cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ECG Diagnosis: Pulmonary Embolism.

Joel T Levis, MD, PhD, FACEP, FAAEM, is a Senior Emergency Medicine Physician at the Santa Clara Medical Center, and Clinical Instructor of Emergency Medicine (Surgery) at Stanford University. He is the Medical Director for the Foothill College Paramedic Program in Los Altos, CA. E-mail: joel.levis@kp.org. Figure 1. 12-lead ECG from a 68-year-old woman with new onset dyspnea on exertion. Demonstrates sinus tachycardia, prominent S wave in lead I, with Q wave and T wave inversion in lead III (S1Q3T3 sign), with inverted T waves in leads V1-V6. ST-segment elevation in leads aVR and V1 is also present. A computed tomography angiogram of the chest was performed, which demonstrated multiple, bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE).
Epidemiology of breast cancer. Findings from the nurses' health study.

Background. The epidemiology of breast cancer was reviewed in the context of hormonal, hereditary, histologic, and dietary risk factors. Methods. Literature review. Results. Late age at menarche and early age at first birth decrease the risk of breast cancer as does an early age at menopause. These risk factors relate to the lifetime exposure of the breast tissue to ovarian hormones. Although an early first birth is associated with a transient increase in the risk of breast cancer, perhaps as a result of the breast's exposure to high levels of hormones before terminal differentiation, in older women, parity is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer
The Problem with Human Rights Discourse and “Freedom” Indicators: The Case of Burma/Myanmar Media

This article details the inadequacies of the widely used Freedom House indices and globally dominant human rights discourse for accurately reflecting the degree of democratic change during two decades of Burmese media development. Drawing on more than 15 years of research and interviews with more than 70 Burmese journalists, activists, and policy makers of various ethnicities, along with analysis of Freedom House reports, the article demonstrates how the most cited indices underestimate the degree of democratic change. Their state centrism blinds these indices to the impact of exile Burmese media, and they fail to recognize transformative functions of media that move beyond the transmission of information. This is dangerous, especially given the need for ethnic reconciliation in this long-troubled country and the current rush to fund media development projects.
Nonidentification of Insurance Models with Probability of Accidents

In contrast to Aryal, Perrigne and Vuong (2009), this note shows that in an insurance model with multidimensional screening when only information on whether the insuree has been involved in some accident is available, the joint distribution of risk and risk aversion is not identi fied.
Protein prenylation in glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet β cell: a perspective

Insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell is regulated principally by the ambient concentration of glucose. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the stimulus – secretion coupling of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) remain only partially understood. Emerging evidence from multiple laboratories suggests key regulatory roles for GTP-binding proteins in the cascade of events leading to GSIS. This class of signalling proteins undergoes a series of requisite post-translational modifications (e.g. prenylation) at their C-terminal cysteines, which appear to be necessary for their targeting to respective membranous sites for optimal interaction with their respective effector proteins. This communication represents a perspective on potential regulatory roles for protein prenylation steps (i.e. protein farnesylation and protein geranylgeranylation) in GSIS from the islet β cell.Possible consequences of protein prenylation and potential mechanisms underlying glucose-induced regulation of prenylation, specifically in the context of GSIS, are also discussed.
Ligand-based pharmacophore modeling of 5-HT2A receptor biased agonism

The central dogma of pharmacology posits that ligands that function as agonists of a protein receptor will activate all effectors coupled to that receptor in equal proportions. A new conceptualizat...
Information support for sales and marketing: a case study at a small grocery manufacturer

Abstract As more managers are using data and analytic tools, such as spreadsheet software, organizations are attempting to determine how to best support them. In this paper, the impact of the information support on the work carried out by sales and product managers at one company is examined. Interviews were conducted with members of the MIS, product management, and sales organizations at a small grocery manufacturer. Information support consisted mostly of reports obtained from the company's sales system and of SAMI (supermarket warehouse withdrawal) reports. Product and sales managers used the information to learn about their business, to communicate to brokers and supermarket buyers, and to monitor performance. The principal benefit of the available data and analytic tools was enhancement of the sales and product manager's knowledge. Managers, however, expressed frustration at the lack of available data and analytic tools and felt that they could be at a disadvantage with respect to their competitors and buyers.
Outcomes of urinary diversion in children with spinal cord injuries.

