cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiation-Induced Segregation in Multicomponent Alloys: Effect of Particle Type

The problem of irradiation-assisted stress-corrosion cracking (IASCC) in reactor cores is currently being addressed using different types of particle irradiation (electrons, protons, and heavy ions) to study the effect of neutron damage. The effect of radiation damage of greatest interest to the IASCC problem is the segregation of impurities or redistribution of alloying elements in the vicinity of the grain boundary. Differences among the types of irradiation include particle type, temperature, dose, and dose rate. The different particle type results in different "effective" displacement rates due to fundamental differences in the radiation damage state. The effect of displacement efficiency is incorporated into existing models for radiation-induced segregation and compared with experimentally determined values. Comparisons between theory and experiment were made using neutron-, proton-, and ion-irradiated stainless steels. Results showed that the measured chromium depletion prohle is generally narrower and shallower than that calculated from theory. Agreement between experiment and model was better in almost all cases when the particle efficiency was taken into account. Agreement was best for proton-irradiated steels, and less so for neutron and heavy ion-irradiated steels. The origins of this difference are probably due to spatial and depth resolution of the scanning transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectrometry measurement techniques, respectively, the lack of knowledge of the material parameters in modeling, and the uncertainty in the true displacement rate. Nevertheless, beyond 2 nm from the grain boundary, the shape of the experimental and calculated profiles agree reasonably well.
Purification and characterization of clathrin from bovine brain.

Clathrin has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by initial extraction of clathrin from purified coated vesicle fraction, followed by column chromatographies with gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite and finally by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Antibody specific to clathrin has also been obtained. Two forms of native clathrin, fast and slow components, have been prepared to about 95% purity by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Both fast and slow components are believed to represent two different aggregates of clathrin subunit because they comigrate in agarose electrophoresis, pH 7.4, and also migrate as clathrin subunit on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 175,000. Furthermore, both components cross-react with antibody against purified clathrin and compete for antibody binding site with labeled fast component. The fast component can also be converted to the slow component. In addition to clathrin, two proteins of about 38,000 and 35,000 M.W. that consistently copurified with native clathrin are probably also intrinsic to coated vesicle.
Costs of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Comparison of Umbilical Cord Blood and Matched Related Donor Transplantation and the Impact of Posttransplant Complications

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a complex and costly procedure. Unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative graft source for patients without matched related donors (MRD); however, costs of UCB HCT have not been described. We compared the costs of HCT within the first 100 days among recipients of MRD (myeloablative = 67, nonmyeloablative = 54) or UCB (myeloablative = 63, nonmyeloablative = 110) HCT. Cost and hospitalization data were obtained from the institutional accounting department. The 100-day probabilities of overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) were comparable among 4 transplant types; however, neutrophil recovery was delayed and graft failure was more likely in UCB recipients. The median cost per day survived (excluding costs of graft acquisition) was $1016 for myeloablative MRD, $2082 for myeloablative UCB, $612 for nonmyeloablative MRD, and $1156 for nonmyeloablative UCB recipients, respectively (P 48 days; 2.1 [1.9-2.3]). The median cost per day survived for patients with graft failure was $6976 (versus $1105 for no graft failure), dialysis was $4764 (versus $1102 for no dialysis), and $5099 for mechanical ventilation (versus $977 for no mechanical ventilation). Within the first 100 days, the absolute costs of myeloablative and nonmyeloablative UCB are higher than myeloablative and nonmyeloablative MRD transplantation. These costs are primarily driven by severe posttransplant complications, graft failure, and prolonged inpatient stay. Strategies to enhance engraftment will decrease the costs of UCB transplantation.
The effects of precipitation gradients on river profile evolution on the Big Island of Hawai'i

To better understand how climate affects bedrock river incision and long-term landscape evolution in the absence of tectonic forcing, we quantify differences in the longitudinal profiles of eroding bedrock channels across the Kohala peninsula on the northern tip of the Big Island of Hawai’i. An orographic rainfall gradient causes mean annual precipitation rates to vary by over an order of magnitude, from greater than 4000 mm/yr on the wet side to less than 250 mm/yr on the dry side of the peninsula. Channels on the wet side are relatively deeply incised into the surrounding landscape and have developed profiles in which slope increases downstream in upstream reaches (convex form) and decreases downstream in downstream reaches (concave form). Wet-side river channels have relatively large (10–30 m) vertical steps, or knickpoints, in the convex zone. In contrast, channels on the dry side of the peninsula are more shallowly incised, have developed nearly straight longitudinal profiles in which channel slope does not significantly change from upstream to downstream, and have smaller knickpoints. Channel profile form changes from straight to convex-concave at a watershed-averaged mean annual precipitation rate of between ∼1300 and 1750 mm/yr, suggesting a climatic threshold in this landscape, above which bedrock incision rates are enhanced. Valley depth (used as a proxy for the magnitude of channel incision) increases with increasing mean annual precipitation and is consistent with a similar fluvial-incision threshold. While the lithology is entirely basalt, incision patterns also appear to be affected by spatial differences in bedrock weathering due to both local climate and basalt flow age. The older and more weathered Pololū basalts (260–450 ka) are capped by the younger Hawī basalt series (120–260 ka), and we interpret that heterogeneous weathering of these units influences channel form, relief, sediment production, and knickpoint development.
Authentic Role-playing as Situated Learning: Reframing teacher education methodology for higher-order thinking

