cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intratracheal Administration of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Elicits Pulmonary Hypertension in Broilers with Primed Airways

Broilers reared under commercial conditions inhale irritant gases and aerosolized particulates contaminated with gram-negative bacteria and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies demonstrated that i.v. injections of LPS can trigger an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP); however, the pulmonary hemodynamic response to aerosolized LPS entering via the most common route, the respiratory tract, had not been evaluated in broilers. In experiment 1, broilers reared on new wood shavings litter in clean environmental chambers either were not pretreated (control group) or were pretreated via aerosol inhalation of substances (food color dyes and propylene glycol) known to sensitize the airways. One day later, the broilers were anesthetized, catheterized to record the PAP, and an intratracheal aerosol spray of LPS (1 mL of 2 mg/mL of LPS) was administered. Broilers in the control group as well as broilers pretreated with aerosolized distilled water or yellow and blue food color dyes did not develop pulmonary hypertension (PH; an increase in PAP) after the intratracheal spray of LPS, whereas broilers that had been pretreated with red food color did develop PH in response to intratracheal LPS. In experiment 2, birds raised under commercial conditions on used wood shavings litter developed PH in response to intratracheal LPS regardless of whether they had been pretreated with aerosolized red food color dye. In experiment 3, broilers reared in clean environmental chambers on new wood shavings litter were used to demonstrate that Red Dye #3 and propylene glycol are capable of priming the responsiveness of the airways to a subsequent intratracheal LPS challenge. Common air contaminants such as LPS can result in PH leading to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers with appropriately primed airways.
Maaser Kesafim and the Development of Tax Law

This article explores the development of the rules of Maaser Kesafim, the Jewish practice of non-agricultural tithing, and compares the income definition rules found in the halacha to those found in the Internal Revenue Code. The ancient rabbis and those who crafted the Federal tax rules stuggled with similar issues in deciding what should be included in income and what deductions should be allowed. Comparing the two regimes and how they address those issues reveals the extent to which culture and different enforcement mechanisms affect the development of the law.
AN IMPACT ANALYSIS OF A PAEDIATRIC ANTIBIOTIC SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINE

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an organisation wide paediatric antibiotic surgical prophylaxis guideline. Method A before and after study was conducted during the period Jun to Aug 2012 (pre-guideline implementation) and Jun to Dec 2013 (post-guideline implementation) on six surgical wards (two general surgery wards, neurosurgery, urology, intensive care and neonatal surgery). A random sample of ten patients per month were identified by ward pharmacists. The patients9 drug charts, operation records and medical notes were reviewed and data collected using a standardised data collection tool. Data were collected on the patients9 procedure undertaken, prescribed surgical prophylactic antibiotic(s), antibiotic administration time, the number of doses administered and whether an indication for use and duration was specified when the antibiotic was prescribed. The data were reviewed by an antimicrobial pharmacist and medical microbiologist to determine appropriateness of therapy. The data were collated using Microsoft Excel and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results One hundred and forty four patients were reviewed prior to implementation of the guidelines and 171 patients following guideline introduction. Prior to the introduction of the guidelines, an antibiotic indication and duration, respectively, was documented in 93/144 (64.6%) and 77/144 (53.5%) procedures compared with 142/171 (83%) and 102/171 (59.6%) post guideline. The time of antibiotic administration was recorded in 109/144 (75.7%) procedures pre-guideline and 167/171 (97.7%) post guideline. Where the time of administration was recorded, in 104/109 (95.4%) procedures, antibiotics were administered within 60 minutes of incision pre-guideline compared with 126/167 (75.4%) post guideline. The choice of antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis was considered to be appropriate in 93/144 (64.6%) patients pre-guideline and 142/171 (83%) post guideline. The duration of prophylaxis was considered appropriate in 77/144 (53.5%) procedures pre and 103/171 (60%) procedures post guideline. The number of single prophylactic doses prescribed was 32/144 (22.2%) prior to the guidelines compared with 48/171 (28.1%) following guideline introduction. Conclusion An organisation wide antibiotic surgical prophylaxis guideline can have a positive impact on practice. The availability of the guideline has improved choice of antibiotic, duration and over all documentation. Use of multiple doses can be partially explained by complex surgical patients however further work is required to explore the reasons for prolonged surgical prophylaxis in paediatrics as well as optimisation of the choice of therapy. Whilst the evidence for paediatric antibiotic surgical prophylaxis is limited1 this study demonstrated that an improvement in antimicrobial stewardship against national guidance2 can be achieved.
REU site: bio-grid initiatives for interdisciplinary research and education

