cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A signature for the HMG-1 box DNA-binding proteins

A diverse group of DNA-binding regulatory proteins share a common structural domain which is homologous to the sequence of a highly conserved and abundant chromosomal protein, HMG-1. Proteins containing this HMG-1 box regulate various cellular functions involving DNA binding, suggesting that the target DNA sequences share a common structural element. Members of this protein family exhibit a dual DNA-binding specificity: each recognizes a unique sequence as well as a common DNA conformation. The highly conserved HMG-1/-2 proteins may modulate the binding of other HMG-1 box proteins to bent DNA. We examine the structural and functional relationships between the proteins, identify their signature and describe common features of their target DNA elements.
Morbidity risk among young adolescents undergoing elective abortion.

A cohort study comparing risks of morbidity at the time of elective abortion between 399 young adolescents aged 17 years or less matched to 399 women aged 20 to 29 years was completed. The study matched for duration of gestation, types of procedure, parity, race, month of procedure, and insurance status. Results indicated a relative risk of post-abortal endometritis for adolescents compared to older women of 2.5 (95% C.L. 1.48, 3.85). The reasons for this difference are unclear.
Low clinical ischemic threshold for cerebral blood flow in severe acute brain trauma. Case report.

✓ A case of severe acute brain trauma is presented in which the patient made a satisfactory recovery after suffering a marked reduction in cerebral blood flow, to a level previously reported in association with impending brain death (10 ml/100 gm/min). This is believed to be the first report of a patient with severe acute brain injury in whom serial clinical and physiological assessments allowed documentation of the reversibility of such a critical level of cerebral hypoperfusion.
The effect of pressure pulsations on the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect

Abstract The effect of superposition of pressure pulses on the steady flow of blood through narrow tubes with diameters in the Fahraeus-Lindqvist range was studied experimentally to determine whether pulsations modify the diameter-dependent viscosity reduction of blood in these rigid tubes. Glass tubes 65 and 78 μm in internal diameter were perfused with steady pressures and sinusoidally oscillating pressures (50% amplitude at frequencies of 1 and 2 Hz) with the same mean values. It was observed that introduction of pulsations did not affect the mean flow rate of blood through the test segments.
Propulsive Maneuver Design for the 2007 Mars Phoenix Lander Mission

On May 25, 2008, the Mars Phoenix Lander (PHX) successfully landed in the northern planes of Mars in order to continue and complement NASA's "follow the water" theme as its predecessor Mars missions, such as Mars Odyssey (ODY) and Mars Exploration Rovers, have done in recent years. Instruments on the lander, through a robotic arm able to deliver soil samples to the deck, will perform in-situ and remote-sensing investigations to characterize the chemistry of materials at the local surface, subsurface, and atmosphere. Lander instruments will also identify the potential history of key indicator elements of significance to the biological potential of Mars, including potential organics within any accessible water ice. Precise trajectory control and targeting were necessary in order to achieve the accurate atmospheric entry conditions required for arriving at the desired landing site. The challenge for the trajectory control maneuver design was to meet or exceed these requirements in the presence of spacecraft limitations as well as other mission constraints. This paper describes the strategies used, including the specialized targeting specifically developed for PHX, in order to design and successfully execute the propulsive maneuvers that delivered the spacecraft to its targeted landing site while satisfying the planetary protection requirements in the presence of flight system constraints.
Invited Review: Culture Methods to Evaluate Central Venous Catheter Sepsis

Sepsis is a frequent complication of central venous catheters, but the diagnosis of catheter sepsis is not always clear-cut. A variety of culture methods is available to determine catheter-related septicemia. Each method has advantages and disadvantages for the clinician to consider. This article reviews qualitative, quantitative, and other culture methods applicable to both blood and the device.
Acid-base equilibria in ethylene glycol--I: definition of pH and determination of pk-values of acid-base indicators.

Abstract A pH-scale in ethylene glycol is defined, based on potentiometric measurements for a cell without liquid junction: and a potentiometric-spectrophotometric method for the determination of p K -value of acid-base indicators in ethylene glycol on the basis of this pH scale is proposed, in which the pH scale is established and the p K -value determined in a single titration at constant ionic strength. The following p K -values of indicators are reported: Cresol Red-3·00, Thymol Blue-3·39, Bromophenol Blue—6·49, Bromocresol Green—7·38, Bromocresol Purple— 9·00 and Cresol Red (2nd change)—11·07. A linear relationship was found between the p K -values of four sulphonphthalein indicators in ethylene glycol and in water according to the following equation (pK HI c ) EG = 2·3 + 1·1 (p K HI c ) W . An attempt is made to explain this dependence, based on the idea of solute-solvent interaction of species of the same charge type.
Effect of esterification and side-chain alkylation on alteration of translocation characteristics of methamidophos.

