cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus and Tubulointerstitial Nephritis During Continuous Therapy With Rifampin

While receiving continuous daily rifampin therapy, a 57-year-old man developed acute renal failure and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis which was reversible by discontinuing the rifampin. Tubulointerstitial nephritis rarely develops during continuous rifampin therapy, and associated nephrogenic diabetes insipidus has not previously been reported. The majority of cases of tubulointerstitial nephritis due to rifampin have occurred following reintroduction of rifampin after an interruption in therapy. The clinical differences between patients developing tubulointerstitial nephritis during interrupted and continuous therapy are discussed.
Angiogenic, mitogenic, and chemotactic activity of human follicular fluid

Abstract Human follicular fluid was found to induce the formation of new blood vessels on the chick chorioallantoic membrane 3 to 5 days after implantation. To characterize this response more fully, the effects of human follicular fluid on a continuous line of bovine aortic arch endothelial cells were studied. Human follicular fluid showed strong mitogenic activity toward endothelial cells, ranging from a threefold increase in thymidine incorporation at a dilution of 1 : 10 to a 1.4-fold increase at a dilution of 1 : 3200. Endothelial cells also exhibited a directional migration (chemotaxis) toward human follicular fluid. A 1 : 10 dilution of human follicular fluid induced a 6.8-fold increase in directional cellular migration through membranes with 8 μm pores, and a 1 : 800 dilution induced a 1.8-fold increase in migration. Endothelial cells responding to gradients of human follicular fluid also demonstrated a marked change in morphologic structure when compared with control cells. Human plasma and fibrinogen were angiogenic and chemotactic (but not mitogenic) toward endothelial cells, which suggested that fibrinogen may account for at least part of the angiogenic activity of human follicular fluid. These results indicate that human follicular fluid is strongly angiogenic and that this biologic activity can be associated with effects directly on endothelial cells in vitro.
Experimental design symbolization and model derivation.

A method of design symbolization (DS) is given for a class of designs in which all factors are related by complete crossing or by nesting. Characterization of acceptable DS's, and logical relational properties are given. It is shown how the design model can be obtained from the DS.
Low-frequency noise in buried-channel SiGe n-MODFETs

Abstract The low-frequency noise and its spatial origin in strained Si/SiGe n-MODFETs with f MAX > 200 GHz is investigated for high-performance analog and mixed-signal applications. The dependence of the low-frequency noise response on two major device design parameters ( L G and L SD ) is examined. A stronger dependence of 1/ f noise on L G compared to L SD is observed. The correlation of drain current noise power spectral density with transconductance suggest carrier number induced fluctuations in the strained silicon channel of SiGe n-MODFETs dominate the noise characteristics. Further investigation of normalized noise spectral density’s dependence on gate overdrive voltage confirmed the dominance of carrier number fluctuations in the channel.
Explorations using computer simulation to comprehend thematic apperceptive measurement of motivation

The new theory of motivation by Atkinson and Birch (1970), based on conceptual analysis of a change in activity, has been programmed to allow computer simulation of effects of differences in motivation on the stream of operant behavior. Simulation of conditions that exist when people who differ in strength of achievement motive write imaginative stories in response to a sequence of pictures shows that construct validity does not require internal consistency as traditionally supposed. The theoretically deduced differences in total time spent imagining achieving (instead of something else) can postdict input differences in motive strength (i.e., construct validity) even when there is little or no internal consistency reliability as indicated by Cronbach's (1951) alpha computed from theoretically deduced time spent imagining achievement in response to particular pictures. This general point has already been amply documented in 25 years of productive empirical research using TATn Achievement. Now a definitive theoretical refutation of the repeated psychometric criticism of the method is provided. Those who have been moved “to dispel fantasies about fantasy-based measures of achievement motivation” (Entwistle, 1972) are invited, instead, to examine the shallow theoretical foudation of our traditional myths of measurement.
Width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in atomic vapor

The width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is studied in rubidium vapor. Nonlinear dependence of the width on drive intensity that is caused by Doppler broadening and optical pumping is found. Density-matrix analysis supports the observed dependence. The discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical prediction are discussed.
CO2-induced changes in the critical fusion frequency of the fly, Sarcophaga bullata.