The Bio-Grid REU (Research Experience for Undergraduates) Site offers undergraduate students to participate in the research activities associated with the Bio-Grid Initiatives conducted at UConn. The initiatives aim at advancing the application of modern computing infrastructures and information technology to research and practice in various life-science disciplines. Training seminars are designed to equip students with preliminary background knowledge such as basic parallel programming skills, large-scale data analytics, and middleware support, etc., as well as some ongoing life-science research projects using these computing methods. Students participate in research activities associated with several collaborative projects supported by a campus-wide computational and data grid. The Site was supported by the national Science Foundation from 08-10 and 12-14.The REU project introduces such interdisciplinary research work to students in the early stage of their academic career to spark their interest. The project aims at preparing future software engineers to formalize and solve emerging life-science problems, as well as life-science researchers with a strong background in high-performance computing.
Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells Identified Before Surgical Resection in Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Patients.

Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be identified in approximately 25% of nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, and data are emerging regarding their prognostic significance. We hypothesized that CTCs identified before resection of the primary tumor would predict worse outcomes in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients. Study Design We performed CTC enumerations on 509 patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer as part of an IRB-approved study. The CTCs (per 7.5 mL blood) were identified using the CellSearch System (Janssen). The presence of ≥1 CTC meeting morphologic criteria for malignancy was considered a positive result. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were applied to establish the association of CTCs with relapse-free and overall survival. Results Median follow-up was 48 months and mean age was 53 years. Fifty-nine percent of patients (299 of 509) had tumors larger than 2 cm, and 46% (234 of 509) had positive lymph nodes. One hundred sixty-six patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before CTC assessment, and 343 patients were chemonaive. One or more CTC was identified in 43 of 166 (26%) NACT treated patients, and in 81 of 343 (24%) chemonaive patients. Circulating tumor cells were not associated with tumor size, grade, or lymph node status (p = NS). Detection of 1 or more CTCs predicted decreased relapse-free (log-rank p Conclusions One or more CTCs identified before resection of the primary breast tumor predicted worse relapse-free and overall survival, irrespective of primary tumor size, grade, or lymph node positivity.
Capabilities, Allocations, and Success in Militarized Disputes and Wars, 1816–1976

This article examines the relationship between the material capabilities of adversaries, their allocation of resources to the military, and the outcomes of wars and militarized disputes, 1815–1976. Using data from the Correlates of War project, the authors compare the military, industrial, and demographic capabilities of the two sides in wars and in militarized disputes involving major powers. They find that an advantage in industrial capabilities is more strongly associated with victory than is an advantage in military or demographic capabilities. Turning to the allocation of resources to the military, the authors consider: (a) the military expenditures of each side in proportion to its industrial capability, and (b) the military personnel as a fraction of the total population. As for the latter, a heavier allocation is associated with victory in war but defeat in disputes. Less ambiguous and more suggestive, a heavier allocation of expenditure to the military is associated with defeat in both wars and in disputes.
Factors governing the fat content of bacteria and the influence of fat on pellicle formation

The study of the fat content of plant and animal cells is a most difficult problem. In the case of bacterial cells this is particularly true; first, because of the difficulty in obtaining large quantities with which to work; and second, because of difficulties in extracting the pure fats from any medium which contains water. The latter becomes a serious obstacle in the fat extraction of bacteria because there is no satisfactory method of drying the organisms without changing the structure and chemical constituents of the cell. For this reason this work was con-
Prevalence and Framing of Health Disparities in Local Print News: Implications for Multilevel Interventions to Address Cancer Inequalities

Background: Americans remain under-informed about cancer and other health disparities and the social determinants of health (SDH). The news media may be contributing to this knowledge deficit, whether by discussing these issues narrowly or ignoring them altogether. Because local media are particularly important in influencing public opinion and support for public policies, this study examines the prevalence and framing of disparities/SDH in local mainstream and ethnic print news. Methods: We conducted a multi-method content analysis of local mainstream (English language) and ethnic (Spanish language) print news in two lower income cities in New England with substantial racial/ethnic minority populations. After establishing intercoder reliability (κ = 0.63–0.88), coders reviewed the primary English and Spanish language newspaper in each city, identifying both disparities and non-disparities health stories published between February 2010 and January 2011. Results: Local print news coverage of cancer and other health disparities was rare. Of 650 health stories published across four newspapers during the one-year study period, only 21 (3.2%) discussed disparities/SDH. Although some stories identified causes of and solutions for disparities, these were often framed in individual (e.g., poor dietary habits) rather than social contextual terms (e.g., lack of food availability/affordability). Cancer and other health stories routinely missed opportunities to discuss disparities/SDH. Conclusion: Local mainstream and ethnic media may be ideal targets for multilevel interventions designed to address cancer and other health inequalities. Impact: By increasing media attention to and framing of health disparities, we may observe important downstream effects on public opinion and support for structural solutions to disparities, particularly at the local level. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(4); 603–12. ©2016 AACR . See all articles in this [ CEBP Focus ][1] section, “Multilevel Approaches to Addressing Cancer Health Disparities.” [1]: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/25/4.toc#CEBPFocus
Genetic analysis of dicofol resistance in two populations of twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New York apple orchards

