cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UPSiDE: Power and water for a Primary School in the Wakiso district of Uganda

The goal of the Ugandan primary school designed for the environment (UPSiDE) project was to provide users of a primary school in the Wakiso district of Uganda with potable water and with electricity. Team UPSiDE followed Gibsonpsilas six steps of systems analysis and expanded on them to include iterations of creating prototypes and testing. After alternative evaluation, Team UPSiDE worked to design a power system with photovoltaic panels, direct current, copper wires, and fluorescent lights, and a water system using rain collection, sand filtration, and solar disinfection. By April 2008, the designs will be completed and tested to meet all initial requirements so that construction of the primary school and the two systems can begin in the summer of 2008.
Research in crisis: new analytical tools for the humanitarian architect

In the preface to Design Like you Give a Damn, the much-publicized catalogue of humanitarian design edited by Architecture for Humanity, author Kate Stohr charts “100 years of humanitarian design”, starting with the government-sponsored sheds built after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and concluding with the dozens of humanitarian projects featured in the volume itself. In the process, Stohr highlights a troubling trend. From the well-documented failures of early modernist housing to the minimal range of current work by Rural Studios and others, Stohr’s survey of over 100 years humanitarian design contains few, if any, projects that have successfully empowered, invigorated, or unified communities in the long-term. Although designers are quite divided as to the reasons for this checkered history, recent work within the field of development communication might suggest a cause. Historically, the practices of development communication, like those of humanitarian design, have been based upon a diffusion model of practice. In this model, the chief purpose of a development campaign is to provide information that will persuade individuals to change their behavior for the good of many. For myriad reasons, this model failed to work. In response, communication experts developed the participatory model, a practice that trades the top-down processes of information transfer for techniques that promote a continual exchange of information between the players in the project. In the participatory model, the practitioner works with community members to continually reassess their needs and collaboratively design methods to address them. This paper will use the participatory models of development communication to evaluate current practices of the humanitarian designer. As a framework, this writing will accept two methods of assessment: the work of Dr. Jacobson, who has adapted the principles of Jurgen Habermas to offer a new model of evaluation for participatory projects and the post-occupancy evaluation model commonly deployed by architects. From this evaluation, this writing will propose several techniques of pre- and post-occupancy research and evaluation for the humanitarian architect.
Immune response induced by irradiated B16F0 vaccine diminish melanoma lung metastasis in mouse model

2848 Background and Purpose: Melanoma has had a rising incidence in the United States over the past years. The aim of this study is to develop a novel protocol of stimulating immune response of melanoma carrying mice by irradiating and then surgical remove tumor to reduce melanoma metastatic disease.Methods:B16F0, mouse melanoma, in cell culture were irradiated with 25 Gy and incubated for 0, 6, and 24 hours, and then the cells growth on histological slides were fixed for CRT (calreculin), a potential immunogenicity of tumor cells, immunofluorescence staining. According to CRT expression following radiation from experiment 1, 1x 106 irradiated B16F0 cells were injected subcutaneously into the back neck of C57 mouse at 6 hours after 25 Gy. Control group were only received medium injection. 12 days after irradiated B16F0 vaccine injection, 0.8 x10 untreated B16F0 cells were implanted subcutaneously into the right hind limb on control and vaccine injection C57BL6/J mice. Tumor growth delay study were performed, and meanwhile B16F0 tumor tissues from control and vaccine injection mice were sampled for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) assay with whole mount histology technique for CD8+ T cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) detection. 0.5 x 106 B16F0 cells in 50 μl of medium were injected into the small previous made skin pouch on the right lateral abdomen of C57 mice. B16 F0 tumors (about 5-6 mm in diameter) of the irradiation + surgical remove group (6 mice) at 6 days after implantation were irradiated with 25 Gy. 300 ng of interleukin 2 was injected subcutaneously near tumor for the irradiation + surgical remove group at day 3 and 4 after irradiation. The tumor surgical remove group (5 mice) received shamed irradiation. The tumors were removed by surgery at day 5 after irradiation or shamed irradiation. 0.25 x 106 untreated B16F0 were injected each mouse through tail vein. The mice were sacrificed at day 12 after tail vein injection and the lungs were sampled for surface B16F0 nodes count. Results: CRT strongly expressed on the cell membrane surface of B16F0 after 25 Gy, 6 hours point had maximum expression. Irradiated B16F0 vaccine caused 5-7 days tumor growth delay comparing with the control group. The CD8+ T cell IHF staining showed that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes significantly appeared in B16F0 tumor tissues after irradiated B16F0 vaccine injection but control B16F0 tumor tissues had very few of CD8 + T cells positive staining. The counting of B16F0 nodes on lung surface resulted respectively the irradiation + surgical remove group: 4.2 ± 2.7, surgical remove group: 53.2 ± 9.5, and control group: 93.2 ± 17.1. Conclusion:Irradiated B16F0 vaccine can induce immune response that diminishes melanoma lung metastasis in mouse model.
Growth and institutions in the transition: How do Belarus, Russia and Ukraine compare to others