Purpose: To gain a better understanding of the outcomes of the Mitrofanoff procedure for urinary diversion in children with spinal cord injury (SCI).Design: Descriptive retrospective.Participants/M...
A matrix transform imager allowing high-fill factor

We present a transform imager that performs computation at the pixel plane, but still holds to a fill factor greater than 40 percent. This imager is capable of programmable matrix operations on the image, where we can represent the image as either a full matrix or using block matrix operations. Each pixel is composed of a photodiode sensor element and a multiplier. We present experimental data and results from a signal pixel, the resulting computation, and effect of mismatch and offsets through this circuit. We present the results of computing a DCT/DST transform, as well as frequency response characterizations related to these results.
Liver glucose transporter: a basolateral protein in hepatocytes and intestine and kidney cells

The "liver" isoform of the facilitated diffusion glucose transporter is expressed predominantly in liver, intestine, kidney, and pancreatic islet beta-cells. The apparent molecular mass of the transporter in liver, kidney, and intestine is different, as detected by Western blot analysis of membrane proteins using antipeptide antibodies. However, as assessed by Northern blot analysis and molecular cloning, the same mRNA is expressed in these tissues, indicating that there are tissue-specific posttranslational modifications of the same transporter polypeptide. As determined by immunofluorescence analysis on frozen tissue sections, the liver glucose transporter is present on the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes, on the basolateral membrane of fully differentiated absorptive intestine epithelial cells, and on the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells of the kidney nephron. This localization is consistent with the involvement of the liver glucose transporter in several key steps of glucose metabolism: glucose uptake and release by the liver and absorption or reabsorption by epithelial cells of the intestine and kidney, respectively.
Free intracellular Mg2+ concentration and inhibition of NMDA responses in cultured rat neurons

The free concentration of Mgi2+, the second most abundant intracellular cation, is regulated at approximately 5–10 % of the total concentration of Mgi2+ through buffering, ion exchange and pumping (for reviews see Flatman, 1991; Romani & Scarpa, 1992). Mgi2+ modulates diverse types of ionic channels, including NMDA receptors, a glutamate receptor subtype important in many aspects of brain physiology and pathology (e.g. Morris et al. 1991; Sakimura et al. 1995; Choi, 1995; Rothman & Olney, 1995). In experiments on membrane patches from cultured neurons, Mgi2+ was found to block ionic conduction through the channel of the NMDA receptors (Johnson & Ascher, 1990; Li-Smerin & Johnson, 1996a). While Mgi2+ blocks, it weakly stabilises the open state of the channel of native NMDA receptors in membrane patches (Li-Smerin & Johnson, 1996b) and of some mutant receptors (Kupper et al. 1998), though not of wild-type receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes (Wollmuth et al. 1998; Kupper et al. 1998). Stabilisation of the channel open state weakens the ability of a channel blocker to inhibit steady-state currents (Neher, 1983). Correspondingly, Mgi2+ inhibits steady-state NMDA responses of outside-out patches somewhat less effectively than it inhibits single-channel currents (Li-Smerin & Johnson, 1996b). Intriguingly, Mgi2+ appeared to inhibit NMDA responses measured in whole-cell experiments much less effectively than steady-state responses measured in patch experiments (Li-Smerin & Johnson, 1996b). Potential explanations for this observation based on inadequate voltage control or a non-uniform [Mg2+]i in neurons were eliminated by experiments on Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with NMDA receptors (Li-Smerin et al. 2000). At least three other hypotheses can be considered to explain the discrepancy between inhibition by Mgi2+ in whole-cell and patch experiments: (1) [Mg2+]i during whole-cell recordings is maintained by cellular machinery below the [Mg2+] in the pipette solution; (2) patch excision enhances channel block by Mgi2+ implying that channel block is weak in intact neurons; and (3) patch excision attenuates stabilisation of the open state by Mgi2+ implying that Mgi2+ strongly stabilises the open state in intact neurons. Here we have tested these three hypotheses. We found that neither poor control of [Mg2+]i during whole-cell recording nor a change in channel block by Mgi2+ following patch excision could explain the preparation dependence of Mgi2+ inhibition. However, we found that patch excision weakens the ability of Mgi2+ to stabilise the channel open state, and that this effect can fully explain the difference between inhibition by Mgi2+ of whole-cell and patch currents. In addition to their implications for NMDA receptor regulation, our results permit estimation of the free [Mg2+]i of any cell that expresses NMDA receptors using cell-attached recordings.
Measuring colloidal forces using evanescent wave scattering

The evanescent wave scattering technique total internal reflection microscopy has enabled the direct measurement of the mean potential energy of interaction between a Brownian particle and a flat surface. With a distance resolution of 1 nm and a force resolution of 10 fN, this technique has successfully measured a variety of colloidal forces. Recent measurements of van der Waals interactions have given rise to new theories for the effect of surface roughness on the interaction. In addition, recent measurements of depletion interactions have shown that energetic as well as entropic effects must be considered when computing the interaction potential.
POLITICAL CONSERVATISM AND CONFIDENCE IN THE POLICE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT The present research explores the relationship between political conservatism and confidence in the police in the U.S. relative to the other industrialized societies. Data are from 17 national samples (N = 16,309) in the World Values Surveys. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, it is found that the higher the political conservatism the higher the confidence in the police. Further, compared with other members of the common law family, the U.S. public confidence is not high, but compared with continental western European countries and Japan, the U.S. public confidence in the police fares well.
The translation chain in some of the Hugo Wolf settings of the Spanisches Liederbuch

(1984). The translation chain in some of the Hugo Wolf settings of the Spanisches Liederbuch. Journal of Musicological Research: Vol. 5, No. 1-3, pp. 213-235.
DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