The genetics of dicofol resistance in two populations of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Cohn [R1] and Lamont [R2]) was studied. In both populations, the inheritance of resistance was consistent with the hypothesis of control by one major, incompletely recessive gene. No extranuclear effects were found but one minor modifying factors appeared to be involved. An allelism study of the R1 and R2 populations revealed that the gene conferring resistance resides at the same locus in each resistant culture, or at two very closely linked loci.
A Revision of the Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosops, Part 1. Species of the Subgenus Sciophanes

ABSTRACT In this report, the first installment of a comprehensive revision of the didelphid marsupial genus Marmosops, we revise the species of the subgenus Sciophanes. Based on morphological character variation among almost 300 examined specimens—which we interpret in the context of a previously published analysis of molecular sequence data—this revision recognizes 12 valid species in three monophyletic species groups: the Parvidens Group (including M. pakaraimae, M. parvidens, and M. pinheiroi), the Fuscatus Group (M. carri, M. fuscatus, M. handleyi, and M. invictus), and the Bishopi Group (M. bishopi, M. juninensis, M. ojastii, and two new species). For each species we summarize information about type material, ecogeographic distribution, and diagnostic morphological characters. Despite our diligent search for relevant material in North and South American museums, the absence of any specimens of Sciophanes from vast Amazonian and Andean landscapes with seemingly suitable habitat suggests that significa...
Emerging trends in surgical and adjuvant radiation therapies among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ.

Background The use of surgery and radiation therapy in treating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is directed by treatment guidelines and evidence from research. This study investigated recent patterns in DCIS treatment by demographic factors. Methods Data for women diagnosed with DCIS between 1998 and 2011 (n = 416,232) in the National Cancer Data Base were assessed for trends in treatment patterns by age group, calendar year, ancestral/ethnic group, and geographic region. The likelihood of receiving specific treatment modalities was analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results DCIS cases were most frequently treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and adjuvant radiation (45.6%). After an initial rise, the use of adjuvant radiation after BCS plateaued at approximately 70% after 2007, with increasing utilization of mastectomy beyond 2005. In addition, there was an increasing trend in postmastectomy reconstruction over time, and women of African ancestry (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.72) and Hispanic women (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.89) were less likely to undergo reconstruction in comparison with women of European ancestry. A similar trend was observed in contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy utilization, with women of European ancestry having a more rapid rise in the utilization of contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy in comparison with all other ancestral/ethnic groups. Conclusions Recent trends demonstrate a plateau in radiation therapy administration after BCS along with increasing utilization of mastectomy, reconstruction, and contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy. There are substantial differences in treatment utilization according to ancestry/ethnicity and geographical region. Further studies examining patient-physician decision making surrounding DCIS treatment are warranted. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2810-2818. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Epigenetic profiles of pre-diabetes transitioning to type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.

AIM: To examine DNA methylation profiles in a longitudinal comparison of pre-diabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) subjects who transitioned to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We performed DNA methylation study in bisulphite converted DNA from Pre-DM (n = 11) at baseline and at their transition to T2DM using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip, that enables the query of 27578 individual cytosines at CpG loci throughout the genome, which are focused on the promoter regions of 14495 genes. RESULTS: There were 694 CpG sites hypomethylated and 174 CpG sites hypermethylated in progression from Pre-DM to T2DM, representing putative genes involved in glucose and fructose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, and fatty acid metabolism. These results suggest that this high throughput platform is able to identify hundreds of prospective CpG sites associated with diverse genes that may reflect differences in Pre-DM compared with T2DM. In addition, there were CpG hypomethylation changes associated with a number of genes that may be associated with development of complications of diabetes, such as nephropathy. These hypomethylation changes were observed in all of the subjects. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that some epigenomic changes that may be involved in the progression of diabetes and/or the development of complications may be apparent at the Pre-DM state or during the transition to diabetes. Hypomethylation of a number of genes related to kidney function may be an early marker for developing diabetic nephropathy.
The Importance of Independence I: Framing the Issue