Early growth theory from the time of the Solow model focused on factors of production and their productivity, and led to econometric estimates of the sources of growth measuring just these factors. Revived interest in growth as exemplified by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995) attempted to inquire about a much wider range of conditions which contribute to greater factor accumulation and productivity. Johnson and Subramanian (2005) note that to answer this question "attention has turned increasingly to institutions"; their paper provides a useful recent survey of the links between growth and institutions. This link has also received considerable attention in the transition literature starting with the ex ante debates between gradualists and big-bang proponents , which may be most usefully seen as a debate on the on the sequencing of stabilization, liberalization and institution building. This vast literature is reviewed in Kolodko, 2004. So far only a small number of empirical studies of this link have been done and generally at a fairly broad level. (Moers 1999, Havrylyshyn and van Rooden 2002, Beck and Laeven 2005).This paper builds on the latter addressing three aims: describing the path of institutional development followed in three transition countries, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; situating their achievements in comparison to other transition economies in the region; and providing a tentative assessment of the role that institutions have played in the CIS growth recovery. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 reviews the empirical literature on determinants of recovery in transition, including in particular macrostabilization, liberalization, and institutional development. Section 3 provides some measures of institutional progress in the three countries and compares them to trends in other groups of transition economies, while Section 4 addresses the relationship between growth on the one hand and the three key determinants noted. The issue of the post-2000 surge of growth in the CIS is discussed here as well. Finally Section 5 summarizes what is known and what remains unclear on the institutions-growth link for transition economies.
The Impact of IoT on Economic Growth: A Multifactor Productivity Approach

The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments in macroeconomic growth via multifactor productivity (MFP) has been characterized as a three-stage process, starting with a period of technical adoption, a plateau of increased productivity, and a diminished returns phase due to saturation. As the Internet of Things expands the ICT application domain, it has the potential to avoid the MFP growth stagnation related to ICT capital surplus observed in industrialized economies. This paper suggests a research direction for analyzing the impact of IoT on economic growth.
Modeling network organizations: A basis for exploring computer support coordination possibilities

In recent years, network organizations have gained much attention as more and more of them have emerged in various industries. The problem of coordination within network organizations is an important one that differs in major ways from coordination within hierarchies or markets. We contend that computer technology has a potential for usefully supporting coordination efforts in networks. As a basis for studying such potential in a systematic way, a formal model of network organizations would be helpful, particularly to the extent that it represents coordination possibilities. From a long‐term perspective, the success of a network organization depends on more than efficient transaction processing. It also depends on factors such as participant reliability, motivation, mutual trust, cooperation, creativity, and prudent evolution. All of these are related to the issue of a participant's value (past, current, ongoing, changing) to the network. We introduce a model that formalizes some key aspects of network or...
Anteromedial approach to assess the right heart on echocardiography: using a modified apical 4-chamber view for interpretation of the right heart.

n today’s ultrasound community, sonographers sometimes forget about the extra steps we can take to improve a patient’s end result while visiting our lab. How many times have we called a patient back to reassess a valve lesion or to look at pressures that were uninterpretable? Let us not be afraid to manipulate our technical ability to provide the absolute best in imaging. The right heart is difficult to image with echocardiography because of the location, size, and available windows (Figure 1). The traditional apical 4-chamber view allows for a direct, parallel image of the left ventricle and atrium. However, trying to maneuver the probe from this particular area may only bring in more lung artifacts or decrease the appropriate angle we were trying to achieve. Right ventricular inflow patterns, tissue Doppler imaging, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and tricuspid regurgitation interrogation can be of important use in determining a patient’s care plan, given the appropriate angles. We must ask ourselves, are we doing everything we can to provide the necessary information to the reading physician? As a veteran cardiac sonographer, I am compelled to pay close attention to the left ventricle, as it is the “main” pumping chamber of the heart. In this case, we will go out of our way, in difficult cases, to give the reading physician the best we have so the physician might see the endocardium a little clearer. Sonographers must give the physician this information to assess numerous pathologic questions. The reading physician should be given the same opportunity on the right side of the heart. Congestive heart failure, hypertension, valve lesions, and congenital heart defects affect the right side as well. How many patients have had complications because a rightsided congenital defect was overlooked? In most cases, the sonographer can easily slide the probe medially from the traditional 4-chamber view. Looking at the monitor, the atria will be seen moving to the left of the screen, while the apex stays somewhat midline. To improve the parallel flow angle, move anteriorly one rib space if needed (Figure 2). Traditionally, foreshortening the 4-chamber view is frowned upon; however, this movement improves the visualization of this particular area of the heart. Cardiologists are looking to assess right ventricular hypertrophy, tricuspid valve lesions, new findings of congenital defects or ones that might have been missed, pacemaker/defibrillator leads (including infection of the leads), and more.1 One of the most common mistakes made in the field today is underesAddress correspondence to James Michael Rampoldi, RDCS, RVT, The Heart Hospital of Baylor Plano, Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Care, 4716 Alliance Blvd, Pavilion II, Suite 300, Plano, TX 75093 USA. E-mail: james.rampoldi@baylorhealth.edu I
Continuous chest wall ropivacaine infusion for analgesia in children undergoing Nuss procedure: a comparison with thoracic epidural

