cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial monitoring of exocytosis with native fluorescence imaging microscopy.

Abstract Exocytosis of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) was monitored temporally and spatially using native fluorescence imaging microscopy with 305-nm laser excitation. Real time chemical images of the relative amounts of serotonin and protein released from each cell are obtained. Individual cells released different amounts of material and the time delay of the release event after stimulation by polymyxin varied from cell to cell. Release consisted of a main burst of activity followed by slow sustained secretion over many seconds. The images show that different regions of a given cell behave asynchronously in releasing material into the surrounding medium. On rare occasions, highly localized fluorescence bursts can be seen in the vicinity of the cell. Presumably, these are due to delayed release of fluorescent mediators from single granules, following detachment of the latter from the cell. These quantitative fluorescence measurements allow one to follow the time-course of the physiologically important parameter—-the amount of material that is secreted into the body fluid on stimulation.
The Japanese Colonial State and the Dissolution of the Late Imperial Frontier Economy in Taiwan, 1886–1909

In the first few days of July 1902, camphor workers in the mountains around the town of Nanzhuang (Nansh?) abandoned their stills and joined a growing exodus of settlers and townspeople who, fearing rumors of an impending indigene attack, had packed up their belongings and were fleeing the town. Japanese colonial officials on the spot requested a dispatch of troops from the Xinzhu garrison to restore order and project the state's authority in this thriving center of camphor production on the edge of Japan's colonial empire (1895-1945). The company arrived on July 6, just in time to thwart a direct strike on the town. The so-called savage insurgents?in reality a motley crew of over eight hundred disgruntled frontiersmen, displaced camphor workers, and indigenes led by the Hakka settler-cum-indigene chief Ri Aguai? nevertheless surrounded and destroyed several frontier guard stations and camphor stills in the mountains. Faced with a disturbance reaching critical proportions and threatening to spill into neighboring mountain districts and paralyze the thriving camphor industry, colonial officials called for more reinforcements. Three days later, the army deployed Xinzhu's second infantry company and first artillery platoon to the scene for action.
Complementation of an Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora protease mutant with a protease-encoding cosmid

We report the complementation of a genetic lesion in the genome of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc), a pathogenic bacterium that incites soft rot of plants. A Sau3AI genomic library of Ecc was constructed using the conjugal cosmid pLAFR-3 as a vector. Sixteen cosmid clones encoding various plant tissue-degrading enzymes were identified, including a proteolytic clone, five cellulolytic clones, and ten pectolytic clones. We detected a mutant of Ecc with no proteolytic activity following transposon mutagenesis with an unstable Tn5-carrying plasmid. Conjugal transfer of the protease-encoding cosmid to this mutant restored near-wildtype extracellular protease production. Further manipulation and study of genes encoding pathogenic determinants in Ecc will be possible using this system.
Establishing a PNP faculty practice clinic for Medicaid EPSDT screening.

Abstract Faculty practice added a new dimension to teaching clinical skills in a Pediatric Advanced Practice Nursing program. It offered the student immediate feedback concerning didactic knowledge and clinical skills and added consistency to learning obtained in the classroom setting. Inclusion of the Medicaid EPSDT program further enhanced student learning by offering a framework of comprehensive services that the student could offer to the patient in providing holistic well-child care. Research opportunities for faculty and students are also prevalent with the large quantity of data available from administration of the EPSDT program. In addition, many children from indigent settings who would not otherwise receive routine well-child care have been given the opportunity because of this program. The use of a faculty practice model that provides the Medicaid EPSDT screening seems to meet the well-child needs of faculty, students, and patients alike and provides an education/service model congruent with the preventative goals of health care reform today.
Expansion method for stationary states of quantum billiards

A simple expansion method for numerically calculating the energy levels and the corresponding wave functions of a quantum particle in a two-dimensional infinite potential well with arbitrary shape (quantum billiard) is presented. The method permits the study of quantum billiards in an introductory quantum mechanics course. According to the method, wave functions inside the billiard are expressed in terms of an expansion of a complete set of orthonormal functions defined in a surrounding rectangle for which the Dirichlet boundary conditions apply, while approximating the billiard boundary by a potential energy step of a sufficiently large size. Numerical implementations of the method are described and applied to determine the energies and wave functions for quarter-circle, circle, and triangle billiards. Finally, the expansion method is applied to investigate the quantum signatures of chaos in a classically chaotic generic-triangle billiard.
Ideal‐Real Semiconducting Glass and Low‐High Conductivity Transition