1. The phloem mobility and systemic activity of methamidophos (I); propanedioic acid, 1-phosphoramidothionic acid O, S-dimethyl ester, 2-methyl, 3-monoethyl ester (II); propanedioic acid, 1-phosphoramidothionic acid O, S-dimethyl ester, 2,2-dimethyl, 3-monoethyl ester (III); and butenoic acid, 1-monoethyl ester, 2,3-E & Z, 3-phosphoramidothionic acid O, S-dimethyl ester (IV) were investigated in soybeans (Glycine max L) with a bioassay using cabbage looper (Tricoplusia ni Huber) larvae to determine the impact of side-chain alkylation on the translocation of propanedioic acid, 1-phosphoramidothionic acid O, S-dimethyl ester 3-monoethyl ester (V).2. The ethyl ester of ethanedioic acid, 1-phosphoramidothionic acid O, S-dimethyl ester 2-monoethyl ester (VI) was compared with a bulky ester analogue, the 2-(methyl)butyl ester (VII).3. Monoethylation of the α-carbon of II resulted in enhanced insecticidal and systemic activity, which was interpreted as a steric hindrance to fatty acid oxidation of the propanedio...
On the stability of fully developed flow in a pipe

The stability of infinitesimal axially symmetric disturbances in fully developed pipe flow is examined anew. The classical eigenvalue problem is treated in part by asymptotic methods and leads to an algebraic relation between the eigenvalue c , the disturbance wavelength 2π/α, and the Reynolds number. Examination of the limiting cases of this relation reveals the existence of two families of characteristic numbers, the value of which tends to unity and to zero as the Reynolds number increases without bounds. For the latter, a more accurate solution is required and given. It is found that all eigenvalues yield stable solutions and that for a given wave number and Reynolds number only a finite number of eigenvalues exists. The limitations of the analysis are discussed in the light of a recent experimental study of the same problem.
Hydrogel expandable coils for vascular occlusion in congenital cardiovascular disease: a single center experience.

Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the AZUR hydrogel-polymer coated platinum coil (hydrocoil) for vascular occlusion in patients with congenital cardiovascular disease (CCVD). Design. Retrospective case review. Patients. Eight patients with CCVD who underwent attempted vascular occlusion procedure with the hydrocoil at the University of Michigan between January 1, 2008 and March 1, 2011. Median patient age was 1.6 years (range 0.6–27.5 years) and median weight was 10.6 kg (3.9–74.8 kg). Outcome Measures. Complete vascular occlusion of the target vessel was assessed at procedural completion with angiography and noninvasive imaging at follow-up. Key procedural variables and adverse events were also evaluated. Results. A total of 21 hydrocoils were successfully placed in seven vessels, in six patients. Vessels included four (57%) veno-venous collaterals, two (29%) aortopulmonary collaterals, and one (14%) main pulmonary artery. Hydrocoils could not be placed successfully in two patients, including one baffle leak and one veno-venous collateral. Pretreatment of the hydrocoil with steam to soften the coil, prior to vascular introduction, increased the likelihood of successful implant (100% vs. 60%). Complete occlusion was observed in 100% of vessels either at the time of catheterization or at follow-up. There were no complications attributable to the hydrocoil. Conclusions. Hydrocoils are safe and effective devices that can be utilized for vascular occlusion in a variety of blood vessels in patients with CCVD. Coil pretreatment may increase the likelihood of procedural success.
The Consortium on Revolutionary Europe

Established in 1970 to foster the study of Europe during the Revolutionary Period (1750–1850), the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe has grown into one of the major academic conferences in the United States. The Thirtieth Annual Meeting in Huntsville, Alabama, was held from March 2–5, 2000. It sponsored twenty-seven sessions and hosted over 123 historians who attended to hear papers ranging in topic from the problems of command in the Napoleonic Wars to the changing perception of art in eighteenth-century France. Members of the Consortium are actively seeking participants to present papers on topics related to social history. The best presentations from each conference are published in the Selected Papers.
Correlation of CT Scanning and Pathologic Features of Ophthalmic Graves' Disease

Abstract Correlating the CT scan features of patients with orbital Graves' disease with histopathologic observations allows one to focus more specifically on the distinguishing features of this disease with future research implications. Both CT scanning and pathologic studies have shown clearly that the extraocular muscles are the primary focus of the disease. Swelling of the extraocular muscles generally occurs within their bellys with sparing of the tendons. This contrasts with idiopathic inflammation of the muscles or myositis, which tends to involve the tendon as well. All of the associated findings in orbital Graves' disease probably flow from the enlarged volume of the extraocular muscles: proptosis, bowing of the medial lamina papyracea to accommodate the swollen belly of the medial rectus muscle, venous engorgement from stasis induced by direct compression of the orbital venous drainage, conjunctival and lid swelling, and lacrimal gland enlargement. Both radiographic and pathologic changes in the orbital fat are secondary and comparatively insignificant. While there appears to be no selective inflammation of the optic nerve meninges or the perineural connective tissues, enlargement of the extraocular muscle bellys where they converge at the crowded orbital apex brings about compression of the optic nerve, impairs its function, and causes visual decrease. Lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltration along with edema within the endomysium of the extraocular muscles leads to the activation of fibroblasts with the production of acid mucopolysaccharides and progressive fibrosis. It is not known what attracts the lymphocytes to the extraocular muscles, why certain extraocular muscles are affected preferentially, why the disease may be asymmetrically unilateral, and whether a defect in T cell or B cell functions (or both) is immunologically at fault.
The effects of social isolation and characteristics of the model on accent imitation in fourth-grade children

