cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
303 LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION OF PERIPHERAL TISSUES TRIGGERS MONOCYTE ENTRY AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BRAINS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED MICE

Purpose Recent data show that the Ly-6Chi monocyte subpopulation transports intracellular Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) into the brains of systemically infected mice. However, it is not clear whether peripheral or CNS infection triggers these monocytes to enter the brain. These experiments sought to establish whether entry of Ly-6Chi monocytes into the brain required bacterial infection of that organ, and determine the extent to which systemic Lm infection altered global gene expression in the brain. Methods C57BL/6 mice were infected i.v. with wild type (WT) Lm, or with ΔactA or Δhly Lm mutants that can (ΔactA) or cannot (Δhly) replicate intracellularly. The mice were euthanized, exsanguinated, and perfused. The brain was removed and analyzed for bacterial infection, monocyte influx, or gene expression. Lm infection was established by quantitative culture. Numbers of Ly-6Chi monocytes were measured by FACS analysis. Gene expression was measured using the BD Atlas 5K gene array and by real-time PCR. Cytokine concentrations in the serum were quantified using ELISA and cytometric bead array. Statistical and data analyses were performed with the Student9s t-test and GeneSpring 5.0 software. Results Systemic infection with 105 CFU WT Lm and 107 CFU ΔactA Lm mutants induced a significant influx of Ly-6Chi monocytes into the brain concomitant with significant upregulation of MCP-1 gene expression in that organ. In contrast, infection with 107 CFU Δhly Lm mutants induced neither response. Kinetic analyses of gene expression in the brain and microbiological studies of WT Lm-infected mice demonstrated widespread gene upregulation at days 1 and 2 post-infection, even though the brains were sterile. Serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly increased from day 1 post-infection. Conclusions Initial recruitment of Ly-6Chi monocytes into the brain does not require brain infection and is not a generic response to systemic bacterial infection. However, it is necessary that infecting bacteria escape from phagosomes and replicate intracellularly. In addition to upregulation of MCP-1 gene expression, there is widespread gene upregulation in the brain before bacteria enter that organ. These data suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the innate immune response to intracellular replication of Lm in peripheral organs modulate gene expression in the CNS, a key consequence of which is recruitment of Ly-6Chi monocytes, some of which also contain intracellular bacteria, into the brain.
Ectopic Adrenal in Inguinal Hernia Sacs

Nodules of the ectopic adrenal cortex were identified in hernia sacs in 5 men. This condition seems to result from developing adrenal cortical tissue accompanying a descending testis. Ectopic adrenal must be distinguished from metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Such ectopic foci could potentially result in neoplasms or be a source of hormone production after adrenalectomy.
Should general surgeons perform specialty procedures? An outcome experience with reduction mammoplasty.

Abstract Recent health care reform proposals have emphasized the need for "generalists" over "specialists." Particularly targeted are the "surgical specialties." If much of this reform comes to pass, this may leave patients for whom the only surgical care may come from the general surgeon. In this setting, opportunities exist for the general surgeon to provide services that now are claimed by surgical specialists. This study reports the outcome experience of one general surgeon providing one such procedure, reduction mammoplasty, to a beneficiary population. Over a 26 month period, 50 reduction mammoplasties were performed. An average of 1527 grams of breast tissue were removed from each patient. There were no episodes of nipple necrosis or other complications requiring reoperation. At 1-26 months follow-up, all patients had relief of presenting symptoms, 90 per cent of patients had normal nipple sensation; all patients were satisfied with the results and would have the operation again by the same surgeon. These results show that a motivated and well-trained general surgeon can provide specialty surgical care to a potentially underserved population. General surgeons should be allowed to develop and practice the full range of skills they will need to take advantage of the opportunities that will be available to the surgical "generalist."
Density Functional Theory Calculation of pKa's of Thiols in Aqueous Solution Using Explicit Water Molecules and the Polarizable Continuum Model.

The pKa’s of substituted thiols are important for understanding their properties and reactivities in applications in chemistry, biochemistry, and material chemistry. For a collection of 175 different density functionals and the SMD implicit solvation model, the average errors in the calculated pKa’s of methanethiol and ethanethiol are almost 10 pKa units higher than for imidazole. A test set of 45 substituted thiols with pKa’s ranging from 4 to 12 has been used to assess the performance of 8 functionals with 3 different basis sets. As expected, the basis set needs to include polarization functions on the hydrogens and diffuse functions on the heavy atoms. Solvent cavity scaling was ineffective in correcting the errors in the calculated pKa’s. Inclusion of an explicit water molecule that is hydrogen bonded with the H of the thiol group (in neutral) or S– (in thiolates) lowers error by an average of 3.5 pKa units. With one explicit water and the SMD solvation model, pKa’s calculated with the M06-2X, PBEPBE,...
Person and Self