Abstract The critical fusion frequency (CFF) for the ERG of a dipteran compound eye was measured under atmospheric conditions of low and high pCO2. It was found that following an increase in CO2 concentration to 80%, the CFF decreased from a mean value of 283 to 108 Hz within 60 sec and remained at this lower figure as long as the CO2 concentration was high. Recovery to control values was observed upon removal of the CO2. This result is compared with changes in the waveform of the single-flash ERG resulting from an identical CO2 increase. The low CFF is associated with a single, monophasis negative wave isolated by CO2 from the normally complex ERG. This negative wave is identified as the receptor cell component. It is suggested that two mechanisms are responsible for the frequency-dependent response characteristics of the dipteran eye. One resides at the level of the receptor cells and is responsible for the CFF recorded at 80% CO2, while the second involves ganglionic feedback upon the receptor cells and is necessary for the maintenance of the higher CFF recorded under normal atmospheric conditions.
Stimulus control of predatory aggression

In contrast to enucleation or deafening, olfactory bulbectomy increases mouse-killing in rats. Mice coated with lavender oil are killed more frequently by intact rats. These and previous experiments indicate that olfactory bulbectomy releases an inhibition of mouse killing in the rat and suggest a specific mechanism for such inhibition.
Can the Adler inelastic Lepton-Hadron sum rule ever be satisfied?

Abstract An extensive analysis of the Adler sum rule for neutrino processes is carried out. It appears that the sum rule is not saturated unless we allow (i) remarkably slow convergence of the Adler integral or (ii) bizarre behavior of F 2 ν n and F 2 ν p for 1 ⩽ ω ≲ 5.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of helix-coil transitions in polyamino acids.

Abstract High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra along with chemical shift and line-width data are presented and discussed for the following polyamino acids throughout their helix-coil transition regions: poly- l -alanine (2 molecular weights), poly-β-benzyl- l -aspartate, poly-γ-benzyl- l -glutamate, poly- l -glutamic acid (2 molecular weights), and poly- l -methionine. The sharpness of the spectra indicate that there is a rapid interconversion between helical and non-helical regions of the polymers. The lifetime of a residue in either state has an upper limit of about 6 × 10 −3 sec. The peak corresponding to the proton on the α-carbon of the polypeptide backbone shifts upfield on helix formation. The magnitude of this shift, which is attributed to the magnetic anisotropy of the peptide bond, appears to be a sensitive measure of per cent helicity. The chemical shift on helix formation of the peak corresponding to the proton on the peptide nitrogen is determined by two opposing factors: (1) differences in hydrogen bonding; (2) magnetic anisotropy of the adjacent peptide bond. Side-chain resonances are not shifted appreciably on helix formation.
Modeling of Local False Data Injection Attacks With Reduced Network Information

Modern power grids are becoming more prone to cyberattacks. Even worse, an attacker without the full topology and parameter information of a power grid can still execute a false data injection attack without being detected by the state estimator. This paper proposes an efficient strategy for determining the optimal attacking region that requires reduced network information. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through extensive simulations. This paper introduces a new front in the study of smart grid cyber security: determination of a feasible attacking region by obtaining less network information. This paper is also essential and significant for finding effective protection strategies against false data injection attacks based on the deep understanding of the mechanisms and strategies of the attacks.
Contemporary Treatment of Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal condition and includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The novel oral anticoagulants, which include the direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors, have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of VTE. Additional interventions include thrombolysis and the use of inferior vena cava filters. The purpose of this article is to provide a contemporary review of the treatment of VTE.
Food utilization and antioxidant enzyme activities of black swallowtail in response to plant phototoxins

Phototoxic compounds are widely distributed among plant families; due to their ability to bind covalently to DNA or to react with oxygen and generate toxic oxyradicals, these compounds are toxic to a variety of herbivorous organisms. Black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) larvae feed exclusively on phototoxic host plants in the Apiaceae and Rutaceae. In this study, we examined the toxicity of four phototoxins—three furanocoumarins and one β-carboline alkaloid—to P. polyxenes, as well as the inducibility of antioxidant enzyme defenses in response to these phototoxins. Neither the furanocoumarins nor the β-carboline alkaloid demonstrated any toxic effect on digestive efficiencies of P. polyxenes in the presence of light; harmine, the alkaloid, did significantly reduce growth and consumption rates. None of the compounds had a significant effect on antioxidant enzyme levels. These findings contrast with those reported in earlier studies for Trichoplusia ni, a generalist noctuid sensitive to both furanocoumarins and β-carboline alkaloids. Greater detoxicative metabolic capabilities, coupled with substantially higher constitutive levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, likely explain at least in part the absence of induced antioxidant enzyme responses in the specialist feeder on phototoxic plants. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Properties of [3H](3-Me-His2)TRH binding to apparent TRH receptors in the sheep central nervous system.

