cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study

Objective: Longevity fails to account for health and functional status during aging. We sought to quantify differences in years of total life, years of healthy life, and years of able life among groups defined by age, sex, and race. Design: Primary analysis of a cohort study. Setting: 18 years of annual evaluations in four U.S. communities. Participants: 5888 men and women aged 65 and older. Measurements: Years of life were calculated as the time from enrollment to death or 18 years. Years of total, healthy, and able life were determined from self-report during annual or semi-annual contacts. Cumulative years were summed across each of the age and sex groups. Results: White women had the best outcomes for all three measures, followed by white men, non-white women, and non-white men. For example, at the mean age of 73, a white female participant could expect 12.9 years of life, 8.9 of healthy life and 9.5 of able life, while a non-white female could expect 12.6, 7.0, and 8.0 years, respectively. A white male could expect 11.2, 8.1, and 8.9 years of life, healthy life, and able life, and a non-white male 10.3, 6.2, and 7.9 years. Regardless of starting age, individuals of the same race and sex groups spent similar amounts (not proportions) of time in an unhealthy or unable state. Conclusion: Gender had a greater effect on longevity than did race, but race had a greater effect on years spent healthy or able. The mean number of years spent in an unable or sick state was surprisingly independent of the lifespan.
Does epigenetics play a role in human asthma

Asthma and other allergic diseases are among the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases of childhood. According to the World Health Organization, asthma affects >7.0 million children under 18 in the United States, with an economic burden that is estimated to exceed that of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS combined. Despite much research, the natural history of asthma and its pathogenesis are still in many ways elusive. This review discusses our current understanding of the role epigenetic processes play in asthma pathogenesis, focusing on genome-wide, population-based studies.
The Veterans Administration athletic program.

(1947). The Veterans Administration Athletic Program. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 368-423.
Predictors of New Onset Sleep Medication and Treatment Utilization Among Older Adults in the United States

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances are common among older adults resulting in frequent sleep medication utilization, though these drugs are associated with a number of risks. We examine rates and predictors of new prescription sleep medications and sleep treatments, as well as sleep treatments without a doctor's recommendation. METHODS: Participants were 8,417 adults aged 50 and older from two waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who were not using a sleep medication or treatment at baseline (2006). Logistic regression analyses are run with sociodemographic, health, and mental health factors as predictors of three outcomes: new prescription medication use, sleep treatment use, and sleep treatment out of a doctor's recommendation in 2010. RESULTS: New sleep medication prescriptions were started by 7.68%, 12.62% started using a new sleep treatment, and 31.93% were using the treatment outside of their doctor's recommendation. Common predictors included greater severity of insomnia, worsening insomnia, older age, and use of psychiatric medications. New prescription medication use was also associated with poorer mental and physical health, whereas new sleep treatment was associated with being White, higher educated, and drinking less alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Starting a new prescription sleep medication may reflect poorer health and higher health care utilization, whereas beginning a sleep treatment may reflect an individual's awareness of treatments and determination to treat their problem. Clinicians should be aware of predictors of new sleep medication and treatment users and discuss various forms of treatment or behavioral changes to help patients best manage sleep disturbance. Language: en
An evaluation of shock-capturing methods on a hypersonic boundary layer receptivity problem

Understanding of transition of hypersonic boundary layers is critical for future development of re-entry vehicles. The receptivity of such a boundary layer to external flow disturbances is not well understood, particularly when the surface has finite-sized roughness. In this work, we explore the use of shock capturing for study of hypersonic boundary layer receptivity. In such problems, the interaction of the low-amplitude disturbances with shock structures may not be properly accounted for due to the localized dissipation inherent in the method. Previously-developed previously-developed WENO-based third- and fifth order shock capturing methods are applied to a receptivity problem, the Mach 4.5 flow past a flat plate with a sharp leading edge. This problem has been studied previously with a high-order shock fitting scheme. The shock-fitted solution is used to evaluate shock capturing schemes in terms of accuracy, eciency and stability. Also, the significance of the leading edge singularity will be studied, which was not possible with a shock fitting method.
Recognizing Drinking Water Pipes as Community Health Hazards

On this Earth Day, let us begin to recognize that aging water infrastructure, particularly lead pipes, solder, and faucets, represents a community health hazard of enduring significance. Causes of the crisis in Flint, Michigan, are discussed, but such scenarios could take place in thousands of similar communities. Recommendations are offered to the public as taxpayers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and to chemical educators and water engineers. Old water infrastructure needs maintenance, repair, and replacement, and funds should be established now to accomplish the task.
Influence of repated testing and of starting poition in kinesthetic aftereffect