Ascription of psychological predicates involves reference to the beliefs, values and purposes of the agent. Thus psychological knowledge is founded on the agent’s avowals, whereby he exercises a power, bestowed on him by his fellow agents who recognise his privileged authority to establish by declaration the significance, for him, of what is happening to him and what he is doing in response. In so avowing, to himself or to others, he declares his reasons in terms of which his actions can be understood and evaluated. He ‘explains himself’, to himself as well as to others. It follows that, to be a psychological subject, i.e. a rational agent, one must be capable of self-consciousness ; one must have a ‘self’ to explain. What kind of creature is capable of such agency, and what kind of entity is the ‘self’ he must have and be aware of? We call such an agent a person. What then is it to be a person, and what is it to have a self?
On Optimality of Sparse Long-Range Links in Circulant Consensus Networks

We consider spatially invariant consensus networks in which the directed graph describing the interconnection topology, the link weights, and the temporal dynamics, are all characterized by circulant matrices. We seek the best new links, subject to budget constraints, whose addition to the network maximally improves its rate of convergence to consensus. Motivated by small-world networks, we apply the optimal link creation problem to circulant networks with local communication links. We observe that the optimal new links are sparse and long-range, and have an increasingly pronounced effect on the convergence rate of the network as its size grows. To further investigate the properties of optimal links analytically, we restrict attention to the creation of links with small weights, referred to as weak links. We employ perturbation methods to reformulate the problem of optimal weak link creation, and uncover conditions on the network architecture which guarantee sparse and long-range solutions to this optimization problem.
Efficient retention of mud drives land building on the Mississippi Delta plain

Abstract. Many of the world's deltas – home to major population centers – are rapidly degrading due to reduced sediment supply, making these systems less resilient to increasing rates of relative sea-level rise. The Mississippi Delta faces some of the highest rates of wetland loss in the world. As a result, multibillion dollar plans for coastal restoration by means of river diversions are currently nearing implementation. River diversions aim to bring sediment back to the presently sediment-starved delta plain. Within this context, sediment retention efficiency (SRE) is a critical parameter because it dictates the effectiveness of river diversions. Several recent studies have focused on land building along the open coast, showing SREs ranging from 5 to 30 %. Here we measure the SRE of a large relict crevasse splay in an inland, vegetated setting that serves as an appropriate model for river diversions. By comparing the mass fraction of sand in the splay deposit to the estimated sand fraction that entered it during its life cycle, we find that this mud-dominated sediment body has an SRE of ≥ 75 %, i.e., dramatically higher than its counterparts on the open coast. Our results show that transport pathways for mud are critical for delta evolution and that SRE is highly variable across a delta. We conclude that sediment diversions located in settings that are currently still vegetated are likely to be the most effective in mitigating land loss and providing long-term sustainability.
Emancipatory Empiricism: The Rural Sociology of W.E.B. Du Bois

In this article, the authors discuss W.E.B. Du Bois’ contributions to rural sociology, focusing specifically on his discussions of rural communities and the structure of agriculture. The authors fr...
Exchange Rates: Definitions and the Real Exchange Rate

This note defines exchange rates and explains changes in exchange rates (appreciations and depreciations). The note also introduces the concept of the real exchange rate as an inflation adjusted measure of the purchasing power of a country's currency and as a measure of the competitiveness of a country's products. The note discusses factors that influence the real exchange rate. The note contains assignment questions.
The USPSTF and screening for obstructive sleep apnea: Dispelling misconceptions.

Recent guidelines from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) say that there is insufficient evidence to recommend screening for obstructive sleep apnea in people who have no symptoms of it.[1][1]–[3][2] The USPSTF committee systematically reviewed the evidence, sifting through
Syncope and the risk of sudden cardiac death: Evaluation, management, and prevention

Syncope is a clinical syndrome defined as a relatively brief self-limited transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) caused by a period of inadequate cerebral nutrient flow. Most often the trigger is an abrupt drop of systemic blood pressure. True syncope must be distinguished from other common non-syncope conditions in which real or apparent TLOC may occur such as seizures, concussions, or accidental falls. The causes of syncope are diverse, but in most instances, are relatively benign (e.g., reflex and orthostatic faints) with the main risks being accidents and/or injury. However, in some instances, syncope may be due to more worrisome conditions (particularly those associated with cardiac structural disease or channelopathies); in such circumstances, syncope may be an indicator of increased morbidity and mortality risk, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Establishing an accurate basis for the etiology of syncope is crucial in order to initiate effective therapy. In this review, we focus primarily on the causes of syncope that are associated with increased SCD risk (i.e., sudden arrhythmic cardiac death), and the management of these patients. In addition, we discuss the limitations of our understanding of SCD in relation to syncope, and propose future studies that may ultimately address how to improve outcomes of syncope patients and reduce SCD risk.
Cabozantinib is well tolerated in acute myeloid leukemia and effectively inhibits the resistance-conferring FLT3/tyrosine kinase domain/F691 mutation.

