the determination of elementary body content of suspensions by direct count, a high correlation was demonstrated between ele-
Voice Measurement: is more Better?

Although recent years have seen an explosive growth in the available number of tests and measurements of vocal function, it is not clear that vocal diagnosis and evaluation have become correspondingly more precise nor therapy more efficacious. In short, there is little basis for believing that more extensive testing has refined clinical practice. Some reasons for this situation are addressed, and it is suggested that attention to a few basic and common-sense principles can improve the utility and efficiency of evaluation of vocal dysfunction.
Mouse splenic and bone marrow cell populations that express high-affinity Fc epsilon receptors and produce interleukin 4 are highly enriched in basophils.

Abstract Splenic and bone marrow cells from normal mice, and from mice that have been polyclonally activated by injection of anti-IgD antibody, contain cells that produce interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to crosslinkage of Fc epsilon receptors (Fc epsilon R) or Fc gamma R or to ionomycin. Isolated Fc epsilon R+ cells have recently been shown to contain all of the IL-4-producing capacity of the nonlymphoid compartment of spleen and bone marrow. Here, purified Fc epsilon R+ cells are shown to be enriched in cells that contain histamine and express alcian blue-positive cytoplasmic granules. By electron microscopy, the vast majority of cytoplasmic granule-containing cells are basophils; they constitute approximately 25% and approximately 50%, respectively, of Fc epsilon R+ spleen and bone marrow cells from anti-IgD-injected mice. The Fc epsilon R- populations contain cells that form colonies typical of mast cells. The Fc epsilon R+ populations also contain cells that, upon culture with IL-3, form colonies of alcian blue-positive cells, but (in contrast to colonies derived from Fc epsilon R- populations) the colonies are small, and all the cells die within 2-3 weeks. The Fc epsilon R+ cells synthesize histamine during a 60-hr culture with IL-3, while the Fc epsilon R- cells do not. These results indicate that IL-4-producing Fc epsilon R+ cells are highly enriched in basophils.
The spillover effects of focused deterrence on gang violence.

BACKGROUND: Focused deterrence strategies attempt to increase punishment risks faced by violent gangs through the development of new and creative ways of deploying traditional and non-traditional law enforcement tools. In addition to increasing the swiftness and certainty of sanctions, these strategies explicitly communicate incentives and disincentives to deter likely gang offenders from violent behavior. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to determine whether focused deterrence strategies generate spillover deterrent effects on the gun violence behaviors of vicariously treated gangs that were socially tied to directly treated violent gangs. RESEARCH DESIGN: A nonrandomized quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the gun violence reduction effects of focused deterrence strategies on directly treated gangs and vicariously treated gangs. Propensity score matching techniques were used to identify balanced comparison gangs for the vicariously treated gangs. Growth curve regression models were used to analyze gun violence trends for treated gangs relative to comparison gangs. UNIT OF ANALYSIS: Quarterly counts of fatal and non-fatal shootings involving specific street gangs between 2006 and 2010 served as the units of analysis. MEASURES: Key outcome measures included quarterly shootings committed by specific gangs, shooting victimizations suffered by specific gangs, and the total number of shootings involving specific gangs. RESULTS: The focused deterrence strategy was associated with statistically significant reductions in total shootings by directly treated gangs and vicariously treated gangs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study finds that vicariously treated gangs were deterred by the treatment experiences of their rivals and allies. This suggests that focused deterrence strategies can generate spillover crime reduction effects to gangs that are socially connected to directly treated gangs. Language: en
Does the Graft Source Really Matter in the Outcome of Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? An Evaluation of Autograft Versus Allograft Reconstruction Results: A Systematic Review