Potential perturbations caused by about 1020 cm-3 of charged defects are characteristic for real glasses and cause a marked reduction of the mobility near the mobility edge as compared to ideal glasses. The conduction mechanism in real glasses is suggested to be carrier drift at a conductivity edge over barriers provided by Coulomb-repulsive defects. Evidence is given by analysis of numerous optical and electrical properties that the carrier mobility is of the order of 102 cm2/Vs in spite of a Hall mobility which is at least three orders of magnitude smaller. A simple change of the conduction mechanism, as the barriers are rendered ineffective at elevated temperatures, during the switching transition is suggested for explanation of the Ovshinsky effect. Potentialverbiegungen, die durch etwa 1020 cm-3 geladene Storstellen hervorgerufen werden, sind charakteristisch fur ein Realglas und verursachen eine betrachtliche Verminderung der Beweglichkeit an der Beweglichkeitskante, verglichen mit einem Idealglas. Es wird vorgeschlagen, das der Leitungsmechanismus durch Stromtragerdrift an der Leitfahigkeitskante erklart wird, die uber Barrieren hinweg funktioniert, welche durch Coulombrepulsive Zentren erzeugt werden. Durch die Analyse zahlreicher optischer und elektrischer Eigenschaften werden Hinweise dafur gegeben, das die Stromtragerbeweglichkeit von der Grosenordnung 102 cm2/Vs ist, obwohl die Hallbeweglichkeit mehr als drei Grosenordnungen kleiner ist. Ein einfacher Wechsel im Leitungsmechanismus durch Unwirksamwerden der Barrieren bei hoheren Temperaturen wahrend des Schaltvorganges wird zur Erklarung des Ovshinsky-Effektes vorgeschlagen.
Cytoskeletal specializations at the rod photoreceptor distal tip

We have examined microtubules and microtubule-like elements within the toad rod photoreceptor outer segment in order to define regional specializations of the photoreceptor cytoskeleton. "Ciliary" microtubules were localized within the rod outer segment (ROS) by using thin section electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and rapid-freeze deep-etch microscopy. All three methods showed that ciliary microtubules stop short of the extreme ROS distal tip, although abundant microtubule-like structures distinct from the ciliary microtubules were found within the distal 10-15 microns of the ROS tip. These heretofore undescribed "distal ROS tubules" are clustered at the clefts or incisures of the disk membrane stack and resemble microtubules in overall size and shape, although they are not closely related antigenically to tubulin. The distal ROS tubules are more abundant in green rods than red rods and vary in number during the daily light/dark cycle. Quantitation of these tubules at two time points during the light/dark cycle suggests that there are three- to fourfold more tubules in the ROS tip one hour after light onset than one hour before light onset. Retinas prevented from normal disk membrane shedding by separation of the retina from the adjacent pigment epithelium, failed to develop increased numbers of tubules after light onset. This suggests that the newly described distal ROS tubules may modulate or be modulated by light-induced interactions between the photoreceptors and pigment epithelium, such as those that occur during the disk shedding phase of membrane turnover.
Electrophoresis of the nucleic acids

A zone electrophoresis apparatus using ultraviolet, optics has been constructed to study nucleic acids at concentration less than 0.004%. Native DNA has a mobility about 15% higher than denatured DNA over a range of conditions of pH and ionic strength. DNA's from different sources have closely similar mobilities. A study of a molecular weight series of DNA indicates that the mobility is constant in the molecular weight range of 2.5 × 105 to 1.3 × 108. DNA mobilities change in the expected way with pH but the fractional change in mobility is less than the change in charge calculated by titration curves. A small decrease in mobility accompanies an increase in ionic strength. RNA's from various sources have mobilities slightly lower than denatured DNA except for s-RNA which travels slightly faster.
Electrophysiological effects of ultraviolet radiation on single nerve fibers.

Abstract Single, isolated, giant nerve fibers of the earthworm were exposed to ultraviolet radiation; electrophysiological responses were recorded before and during irradiation. Conduction velocity, spike amplitude, and rate of spike rise were determined from photographic records of oscillographic traces. Sensitivity to electrical stimulation, defined as the reciprocal of the voltage required for threshold response, was also determined before and during irradiation. A twofold effect of ultraviolet irradiation was observed: an enhancement of activity, rarely noted in biological systems, followed by a destruction of activity, the effect commonly noted. In response to electrical stimulation during ultraviolet irradiation, the nerve fibers showed a considerable increase in sensitivity and in spike amplitude, paralleled by an increase in rate of spike rise. Conduction velocity showed an initial small increase, due to irradiation, but declined while the other factors continued to rise. The enhancement of activity was shown to be due not to a synergistic action of ultraviolet radiation but rather to a change in the nerve fiber itself which was irreversible upon cessation of irradiation.
Do biologically produced aerosols really modulate climate

Environmental context. In 1983, the author proposed that global climate might be regulated with a machine that uses natural sulfur as its fuel. This climate regulation machine might operate several ways; one is by scattering light back to space from a haze that forms as a consequence of microscopic plant and animal life in the oceans. The idea has evolved, and continues to be pursued as a paradigm.
A view into the catalytic pocket of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are widely expressed enzymes that function as critical components of cell signaling pathways. In a new study, key interactions in the catalytic pocket essential for substrate selectivity have been identified for these enzymes, thus introducing novel perspectives for drug design.
Glutathione Protection against Irreversible Binding of Diethyistilbestrol in the Hamster Renal Cortex