BACKGROUND Cabozantinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), MET, AXL, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and KIT, is approved for use in multiple malignancies. We assessed the safety and tolerability of cabozantinib in AML, given up-regulation of multiple relevant pathways. METHODS Adults were eligible if they were 18 years old or older with relapsed/refractory AML or if they were 70 years old or older with newly diagnosed AML but were ineligible for conventional therapy. Cabozantinib was administered in 28-day cycles, and dose escalation occurred via cohorts. A pharmacodynamic evaluation of serial plasma samples via a plasma inhibitory assay (PIA) was used to assess FLT3-inhibitory activity in FLT3-mutant cell lines. RESULTS Among 18 patients enrolled, 5 were found to harbor FLT3/ITD mutations. Sixteen patients (89%) had relapsed/refractory AML, and most were treated with 2 or more lines of prior treatment. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were detected at the first dose level (40 mg daily), but 2 patients experienced DLTs at the next level (60 mg daily). The remaining patients were then dosed at 40 mg daily, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Additional grade 2 or higher toxicities, possibly/probably related to cabozantinib, included fatigue, nausea, transaminitis, and electrolyte imbalance. No patients had a marrow response according to formal criteria, but 4 had peripheral blast reductions; 2 of these 4 patients transiently cleared circulating blasts. One patient experienced a reduction in marrow blasts, and 1 had stable disease. The FLT3-inhibitory activity of plasma samples, as assessed with the PIA, revealed potent and sustained inhibition in FLT3/ITD and, notably, F691 tyrosine kinase domain (TKD)–mutant cells. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib is well tolerated in AML patients at an MTD of 40 mg daily and is a potent inhibitor of FLT3/ITD- and F691 TKD–altered tyrosine kinases. Cancer 2018;124:306-14. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Measuring the Poisson’s Ratio of Fibronectin Using Engineered Nanofibers

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fibrillar protein-based network, the physical and chemical properties of which can influence a multitude of cellular processes. Despite having an important role in cell and tissue signaling, a complete chemo-mechanical characterization of ECM proteins such as fibronectin (FN) is lacking. In this study, we engineered monodisperse FN nanofibers using a surface-initiated assembly technique in order to provide new insight into the elastic behavior of this material over large deformations. FN nanofibers were patterned on surfaces in a pre-stressed state and when released from the surface underwent rapid contraction. We found that the FN nanofibers underwent 3.3-fold and 9-fold changes in length and width, respectively, and that the nanofiber volume was conserved. Volume was also conserved following uniaxial extension of the FN nanofibers of ~2-fold relative to the patterned state. This data suggests that the FN networks we engineered formed an incompressible material with a Poisson’s ratio of ~0.5. While the Poisson’s ratio of cells and other biological materials are widely estimated as 0.5, our experimental results demonstrate that for FN networks this is a reasonable approximation.
Interactions of predominant insects and diseases with climate change in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A.

Abstract Forest disturbance regimes are beginning to show evidence of climate-mediated changes, such as increasing severity of droughts and insect outbreaks. We review the major insects and pathogens affecting the disturbance regime for coastal Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon and Washington State, USA, and ask how future climate changes may influence their role in disturbance ecology. Although the physiological constraints of light, temperature, and moisture largely control tree growth, episodic and chronic disturbances interacting with biological factors have substantial impacts on the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems in this region. Understanding insect and disease interactions is critical to predicting forest response to climate change and the consequences for ecosystem services, such as timber, clean water, fish and wildlife. We focused on future predictions for warmer wetter winters, hotter drier summers, and elevated atmospheric CO2 to hypothesize the response of Douglas-fir forests to the major insects and diseases influencing this forest type: Douglas-fir beetle, Swiss needle cast, black stain root disease, and laminated root rot. We hypothesize that (1) Douglas-fir beetle and black stain root disease could become more prevalent with increasing, fire, temperature stress, and moisture stress, (2) future impacts of Swiss needle cast are difficult to predict due to uncertainties in May-July leaf wetness, but warmer winters could contribute to intensification at higher elevations, and (3) laminated root rot will be influenced primarily by forest management, rather than climatic change. Furthermore, these biotic disturbance agents interact in complex ways that are poorly understood. Consequently, to inform management decisions, insect and disease influences on disturbance regimes must be characterized specifically by forest type and region in order to accurately capture these interactions in light of future climate-mediated changes.
Native American Student Award Nominations