This article draws from situated learning theory, teacher education research, and the authors’ collaborative self-study to propose a teacher education pedagogy that may help to bridge the theory-into-practice gap for preservice teachers. First, we review the Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium standards to confirm the call for higher-order critical thinking skills as an essential habit for future classroom teachers. We also review literature of teacher education methodology and situated learning. Our self-study concerns the use of authentic role-playing as situated learning (ARSL), a situated learning methodology that allows our preservice teachers to pause the interaction during classroom role-playing in order to gain access to and demystify the complex, critical thinking used by expert teachers in their moment-to-moment practice. We describe two instances of ARSL in which we engaged preservice teachers in a fifth-grade mathematics lesson using tiered instruction. Implications for teache...
Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being as Nonadditive Predictors of Workplace Turnover

Data from a 2-year field study were used to examine the relationships among psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and employee job performance with employee turnover. Using a sample of 112 managers employed at a large organization on the West Coast of the United States, and controlling for employee age, gender, ethnicity, and job performance, well-being and job satisfaction were found to predict turnover in a nonadditive manner. As expected, well-being was found to moderate the relation between job satisfaction and job separation, such that job satisfaction was most strongly (and negatively) related to turnover when well-being was low.
Ferroelectric properties of a fast switching cyclic siloxane oligomer

The synthesis and properties of a novel ferroelectric cyclic siloxane oligomer are reported. The properties of the oligomer are compared to those of a linear siloxane polymer and its unattached side group consisting of the same mesogenic moiety as the cyclic siloxane oligomer. The ferroelectric and electroclinic response times as well as the tilt angles of the cyclic material are found to be similar to those of the monomer while the spontaneous polarization is comparable to that of the linear siloxane polymer. These studies constitute the first detailed comparison of the ferroelectric properties of cyclic and linear siloxane polymers.
DNA repair: breaking the seal.

The diversity of the receptors on our immune cells that recognize 'foreign' material is ensured by combining a set of gene segments to form the final receptor genes. A crucial player in that process has now been found.
Global Optimization with Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations

This paper examines global optimization of an integral objective function subject to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Theory is developed for deriving a convex relaxation for an integral by utilizing the composition result defined by McCormick (Mathematical Programming 10, 147---175, 1976) in conjunction with a technique for constructing convex and concave relaxations for the solution of a system of nonquasimonotone ordinary differential equations defined by Singer and Barton (SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Submitted). A fully automated implementation of the theory is briefly discussed, and several literature case study problems are examined illustrating the utility of the branch-and-bound algorithm based on these relaxations.
Morphology and crystal structure of CTFMP and bulk polymerized poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

Abstract Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) has been polymerized at temperatures between 150 and 220°C as extended chain lamellar single crystals, ca 100 A thick, by the confined thin film melt polymerization (CTFMP) technique. The crystal structure, determined from electron diffraction patterns and modeling using the Cerius 2 simulation program is compared with that of solution grown crystals from higher molecular weight commercial PTT and PTT polymerized in the bulk at temperatures from 180 to 220°C; the crystal density is highest for the CTFMP material and least for the solution precipitated commercial PTT. The triclinic unit cell of PTT contains two chemical repeat units from a single chain, with lattice parameters of a=4.53, b=6.15, c=18.61 A , α=97°, β=92°, γ=111°, ρ=1.448 g / cm 3 .
Toroidal wave frequency at L = 6–10: Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers/CCE observations and comparison with theoretical model

