cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citizen Voice and Public Entrepreneurship: The Organizational Dynamic of a Complex Metropolitan County

Recent empirical research points toward a reassessment of the effects of complex patterns of local government in metropolitan areas. As research increasingly discloses positive relationships between (1) indicators of jurisdictional fragmentation and complexity and (2) indicators of efficiency in service provision and production, it becomes more important to explain, in a functional sense, how a complex metropolitan order is able to produce relatively good results. This article first considers two broad approaches to understanding metropolitan complexityexit and voice-and argues that citizen voice must be the principal mechanism of complex metropolitan governance. A case study of St. Louis County, Missouri, is then used to explore the various processes by which citizen voice may contribute to the organization and governance of a metropolitan county. Citizen voice is linked to public entrepreneurship and, thereby, to various efficiency-inducing properties that emerge within a complex metropolitan order.
Redox-dependent structural coupling between the α2 and β2 subunits in E. coli ribonucleotide reductase.

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the production of deoxyribonucleotides in all cells. In E. coli class Ia RNR, a transient α2β2 complex forms when a ribonucleotide substrate, such as CDP, binds to the α2 subunit. A tyrosyl radical (Y122O•)-diferric cofactor in β2 initiates substrate reduction in α2 via a long-distance, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. Here, we use reaction-induced FT-IR spectroscopy to describe the α2β2 structural landscapes, which are associated with dATP and hydroxyurea (HU) inhibition. Spectra were acquired after mixing E. coli α2 and β2 with a substrate, CDP, and the allosteric effector, ATP. Isotopic chimeras, 13Cα2β2 and α213Cβ2, were used to define subunit-specific structural changes. Mixing of α2 and β2 under turnover conditions yielded amide I (C═O) and II (CN/NH) bands, derived from each subunit. The addition of the inhibitor, dATP, resulted in a decreased contribution from amide I bands, attributable to β strands and disordered structures. Significantly,...
The statistical treatment of hatchability data.

Abstract IN experimental work with poultry, investigators are often confronted with the problem of determining how well the fertile eggs produced by a given lot of birds will hatch. Some statistic, which will characterize the hatchability of the fertile eggs produced by the entire lot of birds, and an estimate of the standard error of that statistic are required in such instances. This paper presents a discussion of two such statistics, based on two distinct points of view regarding the kind of information to be extracted from a given set of data, together with methods for computing valid estimates of their standard errors. The first of these statistics, which will be denoted by p, may be described briefly as a weighted average of the hatchabilities computed for individual birds in the given lot. The weight which is assigned to the hatchability for each bird is found by making use of the . . .
Final-state interaction effects on β for the nonleptonic hyperon decays

The |ΔI|=1/2 rule, final-state interactions andCP invariance are used to evaluate the β asymmetry parameters for the nonleptonic hyperon decays. We conclude that present experimental data do not rule outCP violation in these decays.
Immune response of a patient with deficiency of the fourth component of complement and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract The clinical details of a five-year-old boy with systemic lupus erythematosus and an inherited deficiency of the fourth component of complement (C4) have been reported elsewhere. In this study of his immune responses, immunization with bacteriophage φ X 174 demonstrated diminished antibody formation, abnormal immunologic memory and failure to switch from IgM to IgG during secondary response. We also noted persistent lymphopenia and reductions in peripheral-blood T lymphocytes, lymphocyte responses to mitogens and allogeneic cells and granulocyte chemotaxis. Kinetic studies revealed that delayed activation of the alternative pathway was corrected by purified C4 only if the classical pathway was not blocked. This finding is consistent with the concept that minute amounts of C3b provided through the classical pathway are necessary to prime the properdin system. Inability to activate the classical complement pathway, abnormal kinetics of alternative-pathway activation and depressed antibody responses...
Do You Really Want to Know? Display Questions in Human-Robot Dialogues. A Position Paper

Not all questions are asked with the same intention. Humans tend to address the implicit meaning of the question (that contributes to its pragmatic force), which requires knowledge of the context and a degree of common ground, more so than addressing the explicit propositional content of the question. Is recognizing the pragmatic force in today's human-robot dialogue systems worth the trouble? We focus on display questions (questions to which the asker already knows the answer) and argue that there are realistic human-robot interaction scenarios in existence today that would benefit from the deeper intention recognition. We also propose a method for obtaining display question annotations by embedding an elicitation question into the dialogue. The preliminary study of our robot receptionist shows that at least 16.7% of interactions with the embedded elicitation question include a display question.
An Event-Related Potential Study of Social Information Processing in Adolescents.