Summary Background Pain following Nuss procedure is severe and its management is challenging. Many different pain treatment modalities are currently being used, but none of them have been found to be ideal. Aim In this retrospective review, we compare our current multimodal approach, which involves continuous ropivacaine infusion through chest wall catheters (CWC), intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA), and adjunctive medications (gabapentin and clonidine), with the technique that we used in the past, the thoracic epidural catheter (TEC). Methods Following IRB approval, we performed a retrospective analysis of data on 32 patients who underwent the Nuss procedure at our institution. All children were divided into two groups: TEC group: 0.2% ropivacaine and hydromorphone 10 mcg·ml−1 epidural infusion (n = 15) and CWC group (with IV-PCA and adjuncts [gabapentin + clonidine]): 0.2% ropivacaine infusion and hydromorphone PCA, oral gabapentin, and transdermal clonidine patch (n = 17). Results Both the groups were demographically similar. Average numeric pain scores were higher in the CWC group only on the day of surgery (mean ± sd: 3.79 ± 1.58 vs 2.68 ± 1.30; 95% CI: −2.16 to −0.05). Pain scores on postoperative day 1 (mean ± sd: 3.40 ± 1.59 vs 3.35 ± 1.32; 95% CI: −1.11 to 1.01), day 2 (mean± sd: 3.39 ± 1.79 vs 2.99 ± 1.06; 95% CI: −1.50 to 0.70), and on the day of discharge (DOD) (mean± sd: 3.25 ± 1.84 vs 3.99 ± 1.28; 95% CI: −0.42 to 1.89) were comparable between the groups. The CWC group needed fewer changes in the therapeutic regimen to maintain acceptable pain relief, had lower incidence of nausea and vomiting, had shorter anesthesia time, total OR time, and hospital length of stay. Conclusion TEC provided better analgesia following the Nuss procedure only on the day of surgery. On the subsequent days until discharge, pain scores were comparable. However, CWC offered other advantages: it was less labor intensive and had fewer side effects, shorter OR time, and shorter hospital stay.
Analyzing 1149 drug resistant M.tuberculosis

Objective:To understand the levels of drug resistance and multi-drug resistance for the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in Ningbo,and to provide evidence for tuberculosis control.Methods:The proportion method was used in drug sensitivity test according to the guidelines recommending by WHO.Results:The total drug resistance rate was 34.6%,the initial and acquired drug resistance rate was 29.8% and 61.7%,respectively,and the multi-drug resistance rate was 8.8%.Conclusion:The tuberculosis drug resistance was increasing in Ningbo,and the tuberculosis control departments should pay more attention to this situation.
Dynamic analysis of the test results of a new high tuberculinin Leling City

Objective To a new high of tuberculin test results in Leling City,and provide evidence for effective TB prevention.Methods Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin of a middle school in Leling City,2011,2012,2013 a total of 5 733 freshmen in high(PPD)test,the strong positive sternum further diagnosis.Results The positive rate of PPD test in 5 733 freshmen of 25.22 %,the strong positive rate is 7.74 %,the PPD test results of the annual,gender was statistically significant.Conclusions The tuberculosis control work of the school still can not be ignored,to carry out PPD screening is important work on tuberculosis prevention in freshmen.
Recurrent Support Vector Machines for Audio-Based Multimedia Event Detection