Abstract This study investigated some possible determinants of sociolinguistic change through the use of an experimental analog. General American speakers were asked to learn the role of a British character in a puppet play under varying motivational conditions. In the absence of any instruction to do so, children who were exposed to a tape recorded model presented as nurturant and powerful imitated the model's British accent to a greater extent than did children who heard the some model presented as helpless. The effect of preceding social isolation interacted with the sex of the child and/or that of the model.
Effects of Purified Parathyroid Hormone on the Calcium Metabolism of Monkey Kidney Cells

The effects of purified parathyroid hormone (PTH) were investigated in cultures of kidney cells. The hormone stimulated calcium uptake by the cells from 3 to 30-fold and increased the cellular calcium concentration and the calcium turnover. Other basic polypeptides ould not duplicate these effects of the hormone. The response to PTH can be observed within an hour although the maximum effect was obtained at 6 hr. DNP did not inhibit the action of PTH, suggesting that the stimulated transport is a passive process. It is concluded that PTH stimulates calcium influx into the cell and increases the intracellular calcium concentration. In turn, this increased intracellular calcium could affect the metabolism of the cell and lead secondarily to an increased active extrusion of calcium by the cell, causing a greater calcium transport. (Endocrinology 83: 1316, 1968)
A novel site-directed mutant of myoglobin with an unusually high O2 affinity and low autooxidation rate.

Abstract Mutants of sperm whale myoglobin were constructed at position 29 (B10 in helix notation) to examine the effects of distal pocket size on the rates of ligand binding and autooxidation. Leu29 was replaced with Ala, Val, and Phe using the synthetic gene and Escherichia coli expression system of Springer and Sligar (Springer, B. A., and Sligar, S. G. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 8961-8965). Structures of the ferric forms of Val29 and Phe29, and the oxy form of Phe29 myoglobin were determined to 1.7 A by x-ray crystallography. The ferric mutant proteins are remarkably isomorphous with the wild type protein except in the immediate vicinity of residue 29. Thus, the protein structure in the distal pocket of myoglobin can accommodate either a large "hole" (i.e. Ala or Val) or a large side chain (i.e. Phe) at position 29 without perturbation of tertiary structure. Phe29 oxymyoglobin is also identical to the native oxy protein in terms of overall structure and interactions between the bound O2 and His64, Val68, Phe43, and Ile107. The distance between the nearest side chain atom of residue 29 and the second atom of the bound oxygen molecule is 3.2 A in the Phe29 protein and 4.9 A in native myoglobin. The equilibrium constants for O2 binding to Ala29, Val29, and Leu29 (native) myoglobin are the same, approximately 1.0 x 10(6) M-1 at 20 degrees C, whereas that for the Phe29 protein is markedly greater, 15 x 10(6) M-1. This increase in affinity is due primarily to a 10-fold decrease in the O2 dissociation rate constant for the Phe29 mutant and appears to be the result of stabilizing interactions between the negative portion of the bound O2 dipole and the partially positive edge of the phenyl ring. Increasing the size of residue 29 causes large decreases in the rate of autooxidation of myoglobin: k(ox) = 0.24, 0.23, 0.055, and 0.005 h-1 for Ala29, Val29, Leu29 (native), and Phe29 myoglobin, respectively, in air at 37 degrees C. Thus, the Leu29----Phe mutation produces a reduced protein that is remarkably stable and is expressed in E. coli as 100% MbO2. The selective pressure to conserve Leu29 at the B10 position probably represents a compromise between reducing the rate of autooxidation and maintaining a large enough O2 dissociation rate constant to allow rapid oxygen release during respiration.
Interaction of sphingomyelinase with sphingomyelin-containing supported membranes

We have studied the interaction of the enzyme sphingomyelinase with sphingomyelin-containing supported membranes using quantitative applications of real-time epifluorescence microscopy and imaging optical ellipsometry. The enzymatic action converts sphingomyelin into ceramides by cleaving the phosphodiester bond. Our results confirm previous studies establishing a gross morphological transformation of lipid bilayers involving a multi-step process consisting of lag-burst type of enzyme activation and in-plane reorganization of membrane components attributed to the formation of ceramide-enriched domains. A unique finding of our study is the evidence for the existence of an additional out-of-plane deformation following lateral reorganization resulting in membrane voids disrupting the laterally contiguous bilayer. Taken together, the in-plane and out-of-plane deformations suggest a mechanistic picture in which lateral diffusional processes of translational mobility and phase separation couple with out-of-plane interactions across the membrane leaflet to induce irreversible membrane disruption in response to SMase action. Remarkably, lipid monolayers supported on hydrophobic substrates exhibit no such large-scale deformation despite ceramide generation by enzymatic activity of sphingomyelinase, possibly suggesting the importance of coupling across membrane leaflets in inducing out-of-plane deformations.
Information, Activation, and Electoral Competition in the 2002 Congressional Elections

