cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Application of Error Proofing to Welding Fixture

This paper through two cases introduces the error proofing technology in the application of automobile welding fixture,and after the actual production use confirmed its reliability and effective.Also introduced the structure of using proximity sensor detection error proofing system and overtravel-limit switch error proofing system、working principle、installation and maintenance considerations.
Neisseria meningitidis antibiotic susceptibility monitoring of isolates from Hebei Province

Objective To study the drug susceptibility of 42 Neisseria meningitidis( Nm) isolated from Hebei province. Methods According to the latest CLSI / NCCLS,K- B assay and MIC assay were carried to test the susceptibility of 12 drugs of treatment and prevention. Results All the 42 Nm were susceptible to meropenem,chloramphenicol,azithromycin,rifampicin,minocycline,and all isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole.The susceptible rate of penicillin and ampicillin were 59. 52% and 54. 76%. The resistant rate of ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were 80. 95% and 90. 48%. There was 1 strain of serum group B of Nm isolated from healthy people resistant to penicillin,and 1 strain of serum group B of Nm isolated from patient not susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Conclusions For the first time in Hebei province,found the strains resistant to penicillin and not susceptible to cephalosporins. Combining historical monitoring results,sulfa drugs and quinolones drugs are not recommended for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis prevention because of the high resistant rate.
Evolution vs. creationism.

It is unfortunate that the anti-evolution movement in the United States, as well as elsewhere, has successfully appropriated the term 'creationism' as its banner. One meaning of the term 'creationism' is shared by most religious believers, namely, the notion that the world was created by God ex nihilo, from nothing. This belief, in itself, does not deny, nor does it affirm, the evolution of life. Reciprocally, science has nothing to say about the assertion that God created the universe ex nihilo, because this is a religious belief that concerns the supernatural. The supernatural, as well as questions about values and about the meaning and purpose of life, transcend science, they are beyond its scope. Astrophysicists have discovered the expansion of the universe and some have concluded that there was a Big Bang, a 'singularity', at which the known universe started from a single point in space and in time, about 14 billion years ago. So, religious believers say, there was nothing before the Big Bang, which 'proves' that science has confirmed the cre ation of the world by God. But science has not done, it cannot do, any thing of the kind. "SVhat religious believers are entitled to assert is that the Big Bang is consistent with creation by God. This compatibility is enough, and should be enough, for the believer. Seeking confirmation
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas putida CBF10-2, a Soil Isolate with Bioremediation Potential in Agricultural and Industrial Environmental Settings.

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida CBF10-2 is a microorganism isolated from farmland soil in Fairchild, TX, found to degrade high-impact xenobiotics, including organophosphate insecticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and both monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics. The versatility of CBF10-2 makes it useful for multipurpose bioremediation of contaminated sites in agricultural and industrial environments.
Moral Education in the Pragmatic Pursuit of the Good

The best-known approaches to moral education can be broadly described as the cognitive-developmental approach associated with Lawrence Kohlberg, character or virtues education, and values clarification. To these a fourth should be added, based on the extensive contributions of John Dewey, to be called the pragmatic pursuit of the good. The pragmatic approach fosters and guides moral learning in the context of a moral community that is engaged in building a better world through democratic processes. In the pragmatic pursuit of the good, the moral community plays a vital role in nurturing moral character, moral values, and a recognition of the good to be achieved—including the public good, which requires going beyond the moral community in cooperation with other communities and the public at large. Defining and achieving the public good requires the cultivation of democratic participation and open, empirical investigation. In keeping with John Dewey’s philosophy of education, the overall aim is movement toward growth in opportunity, unity, and harmony: every deliberate choice is a moral opportunity to choose the good—the better option in view—and thus a moment of moral growth and achievement.
Itô’s Formula, the Stochastic Exponential, and Change of Measure on General Time Scales

We provide an Ito formula for stochastic dynamical equation on general time scales. Based on this Ito’s formula we give a closed-form expression for stochastic exponential on general time scales. We then demonstrate Girsanov’s change of measure formula in the case of general time scales. Our result is being applied to a Brownian motion on the quantum time scale ( -time scale).
Abstract 214: Role Of Sirtuin 6 In Macrophage Polarization In Diabetes