Multimedia event detection (MED) is the task of detecting given events (e.g. parade, birthday party) in a large collection of video clips. While the most useful information comes from visual features and speech recognition, a lot can also be inferred from the non-speech audio content, either alone or in conjunction with visual and speech cues. This paper studies MED with non-speech audio information only. MED is usually performed in two stages. The first stage generates a representation for each clip in the form of either a single vector or a sequence of vectors, often by aggregating frame-level features; the second stage performs binary or multi-class classification to decide whether each target event occurs in each clip. Common classifiers used for the second stage include support vector machines (SVMs), feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this paper, we propose to classify clips for events using "recurrent SVMs". These models combine the kernel mapping and the large-margin optimization criterion of SVMs, and the ability to process sequences of variable lengths of RNNs. Reinforced with data augmentation, recurrent SVMs have achieved higher mean average precision (MAP) on the TRECVID 2011 MED task than both SVMs and RNNs.
Surgical Fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s Contracture

Dupuytren’s contracture is a fibroproliferative disorder causing cosmetic and functional deficits of the hands. Surgical intervention is typically recommended when the contractures of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints reach 30° and 15–20°, respectively. Collagenase injections and percutaneous fasciotomy have a role in the treatment of select patients and are discussed elsewhere in this textbook. At present, partial fasciectomy remains the gold standard treatment option, particularly for severe, extensive, or recurrent contractures. Open fasciotomy, segmental aponeurectomy, and radical fasciectomy are less commonly utilized. Dermatofasciectomy is useful in cases of severe contractures or recurrence, especially when the disease has become intimately involved in the overlying skin. Alternatively, the open palm technique is a well-established and successful treatment option in cases of contracture correction with resulting skin deficit. The open wound heals by secondary intention. Surgical fasciectomy is typically a well-tolerated outpatient procedure with low risk of serious complication. Operative management focuses on resection of diseased tissue only and careful protection of neurovascular structures. Patients must be counseled on the risk of recurrence and/or extension, which varies from 8 to 54 %. Early-onset disease and ectopic foci increase this risk further. Postoperative management focuses on wound healing and early motion exercises.
The “ Perestroika ” of Retail Trade

Organized explicitly like a “Five and Dime” in the United States, the unit price store that opened in April 1937 on Moscow’s Kirov Street was a model of innovation, efficiency, and convenience compared to most Soviet stores.1 It featured a panoply of manufactured goods, including haberdashery, household items, and toys. It sold merchandise that was premeasured and sorted, allowing for speedier sales transactions. Because the store displayed merchandise on open shelves with premarked prices, customers could see goods and their costs without the assistance of a salesclerk. The store’s distinguishing feature was its policy of selling all merchandise according to eleven fixed prices of “2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, and 25 rubles.” This scheme simplified things for store employees and customers alike by obviating the need to deal with small change.2 The unit price also introduced “bundling,” a “new way of selling goods” that involved selling different items together in a set. One toy set “Voroshilov gunner,” for example, featured a toy helmet, mini-cannon, rifle, and other accessories which could not be purchased separately. Standardization of prices allowed for further rationalization of the customer experience. Instead of the department store norm of standing in different lines and interacting with different employees to assemble purchases, customers paid the salesclerk directly, a practice which was believed to reduce the average transaction time to less than two and a half minutes.
Comparison of On-Wafer Calibrations

A powerful new verification technique determines the measurement accuracy of scattering parameter calibrations. The technique determines the relative reference impedance, reference plane offset, and the worst-case measurement deviations of any calibration from a benchmark calibration. The technique is applied to several popular on-wafer scattering parameter calibrations, and the deviations between those calibrations and the thru-reflect line calibration are quantified.
Sapprox: enabling efficient and accurate approximations on sub-datasets with distribution-aware online sampling

In this paper, we aim to enable both efficient and accurate approximations on arbitrary sub-datasets of a large dataset. Due to the prohibitive storage overhead of caching offline samples for each sub-dataset, existing offline sample based systems provide high accuracy results for only a limited number of sub-datasets, such as the popular ones. On the other hand, current online sample based approximation systems, which generate samples at runtime, do not take into account the uneven storage distribution of a sub-dataset. They work well for uniform distribution of a sub-dataset while suffer low sampling efficiency and poor estimation accuracy on unevenly distributed sub-datasets.To address the problem, we develop a distribution aware method called Sapprox. Our idea is to collect the occurrences of a sub-dataset at each logical partition of a dataset (storage distribution) in the distributed system, and make good use of such information to facilitate online sampling. There are three thrusts in Sapprox. First, we develop a probabilistic map to reduce the exponential number of recorded sub-datasets to a linear one. Second, we apply the cluster sampling with unequal probability theory to implement a distribution-aware sampling method for efficient online sub-dataset sampling. Third, we quantitatively derive the optimal sampling unit size in a distributed file system by associating it with approximation costs and accuracy. We have implemented Sapprox into Hadoop ecosystem as an example system and open sourced it on GitHub. Our comprehensive experimental results show that Sapprox can achieve a speedup by up to 20× over the precise execution.
Optimized Extraction Method To Remove Humic Acid Interferences from Soil Samples Prior to Microbial Proteome Measurements