BackgroundDespite the large number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions performed each year, there remains a significant controversy regarding the effect of the graft source on the functional outcome of patients.HypothesisThere is no difference in outcomes of autograft versus allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsThe authors systematically identified prospective studies (Oxford level of evidence I or II only) that included autograft patients, allograft patients, or both. Objective outcomes that were reported were meta-analyzed; this included pivot-shift results, KT-1000 arthrometer results, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm Scores, graft failures, and postoperative complications. Two statistical analyses were performed. First a primary statistical analysis was performed comparing pooled autograft data (bone–patellar–tendon bone and hamstrings combined) and pooled allograft data (bone–patellar–tendon bone and hamst...
Practice and Theory

The conversation between theory and practice is more subtle than it appears at first glance. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/pd20DQJH36o is a video in which author David Alan Grier expands on his Errant Hashtag column, discussing the interplay between theoretical research and practical business as it applies to big data.
Seasonal variation in the oviduct of female Agkistrodon piscivorus (Reptilia:Squamata): an ultrastructural investigation.

The annual oviductal cycle of the Cotton- mouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, is described using elec- tron microscopy. This is only the second such study on a snake and the first on a viperid species. Specimens were collected in reproductive and nonreproductive condition throughout the year and five ultrastructurally unique regions were recognized: the anterior infundibulum, pos- terior infundibulum, glandular uterus, nonglandular uterus, and vagina. Except for the anterior infundibu- lum and vagina, which exhibit no seasonal variation in ultrastructure, the oviduct becomes highly secretory at the start of vitellogenesis. This includes the entire lumi- nal border of the uterus, the tubular glands of the glan- dular uterus, and the luminal border and sperm storage tubules of the posterior infundibulum. The secretory materials produced in the oviduct vary among regions of the oviduct, and also can vary among time periods in the same region of the oviduct. Variation is especially evident in the sperm storage tubules. Secretory activity in the sperm storage tubules ceases after ovulation, but the tubular glands of the glandular uterus remain secre- tory until parturition, at which time secretory activity in the varying sections of the oviduct decreases dramati- cally. After parturition, the oviduct remains in a dor- mant state until the next reproductive season. The sea- sonal variation in oviducal morphology mirrors the tem- perate primitive reproductive cycle known for some pitvipers. Uterine glands of A. piscivorous are more sim- ilar in secretory activity to those of an oviparous lizard than a viviparous colubrid snake, suggesting variation in uterine gland morphology between snakes of different families. J. Morphol. 269:980-997, 2008. 2008 Wiley-
Characteristics of Yorkshire swine natural killer cells.

Abstract The present study examined the properties of NK activity in Yorkshire swine. The results support other porcine studies which indicate the swine NK system has both similarities and differences to this system in other species. Profiles of NK activity indicated swine NK cells are highly reactive against the YAC-1 lymphoma, the K-562 myeloid leukemia, the P-815 mastocytoma, and the TU-5 virally transformed fibroblast. In contrast, the MOLT-4 and SB leukemias are NK resistant. Kinetic studies indicated that in Yorkshire swine, NK lysis begins 6 h after mixing effectors and targets. The kinetics of the lytic reaction differ both from other breeds of swine and from other species, where cytotoxicity is readily measured in 4-h assays. The delayed lysis was not due to delayed target cell recognition, because Yorkshire swine NK cells are rapidly bound to tumor targets. The delayed lysis seems to be due to a refractoriness in the NK lytic mechanism. This delay may relate to the morphologic finding that the target-binding cell in Yorkshire swine appeared quite different from the large granular lymphocyte (LGL) reported as the NK effector in humans and rodents. Indeed, in light microscopic studies the typical tumor-binding cell in Yorkshire swine is a small, apparently nongranular, lymphocyte. Analysis of NK activity at the single cell level was performed with single effector-tumor conjugates immobilized in agarose. Generally, lysis by target binders paralleled sensitivity to lysis in 51 Cr release tests, indicating lysis in agarose may be used as an NK index in swine. Like other species, swine NK cells were found to be non-adherent lymphocytes with a characteristic tissue distribution. Peripheral blood and spleen had the highest levels of NK activity. Lymph node cells displayed a small amount of NK activity which was limited to the YAC-1 target, while thymocytes showed no appreciable NK activity against any of the cell lines tested.
A new remote control room for tokamak operations