Abstract [ 3 H](3-methyl-His 2 )thyrotropin releasing hromone ([ 3 H]MeTRH) binds to sites in the sheep central nervous system (CNS) whose properties closely resemble both those of CNS binding sites for [ 3 H]TRH and those of pituitary binding sites for [ 3 H]MeTRH. Detailed studies of binding of [ 3 H]MeTRH in the sheep nucleus accumbens and retina have yielded equilibrium dissociation constants of about 4 nM and densities of binding sites of about 8 and 2 pmolf/g wet weight, respectively. The binding affinity of [ 3 H]MeTRH was 8- to 10-fold higher than that of [ 3 H]TRH, resulting in much lower non-specific binding with the new ligand. The association reaction had a rate constant of about 2–3 × 10 7 M −1 min −1 , while the biphasic dissociation reaction had rate constants of 8–9 × 10 −2 min −1 for the fast phase and 1–2 × 10 −2 min −1 for the slow phase. The regional distribution of binding in the sheep CNS was similar to that observed previously with [ 3 H]TRH. Highest binding outside the pituitary was in the nucleus accumbens area and retina, with another peak in the amygdala-temporal cortex area. Binding was widely distributed, so that no CNS region appeared totally devoid of binding. Nineteen TRH analogs, ranging in potency over 6 orders of magnitude, showed nearly identical abilities to compete for binding of [ 3 H]MeTRH in the CNS areas and in the sheep anterior pituitary gland in side-by-side experiments. These findings argue strongly for identification of [3H]MeTRH binding sites in the CNS as TRH receptors.
Hemodynamic Findings in Normal Children

Extract: We have studied cardiac function and dynamics in 29 apparently normal children under 20 years of age. Table I lists the values obtained for intracardiac and great vessel pressures. There was no correlation of these pressures with either age or increasing body size. Except for the possibility that our data is inadequate for patients under one week of age, these pressures as well as the ratio between pulmonary artery mean to systemic artery mean (fig. 1), appear to be constant throughout the pediatric age range. Arterio-venous differences ranged from 28 to 78 ml of O2/l of blood. The mean was 44.3 ml/l with a S.D. of 15.0. Left ventricular cavity diameters are shown for 11 normal children from our series and 9 patients from the literature (fig.4). The two measurements recorded in the youngest subjects are elevated, probably as a result of our inability to distinguish that area of left ventricular ‘wall’ occupied by the thymus. The ratio of the left ventricular cavity diameter to wall thickness was 7.0 (fig. 5). Calculated systemic, total pulmonary and pulmonary arteriolar resistances appeared to be inversely related to age, height, and weight. Therefore, it seemed that non-linear regression formulae employing the inverse of age, height and weight would be more suitable (table III). Height alone gave the best correlation with all cardiac functions except output. Calculated resistances for both systemic and pulmonary circulations fall with increasing age at approximately the same rate (figs. 6-8). As systemic blood flow increases to accommodate the needs of increasing body size, the denominator of the DC resistance term increases and ‘resistance’ decreases. Since in the absence of shunts, pulmonary blood flow must parallel the increase in systemic blood flow, pulmonary ‘resistance’ decreases pari passu. Speculation: High speed digital computers now make the development of regression equations increasingly simple. These equations will be increasingly employed by clinical investigators in place of ‘surface area’. It is also obvious that calculated ‘resistances’ tell us far less about the vascular bed than was formerly believed. Input impedance calculation will be employed in the future, particularly as better methods for measuring instantaneous flow become available.
Enabling discovery‐based learning in construction using telepresent augmented reality

Abstract Construction engineering students often complain about the lack of engagement and interaction with the learning environment. Notwithstanding, many instructors still rely on traditional teaching methods which include the use of chalkboard, handouts, and computer presentations that are often filled with many words and few visual elements. Research shows that these teaching techniques are considered almost obsolete by a many students specially those who are visual learners or team workers. Also, the influence of visual and social media has changed student perceptions and how they expect the instructional materials to be presented in a classroom setting. This paper presents an innovative pedagogical tool that uses remote videotaping, augmented reality (AR), and ultra-wide band (UWB) locationing to bring live videos of remote construction jobsites to the classroom, create an intuitive interface for students to interact with the objects in the video scenes, and visually deliver location-aware instructional materials to them.
Long-term thymic reconstitution by peripheral CD4 and CD8 single-positive lymphocytes

Significant immigration of peripheral T cells into SCID thymus was observed following reconstitution with normal Peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph node or peripheral lymph node cells. Immunohistologic and flow cytometric analyses reveal that T cells from these tissues are found in the thymus for as long as 177 days and can account for up to 67% of intrathymic cells. The returning cells express the CD3/T cell receptor alpha/beta complex, indicative of mature cells, and are equally divided among helper (CD4+CD8-) and cytotoxic (CD4-/CD8+) phenotypes. The immigration of peripheral T cells is not accompanied by the appearance of immature, double-positive (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes as seen in similar reconstitutions using bone marrow. Taken together, these results suggest that peripheral T cells from a variety of lymphoid organs may regularly re-enter the thymus and, thus, possibly play a role in normal thymic development.
Androgen receptor–cofactor interactions as targets for new drug discovery

Cofactor recruitment is a crucial regulatory step in nuclear receptor signal transduction. Given the obligate nature of interactions between cofactors and these receptors for transcriptional activity, it is likely that drugs that target coactivator interaction surfaces will function as pure antagonists with particular utility in the treatment of estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers. Recent crystallographic analysis of one of the major protein–protein interaction surfaces on the androgen receptor has raised expectations that it will be possible to develop small-molecule antagonists that block cofactor interactions.
Delayed publication of vaccine trials