-The purposes of this experiment on kinesthetic aftereffects were to de~ermine whether test (T ) trials inserted between inspection ( I ) periods affected the magnitude of effect and to examine the influence of wedge starting position on single judgment and cumulative effect on averaged judgments using the method of average error. 60 experimental Ss had 1-min. I periods separated by rests or by T trials. A control group had T trials without I periods. Each S had 4 trials per test period and started each trial at a different wedge position (A, B, C, or D ) . Starting position order was varied within groups (ADCB, BADC, CDAB, or DABC). Results indicate: (a ) T trials may decrease aftereffect; ( b ) starting position highly influences single PSE choice; and (c) effects of starting position are not a simple function of starting position per trial since the impact of each start is modified by the first in a series. Therefore, averaging settings made on the basis of starting positions above and below POE does not eliminate the bias created by the initial starting position.
Situational Factors and the Defense’s Framing of Banking Innocence in the Linde et al. v. Arab Bank, PLC Cases

This chapter shows that between 2004 and 2014 representatives of the Arab Bank case adopted the conservative political stance that positioned the Arab Bank as a mo derating force in the Middle East that opposed radical Palestinian terrorism and followed “routine” global banking practices. The author in this chapter contends that while the Arab Bank was willing to explain that some Saudis were willing to send money to help the “martyrs” who died during Israeli-Palestinian struggles in the Middle East, the Bank argued that it did not condone the dispersal of payments to known terrorists.
Craniotomy Is Over for Basilar Artery Aneurysms

Posterior circulation aneurysms constitute 15 % of all intracranial aneurysms. They are found in 3–5 % of the general population. Between 50 and 80 % of these aneurysms are located in the basilar artery. Basilar artery aneurysms can be divided into basilar apex, basilar trunk, and vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms. The deep location of basilar artery aneurysms makes the surgical management of these aneurysms challenging, often requiring significant brain retraction, complex skull approaches, and temporary arterial occlusion that may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Endovascular therapy has evolved dramatically to become a mainstay in the treatment of these aneurysms. In this chapter, we present the current trends of endovascular management of basilar artery aneurysms, from traditional coiling to the most recent application of neck reconstruction devices.
“This is the First Time I’ve Done This”: Exploring secondary prospective mathematics teachers’ noticing of students’ mathematical thinking

This mixed methods study investigates the ways in which secondary mathematics prospective teachers acquire skills needed to attend to, interpret, and respond to students’ mathematical thinking and the ways in which their perceived strengths and weaknesses influence their skills when this type of formalized training is not part of their program. These skills (attending, interpreting, and responding) are defined as teachers’ professional noticing of students’ thinking. Results indicate that seniors respond to students’ thinking in significantly different ways from juniors and sophomores. Converging the data highlighted inconsistencies in how participants’ were making sense of students’ mathematical thinking, as well as in participants’ self-identified strengths and weaknesses.
Improving heart failure care by using a telemedicine system

Heart failure constitutes the most frequent and expensive hospital discharge diagnosis in the United States, costing annually over $10 billion. Optimal care requires an understanding of their illness, participating in clinical decisions, and frequent communication. Current surveillance is labor intensive and expensive. Follow-up is often inadequate, incomplete, and inconsistent. To address these problems, we developed an Internet-based telemedicine system, consisting of a secure server and database. Patients send or receive data to or from their care provider via the Internet. The system optimizes function and minimizes cost (all hardware is off the shelf and FDA approved). This paper describes our initial experience with this system. We are currently using this telemedicine system in a prospective, randomized clinical trial, comparing Class III or IV heart failure patients with standard care versus standard care plus telemedicine.
Differential Phosphorylation of FANCA and FANCG Determines Response of Fanconi Anemia Core Complex to DNA Damage and S Phase.

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease marked by bone marrow failure, congenital defects, and cancer. In spite of the identification of at least 8 genes, the biochemistry of the disease and its normal pathway in the cell remains elusive. The FA core complex is composed of at least 5 proteins, 2 of which, FANCA and FANCG, we have shown to be phosphorylated. In these studies, we show that both FANCA and FANCG are phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. In the case of FANCG, we have mapped the site of this phosphorylation to serine 7, using a phosphoserine 7 FANCG antiserum. Because of the link of FA function and the FA core complex-dependent monoubiquitination that occurs both as a result of DNA damage as well as at S phase, we also examined if phosphorylation occurred at S phase as well. While FANCG serine 7 phosphorylation occurs both at S phase and after DNA damage (similar to FANCD2 monoubiquitination), FANCA phosphorylation occurs only after DNA damage. Recent data have implicated the kinase ATR as important in the pathway. In order to assess whether a downstream target of ATR is differentially phosphorylated in FA cells, we tested the phosphorylation status of chk1 in FA-A mutant and corrected cells. Chk1 kinase is phosphorylated at serine 318 in response to DNA damage only in corrected cells but not mutant FA cells, while signaling through chk2 kinase is unaffected. These data suggest the importance of phosphorylation in the FA pathway in the regulation of both cellular responses to DNA damage as well as engagement of the cell cycle.
Gerhart Hauptmann. Sieben Reden gehalten zu seinem Gedächtnis, hrsg. v. Hans von Hülsen.Felix A. Voigt, Gerhart Hauptmann der SchlesierFelix A. Voigt und Walter A. Reichart,Hauptmann und Shakespeare.: Goslar: Verlag Deutsche Volksbücherei, 1947. Pp. 101.Goslar: Verlag Deutsche Volksbücherei, 1947. Pp. 87.Goslar: Verlag Deutsche Volksbücherei, zweite neubearbeitete Auflage, 1947. Pp. 152.