Abstract This paper presents a summary of a new remote tokamak control room constructed near the offices of DIII-D's scientific staff. This integrated system combines hardware, software, data, and control of the room (R-232) into a unified package that has been designed and constructed in a generic fashion so that it can be used with any tokamak operating worldwide. The room is approximately 300 ft2 and can accommodate up to 12 seated participants. Mounted on the wall facing each scientist are five 52″ LCD televisions and mounted to the wall on their right are six 24″ LCD monitors. Each seat has associated with it a 24″ monitor, network connection, and power and the scientist is either provided with a computer or they can use their own. The room has been used for operation of DIII-D, EAST, and KSTAR. Due to the long distances, data from EAST and KSTAR was brought back to local DIII-D computers in one large parallel network transfer and subsequently served to scientists in the remote control room to other US collaborators. This parallel data transfer allowed the data to be available to US participants between pulses making remote experimental participation highly effective.
Collagenolytic (necrobiotic) granulomas: part 1--the "blue" granulomas.

A collagenolytic or necrobiotic non-infectious granuloma is one in which a granulomatous infiltrate develops around a central area of altered collagen and elastic fibers. The altered fibers lose their distinct boundaries and exhibit new staining patterns, becoming either more basophilic or eosinophilic. Within the area of altered collagen, there may be deposition of acellular substances such as mucin (blue) or fibrin (red), or there may be neutrophils with nuclear dust (blue), eosinophils (red), or flame figures (red). These color distinctions can be used as a simple algorithm for the diagnosis of collagenolytic granulomas, i.e. 'blue' granulomas vs. 'red' granulomas. Eight diagnoses are included within these two groupings, which are discussed in this two-part article. In the previously published first part, the clinical presentation, pathogenesis and histologic features of the 'blue' collagenolytic granulomas were discussed. These are the lesions of granuloma annulare, Wegener's granulomatosis, and rheumatoid vasculitis. In this second half of the series, the 'red' collagenolytic granulomas are discussed; these are the lesions of necrobiosis lipoidica, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, rheumatoid nodules, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and eosinophilic cellulitis (Well's Syndrome).
One-Hour Postload Plasma Glucose and Risks of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke among Nondiabetic Men and Women: The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry (CHA) Study

Associations of baseline one-hour postload plasma glucose with 22-year coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all cause mortality were assessed in five age-specific cohorts of nondiabetic men and women from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry: 10,269 men ages 18-39 years; 7993 men ages 40-59 years; 1240 men ages 60-74 years; 6319 women ages 40-59 years; and 932 women ages 60-74 years. Plasma glucose was determined one hour after a 50-gram oral glucose load. Cox regression analyses were used to control for age and other covariates. Generally, higher glucose was significantly associated with mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all cause mortality in men and women. This large longitudinal study provides evidence that one-hour postload plasma glucose in the absence of clinical diabetes at baseline apparently is an independent risk factor for fatal coronary heart disease and stroke in middle-aged and older nondiabetic men and women, and also for cardiovascular diseases and for all cause mortality.
Laboratory Tests with Turboprop Lubricants

The Modified SAE EP Lubricants Testing Machine and the McKee EP Lubricants Testing Machine use two contacting cylindrical test cups which are rotated at different speeds under load to give combined rolling and rubbing action typical of gear teeth. With these machines methods were developed for evaluating the anti-wear and the load-carrying properties of turboprop lubricants. Data are presented for 31 oils tested on the above machines, and for 25 of these oils also tested for stability at high temperatures on the McKee Oil Stability Apparatus. Contributed to the American Society of Lubrication Engineers by the author. Manuscript received 1 October 1957.
The effects of implementation fidelity in the "Towards No Drug Abuse" dissemination trial

