cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Journey in Holistic Growth

New ways of learning are necessary for novices who desire to mature in holistic knowledge and educational methods. The purpose of this article is to share an experience in holistic growth, gained through an academic exercise. Students in a nontraditional nursing course titled “Women, Witches, and Healing” were asked to describe “What it means to be a woman (or man) in your world.” The exercise, done spontaneously at the end of an all-day seminar, yielded impressive responses. Using qualitative methods, the responses were compiled into single writings. Because of the small number of men (4) only the writings from the women were useful. The writings from the women (26) were revised several times before acceptable by all. The final composition is a tribute not only to those women but also to all of us who desire to be more than our usual roles suggest.
Conceptual Design of a Positively Engaged Continuously Variable Transmission

Previous research and publications at Brigham Young University have established the new positive engagement continuously variable transmission (PECVT) family of continuously variable transmissions (CVTs). Various embodiments of PECVTs have been identified and surveyed; resulting in the identification of the behavior termed the non-integer tooth problem. Additional research has been conducted to further explore the non-integer tooth problem and identify a feasible solution to the problem through the use of a product development method. This publication will address the conceptual design phase of the product development process for a PECVT. This will include: the identification of the operating conditions of a PECVT, i.e. further detail of the non-integer tooth problem, identification of required characteristics for a solution, design specifications, concept generation, concept evaluation, and concept selection. The conceptual design phase will result in a conceptual solution which will satisfy the identified characteristic requirement and designs specifications.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
‘This is my venture!’ The effect of psychological ownership on intention to reenter entrepreneurship

This paper examines why some individuals who started their ventures before would continue to pursue a subsequent entrepreneurial opportunity. I adopt the psychological ownership perspective and argue that some entrepreneurs reentered entrepreneurship after prior business exit because of their psychological ownership feelings for their prior ventures. Employing an online experiment with 104 entrepreneurs, affiliated with the entrepreneurship centers at two universities in the East Coast of the USA, I found that psychological ownership positively related to intention to reenter entrepreneurship. More importantly, this relationship was strengthened by the entrepreneur's prevention focus orientation.
Probabilistic Streamflow Generation Model for Data Sparse Arid Watersheds

: The authors present a model that generates streamflow for ephemeral arid streams. The model consists of a stochastic hourly precipitation point process model and a conceptual model that transforms precipitation into flow. It was applied to the Santa Cruz River at the border crossing from Mexico into Southern Arizona. The model was constructed for four different seasons and three categories of inter-annual variability for the wet seasons of summer and winter. The drainage area is ungauged and precipitation information was inferred from a precipitation gauge downstream. The precipitation gauge record was evaluated against simulated precipitation from a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, and was found to be the representative of the regional precipitation variability. The flow generation was found to reproduce the variability in the observed record at the daily, seasonal and annual time scales, and it is suitable for use in planning studies for the study site.
Scalable quantum computation with photons and trapped ions

Ultrafast laser pulses can be used for fast quantum gates and entangling gates offering an alternative method to scale quantum computing systems. We implement fundamental components of these entangling gates.
Abortion 1980: Battleground for reproductive rights

Abstract Our country is in turmoil over the question of abortion. The growing anti-abortion, Right To Life movement views the fetus as a person from the moment of conception, and regards abortion as murder. This movement has caused the cut-off of all federal and most state funding for abortions. Their goal is to make all abortion illegal in the United States. The abortion rights or Pro-Choice movement sees the decision of whether to have an abortion as a democratic right which must not be controlled by the state, church, or a political party. The Pro-Choice movement is organizing to keep abortion safe and legal. This article presents a history of abortion and an update on abortion legislation and the current situation. It analyzes the contended forces, and develops an overall context in which to view the struggle. Nurse-midwives are urged to take a strong stand in favor of abortion rights.
Convex Optimization Strategies for Coordinating Large-Scale Robot Formations

This paper investigates convex optimization strategies for coordinating a large-scale team of fully actuated mobile robots. Our primary motivation is both algorithm scalability as well as real-time performance. To accomplish this, we employ a formal definition from shape analysis for formation representation and repose the motion planning problem to one of changing (or maintaining) the shape of the formation. We then show that optimal solutions, minimizing either the total distance or minimax distance the nodes must travel, can be achieved through second-order cone programming techniques. We further prove a theoretical complexity for the shape problem of O(m1.5) as well as O(m) complexity in practice, where m denotes the number of robots in the shape configuration. Solutions for large-scale teams (1000's of robots) can be calculated in real time on a standard desktop PC. Extensions integrating both workspace and vehicle motion constraints are also presented with similar complexity bounds. We expect these results can be generalized for additional motion planning tasks, and will prove useful for improving the performance and extending the mission lives of large-scale robot formations as well as mobile ad hoc networks.
Year of immigration and socioeconomic status: a comparative study of three Asian populations in California.