Hamster renal cortical slices bioactivated the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to reactive metabolites that bound irreversibly to cellular proteins. Incubation of the slices for 30 min at 37°C with 5 mm diethyl maleate prior to the addition of 50 nm [3H]DES for 60 min increased the nonextractable binding of [3H]DES metabolites to cellular protein by 150%, whereas addition of 5 mm glutathione (GSH) decreased the irreversible binding of [3H]DES by 17%. The addition of the 5 mm GSH to the incubation medium caused a 24% increase in tissue nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) content as estimated by reaction with Ellman's reagent after 30 min at 37°C, while the addition of diethyl maleate for the same time period depleted tissue NP-SH levels by 54%. Kidneys from hamsters treated with the GSH synthesis inhibitor l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine at a dosage of 1 mmol/kg body wt for 2 hr had 45% of the NP-SH content as compared with kidneys of saline-treated controls. The irreversible binding of [3H]DES metabolites was increased by 60% in renal cortical slices from l-buthionine sulfoximine-treated hamsters. Non-extractable binding of [3H]DES metabolites to renal DNA was not observed. These results suggest that GSH, the predominate NP-SH in the cell, protects against the irreversible binding of DES metabolites to cellular macromolecules.
Angled views in the evaluation of the right coronary artery.

The use of cranial and caudal angulated views in the angiographic evaluation of the right coronary artery (RCA) was assessed in 61 patients. Each patient had a standard LAO and RAO view, followed by one or more angled views. The standard LAO view showed the area about the origin of the posterior descending artery (PD0) adequately in 33 of 46 patients (72% ), and the mid and distal portions of the posterior descending artery (PDm&d) adequately in 26/46 (56% ). The standard RAO view showed the PD0 adequately in only 17/46 (37% ) and the PDm&d adequately in 41/46 (89% ). With the LAO cranial view, however, the PD0 was seen well in 45/46 (98% ), and PDm&d was seen well in 44/46 (96% ). The RAO angled views, although of more limited utility, also afforded improved visualization of the distal segments of the RCA. We recommend the use of angled views in the evaluation of the right coronary artery, as these views, particularly the LAO cranial view, afford improved visualization of the distal segments of the RCA.
Barnard on authority and zone of indifference: Toward perspectives on the decline of managerialism

In the context of the ongoing decline of managerialism which has stood as a dominant ideology for the past half-century and more, this essay proposes a critical analysis of two major concepts in Barnard's The Functions of the Executive-authority and the related notion of a zone of indifference. This acknowledges Barnard's central role in the ideology of managerialism, and seeks to assess how selected aspects of his argument may now contribute to the ongoing decline of that ideology, as they once gave it strength. A case is made to that effect. Internal inconsistencies and exuberances in Barnard's argument are related to four possible influencing factors. These encourage viewing Barnard's argument as oriented toward the status quo ante, and as a kind of lawyer's brief in a very difficult case--where persuasiveness seeks to avoid the worst outcomes, in an adversarial setting, unconstrained by responsibility for balance or for pointing-up internal weaknesses in one's argument. Barnard always had a good press...
Gesture On: Enabling Always-On Touch Gestures for Fast Mobile Access from the Device Standby Mode

A significant percentage of mobile interaction involves short-period usages that originate from the standby mode-users wake up a device by pressing the power button, unlock the device by authenticating themselves, and then search for a target app or functionality on the device. These additional steps preceding a target task imposes significant overhead on users for each mobile device access. To address the issue, we developed Gesture On, a system that enables gesture shortcuts in the standby mode by which a user can draw a gesture on the touchscreen before the screen is turned on. Based on the gesture, our system directly brings up a target item onto the screen that bypasses all these additional steps in a mobile access. This paper examines several challenges in realizing Gesture On, including robustly rejecting accidental touches when the device is in standby, battery consumption incurred for continuous sensing and gesture-based user authentication methods for automatically device unlocking. Our analyses based on a set of user data indicated that Gesture On demonstrates a feasible approach for leveraging the standby mode for fast access to mobile content.
Linear Dummy Loads

The need for linear dummy loads is established. It is indicated that nonlinear dummy loads generate predominantly oddorder harmnonics. A theoretical analysis is presented which demonstrates that an ?infinite? coaxial cable with an infinite load (open circuit)at the output has an input impedance equivalent to the cable's characteristic impedance Z0. An equation is derived relating the voltage standing-wave ratio S, cable length h, and the cable attenuation constant ?. The linearity of a cable load is compared with the linearity of ?typical? commercially available loads and the commercial loads tested are found to generate 20 to 80 dB more third harmonic. Cable selection guidelines for a linear coaxial cable load are presented.
Changes in Religious Group Affiliation During Older Adulthood: Evidence from an 11-year Longitudinal Study