Why are we waiting? Sponsors, authors, and editors all contribute to delays Among medical interventions to improve human health, vaccination has been and remains one of the most important.1 Given the huge number of deaths from influenza pandemics in recent history, the ability to rapidly develop effective vaccines for new strains of influenza is particularly critical. Making and testing a new influenza vaccine that can be administered to the public takes six months or less.2 For example, the pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza strain was first identified in April of 2009; four vaccines were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in September. After the approval of a vaccine, however, important questions remain regarding dosage, effectiveness, and safety. These questions are best answered by randomized clinical trials, and getting complete results from these trials to policy makers, clinicians, and the general public in a timely manner is essential. The problems of delayed publication and non-publication of clinical trials have been described in a variety of settings.3 4 5 In this issue of The BMJ , Manzoli and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g3058) examine delays to publication and non-publication for the vitally important area of vaccine trials.6 The authors searched …
Elemental diet is an effective treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents.

Elemental Diet Is an Effective Treatment for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children and Adolescents
Intramolecular transfer reactions induced by electron‐impact. Transsulfonations and transmethylations in polymethylene glycol dimethanesulfonates

The dimethanesulfonate esters of polymethylene glycols undergo three types of double-group transfer reactions as a result of electron-impact mass spectrometry: 1. Transfer of a hydrogen and one methanesulfonate group to the second methanesulfonate with cleavage to yield a protonated methanesulfonic acid anhydride. 2. Transfer of two hydrogens to a methanesulfonate group with cleavage to yield a protonated methanesulfonic acid. 3. Transfer of a hydrogen and a methyl group to the second methanesulfonate with cleavage to yield a protonated methyl methanesulfonate. Bicyclic transition states are proposed for these reactions.
The effect of sampling duration on the ability to resolve source types using factor analysis

The effects of sampling duration on source identification using factor analysis method were examined in this paper. Principal factor analyses were performed on the data collected as part of the Philadelphia Regional and Local Sulfur Aerosol Concentrations Study conducted from July to October 1982. The data were mass concentrations of 22 trace elements analyzed by proton induced x-ray emission (PIXE) analysis and their associated analytical uncertainties that are a measure of the precision of the measurements. A weighting scheme is applied to the concentrations of the elements to emphasize the precisely measured elements for factor analysis. Furthermore, a new method was used to eliminate the problem of Heywood cases in the factor analyses. Results show the influence of sampling duration on the number of resolvable factors as well as the amount of variance explained by the factors. The analyses show that reducing the sampling duration can increase the number of sources identified by the model. Idiosyncrasies not found in the total data are shown on the separate analyses on daylight and non-daylight data.
Morphological variation and its taxonomic and evolutionary significance in the Hawaiian Psychotria (Rubiaceae)

Morphological evidence resulting from a taxonomic revision of the genusPsychotria in the Hawaiian Islands supports previous work which recognized sectionsPelagomapouria andStraussia. The differences between these sections in inflorescence architecture, flower size, anther attachment, and pyrene anatomy, strongly support the contention that at least two introductions to the Hawaiian Archipelago were responsible for the origin of these sections. Whereas the taxa in sectionPelagomapouria are quite distinct from one another morphologically, those in sectionStraussia demonstrate almost continuous morphological intergradation.Straussia taxa also tend to become less distinct when followed from the older to the younger islands of the archipelago. Morphological variation within several complex species is illustrated. The morphological evidence supports the hypothesis thatStraussia has had a shorter tenure in the Hawaiian Islands than hasPelagomapouria and is in a relatively early evolutionary stage of adaptive radiation and speciation.
Choice behavior and reward structure

Abstract A model for choice behavior under conditions of variable payoff is presented. Predictions of choice probabilities are evaluated for an array of experiments involving different event probabilities, differential-payoff structures, two and three choices, and contingent and noncontingent reinforcement. An extension of the model to the prediction of response time is also considered.
Histological Evaluation of Cold Versus Hot Cutting: Clinical Impact on Margin Status for Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

Purpose: While most laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery is performed using cold scissors, energy based devices may also be used. A criticism of this approach has been the potential thermal destruction of the cellular architecture at the tumor margin, precluding the ability to accurately determine whether tumor cells are present. We clinically characterized the histological appearance of tumor margins excised with cold scissors, and bipolar and ultrasonic shears.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 40 renal mass excisions performed by a total of 3 urologists at our institution between February 2003 and March 2007. There were 10 bipolar (5 mm LigaSure™), 20 ultrasonic (Harmonic Scalpel®) and 10 cold excisions. All slides were randomly evaluated twice by a single pathologist blinded to surgeon and excision method. Histological interpretation of the margin was scored as clear vs indeterminate. Variables, including margin fragmentation, artifact, extravascular blood clot, parenchymal hemorrhage, capillary cong...
On inequalities between Hermitian and symmetric forms