(1999). Native American Student Award Nominations. Plains Anthropologist: Vol. 44, No. 168, pp. 162-162.
A novel role for cilia‐dependent sonic hedgehog signaling during submandibular gland development

Background Submandibular glands (SMGs) are specialized epithelial structures which generate saliva necessary for mastication and digestion. Loss of SMGs can lead to inflammation, oral lesions, fungal infections, problems with chewing/swallowing, and tooth decay. Understanding the development of the SMG is important for developing therapeutic options for patients with impaired SMG function. Recent studies have suggested Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the epithelium plays an integral role in SMG development; however, the mechanism by which Shh influences gland development remains nebulous. Results Using the Kif3af/f ;Wnt1-Cre ciliopathic mouse model to prevent Shh signal transduction by means of the loss of primary cilia in neural crest cells, we report that mesenchymal Shh activity is necessary for gland development. Furthermore, using a variety of murine transgenic lines with aberrant mesenchymal Shh signal transduction, we determine that loss of Shh activity, by means of loss of the Gli activator, rather than gain of Gli repressor, is sufficient to cause the SMG aplasia. Finally, we determine that loss of the SMG correlates with reduced Neuregulin1 (Nrg1) expression and lack of innervation of the SMG epithelium. Conclusions Together, these data suggest a novel mechanistic role for mesenchymal Shh signaling during SMG development. Developmental Dynamics 247:818-831, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of High and Low Autonomy-Supportive Climates on Physical Activity in Children with and without Developmental Disability

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of two different instructional climates on the accumulation of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during a fully-inclusive adapted recreational physical activity program. A total of 32 children (18 typically-developing (TD), and 14 with developmental disabilities (DD) ranging in ages from 5 to 9 years, participated in six, 60-min adapted recreational sessions. Of those six sessions, three incorporated an autonomy-supportive climate (high autonomy), and three incorporated direct instruction (low autonomy). MVPA was measured using accelerometers. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences in MVPA between group (TD/DD), climate (autonomy/direct), and a group x climate interaction. Significant group and climate main effects were observed (p = 0.002 and 0.014, respectively). However, there was not a significant group x climate interaction (p = 0.313). These results suggest that although the group of children with disabilities spent less time in MVPA compared to their typically-developing peers, all participants spent more time in MVPA for the autonomy-supportive climate compared to the low-autonomous climate. This study is the first to quantitatively assess the efficacy of a fully-inclusive autonomy-supportive climate on physical activity levels in children with and without developmental disabilities.
Energy efficient beam-alignment in millimeter wave networks

Millimeter wave communications rely on narrow-beam transmissions to cope with the strong signal attenuation at these frequencies, thus demanding precise beam-alignment between transmitter and receiver. The resulting signaling overhead may become excessive, especially in mobile environments. This paper addresses the energy efficient design of the beam-alignment protocol, with the goal of minimizing power consumption under a transmission rate constraint. The optimality of fractional search is proved, which allocates a given fraction of the interval of uncertainty on the mobile user's angular coordinate during beam-alignment. The fractional value is shown to be a function of the communication-sensing energy ratio: when large, a wider beam is selected and the fractional value approaches 1/2 (bisection); when small, a narrower beam is used to reduce the energy cost of sensing; finally, when smaller than 1/2, sensing is suboptimal. It is proved that the energy consumption under fractional search is smaller than that under bisection by at least a quantity proportional to the product of the minimum energy per radian used during beam-alignment, and the initial uncertainty on the mobile user's angular coordinate. Numerical results demonstrate a 2dB reduction in the average power consumption compared to bisection, for a wide range of rates.
Responding to mental health issues in the college classroom

As educators, the mental health and well-being of our students should be a top concern. In this forum, Smith and Applegate discuss the prevalence of mental health issues and the stigmas that surrou...
Energy-Efficient Design of Hybrid MTJ/CMOS and MTJ/Nanoelectronics Circuits