DFB quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) arrays operating between 8.7 and 9.4 mum are investigated for their performance characteristics-single-mode selection of the DFB grating, and variability in threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of different lasers in the array. Single-mode selection refers to the ability to choose a desired mode/frequency of laser emission with a DFB grating. We apply a theoretical framework developed for general DFB gratings to analyze DFB-QCL arrays. We calculate how the performance characteristics of DFB-QCLs are affected by the coupling strength kappaL of the grating, and the relative position of the mirror facets at the ends of the laser cavity with respect to the grating. We discuss how single-mode selection can be improved by design. Several DFB-QCL arrays are fabricated and their performance examined. We achieve desired improvements in single-mode selection, and we observe the predicted variability in the threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of the DFB-QCLs. As a demonstration of potential applications, the DFB-QCL arrays are used to perform infrared absorption spectroscopy with fluids.
Filler particle retention in paper fiber beds

Abstract The fiber mat formation and filtration properties of paper pulp suspensions are of considerable importance to the paper industry to predict properties of the paper formed from the pulp suspensions. The objective of this work is to model the filtration process and to compare the model results with experimental measurements. The long-term goals of this work are to develop a better understanding of the mat formation and filtration process so as to better understand the measurements from static formers and thus reduce waste from inferior pulp suspensions. Filtration of filler particles within cakes formed from pulp suspensions is modeled using principles of volume-averaged continuum theory applied to cake filtration of compressive fibrous mats. The retention of the filler particles in the fiber mat is significant to the paper industry because the filler particles contribute to the mechanical properties of the paper products.
The synthesis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of some nitro‐ and amino‐unsymmetrically meta‐substituted tetraphenylporphyrins

Procedures for the synthesis of new partially-substituted mesotetraphenylporphyrins (TPP's) are described. The 5-(3-nitrophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin is the primary product from a 1:2:3 molar ratio of m-nitrobenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrrole. The crude reaction product also contained TPP, 5,10-bis-(3-nitrophenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin, 5,15-bis(3-nitrophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin, and 5,10,15-tris-(3-nitrophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin. The crude mixture of m-nitrophenylporphyrins was reduced to a mixture of the corresponding amino derivatives, which was separated into TPP, 5-(3-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, 5,10-bis(3-aminophenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin, and 5,15-bis(3-aminophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin. The products were characterized by uv-visible and ir spectrophotometry, and by high resolution nmr spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.
Beyond Print: Object Collections in Academic Libraries

The academic library clings to its etymological roots; even a term such as “alternative materials” connotes print. Still, because of the recognition of recreational or instructional values, some audiovisual (AV) formats—traditionally, the sight‐sound media of film, recordings, and graphics— have become accepted (if not wholly embraced) in academic collections. Whether these nonprint materials are bibliographically and physically accessible is problematical: AV is often purchased from different budgets, housed separately, and indexed by a system different from that for the print collection. Nonprint also includes three‐dimensional objects (3D), materials equally useful as supplements to the printed page: a model, a simulation, the “real thing” itself. The literature indicates these materials are increasingly important in school and public library collections. We ask then, should objects be part of academic library collections, and what is the present status of these materials in academic libraries?
Intramolecular Energy Transfer The Fluorescence of Complexes of Europium

The characteristic line fluorescence of trivalent europium is excited in certain organoeuropium compounds by irradiation with light absorbed only by the organic part of the compound. The efficiency of excitation varies greatly with the nature of the compound, temperature, and solvent. Under optimum conditions, i.e., solution of a covalent compound at liquid‐air temperature, almost unit efficiency has been obtained. The decay time of the fluorescence is independent of quenching; quenching prevents excitation of the europium ion. There seems to be a steady gradation of efficiency of transfer from covalent to ionic compounds.
Renovascular disease in children

A 4-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis and a one-year history of hypertension was admitted for repeat renal arteriography and for renal vein renin determinations. Neurofibromatosis, manifested by cafe-aulait spots, cutaneous neurofibromata, and neurolipomas. had been diagnosed at age 6 months during evaluation of a large head circumference without hydrocephalus. Physical examination and growth and development were otherwise normal. The family history was negative for neurofibromatosis and hypertension. One year prior to admission, her blood pressure was 130—140/90 mm Hg during a routine checkup; she was asymptomatic at that time. Laboratory evaluation included normal urinalysis (specific gravity, 1.022; pH, 5.0; no albumin; no blood; no glucose; no ketones; and an unremarkable sediment). Urine culture showed no growth. Serum creatinine was 0.4 mg/dl; BUN, 12 mg/dl; sodium, 139 mEq/liter; potassium, 3.5 mEq/liter; chloride, 103 mEq/liter; carbon dioxide, 24 mmol/liter; calcium, 9.5 mg/dl; phosphate, 4.7 mg/dl; and blood sugar, 108 mgldl. A radionuclide renal scan showed equal function bilaterally, and an ultrasound examination of her kidneys and suprarenal areas was normal. A 'spot" VMA and plasma catecholamines also were normal; peripheral plasma renin activity was 4.0 ng/ml/hour. Renal arteriography revealed an ostial stenosis of the left renal artery. Renal vein renin levels were not obtained. She was treated with a combination of hydralazine, nifedipine, and enalapril, but her blood pressure failed to return to normal. Accordingly, elective repair of the ostial stenosis was performed using a left end-to-side splenorenal artery shunt. Hypertension persisted despite the apparently satisfactory revascularization procedure. Blood pressure
Richard Bradley's relationship with Sir Hans Sloane.

Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753) is remembered more for his activities in the spheres of science and medicine than for his original contributions to these fields. His large treatise on the natural history of Jamaica (2 vols., 1707- 1725) and other writings were useful additions to the scientific literature, but they were overshadowed by his activities as President of both the Royal Society (1727-1741) and the Royal College of Physicians (1719-1735) and by his having provided the collections which became the foundation of the British Museum. There is no definitive study on him, but the two recent biographies by De Beer and Brooks provide a good picture of his life and work (1). Sloane carried on a voluminous correspondence, and most of the letters written to him are preserved in the British Museum—largely unpublished (2). Among them are a dozen letters from Richard Bradley (1688?—5 November 1732), which throw somewhat more light on Bradley than on Sloane. They also illustrate the adverse conditions under which men without wealth have sometimes worked when pursuing scientific activities. Bradley was a prolific author of books on agriculture, horticulture, biology, and medicine. As will appear from his letters, he was often the pawn of booksellers, and John Martyn (1699-1768), his malicious rival, commented shortly after his death that ‘The booksellers have lost a good easy pad’ (3). Bradley was at times only a popularizer or a hack, but he also produced writings having scientific merit (4). Furthermore, he was a Fellow of the Royal Society and the first Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge. His correspondence with Sloane is therefore of interest for adding to our knowledge of both men and the scientific activities of their time.
Restoration of corticosteroid periodicity in obese rats by limited A.M. food access

Summary Absence of circadian periodicity of plasma corticosteroid levels has previously been reported to occur in animals maintained under constant light and in animals with suprachiasmatic nuclear lesions. Such animals also exhibit aperiodic rather than normal nocturnal eating. Restricted a.m. access to food (09.30–11.30 h) in such animals results in appearance of circadian corticosteroid periodicity (peak at 08.00 h) similar to that seen in normal animals on a similar food restriction regimen. The present study investigated the nature of adrenal circadian periodicity in obese rats who are reported to exhibit aperiodic feeding. Such aperiodic feeding occurred in obese male, but not in obese female, animals. These obese male animals manifested absent corticosteroid circadian periodicity. Restricted a.m. access to food was associated with the appearance of such periodicity similar to that described above in the two other experimental situations. These studies indicate differences in eating behavior and costicosteroid periodicity between obese male and obese female rats. They provide additional confirmation, in animals under normal light-dark conditions and in the absence of CNS lesions, of the role of periodic feeding in the generation of adrenal circadian periodicity.
Untangling Procedural and Distributive Justice Their Relative Effects on Gainsharing Satisfaction

Prior studies on fairness have investigated the conditions under which either procedural or distributive justice is more important to employees. One view holds that procedural justice is more important when the outcome is group-based, and distributive justice is more important when an outcome is individual-based. The second view is that distributive justice is more important when an outcome is high or positive, and procedural justice is more important when an outcome is low or negative. This study examined of the effects of procedural and distributive justice on satisfaction with gainsharing, which involves a group-based outcome. The study was conducted with two firm, one representing a high payout conditon and one a low-and zero-bonus payment. The results suggest that level of payout is important in the determination. Implication. Implications for research had for corporate we gainsharing are discussed.
Effect of plasma treatments on the steam-sour gas resistance and lubricity of elastomers†

Elastomers are widely used in drilling and logging applications as static seals such as casing packers and dynamic seals such as o-rings for drill bits. Static seals often fail in service because of thermochemical degradation due to the combined effects of steam and sour gas at elevated temperatures that are characteristic of deep wells. Dynamic seals frequently fail because of abrasive wear that occurs even at the low temperatures that prevail in shallow wells. We have shown that improved steam-sour gas resistance of a fully formulated ethylene-propylene rubber at elevated temperatures can be achieved by coating the rubber with a thin film of plasma polymerized tetrafluoroethylene. Thus, no change in the mechanical properties of the coated rubber was observed after exposure to steam and sour gas at 275/sup 0/C for 48 h. In contrast, the shear modulus of the upcoated rubber increased by 96% after the same exposure. While the effectiveness of the fluorocarbon coating decreased at longer exposure times, short-term protection of elastomers could be beneficial in certain logging operations. It was also found that the coefficient of friction of a nitrile rubber (Buna N) was reduced by 20% after treatment with a carbon tetrafluoride plasma. This enhanced lubricitymore » could lead to better wear characteristics in conventional drill bits where the seal is in contact with a moving metal surface. The surfaces of the plasma treated elastomers were characterized by water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.« less
Synchronization of estrus in beef heifers with a norgestomet implant and prostaglandin F2α