Abstract If A and C are n x n Hermitian matrices and if B is an n x n symmetric matrix, we consider inequalities of the following type: x ∗ Ax⩾∣x T Bx∣ or x ∗ Ax⩾∣x ∗ Cx∣ for all complex n-vectors x. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these inequalities to hold are derived, and it is shown that the set of pairs of such matrices is a convex cone which is closed under composition by the Schur product. Infinite divisibility, which is a continuous analog of Schur composition, is studied. Related results involving the domination of a bilinear form by pairs of quadratic forms are given. The origin of these ideas in complex function theory is discussed, as are applications to probability theory and harmonic analysis.
Communicating Breast Cancer On-Line: Support and Empowerment on the Internet

Using participant-observation and discourse analysis, this study explores the communication occurring on the Breast Cancer List, an on-line discussion group which continues to grow in membership and activity. Issues discussed include the evolution of the List, who participates, what topics are discussed. Three major dimensions are identified: exchange of information, social support, and personal empowerment. Social support via computer is compared with face-to-face groups. Empowerment centers on enhanced decision-making and preparation for new illness-related experiences. The influence of gender is considered in terms of communicative style and limitations of access. It is concluded that the List fulfills the functions of a community, with future concerns about information control and the potential to enhance patient-provider understanding.
Click Fraud: Google v. Auctions Expert International

Abstract There is no such thing as a free lunch. According to the Columbia World of Quotations, 1 the root of this quotation is as follows: An axiom from economics popular in the 1960s, the words have no known source, though have been dated to the 1840s, when they were used in saloons where snacks were offered to customers. Ascribed to an Italian immigrant outside Grand Central Station, New York, in Alistair Cooke's America (epilogue, 1973), the expression appears in Robert A. Heinlein's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, ch. 11 (1966), but has become most closely associated with economist Milton Friedman, who made it the title of a book in 1975.
Manufacturing Complexity Analysis

The analysis of the complexity of a typical system is presented. Starting with the subsystems of an example system, the step-by-step procedure for analysis of the complexity of an overall system is given. The learning curves for the various subsystems are determined as well as the concurrent numbers of relevant design parameters. Then trend curves are plotted for the learning curve slopes versus the various design-oriented parameters, e.g. number of parts versus slope of learning curve, or number of fasteners versus slope of learning curve, etc. Representative cuts are taken from each trend curve, and a figure-of-merit analysis is made for each of the subsystems. Based on these values, a characteristic curve is plotted which is indicative of the complexity of the particular subsystem. Each such characteristic curve is based on a universe of trend curve data taken from data points observed for the subsystem in question. Thus, a characteristic curve is developed for each of the subsystems in the overall system.
Neoplastic transformation of primary tracheal epithelial cell cultures

Primary cultures of rat tracheal epithelial cells were treated with the chemical carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to quantitatively study the early events during neoplastic transformation. Epithelial cells were dissociated from tracheas of specific-pathogen-free Fischer-344 rats and were plated on collagen-coated tissue culture dishes. To determine cytotoxicity, cells were exposed on day 1 to various concentrations of MNNG for 3 h and colony forming efficiency (CFE) was determined on day 7. MNNG at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml did not decrease CFE as compared to the control cultures, whereas 1 microgram/ml reduced the CEF by 75%. For transformation studies, primary cell cultures received single exposures to MNNG (0.1-0.6 microgram/ml) or multiple exposures to 0.1 microgram/ml of MNNG for 3 h between days 1 and 17. In carcinogen-exposed cultures, morphologically altered foci appeared on day 18, recognizable by high cell density. Transformation frequencies between 1 and 8% were observed depending on MNNG concentration. Cultures containing altered foci continued to grow during the third and fourth week when control cultures had ceased to proliferate and exfoliated from the dish. Over 40% of the cultures which received multiple exposures to MNNG acquired cell line status and could be subcultured greater than or equal to 20 times. None of the 30 control cultures became cell lines. Seventy per cent of MNNG-exposed cell lines showed the anchorage independent growth phenotype at passage 20 as judged by growth in agarose. Four of 10 cultures exposed either 6 or 8 times to MNNG formed invasive squamous cell carcinomas at passage 20 upon inoculation into nude mice. Based on these and previous studies, we feel that unrestricted cell replication is an early key event in carcinogen-exposed epithelial cell populations, preceding neoplastic transformation.
Thymectomy and thymic grafts in mouse viral leukemia.