According to Amartya Sen, a man named Kader Mia went to a riot-plagued and hostile part of the city of Dhaka to find work during the civil strife near the end of the British occupation of South Asia in 1944.2 His wife told him that it was too dangerous, but he went because he had no food for his children. He was stabbed and died from his wounds. The penalty of his economic unfreedom turned out to be death.3 What Kader Mia found in the labor market was unusual, but the unfreedom that compelled him into the marketplace was not. Hunger made Kader Mia unfree to refuse whatever employment happened to be available at the time. Billions of people worldwide face hunger if they refuse whatever employment is available. Most of them are not forced to accept an imminent risk of death in the marketplace, but many of them are forced to accept a lifetime of the worst working conditions, lowest pay, and lowest status in jobs that require them to serve the interests of at least one person who controls access to resources. Throughout history, economic deprivation has forced people to accept slavishly long, difficult, humiliating, dangerous, or low-paying jobs; to prostitute themselves; to beg; and to sell themselves into indentured servitude. Although some people have done some of these things voluntarily, economic deprivation has clearly forced reasonable people to do things they should not do and would not do if they had the power to say no.
Single-Molecule Picometer Resolution Nanopore Tweezers Resolution

Single-molecule Picometer Resolution Nanopore Tweezers (SPRNT) is a new technique for observing the motion of single motor enzymes on nucleic acid tracks with more than an order of magnitude improvement in spatiotemporal resolution over existing single-molecule technologies such as optical tweezers. Because SPRNT is derived from nanopore DNA sequencing, it also provides a readout of the DNA sequence moving through the enzyme, allowing us to query how nucleic acid sequence regulates the motion of motor enzymes. We discuss how SPRNT works in the context of helicase and RNA polymerase systems to which we have applied SPRNT, and present results including a full kinetic model relating ATP-hydrolysis steps to sub-nucleotide helicase motion and observation of RNA polymerase pausing and termination at unprecedented resolution.
Chemical Markers for Bitterness in Whole Wheat Bread

In a recent study, our group characterized eight compounds that contributed to the bitterness of a whole wheat bread sample. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical profile of these bitter compounds in relation to the perceived bitterness of three commercial whole wheat breads and one refined wheat bread. The compounds with the highest correlation to bitterness intensity for the crust were 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF, r2=0.93) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one (DDMP, r2=0.95); for the crumb, the compounds with the highest correlation to bitterness were L-tryptophan (TRP, r2=0.85) and the tryptophan Amadori rearrangement product (ARP, r2=0.92). In summary, these four compounds were identified as potential chemical markers to predict bitterness of whole wheat bread.
Large spontaneous emission rate enhancement in a nanoscale III-V LED coupled to an optical antenna

Large 200-fold increase in the spontaneous emission rate is experimentally observed in an electrically-injected nanoscale LED coupled to a cavity-backed slot antenna; an important achievement toward a LED that is faster than the laser.
Blood Pressure Variation

The level of blood pressure is a function of: (1) the genetically dictated physiological control systems that regulate blood pressure, and (2) the interaction of these genotypes with the known environmental factors that modulate the blood pressure level: psychosocial stress and/or excessive intake of calories, sodium and alcohol. Because it is not possible to elevate the blood pressure without altering the renal handling of sodium2, any cause of high blood pressure must ultimately mediate its effects through the kidney as the final regulator of body fluid volume. The physiological control systems that regulate sodium and volume, and therefore blood pressure, are crucial to the survival of man under adverse conditions of heat and limited access to salt and water. It seems likely that the ability to conserve sodium has led to differential mortality (selective survival) in those groups best able to conserve sodium3 and may account for both between- and within-population variations in susceptibility to the blood pressure raising effects of salt. Because high blood pressure is a sign of a disturbance of one or more of the blood pressure control systems, genetic investigation of subjects just classified as ‘hypertensive’ will probably be confusing until specific physiological subgroups of hypertensives are studied. Kurtz et al. have published two excellent reviews of the new genetic approaches in animal4 and human5 studies in hypertension and the Williams group at Utah have also published excellent reviews6. Much of the data presented here is not in these reviews.
Temperature Oscillations of an Adiabatic Superleak