PURPOSE: The current study aims to examine the influence of contextual and provider-level factors on the implementation fidelity of a research-based substance abuse prevention program. Also, it aims to investigate whether two provider-level factors, self-efficacy and beliefs about the value of the program, statistically moderate and mediate the effects of a provider training intervention on implementation fidelity. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Using generalized mixed-linear modeling, the authors examine relationships between program provider-, organizational, and community-level factors and implementation fidelity in a sample of 50 high school teachers from 43 high schools in eight states across the USA. Fidelity of implementation was assessed utilizing an observation procedure. FINDINGS: Implementation fidelity was negatively associated with the urbanicity of the community and the level of teachers' beliefs about the value of the program, and positively predicted by the organizational capacity of the school. Comprehensive training significantly increased teachers' self-efficacy, which resulted in an increase in implementation fidelity. Research limitations/implications: School-based prevention program implementation is influenced by a variety of contextual factors occurring at multiple ecological levels. Future effectiveness and dissemination studies need to account for the complex nature of schools in analyses of implementation fidelity and outcomes. Practical implications: The authors' findings suggest that both provider- and organizational-level are influential in promoting implementation fidelity. Before implementation begins, as well as throughout the implementation process, training and ongoing technical assistance should be conducted to increase teachers' skills, self-efficacy, and comfort with prevention curricula. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The present study is one of the few to examine contextual and provider-level correlates of implementation fidelity and use mediation analyses to explore whether provider-level factors mediate the effects of a provider training intervention on implementation fidelity. Language: en
The Positive Predictive Value of Paramedic Versus Emergency Physician Interpretation of the Prehospital 12-Lead Electrocardiogram

Background. Obtaining a prehospital 12-lead ECG may improve triage andexpedite care of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether the ECG should undergo physician review prior to activation of a percutaneous intervention (PCI) team is unclear. Objective. To document the positive predictive value (PPV) of the prehospital 12-lead ECG when interpreted by paramedics versus emergency physicians. Methods. This was a prospective, observational study. In November 2003, our local health care andemergency medical services (EMS) systems implemented a prehospital “cardiac alert” program in which patients suspected of having ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on the prehospital 12-lead ECG were diverted away from receiving facilities without emergent PCI capability andthe PCI team was mobilized. For the first year, a cardiac alert was activated by paramedics (Phase I). After the first year, the ECG was transmitted to the ED, with the emergency physician (EP) responsible for activation (Phas...
Evaluation of a technological standard for electronic chart systems

Abstract A technological performance standard for electronic chart systems has been under development at the international level since 1986. This standard was negotiated in IMO/IHO working groups largely before electronic chart systems enjoyed widespread use on commercial vessels. We describe a multi-year, collaborative effort to evaluate the proposed standard. While many of the recommendations arising from this evaluation have been incorporated in recent revisions of the IMO standard, concerns remain over restrictive database requirements. The economic and technical components of the approach to standards evaluation may provide a useful model for the evaluation of other proposed standards.
In situ thermal denaturation of proteins in dunning at-1 prostate cancer cells: Implication for hyperthermic cell injury

The in situ thermal protein denaturation and its correlation with direct hyperthermic cell injury in Dunning AT-1 prostate tumor cells were investigated in this study. The in situ thermal protein denaturation was studied using both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR spectra at different temperatures show changes in protein secondary structure (from alpha helix to extended beta sheet) during in situ thermal protein denaturation within AT-1 cells. Calorimetric studies using DSC show that endothermic heat release is associated with the in situ thermal protein denaturation. Furthermore, both the secondary structure changes detected by FTIR and the calorimetric changes detected by DSC were quantified and the kinetics of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation was derived under different heating conditions. The onset temperature where the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is first detectable was found to be scanning rate dependent (approximately 41 degrees C at 2 degrees C min(-1) and approximately 44 degrees C at 5 degrees C min(-1)). The kinetics of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation was derived from both DSC and FTIR measurements and was fit using kinetic and statistical models. The kinetic data determined by FTIR and DSC under the same heating conditions match well with each other. The activation energy of the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is found to be strongly dependent on the temperature range considered (the activation energy ranges from approximately 110 kJ mol(-1) between 44 and 90 degrees C to approximately 750 kJ mol(-1) between 44 and 50 degrees C). However, its dependence on heating rate is negligible. Several denaturation peaks, including a dominant one between approximately 62 and 65 degrees C, are identifiable from both the DSC and the FTIR results. To investigate directly the relationship between thermally induced cell injury and the in situ thermal protein denaturation, both acute (propidium iodide dye exclusion, assessed 3-h postthermal treatment) and chronic (clonogenics, assessed 7-day postthermal treatment) cell injury were quantified using AT-1 cells prepared under the same conditions as for the DSC protein studies. Comparisons of the results from the cell injury studies and the DSC protein denaturation studies show that the overall in situ thermal protein denaturation correlates well with both the acute and the chronic cell injury, which suggests that overall in situ thermal protein denaturation is an important mechanism of direct hyperthermic cell injury in AT-1 cells at the macromolecular level.
Mechanical Design and Modelling of a Robotic Planetary Drilling System