Summary1. Passage leukemia virus A of Gross produced leukemia in 15 of 22 virus-injected intact Z mice, 0 of 17 virus-injected thymectomized, and 2 of 20 virus-injected thymectomized Z mice given one lobe of normal thymus from uninjected donors of the same strain. 2. Thymuses of virus-injected mice removed at thymectomy, when implanted in 19 uninjected thymectomized adult Z mice, produced 2 lymphomas in the grafts. 3. Virus was found by bioassay to persist in tissues of virus-injected thymectomized non-leukemic Z mice sacrificed at 8 to 9 months of age. 4. In similar experiments in AK/Z mice, leukemia occurred in 14 of 15 virus-injected intact mice, 4 of 25 virus-injected thymectomized, and 24 of 44 virus-injected thymectomized AK/Z mice given normal thymus grafts from young AK and Z donors. 5. Bioassays were performed for immunogenetic character of 22 leukemias and tumors arising in thymic grafts on virus-injected thymectomized AK/Z mice. AK, Z and AK/Z recipients were used with the following results: a)...
Resolution of astigmatism after surgical resection of capillary hemangiomas in infants.

Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the affect of early surgical resection of capillary hemangiomas on the induced astigmatism of infants. Design: Cohort study. Participants: Three infants younger than 9 months of age are included. Intervention: Total resection of the astigmatism-inducing hemangiomas was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Refractive change in the eye operated on was measured and the cosmetic results were observed. Results: Preoperative and postoperative cylinder reduction in the three patients were 8 diopters (D) to 0 D, 3 D to 0 D, and 4.5 D to 1 D, respectively. All patients had excellent cosmetic results, and there were no postoperative complications. Conclusions: Surgical resection of adnexal hemangiomas in carefully selected infants can lead to excellent cosmetic results. If the mass-induced pressure on the infant sclera is relieved at a young enough age, anisometropia and resultant amblyopia can be eliminated.
Integration mechanisms in Cedar

The importance of integration in programming environments is well known. Perhaps the easiest way to build an integrated system is to build a closed system; the designers of the system can use whatever ad hoc techniques are available to make the pieces they provide hang together nicely. Many of the integrated editor/compiler/execution environments (like the Cornell Program Synthesizer) fall into this category [Teitelbaum81]. When building an open system, the problem for the designers of the system is not to integrate a fixed collection of tools, but to provide general mechanisms for tool integration. For instance, Unix “pipes” provide an elegant means of integrating new tools by making it easy to make the output of one tool the input of another; also, the simplicity of the Unix file system makes it easy to integrate new devices into the system - the file system conceals the physical peculiarities of the devices instead of making them visible [Kernighan81].
Large-scale stereoselective enzymatic ketone reduction with in situ product removal via polymeric adsorbent resins

Abstract 3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl acetone was stereoselectively reduced to the corresponding S-3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl isopropanol in >95% isolated yield and >99.9% enantiomeric excess (ee). The NAD(P)H-dependent enzymatic activity within living Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was utilized to accomplish this reaction. Since the substrate and product were both toxic to Z. rouxii, polymeric hydrophobic resins were used to both supply substrate to and remove the product from the reaction mixture as it formed. This approach allowed the reaction concentration to be increased from 6 to 40 g l−1. The reaction was scaled-up to a volume of 300 l by utilizing a commercially available agitated filter as a reactor. This reactor design allowed the reaction, product isolation, and resin recycle to be accomplished within a single piece of equipment. The overall reactor productivity was 75 g l−1 day−1.
Transitions from Ferromagnetism to Antiferromagnetism in Iron-Aluminum Alloys. Experimental Results

The magnetic behavior of iron aluminum alloys has been determined for compositions from 0 to 40 atomic percent aluminum in external fields to 12 kilo-oersteds from 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The alloys above 33 atomic percent exhibit antiferromagnetism. Those below 28 atomic percent are ferromagnetic. Between 28 and 33 atomic percent, the behavior is ferromagnetic at room temperature but shows a transition to antiferromagnetism on lowering the temperature. The effect of order on the magnetic properties has also been investigated. Antiferromagnetism is found only in the ordered structures.
Skin biopsy site selection in small animal dermatology with an introduction to histologic pattern-analysis of inflammatory skin lesions.

The skin biopsy is an invaluable diagnostic tool in veterinary dermatology. Biopsy site selection and interpretation of the biopsy report significantly influence the value of this procedure for diagnosing inflammatory skin diseases and are discussed in this article. Skin diseases often present with several different recognizable lesions that change significantly during their evolution. Individual lesions are typically heterogenous—some areas are diagnostic and some are not. Understanding which skin lesions to biopsy, and when and where to sample them, can significantly improve the value of information collected. To increase the information returned to clinicians for a biopsy, veterinary dermatopathologists have adopted the pattern-analysis method of classifying inflammatory skin lesions. This approach is based on recognizing morphologically distinct inflammatory patterns in skin biopsies and their association with particular sets of diseases. A basic knowledge of the pattern-analysis method is essential for maximizing the interpretation of skin biopsy reports.
Missed Opportunities: The Restructuring of Berlin's Airport System and the City's Position in International Airline Networks