Clinical and experimental studies provide evidence that metabolic and inflammatory pathways are functionally interconnected to cardiovascular diseases. Dynamic changes in macrophage activation [classical M1 activation (promote inflammation) or alternative M2 activation (promote wound healing)], in response to various signals, modulate tissue pathology in diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD-dependent nuclear deacetylase plays an important role in genomic stability, cellular metabolism, stress response and aging. However, the mechanism by which SIRT6 activity affects macrophage function in diabetes is still unclear. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) exposed to high glucose (HG, 25mM D-glucose) showed reduced expression of SIRT6 as compared to low glucose (LG, 5mM D-glucose)- and osmotic control (OC, 5mM D-glucose+20mM D-mannitol)-treated cells. SIRT6 knockdown in RAW 264.7 cells exaggerated inflammatory response in macrophages exposed to high glucose (HG) and in contrast, IL4-induced alternative macrophage (M2) phenotype was defective in SIRT6 deficient BM-macrophages under high glucose condition. SIRT6 protein expression was low in failing (MI-induced) and diabetes-affected hearts. Interestingly, mice receiving intramyocardial injection of SIRT6-deficient macrophages showed further deterioration in LV function, post-MI. Taken together, these data highlighting a role for SIRT6 in regulating both M1 and M2 polarization might have broad implications for numerous inflammatory disease states including insulin resistance and wound healing.
Engaging doctors in management: the need to start early

I read with interest your article on whether doctors in the NHS “avoid” management roles.1 In my view, the problem is not a lack of motivation but a lack of opportunity. Throughout the US and Europe many …
f 2 Coliphage as Tracer in Wastewater Basin

In an effort to find a suitable tracer to determine virus flow-through in a sedimentation basin, the f 2 coliphage was selected. This note demonstrates that the limitations of a biological tracer are no more serious than those of chemical tracers normally used. An example of the use of f 2 coliphage as a tracer is provided. During a virus study determining flow-through time at a wastewater treatment unit, using the f 2 coliphage as a tracer is shown to be convenient and its use is accomplished with little difficulty.
Worst-case minimum rectilinear Steiner trees in all dimensions

It is proved that the length of the longest possible minimum rectilinear Steiner tree ofn points in the unitd-cube is asymptotic tosdn(d?1)/d, wheresd is a constant that depends on the dimensiond?2. A method of Chung and Graham (1981) is generalized to dimensiond to show that 1≤sd≤d4(1?d)/d. In addition to replicating Chung and Graham's exact determination ofs2=1, this generalization yields new bounds such as 1≤s3<1.191 and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVy0df9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lqpe0x% c9q8qqaqFn0dXdir-xcvk9pIe9q8qqaq-xir-f0-yqaqVeLsFr0-vr% 0-vr0xc8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaieaacaWFXa% GaeyizImQaeqOSdi2aaSbaaSqaaiaa-rdaaeqaaOGaeyizIm6aaOaa% aeaacaaIYaaaleqaaaaa!4122! $$1 \leqslant \beta _4 \leqslant \sqrt 2 $$ .
The synergistic effect of calcium on organic carbon sequestration to ferrihydrite

Sequestration of organic carbon (OC) in environmental systems is critical to mitigating climate change. Organo-mineral associations, especially those with iron (Fe) oxides, drive the chemistry of OC sequestration and stability in soils. Short-range-ordered Fe oxides, such as ferrihydrite, demonstrate a high affinity for OC in binary systems. Calcium commonly co-associates with OC and Fe oxides in soils, though the bonding mechanism (e.g., cation bridging) and implications of the co-association for OC sequestration remain unresolved. We explored the effect of calcium (Ca2+) on the sorption of dissolved OC to 2-line ferrihydrite. Sorption experiments were conducted between leaf litter-extractable OC and ferrihydrite at pH 4 to 9 with different initial C/Fe molar ratios and Ca2+ concentrations. The extent of OC sorption to ferrihydrite in the presence of Ca2+ increased across all tested pH values, especially at pH ≥ 7. Sorbed OC concentration at pH 9 increased from 8.72 ± 0.16 to 13.3 ± 0.20 mmol OC g−1 ferrihydrite between treatments of no added Ca2+ and 30 mM Ca2+ addition. Batch experiments were paired with spectroscopic studies to probe the speciation of sorbed OC and elucidate the sorption mechanism. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed that carboxylic functional moieties were the primary sorbed OC species that were preferentially bound to ferrihydrite and suggested an increase in Fe-carboxylate ligand exchange in the presence of Ca at pH 9. Results from batch to spectroscopic experiments provide significant evidence for the enhancement of dissolved OC sequestration to 2-line ferrihydrite and suggest the formation of Fe–Ca-OC ternary complexes. Findings of this research will inform modeling of environmental C cycling and have the potential to influence strategies for managing land to minimize OM stabilization.
Treating Diabetes in the Elderly: A Balanced Approach

