cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding novel genes by testing G × E interactions in a genome-wide association study.

In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), investigators typically focus their primary analysis on the direct (marginal) associations of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the trait. Some SNPs that are truly associated with the trait may not be identified in this scan if they have a weak marginal effect and thus low power to be detected. However, these SNPs may be quite important in subgroups of the population defined by an environmental or personal factor, and may be detectable if such a factor is carefully considered in a gene-environment (G × E) interaction analysis. We address the question "Using a genome wide interaction scan (GWIS), can we find new genes that were not found in the primary GWAS scan?" We review commonly used approaches for conducting a GWIS in case-control studies, and propose a new two-step screening and testing method (EDG×E) that is optimized to find genes with a weak marginal effect. We simulate several scenarios in which our two-step method provides 70-80% power to detect a disease locus while a marginal scan provides less than 5% power. We also provide simulations demonstrating that the EDG×E method outperforms other GWIS approaches (including case only and previously proposed two-step methods) for finding genes with a weak marginal effect. Application of this method to a G × Sex scan for childhood asthma reveals two potentially interesting SNPs that were not identified in the marginal-association scan. We distribute a new software program (G×Escan, available at http://biostats.usc.edu/software) that implements this new method as well as several other GWIS approaches.
Fall Risk in Adult Inpatients With Leukemia Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy

Falls are a major concern for patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are admitted to the hospital for induction chemotherapy. Patients with cancer are at risk for rapidly changing health status and, therefore, need a different kind of fall surveillance than those in other inpatient units. Fall risk most likely will change throughout an inpatient's stay. Oncology nurses can start addressing this issue by reviewing the documented data of falls in this patient population.
Effects of persistent Mal de debarquement syndrome on balance, psychological traits, and motor cortex exctiability

Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a poorly characterized and understood disorder of perceived motion. We sought to characterize postural control and the psychological impact of MdDS. Additionally, we explored whether patients with MdDS exhibit altered corticospinal and intracortical excitability. In a case-control study we compared patients with MdDS to age- and sex-matched controls (n=8/group). Postural stability (σr) was quantified from plane phase plots based on center or pressure, and psychological indices of depression, fatigue and kinesiophobia were obtained. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess corticospinal excitability by quantifying the motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the flexor carpi radialis, and intracortical excitability was assessed by quantifying indices of intracortical facilitation (ICF), and short-interval and long-interval intracortical inhibition using a paired-pulse TMS paradigm. The patients with MdDS exhibited greater mean (±standard error of the mean) σr during semi-tandem stance (10.9 ± 1.5 compared to 7.1 ± 0.7, p=0.04), higher levels of kinesiophobia (41.6 ± 2.8 compared to 27.3 ± 2.2), and higher levels of fatigue (27.0 ± 4.1 compared to 48.4 ± 1.0). Patients with MdDS exhibited a higher mean motor threshold (MT) (58.1 ± 2.5 compared to 47.4 ± 2.7% of stimulator output), and larger MEP (13.1 ± 3.1 compared to 5.1 ± 1.2% of maximal compound muscle action potential) but there was no difference in measures of intracortical excitability. These findings suggest that patients with MdDS exhibit impaired postural stability, and high levels of kinesiophobia and fatigue. Additionally, we observed that patients with MdDS exhibit higher MT and large MEP amplitudes, but do not exhibit differences in measures of intracortical excitability, compared to controls. These findings help characterize MdDS, and provide insight into the physiology of MdDS.
Market capture of inpatient perioperative services using DEA.

We develop and validate a method to measure “market capture” of inpatient, elective surgery. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to measure the efficiency of the market capture for Perioperative Services at 53 non-metropolitan Pennsylvania hospitals. Eight procedures are studied, representing a wide spectrum of elective, scheduled, inpatient surgery (e.g., abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and hip replacement). Our results address issues in operating room management, such as: How should additional resources be allocated to each surgical specialty? Given existing market conditions, for which specialties can we expect to be able to increase our current workloads? Our results demonstrate DEA’s potential as a valuable tool for operating room managers’ strategic decision-making.
Alcohol use perceptions of the effects of alcohol use and condom use in urban minority youth.