Deep space drilling is necessary for appropriate chemical and biological sampling for subsurface exploration. The Robotic Planetary Drilling System (RPDS), which is currently being developed by our team, is designed to be a compact self-propelled, steerable electromechanical drilling system that can penetrate into large depths in planetary bodies. In this paper we present the detailed innovative mechanical design of the RPDS. Its main components are: a) the drill bit/cuttings bucket, b) the rotary propulsion unit including novel three 3-degree of freedom (DOF) propulsion actuators, c) the power/control module, d) the non-rotating steering unit including three 1-DOF steering actuators and e) the communication module. Three 3-DOF propulsion actuators uniformly distributed around the rotary propulsion unit impart rotating, linear motion to the drilling bit, while another three 1-DOF steering actuators provide the steering force for automatic directional control. The RPDS is propelled in the manner of a turning screw, which offers simpler kinematics structure, higher efficiency and thus, potential for miniaturization and deep drilling. The mathematical modeling and analysis of the RPDS that were conducted to evaluate its performance are also being presented in this paper.© 2006 ASME
Results of a multicenter study of the modified hook-titanium Greenfield filter.

Abstract Initial efforts to modify the stainless steel Greenfield filter for percutaneous insertion led to development of a titanium Greenfield filter, which could be inserted by use of a 12F carrier. This device functioned well as a filter but had an unacceptable 30% rate of migration, tilting, and penetration. Therefore a titanium Greenfield filter with modified hooks was developed and has been tested in 186 patients at 10 institutions. Successful placement occurred in 181 (97%); placement of the remainder was precluded by unfavorable anatomy. A contraindication to anticoagulation was the most frequent indication for insertion (75%). All but two were inserted percutaneously, predominantly via the right femoral vein (70%). Initial incomplete opening was seen in four patients (2%), which was corrected by guide wire manipulation and asymmetry of the legs in 10 (5.4%). Insertion site hematoma occurred in one patient, and apical penetration of the cava during insertion occurred in a second patient. Both events were without sequelae. Follow-up examinations were performed at 30 days at which time 35 deaths had occurred. Recurrent embolism was suspected in six patients (3%) and two of three deaths were confirmed by autopsy. Filter movement > 9 mm was seen in 13 patients, (11%) and increase in base diameter ≥ 5 mm was seen in 17 patients (14%). CT scanning showed evidence of caval penetration in only one patient (0.8%). Insertion site venous thrombosis was seen in 4/46 (8.7%) patients screened. The modified hook titanium Greenfield filter is inserted percutaneously or operatively through a sheath, eliminating concern for misplacement from premature discharge. The modified hook design has reduced the incidence of migration and caval penetration, but proper orientation of the carrier in the vena cava is necessary to avoid leg asymmetry. No evidence was found of filter occlusion, but longer follow-up is needed to confirm late patency equivalent to the standard Greenfield filter. (J VASC SURG 1991;14:253-7.)
An all-fiber 2μm wavelength tunable mode-locked laser