As CMOS technology scales down to the nanoscale, high leakage power consumption becomes one of the major concerns in the design of electronic circuits. To overcome this challenge, nano-emerging technologies and logic-in-memory (LIM) structures are being studied. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is an emerging spin-based device, which consumes very minimal leakage power in conjunction with CMOS transistors. In this paper, we propose a novel MTJ/CMOS design, which consumes low power and has lower delay than the existing LIM-based MTJ/CMOS designs. The proposed MTJ/CMOS designs have lower power and lower delay by charge sharing the output nodes during the pre-charge phase. The designs are simulated using 45 nm CMOS technology with perpendicular anistropy CoFeB/MgO MTJ model using a Cadence Spectre simulator. From the simulation results, we can see that the proposed MTJ/CMOS OR, AND, XOR, MUX, and full adder designs have 31.35%, 40.15%, 49.17%, 35.86%, and 42.62% lower power-delay-product, respectively, compared with the existing MTJ/CMOS designs. Furthermore, in this paper, we have also studied the usage of integrating nano-electronic devices, such as a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor and a Fin field-effect transistor, in the proposed circuits along with the MTJ devices.
‘Bang for buck’ in microfinance: Wellbeing mentorship or business education?

Abstract Within the microfinance literature, there is a growing interest in institutional logics. This paper explores ways that microfinance institutions can overcome the logic-tension of offering developmental programs and maintaining financial stability. First, I conduct a randomized control trial in Uganda to examine the financial and non-financial outcomes of loan recipients. Second, I use results from the field experiment, in a resource allocation model, to optimize the goals of a lending institution. I find that wellbeing mentorship, rather than business training, is the best ‘bang for buck’ when considering the interests of both the women entrepreneurs and the microfinance lending institution.
Insights into the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Viral Ovarian Tumor Domain Protease Specificity for Ubiquitin and Interferon Stimulated Gene Product 15

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a widespread economically devastating disease caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV). First recognized in the late 1980s, PRRSV is known to undergo somatic mutations and high frequency viral recombination, which leads to many diverse viral strains. This includes differences within viral virulence factors, such as the viral ovarian tumor domain (vOTU) protease, also referred to as the papain-like protease 2. These proteases down-regulate innate immunity by deubiquitinating proteins targeted by the cell for further processing and potentially also acting against interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Recently, vOTUs from vaccine derivative Ingelvac PRRS modified live virus (MLV) and the highly pathogenic PRRSV strain JXwn06 were biochemically characterized, revealing a marked difference in activity toward K63 linked polyubiquitin chains and a limited preference for interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) substrates. To extend our research, the vOTUs from NADC3...
Assignment and Scheduling: Many Classes and Processors

This chapter concerns the problem of scheduling service in multiclass and multiprocessor systems, and discusses key ideas in recent work in this area. The possibility of effective treatment of multiclass problems enlarges the scope of applications considerably. There will be no switchover time or cost or processor interruption. Sections 5.3 and 6.4 dealt with some specific multiclass systems, but where the priorities were fixed beforehand. Those examples well illustrated the considerable advantages of the workload formulation. The advantages of the workload formulation were also seen in Chapter 11, which dealt with scheduling problems for simpler systems, but where many of the basic issues (averaging theorems, switchover time, vacations) were different. A significant advantage of the workload formulation in Sections 5.3 and 6.4 was that the workload did not (at least asymptotically) depend on the priorities. It was well behaved and did not exhibit the rapid movement of the individual queues. In this sense the workload was an “invariant” of the system. The advantages of the workload formulation for multiclass systems will also be apparent for the classes of problems in this chapter.
Brain, Effects of Steroid Hormones

Steroid hormones have profound effects on the structure and function of the nervous system. Steroids are responsible for organizing neural circuits early in development and for activating the appropriate physiology and behavior during adulthood. Steroids also continue to shape the structure and function of the brain throughout the life span of the organism. This article focuses on these developmental, structural, and functional influences of steroids on the brain and their behavioral and physiological consequences.
Evolution: Language Use and the Evolution of Languages

Language change can be understood as an evolutionary process. Language change occurs at two different timescales, corresponding to the two steps of the evolutionary process. The first timescale is very short, namely, the production of an utterance: this is where linguistic structures are replicated and language variation is generated. The second timescale is (or can be) very long, namely, the propagation of linguistic variants in the speech community: this is where certain variants are selected over others. At both timescales, the evolutionary process is driven by social interaction and the role language plays in it. An understanding of social interaction at the micro-level—face-to-face interactions—and at the macro-level—the structure of speech communities—gives us the basis for understanding the generation and propagation of language structures, and understanding the nature of language itself.
Methods of seed processing by birds and seed deposition patterns