(1948). Gerhart Hauptmann. Sieben Reden gehalten zu seinem Gedachtnis, hrsg. v. Hans von Hulsen.Felix A. Voigt, Gerhart Hauptmann der SchlesierFelix A. Voigt und Walter A. Reichart,Hauptmann und Shakespeare.. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 65-67.
Critique [of Ethnicity and Empowerment: Implications for Psychological Training in the 1980s by Linda M.C. Abbott]

The United States has a poor record in meeting the mental health needs of its minority populations. By focusing on individual pathology and relying on the white male as norm, practitioners have provided an ethnocentric and ineffective means of treating their culturally diverse clients. No longer can mental health problems be regarded only in terms of disabling mental illnesses and identified psychiatric disorders. They must also embody harm to mental health linked with perpetual poverty and unemployment and the institutionalized discrimination that happens on the basis of race or ethnicity, age, sex, social class, and mental or physical handicap. In its report, the President9s Commission on Mental Health indicated that mental health services and programs must focus on the diversity of groups in U.S. society and satisfy the groups in terms of their special needs.
Ranunculaceae of the Western Ukraine. І. Identification key

In these paper the identification key for Ranunculaceae of Lviv, Transcarpathian (Zakarpattia), Rivne, Volhynia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Ternopil and Khmelnitsk regions (oblasts) is introduced. The key includes 102 species. It is based on contemporary investigations on taxonomy of the family Ranunculaceae. The key is carried out up to the level of species but in some cases there are short remarks about subspecific structure of selected taxa. Also it is supported by short notes about distribution, ornamental usage and protection of represented species.
Lattice-ordered Permutation Groups: The Structure Theory

This survey of lattice-ordered permutation groups focuses especially on their structure theory and on their relation to unordered infinite permutation groups. However, the survey is essentially self-contained. The reader will need only a little familiarity with unordered permutation groups, and none at all with lattice-ordered groups.
Learning to love data (week): Creating data services awareness on campus

In May 2017, The Economist ran a cover story titled “The world’s most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data.” Given the continued growth in the sourcing, curating, and storing of data for academic research, it seems the academy would agree. In response to this growing need at Seton Hall, a midsized research university, the Seton Hall University (SHU) Libraries conducted an assessment of the current and emerging data requirements of the researchers and students on campus.
Organic Molecules in Photonics, Cancer Phototherapy, and Neurophotonics

Abstract A review is given on the use and applications of organic molecules in high-performance liquid and solid-state organic tunable lasers, cancer phototherapy, laser isotope separation, microscopy, and neurophotonics. An introduction to miniaturized electrically excited integrated interferometric emitters, using organic semiconductor gain media, is also included.
In search for an alternative to sugar to reduce obesity.

Abstract. Consumption of table sugar has been increasing despite the warnings of public health officials as to the potential adverse consequences of sugar consumption. The World Health Organization...
Deposition of β-Polyfluorene by Resonant Infrared Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation

Emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) was used to deposit thin films of polyfluorene (PFO) with semi-crystalline phase domains (β-PFO), which has been performed, previously, only by solution phase processing. Various target emulsion recipes were studied, with emphasis on the primary solvent choice, emulsion mixing time, secondary solvent concentration, or total water concentration. The emulsified particle size for each recipe was compared using dynamic light scattering. Additionally, elevated growth temperature of the substrate was considered for controlling film formation. The surface quality of films was determined by atomic force microscopy, and β-PFO concentration was monitored using photoluminescence or UV–visible absorbance spectroscopy. Importantly, in contrast to solution-based deposition of β-PFO in thin films, emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE demonstrated the ability to increase β-PFO content without degrading, simultaneously, the surface properties of the films. This initial result helps establish the ability of RIR-MAPLE to control and promote semi-crystalline phases in polymer films.
Who Is the Soldier? Documenting American “Grunts” from Dispatches to Restrepo