In a 5-year study (1973-1977), 281 cycling beef heifers were treated with a 7-day norgestomet (SC21009) ear implant and an intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) at the time of implant removal or 24 hr before implant removal. Percentages of heifers in estrus by 36, 48, 60, 72, and 120 hr after implant removal were 32.4, 52.7, 71.6, 80.1, and 93.2, respectively. Onset of estrus occurred an average of 49.8 +/- 4.7 hr after treatment. Percentages of heifers in estrus 36 hr after treatment were 5.7 and 51.7 for those with a corpus luteum and those without a corpus luteum (or determined regressing by palpation) at implant removal, respectively. When PGF(2alpha) was injected 24 hr before implant removal, 55% of the heifers were in estrus by 36 hr after implant removal compared to 30% when PGF(2alpha) was injected at the time of implant removal; however, by 60 hr after implant removal the difference was 76% vs. 71%. First-service conception rates for synchronized and nonsynchronized heifers were 62.2% and 59.6%, respectively. During 1976 and 1977 heifers were checked for estrus every 4 hr and inseminated 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30 hr after first detected to be in standing estrus. Conception rate was not significantly affected by time of insemination but tended to be higher for heifers bred 26 and 30 hr after first being detected in standing estrus (78.9% and 70.0% vs. average 59.2%). Treatment with a 7-day norgestomet implant plus a single injection of PGF(2alpha) 24 hr before or at implant removal appears to be a practical technique for synchronizing estrus in cycling heifers without affecting conception.
EFFECT OF THE LEVEL AND TYPE OF DIETARY FAT ON THE METABOLISM OF CHOLESTEROL AND BETA LIPOPROTEINS IN THE CEBUS MONKEY

A study was carried out to determine the effect of the level and type of dietary fat on the concentration of cholesterol and beta lipoproteins in the sera of Cebus monkeys. Three groups of monkeys were fed isocaloric diets containing a fixed ratio of alpha protein and cholesterol to calories but with different amounts of corn oil and sucrose. Corn oil provided 10, 32, and 45 per cent of the calories in the three diets, and the level of sucrose was varied inversely. After 8 weeks the serum cholesterol and Sf 12 to 100 beta lipoprotein concentrations were significantly greater in the medium and high fat groups. When corn oil was decreased from 45 to 10 per cent of dietary calories and sucrose was increased, the serum cholesterol fell in all cases, and when the reverse change was made, the concentration of serum cholesterol increased. Variation in dietary sucrose had no specific effect. Substitution of starch for sucrose with diets otherwise constant did not cause significant change in the concentration of serum cholesterol. When monkeys fed corn oil diets at any of three levels were changed to hydrogenated cottonseed oil diets at the same level, the serum cholesterol and Sf 12 to 100 beta lipoproteins rose. However, hydrogenated cottonseed oil had no greater hypercholesteremic effect than did corn oil in the absence of dietary cholesterol. Diets containing lard with cholesterol also produced strikingly greater serum lipide responses than did diets based on corn oil and cholesterol. Hydrogenated cottonseed oil had a greater hypercholesteremic effect than an unhydrogenated cottonseed oil from the same lot. Preliminary studies indicated that the saturated fats (hydrogenated cottonseed oil) produced the most striking elevation of serum cholesterol values (above controls fed corn oil) when casein was the dietary protein.
Power System Identification Through Simultaneous Model Selection and Bayesian Calibration

Computer models are very important to planning, operation, and control of power system. Although elements such as generators and transmission lines have been relatively well understood, developing a comprehensive power system model is a daunting task because challenges associated with loads modeling (they change all the time and utilities have very little control on). Unfortunately, inaccurate load models have serious implications such as unsafe operating conditions, power outages, under-utilization of system capacity, or inappropriate capital investment. This paper presents the use of state-of-the art Bayesian calibration framework for simultaneous load model selection and calibration. The approach aims at identifying configuration and reducing parameters uncertainty of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council’s (WECC) composite load model in the presence of measured field data. The success of the approach is illustrated with synthetic field data and a simplified model.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Changes in salinity and the endogenous release of neurotransmitters in the mussel, Mytilus Edulis

Abstract 1. Metachronal wave activity was studied on a nerve-gill preparation of Mytilus edulis . This is an indicator of lateral ciliary activity on the gill. 2. Nerve stimulation with 10 or 50 hz produced an accelerated or decreased the average rate in metachronal lateral wave activity respectively. 3. The low or high frequency electrical stimulation response could be significantly modified in the presence of decreasing salinities (36, 27, 18 and 9%) and EGTA (calcium chelator). 4. After prolonged electrical stimulation at the low and high electrical delivery, the cilio-excitatory and cilio-inhibitory response was gradually modified in the presence of changing salinities (36-6%) and EGTA plus lanthanum chloride (LaCl 3 ). The latter chemical agents in concert significantly altered the cilio-excitatory (low frequency electrical) to one of cilio-inhibition. 5. The normal increase of basal lateral metachronal wave activity to a gradual increase in salinity (6–36%) was significantly altered upon perfusion with EGTA and EGTA plus LaCl 3 . 6. The increase in lateral metachronal wave activity produced by perfusion with serotonin (5-HT) was not significantly changed in the presence of decreasing salinities. However, the endogenous release of this cilio-excitatory neurotransmitter was significantly effected by decreasing the salinity in the surrounding medium. 7. It is probable that decreasing salinity in the bathing medium (and in effect reducing calcium) plays a critical role in the endogenous release of 5-HT from the presynaptic nerve terminals in the gill.
The number of partially ordered sets