Alberts H. C., Bowen, Jr J. T. and Cidell J. L. Missed opportunities: the restructuring of Berlin's airport system and the city's position in international airline networks, Regional Studies. After German reunification, Berlin was expected by many to become one of Europe's foremost world cities, but that has not happened, partly because Berlin remains no more than a secondary hub in the global airline industry. This paper traces the history of airports in Berlin, examines the city's stature in international air transportation networks, and describes the long planning process for the new Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport. Although Berlin's history is unique, it is argued that larger economic and political forces affecting all airports have fostered the city's continued marginalization within the world's air transportation system. Alberts H. C., Bowen, Jr J. T. et Cidell J. L. Des opportunites ratees: la restructuration de l'aeroport de Berlin et la situation de la ville dans les reseaux internationa...
Data envelopment analysis models for identifying and benchmarking the best healthcare processes

We illustrate the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models within process improvement work for identifying and benchmarking the best healthcare systems, in terms of most efficiently producing desirable outcomes from consumed resources. This approach is useful when comparing several systems that use multiple types of inputs (e.g., operating costs, clinicians, staff) to produce multiple outputs (e.g., outcomes, satisfaction, access), such as those commonly found in balanced scorecards and dashboard datasets, and provides the analyst with relative scores and rankings for each system, targets for each measure that would move inefficient systems to the best performance frontier, and a list of other systems to benchmark and emulate in order to improve. Modified DEA models are proposed to address four common issues that frequently arise in such contexts, including rationally constraining the weights given to each measure and handling missing, estimated or proportional data (such as adverse event or mortality rates). These models can be used to compare hospitals, departments, national healthcare systems, and regional or state systems and are useful to help understand how to improve sub-optimal processes and set feasible targets. This approach is illustrated at department, hospital, state, and country levels, with overall results showing very little correlation with less quantitative benchmarking studies.
The Ethical Challenges of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing.

Genetic testing is currently subject to little oversight, despite the significant ethical issues involved. Repeated recommendations for increased regulation of the genetic testing market have led to little progress in the policy arena. A 2005 Internet search identified 13 websites offering health-related genetic testing for direct purchase by the consumer. Further examination of these sites showed that overall, biotech companies are not providing enough information for consumers to make well-informed decisions; they are not consistently offering genetic counseling services; and some sites even offer tests with little evidence of clinical value. This article aims to raise company and consumer awareness about the ethical concerns surrounding the direct-to-consumer marketing of health-related genetic tests. It also suggests ways that biotech companies can bring their services to the public in an ethically responsible manner, without increased regulatory oversight.
Effects of inhibiting neonatal methamphetamine‐induced corticosterone release in rats by adrenal autotransplantation on later learning, memory, and plasma corticosterone levels

Rationale Neonatal rat methamphetamine (MA) exposure has been shown to cause long-term behavioral impairments similar to some of those observed following neonatal stress. The mechanism by which MA induces impairments is unknown but may be related to early increases in corticosterone release. We previously developed a method to attenuate MA-induced corticosterone release using adrenal autotransplantation (ADXA) in neonatal rats. This exposure period corresponds to the second-half of human pregnancy.
A Plasma Microwave Barrier That Opens in Microseconds

Summary form only given. Plasma barriers are used to protect sensitive microwave apparatus from potentially damaging electronic warfare signals. Unfortunately, the characteristic decay time of the plasma after power turn-of is typically many milliseconds, so the opening time of such a barrier generally is predicted also to be many milliseconds. However, we have found both experimentally and theoretically that we can open such a barrier on a time scale of microseconds. We do this by increasing the plasma density rather than waiting for it to decay. We have two layers of plasma. We produce a standing wave between the two layers that results in microwave transmission, analogous to the transmission found in an optical Fabry-Perot Resonator. The secret lies in the boundary layer behavior of the plasma. Once microwave cutoff occurs, one would expect the plasma behavior to be static. What actually occurs is that at microwave cut-off, the reflection is in phase with the incident wave, in analogy to an open coaxial line. (The electron and displacement currents are equal, but out-of-phase.) As the plasma density further increases, the reflection smoothly changes from in-phase to 180 degrees out-of-phase, in analogy to a shorted coaxial line. (The electron current is much greater than the displacement current.).
"Please listen, it's my turn": instructional approaches, curricula and contexts for supporting communication and increasing access to inclusion.