Diabetes is present in 16% of the age group over 65 years old. These patients present a special treatment challenge in light of the marked morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Recent s...
Automated acute kidney injury alerts.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and probably one of the more consequential complications of critical illnesses. Recent information indicates that it is at least partially preventable; however, progress in its prevention, management, and treatment has been hindered by the scarcity of knowledge for effective interventions, inconsistencies in clinical practices, late identification of patients at risk for or with AKI, and limitations of access to best practices for prevention and management of AKI. Growing use of electronic health records has provided a platform for computer science to engage in data mining and processing, not only for early detection of AKI but also for the development of risk-stratification strategies and computer clinical decision–support (CDS) systems. Despite promising perspectives, the literature regarding the impact of AKI electronic alerts and CDS systems has been conflicting. Some studies have reported improvement in care processes and patient outcomes, whereas others have shown no effect on clinical outcomes and yet demonstrated an increase in the use of resources. These discrepancies are thought to be due to multiple factors that may be related to technology, human factors, modes of delivery of information to clinical providers, and level of expectations regarding the impact on patient outcomes. This review appraises the current body of knowledge and provides some outlines regarding research into and clinical aspects of CDS systems for AKI.
Effects of alloying Pd and Au on the hydrogenation of ethylene: An ab initio-based dynamic Monte Carlo study

An ab initio-based dynamic Monte Carlo simulation was developed and used to examine the kinetics of ethylene hydrogenation over Pd and PdAu alloys. The intrinsic activation barriers, overall reaction energies and chemisorption energies were calculated from first-principles density functional theoretical calculations. Lateral interactions were modeled by fitting ab initio data to semi-empirical bond order conservation and force field models. The results indicate that the intrinsic activation barriers for ethylene hydrogenation were considerably reduced from 15 to 7-8 kcal/mol due to the intermolecular interactions that take place on the surface at higher coverages. At higher temperatures or lower partial pressures of hydrogen, ethylene decomposition paths to the formation of ethylidyne become important. Alloying the surface with Au influences the intrinsic kinetics for hydrogenation by reducing the activation barrier for hydrogenation but increasing the barriers for H2 dissociation and ethylidyne formation. This is primarily due to geometric effects that result from alloying. Electronic effects, while present, are significantly smaller. Despite its influence on specific elementary steps, Au appears to have little effect on the calculated turnover frequencies for ethane formation. There are relatively minor increases in the activation barrier from 7.0 to 7.2 to 8.0 as we move from Pd(111) to Pd 87.5% Au 12.5% to Pd 66.7% Au 33.3% respectively. The qualitative effects of Au as well as the quantitative apparent activation barriers reported here are consistent with known experimental results. Au reduces the binding energy of ethylene, which increases the surface hydrogenation activity. However, Au also reduces the number of sites that can activate hydrogen. This reduces the hydrogen surface coverage and subsequently decreases the rate of ethylene hydrogenation. These effects (the weaker metal--adsorbate bonds and the decreased hydrogen surface coverage) balance each other out whereby the addition of Au shows little effect on the simulated turnover frequency on a per Pd atom basis. The primary influence of Au therefore is to decrease the ethylene decomposition paths that lead to ethylidyne and CHx products.
Methods available for solving medicolegal problems of disputed parentage.

Until recently, serologists confronted with a forensic problem of disputed parentage limited their tests to a few blood group systems only, especially the A-B-O system, M-N types, and Rh-Hr system. The tests were used mainly for providing evidence of exclusion of parentage, that is, if one or another of the blood groups of the respondent in a paternity action did not match with that of the child, the accused man could be excluded as father and exonerated of the charge of paternity by the court. If, however, the blood groups of the accused man matched, within the laws of heredity, those of the mother and child, the serological findings were interpreted as inconclusive. Because of the limited number of blood types such findings were not generally considered admissible by the court as evidence. There were occasional cases in which the accused man and the child shared a rare blood factor which the mother lacked; in such cases, the findings were usually considered circumstantial evidence though not absolute proof that the respondent was the father.
Starting a driver rehabilitation program

Driver rehabilitation programs assist clients in restoring transportation independence. This paper explores the many factors that a facility must consider when contemplating the provision of driver rehabilitation services. Topics include estimating market demand, preliminary research, staff credentialing, costs, funding and program models. Program implementation issues include policy development, vehicle selection, adapted equipment installation and program evaluation. Marketing strategies and liability issues are explored to highlight the rewards and risks that come with providing this specialty service.
Extending the Performance of the Solid-Phase Protein Sequencer

A technique has been developed whereby proteins and peptides are covalently linked to porous glass beads, which have been prepacked in small (30-μl volume), glass capillary tubes. This technique greatly simplifies immobilization of proteins for Edman degradation. Proteins can also be electroeluted from polyacrylamide gels and immobilized in these columns without intervening transfer steps. A procedure for reducing background, using 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to block primary amino groups, has also been developed.
Eye Tracking and Mental Illness

Eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) is one of the most widely replicated behavioral deficits associated with psychotic disorders. It is also over-represented in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives. Here, we provide an overview of research related to the specificity and co-familiality of ETD, the effects of medications, brain imaging findings, and the pathophysiology of this impairment. The evidence suggests that ETD involves both higher-order structures and early parts of the pursuit pathway. Localizing behavioral paradigms used in the fMRI environment can help to clarify the neural systems involved and to disambiguate predictive and sensorimotor factors.
HmmUFOtu: An HMM and Phylogenetic Placement based Ultra-fast Taxonomic Assignment and OTU Picking Tool for Microbiome Amplicon Sequencing Studies

Over the last decade, joint advances in next-generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics pipelines have dramatically improved our understanding of host-associated and environmental microbiota. Standard microbiome community analysis typically involves amplicon sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. These sequences are then clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for downstream diversity analyses, but also to reduce computational burden and allow for rapid analysis of datasets. Taxonomy is then assigned to all reads of an OTU, based on the assignment of a representative read. Although straightforward in principle, present methods often rely on heuristics while constructing (or "picking") OTUs to avoid computationally expensive algorithms, and ignore the prior knowledge of microbial phylogeny to further reduce the computational complexity. Here, we present HmmUFOtu, a novel tool for processing 16S rRNA sequences that addresses major limitations of current OTU picking and taxonomy assignment methods. HmmUFOtu relies on rapid per-read phylogenetic placement, followed by OTU picking and taxonomic assignment based on the phylogeny of known taxa. By benchmarking on simulated, mock community, and real datasets, we show that HmmUFOtu achieves high assignment accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision, even at species-level resolution. Compared to standard pipelines, HmmUFOtu more accurately recapitulates community diversity and composition. HmmUFOtu can perform taxonomic assignment in a species-resolution reference tree with ~ 200,000 nodes for 1 million 16S sequencing reads within 6 hours on a modest Linux workstation with 16 processors and 32 GB RAM. HmmUFOtu is written in C++98 and freely available at https://github.com/Grice-Lab/HmmUFOtu/.
Inverted Cone Convolutional Neural Network For Deboning MRIs

Data plenitude is the bottleneck for data-driven approaches, including neural networks. In particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) require an abundant database of training images to achieve a desired high accuracy. Current techniques employed for boosting small datasets are data augmentation and synthetic data generation, which suffer from computational complexity and imprecision compared to original datasets. In this paper, we intercalate prior knowledge based on spatial relation between images in the third dimension by computing the gradient of subsequent images in the dataset to remove extraneous information and highlight subtle variations between images. The approach is coined “Inverted Cone” because the volume of brain images below the level of the eyes is ordered to form an inverted cone geometry. The application explored in this work is deboning, or brain extraction, in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The difficulty of obtaining ground truth for this application prevents the ability of obtaining a large quantity of training images to train the CNN. We considered a limited dataset of 23 patients with and without malignant glioblastoma. Deboning was performed by employing an optimized CNN architecture with and without the Inverted Cone processing. The classic CNN without prior knowledge achieved a validation accuracy of 77%, while the Inverted Cone CNN model achieved a validation accuracy of 86% in a dataset of 451 brain MRI slices.
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children

The ACM SIGCHI Interaction Design and Children (IDC) is the premiere international conference for researchers, educators and practitioners to share the latest research findings, innovative methodologies and new technologies in the areas of inclusive child-centered design, learning and interaction. The annual conference incorporates papers, presentations, speakers, workshops, participatory design experiences and discussions on how to create better interactive experiences for children.
Experimental assessment of flow distributors for falling-films over horizontal tube banks

Abstract Flow distributors are designed to evenly spread fluid along the length of horizontal tube banks used in falling-film heat and mass transfer components. This study comparatively assesses the performance of eight distributor designs described in previous studies under uniform conditions: water at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure with a distribution length of 203 mm over a film Reynolds number range of 12–495. Flow regimes from the droplet to sheet regime were observed, and the levels of maldistribution were quantified using a simple segmented collection system. Droplet and jet characteristics were measured using image analysis of high-speed video, with droplet volumes ranging from 20 mm3 to 540 mm3 and jet diameters ranging from 1.2 mm to 4 mm. Overall, the box-based distributor designs outperformed the tube-based distributors, but maldistribution was significant (>50%) for some flow rates in all the tested designs.
Outcomes in Patients Treated with Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Primary Brain Cancer and Brain Metastases