This study is the first attempt to search for the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and year of immigration among Asian populations in the United States for the purpose of examining the feasibility of the ‘late arrival hypothesis’ that late arrival accounts for one's low socioeconomic status at the place of destination. In order to discuss additionally how differences in socioeconomic characteristics among Asian ethnic groups occur, Japanese were selected as an early immigrated Asian population, Korean as an intermediately immigrated one, and Vietnamese as a late immigrant. The data for this study are from the 5 percent public use sample of the 1980 Census of Population for the State of California.
Self-Relevant Scenarios as an Indirect Means of Attitude Change

Two experiments with college students are reported that examined the effects of imagining detailed scenarios depicting events happening to self. Experiment I established that students who read and imagined a scenario depicting their involvement in an automobile accident had elevated expectancies for the occurrence of an automobile accident, compared with control condition students. Experiment 2 extended the effects of imagined scenarios to include cognitions tangential to those directly depicted in the scenario. Subjects who imagined having automobile accidents were found, in a separate context minimizing demand characteristics, to be more favorably disposed toward legislation related to traffic safety (e.g., requiring motorists to wear seat belts). The results are discussed in relation to research on attitudes.
X-ray images of small blood vessels in angiography: Question of isoplanatism

The basic theory of x‐ray image formation of blood vessels, which is related to isoplanatism, is discussed. The x‐ray intensity distributions of the blood vessel images are derived first for the actual case, which gives ‘‘correct’’ x‐ray images obtained by the ray‐tracing method. Secondly, as an approximation of the actual case, the image distributions are derived by the convolution method, which corresponds to an isoplanatic case. It is concluded that, under practical conditions, x‐ray images of blood vessels are given approximately by a convolution integral of the object distribution, that is, the input x‐ray pattern of the vessel exposed with a parallel x‐ray beam, with the line spread function of geometric unsharpness. Therefore, this theory provides support for the experimental procedure commonly used in obtaining blood vessel images, and for the validity of applying in angiography the concept of the line spread function and the modulation transfer function of geometric unsharpness.
Embedded space-time coding for wireless broadcast

An embedded space-time coding method is proposed for wireless broadcast applications. In the proposed system, a transmitter sends out multi-layer source signals by encoding different layers with different space-time codes. Then, the receiver can retrieve different amount of information depending on the number of antennas. The receiver with only one antenna can decode only the base layer information with a low complexity, while the receiver with more antennas can retrieve more layers of information. We derive an analytic bound on the error probability, and show both analytic and experimental results in this work.
Methods and media for the isolation and cultivation of Listeria monocytogenes from various foods

Many methods and media currently exist for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes. However, the suitability of any specific method or media is influenced by the purpose of the analysis and the type of food being analyzed. Food which are likely to contain high populations of contaminating microorganisms require highly selective media for enumeration. Moreover, media which contain indicator systems are also helpful in distinguishing L. monocytogenes colonies. In contrast, less selective media may be adequate for less contaminated foods.
Super-matrix methods

Abstract Iterative methods for finding a few eigenvalues of very large matrices are reviewed. Some suggestions are given for strategies which should be tried.
Self-Monitoring and Self-Administered Overcorrection The Modification of Nervous Tics in Children

The relative contribution of self-monitoring and competing response practice to the effectiveness of the Azrin and Nunn (1973, 1977) habit-reversal procedure was investigated in two children exhibi...
Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND An effect of fatty acids has been implicated in men with advanced-stage prostate carcinoma and in men who have died of the disease. To evaluate the influence of fatty acids in men with prostate carcinoma at earlier stages, the authors examined the relation between prostatic concentrations of fatty acids and locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ-confined disease. METHODS Fatty acids were measured by capillary gas chromatography in fresh, nonmalignant prostate tissue specimens collected during surgery from 196 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. Two-sided, two-sample Student t tests compared mean concentrations in men with extraprostatic disease (pT3–4N0–1M0) with control men with organ-confined disease. Logistic regression accounted for clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen level, Gleason sum, and other factors. RESULTS Percent total prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found to be inversely associated with risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma (n = 52) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.87–0.99; P = 0.035). Risk of seminal vesicle involvement accounted for this association (OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.78–0.95; P = 0.003). Percent ω-3 fatty acid (eicosapentanoic + docosahexanoic acids) and percent arachidonic acid also were found to be inversely related to the risk of seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.30–0.90; P = 0.02; and OR = 0.84, 95% CI,; 0.75–0.95; P = 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Prostatic PUFA levels appear to influence the risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ-confined disease. This association may be mediated through the immune system. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Global analysis of cell cycle gene expression of the legume symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