The microbial composition and their activities in soil environments play a critical role in organic matter transformation and nutrient cycling. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-performance mass spectrometry provides a powerful approach to characterize soil microbiomes; however, the limited microbial biomass and the presence of abundant interferences in soil samples present major challenges to proteome extraction and subsequent MS measurement. To this end, we have designed an experimental method to improve microbial proteome measurement by removing the soil-borne humic substances coextraction from soils. Our approach employs an in situ detergent-based microbial lysis/TCA precipitation coupled to an additional cleanup step involving acidified precipitation and filtering at the peptide level to remove most of the humic acid interferences prior to proteolytic peptide measurement. The novelty of this approach is an integration to exploit two different characteristics of humic acids: (1) Humic acids are in...
"It's good to know you're not a stranger every time": Communication about Values Between Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions and Healthcare Providers

When patients' decisions about health care priorities conflict with those of their health care providers, patients' health outcomes suffer. Patients' values for health and well-being influence their healthcare priorities, but recent work suggests that the values discussed in clinical settings do not reflect the full breadth of patients' values. To address an evidence gap regarding how discussions about values occur in clinical settings, we conducted a field study with patients with multiple chronic conditions and their health care providers, including clinical observations, interviews, and home visits. We report on the extent to which certain categories of patients' values identified in prior research were discussed in clinic visits. We then discuss how patients and providers coordinated their perspectives to establish connections among patients' values and health concerns. These findings have implications for the design of systems to support patient-provider communication to incorporate patients' values and promote concordant priorities for health care.
Ethnic economies in the age of retail chains: comparing the presence of chain-affiliated and independently owned ethnic restaurants in ethnic neighbourhoods

Many entrepreneurs in ethnic economies start out by serving fellow community members in their local ethnic neighbourhood. Large corporations, however, are creating retail chains that target the eth...
Exploration and data refinement via multiple mobile sensors based on Gaussian processes

We consider configuration of multiple mobile sensors to explore and refine knowledge in an unknown field. After some initial discovery, it is desired to collect data from the regions that are far away from the current sensor trajectories to favor the exploration purposes, while simultaneously, exploring the vicinity of known interesting phenomena to refine the measurements. Since the collected data only provide us with local information, there is no optimal solution to be sought for the next trajectory of sensors. Using Gaussian process regression, we provide a simple framework that accounts for both the conflicting data refinement and exploration goals, and to make reasonable decisions for the trajectories of mobile sensors.
Eliciting Expertise, Harvesting, and Representing Knowledge

The exploration of human communication and its consequences to aviation safety delivers a knowledge framework, configuring this chapter. A bottom-up approach from qualitative data gathering to relation identification between actions and interactions with iteration and refinement is described and allows core concepts to emerge with theoretical sensitivity, using a rich depository of data guided by grounded theory (GT). This chapter explains the core concept of situation awareness (local, transitory, and global) as the catalyst of “what we need to know” for aviation safety. Preconceptions, interviews, questioning tools, and an Ishikawa diagram are analyzed, considering operations, cultural, technical, and commercial parameters in aviation realities. A GT approach is the guiding path to knowledge construction through notions of perception, comprehension, projection, sorting, comparing, coding, and reenactment. GT immersion in the data searches for the following knowledge-construction elements: (i) the relevant conditions in which participants act in the various flight-related situations, (ii) how the actors respond to changing conditions and unexpected events, (iii) what are the consequences of their actions or lack of action, and (iv) what is the essence of expertise in critical environments (i.e., the expert complies to the “letter of the rule” and to the “spirit of the rule” or deviates when he/she identifies an exception or exceptional case). Lastly, four schematic figures offer a picturesque description of the above steps of inquiry, depicting the backbone of the study for this book, while cross-references “connect the dots.” The textual aspects found in the experts’ replies are interpreted using with discourse analysis and close reading guidelines.
Development of Synaptic Responses and Plasticity at the SC-CA1 and MF-CA3 Synapses in Rat Hippocampus

1. The development of synaptic transmission and indicators of short- and long-term plasticity was studied by recording from areas CA1 and CA3 upon activation of monosynaptic excitatory inputs in rat hippocampal brain slices obtained from Wistar rats of different ages. 2. Although population field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPS) are small in animals at postnatal day 10 (P10), both areas already exhibited short-term [posttetanic potentiation (PTP) and paired pulse potentiation (PPF)] and long-term [long-term potentiation (LTP)] plastic responses. 3. The amplitudes of the fEPSP and LTP increased with age in both regions, but peaked at P30 in CA3 while they were still increasing at the oldest age studied (P60) in CA1. In CA3, but not CA1, LTP at P60 was less than at P30. 4. PTP did not show clear alterations with age in either region. PPF decreased with age in CA1 but not CA3.
Voyager: A Retrospective