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an emerging modality to treat benign and malignant brain lesions. LITT is a minimally invasive method to ablate tissue using laser-induced tissue heating and serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality for progressive brain lesions. We completed a single-center retrospective analysis of all patients with progressive brain lesions treated with LITT since its introduction at our center in August of 2015. Twelve patients have been treated for a total of 13 procedures, of which 10 patients had brain metastases and 2 patients had primary malignant gliomas. Biopsies were obtained immediately prior to laser-induced tissue heating in 10 procedures (76.9%), of which seven biopsies showed treatment-related changes without viable tumor. After laser ablation, two of three patients previously on steroids were successfully weaned on first attempt. The results of this analysis indicate that LITT is a well-tolerated procedure enabling some patients to discontinue steroids that may be effective for diagnosing and treating radiation necrosis and tumor progression.
Ubiquitin–Proteasome Machinery: Cells Garbage Disposal

Proteins are cells building blocks with a highly dynamic existence. Rates of synthesis and degradation dictate cellular protein levels at any given moment. Many proteins such as transcription factors or signaling molecules are rapidly degraded (min), while structural proteins have very slow turnover rates (days). Similarly, damaged or improperly folded proteins are rapidly degraded. Two major cellular pathways operate to mediate the degradation of cellular proteins. One involves the ATP-dependent ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and the other involves the non-ATP-dependent proteolysis that occurs in the lysosome. In this chapter, the discovery, structure–function, and disease resulting from impaired ubiquitin–-proteasome-mediated protein degradation are discussed.
Log-Rolling and Economic Interests in the Passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

We analyze Senate roll-call votes concerning tariffs on specific goods in order to understand the economic and political factors influencing the passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930. Contrary to recent studies emphasizing the partisan nature of the Congressional votes, our reading of the debates in the Congressional Record suggests that the final, party-line voting masks a rich vote- trading dynamic. We estimate a logit model of specific tariff votes that permits us to identify (a) important influences of specific producer beneficiaries in each Senator's constituency and (b) log- rolling coalitions among Senators with otherwise unrelated constituency interests which succeeded in raising tariff rates.
Effect of body mass index on bone mineral density is age-specific.

Abstract Background and aims Obesity and osteoporosis are two important and growing public health problems worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) has been found to be inversely related to the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We aimed to assess the association of BMI with thoracic vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) measured from a quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Methods and results We retrospectively evaluated the data from 15,758 consecutive patients (5675 females and 10,083 males) between age 20–90 years, who underwent Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scoring. Quantitative data analyses of thoracic trabecular BMD (mg/cm3) was performed with a phantom system or phantomless using validated software. The gender-specific subgroup was divided based on age ( 65 yrs in females; 60 yrs in Males) and weight by BMI (kg/m2) as 25 - 30 (obesity). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's post hoc procedure tested the association of body weight/BMI on BMD. A significant positive association between the body weight and BMD existed in obese population in elder groups in both genders (p Conclusions We concluded that the effect of weight on BMD is age-specific and the BMD should be monitored routinely with a cardiac CT scan in the senile population.
Abstract PO-009: Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant (WHO Grade IV) primary brain cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults. Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of MB treatment, as it is for most childhood and adult cancers. RT dose and frequency needed to achieve efficacy in MB patients severely impacts survival outcomes and is the cause of long-term cognitive deficits. To improve on short-term side effects and long-term complications, scanning beam proton therapy is employed, when available. While this recent technological advance significantly reduces damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue, survivors continue to experience induced radiation damage, including neurocognitive sequelae. To impact survivors’ health-related quality of life and caregivers’ emotional and financial burden, it is critical to identify approaches that reduce RT dose to mitigate side-effects without impacting RT effectiveness. We are investigating targeting a unique MB electrochemical vulnerability as a means to sensitize MB tumor cells to RT. There are four MB molecular subgroups: wingless, sonic-hedgehog, Group 3, and Group 4. Our analysis of 763 MB tumor transcriptomes reveals that all Group 3 MB tumors share an enhanced expression of genes-coding for subunits of the Type-A GABA receptor (GABAAR), a chloride channel. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that GABAARs conduct Cl− in MB cells and that a brain-penetrant benzodiazepine (BZ) enhances this effect and triggers cytotoxic responses commensurate with mitochondrial depolarization. We find that BZ combined with RT, even at a sub-lethal dose, is highly effective in impairing the viability of MB tumor cells, greater than RT alone. Our BZis capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier in minutes, is metabolically stable, and showed no toxicity in a primate model. We are investigating its suitability to be used concomitant with proton beam radiotherapy, replacing standard of care vincristine, to reduce radiation-induced brain toxicity experienced by MB patients and survivors while not decreasing RT effectiveness. Citation Format: Daniel Pomeranz Krummel, Laura Kallay, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Vaibhavkumar Gawali, Kamdem T. Donatien, Taukir Ahmed, James M. Cook, Michael Lamba, Susanne Wells, Ralph E. Vatner, Mathieu Sertorio, Dan T. Ionascu, Soma Sengupta. Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-009.
“Real” bodies in plus-size fashion