In α-proteobacteria, strict regulation of cell cycle progression is necessary for the specific cellular differentiation required for adaptation to diverse environmental niches. The symbiotic lifestyle of Sinorhizobium meliloti requires a drastic cellular differentiation that includes genome amplification. To achieve polyploidy, the S. meliloti cell cycle program must be altered to uncouple DNA replication from cell division. In the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, cell cycle-regulated transcription plays an important role in the control of cell cycle progression but this has not been demonstrated in other α-proteobacteria. Here we describe a robust method for synchronizing cell growth that enabled global analysis of S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated gene expression. This analysis identified 462 genes with cell cycle-regulated transcripts, including several key cell cycle regulators, and genes involved in motility, attachment, and cell division. Only 28% of the 462 S. meliloti cell cycle-regulated genes were also transcriptionally cell cycle-regulated in C. crescentus. Furthermore, CtrA- and DnaA-binding motif analysis revealed little overlap between the cell cycle-dependent regulons of CtrA and DnaA in S. meliloti and C. crescentus. The predicted S. meliloti cell cycle regulon of CtrA, but not that of DnaA, was strongly conserved in more closely related α-proteobacteria with similar ecological niches as S. meliloti, suggesting that the CtrA cell cycle regulatory network may control functions of central importance to the specific lifestyles of α-proteobacteria.
Compliance Control and Stability Analysis of Cooperating Robot manipulators

The work presented here is the description of the control strategy of two cooperating robots. A two–finger hand is an example of such a System. The control method allows for position control of the contact point by one of the robots while the other robot controls the contact force. The stability analysis of two robot manipulators has been investigated using unstructured models for dynamic behavior of robot manipulators. For the stability of two robots, there must be some initial compliance in either robot. The initial compliance in the robots can be obtained by a non-zero sensitivity function for the tracking controller or a passive compliant element such as an RCC.
CARD11 mediates factor-specific activation of NF-κB by the T cell receptor complex

NF‐κB is a critical target of signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, but how TCR signaling activates NF‐κB is poorly understood. We have developed an expression cloning strategy that can identify catalytic and noncatalytic molecules that participate in different pathways of NF‐κB activation. Screening of a mouse thymus cDNA library yielded CARD11, a membrane‐associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family member containing CARD, PDZ, SH3 and GUK domains. Using a CARD‐deleted variant of CARD11 and RNA interference (RNAi), we demonstrate that CARD11 mediates NF‐κB activation by αCD3/αCD28 cross‐linking and PMA/ionomycin treatment, but not by TNFα or dsRNA. CARD11 is not required for TCR‐mediated induction of NFAT or AP‐1. CARD11 functions upstream of the IκB‐kinase (IKK) complex and cooperates with Bcl10 in a CARD domain‐dependent manner. RNAi‐rescue experiments suggest that the CARD, coiled‐coil, SH3 and GUK domains of CARD11 are critical for its signaling function. These results implicate CARD11 in factor‐ specific activation of NF‐κB by the TCR complex and establish a role for a MAGUK family member in antigen receptor signaling.
In vitro translatability of RNP-particles from insect eggs and embryos (Smittia spec., Chironomidae, Diptera)

Maternal messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP)-particles from eggs and mRNP-particles from embryos of the chironomid midge Smittia spec. were compared with respect to translatability in a mRNA-dependent cell-free translation system. The reticulocyte lysate system used was almost not stimulated by addition of native cytoplasmic mRNP-particles from both eggs and embryos. RNP-particles from embryos were fully translatable after partial release of proteins by high-salt treatment. However, complete removal of proteins was necessary for translation of mRNP-particles from eggs. Maternal mRNP-particles of eggs consist of salt-resistant RNP-core proteins, which repressed translatability of the associated mRNA. The data support the hypothesis of “masked” maternal mRNA in insect embryos.
Hyperbranched Polymers via RAFT Copolymerization of an Acryloyl Trithiocarbonate

Hyperbranched copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and styrene were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in the presence of a novel acryloyl trithiocarbonate, namely 1-[3-(2-methyl-2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionyloxy)propyl]-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-ylmethyl acrylate. By employing an example of ‘click chemistry’, we were able to prepare the vinyl RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) by copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an azido-functionalized trithiocarbonate and propargyl acrylate. The resulting CTA facilitated the preparation of highly branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and polystyrene. Interestingly, the branched PNIPAM demonstrated a reduced lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 25°C as opposed to the conventional value of 32°C expected for linear PNIPAM, an effect attributed to increased contribution of hydrophobic dodecyl trithiocarbonate end groups.
What needs to change: Goals for clinical and social management and research in the next 60 years