Although uncompetitive races for the House of Representatives produce formidable challenges to long-held democratic ideals regarding popular control and meaningful citizen involvement, little is known regarding the significance of variance in district-level competitiveness for the perceptions and behaviors of voters. Do citizens know that the outcomes of most U.S. House elections are foregone conclusions? Does the actual political climate of the district influence citizen' perceptions regarding electoral competitiveness, and, ultimately, the decision to vote? Does campaign activity influence citizen' perceptions? Do these various perceptions and behaviors hinge in part on the citizen's level of political knowledge? These questions are addressed through analysis of data from a study that oversamples citizens located in competitive House districts during the 2002 midterm election.
Babble Noise: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications

Speech babble is one of the most challenging noise interference for all speech systems. Here, a systematic approach to model its underlying structure is proposed to further the existing knowledge of speech processing in noisy environments. This paper establishes a working foundation for the analysis and modeling of babble speech. We first address the underlying model for multiple speaker babble speech - considering the number of conversations versus the number of speakers contributing to babble. Next, based on this model, we develop an algorithm to detect the range of the number of speakers within an unknown babble speech sequence. Evaluation is performed using 110 h of data from the Switchboard corpus. The number of simultaneous conversations ranges from one to nine, or one to 18 subjects speaking. A speaker conversation stream detection rate in excess of 80% is achieved with a speaker window size of plusmn1 speakers. Finally, the problem of in-set/out-of-set speaker recognition is considered in the context of interfering babble speech noise. Results are shown for test durations from 2-8 s, with babble speaker groups ranging from two to nine subjects. It is shown that by choosing the correct number of speakers in the background babble an overall average performance gain of 6.44% equal error rate can be obtained. This study represents effectively the first effort in developing an overall model for speech babble, and with this, contributions are made for speech system robustness in noise.
Investigation of Fully Three-Dimensional Helical RF Field Effects on Twt Beam/Circuit Interaction

A fully three-dimensional (3D), time-dependent, helical traveling-wave tube (TWT) interaction model has been developed using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell code MAFIA. The model includes a short section of helical slow-wave circuit with excitation fed by RF input/output couplers, and electron beam contained by periodic permanent magnet focusing. All components of the model are simulated in three dimensions allowing the effects of the fully 3D helical fields on RF circuit/beam interaction to be investigated for the first time. The development of the interaction model is presented, and predicted TWT performance using 2.5D and 3D models is compared to investigate the effect of conventional approximations used in TWT analysis.
Paraprofessional Versus Professional Drug Abuse Counselors: Attitudes and Expectations of the Counselors and Their Clients

Three groups of methadone maintenance and drug-free outpatient counselors, ex-addict paraprofessionals (EXAs), non-ex-addict parapro-fessionals (NEAs), and degreed professional counselors (PROs), were contrasted in terms of their views of drug abuse and drug treatment, their attitudes toward and expectations for their clients, and in terms of their clients' attitudes toward them. Across groups, counselors agreed on the major cause of drug abuse, the critical factor in treatment, the definition of treatment success, and their expectations for client success. While clients of the three groups viewed their counselors as equally able to understand them and were equally confident of the counselors, the clients of EXAs saw their counselors as more knowledgeable about critical issues of drugs and the street scene, were more willing to bring personal problems to their counselors, and expected and desired more participation from their counselors in both counseling-related and personal problems.
1‐Cyclopropylethyl Trichloroacetimidate