[1] Magnetospheric standing Alfven waves are guided along the ambient magnetic field, and their frequency depends on the mass density of the plasma distributed along the field lines. These properties allow us to use Alfven waves to map time-dependent phenomena between space and ground and to estimate the mass density. In this paper we present a statistical study of the spatial variation of the fundamental frequency fT1 of toroidal-mode standing Alfven waves in the L range from 6 to 10, where L indicates the maximum geocentric distance on the field line. The data used for this analysis are energetic particle flux anisotropy (proxy of transverse electric field) and magnetic field measurements from the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers /Charge Composition Explorer (CCE) spacecraft. Using CCE data covering 4 years, we obtained ∼5000 20-min intervals containing a clear signature of toroidal waves. The median fT1 is 6–10 mHz at L = 7 and decreases to 4–8 mHz at L = 9. The frequency tends to be lower at noon than at midnight. The observed frequencies are compared with numerically derived frequencies using an empirical mass density model [Gallagher et al., 2000] and a magnetic field model [Tsyganenko, 1989]. We found a good agreement for 1200–2400 magnetic local time (MLT) but a large discrepancy near 0300 MLT. This may indicate that the flux tubes at this local time are more heavily loaded than specified in Gallagher et al.'s [2000] model.
Genetic mapping and DNA sequence-based analysis of deleted regions on chromosome 16 involved in progression of bladder cancer from occult preneoplastic conditions to invasive disease

Histologic and genetic mapping with 30 hypervariable markers mapped to chromosome 16 were performed on 234 DNA samples of five cystectomy specimens from patients with invasive bladder cancer. Allelic losses of individual markers were related to microscopically identified precursor conditions in the entire bladder mucosa and invasive cancer. Their significance for the development and progression of neoplasia from in situ preneoplastic conditions to invasive disease was analysed by the nearest neighbor algorithm and binomial maximum likelihood analysis. Using this approach we identified five distinct regions of allelic losses defined by their flanking markers and predicted size as follows. p13.3(D16S418-D16S406, 1.2 cM), p13.1(D16S748-D16S287, 12.9 cM), q12 1(D16S409-D16S514, 24.0 cM), q22.1 (D16S496-D16S515, 5.4 cM), and q24 (D16S507-D16S511, 5.9 cM and D16S402-D16S413, 17.4 cM). The regions mapping to p13.1 and q24 were involved in early intraurothelial phases of bladder neoplasia such as mild to moderate dysplasia. On the other hand the deleted region mapping to p13.3 was involved in progression of severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ to invasive bladder cancer. Testing of markers that exhibited statistically significant LOH in relation to progression of neoplasia from precursor conditions to invasive cancer on 28 tumors and voided urine samples from 25 patients with bladder cancer revealed that q12.1 showed LOH in 46.4% of tumor and 32.0% of voided urine samples. The LOH of a single marker D16S541 could be detected in approximately 28% of tumors and 20% of voided urine samples of patients with bladder cancer. These data imply that the deleted region centered around marker D16S541 spanning approximately 10 cM and flanked by D16S409 and D16S415 contains a novel putative tumor suppressor gene or genes playing an important role in the development of human bladder cancer. To facilitate more precise positional mapping and identification of pathogenetically relevent genes, we analysed of human genome contig and sequence databases spanning the deleted regions. Multiple known candidate genes and several smaller gene-rich areas mapping to the target regions of chromosome 16 were identified.
Calcium-dependent regulation of protein synthesis and degradation in muscle

MUSCLE proteins undergo continuous intracellular turnover as do proteins in other cells1,2. Furthermore, hormones, nutrients and work load can alter rates of protein synthesis and degradation in muscle, resulting in growth or atrophy of these tissues1,2. In hereditary muscular dystrophies, where there is prominent wasting of the affected tissues, rates of both total protein synthesis and degradation are elevated3–10. The immediate cause of this muscle atrophy is the imbalance resulting from an increase in protein degradation which exceeds a smaller enhancement in average protein synthesis. No simple explanation based on a defect in the response of dystrophic cells to known hormonal or nutritional factors has satisfactorily explained the elevation in the rates of both protein synthesis and degradation. We have now investigated the possible role of increased cellular Ca2+ as a mediator of such changes in protein metabolism based on other known structural and biochemical alterations in dystrophic muscles11,12. Lesion(s) involving membranes in muscle as well as other cells occur in hereditary dystrophies, including the main human form, Duchenne dystrophy11,12. One characteristic of the dystrophic plasma membrane seems to be an increased permeability to the high concentrations of Ca2+ normally present in extracellular fluid11,12. In addition, studies have suggested a decreased ability of sarcoplasmic reticulum to sequester Ca2+ in dystrophic muscles13,14. Thus, it is possible that increased Ca2+ might be responsible for the stimulation of both protein synthesis and degradation which occurs in these muscles. To test this idea, we have experimentally increased the uptake of external Ca2+ into rat muscles by using the divalent cation ionophore, A23187. The ability of this ionophore to increase the transport of Ca2+ across membranes has resulted in its application as a widely used tool for the study of many Ca2+-dependent cellular processes15. The experiments reported here demonstrate that increased movement of Ca2+ into muscle can produce effects which closely resemble dystrophic muscle and that the increased net catabolism can be reversed by certain factors.
Rule-based query optimization, revisited