This article compares the ways Michael Herr in Dispatches (1977) and Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger in Restrepo (2010) represent American soldiers in the context of military professionalization following the establishment of the AVF. These works are seminal landmarks of the grunt's-eye-view genre, but they produce the average soldier's subjectivity and identity very differently and, in turn, foster different relationships between their American audiences and this figure. Herr, I argue, represents the “grunts” of Vietnam as we all while Restrepo’s directors portray the Army platoon in Afghanistan as a collective who?. I show how the subtle aesthetic changes to documenting the average infantryman reflect and enforce the logics of professionalization as well as the intensifying distance between the American public and those who fight America's wars.
Single-Agent Thalidomide for Treatment of Malignant Paraganglioma of the Organ of Zuckerkandl

The standard of care for benign pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas is surgical resection; however, there is no definitive curative or standard therapy for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas. Current therapeutic options include surgical resection, chemotherapy (CVD therapy), MIBG-radiotherapy, somatostatin analogues, and combination targeted therapies such as temozolomide and thalidomide. Although some patients demonstrate short-lived responses to these various therapies, there has been no statistically significant survival benefit with any of the current regimens and therefore the aim is palliation and symptom control. Here, we present a 38-year-old man found to have an unresectable metastatic paraganglioma located in the Organ of Zuckerkandl who has been treated with single-agent thalidomide for over 15 years with minimal growth and stabilization of metastatic lesions. The management of our patient with single-agent therapy for this extended period of time challenges the efficacy and role of chemotherapy and other accepted therapies for malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.
Will the real revised standard theory please stand up

Abstract A revision of the Standard Theory of generative phonology to express phonologically the unity of the word instead of the unity of the morpheme will have a two-fold benefit: it will resolve an internal conflict in the theory of generative grammar, and it will allow generative phonology to predict phonological identification—something it cannot do in its unrevised form.
Measuring Analyte Desorption using a Surfactant Hydrodynamic Retardation Effect Detector

A common issue in biomicrofluidic systems is that fluidic channels may become contaminated when ampiphilic molecules adsorb to the hydrophobic channel walls. Desorption rates are often measured using optical methods, many of which require a chromophore or a fluorophore label. This paper describes label-free desorption measurements using a drop frequency sensor (DFS), a microfluidic sensor reported recently by our group. The DFS is based on a surfactant retardation effect which measures the drag of surface-active agents on microdroplets generated in a tee junction. We measure desorption curves of Tween, a small molecule surfactant, from the walls of a polydimethylsiloxane channels. Typical desorption times increase with Tween concentration, ranging from 45 to 324 seconds at Tween concentrations between 10 and 1000 ppm. The limit of detection is 10 ppm.
Sublimation Kinetics for Individual Graphite and Graphene Nanoparticles (NPs): NP-to-NP Variations and Evolving Structure-Kinetics and Structure-Emissivity Relationships

A single nanoparticle (NP) mass spectrometry method was used to measure sublimation rates as a function of nanoparticle temperature (TNP) for sets of individual graphite and graphene NPs. Initially, the NP sublimation rates were ∼400 times faster than those for bulk graphite, and there were large NP-to-NP variations. Over time, the rates slowed substantially, though they remained well above the bulk rate. The initial activation energies (Ea values) were correspondingly low and doubled, as a few monolayers worth of material was sublimed from the surfaces. The high initial rates and low Ea values are attributed to large numbers of edge, defect, and other low coordination sites on the NP surfaces, and the changes are attributed to atomic-scale "smoothing" of the surface by preferential sublimation of the less stable sites. The emissivity of the NPs also changed after heating, more frequently increasing. The emissivity and sublimation rates were anticorrelated, leading to the conclusion that high densities of low-coordination sites on the NP surfaces enhance sublimation but suppress emissivity.
Creating higher-order topological phases using synthetic dimensions in dynamically modulated ring resonators

Higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs), originating from quantized quadrupole and octupole moments, have attracted significant interest since they support boundary states that are two or more dimensions lower than their bulk. However, previous HOTIs have been restricted to real-space dimensions. Here we construct photonic HOTIs using synthetic dimensions, comprising frequency modes of dynamically modulated rings. We show how quadrupole and octupole HOTIs supporting topologically protected corner modes emerge in a lattice of modulated photonic molecules and predict a dynamical topological phase transition in this system. Additionally, we propose a quantized hexadecapole (16-pole) insulator by leveraging synthetic dimensions to create a 4D hypercubic lattice that cannot be realized in real space.
Leveraging Social Networks of Black Women in Beauty Salons to Improve Uptake of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess social networks among Black women and beauty salons to see whether these could be leveraged to increase the awareness, knowledge and uptake of pre-...
Correction to: Prescribing Patterns and Impact of Factors Associated with Time to Initial Biologic Therapy among Children with Non-systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