The effects of alcohol use and type of partner on condom use were explored through use of data from a 1991 household probability sample of 1435 African American and Hispanic youth 15-24 years of age from low-income areas of Detroit Michigan (US). Overall alcohol use with partners was high (56% for females and 57% for males). This rate was highest when the respondent was married or cohabitating (62% for females and 70% males) and lowest with casual partners (45% and 56% respectively). The mean perceived effect of alcohol use on the likelihood of having sex was 3.37 with married/cohabitating partners and 3.51 if the partner was known well. The mean perceived effects of alcohol drinking on condom use were much lower especially condom use with a casual partner (1.72). The quantity of alcohol consumed with a partner was associated with reduced condom use regardless of type of partner but the association was strongest for African American males. The quantity of alcohol use was negatively related to the perceived effect of alcohol use on condom use only with "well known" partners. Given concerns about the rapid spread of HIV among urban minority youth in the US substance use interventions should be considered.
Maximizing margin quality and quantity

The large-margin principle has been widely applied to learn classifiers with good generalization power. While tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop machine learning techniques that maximize margin quantity, little attention has been paid to ensure the margin quality. In this paper, we proposed a new framework that aims to achieve superior generalizability by considering not only margin quantity but also margin quality. An instantiation of the framework was derived by deploying a max-min entropy principle to maximize margin-quality in addition to using a traditional means for maximizing margin-quantity. We developed an iterative learning algorithm to solve this instantiation. We compared the algorithm with a couple of widely-used machine learning techniques (e.g., Support Vector Machines, decision tree, naive Bayes classifier, k-nearest neighbors, etc.) and several other large margin learners (e.g., RELIEF, Simba, G-flip, LOGO, etc.) on a number of UCI machine learning datasets and gene expression datasets. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of our new framework and algorithm.
A sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system that separates peptides and proteins in the molecular weight range of 2500 to 90,000

A discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis system is described which provides superior resolution of polypeptides with molecular weights from approximately 2500 to 90,000. The system utilizes a relatively low-mobility acetate ion in the stacking gel and high-mobility strong anions, sulfate and chloride, as leading and trailing ions in the separating gel. The entire system is run at pH 7.8. The separating gel contains 8 M urea, and can be used at acrylamide concentrations from 5 to 18%, all with 5% crosslinker concentrations. Using a number of protein standards, the calibration curves obtained with this system are linear over the molecular weight range from 2500 to 90,000, regardless of acrylamide concentration. These studies indicate that by providing good resolution of small peptides, this system greatly extends the utility of one-dimensional peptide mapping techniques.
Response of a trailing vortex to axial injection into the core.

It is demonstrated that axial air injection into a core of a vortex can beneficially spread out the vorticity concentrated in it and prematurely age it. It is also shown that the phenomenon is more nearly governed by the momentum flux of injection than by mass flow.
Medial thalamic injection of opioid agonists: μ-agonist increases while κ-agonist decreases stimulus thresholds for pain and reward

Selective agonists for mu- and kappa-opioid receptor types were infused, bilaterally, into the intralaminar central lateral nucleus of the rat. Subcataleptic doses of the mu-agonist, DAGO (0.25 and 1.0 microgram), elevated tailshock threshold for eliciting pain vocalization and motor responses. The hyperalgesic effect of U50,488 is not likely to be the result of antagonist action at a mu 2-isoreceptor; the general mu-antagonist, naloxone, and its less lipophilic quaternary analogue, both failed to produce a significant reduction in pain thresholds. Paralleling their effects on pain, DAGO and U50,488 elevated and reduced, respectively, lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation threshold for positive reinforcement. These results suggest that medial thalamic opioid mechanisms are not exclusively involved in pain modulation but may generally regulate the responsiveness of the organism to motivating stimuli. Moreover, mu- and kappa-receptors may mediate opposite behavioral effects of opioid peptides.
Low redshift type 1a supernovae calibration

The calibration of 20 supernovae discovered and observed by the Supernovae Cosmology Project and EROS collaboration in 1999 is described. Using novel calibration techniques, we calibrate the supernovae images in the Johnson–Cousins U, B, V, R and I bands at the 1% level.
Tidal dissipation in the earth and planets

The discrepancy between seismic and tidal effective Q values can be attributed to dissipation in the shallow seas. At the present time there is no need to invoke frequency or amplitude dependence. Present data does not allow an accurate determination for dissipation in the Earth's interior from tidal or astronomical data but bounds can be placed on this parameter. Most of the dissipation probably occurs in the high temperature-low pressure upper mantle. The main difference in the Q of the small and large planets can be attributed to the effect of pressure which suppresses dissipation in the larger planets.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Osteopetrosis Using Patient-Specific Instrumentation

Osteopetrosis is an uncommon endocrine disease characterized by defective osteoclast resorption of bones. This causes a hard, sclerotic, and brittle bone throughout the skeleton. Fractures and unforgiving subchondral bone are common in this condition, both of which can lead to osteoarthritis. Total knee arthroplasty is often the treatment of choice but presents challenges due to the hard and sclerotic bone present throughout the metaphysis and diaphysis of the femur and the tibia. We present a case of knee osteoarthritis in a patient with osteopetrosis who underwent total knee arthroplasty using patient-specific instrumentation. This technique eliminates intramedullary alignment and minimizes drilling, reaming, and saw passes, making it attractive in the setting of diseases such as osteopetrosis to decrease operative time and potential complications.
A note on top-down deterministic languages