[372524-52-2] C7H10N1O1Cl3 (MW 230.52) 1S/C7H10Cl3NO/c1-4(5-2-3-5)12-6(11)7(8,9)10/h4-5,11H,2-3H2,1H3 InChIKey = QYTMWGOBCSXJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (acid labile protecting group, activating protecting group for glycosidic bond synthesis) Alternate Names: 1-methyl cyclopropylmethyl trichloroacetimidate (MCPMTCI). Physical Data: density = 1.336 g mL−1. Solubility: soluble in all organic solvents tested to date, but not in water. Form Supplied in: viscous oil, which can be handled by syringe. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (C6D6) δ 0.01 (1H, m, CHH-Cp), 0.22 (1H, m, CHH-Cp), 0.29 (1H, m, CHH-Cp), 0.37 (1H, m, CHH-Cp), 0.86 (1H, m, CH-Cp), 1.22 (3H, d, J = 5.9 Hz, OCHCH3), 4.52 (1H, dq, J = 7.3 Hz, J = 5.9 Hz, OCHCH3), 8.17 (1H, s, NH); 13C NMR (C6D6) δ 2.8 (CH2-Cp), 3.9 (CH2-Cp), 16.7 (CH-Cp), 19.3 (CH3), 80.5 (OCHCH3), 162.8 (CN). Preparative Methods: a three-necked RB flask charged with (±)-α-methyl cyclopropylmethanol (5.0 mL, 51 mmol), trichloroacetonitrile (25 mL, 5 equiv), and benzene (50 mL) was cooled in an ice bath under an atmosphere of argon. To this solution was added solid 95% NaH (1.35 g, 53 mmol) through the central opening to avoid NaH sticking to the sides of the flask. After 3 h of stirring, the reaction was carefully quenched by the dropwise addition of cold water. After the effervescence ceased, the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layers separated and then washed again with water. After drying with MgSO4 and filtration by gravity through filter paper, the mixture was evaporated. The residue was taken up in cyclohexane, filtered by gravity through filter paper, evaporated, and dried in vacuo to yield (±)-1-methyl 1′-cyclopropylmethyl O-trichloroacetimidate as a colorless oil (8.4 g, 71%) (eq 1). (1) Purification: MCPMTCI will partially survive chromatography, but its purity is not improved. It can also be vacuum distilled, but the recovery was not high enough to be preparatively useful. Therefore, it is best used as prepared. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: MCPMTCI is stable dry at −20 °C or lower. It does slowly decompose to produce trichloroacetamide and volatile products. Like most trichloroacetimidates, it is unstable under acidic conditions, especially in the presence of nucleophiles such as water.
International travellers from New Jersey: piloting a travel health module in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey.

Background. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the New Jersey Department of Health used the New Jersey Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (NJBRFS), a state component of the national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to pilot a travel health module designed to collect population-based data on New Jersey residents travelling internationally. Our objective was to use this population-based travel health information to serve as a baseline to evaluate trends in US international travellers. Methods. A representative sample of New Jersey residents was identified through a random-digit-dialing method and administered the travel health module, which asked five questions: travel outside of USA during the previous year; destination; purpose; if a healthcare provider was visited before travel and any travel-related illness. Additional health variables from the larger NJBRFS were considered and included in bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression; weights were assigned to variables to account for survey design complexity. Results. Of 4029 participants, 841 (21%) travelled internationally. Top destinations included Mexico (10%), Canada (9%), Dominican Republic (6%), Bahamas (5%) and Italy (5%). Variables positively associated with travel included foreign birth, ≥$75 000 annual household income, college education and no children living in the household. One hundred fifty (18%) of 821 travellers with known destinations went to high-risk countries; 40% were visiting friends and relatives and only 30% sought pre-travel healthcare. Forty-eight (6%) of 837 responding travellers reported travel-related illness; 44% visited high-risk countries. Conclusions. Approximately one in five NJBRFS respondents travelled internationally during the previous year, a sizeable proportion to high-risk destinations. Few reported becoming ill as a result of travel but almost one-half of those ill had travelled to high-risk destinations. Population-based surveillance data on travellers can help document trends in destinations, traveller type and disease prevalence and evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention programmmes.
Cell-Cell Fusion, Chemotaxis and Metastasis

This review covers the concept of cell-cell fusion as an important feature of cancer progression and its consequences. The fusion of abnormal (mutated proliferating) cells with “task force” cells of the immune system (e.g., leukocytes and stem cells) that respond to tissue damage and stress has now been demonstrated. Evidence is being accumulated that these hybrid cells incorporate the motile and flexible characteristics of the “task force” cells with the lack of cell-cycle control of the proliferating cells. These characteristics may be the primary features that facilitate invasion and metastasis of cancers. The behavior of leukocytes and stem cells can, thus, be used to understand, predict and ultimately control the most dangerous features of cancer.
Metabolism of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by Plant Tissue Cultures

The environmental persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their demonstrated toxicity to animals has made this class of compounds a focal point of environmental concern around the world. PCB molecules consist of a biphenyl nucleus carrying 1 to 10 chlorines (see Fig. 1); hence there are 209 possible PCB congeners that differ in the number and position of the chlorines. Up until 1976, when they were banned in the U.S., a mixture of approximately 100 PCB isomers was routinely used commercially under the common name aroclor. Their primary use was in electrical equipment. In the U.S. they are included on the EPA Priority Pollutant List, and are known to be present in 25% of the nation’s superfund sites.
Clinical Application of Transcatheter Occlusion in Treating Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) of Children