Although older adults tend to be among the most religiously-involved groups of people, and are more likely to be affiliated with a religious group in comparison with their younger counterparts, very little is known about the extent to which older adults change their affiliations from one group to another, or what factors are associated with likelihood of changing religion during this part of the life span. This study uses longitudinal data covering a period of between 3 and 12 years from a survey of religion and health in older adults to describe changes in reported religious group affiliation and to examine the demographic and religious factors that predict these changes. The extent of change observed depended on how religious affiliation was coded. 69 % of older adults changed some element of their response regarding religious affiliation during the course of the study, but once responses were classified more broadly by religious tradition, the proportion changing was 27 %. There were also significant changes between Protestant denominations, and between specific organizations within Protestant denominations. Catholics and members of historically Black Protestant groups were less likely to change affiliations than Mainline Protestants or Conservative Protestants. Greater frequency of religious service attendance was related to lower likelihood of changing religious affiliation. Results indicate that religious affiliation change continues to occur in a significant proportion of individuals during the span of older adulthood, and that many of those who change tend to do so repeatedly.
A direct, plasmin-independent assay for plasminogen activator.

Abstract A direct assay for plasminogen activator (PA) was developed. It employed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-mercaptoethanol to monitor PA-mediated conversion of single chain, 125I-plasminogen to two chain plasmin. By incorporating Triton X-100, albumin and trasylol in the reaction buffer, we were able to minimize the adsorptive and autolytic loss of reactants frequently associated with similar approaches. Under these conditions, plasmin formation was linear for at least 24 hours, dose-dependent over a 20-fold range of urokinase concentrations, and at least 100-fold more sensitive (0.05 units/ml) than previously reported direct assays for PA. The versatility of the assay was demonstrated by its ability to distinguish between urokinase-like and tissue-type PA, and to quantitate the effects of agents like fibrin and e-amino caproic acid on their respective activities. The assay was readily adapted to detect inhibitors of PA in various samples, and was employed to demonstrate the presence of such inhibitors in both rabbit and bovine endothelial cells. Interestingly, the rabbit inhibitor was found to block the activity of urokinase but not that of tissue-type PA, while the bovine inhibitor neutralized the activities of both molecules. These results demonstrate that cleavage of 125I-plasminogen can be employed as a direct, sensitive and quantitative assay for various PAs, and thus offers a new approach for studying plasminogen activation and agents that stimulate or inhibit it.
Analysis of Circular Buffer Rate Matching for LTE Turbo Code

This paper discusses circular buffer rate matching (CBRM) algorithms for the turbo code in the long term evolution (LTE) of the WCDMA-based air interface. To enhance performance at high code rates, systematic bit puncturing is incorporated in conjunction with the CBRM. The RM algorithm is further optimized based on the algebraic properties of the QPP interleavers and the 8-state recursive systematic convolutional code of the LTE turbo code.
Enzyme Immunoassay to Determine Heavy Metals Using Antibodies to Specific Metal-EDTA Complexes: Optimization and Validation of an Immunoassay for Soluble Indium

An immunoassay that measures soluble indium at concentrations from 0.005 ppb to 320 ppm is described. The assay utilized a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to indium-EDTA complexes in an antigen-inhibition format. The sensitivity of the assay could be modulated by changing the nature of the soluble inhibiting antigen. The range of the assay was from 0.6 to 320 ppm, 0.1 to 120 ppm, or 0.005 to 2000 ppb when indium-EDTA, indium-(p-nitrobenzyl)-EDTA, or indium-EDTA-bovine serum albumin, respectively was used as the soluble inhibiting antigen. The assay reliably monitored indium concentration in the presence of a 100-fold excess of manganese, magnesium, or copper ions and the quantitation of indium by immunoassay correlated closely with the values obtained using atomic absorption spectroscopy. This technology could be employed in immunoassays for other metals that are priority pollutants.
The Mismatch Effect: When Testosterone and Status Are at Odds

Why do some people strive for high status, whereas others actively avoid it? In the present studies, the authors examined the psychological and physiological consequences of a mismatch between baseline testosterone and a person's current level of status. The authors tested this mismatch effect by placing high and low testosterone individuals into high or low status positions using a rigged competition. In Study 1, low testosterone participants reported greater emotional arousal, focused more on their status, and showed worse cognitive functioning in a high status position. High testosterone participants showed this pattern in a low status position. In Study 2, the emotional arousal findings were replicated with heart rate, and the cognitive findings were replicated using a math test. In Study 3, the authors demonstrate that testosterone is a better predictor of behavior than self-report measures of the need for dominance. Discussion focuses on the value of measuring hormones in personality and social psychology.
Microarray Hybridization for Assessment of the Genetic Stability of Chimeric West Nile/Dengue 4 Virus