In recent years attempts have been made to characterize those languages to which deterministic top-down analysis is applicable. This note examines the relationships between the various classes of grammars that are known to this author.
Chemical Cross‐Linking Immobilized Concanavalin A for use in Proteomic Analyses

Abstract Lectin affinity chromatography was used to reduce the amount of the abundant glycoprotein β‐conglycinin in total protein samples prepared from developing soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Jack) seeds. Electrophoretic analysis of both the concanavalin A‐Sepharose binding and non‐binding fraction revealed an abundant protein band at Mr 26,000. The amount of this protein was greatly increased when concanavalin A‐Sepharose was used with urea‐containing buffers. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis of this abundant protein band unequivocally identified it as concanavalin A (con A). A simple and gentle method was used to chemically cross‐link the con A subunits so that the lectin‐Sepharose retained the ability to bind high‐mannose type glycoproteins. The chemically cross‐linked con A‐Sepharose was stable in buffers that contained up to 8M urea, making this an affinity matrix suitable for use in electrophoresis‐based proteomic analyses.
A CASE STUDY OF BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF INSECT PHOBIA

We assessed the academic performance of a 14-year-old boy with insect phobia in the context of feared stimuli. The dependent measure was math calculation rate across three conditions that varied therapist statements about the presence of crickets and the actual presence of live crickets. Subsequent treatment consisted of graduated exposure and contingent rewards for math problem completion. Assessment results indicated that the boy's performance was consistently low in the presence of live crickets but not when he was spuriously informed that crickets were present (the primary referral concern). Treatment results indicated no effect from exposure alone and a dramatic effect when exposure was combined with contingent rewards.
Aprotic Deamination of Primary Amines as a Route to Esters

Abstract Nucleophilic displacements at carbon that replace primary amines with other functionality are useful tools in organic chemistry. Those of any generality are few. The direct deamination of primary amines with nitrous acid has been extensively studied.1 The reaction yields such a variety of elimination, rearrangement, and substitution products that, in general, it is not a preparatively useful reaction.2 The elegant work of White has led to three indirect methods capable of giving substitution in preparatively useful yields and purity, those based on nitrosoamides,3 nitroamides,4 and triazines.5 Baumgarten has developed a useful method based on the N, N-diarylsulfonyl imide functionality,6 and Wudl has reported direct conversion of primary aimes to alkyl nitrates utilizing N2 O 4.7
Effect of sympathectomy on isoproterenol-induced expression of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor gene, cystatin S, in rat submandibular glands

Abstract The autonomic nervous system regulates the secretory function of salivary glands. The volume, rate of secretion and composition of saliva are regulated by both sympathetic ( α 1 -, α 2 and β 1 -adrenergic) and parasympathetic (muscarinic and cholinergic) receptor systems. The rat cystatin S gene, a member of family 2 of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor superfamily, has a very defined pattern of expression during the postnatal development of the rat submandibular gland. Its expression is not detected in the fetus or in rats up to three weeks of age. After this time, the amount of cystatin S mRNA increases, reaching a conspicuously high concentration at 28 days, and then it declines to a barely detectable level at 32 days of age; cystatin S mRNA is not detectable in the glands of adult animals. However, the β-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (IPR) induces high concentrations of cystatin S mRNA in the submandibular gland in vivo . This paper reports experiments analysing the participation of the sympathetic nervous system in the IPR-induced expression of the cystatin S gene. Sympathetic denervation (unilateral and bilateral) by removing the superior cervical ganglion 14 days before a single injection of IPR reduced the expression of the cystatin S gene. Chemical denervation by reserpine (a drug that depletes neurotransmitters in sympathetic nerve terminals) also reduced IPR-induced expression of the gene. Morphological analyses of sympathectomized and reserpine-treated glands showed that the structure of the gland was similar to that of glands of intact animals and to those not treated with reserpine. The hypertrophic response to IPR was less obvious in the sympathectomized glands, but was similar in reserpine treated animals. Collectively, these data suggest that even in the presence of a functional β 1 -adrenergic receptor pathway, factor(s) from the sympathetic nervous system may be required for IPR-induced expression of the cystatin S gene.
Laser-Driven Atomic Pump

We propose a laser-driven pump for atomic transport through carbon nanotubes. A two beam coherent control is used to inject carrier population into the lowest unoccupied nanotube bands, which is anisotropic in momentum space. The resulting electron current moves intercalated atoms along the tube. This system is a unique prototype of a single atom deposition machine which overcomes the loading problem of the scanning tunneling microscope. [S0031-9007(99)09502-2]
MicroNET: Interactive equal-area and equal-angle nets