The aim of this study was to examine patterns of initial prescriptions, investigate time to initiation of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and evaluate the impact of clinical and other baseline factors associated with the time to first bDMARD in treating children with newly diagnosed non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Using longitudinal patient-level data extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) in a large Midwestern pediatric hospital from 2009 to 2018, the initial prescriptions and prescribing patterns of bDMARDs, conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids within 3 months of JIA diagnosis were examined. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess time to initiation of bDMARDs. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors associated with time to first bDMARD. Of 821 children, the proportion of patients with initial csDMARDs increased from 45.3% in 2009 to 60.3% in 2018. Around 57.5% of polyarthritis rheumatoid factor-positive (Poly RF+) patients and 43.2% of polyarthritis rheumatoid factor-negative (Poly RF−) patients received a bDMARD therapy within 3 months of diagnosis, 14.4% as monotherapy and 28.3% in combination with a csDMARD. Among patients who received combination therapy, combination of methotrexate with adalimumab increased from 16.7% in 2009 to 40% in 2018. The proportion of patients treated with adalimumab gradually increased and passed etanercept in 2016. The predictors of earlier initiation of biologic therapy were JIA category enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) [hazard ratio (HR) vs persistent oligoarthritis 4.82; p < 0.0001], psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (HR 2.46; p = 0.0002), or Poly RF− (HR 2.43; p = 0.0002); the number of joints with limited range of motion (HR 1.02; p = 0.0222), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, HR 1.01; p = 0.0033). There was a substantial increase in the proportion of patients receiving the combination of methotrexate and adalimumab among patients receiving combination therapy. Adalimumab overtook etanercept as the most frequently prescribed bDMARD. Multiple factors affect the time to biologic initiation, including the number of joints with limited range of motion, ESR, and JIA category.
Electrochemical Battery State Estimation Under Parameter Uncertainty Caused by Aging Using Expansion Measurements

Accurate tracking of the internal electrochemical states of lithium-ion battery during cycling enables advanced battery management systems to operate the battery safely and maintain high performance while minimizing battery degradation. To this end, techniques based on voltage measurement have shown promise for estimating the lithium surface concentration of active material particles, which is an important state for avoiding aging mechanisms such as lithium plating. However, methods relying on voltage often lead to large estimation errors when the model parameters change during aging. In this paper, we utilize the in-situ measurement of the battery expansion to augment the voltage and develop an observer to estimate the lithium surface concentration distribution in each electrode particle. We demonstrate that the addition of the expansion signal enables us to correct the negative electrode concentration states in addition to the positive electrode. As a result, compared to a voltage only observer, the proposed observer can successfully recover the surface concentration when the electrodes' stoichiometric window changes, which is a common occurrence under aging by loss of lithium inventory. With a 5% shift in the electrodes' stoichiometric window, the results indicate a reduction in state estimation error for the negative electrode surface concentration. Under this simulated aged condition, the voltage based observer had 9.3% error as compared to the proposed voltage and expansion observer which had 0.1% error in negative electrode surface concentration.
Single-nuclei RNA sequencing uncovers non-cell autonomous changes in cerebellar astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that may contribute to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) pathogenesis

pinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the gene Ataxin1 (ATXN1). While mutant ATXN1 is expressed throughout the brain, SCA1 is characterized by severe degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and cerebellar gliosis. It is likely that cerebellar microenvironment and in particular glial cells contribute to the Purkinje cell specific vulnerability in SCA1. We have used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) to uncover effects of mutant ATXN1 on PCs gene expression changes as well as non-cell autonomous changes in glial cells transcriptomes in cerebella of Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q] mice, a transgenic SCA1 mouse model expressing mutant ATXN1 only in PCs cells
Temperature effects on growth of fungal symbionts of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis

Abstract Differences in temperature ranges and optima among poikilothermic partners in symbioses can have profound effects on their interactions and stability. In this study, we investigated how the two mutualist mycangial fungi (Ceratocystiopsis brevicomi and Entomocorticium sp. B) associated with the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis, respond to temperature in vitro. Little variability in growth rate at the various temperatures tested occurred among isolates of C. brevicomi either within or among sites. In contrast, E. sp. B exhibited highly variable responses to mid-range temperatures among sites and within some sites, and, unlike C. brevicomi, grew not at all or only very poorly at the highest and lowest temperatures tested. This variability affected both optimal temperature and maximum growth rate. The high variability in response to some temperatures among isolates of E. sp. B in some populations indicates that the ability to capture spatial and nutritional resources can vary greatly within this species which may have considerable impact on the outcome of both inter- and intra-specific competition among the fungi within trees and the short- and long-term dynamics of the fungi with the host beetle.
Abstract MP88: Fetuin-A, a Vascular Biomarker of Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Objectives: The contribution of vascular disease to neurocognitive decline is now widely recognized. Fetuin-A is an abundant plasma protein known to predict vascular disease. Prior studies have shown that fetuin-A levels are lower in patients with Alzheimer’s disease in direct proportion to the severity of cognitive impairment; however, their association with normal cognitive aging is unknown. We evaluated the association of serum fetuin-A levels with cognitive function in relatively high-functioning, community-dwelling older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study. Methods: This is a population-based study of 1382 older adults (median age 75) who had plasma fetuin-A levels and cognitive function evaluated in 1992-96; 855 had repeat cognitive function assessment a median of 4 years later. Results: Adjusting for age, sex, education, and depression, higher levels of fetuin-A were associated with better baseline performance on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) (P=0.012) and a tendency for better Trails Making B scores (P=0.066). In longitudinal analyses, the likelihood of a major decline (highest decile of change) in Trails B was 29% lower (P=0.010) for each SD higher baseline fetuin-A level; odds of major decline in MMSE was 42% lower (P=0.005) per SD higher fetuin-A for individuals with no known CVD, but were not related to fetuin-A in those with CVD (P=0.33). Fetuin-A was not related to Category Fluency performance. Results did not vary by sex and were not explained by numerous vascular risk factors and comorbidities. Conclusions: Higher plasma fetuin-A concentrations are associated with better performance on tests of global cognitive function and executive function and with reduced likelihood of major decline in these cognitive abilities over a 4-year period. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that higher fetuin-A protects against cognitive decline in relatively high functioning older adults, although this may be less apparent in those with established vascular disease. Fetuin-A may serve as a biological link between vascular disease and normal age-related cognitive decline.
Enhancement of spontaneous emission rate in nitrides by resonant surface plasmon coupling

Summary form only given. The spontaneous emission (SE) rate of a system may be modified by altering the photon density of states (P-DOS) and the local strength of the electromagnetic modes. The P-DOS and the SE rate can also be modified when emitters are coupled to a surface plasmon (SP) of a metallic film. A single QW (SQW) can experience strong quantum electrodynamical coupling to a SP mode if placed within the SP fringing field penetration depth. The photoluminescence (PL) decay rate from a photoexcited QW is related to the SE rate. A broad PL peak is observed from the unsilvered InGaN SQW at 2.75 eV, along with smaller peaks at 3.2 eV and 3.4 eV from the InGaN reference layer and the GaN buffer layer, respectively.
Branding New York: How a City in Crisis Was Sold to the World

Introduction: New York, Capital of the 1970s. Prologue: From the Standpoint of the Out-of-Towner 1. Branding and the Neoliberal City Part 1: From Image Crisis to Fiscal Crisis: 1964-1974 2. It's a Small World After All: The Rise of New York Media the End of Boosterism 3. Style & Power: the Common Sense of New York Magazine 4. Selling the City in Crisis: "Big Apple" and the Invention of the Public Private Partnership Part 2: The Battle to Brand New York: 1975-1985 5. Welcome to Fear City 6. The Limits of Branding: From 'Big Apple' to the 'Summer of Sam' 7. Purging New York through I(c) NY 8. Conclusion: The Legacy of the 1970s 9. New York City as a Symbol of Neoliberalism. Epilogue: Re-Branding New York after the World Trade Center
Distribution system reliability in a deregulated environment: a case study

The deregulation and restructuring of the electric utility industry promise to transform the delivery of power and energy services. A number of new distributed generated technologies are currently available offering a combination of performance and flexibility. Distributed generation is favored particularly because of increased energy efficiency and reduced emission. These distributed generation technologies may offer improved service reliability and better economies from the customer's viewpoint, whereas, from the utilities point of view, the economic benefit needs to be balanced against safety and operational concerns. In this paper, distributed generation system reliability is evaluated to have balancing reliability and cost benefits using industrial reliability software, distributed industrial system reliability evaluation algorithm (DISREL) for validation of the reliability assessment module and tested on a 32-bus distribution system and simulated for various case studies. The distribution system reliability is evaluated based on various reliability indices.
Television viewing associated with adverse dietary outcomes in children ages 2–6

The aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence for the association between television viewing and diet in children ages 2-6. Data sources included PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, ERIC, SportDISCUS, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and hand searches of reference lists of relevant articles. Twelve studies were reviewed in which the relationship between television viewing and diet was assessed in children between the ages of two and six. All but one study reported significant relationship between television viewing time and adverse dietary outcomes. Parent-reported television viewing time was used to assay child television viewing in all included studies. Food frequency survey was the most frequent method of dietary assessment, and parent served as proxies for children in all studies. Lower fruit and/or vegetable intake was the most frequently reported dietary outcome, followed by increased energy intake with increased television viewing. The majority of studies reported adverse dietary outcomes with as little as 1 hours of daily television exposure. While these results are consistent with recommendations from child health advocates to limit television viewing in young children, they also suggest that further efforts to limit television viewing in young children may be needed to aid in obesity prevention.
Electrophysiological evaluation of dementia.