Genetic stability is an important characteristic of live viral vaccines because an accumulation of mutants can cause reversion to a virulent phenotype as well as a loss of immunogenic properties. This study was aimed at evaluating the genetic stability of a live attenuated West Nile (WN) virus vaccine candidate that was generated by replacing the pre-membrane and envelope protein genes of dengue 4 virus with those from WN. Chimeric virus was serially propagated in Vero, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and HeLa cells and screened for point mutations using hybridization with microarrays of overlapping oligonucleotide probes covering the entire genome. The analysis revealed several spontaneous mutations that led to amino acid changes, most of which were located in the envelope (E) and non-structural NS4A, NS4B, and NS5 proteins. Viruses passaged in Vero and SH-SY5Y cells shared two common mutations: G2337C (Met457Ile) in the E gene and A6751G (Lys125Arg) in the NS4A gene. Quantitative assessment of the contents of these mutants in viral stocks indicated that they accumulated independently with different kinetics during propagation in cell cultures. Mutant viruses grew better in Vero cells compared to the parental virus, suggesting that they have a higher fitness. When tested in newborn mice, the cell culture-passaged viruses did not exhibit increased neurovirulence. The approach described in this article could be useful for monitoring the molecular consistency and quality control of vaccine strains. J. Med. Virol. 83:910–920, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Binocular contrast interactions in two-frame motion discrimination

Previous studies have shown that two-frame motion detection thresholds are elevated if one frame’s contrast is raised, despite the increase in average contrast—the “contrast paradox.” In this study, we investigated if such contrast interactions occurred at a monocular or binocular site of visual processing. Two-frame motion direction discrimination thresholds were measured for motion frames that were presented binocularly, dichoptically or interocularly. Thresholds for each presentation condition were measured for motion frames that comprised either matched or unmatched contrasts. The results showed that contrast mechanisms producing the contrast paradox combine contrast signals from both eyes prior to motion computation. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the existence of monocular and binocular contrast gain control mechanisms that coexist either as combined or independent systems.
Melnikov’s method and Arnold diffusion for perturbations of integrable Hamiltonian systems

We start with an unperturbed system containing a homoclinic orbit and at least two families of periodic orbits associated with action angle coordinates. We use Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theory to show that some of the resulting tori persist under small perturbations and use a vector of Melnikov integrals to show that, under suitable hypotheses, their stable and unstable manifolds intersect transversely. This transverse intersection is ultimately responsible for Arnold diffusion on each energy surface. The method is applied to a pendulum–oscillator system.
A deficit of intermediate vision: Experimental observations and theoretical implications

Abstract The nervous system constructs visual representations hierarchically. Elementary features are extracted from the visual scene and grouped to form candidate objects, which may then be selected for attentional scrutiny. We wished to learn if intermediate vision (pre-attentive and effortiess grouping processes) can be damaged selectively and, if so, what the consequences of such damage might be. We present a patient with slgnificant visual disabilities following a traumatic brain injury. Her early vision was preserved. However, she had a deficit of intermediate vision as evidenced by an inability to: (i) link visual attributes into perceptual wholes effortlessly, (ii) search for visual targets pre-attentively and (iii) accurately perceive illusory contours. By contrast, she could deploy attention both panoramically and selectively. She also recognized real objects and described pictures. We conclude that intermediate vision can be damaged selectively. Attention can be deployed on a visual scene which...
Implementation of real-time constrained linear discriminant analysis to remote sensing image classification

In this paper, we investigate the practical implementation issues of the real-time constrained linear discriminant analysis (CLDA) approach for remotely sensed image classification. Specifically, two issues are to be resolved: (1) what is the best implementation scheme that yields lowest chip design complexity with comparable classification performance, and (2) how to extend CLDA algorithm for multispectral image classification. Two limitations about data dimensionality have to be relaxed. One is in real-time hyperspectral image classification, where the number of linearly independent pixels received for classification must be larger than the data dimensionality (i.e., the number of spectral bands) in order to generate a non-singular sample correlation matrix R for the classifier, and relaxing this limitation can help to resolve the aforementioned first issue. The other is in multispectral image classification, where the number of classes to be classified cannot be greater than the data dimensionality, and relaxing this limitation can help to resolve the aforementioned second issue. The former can be solved by introducing a pseudo inverse initiate of sample correlation matrix for R^-^1 adaptation, and the latter is taken care of by expanding the data dimensionality via the operation of band multiplication. Experiments on classification performance using these modifications are conducted to demonstrate their feasibility. All these investigations lead to a detailed ASIC chip design scheme for the real-time CLDA algorithm suitable to both hyperspectral and multispectral images. The proposed techniques to resolving these two dimensionality limitations are instructive to the real-time implementation of several popular detection and classification approaches in remote sensing image exploitation.
Intraocular Lens Complications Requiring Removal or Exchange