Abstract MicroNET provides a graphical, screen-oriented computer program to manipulate equal-area and equal-angle nets. Intended for classroom and daily geologic use, the program will plot data rapidly, contour data, rotate data, and select great circle girdles. The program removes the tedium of plotting many point, and allows the user to concentrate on interpretation of results. This makes MicroNET ideal for students and geologists interested in “what if” ways of combining or dividing data. MicroNET will produce output on a dot-matrix printer that approaches publication quality; printer output can be given to a draftsman to produce final copy if needed.
Alzheimer Disease: Clinical and Biological Heterogeneity

The clinical and biological features of Alzheimer disease are not uniform in their expression; heterogeneity is evident in the disease's clinical, anatomic, and physiologic characteristics. The presence of considerable intersubject and intrasubject heterogeneity suggests that subtypes of the disease exist. We define subtypes of Alzheimer disease in regard to the behavioral features (for example, predominant right or left hemisphere, or symmetrical impairment), inheritance (familial or sporadic), dosage of chromosome 21 (presence of the Down syndrome), time course of progression, age of onset (presenile or senile), and presence or absence of motor deficit (myoclonus or signs of an extrapyramidal syndrome). Studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography and [18-fluorine] fluorodeoxyglucose show focal alterations in glucose use, with cerebral metabolic asymmetries in patients with Alzheimer disease that are related to the nature of the cognitive deficit. Serial roentgenographic computed tomographic studies show heterogeneous rates of lateral ventricle enlargement in the disease that are related to rates of cognitive decline. Similar anatomic and physiologic abnormalities are also found in persons 45 years of age or older who have the Down syndrome. Furthermore, patients with Alzheimer disease who have extrapyramidal dysfunction or myoclonus are a distinct subgroup, with specific abnormalities of central monoamine markers of dopamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, and the hydroxylation cofactor, biopterin. The concept of subtypes in Alzheimer disease serves as a model with which the interactions of genetic influences with environmental factors can be examined.
Acridizinium-Substituted Dendrimers As a New Potential Rewritable Optical Data Storage Material for Blu-ray

A second-generation (acridizinium)12-dendrimer based on a poly(2,2-bis(hydroxymethylpropionic acid)) [bis-MPA] scaffold which can undergo photoinduced (4π + 4π) cycloaddition reactions on exposure to blue-violet light at 405 nm, and be reversed upon irradiation at 257 nm, has been synthesized. This provides an alternative chromophore for rewritable optical data storage media to the existing dye materials such as azo, cyanine, and phthalocyanine dyes for Blu-ray recording. The compound was initially tested in ethanol, showing good reversible properties and photoinduced degree of dimerization. The (acridizinium)12-bis-MPA dendrimer was cast on a quartz plate, using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a matrix, in order to simulate conditions found in DVD discs for existing dyes. The film showed good transmission, stability, and mechanical properties. Through gray scale recording it may be possible to store more than 75 GB on a single-layer disk of a conventional-sized 5.25 in. disk, using existing Blu-ray disc techno...
Growth of thermophilic acetogenic bacteria on methoxylated aromatic acids

The methoxylated aromatic acids vanillate and syringate supported the growth of Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum in an undefined culture medium (U); p-hydroxybenzoate or U did not support growth. Growth was proportional to the number of O-methyl residues on the aromatic ring and to the concentration of the methoxylated aromatic acid in U. Protein profiles, obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) analysis of cell extracts from vanillate, syringate, methanol, and glucose cultures of C. thermoaceticum, indicated differential gene expression between O-methyl aromatic-, methanol- and glucose-grown cells.
Tough Choices in Tough Times Debt and Medication Nonadherence

Debt is a ubiquitous component of households’ financial portfolios. Yet we have scant understanding of how household debt constrains spending on needed health care. Diverse types of debt have different financial properties and recent work has shown that they may have varying implications for spending on needed health care. In this article, we explore the associations between indebtedness and medication nonadherence. First, we consider overall debt levels and then we disaggregate debt into types. We use a population-based sample of 434 residents of southeast Michigan who had been prescribed medications, collected in 2009-2010, the wake of the Great Recession. We find no association between medication nonadherence and total indebtedness. However, when we assess each type of debt separately, we find that having medical or credit card debt is positively associated with medication nonadherence, even net of household income, net worth, and other characteristics. Furthermore, patients with greater amounts of med...
Beyond the high point code in testing Holland's theory

Abstract This study was designed to test and expand Holland's vocational development theory by utilizing more than a single high point code in classification of personality patterns of jobs. Significant positive results were obtained to support Holland's premise that people search out environments and, hence, vocations that are compatible with their personalities. A more “refined” and/or “subtle” difference was shown in the personality-job relationships when two high point codes were used.
The degradation of myelin basic protein by serum proteinase in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and control rats.