How a seed is handled by a bird has a major impact on dispersal. To quantify differences in seed handling behavior, I performed cage experiments on nine species of tropical fruit-eating birds and the fruits of seven plant species. Manakins handled fruits very differently than tanagers and finches. Whereas tanagers and finches masticated fruits and dropped large seeds, manakins swallowed fruit intact and dropped no seeds. Once ingested, seeds had similar rates of passage in manakins and tanagers but passed much more slowly in finches. Passage rates were influenced by seed size, bird size and pulp texture. Large seeds were regurgitated, a faster method of voiding seeds than defecation. Small seeds were defecated but often were internally separated from fruit pulp and passed more quickly than pulp. Small seeds are probably dispersed more widely than large seeds both because they are more often ingested and because they are placed in more defecations.
Ultra-low-density silver aerogels via freeze-substitution

Herein is reported a method for fabricating <10 mg/cm3 silver aerogels via the freeze casting of aqueous nanowire suspensions followed by freeze substitution and supercritical drying. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional freeze drying and yields highly uniform, crack-free monoliths that undergo no measurable shrinkage with excellent mold reproduction. Significantly, freeze substitution enables the use of high concentrations of cryoprotectants to control the freezing process and, hence, the pore architecture of the resulting aerogels. Due to its physical nature, this method is applicable to the fabrication of materials with a broad range of compositions.
Predicting Outcomes of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Retrospective US Validation of the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation Score.

Providers should estimate a patient’s chance of surviving an in-hospital cardiac arrest with good neurologic outcome when initially admitting a patient, in order to participate in shared decision making with patients about their code status. To examine the utility of the “Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation (GO-FAR)” score in predicting prognosis after in-hospital cardiac arrest in a US trauma center. Retrospective observational study Level 1 trauma and academic hospital in Minneapolis, MN, USA All cases of pulseless in-hospital cardiac arrest occurring in adults (18 years or older) admitted to the hospital between Jan 2009 and Sept 2018 are included. For patients with more than one arrest, only the first was included in this analysis. For each patient with verified in-hospital cardiac arrest, we calculated a GO-FAR score based on variables present in the electronic health record at time of admission. Pre-determined outcomes included survival to discharge and survival to discharge with good neurologic outcome. From 2009 to 2018, 403 adults suffered in-hospital cardiac arrest. A majority (65.5%) were male with a mean age of 60.3 years. Overall survival to discharge was 33.0%; survival to discharge with good neurologic outcome was 17.4%. GO-FAR score calculated at the time of admission correlated with survival to discharge with good neurologic outcome (AUC 0.68), which occurred in 5.3% of patients with below average survival likelihood by GO-FAR score, 22.5% with average survival likelihood, and 34.1% with above average survival likelihood. The GO-FAR score can estimate, at time of admission to the hospital, the probability that a patient will survive to discharge with good neurologic outcome after an in-hospital cardiac arrest. This prognostic information can help providers frame discussions with patients on admission regarding whether to attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.
Solution of the Optimal Control Problem for Helmholtz Equations with m-Point Nonlocal Boundary Conditions Using MEDG Method

The paper deals with optimal control problems whose behavior is described by Helmholtz equation with m-point nonlocal boundary conditions. Modified Explicit Decoupled Group (MEDG) numerical method of the solution of an optimal problem by means of the Mathcad package is presented. MEDG method is derived using a combination of the five-point finite difference approximation on the rotated grid stencil together with the five-point centered difference approximation on the standard grid stencils. In this paper, a new MEDG method is formulate to solve optimal control problem for Helmholtz equations with m-point nonlocal boundary conditions.
Sus scrofa (Domestic pig)

One pair of small metacentrics bears a deep secondary constriction on the short arm near the centromere.
Marine Mammals and Stress Workshop

Abstract : The purpose of the workshop held in conjunction with the 19th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals was to: 1) assemble a cross-section of researchers in the field of stress physiology and behavioral research, 2) evaluate state-of-the-art or developing technologies for measuring indicators of stress, and 3) identify scientific or regional topics for future stress-related research involving marine mammals, including cumulative effects and conservation impacts of stressors.
Inequality Federalism and Economic Self-Interest in Subnational Progressive Tax Politics:

In a national context of unabated inequality growth and recurrent tax cuts benefiting the wealthy, we have witnessed a notable rise in “inequality federalism,” characterized by subnational initiati...
Exploring Natural Clusters of Chronic Migraine Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