In recent years, a number of clothing brands have launched viral body-positive marketing campaigns featuring diverse groups of women of various sizes and body types in Photoshop-free ads. These ant...
Identity Claims that Underlie Ethical Awareness and Action

HCI and STS researchers have previously described the ethical complexity of practice, drawing together aspects of organizational complexity, design knowledge, and ethical frameworks. Building on this work, we investigate the identity claims and beliefs that impact practitioners’ ability to recognize and act upon ethical concerns in a range of technology-focused disciplines. In this paper, we report results from an interview study with 12 practitioners, identifying and describing their identity claims related to ethical awareness and action. We conducted a critically-focused thematic analysis to identify eight distinct claims representing roles relating to learning, educating, following policies, feeling a sense of responsibility, being a member of a profession, a translator, an activist, and deliberative. Based on our findings, we demonstrate how the claims foreground building competence in relation to ethical practice. We highlight the dynamic interplay among these claims and point towards implications for identity work in socio-technical contexts.
External sensor arrays for assisting pointing, tracking, and acquisition in FSO communication

A key component of establishing free-space optical communication between ground stations, satellites, and lunar nodes consists of accurate pointing, tracking, and beam acquisition. This investigation explores the use of sensor arrays external to the receiver aperture for sampling the incoming transmitted beam for the purpose of estimating the pointing error. Different arrays of sensors and different combinations of sensors processed with the traditional quadrant detector algorithm were evaluated based on the ability to accurately predict the direction of pointing error under a variety of beam widths and turbulence conditions. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that different configurations perform best under different conditions, and thus a combination of configurations with flexible processing capabilities provides the most promising approach. Beam width proved to be the most important factor in prediction accuracy.
Trace Selenium Measurement in Water Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence Assisted by Laser Ablation.

Selenium detection and removal from industrial and mining effluents have gained attention recently due to the negative effects of this trace element on aquatic life. However, the current methods fo...
The effect of sand concentration on depositional rate, magnitude, and location in the Colorado River below the Little Colorado River

A model of flow, sand transport, and bed evolution is used to examine processes during the 1996 controlled flood and to examine the effect of low and high sand concentrations on depositional rate, magnitude, and location. During a flood on the Little Colorado River in January 1993, water discharge in the main stem was increased to about 950 m 3 /s and a sand volume sufficient to increase sand concentrations to about twice the sand concentration measured on the first day of the controlled flood was delivered to the main stem and redistributed downstream. This influx of sand led to large deposits in depressions in main channel pools and deposition in recirculation zones that the model predicts originated as separation deposits and spread downstream and into the recirculation zone. In contrast, during the controlled flood at a discharge of 1270 m 3 /s sand was eroded from the main channel and the delivery of suspended sand from the main channel to the recirculation zones was focused at the reattachment point. Similar depositional patterns were predicted by the model using sand inputs at the upper and lower bounds of measured sand transport at the controlled flood water discharge. Rates of deposition and deposit volume were proportional to the sand input to the reach.
Changing demographic characteristics of women veterans: results from a national sample.

Women veterans are a small but growing percentage of the U.S. veteran population. There are some indications that, along with this increase, the characteristics and military experiences of younger women veterans differ considerably from those of older colleagues. Many of these characteristics are not well defined, but they could have implications for women's health care needs and health policy initiatives. Using the first sample drawn from the Department of Veterans Affairs' new National Registry of Women Veterans, we designed and administered a telephone survey to a representative sample of women veterans across several major age groups. Groups approximated primary eras of military and wartime service based on the assumption that different eras might be associated with differing military experiences. We found a number of age-related similarities and differences in women veterans' demographic characteristics, military experiences, physical health symptoms, and functional outcomes. Women veterans in general also differed from female civilian counterparts on exposure to sexual trauma. Trends in the population of women veterans are likely to have implications for the variety of health care systems that treat women veterans.
ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY OF THE VACUOLE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING SPORULATION

Svihla, G. (Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill.), J. L. Dainko, and F. Schlenk. Ultraviolet microscopy of the vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sporulation. J. Bacteriol. 88:449-456. 1964.-Normal cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cells containing, in their vacuoles, large quantities of S-adenosylmethionine were induced to sporulate. In the latter case, the strong ultraviolet absorption of the compound permitted photomicrographic observation of cytological detail. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses of cell extracts supplemented the cytological studies. The vacuole is abolished at the onset of sporulation, and its contents may be observed temporarily in the intersporular space. As sporulation progresses, the material is discharged into the culture medium. Sporulation of both types of cells also leads to a release of nucleic acid fragments into the culture medium.
Conversation, Observational Learning, and Informational Cascades