AbstractBackground Four elementary (primary) school students with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI) who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) aids were selected to take part in an intensive, 4‐week summer intervention program. The program was designed to explore effective approaches, content and contexts for supporting communication (including oral language, literacy, and technology skills) among young people who require AAC.Method Features of the intervention included (i) using an integrated approach to provide language and literacy opportunities intended to elicit the students' active involvement in meaningful, productive and expressive tasks in everyday contexts; (ii) constant modelling of AAC usage; (iii) requiring family involvement as a criterion for participation in the program; and (iv) follow‐up visits to schools during which effective instructional strategies were shared with staff.Results Formative and summative assessment measures revealed that all four participants...
Behavioral and neurochemical changes in folate-deficient mice

Weanling mice were fed an amino acid-based diet supplemented with 0 or 11.3 mumol folic acid/kg diet for approximately 38 days to study behavior and neurochemistry in folate deficiency. After approximately 5 wk, mice fed the unsupplemented diet weighted approximately 70% as much those fed the supplemented diet. After 2 wk, mice fed the unsupplemented diet consistently discarded (spilled) more food, and after approximately 5 wk, they had spilled 3 times more than mice fed the supplemented diet. Serum folate, brain folate and brain S-adenosylmethionine of mice fed the unsupplemented diet were 4, 53, and 60% as high, respectively, as those of mice fed the supplemented diet. Pathologic changes were not evident in brain, spinal cord, or skeletal muscle of folate-deficient mice. The hypothalamic 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid/serotonin ratio and caudate dopamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations were lower in deficient than control mice. Folate-deficient mice develop a behavioral activity, food spilling, which may have a neurochemical basis in the serotonin and dopamine systems.
The Indian Policy of Jujuy Province, 1835-1853*

The changing status of the Indian population in postindependence Spanish America has been a major theme of historical research and writing, with primary emphasis for obvious reasons on the cases of Mexico and Peru. Bolivia and Guatemala have received a secondary share of attention, but other countries have been relatively ignored. Certainly the case of Argentina is seldom cited save in connection with the ebb and flow of the frontier between Creole settlements and semiautonomous native peoples of the Pampa and Patagonia. The latter story, of course, has more in common with that of westward expansion in the United States than with the situation of settled Indian communities in Mexico or the central Andes. But there are some exceptions even in Argentina, involving native communities more akin to those of Cuzco or Chiapas than to the original inhabitants of Kansas and Wyoming or of the Argentine Pampa.
Notional-Functional Syllabi and Criterion-Referenced Tests: The Missing Link.

Abstract Jones (1977) and Morrow (1979) have both suggested that testing techniques and procedures in ESL/EFL need to catch up with the new movements in syllabus design and teaching methodology. Recently, some advances in this area have been made, and examples of integrative/pragmatic/communicative tests are appearing in the literature. Language needs assessment/analysis models have assisted in this process by offering procedures and parameters for establishing performance objectives. This paper identifies some of the forces that have influenced the changing nature of ESL/EFL testing and suggests that criterion-referenced tests may provide an alternative to test construction and scoring procedures for the new communicative tests of ESL/EFL.
Interaction between myosin and its substrates.

Abstract Low concentrations of p -chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), Zn ++ , or Cd ++ increase the ATPase and CTPase activities of myosin B but inhibit ITPase and GTPase activities. Higher concentrations of these modifiers inhibit the activities of all the nucleoside triphosphates (NTP). Dialysis against cysteine ethyl ester (CEE) increases the ATPase and CTPase activities of myosin but decreases the ITPase and GTPase activities. The temperature dependence of the maximum velocities of hydrolysis and of the Michaelis-Menten constants also differentiate between ATP-CTP and ITP-GTP. ATP and CTP confer considerable protection against thermal denaturation of myosin, while ITP and GTP confer only a small protection. The shape of the PCMB vs. NTPase activity curve is invariant to the substitution of Mg ++ for Ca ++ in the presence of 0.3 M KCl or to the substitution of Na + , Li + , or NH 4 + for K + in the presence of Ca ++ . PCMB inactivates myosin at 37 ° at a rate which is highly sensitive to the PCMB concentration. The inactivated myosin can be restored to activity by dialysis against CEE. These and other observations are interpreted in terms of a conformation change at the active site of myosin.
Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction with Regime Switching Models:

Accurate short-term prediction of traffic parameters is a critical component for many intelligent transportation system applications. Traffic flow is subject to abrupt disturbances because of various unexpected events (e.g., accidents, weather-induced disruption) that may change the underlying dynamics and the stability of the data generation process. Short-term prediction models that do not account for these changes produce biased and less accurate predictions. This paper proposes a new adaptive approach to short-term prediction that explicitly accounts for occasional regime changes by using statistical change-point detection algorithms. In this context, the expectation maximization and the CUSUM (cumulative sum) algorithms are implemented to detect shifts in the mean level of the process in real time. Autoregressive integrated moving average models are used for developing the forecasting models while the process mean is monitored by the two detection algorithms. The intercept of the forecasting models is updated on the basis of the detected shifts in the mean level to adapt to any potential new regimes. The proposed approach is tested on real-world loop data sets. The results show significant improvements in prediction accuracy compared with traditional autoregressive integrated moving average models with fixed parameters.