Abstract An unsolved problem in combinatorial analysis asks for G ∗ (n) , the number of different partial orderings which may be defined on a finite set containing n elements [2]. In the present paper we shall give a partial solution to this problem by interpreting a partial order relation as a non-singular idempotent Boolean relation matrix. The main results of this paper are as follows: (i) Enumerating the partial order relations which may be defined on a finite set containing n elements is equivalent to enumerating E ( n ), the set of all n × n non-singular idempotent Boolean relation matrices. (ii) The set E ( n ) and a special subset E ( n , r ) are defined. (iii) The number of interest is |E(n)|= ∑ r=0 n(n−1) 2 |E(n,r)| (iv) Formulas for | E ( n , r )| ( r = 0, 1, 2, 3, ( n ( m −1)/2) −2, ( n ( n −1)/2)−1, and n ( n −1)/2) are given.
Crack formation and oxidation in superplastically deformed Si3N4

Crack formation and oxidation during superplastic deformation of Si3N4 were studied and the superplastic forming ability of Si3N4 was discussed. Tensile deformation tests were conducted under a 1 atm nitrogen atmosphere at 1600 °C, and under a constant crosshead speed with an initial strain rate of 2×10−5s−1. The microstructures of superplastically deformed specimens were observed by SEM. The relation between chemical composition and microstructure was determined by EPMA. After 280% deformation (at fracture), the formation of regions rich in glassy phase was observed. These regions, supposed to be formed due to oxidation of cracks, appeared just before fracture. The present material is capable of being deformed up to strains of 210%.
Total Synthesis of Gymnoconjugatins A and B

Convergent and efficient syntheses of the microbial natural products gymnoconjugatin A and B are reported and were based on a linchpin coupling strategy using a boron/tin hetero-bis-metallated butadiene system.
Preoperative eating behavior, postoperative dietary adherence, and weight loss after gastric bypass surgery

Abstract Background To investigate the relationship between preoperative eating behavior, postoperative dietary adherence and weight loss after gastric bypass surgery in a major, urban medical center with a comprehensive bariatric surgery program. Despite the significant weight loss and dramatic improvements in co-morbidities associated with bariatric surgery, a significant minority of patients appear to experience suboptimal weight loss. The reasons for this are not well understood, but the suboptimal weight loss is often attributed to preoperative psychosocial characteristics and/or eating behaviors, as well as poor adherence to the recommended postoperative diet. Methods A prospective investigation was performed of 200 female and male patients who were studied both preoperatively and 20, 40, 66, and 92 weeks postoperatively. All patients underwent either open or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The measures were the percentage of weight loss, macronutrient intake, dietary adherence, and eating behavior. Results Gender, baseline cognitive restraint, and self-reported adherence to the postoperative diet at postoperative week 20 were associated with the percentage of weight loss at postoperative week 92. Those high in dietary adherence had lost 4.5% more weight at postoperative week 92 than those low in dietary adherence. Conclusion Baseline cognitive restraint and adherence to the recommended postoperative diet were associated with the percentage of weight loss after gastric bypass surgery. These results suggest the potential utility of pre- and/or postoperative dietary counseling interventions to improve the postoperative outcomes.
Automorphism groups of algebras of triangular matrices

Abstract If A is an algebra of n X n matrices over an integral domain, we can associate with A a graph whose edges are pairs ( i , j ) such that the ( i , j ) entry of every element of A is zero. The graph in turn defines a group of permutations and automorphisms of A which are conjugations by permutations matrices. For a suitably restricted class of algebras A we show that the automorphism group of A is the semidirect product of this group of permutation matrices with the subgroup of inner automorphisms.
Platelet-induced expression of FcγRIII (CD16) on human monocytes

Monocytes constitutively express Fc receptor (FcR) for IgG type I (CD64) and type II (CD32), but not type III (CD16). Prior studies have indicated that in vitro culture of monocytes results in spontaneous induction of CD16, but this phenomenon has been variable and the mechanism unexplained. Here, we demonstrate that activated platelets are responsible for induction of CD16 on monocytes, as a consequence of TGF-beta release. Local release of TGF-beta by activated platelets at sites of tissue damage may induce CD16 on infiltrating or resident monocytes that in turn facilitate the function of these effector cells. The FcR on these CD16+ monocytes is functionally competent, and enables the monocytes to kill murine anti-CD16 hybridoma cells. CD16 expressed on platelet-activated monocytes is structurally similar to the transmembrane-anchored CD16-II polypeptide expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. However, whereas CD16-II on NK cells is co-associated with CD3 zeta, we were unable to detect CD3 zeta transcript or protein in monocytes. Transcripts for the gamma subunit of the high-affinity IgE FcR (Fc epsilon RI-gamma) were detected in monocytes, and presumably gamma proteins are co-associated with CD16-II in these cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis of Fc epsilon RI-gamma cDNA derived from both NK cells and cultured monocytes indicated identity with the structure previously cloned from basophils. Since CD16+ monocytes can kill anti-CD16 hybridoma cell targets in the absence of CD3 zeta, these results indicate that CD3 zeta is not essential for signal transduction in CD16-II-mediated cytotoxicity.
Kinetin, as a Mitotic Stimulant in Triturus viridescens