Objective To explore the features and experience of children's patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)and made a comprehensive evaluation on the its efficacy.Methods 37 patients with patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)were chosen using transthoracic echocardiography(TTE),and were checked with ECG and chest X-ray before the operation;36 of them were pure patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)and 1 was PDA complicated with aorta descending stenosis.The defect closure was performed under the guidance of TTE and X-ray;followed-up was carried out with ECG,chest X-ray and TTE after the procedure.ResultsThe successful rate was 97.3%;one operation failed and changed into abnormity rectification in CPB;small quantity of residual shunt was observed in two patients;there was no significant difference in measurement by TTE before and after the transcatheter procedure;86.1% and 47.2% of the patients were followed up for 3~6 months and for 12 months respectively after the closure;TFE and chest X-ray checking demonstrated that right atrium and right ventricle of all the patients diminished,ECG demonstrate no obvious arrhythmogenesis.Conclusion With high successful rate and safety,transcatheter closure patent ductus arteriosus(PDA)has good efficacy and few complications;TTE and X-ray play an effective role in transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).
Effect of topical fluoride application before and after amalgam restoration placement on recurrent caries inhibition.

PURPOSE To evaluate the in vitro caries inhibition effects of 1.23% APF foam topical fluoride treatment of cavity preparations, prior to restoration placement and after restoration placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty standardized Class V preparations were placed in molars. Randomly, 40 teeth received an amalgam restoration: Twenty other teeth had 1cc 1.23% APF foam applied to preparation surfaces for 1 minute, then an amalgam restoration was placed. The APF was not rinsed away prior to restoration, it was displaced by the pressure of the amalgam being condensed into the preparation. Twenty of the initial 40 amalgam restorations had 1 cc 1.23% APF foam applied to the external tooth/restoration margins for 4 minutes, the remaining 20 amalgam restorations acted as the controls. Acid-resistant varnish was placed, leaving 1 mm of tooth adjacent to restoration margins exposed. All specimens were subjected to an artificial caries challenge (pH 4.4) for 5 days. Sections of 100 microns were cut longitudinally through the restored margins, photographed under polarized light microscopy, then demineralized areas adjacent to restoration margins were quantitated. RESULTS Results demonstrated the mean (+/- S.D.) area (microns 2) of demineralization 100 microns from the restoration margins to be: amalgam 10,221 +/- 524, amalgam with 1-minute APF over preparation 529 +/- 557, amalgam with 4-minute APF over external surface 736 +/- 359. ANOVA and Duncan's (P < 0.05) indicated both 1.23% APF foam topical fluoride treatment regimens exhibited significantly less demineralization at restoration margins than the non-treated amalgam control. There was no significant difference between the two fluoride placement regimens examined in this study.
Chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita; report of a case.

In summary, the authors feel that this case, presented roentgenographically, demonstrates, See Images in the PDF file as in a slow-motion picture, the uninterrupted course of events in chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita. The sequence of events leading to fusion of the areas of stippling of the epiphyses is demonstrated. It appears that there is a definite variation in the degree of involvement in the different cases reported, and that those cases with marked involvement and with associated anomalies have a poorer prognosis. The authors feel that the manifestations constitute a definite chondrodysplasia with variation in potentiality in regard to the eventual effect on completion of development.
Steady and Unsteady Simulations for Annular Internal Condensing Flows in a Channel

This paper highlights: (i) numerical methods developed to solve annular/stratified internal condensing flow problems, and (ii) the assessed effects of transverse gravity and surface tension on shear driven (horizontal channels) and gravity driven (inclined channels) internal condensing flows. A comparative study of the flow physics is presented with the help of steady and unsteady computational results obtained from the numerical solutions of the full two-dimensional governing equations for annular internal condensing flows. These simulations directly apply to recently-demonstrated innovative condenser operations which make the flow regime annular over the entire length of the condenser. The simulation algorithm is based on an active integration of our own codes developed on MATLAB with the standard single-phase CFD simulation codes available on COMSOL. The approach allows for an accurate wave simulation technique for the highly sensitive shear driven annular condensing flows.This simulation approach employs a sharp-interface model and uses a moving grid technique to accurately locate the dynamic interface by the solution of the interface tracking equation (employing the method of characteristics) along with the rest of the governing equations. The 4th order time-step accuracy in the method of characteristics has enabled, for the first time, the ability to track time-varying interface locations associated with wave phenomena and accurate satisfaction of all the interface conditions — including the more difficult to satisfy interfacial mass-flux equalities.A combination of steady and unsteady simulation results are also used to identify the effects of transverse gravity, axial gravity, and surface tension on the growth of waves. The results presented bring out the differences within different types of shear driven flows and differences between shear driven and gravity driven flows.The unsteady wave simulation capability has been used here to do the stability analysis for annular shear-driven steady flows. In stability analysis, an assessment of the dynamic response of the steady solutions to arbitrary instantaneous initial disturbance are obtained. The results mark the location beyond which the annular regime transitions to a non-annular regime (experimentally known to be a plug-slug regimes).The computational prediction of heat-flux values agree with the experimentally measured values (at measurement locations) obtained from relevant runs of our in-house experiments. Also, a comparison between the computationally predicted and experimentally measured values regarding the length of the annular regime is possible, and will be presented elsewhere.© 2014 ASME
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen on Platinum Nanoparticles in the Presence and Absence of Interactions with the Electrode Surface