We describe a new resonance of superfluid 4 He when confined in a superleak. In our experiment the superleak is sealed except at a filling hole which communicates with bulk liquid. The resonance is driven and detected thermally. The restoring force is provided by the compressibility of the helium under conditions which are very nearly adiabatic. We derive expressions for the resonance frequency, the lineshape and phaseshift and compare these with measurements on a 0.2113μm superleak.
Persistent Assets in Zero-G and on Planetary Surfaces: Enabled by Modular Technology and Robotic Operations

Space operations are on the cusp of a revolutionary new operational paradigm that leverages modular systems and recurring robotic visits to “Persistent Assets” enabling asset maintenance, repair, and enhancement. A “Persistent Asset” is defined here as any zero-g or planetary surface system that benefits from in-space assembly (ISA) or multiple visits for servicing, repairs, and upgrades. This term is an extension of the term “Persistent Platform” used by Ms. Pam Melroy at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to describe the vision of the Agency for a geosynchronous Earth orbiting platform. In this paper, the term “Persistent Asset” is introduced to encompass not only zero-g systems; such as telecommunication platforms, Earth observing science platform, Department of Defense platforms, and scientific telescope systems, but also planetary surface systems that support missions such as human outposts, science stations, and in-situ resource utilization systems. In contrast to the current state of the art, where space systems are typically launched as a single unit and operated without any further physical intervention after launch; future systems will be maintained, enhanced and reconfigured in-situ as new technology becomes available or mission needs change. Visits to the persistent asset can be regularly scheduled or dictated by funding constraints enabling a pay-as-you-go approach, which is largely independent of time-constraints and able to exploit launches of opportunity. In this paper, historical in-space assembly activities which relied heavily on astronaut extra-vehicular activity will be reviewed as well as early robotic assembly activities. These approaches will be contrasted with emerging modular approaches supporting realization of a new Persistent Asset operational paradigm. The paper will define attributes of the Persistent Asset paradigm and illustrate advantages by applying the paradigm to two relevant applications: 1) a large space telescope backing structure and 2) the backbone structure for a solar electric transport vehicle. Finally, recently developed unique Persistent Asset elements (modules, and interface approaches) will be described.
Foster care outcomes and experiences of infants removed due to substance abuse

This exploratory study used administrative data from the 2015 foster care file of the Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System to examine the experiences and outcomes of infants who had substance ...
Persistent Place-Making in Prehistory: the Creation, Maintenance, and Transformation of an Epipalaeolithic Landscape

Most archaeological projects today integrate, at least to some degree, how past people engaged with their surroundings, including both how they strategized resource use, organized technological production, or scheduled movements within a physical environment, as well as how they constructed cosmologies around or created symbolic connections to places in the landscape. However, there are a multitude of ways in which archaeologists approach the creation, maintenance, and transformation of human-landscape interrelationships. This paper explores some of these approaches for reconstructing the Epipalaeolithic (ca. 23,000–11,500 years BP) landscape of Southwest Asia, using macro- and microscale geoarchaeological approaches to examine how everyday practices leave traces of human-landscape interactions in northern and eastern Jordan. The case studies presented here demonstrate that these Epipalaeolithic groups engaged in complex and far-reaching social landscapes. Examination of the Early and Middle Epipalaeolithic (EP) highlights that the notion of “Neolithization” is somewhat misleading as many of the features we use to define this transition were already well-established patterns of behavior by the Neolithic. Instead, these features and practices were enacted within a hunter-gatherer world and worldview.
Pour une conception rythmique des apprentissages transformateurs

En prenant appui sur la theorie de l’apprentissage transformateur (TAT), developpee par Jack Mezirow aux Etats-Unis, cet article propose une reflexion sur les temporalites qui caracterisent les processus de transformation, susceptibles d’etre promus ou accompagnes en formation d’adultes. La reflexion proposee s’articule en trois temps. Premierement, les fondements de la TAT sont enonces de maniere a situer leur pertinence en formation d’adultes. Ces apports sont repris afin de problematiser la maniere dont on concoit les temporalites impliquees dans un processus de transformation, et plus specifiquement la nature a la fois continue et discontinue d’un tel processus. Finalement, l’apprentissage transformateur est envisage a partir d’une perspective rythmologique, demontrant l’interet de developper une approche centree sur les rythmes constitutifs des transformations vecues tout au long de la vie.
Can Electronic Reverse-Auctions Destroy Business Relationships?