While substantial progress over the past 60 years has enabled a greater proportion of persons with epilepsy (PWE) to live without seizures and treatment-related side effects, numerous challenges in the diagnosis, treatment and social management of epilepsy remain to be solved over the next 60 years so that no person with epilepsy is limited by any aspect of the condition. This achievement is within our reach, but will require professional and lay epilepsy organisations to work closely together to ensure that clinical, scientific and sociological advances are made and applied to the medical and social management of epilepsy.
Detection of deoxyadenosine-4-aminobiphenyl adduct in DNA of human uroepithelial cells treated with N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl following nuclease P1 enrichment and 32P-postlabeling analysis.

To characterize the DNA adducts in human uroepithelial cells (HUC) exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl and its proximate N-hydroxy metabolites, we used 32 P-postlabeling analyses following butanol extraction of the DNA hydrolysates. Using this method, we identified N-(deoxyguanosin-3',5'-bisphospho-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (pdGp-ABP) as a major adduct and N-(deoxyadenosin-3',5'-bisphospho-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (pdAp-ABP) as a minor adduct in an immortalized non-tumorigenic cell line of HUC following exposure to N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP). Towards characterization of pdAp-ABP, we postlabeled the synthetic N-(deoxyadenosin-3'-phospho-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dAp-ABP) adduct to generate pdAp-ABP and determined its chromatographic (TLC and HPLC) properties and sensitivity to nuclease P1 digestion. In contrast to pdGp-ABP, which was cleaved to the corresponding 5'-monophosphate by nuclease P1, the pdAp-ABP adduct was unaffected when incubated with nuclease P1 under similar conditions. To test whether nuclease P1 digestion could be adopted for enrichment of the dAp-ABP adduct in HUC samples, postlabeling analyses were carried out after butanol extraction following nuclease P1 digestion of the DNA hydrolysate. Under these conditions, the pdAp-ABP adduct was detected in DNA from HUC E7 cells treated with N-OH-ABP and in calf thymus DNA reacted with N-OH-ABP under acidic (pH 5.0) conditions. These data indicate that pdGp-ABP and pdAp-ABP adducts are generated in HUC E7 on treatment with N-OH-ABP and that nuclease P1 enrichment may provide a method for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the pdAp-ABP adduct in DNA
Existence results for coupled nonlinear systems approximating the rotating MHD flow over a rotating sphere near the equator

We study a coupled nonlinear system of differential equation approximating the rotating MHD flow over a rotating sphere near the equator. In particular, using the Schauder fixed point theorem, we are able to establish existence of solutions. Other results on similar systems show that the question of existence in not obvious and, hence, that the present results are useful. Indeed, the work of McLeod in the 1970s shows some nonexistence results for similar problems. From here, we are also able to discuss some of the features of the obtained solutions. The observed behaviors of the solutions agree well with the numerical simulations present in the literature.
Vasopressin increases water permeability by inducing pores

Vasopressin is thought to increase the water permeability of the luminal membrane of distal urinary epithelia either by enhancing the solubility or diffusion of water in the lipid phase1 or by inducing aqueous pores2. Measurement of the permeability to water and small solutes in different experimental conditions should allow the distinction between these two modes of water transport1–9, but because of technical difficulties (for instance the effect of unstirred layers3–6) or conceptual problems (in the case of activation energy measurements7–9) the interpretation of many of these methods is in question. We present here a new approach to this problem using proton conductance of the membrane as a probe for the presence of aqueous channels. Protons travel in free solution by jumping from one water molecule to another10. If vasopressin induces aqueous pores, it should also increase proton permeability, as protons will be able to jump from a water molecule in the bulk solution to another in the pore. However, if vasopressin changes water permeability by increasing membrane fluidity the proton conductance should not increase as the dielectric constant of even very fluid lipids is low, leading to extremely low solubility of ions in the lipid11. We found that vasopressin increased the proton permeability of the luminal membrane of the toad urinary bladder and conclude that this hormone increases water permeability by inducing aqueous pores rather than by increasing lipid fluidity. Proton conductance may be of use in determining the existence and properties of other aqueous channels.
A simple fluid mechanical model for planar flow casting melt-spinning