We propose an all-fiber thulium-doped wavelength tunable mode-locked laser operating near 2 μm. Reliable self-starting mode locking over 50nm tuning range is observed using fiber taper based carbon nanotube (FTCNT) saturable absorber (SA). Spectral tuning is achieved by stretching another fiber taper.
Mechanism of interfacial bond failure

Abstract The mechanism of interfacial bond failure is discussed with reference to the maximum shearing strain energy theory for a steel/nylon 12/steel cross-lap joint and an aluminium/nylon 12 laminate. The tensile bond strength is found to increase with the degree of crystallinity of the adhesive, owing to its higher yield strength. The 180°-peel strength increases with the decrease in the crystallinity, due to its higher deformability. Interfacial bond failure occurs when the adhesive near the interface yields, under conditions such that the shearing strain energy reaches the value equivalent to the yielding point of the adhesive.
Investigation of acridinium labelling for chemiluminescence detection of peptides separated by capillary electrophoresis

An acridinium ester has been used to tag mixtures of peptides followed by separation by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. The labelling of the peptides was performed at the picomole level. The chemiluminescence reaction conditions were optimized for the acridinium tag resulting in CE separations performed on attomole amounts of tagged peptides. Baseline resolution was obtained for a separation of standard peptides. The detection sensitivity was found to improve when multiple acridinium labels were attached to the peptides. The effect of acridinium tagging on the migration rate of the peptides was also studied. The increased weight of the acridinium tagged analyte increased the run time and resolution of a separated tryptic digest without resulting in excessive band broadening.
Coherent plasmonic engineering in self-assembled reduced symmetry nanostructures

Multiple coherent effects including Fano resonances are observed in self-assembled reduced symmetry gold nanorod systems, in particular Dolmen configurations. The bottom-up chemical method provides high quality units and assemblies (single crystal with low surface roughness and sub 5 nm gaps) that reduce radiative losses from the plasmonic structures. Multiple dark and bright plasmonic resonances are observed in optical dark-field scattering measurements and electron energy loss spectroscopy. These high fidelity structures and narrow resonances are promising for future design of high figure of merit sensors, ultrafast switches and slow light devices for optical information processing.
Attachment transfer among Swedish and German adolescents: A prospective longitudinal study

This prospective longitudinal study investigated whether and in what way different functions of attachment relationships are transferred from parents to reciprocal relationship partners in adolescence. Furthermore, the impact of nationality, romantic relationship status, and individual differences in perceived attachment history and current attachment orientation on the timing and extent of transfer was examined. Adolescents from Sweden and Germany were studied over a 12- to 15-month time span. As predicted, the transfer generally unfolded in a step-by-step process in cross-sectional analyses. However, the predicted direction of transfer from parents to peers could not be confirmed in the prospective analyses. Adolescents who had formed a romantic relationship between assessments showed a stronger transfer from parents to peers compared to those who had not. German adolescents had transferred to a larger extent at Time Point 1, but Swedish adolescents caught up by Time Point 2. Finally, the combination of an insecure history with mother and high current anxiety was linked to a particularly high degree of prospective attachment transfer, whereas an insecure history with mother combined with high current avoidance predicted a particularly low degree of prospective transfer.
Review of Selected Papers on Hedge Funds

Several articles on hedge fund performance evaluation and persistence, risk measurement, style analysis, and diversification benefits are reviewed in this section.
Raman spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen and deuterium dissolved in vitreous silica

Earlier Raman studies confirming the molecular dissolution of protium and Geuterium in silica have been extended to include room-temperature measurements of the vibra ional-rotational Raman bands and the temperature dependence (11-800 K) of the $Q$ bands. Observation of the $S$ bands provides evidence for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ molecular rotation in vitreous silica. The temperature and isotope dependence of the $Q$-band frequency shifts are found to agree with predictions of a solubility model based on a single molecule in a small confining interstice. The origin and temperature dependence of the $Q$-band line shape are discussed within the context of various models which include inhomogeneous broadening, collisional broadening, and recent theories of motional narrowing.