The fast-paced world of business in the early twenty-first century has created ever decreasing time periods between the waves of cycles. This phenomenon can lead to dramatic changes in prevailing practices in very short periods of time. In fact, it almost appears that management thought leaders are in direct conflict in some situations. Such a shift has occurred in recent years in terms of thoughts about the relationships between business buyers and sellers. Japanese businesses lead the movement towards trust-based relationships becoming sole-source arrangements in the 1980s. Management gurus worldwide were applauding this practice. By the late 1990s the antithesis was occurring as thought leaders began advocating not only the avoidance of sole-sourcing but the use of what could be viewed as a practice that made long-term relationships between buyers and sellers impossible. This was the dawning of the era of the electronic reverse auction. Is this a good thing or a curse?
Safety and clinical activity of PD-L1 blockade in patients with aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven disorder that causes substantial morbidity and can lead to fatal distal airway obstruction and post-obstructive pneumonias. Patients require frequent surgical debridement of disease, and no approved systemic adjuvant therapies exist. A phase II study was conducted to investigate the clinical activity and safety of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade with avelumab in patients with RRP. Twelve patients were treated. All patients with laryngeal RRP displayed improvement in disease burden, and 5 of 9 (56%) displayed partial responses. None of 4 patients with pulmonary RRP displayed a response. Using each patient’s surgical history as their own control, patients required fewer surgical interventions after avelumab treatment (p = 0.008). A subset of partial responders developed HPV-specific reactivity in papilloma-infiltrating T-cells that correlated with reduced HPV viral load and an increased Tissue Inflammation Signature. Avelumab demonstrated safety and clinical activity in patients with laryngeal RRP. Further study of immune checkpoint blockade for RRP, possibly with longer treatment duration or in combination with other immunotherapies aimed at activating antiviral immunity, is warranted. NCT, number NCT02859454 , registered August 9, 2016.
Case report: Anaerobiospirillum prosthetic joint infection in a heart transplant recipient.

We report a case of prosthetic hip joint infection in a heart transplant recipient due to Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens, a genus of spiral-shaped curved anaerobic gram-negative rod which colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs. Invasive infections in humans are rare and typically occur in immunocompromised hosts. A 65-year-old male dog breeder with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, bilateral hip arthroplasties, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with a heart transplant 10 years ago presented with a three month history of progressive left hip pain and frank purulence on hip aspiration. He underwent irrigation and debridement of the left hip and one-stage revision with hardware exchange. Although gram stain and culture from synovial fluid and intraoperative cultures were initially negative, anaerobic cultures from tissue specimens later grew a spiral-shaped gram-negative rod, identified as Anaerobiospirillum spp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone 2 g daily for 6 weeks with a good response to treatment. A similar organism was unable to be isolated from culture of 2 of the patient’s dogs, however, they were thought to be the most likely source of his infection. Anaerobiospirillum spp. should be considered in immunocompromised patients with exposure to dogs or cats who present with bacteremia, gastrointestinal infection, pyomyositis, or prosthetic joint infections, especially in cases of culture-negative or with anaerobic culture growth.
Chronic pain in children: structural and resting-state functional brain imaging within a developmental perspective

Chronic pain is a major public health problem in the United States costing $635 billion annually. Hospitalizations for chronic pain in childhood have increased almost tenfold in the past decade, without breakthroughs in novel treatment strategies. Findings from brain imaging studies using structural and resting-state fMRI could potentially help personalize treatment to address this costly and prevalent health problem by identifying the underlying brain pathways that contribute, facilitate, and maintain chronic pain. The aim of this review is to synthesize structural and resting-state network pathology identified by recent brain imaging studies in pediatric chronic pain populations and discuss the potential impact of chronic pain on cortical development. Sex differences as well as treatment effects on these cortical alterations associated with symptom changes are also summarized. This area of research is still in its infancy with currently limited evidence available from a small number of studies, some of which suffer from limitations such as small sample size and suboptimal methodology. The identification of brain signatures of chronic pain in children may help to develop new pathways for future research as well as treatment strategies.
Reducing variance in nursing practice

Nursing and finance leaders can encourage evidence-based nursing by: Investing in best practice procedure products. Providing continuing education to nursing care teams. Encouraging accountability--and empowerment.
The mixed strategy of authoritarian labor rights repression

This study argues that institutionalized authoritarian states, those with established political parties and legislatures, tend to pursue a two-pronged strategy concerning labor rights: they severel...
Assessment of the Use of Pharmacologic Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Patients.