We offer a model to explain why groups of people sometimes converge upon poor decisions and are prone to fads, even though they can discuss the outcomes of their choices. Models of informational herding or cascades have examined how rational individuals learn by observing predecessors' actions, and show that when individuals stop using their own private signals, improvements in decision quality cease. A literature on word-of-mouth learning shows how observation of outcomes as well as actions can cause convergence upon correct decisions. However, the assumptions of these models differ considerably from those of the cascades/herding literature. In a setting which adds 'conversational' learning about both the payoff outcomes of predecessors to a basic cascades model, we describe conditions under which (1) cascades/herding occurs with probability one; (2) once started there is a positive probability (generally less than one) that a cascade lasts forever; (3) cascades aggregate information inefficiently and are fragile; (4) the ability to observe past payoffs can reduce average decision accuracy and welfare; and (5) delay in observation of payoffs can improve average accuracy and welfare.This version of the paper is superseded by "Taking the Road Less Traveled by: Does Conversation Eradicate Pernicious Cascades?," Cao, H. Henry, Han, Bing and Hirshleifer, David A., http://ssrn.com/abstract=422180
Composition and Properties of a Group A Streptococcal Teichoic Acid

Teichoic acid-like material extracted by cold trichloroacetic acid from lyophilized whole cells of streptococci from groups A,D,E,O, and T was shown to give a positive precipitin reaction with group antisera. Similar material from cells of groups B,C,F,G,H,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R, and S did not give a positive reaction with group antisera. The group A material also reacted with anti-E serum; however, the opposite did not occur. A similar result was also obtained on the group T material and anti-O serum. The group A teichoic acid was purified by Sephadex column chromatography, and was shown to be free of cell wall peptidoglycan and polysaccharide, and ribitol teichoic acid. It was composed of glycerol, phosphate, alanine, and glucosamine. Alkaline hydrolysis showed the presence of ester-linked alanine and glucosaminylglycerol. Phosphorus was released from ester linkage by alkaline phosphatase. N -acetylglucosamine produced a 72% inhibition of the precipitin test at a level of 10 μmoles, and d-alanine methyl ester was significantly stronger than the l-alanine ester. A single precipitin band was seen with group A serum. The data indicate that teichoic acid of group A streptococci is a polymer composed of glycerol phosphate and containing N -acetylglucosamine and alanine. Antisera to these streptococci contain antibodies specific for the alanine and the glucosamine linkages. The use of serum containing antibodies to alanine-polyglycerophosphate shows that the occurrence of this type of teichoic acid is widespread among the streptococci. Images
White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain's White Slaves in America – By Donald Jordan and Michael Walsh

Arguing that “slavery is not defined by time but by the experience of the subject,” the authors of this monograph seek to expose the “forgotten history” of white slavery during the colonial period ...
Complementary relationship between daily evaporation in the environment and pan evaporation

[1] Daily actual evaporation observed locally is compared to daily pan evaporation to clarify and test the validity of the complementary relationship at this timescale. For this purpose, use was made of actual evaporation measurements at two sites, namely, in the Konza Prairie, Kansas, during the First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment, and in the Little Washita River Basin, Oklahoma, as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. The corresponding pan evaporation data were obtained from nearby class A pan stations. The results of the analyses confirm the complementary relationship at this shorter timescale and lead to a procedure to estimate actual landscape evaporation by means of net radiation and pan evaporation data; they also provide support for the notion that even under conditions of decreasing incoming radiation, a negative trend in pan evaporation may still indicate a positive trend in landscape evapotranspiration.
“Making Alcatraz Amazing”: The Alcatraz Cellhouse Tour

In 1987 the National Park Service and Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy launched the Alcatraz Cellhouse Tour as part of the interpretive program educating visitors about the island and its history. Using an existing format made possible several years previously by Sony Walkman™ technology, the designers framed this individual, and innovative, audio tour as a means for visitors to experience the cellhouse through the voices of people incarcerated there, or living and working there, during the years when it served as an active federal prison. Such a design called for different decisions about content, scripting and moving people through space than had been required for ranger-led tours or the lecture-type audio tours prevalent at the time. The original tour has been updated continuously since its launch, and experienced by millions of visitors in multiple languages. The author of this case experienced the tour in 1988 and interviewed key designers in 2014.
The President on Spanish‐Language Television News