We present the architecture and a performance assessment of an extensible query optimizer written in Venus. Venus is a general-purpose active-database rule language embedded in C++. Following the developments in extensible database query optimizers, first in rule-based form, followed by optimizers written as object-oriented programs, the Venus-based optimizer avails to the advantages of both. Venus' modular structure allows us to go a step further and provide extensibility in search by defining parameterized search components in a declarative form that has the additional effect of integrating heuristic and cost-based optimization. We compare optimizers developed with Volcano, OPT++ and Venus. Venus' optimizing compiler yields code whose performance is comparable with Volcano and OPT++ on smaller queries. The ability to introduce additional pruning heuristics yields better scalability on larger queries. Evaluation of the system using quantitative software metrics supports a claim that the Venus-based optimizer is more easily maintained and extended than are its predecessors.
Interference Effects between Different Optical Harmonics

It is shown that destructive interference between two coherent excitation pathways from different optical harmonics, a fundamental and a third harmonic, inhibits resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. Once the role of the third harmonic is realized, the interference follows naturally from simple considerations of Fermi's "golden rule" and Maxwell's equations.
TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR AND PULMONARY HOST DEFENSE. • 1098

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in a variety of pathologic processes. To evaluate the role of TNF during pulmonary inflammation and infection, we have generated an animal model in which the human surfactant apoprotein C promoter directs the expression of a soluble TNF antagonist. This antagonist consists of a fusion protein of the p75 soluble TNF receptor and the Fc portion of human IgG1. The transgenic mice were analyzed by Southern blot, northern blot and an ELISA analysis of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Of the three lines of mice analyzed to date, one line expresses the transgene mRNA uniquely in the lung and secretes the fusion protein into the BAL fluid and serum. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of the protein, corrected for dilution by the lavage fluid, are 10-40 times those in the serum (1795.8 +/- 282 ng/ml vs. 58.1 +/- 14.3 ng/ml). The mice were then evaluated by intranasal instillation of Micropolyspora faeni antigen, which is known to induce pulmonary inflammation and TNF elaboration by alveolar macrophages. Compared to littermate wildtype controls, the transgenic mice have diminished PMN recruitment into the BAL fluid (9.2% +/- 3.5 vs. 24.8% +/- 8.3), indicating attenuation of the inflammatory response. Further studies are planned to investigate the utility of this model to study pulmonary inflammation and infection including systemic and aerosol challenge with LPS and gram negative bacteria.
Anharmonic Vibrational Spectroscopy of Glycine: Testing of ab Initio and Empirical Potentials

The second-order Moller−Plesset ab initio electronic structure method is used to compute points on the potential energy surface of glycine. Some 50 000 points are computed, covering the spectroscop...
The genesis of shame

L'A. propose une conception de la honte qui explique la prise de conscience de leur nudite par Adam et Eve. Examinant l'histoire de l'arbre de la connaissance du bien et du mal au chapitre 3 de la Genese, ainsi que le mythe de la nudite naturelle des ancetres, l'A. montre que la honte depasse la sphere privee pour alimenter le debat public sur l'auto-presentation sociale et le debat moral sur le rapport culturel au corps et a la sexualite.
Self-reported weapon ownership, use, and violence experience among clients accessing an inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic.

Little is known about the extent to which people who access public health care settings own/carry weapons and experience/perpetrate acts of violence. The purpose of this study was to describe weapon ownership and violence experiences of persons attending an inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic. Face-to-face interviews were administered to 245 clients to assess weapon ownership, types of weapons carried, and experiences as victims or perpetrators of violent acts. Overall, 43.7% reported experience of carrying a weapon at some point in their lives. More men chose to carry guns; more women chose to carry knives or mace. Participants reported experiencing alarming levels of violence in the previous year: 30.5% experienced beatings, 23.9% reported being threatened with a gun, and 18.9% reported forced, unwanted sex. Persons with a history of carrying weapons were significantly more likely to report being both victims and perpetrators of violence. Persons who experienced violence in the previous month were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with an STD. Results show that STD clinics represent yet another setting wherein interventions to curb the extent of violence might be appropriate, and strategies to assist and protect those experiencing violence are needed.
TWIK-2 channel deficiency leads to pulmonary hypertension through a rho-kinase-mediated process

TWIK-2 (KCNK6) is a member of the 2-pore domain (K2P) family of potassium channels, which are highly expressed in the vascular system. We tested the hypothesis that TWIK-2 deficiency leads to pulmo...
Electronic structure and spectroscopy of oxyallyl: a theoretical study.