Increased social awareness is a hallmark of adolescence. The primary aim of this event-related potential study was to investigate whether adolescents, in comparison to adults, would show relatively enhanced early neural processing of complex pictures containing socially-relevant information. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there are also gender and age differences in the ways adolescents and adults process social and nonsocial information. We recorded EEGs from 12–17 year-olds and 25–37 year-olds (N = 59) while they viewed pleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System. We found age-related amplitude differences in the N1 and the LPP, and gender-related differences in the N2 region for socially-relevant stimuli. Social pictures (featuring mostly young children and adults) elicited larger N1s than nonsocial stimuli in adolescents, but not adults, whereas larger LPPs to social stimuli were seen in adults, but not adolescents. Furthermore, in general, males (regardless of age) showed larger N2s to nonsocial than to social images, but females did not. Our results imply that compared to adults, adolescents show relatively greater initial orientation toward social than toward nonsocial stimuli.
Specificity of the American Urological Association Voiding Symptom Index: Comparison of Unselected and Selected Samples of Both Sexes

AbstractThe American Urological Association voiding symptom index questionnaire for benign prostatic hypertrophy was administered to an elderly unselected sample and a selected urology clinic sample of both sexes to investigate the ability of this instrument to identify prostatic pathological conditions. The female subjects in these cohorts provided a control. In the large unselected sample the male subjects scored statistically higher in only 2 categories, weak stream (487 subjects) and strain (507) (p <0.05 for both categories). The clinical significance of these scores is questionable, however, since they were low (less than 2 of 5). In the selected group (145 subjects) the female subjects showed a higher total mean score due to the contribution of statistically higher irritative scores (p <0.05). We conclude that the American Urological Association voiding symptom index does not specifically identify prostatic pathological conditions, and that elderly men and women have similar voiding symptom scores....
Electrospun lignin-derived carbon nanofiber mats surface-decorated with MnO2 nanowhiskers as binder-free supercapacitor electrodes with high performance

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore innovative materials for the development of next-generation supercapacitor electrodes. The hypothesis is that, upon the surface-decoration with appropriate amount of MnO 2 nanowhiskers, freestanding and highly graphitic electrospun carbon nanofiber (ECNF) mats (with fiber diameters of ∼200 nm and BET specific surface areas of ∼583 m 2 g −1 ) derived from a natural product of lignin would be binder-free supercapacitor electrodes with high performance. To test the hypothesis, the ECNF mats have been prepared first; thereafter, the acquired ECNF mats have been surface-decorated with varied amounts of MnO 2 nanowhiskers to prepare three types of ECNF/MnO 2 mats. The morphological and structural properties of ECNF and ECNF/MnO 2 mats are characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD, the weight percentages of MnO 2 nanowhiskers in three ECNF/MnO 2 mats are determined by thermal gravimetric analysis; while the electrochemical performance of each mat/electrode is evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge method, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This study reveals that, all of the three ECNF/MnO 2 mats/electrodes have significantly enhanced electrochemical performances compared to the ECNF mat/electrode; while the ECNF/MnO 2 (1:1) mat/electrode exhibits the highest gravimetric capacitance of 83.3 F g −1 , energy density of 84.3 W h kg −1 , and power density of 5.72 kW kg −1 .
Structure of the frequency-interacting RNA helicase: a protein interaction hub for the circadian clock.

In the Neurospora crassa circadian clock, a protein complex of frequency (FRQ), casein kinase 1a (CK1a), and the FRQ-interacting RNA Helicase (FRH) rhythmically represses gene expression by the white-collar complex (WCC). FRH crystal structures in several conformations and bound to ADP/RNA reveal differences between FRH and the yeast homolog Mtr4 that clarify the distinct role of FRH in the clock. The FRQ-interacting region at the FRH N-terminus has variable structure in the absence of FRQ A known mutation that disrupts circadian rhythms (R806H) resides in a positively charged surface of the KOW domain, far removed from the helicase core. We show that changes to other similarly located residues modulate interactions with the WCC and FRQ A V142G substitution near the N-terminus also alters FRQ and WCC binding to FRH, but produces an unusual short clock period. These data support the assertion that FRH helicase activity does not play an essential role in the clock, but rather FRH acts to mediate contacts among FRQ, CK1a and the WCC through interactions involving its N-terminus and KOW module.
Contemporary Liberalism and Autonomy II: Joseph Raz on Trust and Citizenship