Background:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Prophylaxis (PPX) beyond 48 hours increases VTE risk 3- to 4-fold. Pharmacologic VTE PPX init...
Print or iPad? Young Children’s Text Type Shared Reading Preference and Behaviors in Comparison to Parent Predictions and At-home Practices

Little research has examined young children’s reading preference by text type. We examined 37 children reading, evaluated their reading experience, and surveyed parents for at-home reading practice...
Embracing the Academic Life with All Its Highs and Lows

This chapter describes the career journey of Dr. Antoinette Halsell Miranda. After graduating from the University of Cincinnati, she took a full-time school psychology position in District 23 in Brooklyn, New York with NYC Public Schools. This experience would prove pivotal in guiding her scholarship, teaching, and service. She entered academia in 1988 at The Ohio State University where in 2000 she “recultured” the program to have an urban and social justice focus and served as the program director for many years. She holds the Casto Professorship in Interprofessional Education at OSU. She is a recipient of the OSU Alumni Award for Distinguished Teaching and the Outstanding Contribution to Training Award by the Trainers of School Psychologists. She was elected to the Ohio State Board of Education in 2016. She balanced academia and motherhood and often said “you can have it all, just not at the same time.” She has been committed to paying it forward and values mentoring of others. She has had a lifelong passion for making schools work for school-aged children, especially those most vulnerable.
Does Selectivity of Molecular Catalysts Change with Time? Polymerization Imaged by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

The chemoselectivity of molecular catalysts underpins much of modern synthetic organic chemistry. However, little is known about the selectivity of individual catalysts because this single-catalyst-level behavior is hidden by the bulk catalytic behavior. Here, for the first time, the selectivity of individual molecular catalysts for two different reactions is imaged in real time at the single-catalyst level. This imaging is achieved through fluorescence microscopy paired with spectral probes that produce a snapshot of the instantaneous chemoselectivity of a single catalyst for either a single-chain-elongation or a single-chain-termination event during ruthenium-catalyzed polymerization. Superresolution imaging of multiple selectivity events, each at a different single-molecular ruthenium catalyst, indicates that catalyst selectivity may be unexpectedly spatially and time-variable.
Sedative Use in the Setting of Critical Bronchiolitis

Background Mechanical ventilation (MV) is often used for bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), and typically requires analgesic and sedative medications to treat pain and agitation and to prevent dislodgement of life-sustaining equipment. Sedative side effects include bradycardia, hypotension, decreased respiratory drive, and withdrawal, but it is unknown if cumulative dosages of these medications within the first 36hrs of MV are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Methods With IRB approval, charts of PICU patients <2yrs with bronchiolitis who received MV between 5/2014 and 8/2018 were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities …
Small animal radiation research platform: imaging, mechanics, control and calibration

In cancer research, well characterized small animal models of human cancer, such as transgenic mice, have greatly accelerated the pace of development of cancer treatments. The goal of the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) is to make those same models available for the development and evaluation of novel radiation therapies. In combination with advanced imaging methods, small animal research allows detailed study of biological processes, disease progression, and response to therapy, with the potential to provide a natural bridge to the clinical environment. The SARRP will realistically model human radiation treatment methods in standard animal models. In this paper, we describe the mechanical and control structure of the system. This system requires accurate calibration of the x-ray beam for both imaging and radiation treatment, which is presented in detail in the paper.
User classification in online communities

In this thesis, we explore the identification of expert users in online communities. We are interested in modeling user behavior and providing deeper insights into how a user evolves and interacts in a given community. Our goal in this research is to help community administrators in identifying top contributors, and so help them in retaining these users and sustaining the communities. We have focused on three key aspects of user identification. First, we have identified and modeled several key attributes that can be useful for characterizing user behavior in these communities and how these attributes impact the perceptions of online users. Secondly, We have developed models to identify the top users, also called as experts or authorities, in the communities. We show that along with top users, we can also identify users who are expected to become top users in future. We also show how bias due to name value impacts the perception of quality of Twitter authors. Third, We have examined how users evolve over time to understand different kinds of phases that users undergo. The results of this work show that the top users in the community can be distinguished by their activity patterns. These users can be distinguished: (i) efficiently, (ii) accurately, and (iii) early on. We show that expert users evolve in three distinctive patterns: (a) consistently active pattern, (b) initially active but later passive pattern, (c) initially passive but later active pattern. The practical applications of their identification range from: (a) estimation of bias while preparing a reading list for a user, (b) recommending similar users to each other, and (c) providing training to the users and improving their participation in these communities.
How to be a host leader