MILLER et al.1–3 presented evidence that kinetin when used together with indolyl-3-acetic acid increased cell proliferation in tobacco callus tissue. These authors isolated kinetin from the DNA of herring sperm and calf thymus. Since that time additional evidence indicating that kinetin acts as a mitotic stimulant on plant tissues has been presented. Guttman4 reported a larger proportion of division figures in the meristematic region of roots of Allium cepa following 4 and 24 hr. treatment with kinetin. Torrey5 noted that kinetin together with 2,4-D initiated frequent mitoses in tetraploid muclei in excised callus tissue from mature pea roots. In the absence of kinetin the tetraploid nuclei remained in the resting state. The action of kinetin on animal tissues is still controversial. Cudkowicz6 treated mice with kinetin following irradiation and compared these with mice that were simply irradiated. He noted that irradiation inhibited mitoses in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. The return to the normal mitotic rate was enhanced by treating the mice with kinetin following irradiation.
Fresnel equations and transmission line analogues for diffraction gratings

A simple and intuitive formalism is presented to describe diffraction in multi-layered periodic structures. We use the well known results from scalar analysis (wave propagation in homogeneous layered media) and show that they can be generalized rather readily to vector problems such as diffraction analysis. Specifically, we derive: (1) generalized Fresnel equations appropriate for reflection and transmission from an infinitely thick grating, (2) a generalized Airy formula for thin-film to describe reflection and transmission of light through a lamellar grating and (3) a matrix propagation method akin to that used for multi-layer thin film analysis. The results developed here complement the recent work on R-matrix and S-matrix propagation algorithms that have been used in connection with modal and differential grating theories. These algorithms have proven to be numerically stable for calculating diffraction efficiencies from deep groove gratings. The formalism developed here expands upon the earlier literature by providing important details that are hitherto unavailable.
Nonuremic hyperosmolality produced by sodium depletion

Abstract Rats were rapidly sodium depleted by a 4-hr intraperitoneal dialysis against isotonic glucose, and various serum and urine measures were taken at 4, 12 and 20 hr from the start of dialysis for dialyzed and control groups. No food or water was allowed during this postdialysis period. At 4 hr, dialyzed animals were hyponatremic, hypovolemic, hyposmolal and oliguric. This was followed by a general picture of renal sodium and chloride saving and a return of relatively normal urine volume. Plasma volume and electrolyte concentration became approximately normal as did urine glucose and urea clearances. However, serum osmolality progressively increased relative to control groups, and at 20 hr was 22.5 mOsm greater than controls. Of this difference, 15.1 mOsm was not accounted for by the osmotic equation calculated from serum sodium, glucose and blood urea nitrogen. These body water distortions in concentration and locus are discussed in the light of increased water and NaCl intakes observed in our previous research.
Mothproofing Investigations with Barthrin and Dimethrin

Fabrics treated with barthrin and dimethrin were given satisfactory protection from black carpet beetle larvae, Attagenus piceus (Olivier). in standard mothproofing tests. In feeding tests, after the treated cloth had been washed or drycleaned, the barthrin residues resisted washings but not drycleanings. Dimethrin residues were not very resistant to either washings or drycleanings. After the treated test fabric had aged 1 year, the barthrin-treated cloths still were protected from insect feeding. Only the cloths treated with the lowest deposit of dimethrin had very light damage.
Low-Energy Gamma Radiation from the Bombardment of Carbon by Protons

Weak, low-energy capture radiation has been observed when ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ is bombarded by protons of energy 1-3 Mev. From the observed dependence of gamma-ray energy on proton bombarding energy, it is concluded that the radiation arises from a transition to the 2.369-Mev level in ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$. Since the latter level is unstable to proton emission a second gamma ray is not observed. The excitation curve for this reaction shows an anomaly in the neighborhood of 1.7 Mev, which can be explained as resulting from the interference of a nonresonant $p$-wave radiation with the radiation from the 3.511-Mev, ${P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ level in ${\mathrm{N}}^{13}$.
Do Tregitopes have the potential to impact the current treatment landscape of autoimmune diseases

Tregitopes are regulatory T-cell epitope sequences contained in IgG that were discovered by the team of De Groot and Martin in the course of searching for T effector (Teff) epitopes in monoclonal a...
Comparative studies of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations with host-mediated, dominant lethal, and cytogenetic assays