Abstract Increased neutral proteinase (pH 7.2) activity is present in serum from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals compared to controls. Myelin basic protein (BP) is degraded by neutral proteinase to smaller peptides.
Effect of temperature and pH on the post-mortem degradation of myofibrillar proteins.

Incubation of bovine muscle at 37°C promoted a more drastic proteolytic change in myofibrillar proteins, as determined from sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels of isolated myofibrils, than incubation at 4°C. Degradation of myosin and troponin-T were the most noticeable changes at 37°C. Loss of α-actinin was observed in the 4°C incubated muscle. Ground bovine muscle incubated at pH 5·4 and 7 revealed that alterations in myosin and troponin-T were the most noticeable changes at ph 5·4 while troponin-T and α-actinin were altered at pH7. More troponin-T degradation occurred at pH 5·4 and 37°C than at pH7 and 4°C (similar to the degradation of myosin), indicating that troponin-T degradation in post-mortem muscle may be an indicator of overall myofibrillar proteolysis and not responsible for post-mortem tenderisation per se. Myosin degradation in the ground samples incubated at pH 5·4 and in whole samples incubated at 37°C was compared with the digestion of myofibrillar myosin by papain. Both pyrophosphate and Guba-Straub extracts of the 37°C and pH 5·4 treated samples confirmed that myosin degradation did occur to a much greater extent at this temperature and pH than at 4°C and pH7, and, in addition, at pH 5·4 frequent cleavage occurred near the papain sensitive site of myosin.
Influence of Layered Silicates on the Phase-Separated Morphology of PS−PVME Blends

The influence of the disk diameter of nanometer thick anisotropic layered silicates on the phase-separated morphology of a near-critical polystyrene (PS)−poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blend was examined using atomic force microscopy. Films with comparable amounts of thermodynamically equivalent nanoparticles varying only in lateral disk diameters were examined using a temperature gradient method and showed dramatic differences in late-stage morphology. The blends with small disk diameter (30 nm and 0.5 μm) nanoparticles exhibit a pinning of domain sizes and demonstrate an increase in the number of domains with a higher fraction of near circular structures. On the other hand, for layered silicates with large disk diameters (10 μm), the nanoparticles do not affect the morphology of the phase-separated structure and only accelerate the phase separation kinetics. The extent of domain pinning increases with increasing silicate content and results in smaller domains at higher concentrations of silicate.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma in the Presence of Heart Disease: A Diagnostic Dilemma

These two case reports emphasize that delays in diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma may occur in patients with heart disease because of a similarity in symptoms. Only by maintaining a high index of suspicion in patients with heart disease can the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma be established at an early age.
Alcohol use, mental health status and psychological well-being 2 years after the World Trade Center attacks in New York City.

Over the past 30 years, studies have shown that survivors of community-wide disasters suffer from a variety of physical and mental health problems. Researchers also have documented increased substance use in the aftermath of these disasters. In the present study, we examined the relationship between alcohol use and mental health status within the context of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City (NYC). The data for the present report come from a 2-wave panel study of adults living in NYC on the day of the attacks. Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) interviews occurred one year and two years after the attacks, respectively. Overall, 2,368 individuals completed the W1 survey (cooperation rate, 63%) and 1,681 completed the W2 survey (re-interview rate, 71%). The alcohol use variables examined were binge drinking, alcohol dependence, increased days drinking, and increased drinks per day. The outcomes examined included measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, BSI-1...
PVDF core-free actuator for Braille displays: design, fabrication process, and testing

Refreshable Braille displays require many, small diameter actuators to move the pins. The electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFECFE) terpolymer can provide the high strain and actuation force under modest electric fields that are required of this application. In this paper, we develop core-free tubular actuators and integrate them into a 3 × 2 Braille cell. The films are solution cast, stretched to 6 μm thick, electroded, laminated into a bilayer, rolled into a 2 mm diameter tube, bonded, and provided with top and bottom contacts. Experimental testing of 17 actuators demonstrates significant strains (up to 4%). A novel Braille cell is designed and fabricated using six of these actuators.
Oral Supplementation with a High-Fat, High-Energy Product Improves Nutritional Status and Alters Serum Lipids in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract Objective To assess the tolerance and acceptability of a nutrition supplement in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), to monitor changes in dietary intake, and to evaluate nutritional status. Design Subjects were their own controls for this 3-month, prospective, open study. Acceptability and tolerance questionnaires and 3-day food records were completed at baseline and monthly intervals. Compliance and nutritional status were also assessed. Setting This study was conducted at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Cystic Fibrosis Center, Madison. Subjects Patients with CF older than 4 years of age were recruited during clinic or hospital visits if they met specific weight or growth criteria (n=19). Intervention Subjects were asked to consume the supplement at a maximum of 30% their estimated daily energy requirements. Main outcome measures Responses to acceptability ratings of and tolerance questions about the supplement were obtained along with anthropometric data and biochemical measurements of serum albumin, plasma retinol, α-tocopherol, and fatty acid levels. Statistical analyses performed Data were analyzed using Minitab and Statistical Analysis Software. Paired and unpaired t tests and nonparametric sign tests were used, as well as regression and Pearson correlations. A significance level of .05 was used for all tests. Results All subjects tolerated the supplement, although 12 reported mild symptoms of fullness, nausea, and/or bloating, which were resolved when intake was distributed throughout the day. Mean compliance was 69% of recommended intake. Weight gain in children was strongly correlated with compliance ( r =.98). Linoleic acid intake increased significantly ( P =.0003) as did plasma linoleic acid in the phospholipid fraction ( P =.03). Conclusion The supplement studied would be a beneficial addition to the supplementation choices available to patients with CF. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:454–459.
An unusual presentation of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A case of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome masquerading as a perforated peptic ulcer is presented. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management of this syndrome are discussed.
Temperature Dependence of the Energy Gap in Semiconductors