I want to turn now to an argument of a distinguished contemporary liberal political theorist, Joseph Raz of the Oxford, that moral paternalism is inadmissible because it denies people full citizenship and undermines the necessary trust of citizens. This chapter takes up the critique of Raz on autonomy begun in Robert George's critique of Raz's earlier work on autonomy. Raz is a liberal. However, he is unlike many other liberal theorists (e.g., Ronald Dworkin) in his straightforward assertion that autonomy is not an unqualified good. He says that “the good life is a successful autonomous life, that is life consisting in the successful pursuit of valuable activities and relationships largely chosen by the person involved.” The assertion that autonomy is successful only if used for valuable activities makes Raz a distinctly atypical liberal. Raz is also, however, firm in his adherence to the “harm” principle: he is opposed to coercive moral paternalism. Government should not coercively restrain moral autonomy even when it is used to pursue activities that are not morally valuable, as long as other people are not relatively directly harmed. His argument in “Liberty and Trust” is another part of his effort to defend this combination of perfectionism and contemporary liberal commitment to the harm principle. COERCION Raz begins by indicating some serious reservations about coercion. Coercion, says Raz, “violates a person's independence by subjecting him to the will of another.”
Copyright on Catfish Row: Musical Borrowing, Porgy and Bess, and Unfair Use

Treatment of musical borrowing under current copyright standards is far too often inequitable. This is evident in the works of George Gershwin, who, for a number of reasons, was able to borrow freely from existing traditions, works and artists, copyright the works he produced that reflected such borrowings, and then restrict future borrowings and reinterpretations of his works. Looking at the operation and the uses of copyright in the specific instance of George Gershwin's musical practice reflects uses of copyright in the musical arena and demonstrates some ways in which current copyright frameworks may not adequately contemplate actual practices of music copyright holders. George Gershwin borrowed from a wide range of musical sources, worked extensively with technical collaborators throughout his career, and immersed himself in African-American musical traditions. Following Gershwin's death, however, the Gershwin family came to control his copyrights, highlighting the role that heirs now play in the actual use of copyright given the fact that copyright duration now extends to seventy years beyond the lives of individual creators. The Gershwin heirs have, in most cases, not permitted borrowing or significant reinterpretation of George Gershwin's works. The ability of heirs to control borrowing from and interpretations of existing musical works reflects the fact that copyright structures to this point have been based on the combining of rights of control and compensation within copyright frameworks. Through various mechanisms, heirs, in particular, tend to exert control over uses of copyright in ways that have little to do with the creation of musical works that is a major rationale for copyright. By potentially significantly limiting borrowing and reinterpretation, the exercise of control over copyright in such instances may actually hinder the creation of later works. Uses of copyright by creators such as Gershwin and his heirs suggest that it would be prudent in some instances to separate the control and the compensation aspects of copyright, particularly in cases of post-mortem artistic legacies. This separation would also involve moving in the direction of a liability-based standard in copyright that permits borrowing other than in instances of unfair use, in contrast to current standards that significantly limit borrowing except in limited instances such as fair use.
Robust Multi-view Subspace Learning through dual low-rank decompositions

Multi-view data is highly common nowadays, since various view-points and different sensors tend to facilitate better data representation. However, data from different views show a large divergence. Specifically, one sample lies in two kinds of structures, one is class structure and the other is view structure, which are intertwined with one another in the original feature space. To address this, we develop a Robust Multi-view Subspace Learning algorithm (RMSL) through dual low-rank decompositions, which desires to seek a low-dimensional view-invariant subspace for multi-view data. Through dual low-rank decompositions, RMSL aims to disassemble two intertwined structures from each other in the low-dimensional subspace. Furthermore, we develop two novel graph regularizers to guide dual low-rank decompositions in a supervised fashion. In this way, the semantic gap across different views would be mitigated so that RMSL can preserve more within-class information and reduce the influence of view variance to seek a more robust low-dimensional subspace. Extensive experiments on two multi-view benchmarks, e.g., face and object images, have witnessed the superiority of our proposed algorithm, by comparing it with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Screening for mitral valve prolapse: an analysis of benefits and costs in the U.S. Air Force.

Using the techniques of decision analysis, several possible mitral valve prolapse screening strategies for U.S. Air Force aircrew candidates are evaluated. Available clinical and epidemiological data are organized so that the relative merits of various strategies can be assessed by decision makers. The most efficient strategy is to screen pilot candidates with Quetelet's index (weight in kilograms/height in meters squared) and then eliminate those with an index at or below 15 who have an echocardiogram positive for mitral valve prolapse. The next most efficient strategy is to do echocardiograms on candidates with a heart murmur or click. Screening all candidates with an echocardiogram is much less efficient. Screening fighter pilot candidates only is a very inefficient strategy. Available data do not make a very convincing case for any screening program. Concerned and informed physicians will continue to have honest disagreements about screening for mitral valve prolapse in aircrew members.
What works for you may not work for (Gen)Me: Limitations of present leadership theories for the new generation