We report that ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) treatment can be used to remove sixth-generation, hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers from dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles (Pt DENs) previously immobilized onto a pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) electrode. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical experiments indicate that removal of the dendrimer proceeds without changes to the size, shape, or electrocatalytic properties of the encapsulated nanoparticles. The UV/O3 treatment did not damage the PPF electrode. The electrocatalytic properties of the DENs before and after removal of the dendrimer were nearly identical.
The Category of Performance Cells and Hierarchies

This chapter completes our study of the structure of performance. Recall from chapter 5 that we had four local-global dichotomies for performance theory: instrumental, parts, dimensions, and evolution. We are not going to discuss the first two, but dimensions and evolution will be dealt with. Dimensions are what we want to discuss now, and evolution will be discussed in chapter 21.
Host genetic variation and microenvironment shape an emergent plant–antagonist interaction

Geographic mosaics of interspecific interactions can arise as a consequence of intrinsic and extrinsic deterministic factors. In this study, we took advantage of the recent discovery of a specialist leaf-miner (Caloptilia triadicae) on invasive Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) in the southeastern United States to examine deterministic drivers of variation in plant–animal antagonistic interactions. We conducted a common garden study to assess the influence of intrinsic host genetic variation and extrinsic microenvironment on Triadica traits as well as Caloptilia infestation and mortality. We found that tree size, branch leaf density, and leaf toughness differed according to multilocus estimates of genetic variation. Host genetic variation also influenced mortality of early instar Caloptilia, but had little effect on peak or late season infestation. Triadica from hyperinvasive populations were larger, exhibited reduced leaf density and tougher leaves, and had the lowest levels of peak season Caloptilia infestation, but also had the lowest levels of early instar mortality. Microhabitat variation associated with edge effects influenced tree size as well as late season infestation. These findings indicate that Caloptilia–Triadica interactions reflect seasonal shifts in the relative influence of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers, where peak season interactions largely reflect genetic variation in hosts, and late–season interactions reflect microenvironmental conditions. Further study of Caloptilia infestations could offer additional understanding of novel interactions that arise following species introductions.
Understanding the early effects of team-based learning on student accountability and engagement using a three session TBL pilot.

Abstract Background and purpose This study examined the early effects of a team based learning (TBL) pilot, including differences in student engagement with TBL compared to lectures, and student accountability, preferences, and satisfaction with TBL. Educational activity and setting Three TBL sessions were delivered in the nephrology section of pharmacotherapy and then students completed the team-based learning student assessment instrument (TBL-SAI), which assesses TBL relative to lecture on three subscales (i.e., student accountability, preferences, and satisfaction). Students also completed a modified engagement instrument for a lecture and again for a TBL session. Findings All students (160) participated in the survey (100% response rate). When comparing TBL and lecture engagement, five of eight statements were statistically significantly different. In TBL, students reported the strongest agreement with statements related to contributions (i.e., contributing fair share [mean 3.97], contributing meaningfully [mean 3.96]). Using the TBL-SAI, the mean score for accountability (30.64) was higher than neutral (24) indicating a higher level of accountability with TBL. Student satisfaction with TBL was neutral (mean 26.62, neutral = 27). Discussion and conclusions In a three-session pilot, TBL had positive effects on engagement and accountability. Early positive effects could aid programs in building and maintaining momentum with the TBL approach while working towards outcomes that may take longer to achieve, such as changes in professionalism or teamwork. Duration of exposure and perseverance through the transition to TBL may be important in developing preferences and satisfaction. This study provides insights to programs and instructors about student perceptions and attitudes as TBL is introduced.
Case 3: Abdominal Pain and Epididymitis in an 8-year-old Boy

1. Lauren W. Kaminsky, MD, PhD* 2. John P. Fletcher, DO* 3. Justen M. Aprile, MD* 1. *The Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA An 8-year-old boy is hospitalized after 5 days of abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and poor oral intake. Results of a rapid Strep test are positive, and he receives intramuscular penicillin. Scrotal pain, swelling, and hematuria develop, and ultrasonography reveals epididymitis. The epididymitis fails to improve with antibiotics, and the abdominal pain continues. After 3 days, he is transferred to a tertiary care hospital. During transfer by ambulance, the patient’s father notices a new dark purple rash. On admission, the boy has severe episodic abdominal pain, scrotal pain, and gelatinous bloody stool. On physical examination, his temperature is 97.9°F (36.6°C), heart rate is 115 beats/min, and blood pressure is 129/90 mm Hg. His abdomen is nondistended, with tenderness and guarding on palpation. The scrotum is edematous, erythematous, and tender, with bilateral cremasteric reflex. A palpable, nonblanchable petechial and purpuric rash is present on the upper extremities and buttocks. Laboratory results include:
Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Model for Heterogeneous Charged Systems