The problem treated is the effect of lattice vibrations in producing a shift of the energy levels which results in a temperature dependent variation of the energy gap in semiconductors. Calculations for silicon and germanium give results of the same order of magnitude as the observed temperature dependent shift of the absorption band edge. The effect of lattice vibrations on the energy gap has been treated previously on the basis of broadening rather than shifting of the energy levels. The effect was found to be negligible for non-polar crystals, whereas according to our treatment it should be much larger. For polar crystals our result turns out to be essentially the same as was given by the previous treatment.
Inhibition of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Signaling by Ethanol in Neuronal Cells

Background : Ethanol inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) activation. However, the potency of ethanol for inhibition of the IGF-IR and other receptor tyrosine kinases varies considerably among different cell types. We investigated the effect of ethanol on IGF-I signaling in several neuronal cell types. Methods: IGF-I signaling was examined in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, primary cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons, and rat NG-108 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrids. The tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-IR, IRS-2, Shc, and p42/p44 MAP kinase (MAPK), and the association of Grb-2 with Shc, were examined by immunoprecipitations and Western blotting. Results: IGF-I–mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK was inhibited by ethanol in all cell lines. IGF-IR autophosphorylation was markedly inhibited by ethanol in SH-SY5Y cells, was only mildly inhibited in cerebellar granule neurons, and was unaffected in rat NG-108 cells. In vitro tyrosine autophosphorylation of immunopurified IGF-IR obtained from all cell lines was inhibited by ethanol. There was also differential ethanol sensitivity of IRS-2 and Shc phosphorylation, and the association of Shc with IRS-2, among the different cell types. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that IGF-I–mediated MAPK activation is a sensitive target of ethanol in diverse neuronal cell types. The data are consistent with ethanol-induced inhibition of IGF-IR activity, although the extent of IGF-IR tyrosine autophosphorylation per se is a poor marker of the inhibitory action of ethanol on this receptor. Furthermore, despite uniform inhibition of MAPK in the different neuronal cell types, tyrosine phosphorylation of proximal mediators of the IGF-IR are differentially inhibited by ethanol.
Predictors of graduate student attitudes toward prescription privileges for psychologists.

The issue of gaining prescription privileges and its potential impact on the field of clinical psychology has special relevance for graduate students. This study was designed to investigate clinical graduate students' attitudes toward prescription authority, identify salient variables that contribute to these attitudes, and ascertain preferred models of training. Only 42.5% of respondents personally desired to obtain prescription privilege, although 61.8% of respondents favored efforts of the American Psychological Association to acquire prescription authority. Proponents and opponents were compared on their ratings of positive and negative aspects of the debate. There was strong agreement that the training should not be predoctoral and that it should lead to board certification. The strongest predictors of graduate students' attitudes were concerns about fundamental change to the field, malpractice premiums, and whether they considered it a logical extension of the field. This study provides a framework for understanding important factors influencing the decision-making process among clinical psychology graduate students. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 783-792, 2002.
Q-switched optical cavities for free electron lasers

Abstract It is shown that, by properly applying the Q -switching technique to a free electron laser, it is possible to increase the output peak power by a factor even higher than 100.
FaceIt: face recognition from static and live video for law enforcement

Recent advances in image and pattern recognition technology- -especially face recognition--are leading to the development of a new generation of information systems of great value to the law enforcement community. With these systems it is now possible to pool and manage vast amounts of biometric intelligence such as face and finger print records and conduct computerized searches on them. We review one of the enabling technologies underlying these systems: the FaceIt face recognition engine; and discuss three applications that illustrate its benefits as a problem-solving technology and an efficient and cost effective investigative tool.
Catestatin, the catecholamine release‐inhibitory peptide fragment of chromogranin A: Naturally occurring human variants displaying different potencies for multiple nicotinic cholinergic responses in chromaffin cells