Within the brief span of a decade, from 1979 to 1989, the Voyager spacecraft visited the four giant planets — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — along with their satellites and their rings. The science return from these two spacecraft forever changed our views of this remote region of our solar system. Often overlooked, however, is the incremental gain in knowledge from these encounters over that which had been known in the early 1970s when the Voyager project first came into being. From a post-Voyager perspective, it is astonishing how little was known about the outer planets just a mere two decades ago. Yet, with all of the knowledge that the space program has brought us, there remain a number of unanswered questions and a great many new ones that have been posed as a result of this wealth of new information. Discussed here is summary of the results of the Voyager imaging cameras together with some of the many new questions that subsequently have been raised.
Pursuing the perfect patient experience

Adapting the principles and tools of the Toyota Production System to healthcare in the form of the Virginia Mason Production System has enabled Virginia Mason Medical Center to transform itself as an organization. Virginia Mason has worked persistently for more than a decade to apply Toyota methods to eliminate waste, improve safety and quality, and provide the community it serves with the highest-quality healthcare at the lowest cost. We have made great progress in this pursuit.
Vortex Bladeless Wind Generator for Nano-Grids

The objective of this work is to investigate the possible extraction of power from wind energy by using a new conceptual vortex bladeless wind generator. This proposed wind generator can be used as reliable power sources in Nano grid. However, the vortex wind generator is designed by a hollow, conical shaped bluff body to be placed vertically on the ground. When the air passes over this bluff body, the body experiences vortex induced vibration due to the vortex shedding fluid phenomenon. Such vibration energy of the body can be converted to electrical energy. In this work, we first select all design parameters based on the Von Karman effect analysis by Ansys Fluent. After that, a mathematical model is constructed to achieve maximum lift force generated by the designed body. As the final step, a complete model is formulated and tested under different operating conditions in order to quantify the extracted vibration energy for further conversion.
Biological and Ecological Influences on Development at 24 and 36 Months of Age

A mutiple linear regression analysis of development at ages 2 and 3 is reported. Ss were drawn from a large birth cohort born in 1966. The study examined the role of maternal traits, environmental factors, race and social class, and biological data from the perinatal period, biological risk status and physical growth, as predictors of physical growth and mental development. The findings, when related to those of a study examining children from the same cohort at age 12 mo., showed that two aggregates of environmental data, one representing the micro-environment of mother and child, the other the macro-environment of society, failed to emerge as significant influences on development in the first 3 yr. of life. In contrast, a biological model based on early developmental data emerged as a comparatively significant influence on physical growth.
Deontic Judgments and their Implicational Structure

In this chapter we continue the study of deontic noemata began in Chapter 2, §7. As in the preceding studies of prescriptions and intentions, our initial concern here is a careful collection of fruitful and rich data concerning the internal nature of, and the implicational structure of, deontic judgments. We gather deontic principles Deon. 1 through Deon. 29. In Chapter 9 we braid together all the strands developed in the preceding chapters as well as in this one into a formal theory of the basic logic of all the practical noemata. This is supplemented by the theories of intendings, needs, and wants outlined in Chapter 10 and the theory of ideal wants developed in Chapter 11.
Fostering College Students' Autonomy in Written Mathematical Justification.

This study investigated the influence of regular structured writing about problem solving on college algebra students’ locus of control, flexibility of articulation, and accuracy in responding to written problem tasks. The writing assignments, acronym PSOLVE, provided students a framework for expressing their thoughts about mathematical actions, processes, structures, and language. Given that augmenting traditional college algebra classes with the PSOLVE writing assignments resulted in statistically significantly higher scores on routine problems on the common posttest (p < 0.05), we examined PSOLVE and non-PSOLVE students’ written mathematical justifications in response to mildly non-routine short-answer items on the same posttest. PSOLVE students posttest explanations were clear and mathematically consistent. The PSOLVE writing assignment appears to be a useful support for growth of declarative and procedural knowledge as well as an effective conduit for the instructor to gain insight into stude...
Electrochemical Characterization of Marinobacter atlanticus Strain CP1 Suggests a Role for Trace Minerals in Electrogenic Activity