Publisher Summary Electroencephalography (EEG) has enabled physicians to assess noninvasively the function of the central nervous system (CNS) in living patients. Over the years, it has proved valuable in the evaluation of patients with either diffuse or focal disturbances of cerebral function. However, with the advent of advanced imaging techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and, more recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the role of the EEG in the diagnosis of focal cerebral disease such as tumors, abscesses, strokes, and trauma has been completely overshadowed, because of the remarkably accurate structural information that the imaging techniques provide about the CNS. The chapter highlights that EEG methods detect electrical signals arising in real time from the brain; it provides physicians with information, albeit somewhat imprecise, about the functional state of the nervous system that cannot be obtained by imaging techniques. Thus, even though functional (f) MRI has made impressive strides in the study of cerebral function, the superior time-resolution of EEG still provides an important advantage compared to these other techniques.
Invariants in Kµ3 and Ke3 Decays

A discussion is given of the K/sub mu 3/ and K/sub e3/ decay modes, making use of the invariance properties of the theory, under the general hypothesis of parity nonconservation and lepton nonconservation. The assumption of local interaction between the final fermions is examined in detail. Detection of a possible updown asymmetry, with respect to the K/sub mu 3/ decay plane, of the electrons from the subsequent mu decay is suggested as a possible test of time reversal. (auth)
Regulation of the Cell Cycle in Eukaryotic Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter examines several models and mechanisms that are proposed to describe the regulation of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. It discusses how cell growth is coordinated with cell division and how entry into S phase is controlled in cycling cells. The chapter also describes the ways that the cell cycle is slowed down or arrested in quiescent cell populations. It focuses on the regulation of the mammalian cell cycle. Studies with yeast are discussed; they contribute to the interpretation of data concerning the mammalian cell cycle. The mitotic cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can vary from seventy-five minutes to nine hours depending on the cell strain and the culture conditions. For a given cell strain, the G1 interval between nuclear division and initiation of DNA synthesis is quite variable in length. The minimum length of G1 is difficult to measure precisely, but several experiments indicate that it is less than 10–12 minutes.
High Temperature Strength of Co-based γ/γ' Superalloys

The high temperature strength of new Co-Al-W based alloys consisting of a ?-Co (fcc) matrix phase and a high volume fraction of ?'-Co3(Al, W) ternary L12 intermetallic compound has been examined in order to understand the strengthening mechanisms and to explore the possibility for high temperature applications. The flow stress exhibits a strong, positive dependence on temperature above 873 K. Additions of Ta improve the high temperature strength, and the strength of a Ta containing alloy is comparable to Ni-base superalloys at 1173 K. Transmission microscopy on the deformed Ta containing alloy revealed that the active slip modes within the ?' precipitates are {111} and {111} below and above the peak temperature, respectively. At the peak flow temperature, multiple slip modes including {111}, {001} and {111} were observed.
CAM use among overweight and obese persons with radiographic knee osteoarthritis

Background: Obesity is associated with knee pain and is an independent predictor of incident knee osteoarthritis (OA); increased pain with movement often leads patients to adopt sedentary lifestyles to avoid pain. Detailed descriptions of pain management strategies by body mass index (BMI) level among OA patients are lacking. The objectives were to describe complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and conventional medication use by BMI level and identify correlates of CAM use by BMI level. Methods: Using Osteoarthritis Initiative baseline data, 2,675 patients with radiographic tibiofemoral OA in at least one knee were identified. Use of CAM therapies and conventional medications was determined by interviewers. Potential correlates included SF-12, CES-D, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score quality of life. Multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors provided estimates of the association between BMI levels and treatment use; binary logistic regression identified correlates of CAM use. Results: BMI was inversely associated with CAM use (45% users had BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 ; 54% had BMI <25 kg/m 2 ), but positively associated with conventional medication use (54% users had BMI ≥35 kg/m 2 ; 35.1% had BMI <25 kg/m 2 ). Those with BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 were less likely to use CAM alone or in combination with conventional medications when compared to patients with BMI <25 kg/m 2 . Conclusions: CAM use is common among people with knee OA but is inversely associated with BMI. Understanding ways to further symptom management in OA among overweight and obese patients is warranted.
Mapping peptide-binding domains of the substance P (NK-1) receptor from P388D1 cells with photolabile agonists