A math model for melt-spinning based on a two-dimensional steady-state condition has been developed. Because of the complexity of the processes involved, the solution of the full governing nonlinear partial differential equations and boundary conditions is not sought. Instead, the problem is analyzed using a control volume approach. In this approach, overall conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy are satisfied for each of the zones into which the flow field can be conveniently subdivided. The zones are the reservoir, the nozzle, the liquid pool, and the solidified thin metal sheet. The conservation laws can be solved to yield the thickness of the sheet with the reservoir pressure, the ambient pressure, the nozzle/drum gap, the drum speed, and the geometry as input parameters. Because the model contains all the essential parameters, it can be used to optimize operation of the process or its dependence on any of the geometric or physical parameters.
Laminar natural-convection flow transitions in tilted three-dimensional longitudinal rectangular enclosures

Abstract Numerical finite-difference calculations have been carried out to determine laminar flow transition and heat transfer characteristics in tilted three-dimensional rectangular differentially-heated longitudinal enclosures. The tilt angle at which heat transfer attains a local minimum corresponds to the transition from multicell to unicell flow structures. Numerical results have been found to agree very well with existing experimental data and observations. Simulation calculations have also been made to determine the effect of the lateral walls and it is found that the close proximity between the walls restrict flow development in that direction, thus reducing the overall heat transfer across the enclosure.
The Dollars and Sense of Continuing Education

Lifetime earnings of a high school graduate of $150 000 can be increased to $725 000 with a doctorate. Continued study is required to ?stand still? with an engineering half life of ten years. These points, among others, point to the value of investment in continued education.
Translationally invariant spectral function for /sup 6/Li

A spectral energy function for the most tightly bound protons in the /sup 6/Li ground state is calculated. A highly collective, or correlated motion wave function utilizing the translationally invariant hyperspherical harmonic formalism is used rather than an independent particle shell model wave function. A local energy approximation is made resulting in a calculated full width at half maximum of 10 MeV for the spectral function. The mean removal energy calculated is 21 MeV. These numbers generally agree with experimentally deduced values.
Safety and efficacy of endoscopic mucosal therapy with radiofrequency ablation for patients with neoplastic Barrett's esophagus.

Background & Aims The goal of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) is to eliminate dysplasia and metaplasia. The efficacy and safety of RFA for patients with BE and neoplasia are characterized incompletely. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 244 patients treated with RFA for BE with dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. Efficacy outcomes were complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CEIM), complete eradication of dysplasia, total treatments, and RFA sessions. Safety outcomes included death, perforation, stricture, bleeding, and hospitalization. We identified factors associated with incomplete EIM and stricture formation. Results CEIM was achieved in 80% of patients, and complete eradication of dysplasia was achieved in 87%; disease progressed in 4 patients. A higher percentage of patients with incomplete EIM were female (40%) than those with CEIM (20%; P = .045); patients with incomplete EIM also had a longer segment of BE (5.5 vs 4.0 cm; P = .03), had incomplete healing between treatment sessions (45% vs 15%; P = 0.004), and underwent more treatment sessions (4 vs 3; P = .007). Incomplete healing was associated independently with incomplete EIM. Twenty-three patients (9.4%) had a treatment-related complication during 777 treatment sessions (3.0%), including strictures (8.2%), postprocedural hemorrhages (1.6%), and hospitalizations (1.6%). Patients who developed strictures were more likely to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs than those without strictures (70% vs 45%; P = .04), have undergone antireflux surgery (15% vs 3%; P = .04), or had erosive esophagitis (35% vs 12%; P = .01). Conclusions RFA is highly effective and safe for treatment of BE with dysplasia or early stage cancer. Strictures were the most common complications. Incomplete healing between treatment sessions was associated with incomplete EIM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, prior antireflux surgery, and a history of erosive esophagitis predicted stricture formation.
Mammalian collagen IV.