Abstract Scholars and practitioners alike have recognized that younger workers, collectively known as Millennials or GenMe, are different from workers in prior generations. Employees of this generation hold different expectations regarding the centrality of work to their lives and bring different personalities and attitudes to the workforce. As the number of Millennials in the workforce grows each year, the divide between them and their older counterparts becomes more salient, posing unique challenges for organizational leaders. In this paper, we explore how these changes may force the need for reconsideration of five of the most frequently used leadership theories in an effort to understand important boundary conditions and how leadership research must evolve to keep pace with a changing workforce.
Adoption of pediatric-inspired acute lymphoblastic leukemia regimens by adult oncologists treating adolescents and young adults: A population-based study

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated superior outcomes for adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are treated using pediatric versus adult therapeutic regimens. To the best of our knowledge, whether adult oncologists in the United States have adopted this approach to ALL in AYA patients is currently unknown. The objective of the current study was to provide a population-based description of ALL treatment patterns in AYA individuals over the past decade. METHODS Data regarding AYA patients aged 15 to 39 years and diagnosed with ALL between 2004 and 2014 while living in the Greater Bay Area were obtained from the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry (GBACR). Treating facilities were designated as pediatric or adult centers; induction treatment regimens were abstracted from registry text data fields. RESULTS Of 304 patients diagnosed in the GBACR catchment region, complete treatment data were available for 229 (75%). The location of care was identified for 296 patients (97%) treated at 31 unique centers. Approximately 70% of AYA patients received induction therapy at an adult treatment center. All AYA patients who were treated at pediatric centers received pediatric ALL regimens. Among AYA patients treated by adult oncologists with complete treatment data, none received a pediatric regimen before 2008. Between 2008 and 2012, while the US Adult Intergroup C10403 pediatric-inspired ALL protocol was open to accrual, 31% of AYA patients treated by adult oncologists received pediatric regimens. This rate fell to 21% from 2013 through 2014. Adult facilities treating ≥ 2 AYA patients with ALL per year captured in the GBACR were more likely to administer pediatric regimens than lower volume centers (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS As of 2014, only a minority of AYA patients with ALL received pediatric ALL regimens at adult cancer centers. Cancer 2017;122–130. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
DREISS: Using State-Space Models to Infer the Dynamics of Gene Expression Driven by External and Internal Regulatory Networks

Gene expression is controlled by the combinatorial effects of regulatory factors from different biological subsystems such as general transcription factors (TFs), cellular growth factors and microRNAs. A subsystem’s gene expression may be controlled by its internal regulatory factors, exclusively, or by external subsystems, or by both. It is thus useful to distinguish the degree to which a subsystem is regulated internally or externally–e.g., how non-conserved, species-specific TFs affect the expression of conserved, cross-species genes during evolution. We developed a computational method (DREISS, dreiss.gerteinlab.org) for analyzing the Dynamics of gene expression driven by Regulatory networks, both External and Internal based on State Space models. Given a subsystem, the “state” and “control” in the model refer to its own (internal) and another subsystem’s (external) gene expression levels. The state at a given time is determined by the state and control at a previous time. Because typical time-series data do not have enough samples to fully estimate the model’s parameters, DREISS uses dimensionality reduction, and identifies canonical temporal expression trajectories (e.g., degradation, growth and oscillation) representing the regulatory effects emanating from various subsystems. To demonstrate capabilities of DREISS, we study the regulatory effects of evolutionarily conserved vs. divergent TFs across distant species. In particular, we applied DREISS to the time-series gene expression datasets of C. elegans and D. melanogaster during their embryonic development. We analyzed the expression dynamics of the conserved, orthologous genes (orthologs), seeing the degree to which these can be accounted for by orthologous (internal) versus species-specific (external) TFs. We found that between two species, the orthologs have matched, internally driven expression patterns but very different externally driven ones. This is particularly true for genes with evolutionarily ancient functions (e.g. the ribosomal proteins), in contrast to those with more recently evolved functions (e.g., cell-cell communication). This suggests that despite striking morphological differences, some fundamental embryonic-developmental processes are still controlled by ancient regulatory systems.
Preventing theft of quality of service on open platforms

As multiple types of traffic converge onto one network, frequently wireless, enterprises face a tradeoff between effectiveness and security. Some types of traffic, such as voice-over-IP (VoIP), require certain quality of service (QoS) guarantees to be effective. The end client platform is in the best position to know which packets deserve this special handling. In many environments (such as universities), end users relish having control over their own machines. However, if end users administer their own machines, nothing stops dishonest ones from marking undeserving traffic for high QoS. How can an enterprise ensure that only appropriate traffic receives high QoS, while also allowing end users to retain control over their own machines? In this paper, we present the design and prototype of a solution, using SELinux, TCPA/TCG hardware, Diffserv, 802.1x, and EAP-TLS.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy prevents progression of renal failure in heart failure patients