Objectives Different audience demographics and preferences should produce significant descriptive differences in the content of presidential news, with Noticiero Telemundo (Telemundo) newscasts offering more treatment of presidential news concerning issues pertinent to Latinos than NBC Nightly News (NBC). In addition, presidents can influence Spanish-language news by targeting policy issues and locations most relevant to Latinos. Methods We offer a basic descriptive comparison of news features and also use probit methodology to predict the conditions that contribute to Spanish-language presidential news coverage over 85 days in early 2011. Results Although Telemundo and NBC devote a similar amount of coverage to the president, Telemundo appeals to its Latino audience by reporting on issues relevant to Latinos. In addition, presidents increase the likelihood of Spanish-language news coverage by visiting border states. Conclusions Presidential influence of the news extends to Spanish-language television, even though Spanish-language news covers different topics in comparison with English-language news coverage.
Flavor reversion in soybean oil. V. Isolation and identification of reversion compounds in hydrogenated soybean oil

A reinvestigation of the deodorization condensates obtained from reverted, hydrogenated soybean oil has been made. The flavor materials were further concentrated by vacuum distillation at room temperature and by separation into neutral and acid fractions. Qualitative tests indicated that the flavor components were mainly α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Hydrogenation of the fractions possessing flavors destroyed the α,β-unsaturated carbonyls as well as the flavors. Oxidation of the carbonyls to the corresponding acids gave similar results. Three compounds were isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. They were identified as maleic dialdehyde, di-n-propyl ketone, and 2-heptenal by the use of physical as well as chemical data. A possible mechanism for the formation of two of these compounds from fatty acid precursors has been indicated.
Early orthodontic treatment

Interception by definition means "to stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course." The objective of interceptive orthodontic supervision is to create a more normal dentofacial environment as early as possible to prevent the adaptations and limitations that are often associated with a significant malocclusion in late adolescence. The question is not "what can be treated early?" but rather "what shotdd be treated early?" There are hidden pitfalls associated with interceptive treatment that may include long treatment times, maintenance of appliances, inability to accurately anticipate the changes associated with dentofacial growth and development, and the necessity to closely monitor treatment progress to avoid irreversible occlusal changes while evaluating the treatment response. The clinician must be prepared to evaluate and to alter the original plan of treatment if patient response is not coincident with treat" ment objectives. Problem list and treatment plan development in the young patient is demanding as there are many variables to consider, many of which are difficult to predict or control. The clinician must have an understanding of the dentofacial changes associated with various growth patterns to identify the cause of the malocclusion, to determine treatment objectives and options, and to select the appropriate appliance to reach those objectives. One goal of early intervention should be the prevention of progressive, irreversible soft iissue or bony changes. In developing arch length deficiency malocclusions, for instance, serial extraction procedures, guidance of eruption, or active appliance therapy can be instituted early to create or to preserve arch length with' the objective of encouraging the dentition to erupt into a more ideal arch form. There is evidence, for instance, to suggest that teeth that erupt ectopically, out of attached gingival tissue, will exhibit long-term decreases in both attached tissue thickness and alveolar bone height when compared with normally erupting controls. Another example of a potentially progressive change is a functional mandibular deviation from rest
Introduction to health care education: A course for new associate of science in nursing faculty

Adult learners entering nursing schools come from diverse backgrounds and have various characteristics and motivations for learning. To produce competent clinicians at the end of the program of study, nursing faculty must approach the learning process equipped with teaching strategies that are based on adult learning principles and educational theory. One method of assisting new faculty with acquiring this set of knowledge, skills, and abilities is to provide an orientation course that includes this content with opportunities to practice new learning with colleagues and the course facilitator.
Common causes for unsatisfactory Pap tests in a high-risk population: insights into a yet unresolved problem in gynecologic cytology.

Introduction Although the rates are generally low (0.2%-10%), unsatisfactory Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are associated with an increased risk of epithelial lesions on subsequent follow-up. Therefore, some studies have recommended extra laboratory processing, resampling of patients, and more recently, human papillomavirus testing. Materials and methods Consecutive cases signed out as unsatisfactory for evaluation (UE) were identified from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 in the cytology laboratory at Houston Methodist Hospital. Patient’s demographics, relevant prior clinical history, type of Pap test, reasons for UE diagnosis, and cytology or histology follow-up were obtained from the pathology database. Results Among 56,563 total Pap tests, 276 were signed out as UE (0.47%). Nearly half of these patients were older than 50 years (15 to 88 years). The majority (85%) of patients over 50 years old had a history of prior gynecologic cancer. Low squamous cellularity was the most common cause of UE in all age groups. Follow-up abnormalities were identified in 21 of 73 patients (29%). Conclusions Low squamous cellularity was the most common cause of UE and was often seen in women older than 50 years of age. The significant risk associated with UE emphasizes the importance of appropriate follow-up on these patients.
Relationships between admission variables and MMPI scale scores of hospitalized alcoholics.

286 alcoholic Ss were divided into subcategories on the basis of seven admission variables. The mean MMPI scale scores of the subcategories were compared Education, age, population of area of resid...