Heterogeneity in chronic migraine (CM) presents significant challenge for diagnosis, management, and clinical trials. To explore naturally occurring clusters of CM, we utilized data reduction methods on migraine-related clinical dataset. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering and principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to identify natural clusters in 100 CM patients using 14 migraine-related clinical variables. Three major clusters were identified. Cluster I (29 patients) – the severely impacted patient featured highest levels of depression and migraine-related disability. Cluster II (28 patients) – the minimally impacted patient exhibited highest levels of self-efficacy and exercise. Cluster III (43 patients) – the moderately impacted patient showed features ranging between Cluster I and II. The first 5 principal components (PC) of the PCA explained 65% of variability. The first PC (eigenvalue 4.2) showed one major pattern of clinical features positively loaded by migraine-related disability, depression, poor sleep quality, somatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder, being overweight and negatively loaded by pain self-efficacy and exercise levels. CM patients can be classified into three naturally-occurring clusters. Patients with high self-efficacy and exercise levels had lower migraine-related disability, depression, sleep quality, and somatic symptoms. These results may ultimately inform different management strategies.
Geomorphological Characterization of Rivers Using Virtual Globes and Digital Elevation Data: A Case Study from the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan

In recent years, fluvial geomorphology included a range of new technologies for the characterization of riverine landscapes in the pool of methods. LIDAR, the analysis of drone imagery or satellite remote sensing improved the ability to analyze river systems in manifold ways. However, the high demand for (often expensive) data and processing skills limit the application commonly to smaller study reaches or to regions where data is already available. In contrast, a range of conceptual frameworks for the geomorphological characterization of river systems highlights the relevance of integrating the catchment scale context. Against this background, virtual globes such as Google Earth are cost-efficient alternatives as they make high resolution satellite imagery available almost worldwide. Merging the information mapped from virtual globes with digital elevation data allows the interpretation of riverscape attributes in the context of the longitudinal profile. In our study, we present the geomorphological mapping of the more than 600 km long Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan based on different virtual globes and the SRTM-1 digital elevation model. The experience from this mapping exercise suggests that the combination of virtual globe imagery and elevation data is a powerful and cost-efficient approach for river research and application in the context of data-scarce river corridors.
FA-LAMP: FPGA-Accelerated Learned Approximate Matrix Profile for Time Series Similarity Prediction

With the proliferation of low-cost sensors and the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the rate of producing data far exceeds the compute and storage capabilities of today’s infrastructure. Much of this data takes the form of time series, and in response, there has been increasing interest in the creation of time series archives in the last decade, along with the development and deployment of novel analysis methods to process the data. The general strategy has been to apply a plurality of similarity search mechanisms to various subsets and subsequences of time series data in order to identify repeated patterns and anomalies; however, the computational demands of these approaches renders them incompatible with today’s power-constrained embedded CPUs.To address this challenge, we present FA-LAMP, an FPGA-accelerated implementation of the Learned Approximate Matrix Profile (LAMP) algorithm, which predicts the correlation between streaming data sampled in real-time and a representative time series dataset used for training. FA-LAMP lends itself as a real-time solution for time series analysis problems such as classification and anomaly detection, among others. FA-LAMP provides a mechanism to integrate accelerated computation as close as possible to IoT sensors, thereby eliminating the need to transmit and store data in the cloud for posterior analysis.At its core, LAMP and FA-LAMP employ Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) to perform prediction. This work investigates the challenges and limitations of deploying CNNs on FPGAs when using state-of-the-art commercially-supported frameworks built for this purpose, namely, the Xilinx Deep Learning Processor Unit (DPU) overlay and the Vitis AI development environment. This work exposes several technical limitations of the DPU, while providing a mechanism to overcome these limits by attaching our own hand-optimized IP block accelerators to the DPU overlay. We evaluate FA-LAMP using a low-cost Xilinx Ultra96-V2 FPGA, demonstrating performance and energy improvements of more than an order of magnitude compared to a prototypical LAMP deployment running on a Raspberry Pi 3. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/fccm2021sub/fccm-lamp.
Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) emissions from midwestern United States dairy anaerobic waste lagoons are episodic and seasonal. Emissions were modeled using an inverse diffusion model in conjunction with measured concentrations and turbulence. The potential for lagoon mixing was estimated by the Brunt frequency using a theoretical Fourier series temperature profile model constructed from measured air and lagoon temperatures. Annual H2 S emissions from the dairy parlor and holding area liquid waste, based on 318 d of measurement, were 212 g m-2 or 807 g head of cattle-1 . Hydrogen sulfide emissions were highest in the spring and the fall. Eleven days with emissions >7 g d-1 head-1 accounted for 25% of the annual emissions. Shear mixing appeared to dominate the mixing in the lagoon when the lagoon was estimated to be nearly isothermal. Wind shear correlated with significantly greater daily mean emissions. The H2 S emissions from this lagoon appeared to result from a series of processes; biogenic production of H2 S in the sludge, H2 S-enriched bubbles rise through the lagoon by buoyancy and wind shear induced mixing, and bubbles bursting at the surface either due to desiccation of the bubbles or surface disturbances induced by wind and precipitation.
Abstract 1115: BET bromodomain inhibition synergizes with MEK inhibitors in uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Approximately 50% of the patients develop hepatic metastasis and the median survival rate is 12 months. Currently available drugs have shown limited clinical activity in patients with UM and there is an urgent need for new effective therapies. UM is characterized by activating mutations of G protein q/11, mutations in BAP1, and amplification of the oncogene MYC. Epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role in UM pathogenesis, and we have demonstrated that Gnaq/11 mutant UM cells are addicted to BRD4 activity. BRD4 is a key regulator of transcriptional elongation by recruiting positive transcriptional elongation factor complex (PTEFb) to chromatin and activating RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. While BET inhibitors have shown potent activity in pre-clinical studies, single-agent BET inhibitors exhibited limited efficacy in advanced UM clinical trials. MAPK signaling in constitutively active in Gnaq/11 mutant UM cells and previous studies have shown that the MAPK pathway mediates resistance to BET inhibition. Therefore, we sought to combine MEK and BET inhibitors in a panel of UM cells. We found synergistic activities with a variety of structurally distinct MEK inhibitors including trametinib and binimetinib in combination with BET inhibitors, such as I-BET and PLX2853. These combinations induced a greater reduction in cell viability and significant apoptosis compared to either monotherapy, in both parental and BET inhibitor-resistant cells. Western blot studies were performed to evaluate the mechanism of the combination treatment with BET and MEK inhibition and demonstrated a marked downregulation of p-ERK, MYC, Bcl-xL and upregulation of BIM with the combination therapy. Similarly, the combination treatment resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to either BET or MEK inhibition alone in a Gnaq mutant xenograft model. In conclusion, our studies suggest that co-targeting of MEK and BET proteins may be required to maximize the responses of UM cells to BET inhibitors. Clinical trials with the combination of BET and MEK inhibitors are warranted. Citation Format: Grazia Ambrosini, Elgilda Musi, Gary K. Schwartz. BET bromodomain inhibition synergizes with MEK inhibitors in uveal melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1115.
Two-phase flow instability induced by flashing in natural circulation systems: An analytical approach