Abstract Intraocular lens (IOL)-related complications are caused primarily by mechanical trauma, inflammatory or infectious complications, or optical problems. Complications may occur at the time of surgery or be the result of an ongoing postoperative process. Mechanical and inflammatory injury may produce corneal decompensation, cystoid macular edema, hyphema, uveitis, and glaucoma, causing reduced vision and in some cases chronic pain. Optical problems may be due to a wrong power of the IOL or to postoperative decentration or dislocation of the lens. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the indications for IOL removal or exchange in those patients who have ongoing IOL-induced injury or impairment. Removal or exchange of an IOL frequently involves a complex decision-making process and is often associated with immense technical challenge. Various medical and surgical treatments may be tried to correct IOL problems before the decision is made to remove or exchange the lens. ( Surv Ophthalmol 42 :417–440, 1998.
Renormalization-Group Study of One-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Systems

We report a new approach to the study of electron spectral clustering and wave-function scaling in several one-dimensional quasiperiodic systems. The approach is based on renormalization-group ideas. We introduce a novel decimation technique which generates a simple physical picture of the electron spectral behavior and the nature of the wave functions. Our renormalization-group scheme is verified by the numerical computation of the probability density summed over the states belonging to the clusters and subclusters of the spectrum.
Semiclassical analysis of low lying eigenvalues. IV. The flea on the elephant

Abstract The two lowest eigenvalues E 0 ( λ ), E 1 ( λ ) of a symmetric double well tunnelling problem − Δ + λ 2 V as λ → ∞ are considered and they are compared to the two lowest eigenvalues E 0 (λ), E 1 (λ) of −Δ + λ 2 (V + W), where W is supported away from the well-bottoms of V . We determine the leading exponential splitting of various differences of the four numbers E 0 , E 1 , E 0 , E 1 . Related problems are discussed.
Folding of VSV G protein: sequential interaction with BiP and calnexin

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains molecular chaperones that facilitate the folding of proteins in mammalian cells. Biosynthetic labeling was used to study the interactions of two chaperones, BiP and calnexin, with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G protein). Coimmunoprecipitation of G protein with the chaperones showed that BiP bound maximally to early folding intermediates of G protein, whereas calnexin bound after a short lag to more folded molecules. Castanospermine, an inhibitor of ER glucosidases, blocked the binding of proteins to calnexin and inhibited G protein folding. Interaction with calnexin was necessary for efficient folding of G protein and for retention of partially folded forms.
Solitary facial cutaneous metastasis as the primary presentation of a small renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been well described for its frequency to metastasize. Cutaneous facial lesions as the primary presentation of RCC is, however, extremely rare. We present clinical, radiographic, and histologic images of a 40-year-old man who presented with a cutaneous facial lesion that was diagnosed as metastatic RCC after excisional biopsy. A subsequent computed tomography demonstrated a small mass (3.5 × 2.6 cm) in the midpole of the right kidney. Partial nephrectomy with histologic analysis confirmed RCC, clear cell type.
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes proteomic changes in embryos of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Abstract We performed experiments to determine how environmentally relevant ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affects protein expression during early development in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus . To model the protein-mediated cell cycle response to UV-irradiation, six batches of embryos were exposed to UVR, monitored for both delays in the first mitotic division and changes in the proteome at two specific developmental time points. Embryos were exposed to or protected from artificial UVR (11.5 W/m 2 ) for 25 or 60 min. These levels of UVR are within the range we have measured in coastal waters between 0.5 and 2 m. Embryos treated with UVR for 60 min cleaved an average of 23.2 min (± 1.92 s.e.m.) after UV-protected embryos. Differential protein spot migration between UV-protected and UV-treated embryos was examined at 30 and 90 min post-fertilization using two-dimensional SDS-PAGE (2D GE). A total of 1306 protein spots were detected in all gels, including differences in 171 protein spots (13% of the detected proteome) in UV-treated embryos at 30 min post-fertilization and 187 spots (14%) at 90 min post-fertilization (2-way ANOVA, P = 0.03, n = 6). The majority of the proteins affected by UVR were subsequently identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–TOF MS). Our results indicate UVR affects proteins from multiple cellular pathways and indicate that the mechanisms involved in UV-stress and UV-induced developmental delay in sea urchin embryos are integrated among multiple pathways for cellular stress, protein turnover and translation, signal transduction, cytoskeletal dynamics, and general metabolism.
On the parametric linear complementarity problem: A generalized solution procedure

This paper presents a solution procedure for the parametric linear complementarity problemIw−Mz=q+sp,w T z=0,w≥0, andz≥0, whereM is a positive semidefinite matrix or aP-matrix. This procedure is different from existing ones in the way it handles initialization. By exploiting special relationships between the vectorsq andp, it can reduce computational effort. Sinceq is an arbitrary vector, the procedure can be used for the ordinary linear complementarity problem. In that case, it produces pivots exactly analogous to those of Lemke's algorithm.
Tips for Teachers of Evidence-based Medicine: Clinical Prediction Rules (CPRs) and Estimating Pretest Probability