Electronic structure of the oxyallyl diradical and the anion is investigated using high-level ab initio methods. Converged theoretical estimates of the energy differences between low-lying electronic states of oxyallyl (OXA) as well as detachment energies of the anion are reported. Our best estimates of the adiabatic energy differences between the anion 2 A2 and the neutral 3 B2 and 3 B1 states are 1.94 and 2.73 eV, respectively. The 1 A1 state lies above 3 B2 vertically, but geometric relaxation brings it below the triplet. The two-dimensional scan of the singlet 1 A1 potential energy surface (PES) reveals that there is no minimum corresponding to a singlet diradical structure. Thus, singlet OXA undergoes prompt barrierless ring closure. However, a flat shape of the PES results in the resonance trapping in the Franck-Condon region, giving rise to the experimentally observable features in the photoelectron spectrum. By performing reduced-dimensionality wave packet calculations, we estimated that the wave packet lingers in the Franck-Condon region for about 170 fs, which corresponds to the spectral line broadening of about 200 cm -1 . We also present calculations of the photodetachment spectrum and compare it with experimental data. Our calculations lend strong support to the assignment of the photoelectron spectrum of the OXA anion reported in Ichino et al. (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2009, 48, 8509).
Elastic and inelastic scattering of nucleons from 16O

Abstract Measurements of differential elastic and inelastic cross sections for neutron scattering from 16O at incident energies 18 to 26 MeV are presented. In addition to cross sections for neutron scattering differential cross sections for proton scattering up to 66 MeV are described in terms of phenomenological optical model potentials. At 24.5 MeV incident energy inelastic scattering up to 11.5 MeV excitation was measured. The elastic and inelastic compound nucleus contributions were examined. Direct inelastic scattering from the normal parity states was calculated using the DWBA and coupled-channel formalisms. The inelastic scattering cross section from non-normal parity state 2− was calculated using the coupled-channel formalism via multi-step processes. Cross sections due to inelastic scattering from some of the states, which are thought to be members of an excited state rotational band were calculated using both vibrational and rotational approaches and were compared.
Metabolic Engineering from a Cybernetic Perspective. 2. Qualitative Investigation of Nodal Architechtures and Their Response to Genetic Perturbation

A cybernetic representation of the branch point development of Stephanopoulos and Vallino is formulated. The model systems are employed to translate the qualitative properties of the nodal control architectures characterized by Stephanopoulos and Vallino into a mathematical context. It is shown that a cybernetic model in which the objective is the independent maximization of the levels of branch point products is consistent with the characterization of a flexible node. In contrast, the rigid control architecture is shown to be equivalent to the maximization of the mathematical product of the branch point products. It has been demonstrated subsequently that cybernetic metabolic network models are capable of predicting the system response to enzymatic amplification. However, given the complicated nature of the subsequent models, a clear illustration of the basic mechanism by which such predictions are manifested is not forthwith. Thus, a second objective of the present work is the examination of the response of the flexible and rigid control architectures to genetic perturbation, specifically enzymatic overexpression, with the expressed aim of elucidating the mechanism by which a cybernetic model predicts metabolic network responsiveness. It is shown that the ramifications of genetic perturbation are transmitted through the cybernetic representation of a metabolic network via the resource allocation structure which acts as the conduit by which regulatory signals are transmitted to seemingly unconnected portions of the network. It is postulated that enzymatic overexpression under an artificial promoter represents, from the perspective of the microorganism, an uncontrollable resource drain that forces the metabolic network control architecture to reevaluate the standing resource allocation policy as implemented via the cybernetic control variables. In biological terms, the reevaluation of allocation policy implies a shift in the level and activity of network enzymes yielding, in some cases, qualitatively different network function. It is our position that, conceptually, this is equivalent to the conventional wisdom that genetic manipulation of a metabolic network is the impetus for shifts in the network functionality, i.e., enzyme levels as well as activity. Thus, this development provides a necessary intellectual precursor for the formulation and analysis of the model systems that follow.
Creating and Strengthening Connections among Employees with a Blog Service

Recently companies provide social network services (SNS) for their employees for purposes of sharing knowledge and creating/strengthening connections among the employees. We investigated Hewlett-Packard Japanpsilas SNS for its employees and found that communications in the SNSpsilas blog service was not active enough. We considered that one of its major reasons as hesitation in communicating with strangers, and mediators (e.g. common friends) can lower the hesitation. Based on the idea, we propose a system that prompts users to communicate with others in the blogosphere by recommending appropriate blog articles to attach comments. The system recommends articles based on userpsilas interests and human connections among users; i.e., it recommends interesting articles for a user when mediators exist between the user and authors of the articles or comments for them.
Mechanism of DNA resection during intrachromosomal recombination and immunoglobulin class switching