Four decades have passed since the first discovery of collagen IV by Kefalides in 1966. Since then collagen IV has been investigated extensively by a large number of research laboratories around the world. Advances in molecular genetics have resulted in identification of six evolutionary related mammalian genes encoding six different polypeptide chains of collagen IV. The genes are differentially expressed during the embryonic development, providing different tissues with specific collagen IV networks each having unique biochemical properties. Newly translated α-chains interact and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum in a chain-specific fashion and form unique heterotrimers. Unlike most collagens, type IV collagen is an exclusive member of the basement membranes and through a complex inter- and intramolecular interactions form supramolecular networks that influence cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Collagen IV is directly involved in a number of genetic and acquired disease such as Alport's and Goodpasture's syndromes. Recent discoveries have also highlighted a new and direct role for collagen IV in the development of rare genetic diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage and porencephaly in infants and hemorrhagic stroke in adults. Years of intensive investigations have resulted in a vast body of information about the structure, function, and biology of collagen IV. In this review article, we will summarize essential findings on the structural and functional relationships of different collagen IV chains and their roles in health and disease.
Influence of explicit Phaeocystis parameterizations on the global distribution of marine dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a biogenic organosulfur compound which contributes strongly to marine aerosol mass and the determination of cloud condensation nuclei over the remote oceans. Since uncertainties in DMS flux to the atmosphere lead to large variations in climate forcing, the global DMS distribution has been the subject of increasingly complex dynamic simulations. DMS concentrations are directly controlled by marine ecosystems. Phaeocystis is a major DMS producer but is often omitted from global reduced sulfur mechanisms. Here we incorporate this phytoplankton group into the marine ecosystem-biogeochemical module of the Community Earth System Model. To examine its role in the ocean sulfur cycle, an earlier DMS model has been enhanced to include new knowledge gained over the last few years. Results from the baseline run show that simulated Phaeocystis biomass generally agrees with observations, with high concentrations near the Antarctic continent and between 50° and 60° north. Given the new explicit Phaeocystis representation, the DMS distribution shows significant improvements, especially regarding the amplitude and location of high-latitude peaks. The simulated global mean surface DMS value is 2.26 nM, comparable to an estimate of 2.34 nM from the latest climatology extrapolated based on observations. The total oceanic DMS source to the atmosphere is 20.4 Tg S/yr, on the low side of previous estimates. Comparisons with and without Phaeocystis show that the group dominates DMS distributions in temperate and cold waters, contributing 13% of the global flux. The proportion may increase as sea ice declines and should be considered in climate projections.
ClusterMap: labeling clusters in large datasets via visualization

With the rapid increase of data in many areas, clustering on large datasets has become an important problem in data analysis. Since cluster analysis is a highly iterative process, cluster analysis on large datasets prefers short iteration on a relatively small representative set. Thus, a two-phase framework "sampling/summarization - iterative cluster analysis" is often applied in practice. Since the clustering result only labels the small representative set, there are problems with extending the result to the entire large dataset, which are almost ignored by the traditional clustering research. This extending is often named as labeling process. Labeling irregular shaped clusters, distinguishing outliers and extending cluster boundary are the main problems in this stage. We address these problems and propose a visualization-based approach to dealing with them precisely. This approach partially involves human into the process of defining and refining the structure "ClusterMap". Based on this structure, the ClusterMap algorithm scans the large dataset to adapt the boundary extension and generate the cluster labels for the entire dataset. Experimental result shows that ClusterMap can preserve cluster quality considerably with low computational cost, compared to the distance-comparison-based labeling algorithms.
Mining Semantics Structures from Syntactic Structures in Web Document Corpora

The Web is making possible many advanced text-mining applications, such as news summarization, essay grading, question answering, semantic search and structured queries on corpora of Web documents. For many of such applications, statistical text-mining techniques are of limited effectiveness since they do not utilize the morphological structure of the text. On the other hand, many approaches use NLP-based techniques that parse the text into parse trees, and then use patterns to mine and analyze parse trees which are often unnecessarily complex. To reduce this complexity and ease the entire process of text mining, we propose a weighted-graph representation of text, called TextGraphs, which captures the grammatical and semantic relations between words and terms in the text. TextGraphs are generated using a new text mining framework which is the main focus of this paper. Our framework, SemScape, uses a statistical parser to generate few of the most probable parse trees for each sentence and employs a novel two-step pattern-based technique to extract from parse trees candidate terms and their grammatical relations. Moreover, SemScape resolves coreferences by a novel technique, generates domain-specific TextGraphs by consulting ontologies, and provides a SPARQL-like query language and an optimized engine for semantically querying and mining TextGraphs.
Low-power FinFET circuit synthesis using multiple supply and threshold voltages

According to Moore's law, the number of transistors in a chip doubles every 18 months. The increased transistor-count leads to increased power density. Thus, in modern circuits, power efficiency is a central determinant of circuit efficiency. With scaling, leakage power accounts for an increasingly larger portion of the total power consumption in deep submicron technologies (>40p).FinFET technology has been proposed as a promising alternative to deep submicron bulk CMOS technology, because of its better scalability, short-channel characteristics, and ability to suppress leakage current and mitigate device-to-device variability when compared to bulk CMOS. The subthreshold slope of a FinFET is approximately 60mV which is close to ideal.In this article, we propose a methodology for low-power FinFET based circuit synthesis. A mechanism called TCMS (Threshold Control through Multiple Supply Voltages) was previously proposed for improving the power efficiency of FinFET based global interconnects. We propose a significant generalization of TCMS to the design of any logic circuit. This scheme represents a significant divergence from the conventional multiple supply voltage schemes considered in the past. It also obviates the need for voltage level-converters. We employ accurate delay and power estimates using table look-up methods based on HSPICE simulations for supply voltage and threshold voltage optimization. Experimental results demonstrate that TCMS can provide power savings of 67.6p and device area savings of 65.2p under relaxed delay constraints. Two other variants of TCMS are also proposed that yield similar benefits. We compare our scheme to extended cluster voltage scaling (ECVS), a popular dual-Vdd scheme presented in the literature. ECVS makes use of voltage level-converters. Even when it is assumed that these level-converters have zero delay, thus significantly favoring ECVS in time-constrained power optimization, TCMS still outperforms ECVS.
CEO Mobility and the CEO-Firm Match: Evidence from CEO Employment History