Abstract Recent reports have advocated the use of a battery of tests for evaluating the mutagenic potential of chemicals. The present study was undertaken to compare three such procedures: the host-mediated, the dominant lethal, and the in vivo cytogenetic assays, using the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). The relative sensitivities of the three assay procedures were determined by establishing dose-response curves and no-effect dose levels. Dominant lethal effects were not evident until a dose of 150 mg/kg was used. Cytogenetic studies indicated significant breakage of somatic cell chromosomes did not occur until a dose of 115 mg/kg was utilized. Ethyl methanesulfonate is most effective on these cells in the late S or early G 2 phases of the cell cycle. The host-mediated assay was the most sensitive of the three procedures with a statistically significant response detectable at 35 mg/kg. This difference in sensitivities may reflect a difference in repair mechanisms between microbial and mammalian cells.
Regulation of Prostaglandin E2 synthesis in human amnion by protein kinase C

Abstract A role for protein kinase C (PKC) in mediation of prostaglandin E 2 synthesis in human amnion cells has been suggested. We have investigated the specificity of the stimulation of PGE 2 synthesis by phorbol esters and employed putative PKC inhibitors to demonstrate the specificity of PKC stimulation. The three phorbol esters, tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and phorbol-12,13-didecanoate gave concentration-dependent (10 −10 – 10 −7 M) increases in PGE 2 synthesis when added to aminon cells in monolayer, however, no effect was seen with the structurally similar phorbols phorbol-12-13-diacetate, 4α phorbol-12-13-didecanoate or phorbol base. The stimulatory effect of TPA (10 −8 M) on amnion PGE 2 synthesis could be prevented by coincubation with the putative protein kinase C inhibitors 1-(5-isoquinoline sulphonyl) piperazine, 1-0-octadecyl-2-0-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sphingosine and chlopromazine at concentrations of 10 −6 –10 −4 M. Addition of the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D at 10 −6 –10 −5 M prevented TPA (10 −8 M)-induced PGE 2 synthesis. However, paradoxically, a further increase in PGE 2 synthesis was seen when 10 −9 –10 −7 M actinomycin D was added together with TPA. The phospholipase A 2 inhibitor quinacrine was able to prevent the TPA-induced increase in PGE 2 synthesis even in the presense of exogenous arachidonic acid suggesting that phospholipase A 2 may be a target for PKC action.
An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of durable silver coatings

Corrosion protection behavior of SiNx coated silver-mirror investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and compared with results from humidity testing. A 3 A NiCrNx interlayer between SiNx and Ag afforded denser SiNx film and enhanced mirror-durability.
The PI3-Kinase Serine Kinase Phosphorylates Its p85 Subunit and IRS-1 in PI3-Kinase/IRS-1 Complexes

Abstract Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity accounts for tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), but the serine kinase(s) responsible for serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 is(are) unknown. In vitro kinase assays performed on PI3-kinase and IRS-1 immunoprecipitates demonstrated insulin-dependent serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. IRS-1 was associated with both insulin-dependent and independent serine kinases. Only the insulin-dependent serine kinase preferred Mn2+ over Mg2+ and was recovered from cell lysates containing dithiothreitol. In complexes of tyrosine phosphorylated recombinant IRS-1 and PI3-kinase, phosphorylation of IRS-1 was associated with decreased phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PIS-kinase. These results are consistent with PI3-kinase being responsible for insulin-dependent serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and suggest that this phosphorylation reaction may affect functions of both IRS-1 and the PI3-kinase.
Paraphyly of Section Stygnanthe (Columnea, Gesneriaceae) and a Revision of the Species of Section Angustiflorae, a New Section Inferred from ITS and Chloroplast DNA Data

Abstract Morphological data have produced conflicting results when analyzing evolutionary relationships within Gesneriaceae due to convergence of morphological characters. Columnea, the largest Neotropical genus in Gesneriaceae subfamily Gesnerioideae, has had a convoluted taxonomic history due to this convergence. Previously, the 200 + species of Columnea were placed in 14 genera, with up to nine sections in the genus; most recently classifying the species in a single genus with five sections. Phylogenetic analyses presented here included 129 accessions representing 90 species for five chloroplast gene regions (trnQ-rps16 spacer, rpl32-trnLUAG spacer, rps16 intron, trnS-G spacer, and trnH-psbA spacer) and nuclear ribosomal ITS to build a well-supported topology that can test the previously proposed subgeneric classifications. Our goal was to test the monophyly of section Stygnanthe, one of the five sections that encompasses 18 species based on floral morphology. Fifteen species of Stygnanthe and four spe...
NALIDIXIC ACID BY INTRAVENOUS INFUSION A Report of 50 Cases

SUMMARY Nalidixic acid was given by intravenous infusion to 50 patients with infected urine; 1 g. of the sodium salt was diluted with at least 500 ml. saline and given 3 times a day for 1–4 days. There were no side effects. The full 14-day course was then completed by mouth. Results were excellent in half the patients, with sterile urine 14 days after completion of the course.