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are byproducts of normal cellular metabolism and obligate intermediates in antigen receptor diversification reactions. These lesions are potentially dangerous because they can lead to deletion of genetic material or chromosome translocation. The chromatin-binding protein 53BP1 and the histone variant H2AX are required for efficient class switch (CSR) and V(D)J recombination in part because they protect DNA ends from resection and thereby favor nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we examine the mechanism of DNA end resection in primary B cells. We find that resection depends on both CtBP-interacting protein (CtIP, Rbbp8) and exonuclease 1 (Exo1). Inhibition of CtIP partially rescues the CSR defect in 53BP1- and H2AX-deficient lymphocytes, as does interference with the RecQ helicases Bloom (Blm) and Werner (Wrn). We conclude that CtIP, Exo1, and RecQ helicases contribute to the metabolism of DNA ends during DSB repair in B lymphocytes and that minimizing resection favors efficient CSR.
Video Requiem: Thy Will Be Done

The modern technology of video recording presents an inexpensive, convenient, and reliable method of preserving a testator's testimony. This article addresses such use of the video recordings in will execution ceremonies to help avoid successful will contests and maintain the implementation of the testator's final wishes. The author provides an outline that may be followed when recording a will ceremony. Also included is a list of advantages and disadvantages of this procedure. Lastly, the author discusses the potential use of the recording to serve as the will itself.
The Current State of the Art in Machine Intelligence

Computer scientists are trying to create computer systems that exhibit intelligent behavior, in a field called artificial intelligence or simply AI. Some researchers don’t worry whether their computer systems work in the same way that human brains do. For example, most chess playing programs examine much larger numbers of possible lines of play than humans can, but cannot explain their plans for defense and attack in the way that a human chess player can. Other researchers specifically try to mimic the way human brains work. For example, there have been efforts to mimic conscious human reasoning in programs for proving mathematical theorems and even in programs for game playing. Hubert Dreyfus’s criticism was directed at such efforts that model higher-level reasoning without any model for lower-level, unconscious brain processes. Recognizing the validity of his criticism, some researchers have recently made efforts to mimic the behaviors of simpler animals without any claim to intelligence such as multi-legged robots that mimic the way insects walk.1
Evaluation of the loading of neck and shoulder musculature in overhead pushing and pulling exertions

Despite substantial epidemiological evidence relating overhead exertions with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) of the neck, effects of such exertions on the loading of neck or cervical spine musculature are not well understood. In this study, the effects of overhead pushing and pulling exertions on the loading of the cervical spine were evaluated using electromyography (EMG) and subjective discomfort ratings. Additionally, the role of gender as well as individual strength on the loading of neck musculature during such exertions was evaluated. Twenty-four healthy individuals (12 men and 12 women) participated in this study. Each participant performed overhead pushing and pulling exertions, exerting 25%, 50%, and 75% of their respective maximum strengths. Overhead pushing exertions were found to be significantly more strenuous to the neck musculature than were the pulling exertions. Gender had no significant effect on the activities of the neck muscles. Participants with high strength, however, were able to exert more force at comparatively low muscle activation levels. Subjective discomfort ratings were strongly correlated with the EMG data. At various workplaces, avoiding overhead exertions is rather impossible due to material, interface, and site constraints. Based on the results of this study, however, during such exertions, an interchange between directions of force application could prevent sustained loading of the neck muscles, fatigue, and consequently the probability of neck WMSD incidents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug Information Centers: An Overview

Drug information centers have existed for more than 20 years. Well over 100 centers function across the country, primarily affiliated with hospitals and/or colleges of pharmacy. The centers serve an audience of primarily health professionals but in some settings meet consumer needs. Three general areas of responsibility exist: service, education and research. In the area of service, specific functions such as answering questions, supporting the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and preparing newsletters are frequent. Educational responsibilities often include teaching pharmacy students drug information skills. Evaluation of the services has focused mostly on answering questions and Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee functions. Commercial information systems used by Drug Information Centers (DICs) are increasingly sophisticated and offer the opportunity to improve efficiency. Funding generally is provided by the institution with which the center is affiliated. Attempts to charge for services have provided only modest revenue. Drug information centers continue to mature and offer a useful service.
Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712).