Resequencing of the human chromogranin A gene identified three human variants of catestatin: Gly364Ser, Pro370Leu, and Arg374Gln. Naturally occurring variants were tested for ability to inhibit four nicotinic processes. The rank order of potency for inhibition of catecholamine secretion was Pro370Leu> wild type> Gly364Ser> Arg374Gln. Decrease in potency was paralleled by decline in Hill slope, suggesting that negative cooperativity at ascending dose might underlie loss of potency. Each variant acted as a nicotinic antagonist. Potency to inhibit secretion paralleled inhibition of agonist-triggered 22Na+ uptake (r=0.986 and blockade of secretion was non-competitive with agonist. Variants also inhibited desensitization of secretion after prior agonist exposure, and stimulation of secretory protein biosynthesis by agonist. Rank order of variant inhibitory potency for all four nicotinic processes was identical (Pro370Leu > wild type > Gly364Ser > Arg374Gln), suggesting mediation by similar combinations of receptor alpha/beta subunits, and that crucial catestatin residues are likely to be identical across the four processes. When catestatin variants were mixed in likely heterozygotic (1:1 molar ratio) combinations, the inhibitory curve was left-shifted onto that of the more potent variant in the combination, suggesting not only phenotypic dominance. The results from four nicotinic processes have quantitative implications for inter-individual variations in human nicotinic signaling. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P6–P6; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.027
Laminar separating flow over a prolate spheroid

A good number of careful boundary-layer calculations have been carried out in the past decade for the flow about a prolate spheroid. These calculations have clearly demonstrated that the difficulty of the problem centers mostly about the proper choice of the grid shape and marching process. Most recently further improvements on methods of integration that conform with the principles of influence and dependence have appeared. The difficulties multiply as one approaches the line of separation. The experimental effort reported here is undertaken with the purpose of shedding some light on the peculiar structure of three-dimensional laminar separation. The experiments described were conducted in a water tunnel.
Restoration of motion degraded images

A new recursive procedure, based on state-space techniques and the use of a Kalman-Bucy filter is presented to solve the restoration problem of images degraded by motion in one direction. Both the noisefree and the noisy cases are considered.
Quinidine in Treatment of Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy

Investigators at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, report a 3-year-old female who had presented with seizures at 10 weeks of life.
A novel way of detecting transient cavitation near a solid surface during megasonic cleaning using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Graphical abstractNyquist plots obtained from EIS measurements conducted on a 25µm Pt microelectrode held at -0.2 V (vs Pt reference) in Ar saturated solution (50mM potassium ferricyanide and 0.1M KCl).Display Omitted ?Impedance measurements on a microelectrode to detect transient cavitation.?Transient cavitation collapses determined to be of the order of 25Hz.?Diffusion layer thickness computed in the presence and absence of megasonic field. Megasonic energy assisted wet cleaning is traditionally used for removal of particulate contaminants from wafer and mask surfaces in semiconductor industry. One of the major issues associated with megasonic cleaning is the damage caused to fragile features due to transient cavitation. Development of a method to monitor transient cavitation events in solutions irradiated with sound energy will allow chemical formulators to fine tune the cleaning chemistry and acoustic field parameters for maximum cleaning efficiency without any feature damage. In this work, a method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on a microelectrode has been found to be effective in detection of transient cavity collapses in solutions subjected to ~1MHz sound field. Additionally, the technique also provides useful information about the diffusion boundary layer thicknesses in the presence and absence of megasonic field.
Ethogram of Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): can behavioural characters inform octopodid taxomony and systematics?

An ethogram is provided for the small, intertidal, diurnal octopus Abdopus aculeatus (d’Orbigny, 1834). Information is based primarily on in situ observations of adults, and supplemented with photographs of animals in aquaria. Aspects of the dymantic display, mating system, activity patterns, and habitat use appear similar to those expressed by other members of Abdopus, as well as the large sister taxon Octopus cyanea, suggesting that these behaviours may be conserved throughout the evolution of these octopuses. Many skin components are also shared with Octopus bimaculoides, which may reflect either an evolutionary affinity with this octopus, or convergence in these characters. If behavioural units such as those documented here are compiled in a consistent manner for other species, then they may facilitate taxonomic identification, as well as future evolutionary studies of octopodids.
Theory in pieces: the communal development of a theory

This symposium aims to expose some of the social dynamics of theory development in the learning sciences by examining one particular case. It examines how individual studies contribute to theory development by using and extending an original theory of conceptual development, coordination class theory. We show how the diversity of contexts in which these ideas have been applied has contributed, not so much to validation, but to genuine expansion of meaning and power of the theory. This pattern emphasizes the essentially social nature of theory construction, and also a striking parallel between theory development in professional science and ideas about conceptual development in students that emphasize the role of multiple contexts. We discuss theoretical and methodological issues of communal development of a theory, such as theoretical power, fit, extension and generality.
Recent developments in statistical prediction of seasonal Atlantic basin tropical cyclone activity