Background Clinical prediction rules (CPR) are tools that clinicians can use to predict the most likely diagnosis, prognosis, or response to treatment in a patient based on individual characteristics. CPRs attempt to standardize, simplify, and increase the accuracy of clinicians’ diagnostic and prognostic assessments. The teaching tips series is designed to give teachers advice and materials they can use to attain specific educational objectives.
Handling Missing Values in Longitudinal Panel Data With Multiple Imputation

This article offers an applied review of key issues and methods for the analysis of longitudinal panel data in the presence of missing values. The authors consider the unique challenges associated with attrition (survey dropout), incomplete repeated measures, and unknown observations of time. Using simulated data based on 4 waves of the Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study (n = 2,034), they applied a fixed effect regression model and an event-history analysis with time-varying covariates. They then compared results for analyses with nonimputed missing data and with imputed data both in long and in wide structures. Imputation produced improved estimates in the event-history analysis but only modest improvements in the estimates and standard errors of the fixed effects analysis. Factors responsible for differences in the value of imputation are examined, and recommendations for handling missing values in panel data are presented.
Genetic Analysis of XR-1 Mutation in Hamster and Human Hybrids

We investigated the dominant/recessive nature of the XR-1 mutant locus in intraspecies Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrids and interspecies hybrids with human cell lines that possess different radioresistances. The XR-1 cell is abnormally sensitive to killing by gamma rays in the G1phase of the cell cycle, while late-S-phase cells have wild-type resistance. [3H] Thymidine selection was used to eliminate the resistant S-phase population. In both intraspecies and interspecies hybrids, the XR-1 mutation is recessive to the wild-type cell and is not influenced by differences in chromosome ploidy. Analysis of hybrids between human ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts AT5BI and XR-1 cells revealed that they possess different genetic defects as they complemented each other in three of four hybrids tested. These data suggest that the XR-1 locus is evolutionarily conserved between hamster and human cells.
Procedures for Testing the Difference of Means with Incomplete Data

Abstract Procedures for testing the difference of means are obtained in sampling from a bivariate normal distribution with covariance matrix Σ when some of the observations on one of the variables are missing. A UMP test procedure is obtained when Σ is known. When Σ is not known, exact test procedures may be obtained by discarding partial data. To make use of all available data, approximate test procedures are proposed. These procedures are compared to the exact tests, obtained by discarding partial data, using Monte Carlo methods.
Sphingolipids of the Stratum Corneum and Lamellar Granules of Fetal Rat Epidemis

Sphingolipid profiles have been determined for whole epidermis, a subcellular fraction enriched in lamellar granules, and a fraction enriched with stratum corneum derived from fetal rat skin. In each case, 4 groups of glucosylceramides and 6 groups of ceramides have been identified by thin-layer chromatographic comparison with structurally defined sphingolipids from pig epidermis. The relative amounts of the sphingolipids in each preparation have been quantified by photodensitometry of the charred chromatograms. Lamellar granule sphingolipids had elevated proportions, relative to whole epidermis, of acylceramides, acylglucosylceramides, and a glucosylceramide fraction which may be produced by O-deacylation of the acylglucosylceramides. The fetal stratum corneum-enriched samples contain reduced proportions of all glucosylceramides and acylceramides as compared to lamellar granule lipids. The possible functions of these sphingolipids in the assembly and structure of lamellar granules are discussed.
On the mechanics of fluidized particle movement

Abstract A model based on Bingham-plastic fluid behavior for the particulate phase of a fluidized bed predicts particle trajectories about a rising bubble which are in good agreement with observed particle trajectories. The particulate phase is rigid outside a yield region based on the shape of a slip line around a circular hole in a two-dimensional medium under vertical compression. Within the yield region, it is assumed that the particulate phase is inviscid. Gas cloud sizes calculated from this model are in close agreement with Murray's cloud sizes if raining of the particles initially along the axis of bubble rise is considered.
The definition of anemia: what is the lower limit of normal of the blood hemoglobin concentration?

The diagnosis of anemia is an important aspect of the practice of hematology. The first step is to decide whether the patient is, in fact, anemic. Unless earlier blood counts are available, and they often are not, the physician must make his or her decision on the basis of the population distribution of hemoglobin values. How likely is it that the patient's hemoglobin value lies below the normal distribution; that is, “the lower limit”?
Nutrition of Cosmarium turpinii.