It was only at the onset of the Tokugawa period (1602-1868) that formal political thought emerged in Japan. Prior to that time Japanese scholars had concentrated, rather, on questions of legitimacy and authority in historical writing., producing a stream of works. Brownlee's illuminating study describes twenty of these important historical works commencing with Kojiki (712) and Nihon Shoki (720) and ending with Tokushi Yoron (1712) by Arai Hakuseki. Historical writing would cease to be the sole vehicle for political discussion in Japan in the eighteenth century as Chinese Confucian thought became dominant. The author illustrates how the first works conceptualized history as imperial history and that subsequent scholars were unable to devise alternative schemes or patterns for history until Arai Hakuseki. Following the first histories, the central concern became the question of the relation of the Emperors to the new powers that arose. Brownlee examines the genre of Historical Tales and how it treated the Fujiwara Regents, the War Tales dealing with warriors at large, and specific works of historical argument depicting the Bakufu in relation to the Emperors. By interposing the works of GukanshA, (1219) by Jien, JinnA, ShA,tA,ki (1339) by Kitabatake Chikafusa and Tokushi Yoron by Arai Hakuseki a clear pattern, demonstrating the sequential development of complexity and sophistication in handling the question, is revealed. Japanese political thought thus developed independently towards rationalism and secularism in early modern times.
The design and implementation of an innovative online program for a master of science degree in Computer Science — Software Engineering specialization

An executive software engineering program-developed to meet regional workforce needs-affords cohorts of students the opportunity to complete their Master's degree within one calendar year. This innovative program was designed with several objectives. Custom elective tracks were integrated to better meet needs within diverse application areas, such as healthcare, transportation, and the insurance industry. This program was also designed to establish a partner relationship with employers to support students through work release and opportunities for real world capstone project experiences. The program was designed as a cohort model in order to establish a strong sense of community and thus promote increased peer learning within courses because effective peer learning has been established as a best practice for online programs in higher education. Experiences regarding the development and implementation of an innovative, graduate, online program for the Master of Science in Computer Science — Software Engineering specialization are described in this paper.
When Being a Good Company Isn’t Good Enough: The Malden Mills Case

The story of Aaron Feuerstein is now old news but it was so spectacular in the late 1990s that it quickly made it into dozens of business ethics textbooks and anthologies. Until under his leadership as the President and CEO of Malden Mills Industries, Inc., a textile company (best known for Polartec) in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Malden Mills was taken by many CSR proponents to be the archetype of the socially responsible firm. However, the very virtues for which Malden Mills is lauded among CSR proponents are recognized also to be significant causes of Malden Mills’ recent bankruptcy and Feuerstein’s fall from leadership. Consequently, there is a strong argument to be made that passing the CSR test meant, for Malden Mills, failing the market test. Our discussion explores the implications of the principle ought implies can for CSR. If the Feuerstein-led Malden Mills is the archetype of a socially responsible firm, Malden Mills’ subsequent bankruptcy suggests some cherished notions of CSR must be reexamined in light of their failure to satisfy ought implies can. A CSR worth paying attention to ought to be mindful not just of the intentions that inform socially responsible action but also the effects of that action.
Quantum-Mechanically Correct Form of Hamiltonian Function for Conservative Systems

Dirac showed that, if in the Hamiltonian $H$ momenta ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{r}$ conjugate to the co-ordinates ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{r}$ are replaced by $(\frac{h}{2\ensuremath{\pi}i})\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}}{\ensuremath{\partial}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{r}}$, the Schr\"odinger equation appropriate to the coordinate system ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{r}$ is $(H\ensuremath{-}E){\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\xi}}=0$. Applied to coordinate systems other than cartesian this usually leads to incorrect results. The difficulty is here traced partially to the way in which ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{\ensuremath{\xi}}$ is normalized and partly to the choice of $H$. In $H$ expressions such as $\mathrm{qp}{q}^{\ensuremath{-}1}p$ and ${p}^{2}$ are not equivalent, and the simplified form is generally incorrect. A formula satisfying all the requirements of quantum mechanics for a Hamiltonian of a conservative system, in an arbitrary coordinate system, is therefore developed $H=\frac{1}{2\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{r=n}{r=1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{s=n}{s=1}{g}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}}{p}_{r}{g}^{\frac{1}{2}}{g}^{\mathrm{rs}}{p}_{s}{g}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{4}}+U$ This formula is applied to a case of plane polar coordinates and leads to correct results.
Blog Enabled Peer–To–Peer Learning

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to simulate development of a community oral health plan using technology-based tools at the students9 disposal. The specific research questions were: Will students use the Internet to identify community oral health issues and develop solutions to address the issues? Will blogs be a good tool to discuss and engage students in conversation with each other and to connect them with community oral health resources? How will blogging impact future academic and personal communications for the student? Methods: Dental hygiene students (n=30) participated in a community oral health course for 7 weeks. Students were asked to create a blog on which they would post weekly assignments and respond to 2 of their peer9s blogs each week. Methods for data collection were post-treatment survey (15 items) analyzed for descriptive statistics and an analysis of written blog content according to a counting and coding scheme. Results/Conclusion: Students used the Internet to identify issues and problem solving scenarios. Blogs were a good tool to engage students in discussions on oral health issues and peer-to-peer learning. Qualitative discourse analysis revealed evidence of critical thought and discourse throughout blog posts. Students referenced the Internet in blogs, while specific instances of resource sharing and provision of solutions to peers were less common. Students felt blogging encouraged them to engage with one another. Twenty percent of participating students have extended their use of blogging for both academic and personal purposes. This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Professional Education and Development: Evaluate the extent to which current dental hygiene curricula prepare dental hygienists to meet the increasingly complex oral health needs of the public.
Future directions in the use of telemental health to improve the accessibility and quality of children's mental health services.