The marine heterotroph, Marinobacter atlanticus strain CP1, was recently isolated from the electroautotrophic Biocathode MCL community, named for the three most abundant members: Marinobacter, an uncharacterized member of the Chromatiaceae, and Labrenzia. Biocathode MCL catalyzes the production of cathodic current coupled to carbon fixation through the activity of the uncharacterized Chromatiaceae, renamed as “Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga”, but the contribution of M. atlanticus is currently unknown. Here, we report on the electrochemical characterization of pure culture M. atlanticus biofilms grown under aerobic conditions and supplemented with succinate as a carbon source at applied potentials ranging from 160 to 510 mV vs. SHE, and on three different electrode materials (graphite, carbon cloth, and indium tin oxide). M. atlanticus was found to produce either cathodic or anodic current that was an order of magnitude lower than that of the Biocathode MCL community depending on the oxygen concentration, applied potential, and electrode material. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry were performed to characterize putative redox mediators at the electrode surface; however no definitive redox peaks were observed. No effect on current was observed when genes encoding a putative rubredoxin (ACP86_RS07295), as well as a putative NADH:flavorubredoxin oxidoreductase (ACP86_RS07290), were deleted to evaluate their role in EET. The addition of either riboflavin or excess trace mineral solution increased anodic current by ca. an order of magnitude under the conditions in which Biocathode MCL is typically grown. These results indicate that M. atlanticus has a non-negligible ability to utilize electrodes as an electron acceptor, which can be enhanced by the presence of excess trace minerals already available in the growth medium. The ability of M. atlanticus to utilize trace minerals as electron shuttles with extracellular electron acceptors may have broader implications for its natural role in biogeochemical cycling.
Predictors of affect following discharge from partial hospitalization: a two-week ecological momentary assessment study.

Background Little is known about the everyday experiences of individuals transitioning from acute to outpatient psychiatric care, an important period of risk for mood symptom relapse. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine whether specific daily experiences were related to momentary affective states following discharge from a partial hospitalization program (PHP). Methods A sample of 114 adults (Mage = 36 years old, 52% female, 83% White) completed four brief EMA surveys every day for 2 weeks assessing intensity/type of stressful events and social contact, as well as positive/negative affect (PA/NA). Half of participants reported therapeutic skills use. Results Stress severity ratings prospectively predicted increased NA. NA predicted spending less time with close relationships. However, interacting with close relationships predicted increased positive affect (PA). Finally, PA predicted spending time with more people. The use of two skills (behavioral activation and interpersonal effectiveness) was concurrently, but not prospectively, associated with improved affect. Conclusions Examining daily experiences of individuals discharging from partial hospitalization provides important information about factors that may influence affective states during the transition from acute to outpatient care. Findings from this study can be used to help prepare patients for discharge and develop interventions for the post-acute period.
Fearlessness about death does not differ by suicide attempt method

Modern theories of suicide, such as the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, have overcome past conceptual limitations within suicide research by examining factors that help differentiate suicide attempters from those who experience suicidal ideation, but never attempt suicide. One such factor that has been studied extensively is fearlessness about death. Given the varying levels of lethality for different methods used in suicide attempts, an important question is if different levels of fearlessness about death are needed for specific methods. The central aim of this study was to test whether various methods for suicide are associated with different levels of fearlessness about death in a large sample of suicide attempt survivors. Participants were 620 suicide attempt survivors from active military, veteran, and civilian populations. Suicide attempt status was confirmed by two independent raters coding qualitative accounts and participants indicating at least one past attempt with intent to die on other survey items. Results indicated that fearlessness about death does not differ by attempt method and that nearly all methods are statistically equivalent to one another. Despite several methods requiring significantly more time facing mortal fear and severe physical anguish (e.g., cutting, hanging/asphyxiation), as well as certain means being much more lethal (e.g., firearm), differences in ability to enact a suicide attempt with a particular method was not associated with fearlessness about death. This may further indicate the importance of clinicians focusing on practical capability aspects (e.g., means safety, access, comfort with method) with patients at an increased risk for suicide.
How perceptions of a successful physician-scientist varies with gender and academic rank: toward defining physician-scientist's success