Abstract Background The goal of this study is to assess the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) over time on renal function and its impact on mortality. The effect of CRT on renal function in patients with heart failure is not well understood. Methods All patients who underwent CRT implantation at University of Kansas between year 2000 and 2009 were reviewed and patients who had pre and post CRT renal function studied were included in our study. Stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were defined based on Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines. The effect of CRT on renal and cardiac function were studied at short term (≤6 months post implantation) and long term (>6 months). Results A total of 588 patients with mean age of 67 ± 12 yrs were included in the study. CRT responders (defined by increase in LVEF ≥ 5%) were 54% during short term follow-up and 65% on long term follow-up. When compared to baseline, there was no significant deterioration in mean Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) during follow up. When analyzed based on the stages of CKD, there was significant improvement of renal function in patients with advanced kidney disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stable GFR or an improvement in GFR independently predicted mortality after adjusting for co-morbidities. Conclusions CRT was associated with stabilization of renal function in patients with severe LV dysfunction and improvement in stage 4 and 5 CKD. Improved renal function was associated with a lower mortality.
Initial performance studies of a wearable brain positron emission tomography camera based on autonomous thin-film digital Geiger avalanche photodiode arrays.

Using analytical and Monte Carlo modeling, we explored performance of a lightweight wearable helmet-shaped brain positron emission tomography (PET), or BET camera, based on thin-film digital Geiger avalanche photodiode arrays with Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) or [Formula: see text] scintillators for imaging in vivo human brain function of freely moving and acting subjects. We investigated a spherical cap BET and cylindrical brain PET (CYL) geometries with 250-mm diameter. We also considered a clinical whole-body (WB) LYSO PET/CT scanner. The simulated energy resolutions were 10.8% (LYSO) and 3.3% ([Formula: see text]), and the coincidence window was set at 2 ns. The brain was simulated as a water sphere of uniform F-18 activity with a radius of 100 mm. We found that BET achieved [Formula: see text] better noise equivalent count (NEC) performance relative to the CYL and [Formula: see text] than WB. For 10-mm-thick [Formula: see text] equivalent mass systems, LYSO (7-mm thick) had [Formula: see text] higher NEC than [Formula: see text]. We found that [Formula: see text] scintillator crystals achieved [Formula: see text] full-width-half-maximum spatial resolution without parallax errors. Additionally, our simulations showed that LYSO generally outperformed [Formula: see text] for NEC unless the timing resolution for [Formula: see text] was considerably smaller than that presently used for LYSO, i.e., well below 300 ps.
Spatially Clustered Movement Patterns and Segregation of Subadult Chinook Salmon within the Salish Sea

AbstractWhile Pacific salmon are known for their extensive marine migrations, some species display much more limited alternative patterns, including residence within interior marine waters. To more clearly define the scale of movement of these residents, we used acoustic telemetry to track subadult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha caught in and released from discrete areas of the Salish Sea. Their movements were determined from detections at fixed receivers in central Puget Sound, Admiralty Inlet, the San Juan Islands, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Cluster analysis of the detections indicated four groups, with much less commonality of movement than might be inferred from the proximity of the tagging locations, which were only tens of kilometers apart. For example, none of the salmon tagged in central Puget Sound were detected in the San Juan Islands and vice versa. Thus, Chinook Salmon occupying central Puget Sound and the San Juan Islands may exhibit different distributions, extents of movement,...
From Computation to Black Holes and Space-Time Foam

We show that quantum mechanics and general relativity limit the speed $\ensuremath{\nu}$ of a simple computer (such as a black hole) and its memory space $I$ to $I{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{t}_{P}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where ${t}_{P}$ is the Planck time. We also show that the lifetime of a simple clock and its precision are similarly limited. These bounds and the holographic bound originate from the same physics that governs the quantum fluctuations of space-time. We further show that these physical bounds are realized for black holes, yielding the correct Hawking black hole lifetime, and that space-time undergoes much larger quantum fluctuations than conventional wisdom claims---almost within range of detection with modern gravitational-wave interferometers.
Averaging Sums of Powers of Integers

When is the average of sums of powers of integers itself a sum of the first n integers raised to a power? We provide all solutions when averaging two sums, and provide some conditions regarding whe...
Postoperative Swallowing Assessment After Lung Transplantation.