Abstract Objectives: This concluding commentary offers a brief overview of progress to date in providing telemental health services to children, and then offers a critical vision for future research needed to provide the rigorous empirical foundation for telemental health to be considered a well-established format for the delivery of children's mental health services. Methods: We review how recent years have witnessed advances in the science and practice of children's telemental health, and the articles in this special series collectively offered a critical step forward in the establishment of a guiding literature to provide informed direction for child providers incorporating remote technologies to extend their practices. Results: Researchers must be cautious not to develop a “horse race” mentality and a misguided search for a decisive “winner” regarding the ultimate effectiveness of child telemental health versus traditional clinic-based treatments. Instead, research efforts are needed to examine key me...
Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Separation by Polarity or Shape for the Characterization of Sugar-Based Nonionic Surfactants.

Mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were interfaced with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ion mobility (IM) separation to characterize a complex nonionic surfactant, consisting of a methylated glucose core (glucam) conjugated with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEOn) branches that were partially esterified with stearic acid to form ethoxylated glucam (PEOn-glucam) stearates. Reverse-phase LC-MS afforded fast separation according to polarity into five major fractions. Accurate mass measurements of the ions in the mass spectra extracted from these fractions enabled conclusive identification of six components in the surfactant, including PEOn-glucam mono-, di-, and tristearates as well as free and esterified PEOn as byproducts. MS/MS experiments provided corroborating evidence for the fatty acid content in each fraction based on the number of stearic acid losses observed. With IM-MS, the total surfactant ions were separated according to charge and shape into four distinct ban...
LIS Training for Support Staff: An Initial Review of Associate's and Certificate Programs In The U.S.

ABSTRACTThe author presents the results of a review and analysis of thirty-five colleges and universities in the United States that currently offer an Associate's degree and/or vocational certificate(s) in Library and Information Science. These programs, which are geared primarily to existing library support staff who seek additional training, have been created independently of each other and without a national standard to guide the curriculum. Although the American Library Association-Allied Professional Association's Library Support Staff Certification offers guidelines for the educational content of Associate's level LIS programs, a comparison reveals significant gaps. Furthermore, the ALA-APA program currently approves courses at only three institutions in the nation, and certifies graduates from only fourteen. The author identifies areas of misalignment between the Library Support Staff Certification and existing LIS programs and suggests directions for future improvement.Column Editor’s Note Communi...
Cushing's disease.

Cushing's disease is a form of Cushing's syndrome, persistent inappropriate hypercortisolism, that results from pituitary ACTH hypersecretion. It currently accounts for 70 per cent of adult cases of Cushing's syndrome and affects mainly women of childbearing age. The pathology, cause, and clinical and laboratory features of the disease are discussed. The initial step in diagnosis is documentation of endogenous hypercortisolism, which is followed by identification of the cause. Selective transsphenoidal resection of ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas is the initial treatment of choice. The roles of radiotherapy and medical therapy are discussed.
663 Regulations and enforcement in off-highway vehicle parks is associated with safer riding behaviours

Background Previous studies showed that Iowa all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crash victims from off-highway vehicle (OHV) parks practiced safer riding behaviours than off-road crash victims outside the parks. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of regulations and enforcement on the prevalence of safety behaviours among Iowa OHV park users. Methods From May to September of 2014, motion-activated cameras captured photos of users at the entrances of Iowa’s eight OHV parks. Riders were coded by vehicle type, estimated age, sex, and safety behaviours. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 6,718 vehicles and 9,083 riders were analysed. Among OHV park users, 44% were on ATVs, 51% on dirt bikes and 5% on side-by-sides (SxSs). Helmet use was 94% overall. Just 6% of single-rider ATVs and 0.8% of dirt bikes had passengers. While only 11% of park users on ATVs were Conclusions Regulated safety behaviours (helmet use and riding without passengers) were highly common among OHV park users. However, unregulated behaviours (SxS restraint use and children driving youth-sized ATVs only) had lower compliance. Moreover, regulated safety behaviours were significantly increased when the parks were patrolled. This study shows that a combination of regulation and enforcement is effective in ensuring safety behaviour compliance in OHV parks. Similar efforts outside parks could have a substantial effect on decreasing off-road vehicle-related deaths and injuries.