Abstract An analytical approach is presented to analyse flashing induced instabilities in two-phase flow systems. Averaged conservation equations of the drift flux model are used to describe the flow. For closure of these equations, Flashing Boundary, λ f l and Gas Generation due to Flashing, Γ g , f l have been derived from constitutive relationships for the working fluid. A few flashing models have been developed and discussed. The conservation equations have thus been solved for small perturbations assuming linear stability. The stability boundary is plotted on the Subcooling-Phase Change number plane. This boundary is corroborated with recent experimental studies.
Second Order Expansion for Implied Volatility in Two Factor Local Stochastic Volatility Models and Applications to the Dynamic \lambda -Sabr Model

Using an expansion of the transition density function of a two dimensional time inhomogeneous diffusion, we obtain the first and second order terms in the short time asymptotics of the local volatility function in a family of time inhomogeneous local-stochastic volatility models. With the local volatility function at our disposal, we show how recent results (Gatheral et al., Math. Financ. 22:591–620, 2012, [28]) for one dimensional diffusions can be applied to also determine expansions for call prices as well as for the implied volatility. The results are worked out in detail in the case of the dynamic Sabr model, thus generalizing earlier work by Hagan et al. (Wilmott Mag. 84–108, 2003, [31]), Hagan and Lesniewski (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 110, 2015, [32]) and by Henry-Labordere (Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 110, 2015, Geometry, and Modeling in Finance. Chapman & Hall/CRC Financial Mathematics Series, 2008, [39, 40]).
Treatment Adherence/Compliance

Nonadherence to treatment recommendations is a significant barrier to the improvement of health outcomes. Patient nonadherence (also called noncompliance) refers to the failure of a patient to follow specific treatment recommendations as directed by a health-care professional. Patient nonadherence varies widely across different conditions and patient populations. Current empirical research continues to examine, assess, and predict the challenges patients face in their self-care. Improvement in patient adherence depends on several key factors, including a realistic assessment of the patient's knowledge and understanding of their specific treatment regimen, and a collaborative partnership between the patient and clinician. Provider–patient communication can help to increase patient satisfaction and improve adherence. Health professionals can use the elements of the information-motivation-strategy (IMS) model to assist patients in building effective disease management strategies to maximize treatment adherence. Keywords: compliance; health psychology; patient adherence; physician-patient communication; health; non-verbal communication