We use data on the employment histories of CEOs to examine the relation between the CEO’s labor-market mobility and the CEO-firm match. Mobile CEOs match with firms that exhibit poor performance, face revenue shocks, and offer risk-sensitive compensation. At these firms, mobile CEOs increase shareholder value, improve operating performance, increase performance volatility, increase idiosyncratic equity risk, and alter asset structure. Our results suggest that mobile CEOs are fundamentally different from stationary CEOs and that the board recognizes these differences ex ante. The firm’s needs and the CEO’s attributes influence the CEO-firm match, and this match influences firm value and strategy.
Evidence for a quantitative trait locus affecting low levels of apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein on chromosome 10 in Caucasian families

High plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) and LDL cholesterol levels increase cardiovascular disease risk. These highly correlated measures may be partially controlled by common genetic polymorphisms. To identify chromosomal regionsthatcontain genes causing low plasmalevelsofone or bothparametersinCaucasianfamiliesascertainedforfamilial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), we conducted a whole- genome scan using 443 microsatellite markers typed in nine multigenerational families with at least two members with FHBL. Both variance components and regression-based link- age methods were used to identify regions of interest. Com- mon linkage regions were identified for both measures on chromosomes 10q25.1-10q26.11 (maximum log of the odds (LOD) 5 4.2 for LDL and 3.5 for apoB) and 6q24.3 (maxi- mum LOD 5 1.46 for LDL and 1.84 for apoB). There was also evidence for linkage to apoB on chromosome 13q13.2 (LOD 5 1.97) and to LDL on chromosome 3p14.1 at 94 cen- timorgan (LOD 5 1.52). Bivariate linkage analysis provided further evidence for loci contributing to both traits (6q24.3, LOD 5 1.43; 10q25.1, LOD 5 1.74). We evaluated single nu- cleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes within our linkage regions to identify variants associated with apoB or LDL levels. The most significant finding was for rs2277205 in the 5¶ untranslated region of acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase short/branched chain and LDL (P 5 10 27 ). Three additional SNPs were associated with apoB and/or LDL (P , 0.01). Although only the linkage signal on chromosome 10 reached genome-wide statistical significance, there are likely multiple chromosomal regions with variants that contributeto low levels of apoB and LDL and that may protect against coronary heart disease.—Sherva, R., P. Yue, G. Schonfeld, and R. J. Neuman. Evidence for a quantitative trait locus affecting low levels of apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein on chromosome 10 in Caucasian families. J. Lipid Res. 2007. 48: 2632-2639.
Closed-Loop Charged Relative Motion Experiments Simulating Constrained Orbital Motion

Coulomb spacecraft actively control their potential through continuous charge emission, generating inter-spacecraft electrostatic forces for formation control. This paper presents experimental results of autonomous relative motion control with Coulomb forces. Tests are performed in a terrestrial environment without resorting to expensive vacuum or plasma chambers. A simple charge feedback control algorithm is successfully implemented, yielding the first experimental closed-loop charged relative motion results. The results demonstrate how the one-dimensional test track mimics the constrained spacecraft orbital motion along the orbit radial, along-track, or out-of-plane directions. These dynamic systems are replicated by either leveling the test track or adding a small tilt to bias the relative motion in one direction. The relative motion is controlled by the dominant Coulomb forces even in the presence of induced bias and unknown perturbations. This paper quantifies primary disturbances and highlights the suitability of the vacuum force model to atmospheric force generation.
The effect of low-dose conjugated equine estrogens and cyclic MPA on bone density

Abstract Objective: to compare the effect of 0.3 and 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens on bone mineral density (BMD) in a private practice setting. Methods: postmenopausal women interested in hormone replacement therapy were prescribed either 0.3 or 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens daily with 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate days 1–12 of the month. All women were given calcium citrate 1000 mg/day and vitamin D 400 IU/day. DEXA bone mineral density studies of the spine and hip were performed at baseline and 1 year. Results: there was no significant difference in BMD at the spine, the trochanter or the femoral neck compared with baseline in either the 0.625 or 0.3 mg group. The mean percent increase in BMD for the 0.3 versus 0.625 mg group was: spine 2.6 versus 3.8%, femoral neck 1.8 versus 1.5%, and trochanter 0.5 versus 2.6%. Conclusion: both the 0.625 mg dose and the 0.3 mg dose of conjugated equine estrogens preserved BMD at the spine and hip over one year in early postmenopausal women who were also given cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate, calcium citrate and vitamin D.
Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) for electrical conductivity imaging