Background Dysphagia, aspiration, and potential pneumonia represent a major source of morbidity in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Conditions that potentiate dysphagia and aspiration include frailty and prolonged intubation. Our group of speech-language pathologists has been actively involved in performance of a bedside evaluation of swallowing, and instrumental evaluation of swallowing with modified barium swallow, and postoperative management in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Methods All lung transplant patients from April 2009 to September 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. A clinical bedside examination was performed by the speech-language pathology team, followed by a modified barium swallow or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Results A total of 321 patients were referred for evaluation. Twenty-four patients were unable to complete the evaluation. Clinical signs of aspiration were apparent in 160 patients (54%). Deep laryngeal penetration or aspiration were identified in 198 (67%) patients during instrumental testing. A group of 81 patients (27%) had an entirely normal clinical examination, but were found to have either deep penetration or aspiration. Conclusions The majority of patients aspirate after lung transplantation. Clinical bedside examination is not sensitive enough and will fail to identify patients with silent aspiration. A standard of practice following lung transplantation has been established that helps avoid postoperative aspiration associated with complications.
Sanitary Citizens: Masculinity, Consent, and Franchise

Until 1883 treatment in a Metropolitan Asylums Board hospital not only legally pauperized the patient and conferred a degrading taint; it also legally rendered the head of household a pauper and stripped him of the ability to vote in any election. This chapter looks closely at the campaign to “depauperize” the MAB hospitals and traces the ways health authorities sought to leverage working-class masculine domestic authority. London medical officers, largely lacking the legal ability to compel patients into hospitals, instead mobilized a gendered version of consent and citizenship. The depauperization of the London isolation hospitals set the stage for a contentious nationwide debate over removing the pauper penalty for all forms of parochial medical assistance. This chapter considers how debates about hospital fees, rate-supported medical aid, and pauperism shaped the biopolitics of citizenship.
Pathogenicity of fresh isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis: "the mouse assay" versus clinical and pathologic findings.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the results of experiments conducted to study the pathogenicity of fresh isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Eight strains of T. vaginalis were isolated in axenic cultures from the internal genitalia of female patients. Four to seven weeks after isolation, the intrinsic pathogenicity of the strains was evaluated by comparing the mean volumes of subcutaneous lesions produced by them in C57/BL6J mice six days post-inoculation. The report reveals that the mean volume of these lesions showed no statistical difference from that previously produced by the fresh isolate. Thus, the original pathogenicity level of the strain apparently was preserved at low temperature. According to the mouse assay of the fresh isolates, strain JH 35A was the most pathogenic with a mean volume of lesions almost twice as large as that of the next strain, JH 30A. The results show that no correlation appears to exist between pathogenicity levels estimated by the mouse assay and patient's age, day of menstrual cycle, or day before ensuing menses.
Revealing deep proteome diversity with community-scale proteomics big data

Translating the growing volumes of proteomics mass spectrometry data into reusable evidence of the occurrence and provenance of proteomics events requires the development of novel algorithms and community-scale computational workflows. MassIVE (http://massive.ucsd.edu) proposes to address this challenge in three stages. First, systematic annotation of human proteomics big data requires automated reanalysis of all public data using open source workflows with detailed records of search parameters and of individual Peptide Spectrum Matches (PSMs). As such, our large-scale reanalysis of tens of terabytes of human data has now increased the total number of proper public PSMs by over 10-fold to over 320 million PSMs whose coverage includes over 95 Second, proper synthesis of community-scale search results into a reusable knowledge base (KB) requires scalable workflows imposing strict statistical controls. Our MassIVE-KB spectral library has thus properly assembled 2+ million precursors from over 1.5 million peptides covering over 6.2 million amino acids in the human proteome, all of which at least double the numbers covered by the popular NIST spectral libraries. Moreover, MassIVE-KB detects 723 novel proteins (PE 2-5) for a total of 16,852 proteins observed in non-synthetic LCMS runs and 19,610 total proteins when including the recent ProteomeTools data. Third, we show how advanced identification algorithms combine with public data to reveal dozens of unexpected putative modifications supported by multiple highly-correlated spectra. These show that protein regions can be observed in over 100 different variants with various combinations of post-translational modifications and cleavage events, thus suggesting that current coverage of proteome diversity (at 1.3 variants per protein region) is far below what is observable in experimental data.
Expression, Regulation and Function of miR-126 in the Mouse Choroid Vasculature

Abstract MicroRNA miR-126 has been shown to be required for proper angiogenesis in several models. However, its expression, regulation and function in the mouse choroid remain unclear. Our previous data has shown that miR-126 expression is enriched in the endothelial cells (ECs) of the mouse choroid. Here we report that a 5.5 kb Egfl7/miR-126 promoter drives the expression of miR-126 in the choroid ECs during choroidal vascular development. The expression of miR-126 in the ECs is regulated by flow stress likely through Kruppel-like transcriptional factors. miR-126−/− mice show mildly delayed choroidal vascular development, but adult knockout mice develop periphery choroidal vascular lesions. This study suggests that miR-126 is largely dispensable for mouse choroidal development but required for maintaining choroidal vasculature integrity.
Exploring Function Continuity in Context

Although function analysis is widely applied in science, there are some areas, like function limits or continuity that are underrepresented. The purpose of this study is to model motion and support this process by applying function continuity. Students will model the principles of continuity by formulating position functions for objects moving along a horizontal path with multiple rules. The scientific context will be supplied by an interactive simulation called Walking Man that is available for free at http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/moving-man. This simulation allows designing a movement that can be mathematized using piecewise polynomial functions. Function continuity and sided limits will be used as tools to support the construction of these functions. The activity was conducted with a group of 20 calculus students. It was hypothesized that by applying the principles in context, the students would realize that function continuity is a critical condition that functions representing motion must satisfy. Posttest results supported the hypothesis.
Appearance of polyribosomes during germination of spores in cellular slime mold Dictyostelium purpureum.