A defined medium for Cosmarium turpinii Breb. was established. The optimal concentrations of major elements (Ca, N, P, S, and Mg) were detemiined, with the calcium level found to be most demanding. Iron, boron, and manganese were found to be essential micronutrient elements. Vitamin B12 is also required, eitber as the planar group of cyanocobalamin alone or with adenine or benziniizole derivatives. Survival of cells during plateau pbase of growth can be extended by tbe addition of eitber 10-3 M urea, isoleucine, or glycine.
Latex yield and quality during storage of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) homogenates

Abstract Extraction and purification of latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) require that harvested shrub first be homogenized in an alkaline aqueous buffer. The stability of the latex was investigated in a variety of homogenates and under different storage conditions. Neither the length of post-harvest storage (up to 5 weeks) nor branch diameter affected the concentration of the latex in homogenates. Latex concentration was not affected by the length of grinding time used to make the homogenate. However, latex concentration declined in acidic pH, and the initial latex concentration in homogenate prepared from defoliated shrub was below 4 mg/ml. This decline was less apparent in homogenates made from leafy shrub, suggesting a protective effect derived from the leaves. Storage at 4 °C prevented latex loss under all treatments. The quality of the rubber polymers in the latex fraction was investigated using size exclusion chromatography/multiangle laser light scattering detection. Polymer molecular weight and molecular radius declined in parallel, but both declined faster in the dilute homogenate generated from the second grind of the guayule bagasse than in the more concentrated homogenate from once-ground shrub. Degradation was greatly slowed in all treatments when the homogenates were stored refrigerated. Polydispersity values were low in all treatments, only slightly increasing over time, with the exception of homogenate generated by the second grind of shrub in the presence of leaves and stored at 24 °C. The relatively rapid polymer degradation of the latex fraction in this homogenate led to an increase in polydispersity followed by a decrease as the latex fraction was degraded to below detection levels. We conclude that guayule homogenate provides a stable environment for latex yield and quality, even at room temperature, for at least 13–16 weeks provided that the pH is basic and the concentration of rubber particles is at least 4 mg/ml. This is in contrast to the extractable latex content of harvested branches, which is prone to rapid coagulation and degradation in situ unless the branches are stored hydrated and refrigerated.
Über die Synthese einiger Antipyrylmethine. I. Asymmetrische Antipyrylmethine

Synthesis of Some Antipyryl Methines. I. Asymmetrical Antipyryl Methines A new series of asymmetrical antipyryl dimethine cyanines 2–7 was synthesized, starting with antipyrine aldehyde 1 and methylcarbenium salts, and the color change of the dyes was investigated as a function of the carbene moiety.
Borylation and Silylation of C–H Bonds: A Platform for Diverse C–H Bond Functionalizations

Methods that functionalize C–H bonds can lead to new approaches for the synthesis of organic molecules, but to achieve this goal, researchers must develop site-selective reactions that override the inherent reactivity of the substrates. Moreover, reactions are needed that occur with high turnover numbers and with high tolerance for functional groups if the C–H bond functionalization is to be applied to the synthesis of medicines or materials. This Account describes the discovery and development of the C–H bond functionalization of aliphatic and aromatic C–H bonds with borane and silane reagents. The fundamental principles that govern the reactivity of intermediates containing metal–boron bonds are emphasized and how an understanding of the effects of the ligands on this reactivity led us to broaden the scope of main group reagents that react under mild conditions to generate synthetically useful organosilanes is described.Complexes containing a covalent bond between a transition metal and a three-coordina...
The structuring of identity among midlife women as a function of their degree of involvement in employment

The place of employment and the diversity of its relations to other roles within the life structure of midlife women were investigated. Three groups were compared: Group I (n = 44) had a continuous low level of involvement in employment from their early 20s to their early 40s; Group II (n = 20) changed from low to high involvement; and Group III (n = 32) maintained a continuous high level of involvement. Retrospective reports regarding subjects' commitment to a number of different roles and feelings during their early 30s and early 40s constituted the data. Findings indicated that: (1) women in Group I had a positive, confident view of their involvement in the traditional roles of mother, wife, and volunteer; (2) women in Group II, initially quite similar to those in Group I, restructured their role commitments by substituting involvement in employment for more traditional pursuits; and (3) women in Group III successfully integrated involvement in the multiple roles of worker, mother, wife, and volunteer. Implications for a more dynamic view of identity, which takes into account significant reorganization of the life structure after adolescence and variability among diverse groups of women, are discussed.
How Green Is your Fuel? Creation and Comparison of Automotive Biofuels

In recent years, biofuel development and use has risen significantly. This undergraduate laboratory experiment educates students on the various alternative fuels that are being developed for automotive applications and the advantages and disadvantages of each. Students replicate commercially available alternative fuels, E85 and biodiesel, as well as create an experimental fuel blend of waste vegetable oil and petroleum products referred to as “VeggieDiesel”. Each fuel is evaluated in the lab for energy content and viscosity. Students use laboratory information as well as literature to assess the production energy requirements and environmental impact for each fuel. In addition, students theoretically model heat of combustion and viscosity and compare the predicted values to the experimental results. On the basis of laboratory results and literature findings, students draw conclusions on which fuel they believe is the best “alternative” and most sustainable. The experiment is easily adaptable for organic, ...