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) is a recently introduced method for imaging electrical conductivity properties of biological tissue with high spatial resolution close to sonography. In MAT-MI the sample resides in a static magnetic field and a time-varying magnetic stimulation is applied to the sample volume. Through the action of the Lorentz force, the magnetically induced eddy current in the conductive sample causes particle vibrations and generates detectable ultrasound waves. The acoustic signal is then measured around the object to reconstruct images that are related to the object electrical conductivity distribution. The feasibility to reconstruct high spatial resolution conductivity images using MAT-MI method has been demonstrated by both computer simulation and experimental studies. Though MAT-MI technique is still in its developing stage, all the pilot studies suggest that it has potential to become a noninvasive imaging modality for high spatial resolution conductivity imaging of biological tissue and merits further investigations. This paper reviews MAT-MI about its basic theory, reconstruction algorithms and experiment studies. Some technical issues and future research directions are discussed.
On distributed fault-tolerant detection in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we consider two important problems for distributed fault-tolerant detection in wireless sensor networks: 1) how to address both the noise-related measurement error and sensor fault simultaneously in fault-tolerant detection and 2) how to choose a proper neighborhood size n for a sensor node in fault correction such that the energy could be conserved. We propose a fault-tolerant detection scheme that explicitly introduces the sensor fault probability into the optimal event detection process. We mathematically show that the optimal detection error decreases exponentially with the increase of the neighborhood size. Experiments with both Bayesian and Neyman-Pearson approaches in simulated sensor networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve better detection and better balance between detection accuracy and energy usage. Our work makes it possible to perform energy-efficient fault-tolerant detection in a wireless sensor network.
English in the Thai linguistic netscape: English in the Thai linguistic netscape

ABSTRACT: Previous work on the role of English in multilingual advertising has shown that the language is used to index concepts of cosmopolitanism, globalization and modernity. The growing field of linguistic landscape studies (or geosemiotics or semiotic landscapes) has combined sociolinguistics with concerns of place and space in the public sphere to demonstrate the functional and symbolic uses of English in a variety of public discourses. This paper builds on Huebner's study of public signage and English in Bangkok by expanding the landscape covered to include Thai online newspapers, which have increased in numbers of publications and viewership. Approaching these web sites as spaces in the public sphere that engage millions of Thai Internet users reveals the multilingual character of this online environment. The results show that Thai website advertising often favors the use of English over other languages in interesting and perhaps surprising fashion.
A system to optimize inline defect detection using short loop testchips leading to faster yield learning

With every new manufacturing node also come new modes of failures. Being able to identify these new fail modes and solve them quickly is the key to bring a manufacturing process to mass production readiness. Inline inspection is typically used for studying defects at critical layers. However, this is often limited by the amount of defects that can be visually inspected and to be able to qualify them between killer and false defects. We describe a powerful methodology combining electrical measurements from CV® testchips and inline inspection to make efficient usage of limited inline inspection resources and be able to identify new defect types that will eventually cause yield loss. This methodology can also be used to optimize inline inspection recipes and apply to production wafers.
Evidence that Poly(A) Binding Protein C1 Binds Nuclear Pre-mRNA Poly(A) Tails

In mammalian cells, poly(A) binding protein C1 (PABP C1) has well-known roles in mRNA translation and decay in the cytoplasm. However, PABPC1 also shuttles in and out of the nucleus, and its nuclear function is unknown. Here, we show that PABPC1, like the major nuclear poly(A) binding protein PABPN1, associates with nuclear pre-mRNAs that are polyadenylated and intron containing. PABPC1 does not bind nonpolyadenylated histone mRNA, indicating that the interaction of PABPC1 with pre-mRNA requires a poly(A) tail. Consistent with this conclusion, UV cross-linking results obtained using intact cells reveal that PABPC1 binds directly to pre-mRNA poly(A) tails in vivo. We also show that PABPC1 immunopurifies with poly(A) polymerase, suggesting that PABPC1 is acquired by polyadenylated transcripts during poly(A) tail synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that PABPC1 associates with polyadenylated transcripts earlier in mammalian mRNA biogenesis than previously thought and offer insights into the mechanism by which PABPC1 is recruited to newly synthesized poly(A). Our results are discussed in the context of pre-mRNA processing and stability and mRNA trafficking and the pioneer round of translation.