Abstract Dormant spores of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium purpureum contain virtually no polyribosomes. During germination of heat-activated spores, polyribosome formation follows initial spore swelling and precedes emergence of the amebae. Cycloheximide and puromycin strongly suppress the appearance of polyribosomes during germination.
Effect of Altitude on Veteran Suicide Rates

Abstract Aims: Suicide rates in the general population in the United States are correlated with altitude. To explore factors contributing to suicide among military veterans, we examined the relatio...
Evaluation of an Enhanced Peer Mentoring Program on Scholarly Productivity and Promotion in Academic Emergency Medicine: A Five-Year Review.

Abstract Objective To design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of an enhanced peer mentoring program (EPMP) for faculty in emergency medicine aimed at overcoming traditional mentoring challenges. Methods Full time faculty (Clinical Instructor, Assistant, and Associate levels) were placed into peer groups (based upon their primary academic roles) led by senior faculty advisors at the Professor level. Peer groups met at least quarterly from 2012 to 2017. In lieu of a structured curriculum, session topics were informed by individual faculty surveys and peer group consensus. Areas of focus included work-life balance, prioritizing academic commitments, identification of mentors (both within and external to the department and university), networking opportunities, promotions goals, and career satisfaction. Results Effectiveness of the EPMP was evaluated by academic productivity and advancement over a 5- year period. A total of 22 faculty members participated in the program. There was an increase in promotions to the next academic level, from 3 promotions in the five years before the program to 7 promotions in the five years of the program. Total grant funding increased 3-fold from $500,000 to $1,706,479 from the first year to the last year of the evaluation period. Conclusions This enhanced peer mentoring program was effective in mitigating many of the traditional mentoring challenges faced by faculty in academia and was successful in improving both academic productivity and advancement.
The role of horizontal thermal advection in regulating wintertime mean and extreme temperatures over interior North America during the past and future

Horizontal thermal advection plays an especially prominent role in affecting winter climate over continental interiors, where both climatological conditions and extreme weather are strongly regulated by transport of remote air masses. Interior North America is one such region, and it experiences occasional cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) that may be related to amplified Arctic warming. Despite the known importance of dynamics in shaping the winter climate of this sector and the potential for climate change to modify heat transport, limited attention has been paid to the regional impact of thermal advection. Here, we use a reanalysis product and output from the Community Earth System Model’s Large Ensemble to quantify the roles of zonal and meridional temperature advection over the central United States during winter, both in the late twentieth and late twenty-first centuries. We frame our findings as a “tug-of-war” between opposing influences of the two advection components and between these dynamical forcings vs. thermodynamic changes under greenhouse warming. During both historical and future periods, zonal temperature advection is stronger than meridional advection east of the Rockies. The model simulates a future weakening of both zonal and meridional temperature advection, such that westerly flow provides less warming and northerly flow less cooling. On the most extreme cold days, meridional cold-air advection is more important than zonal warm-air advection. CAOs in the future feature stronger northerly flow but less extreme temperatures (even relative to the warmer climate), indicating the importance of other mechanisms such as snow cover and sea ice changes.
Military Museums and Memorial Sites: Disappearing Women in the Military

Through a study of the USS Midway Museum as well as a veterans' ceremony on the deck of the former aircraft carrier, the chapter investigates military narratives on commemoration and death that are consumed by visitors at military sites of remembrance. Through the use of semiotics, the chapter illuminates gendered dimensions of public memory at these sites. Semiotics offer a unique means to excavate structures of meaning within military cemeteries, museums, and memorials—spaces created to communicate certain meanings. By excluding women’s military service from exhibits and remembrance ceremonies, war museums erase decades of women’s participation in war and reify national defense as a thoroughly masculine domain. Structuring public memory in ways "that determine what is remembered (or forgotten), by whom, and for what end” (Gillis, Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship. In Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, ed. John R. Gillis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 3), narratives of valor contribute to understandings of national belonging, linking membership to service in wars and subtly encoding citizenship as a male privilege.
Potential Energy Prediction Based Control for Transient Stability Enhancement