A new approach to calculating atomic-level forces in fusion-energy simulations breaks through computational bottlenecks seen in other approaches and reveals new behavior arising at the ablator-fuel interface.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Casinos and Economic Growth

It should be clear that there is uncertainty and disagreement in the literature regarding the economic effects of legalized gambling. While some argue that gambling cannibalizes other industries, gambling advocates disagree. Some papers in the literature analyze particular states during specific years (mostly the early 1990s) but still relatively few studies have attempted a comprehensive analysis of the economic effects of gambling in the United States or in other countries. For an overview, see Eadington (1999) and Clement (2003).
Localization of purine metabolizing enzymes in bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells : An enzymatic blood-brain barrier for dideoxynucleosides?

Purpose. The specific activities of the purine and pyrimidine metabolizing enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and cytidine deaminase (CDA) were determined in bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BBMECs), whole cerebral tissue and erythrocytes. In addition, the substrate specificities (Km and Vmax) of purified calf spleen PNP for inosine and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddl) and of purified calf intestinal ADA for 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (ddA), 6-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxypurine (6-Cl-ddP), and 2′-β-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (F-ddA) have been explored.
Protein kinase C is a key target for attenuation of Leigh syndrome by rapamycin

Abstract Leigh syndrome is a fatal neurometabolic disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial function. mTOR inhibition with rapamycin attenuates disease progression in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome (Ndufs4 KO mouse); however, the mechanism of rescue is unknown. Here we assessed the impact of rapamycin on the brain proteome and phosphoproteome of Ndufs4 KO mice. We report that rapamycin remodels the brain proteome to alter mitochondrial structure, inhibits signaling through both mTOR complexes, and inhibits multiple protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Administration of PKC inhibitors was sufficient to increase survival, delay neurological deficits, and prevent hair loss in Ndufs4 KO mice. Thus, PKC may be a viable therapeutic target for treating severe mitochondrial disease. One Sentence Summary Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of mouse brain identifies PKC as a key target to treat mitochondrial disease
Social interactions and physical symptoms in daily life: quality matters for older adults, quantity matters for younger adults

Objective: The present study examined how the different attributes of daily social interactions (quality and quantity) were associated with physical health, and how these associations vary with age. Method: Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, participants from an adulthood lifespan sample (n = 172; aged 20-79 years) reported their social interactions five times daily, and physical symptoms and symptom severity at the end of each day, for one week. Main outcome measures: Number of physical symptoms and physical symptom severity. Results: There was a within-person main effect of the quality (positivity), but not the quantity (frequency), of social interactions on the number of reported physical symptoms and their severity. Moderation analyses further revealed that the quality of daily social interactions predicted fewer physical symptoms for older adults, but not for younger adults; in contrast, the frequency of social interactions predicted less severe physical symptoms for younger adults, but not for older adults. Finally, the reported severity of physical symptoms predicted less frequent but more positive social interactions the next day. Conclusions: Our findings point to the bidirectional associations between social interactions and health and highlight the importance of considering individuals' developmental context in future research and interventions.
Early Life Events can Shape Aging and Longevity

There is increasing evidence that nutritional and hormonal signals during development can influence longevity. It was reported that mice subjected to mild calorie restriction only during the preweaning period live longer than control animals. In long-lived hypopituitary dwarf mice, longevity can be reduced by growth hormone replacement therapy during pre- and peri-pubertal period. These findings suggest that trajectory of aging is importantly influenced by the availability of nutrients and the levels of anabolic hormones during development.
Becoming Creole: Nature and Race in Belize

Melissa A. Johnson. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2019. xi and 229 pp., maps, photos, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. $99.95 cloth (ISBN 978-0-8135-9699-0); $34.95 paper (ISBN ...
“Phantom smokers”: Young cigarillo users who do not identify as smokers

Abstract Introduction Many young consumers of non-cigarette tobacco products, such as cigarillos, do not identify as smokers. These “phantom smokers” tend to underestimate risks to health and feel little urgency to quit. This study examines the prevalence and characteristics of phantom smoker status among young cigarillo users. Methods An online survey was conducted among 14–28 year olds who smoke at least 2 cigarillos per week. Phantom smoker status was determined by a negative response to “Do you consider yourself a smoker?” Other variables included smoking frequency, group smoking and sharing, and confidence in ability to quit. Associations between smoker identity and these variables were tested using chi square, independent samples t-tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 1089 respondents, 242 (22%) were identified as phantom smokers. Phantoms smoked half as many cigarillos per week as identified smokers (M = 4.75, SD = 5.11 vs. M = 11.33, SD = 0.88, p Conclusions Despite regular cigarillo use, over 20% of respondents did not identify as smokers. Cigarillo smoking, along with non-daily and shared use, should be routinely assessed among youth. Phantom smokers’ lack of concern about addiction and high confidence in their ability to quit may render conventional messages about smoking risk ineffective.