The tachykinin substance P (SP) is a peptide transmitter of primary afferents. Its actions on both central and peripheral targets are mediated by a G-protein-coupled receptor of known primary structure. To identify contact sites between the undecapeptide SP and its receptor, we prepared radiolabeled photoreactive analogs of SP (H-RPKPQQFFGLM-NH2) by replacing amino acids in the peptide with p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (BPA). SP, BPA3-SP, and BPA8-SP bind with high affinity (Kd < 3 nM) to SP receptors on the murine cell line P388D1, triggering intracellular calcium responses. Both binding and calcium responses are blocked by the specific SP receptor antagonist CP-96345. On photolysis, radioiodinated BPA3-SP, and BPA8-SP covalently label a heterogeneously glycosylated protein of about 75 kDa; labeling is abolished by excess unlabeled SP or CP-96345. The labeled receptors were digested with V8 protease and/or trypsin, and the resulting fragments were analyzed by electrophoresis, high pressure liquid chromatography, and chemical or enzymatic modification. BPA3-SP and BPA8-SP photo-incorporate into different regions of the murine SP receptor. The results establish that the third and the eighth positions of SP, respectively, interact with the NH2-terminal extracellular tail (residues 1-21) and second extracellular loop (residues 173-183) of the SP receptor. A model for the agonist peptide-binding sites of the SP receptor is proposed based on photoaffinity labeling and mutagenesis studies.
Fault-tolerant and energy efficient cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, fault-tolerant and energy efficiency are two important topics. Some link failure may happen during data transmission and some threat can come from compromised nodes, which might relay incorrect information (packet) to the next node during routing. In this paper, we propose a Fault-tolerant and Energy Efficient Multipath-routing (FEEM) scheme aided with channel coding and interleaver, which is a cross-layer design approach. For multipath selection, we propose an Energy and Mobility-aware Geographical Multipath Routing (EM-GMR) scheme, which is based on Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) considering the remaining battery capacity, mobility and distance to the destination node. Simulation results show that our EM-GMR scheme can extend the network lifetime longer than the original geographical routing scheme which only considers distance to the destination location and this scheme can reduce the frame loss rate and link failure rate since mobility is considered. We demonstrate that even if certain paths have failure or are compromised, our FEEM scheme is still able to recover the transmitted message from failure with very low Bit Error Rate (BER) and Frame Error Rate (FER).
A mutation in the Proteosomal Regulatory Particle AAA-ATPase-3 in Arabidopsis impairs the light-specific hypocotyl elongation response elicited by a glutamate receptor agonist, BMAA.

BMAA is a cycad-derived glutamate receptor agonist that causes a two- to three-fold increase in hypocotyl elongation on Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the light. To probe the role of plant glutamate receptors and their downstream mediators, we utilized a previously described genetic screen to identify a novel, BMAA insensitive morphology (bim) mutant, bim409. The normal BMAA-induced hypocotyl elongation response observed on wild-type seedlings grown in the light is impaired in the bim409 mutant. This BMAA-induced phenotype is light-specific, as the bim409 mutant exhibits normal hypocotyl elongation in etiolated (dark grown) plants (+ or − BMAA). The mutation in bim409 was identified to be in a gene encoding the Proteosomal Regulatory Particle AAA-ATPase-3 (RPT3). Possible roles of the proteosome in Glu-mediated signaling in plants is discussed.
Overview of NRC funded NDE research at US Pacific Northwest laboratory

Abstract There are currently several major nondestructive examination (NDE) related programs in progress at PNL which are supported by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Three of these programs are Integration of NDE and Fracture Mechanics, Development of Real-Time SAFT-UT System for the Inservice Inspection of LWRs, and Acoustic Emission-Flaw Relationships for Inservice Monitoring of Nuclear Reactor Pressure Boundaries. This paper presents an overview of each program and highlights significant accomplishments.
Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Properties in Alabama-Grown Blackberries During Fruit Maturation

Abstract Changes in fruit quality attributes and antioxidative properties from six cultivars of thornless blackberries (Rubus sp.) (‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester’, ‘Loch Ness’, ‘Navaho’, and ‘Triple Crown’) during four different ripening stages (red, motded, shiny-black, and dull-black) were determined under Alabama growing conditions. Berry fruit samples were evaluated for pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, TSS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, vitamin C (reduced, oxidized, and total) and antioxidant capacity (measured as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC). Significant variation among cultivars and maturity of harvest were in fruit quality attributes and antioxidative properties found. An increase in fruit pH concomitant with a decline in titratable acidity (TA) was observed during ripening for all cultivars. Total soluble solids (TSS) values increased from 5.7 to 11.6%, and TSS/TA ratio ranged from 11.9 to 63.6. Highest reducing and total sugar content were contained in dull-black fruit. V...
Tumor Variation in Families With Breast Cancer

This study documents types of malignant neoplasms found in members of 34 families who were selected for investigation because of their having two or more members affected with breast cancer. The data indicate that the members of some families with familial breast cancer have a relatively high predisposition for cancer of the colon, while the members of other families with familial breast cancer show relatively high predispositions, respectively, for gastric, ovarian, and endometrial carcinoma, and some for a complex of brain tumors, sarcoma, and leukemia. The observations are consistent with concepts of multiple causes involving the interactions of different genetic and environmental factors that structure different patterns of tumor association and predisposition.