Transient stability assessment and improvement is critical for power grid operation. It deals with the assessment of transient behavior of power grid (especially the generators) when subjected to large disturbances. Clearing a disturbance and taking preventive control actions before it makes the power grid unstable is of crucial importance. In this paper, by using the potential energy of generators, a controller is designed to enhance the transient stability of the system and increase the stability margin. The proposed approach has been tested on IEEE 39 bus test system and the results are provided. It can be seen that the proposed control architecture provide increased stability margin and better controller performance.
Mental Workload Classification From Spatial Representation of FNIRS Recordings Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Mental workload classification is a core element of designing adaptive Human-Computer Interfaces and plays an essential role in increasing the safety and operator performance of complex high-precision human-machine systems in fields such as aerospace and robotic surgery. Among noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising sensing modality for decoding mental states. While a variety of both classical and more modern classification techniques have been explored for fNIRS data, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have received only minimal attention. A significant advantage of CNNs compared to other classification methods is that they don’t require prior feature selection or computationally demanding preprocessing. In previous studies on using CNN for fNIRS signals, temporal information from the fNIRS time series was emphasized, but valuable spatial information contained in the recordings was neglected. In this work, we propose and evaluate new structures for the image data fed to the CNN. We exploit the spatial information available in the fNIRS data by constructing images that retain spatial structure. Classification results on real datasets show a significant improvement (16% and 8%) compared to existing Support Vector Machine and Deep Neural Network methods.
Christopher M. Moreman, Routledge Companion to Death and Dying

Christopher M. Moreman, Routledge Companion to Death and Dying (New York: Routledge, 2018), 594 pp., $220.00 (hbk), ISBN: 9781138852075.
Bevacizumab does not influence the efficacy of partial splenic embolization in the management of chemotherapy-induced hypersplenism

Abstract Background Antiangiogenics attenuate chemotherapy-related hepatotoxicity and portal hypertension. The potential impact of bevacizumab on the efficacy and safety of partial splenic embolization (PSE) in the management of chemotherapy-induced hypersplenism (CIH) has never been investigated. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective study with gastrointestinal cancer patients who have undergone PSE for the treatment of thrombocytopenia resulting from hypersplenism. Pre- and post-PSE platelet count (PC), the percentage of patients who resumed systemic therapy, and complication rates were compared between patients exposed and not exposed to bevacizumab. Results A total of 110 patients were eligible. Colorectal cancer was the predominant neoplasm (60%), and 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab were the most commonly provided drugs (70%, 65%, and 65% of patients, respectively). After PSE, 80% of patients recovered PC ≥ 100 × 109/L (100K). Systemic therapy was resumed in 81% of patients. Seventy-one patients exposed to bevacizumab had a median PC before PSE of 77.5K and after PSE of 167.0K, with a mean difference of 108K (P Conclusion PSE is a safe and effective procedure in the management of CIH, regardless of the provision of bevacizumab. Splenic infarction rate should be optimized to enhance patient outcomes.
The new Cambridge history of American foreign relations

Volume 1. Dimensions of the Early American Empire, 1754-1865: 1. Origins of the American empire and union 2. A perilous union, 1783-96 3. The 'Empire of Liberty' on land and sea 4. Towards hemispheric superiority 5. Freedom's empire 6. Expansionist vistas: Canada, Oregon, California, and Texas 7. Bulling Britain, conquering Mexico, claiming the canal 8. Disunion 9. The imperial crisis, 1861-5. Volume 2. The American Search for Opportunity, 1865-1913: 1. Springboards and strategies 2. The second industrial revolution at home and abroad 3. Race for empire 4. 'America will take this continent in hand along' 5. Crossing the oceans 6. 1893-6: chaos and crises 7. The empire of 1898 - and beyond 8. Pacific empire - and upheaval 9. Theodore Roosevelt: conservative as revolutionary 10. William Howard Taft and the age of revolution Conclusion: 11. The 1865-1913 era restated. Volume 3. The Globalizing of America, 1913-1945: 1. The age of European domination 2. The Great War and American neutrality 3. The United States at war 4. The Versailles peace 5. The 1920s: the security aspect 6. The 1920s: the economic aspect 7. The 1920s: the cultural aspect 8. The collapse of international order 9. Totalitarianism and the survival of democracy 10. The emergence of geopolitics 11. The road to Pearl Harbor 12. The global conflict. Volume 4. Challenges to American Primacy, 1945 to the Present: Part I. The Cold War: 1. At war's end: visions of a new world order 2. Origins of the Cold War 3. The Korean War and its consequences 4. New leaders and new arenas in the Cold War 5. Crisis revolution 6. America's longest war 7. The rise and fall of detente 8. In God's country 9. America and the world, 1945-91 Part II. After the Cold War: 10. The new world order 11. The 'war' against terrorism.