Physician-scientists (the physician-scientist workforce) are aging, and there are too few physician-scientists in the pipeline to replace those who retire. Moreover, the pipeline is leaky because some trainees and junior physician-scientists choose other career paths. Significant attention has been directed toward patching the leaking pipeline, thereby increasing the quantity of physician-scientists. Less attention has been devoted to identifying and training more successful physician-scientists, thereby increasing the quality of the pool and making up for the attrition. Though all training programs strive to develop more successful graduates, there is no clear understanding of what constitutes predictors of future success. Identifying characteristics of success would enable those who recruit trainees—and later hire and fund physician-scientists—to make more informed decisions. It also could impact on the training, as it would be possible to focus on competencies that foster success. Predictors of success are therefore important. Prior to taking on this task, however, we must first define success for physician-scientists. To identify likely characteristics of success, we undertook a qualitative case study where 21 physician-scientists were interviewed to determine their perceptions of what constitutes a successful physician-scientist. Sixteen interviewees were selected based on convenience sampling, while the remaining five were selected based on the snowball effect. Interviews were transcribed and coded in Dedoose® and a qualitative analysis was conducted using an inductive approach to content analysis. There was considerable variation in their perceptions based on seniority and gender. Junior physician-scientists focused on metrics on which their promotion is based, e.g., publications and grants; senior physician-scientists focused on their legacy, e.g., contribution to the field and mentoring. Women were more likely to emphasize objective measures of success, like publications, while concurrently concentrating on relational skills, like networking, collaboration and public recognition. Men emphasized the impact of science and subjective characteristics like boldness, confidence and critical thinking. Clearly, physician-scientists are not working off of a uniform metric of success, thereby making their evaluation and remuneration a convoluted process, especially if those evaluating the physician-scientists are not of the same mind as to the definition of success.
Independent Sector: Preserving the Status Quo?

In October of 1978, a committee met to explore the possibility of a merger between the National Council on Philanthropy (NCOP) and the Coalition of National Voluntary Organizations (CONVO). The vision was more than the mere marriage of two small organizations facing uncertain futures. Participants in this endeavor dreamed of an entity that would represent the entire nonprofit sector. The organization they birthed in 1979, Independent Sector (IS), was a meaningful step forward in unifying the sector. The IS board represented a broad range of sub-sectors and causes and also made strides in gender and, to a lesser extent, racial and religious diversity. Yet, there was an inherent tension in the project. Yes, it was true that people did not want to “interfere with pluralism” but they also wanted “a strong voice” to champion the sector—those involved called this dilemma a “persistent contradiction.” The tension was resolved in favor of the concerns of the powerful national non-profit institutions and foundations: tax policy, government relations, and sector advocacy. That is, the umbrella organization acted principally to preserve the sector, as constituted, and had little appetite for structural reform or discussion of competing notions of “the good” within the sector. Critics pointed to the exclusion of local organizations fighting issues that challenged societal injustice and inequitable distribution of power and resources. To them, and in retrospect to the authors of this paper, greater sector “unity” entailed consolidation of traditional power and continued marginalization of communities already on the periphery. Though four decades have passed, the same tension remains in the philanthropic sector. Contest and division between various interests and constituencies is as evident now as it was then. Enthusiastic support for the advancement of public goods often over-shadows issues of power—including the ability to impose one’s own definition of the public good on others. This critique has been leveled forcefully in recent years. Is it possible or even desirable to seek greater unity for the public good? Whose voices are privileged in the quest for greater sectoral unity? These are the questions this paper aspires to provoke and inform by examining the founding of the first major nonprofit sector association in the United States.
Pros and Cons of A VR-based Flight Training Simulator; Empirical Evaluations by Student and Instructor Pilots:

A medium-fidelity virtual reality (VR) flight simulator was developed to evaluate how aircraft pilots perceived simulated flights in the VR environment compared with conventional mockup-based simul...
Valuation, Earnings Management and the Underperformance of Loss Seasoned Equity Offerings

The current literature on earnings management around seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) mainly concentrates on discretionary accruals, and considers all SEOs as a homogenous pool of firms. The uniqueness of this paper is in linking firms’ valuation to their discretionary choices and by demonstrating that loss firms do not manage earnings during SEOs as earnings are not informative for their valuation. We find that loss firms overinvest in R&D around SEOs, because R&D expenditures are the main value-driver for loss SEOs. We further show that overinvestment in R&D is negatively associated with future operating performance for loss firms.
Telemedicine-based sleep services for a complex child: optimizing care during a pandemic and beyond.

A 12-year-old male with non-verbal autism and morbid obesity was referred to a pediatric sleep center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for complaints of snoring with tonsillar hypertrophy and difficulty falling asleep. Due to social challenges, the family had not sought out in-person care in the past. Through telemedicine consultation and home sleep apnea testing, the patient was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea as well as an irregular sleep-wake disorder. This unique utilization of the healthcare system in the care of a complex patient with multiple sleep disorders demonstrates the utility of remote care and testing. There is a great benefit to continuing to provide pediatric sleep care in this way beyond the pandemic.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids in relation to food preferences and insulin resistance in obese subjects consuming walnuts: A cross-over, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled inpatient physiology study

Summary Backgrounda r = −0.628, p = .05, respectively). Conclusion The fasting and postabsorptive profiles of BCAAs are differentially affected by walnut consumption. The reduction in fasting valine and isoleucine may contribute to the longer-term benefits of walnuts on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk and mortality, whereas the increase in postabsorptive profiles with walnuts may influence food preference. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Number: NCT02673281, Website: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02673281 .