Purpose – To look at what we do, as hosts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at what we do as hosts, what it means to lead and leadership as engagement. Findings – Host leadership offers an alternative. Leadership seems to put the focus on the leader. The authors think this is a mistake. Leading is about a relationship – between the leader and the others. Originality/value – Host leadership is a natural way to take a leading position, in a manner that draws in others. This builds engagement, leading to performance and results.
Change in spinal alignment after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective The study hypotheses were that: (i) there would be a difference in sagittal plane alignment between patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip and those with lumbar degenerative disk disease; and (ii) that sagittal plane lumbar alignment would change following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods In this prospective study, a series of patients without back pain or lumbar complaints who were scheduled to undergo THA underwent lateral lumbar radiography prior to and nine months after elective THA. Radiographic measurements of lumbar alignment included sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and L1 axis S1 distance (L1 ASD). All measurements were performed on upright, standing, lateral radiographs. A control group of patients underwent serial radiography over the same period for evaluation of lumbar degenerative disease. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and L1 ASD in the THA and control groups. Results There were 12 patients in the THA group and 34 in the control group. Mean follow-up was 9 months. Average age in the control group was 63 years and in the THA group 64.2 years. The sacral slope was greater in the THA group (mean, 23°) than in the lumbar patients (control group) and this difference was statistically significant (mean, 11°, P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between THA and control patients in lumbar lordosis or L1 ASD. Change before and after THA was measured. There were no statistically significant differences in assessed radiographic variables preoperatively versus postoperatively. Conclusion There is no significant change in spinal alignment after unilateral THA. At baseline, patients with symptomatic spine complaints have less sacral slope than their hip arthroplasty counterparts.
Development of Radhard VLSI Electronics for SSC Calorimeters

A new program of development of integrated electronics for liquid argon calorimeters in the SSC detector environment is being started at Argonne National Laboratory. Scientists from Brookhaven National Laboratory and Vanderbilt University together with an industrial participant are expected to collaborate in this work. Interaction rates, segmentation, and the radiation environment dictate that front-end electronics of SSC calorimeters must be implemented in the form of highly integrated, radhard, analog, low-noise, VLSI custom monolithic devices, Important considerations are power dissipation, choice of functions integrated on the front-end chips, and cabling requirements. An extensive level of expertise in radhard electronics exists within the industrial community, and a primary objective of this work is to bring that expertise to bear on the problems of SSC detector design. Radiation hardness measurements and requirements as well as calorimeter design will be primarily the responsibility of Argonne scientists and our Brookhaven and Vanderbilt colleagues. Radhard VLSI design and fabrication will be primarily the industrial participant’s responsibility. The rapid-cycling synchrotron at Argonne will be used for radiation damage studies involving response to neutrons and charged particles, while damage from gammas will be investigated at Brookhaven.
The long-range self-interaction of the gauge field

For localized non-Abelian gauge fields with positive definite energy density only the Yang-Mills current leads to nonvanishing internal charges on the classical level. The concept of a particle-like blob of gauge-field energy density is used in conjunction with a solution to the free Yang-Mills field equation at a fixed instant of time to investigate the long-range interaction of the charge-bearing field. If each blob carries only one kind of internal charge, this interaction is consistent with classical electrodynamics, supporting an asymptotic identification for the electrodynamic part of the gauge field. It is conjectured that non-Abelian gauge theory could lead to a relation between the strengths of the electromagnetic- and strong-interaction coupling constants. If the gauge field carries more than one kind of internal charge, the presence of an additional interaction not observed in experiment is indicated. It is concluded that the non-Abelian gauge field should carry only one kind of internal charge, the electric charge.
Tourism Experiences and Self-Rated Health Among Older Adults in China.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with tourism experiences, and the association between tourism experiences and subsequent self-rated health. Method: Multilevel logistic regression models and four waves of panel data from a large nationally representative survey of older adults in China were employed. Results: Those who had a tourism experience tended to be younger, men, urban residents, have a higher socioeconomic status (SES), and frequently participate in leisure activities and exercise. However, controlling for SES, women were more likely than men to have a tourism experience. Notably, tourism was negatively associated with poor self-rated health and the association was robust to adjustments for a wide range of confounders. Discussion: The net beneficial impact of tourism on self-rated health may operate through several mechanisms such as improvements in tourists’ cognitive functioning, healthy lifestyles, self-esteen, family and social relations, and psychological and spirtual well-being. ...