Statistical forecasts of Atlantic basin seasonal hurricane activity have been issued since 1984 by the Tropical Meteorology Project at Colorado State University (CSU) headed by William Gray. Since these initial forecasts were developed, considerable improvements in data and statistical techniques have led to improved amounts of skill in both hindcasting and forecasting of seasonal Atlantic basin hurricane activity by CSU as well as other forecast groups including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Tropical Storm Risk. Statistical seasonal forecasts derive their skill from atmospheric and oceanic parameters that span the globe. Recent developments in statistical prediction include the development of shorter-period forecasts for the individual months of August, September and October and the issuing of landfall predictions or probabilities. Individual forecast groups generally utilize large-scale atmospheric wind and circulation patterns to issue their landfall forecasts. In addition, landfall probabilities down to the county level for all coastal counties from Brownsville, Texas to Eastport, Maine have recently been made available online. Several forecasting groups are now issuing seasonal forecasts for the Atlantic basin, and it is to be expected that the skill of these forecasts will continue to improve with additional access to improved data and modelling capabilities.
Psychiatric Illness and Family Stigma

Considerable research has documented the stigmatization of people with mental illnesses and its negative consequences. Recently it has been shown that stigma may also seriously affect families of psychiatric patients, but little empirical research has addressed this problem. We examine perceptions of and reactions to stigma among 156 parents and spouses of a population-based sample of first-admission psychiatric patients. While most family members did not perceive themselves as being avoided by others because of their relative's hospitalization, half reported concealing the hospitalization at least to some degree. Both the characteristics of the mental illness (the stigmatizing mark) and the social characteristics of the family were significantly related to levels of family stigma. Family members were more likely to conceal the mental illness if they did not live with their ill relative, if the relative was female, and if the relative had less severe positive symptoms. Family members with more education and whose relative had experienced an episode of illness within the past 6 months reported greater avoidance by others.
An Examination of the Role of Feeding Regimens in Regulating Metabolism During the Broiler Breeder Grower Period. 2. Plasma Hormones and Metabolites

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding regimens on plasma hormone and metabolite levels in 16-wk-old broiler breeder pullets. A flock of 350 Cobb 500 breeder pullets was divided in 2 at 28 d of age and fed either every day (ED, 5 pens of 35 birds) or skip-a-day (SKIP, 5 pens of 35 birds) from 28 to 112 d of age. Total feed intake did not differ between the 2 groups. At 112 d, 52 randomly selected pullets from the larger flock of ED-fed pullets, and 76 from the SKIP-fed pullets were individually caged and fed a meal of 74 g (ED) or 148 g (SKIP). Blood samples were collected from 4 pullets in each group by cardiac puncture at intervals after feeding. Plasma was analyzed for insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor-II, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, corticosterone, leptin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and uric acid. Feed retention in the crop was also noted at each interval. In ED birds, the crop was empty by 12 h and in SKIP birds, the crop was empty by 24 h after feeding. The physiological responses to fasting, such as increased glucagon and corticosterone and reduced plasma triglyceride, occurred at times coincidental with crop emptying in both ED and SKIP birds. Overall, mean insulin-like growth factor-I levels were higher (P < 0.05) in ED birds. Triiodothyronine was higher (P = 0.09) in SKIP birds. Overall mean plasma corticosterone was 2-fold higher in SKIP-fed birds, which may be related to the increased length of fasting periods, hunger, and stress. Plasma leptin was consistently higher in ED-fed birds, which was indicative of their more consistent food supply and more stable energy status. In summary, the experiment reported here shows that different feeding regimens can alter hormone and metabolite profiles, in spite of total feed intakes being equal.
Factors Influencing Pulmonary Toxicity in the Setting of Total Body Irradiation-Based Myeloablative Conditioning in Children Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Factors Influencing Pulmonary Toxicity in the Setting of Total Body Irradiation-Based Myeloablative Conditioning in Children Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Mustafa Abugideiri , Ronica H. Nanda , Charlotte Butker , Sungjin Kim , Elizabeth Butker , Mohammad K. Khan , Natia Esiashvili . 1 The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; 2 Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA; 3 Emory University, Atlanta, GA; 4 Biostatistics, Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA
Check it Before you Wreck It

Recently, while watching the news regarding the latest sex scandal involving an American politician, I was reminded of Bill Clinton’s discussion of his affair with Monica Lewinsky in a 2004 interview with Dan Rather on 60 Minutes. Clinton said that he had the affair “Just because I could” (McDermott, 2009, para. 15).