cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive epidemiology of injury cases: findings from a pilot injury surveillance system in Abu Dhabi

Considering the high burden of injuries, the Health Authority-Abu Dhabi developed a draft electronic and paper-based injury and poisoning notification system (IPNS) to generate better data on the nature and severity of injuries. The pilot testing and evaluation of IPNS was conducted with the specific objectives to (1) identify the characteristics of injury cases, (2) explore potential risk factors, (3) illustrate the nature and type of data, and (4) the working mechanism of data collection. Data were collected from selected hospitals on patient demographics, injury information and clinical assessment. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Of 4226 injury cases, nearly three-fourths were male, majority were non-UAE nationals, and the mean age was 21.9. Multivariate findings suggested that compared to UAE nationals, non-UAE nationals were 27% more likely to experience fatal, severe or moderate injuries (p = 0.01). Individuals with health insurance were 31% less likely to suffer a fatal, severe or moderate injury compared to those having no health insurance (p < 0.001). This is the first systematically standardised collection of injury data across three facilities in Abu Dhabi, and provides initial information on characteristics and injury risk factors that will help identify the need for evidence-based intervention for injury prevention and control.
A Problem Well Defined is Nearly Solved

Solving problems is simple. Understanding which problems should be solved is immensely challenging. Medical device design projects frequently begin with a search for solutions rather than a clear appraisal of needs. Understanding clinical needs, user needs, unmet needs and the differences between them is crucial. Through a process of filtering research into an array of needs the author prescribes a method to aid the designer in defining the overarching problem. This array can create a clear path to problem solutions while utilizing a methodology that fits in the context of a regulated design process. For medical device startups, design consulting firms, and corporate manufacturers, a clear understanding of the problem can mark the difference between a misguided solution and a solution that benefits physicians and patients.
Abstract 851: 14-3-3z-mediated suppression of tumor cell death.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC For many cancer patients, cytotoxic chemotherapy is the primary treatment option. While the goal of these treatments is to induce tumor cell apoptosis, treatments too often fail as tumor cells possess the dynamic ability to subvert cell death and become chemoresistant. We are interested in determining the mechanisms by which tumors develop chemoresistance, with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets/pathways to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. One context in which tumor cells are though to gain.14-3-3ζ is a small acidic protein that binds to phospho-serine proteins. 14-3-3ζ binding can have wide ranging effects, from the activation of enzyme function, to the orchestration of protein-protein interactions. 14-3-3ζ is highly expressed in many cancer types, and high levels of expression have been shown to correlate with the aggressiveness of tumors and lower rates of patient survival ([1][1]). However, the mechanisms by which 14-3-3ζ may promote tumor growth/tumor cell survival have yet to be determined. In this study we show that siRNA-mediated depletion of 14-3-3ζ potently sensitizes breast tumor cells to apoptosis induced by metabolic stress (e.g., hypoxia and glucose withdrawal_stresses commonly found within solid tumors) and chemotherapy. Moreover, gel filtration data suggest that metabolic cell stress induces a shift in 14-3-3ζ from high to lower molecular weight protein complexes. Drawing from these data, we performed a proteomics experiment to characterize 14-3-3ζ interactors under these conditions. We found that 14-3-3ζ associates with numerous pro-glycolysis- and cell growth-regulating enzymes (several of which are novel 14-3-3ζ interactors), and under conditions of metabolic stress, many of these interactions are diminished or lost. We are currently examining the functional consequences of these dynamic 14-3-3z interactions with respect to tumor cell survival. Together, our data suggest that 14-3-3ζ may play an apical role in regulating the metabolic response to stress, and provide insight into the mechanism by which 14-3-3ζ promotes tumor growth and survival. Citation Format: Vajira K. Weerasekara, Jeffrey B. Mortenson, Joshua L. Andersen. 14-3-3z-mediated suppression of tumor cell death. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-851 [1]: #ref-1
Subclinical Nonautoimmune Hyperthyroidism in a Family Segregates with a Thyrotropin Receptor Mutation with Weakly Increased Constitutive Activity

Background: Subclinical hyperthyroidism is usually associated with Graves' disease or toxic nodular goiter. Here we report a family with hereditary subclinical hyperthyroidism caused by a constitutively activating germline mutation of the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene. Methods: The proband was a 64-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a thyroid nodule and was found to be euthyroid with a suppressed serum TSH. The nodule was not hot. Although antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies were present, TSHR antibodies were not detected by TSH-binding inhibition or by bioassay. Two of her middle-aged sons, but not her daughter, also had subclinical hyperthyroidism without TSHR antibodies. Without therapy, the clinical condition of the affected individuals remained unchanged over 3 years without development of overt hyperthyroidism. Results: A novel heterozygous TSHR point mutation causing a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at codon 575 (E575K) in the second extracellular loop was...
Techniques for optimizing human-machine information transfer related to real-time interactive display systems

In recent years the needs of ground-based researcher-analysts to access real-time engineering data in the form of processed information has expanded rapidly. Fortunately, the capacity to deliver that information has also expanded. The development of advanced display systems is essential to the success of a research test activity. Those developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR), range from simple alphanumerics to interactive mapping and graphics. These unique display systems are designed not only to meet basic information display requirements of the user, but also to take advantage of techniques for optimizing information display. Future ground-based display systems will rely heavily not only on new technologies, but also on interaction with the human user and the associated productivity with that interaction. The psychological abilities and limitations of the user will become even more important in defining the difference between a usable and a useful display system. This paper reviews the requirements for development of real-time displays; the psychological aspects of design such as the layout, color selection, real-time response rate, and interactivity of displays; and an analysis of some existing WATR displays.
Abrupt or precipitated withdrawal from morphine induces immunosuppression

The present studies tested the effect of withdrawal from morphine by two different paradigms, abrupt withdrawal (AW) or precipitated withdrawal (PW), on the capacity of murine spleen cells to mount an in vitro antibody response. Mice were made dependent by chronic treatment using s.c. implanted morphine slow-release pellets. Splenocytes were harvested at various time points after withdrawal and the number of antibody-forming cells determined using a plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The results indicate that induction of abstinence from morphine in dependent mice by either paradigm caused marked immunosuppression between 24 and 48 h post-withdrawal. However, the kinetics of onset and recovery from immunosuppression were different in AW and PW.
Interfacial Debonding of Glass Single Fiber Composites Using the Johnson-Cook Failure Model

The interfacial relationship between a glass fiber bundle and epoxy resin is investigated both experimentally and computationally. A cylindrical notched specimen with a single bundle of fibers along the axis is created to observe debonding behavior. All specimens reached a critical stress value and exhibited debonding to some degree. All material properties are obtained experimentally. The Johnson-Cook failure model is used to simulate the experimental results. The computational model exhibits realistic stress distribution as well as calculates element deletion to simulate interfacial debonding. Simulation refinement will be necessary, especially at the interface, to produce more explicit results.© 2013 ASME
Depression, mortality, and medical morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease

There is substantial evidence that depression is a risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality, both for patients without clinical evidence of coronary heart disease at index examination and for patients with established coronary disease. The relationship is most apparent for patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction. Many questions about the impact of depression on heart disease remain unresolved.
Treating affair couples: Extending the written disclosure paradigm to relationship trauma

Considerable evidence now supports the psychological and health benefits of written emotional disclosure when pursued in an individual context. However, the literature has largely emphasized intrapersonal processes and outcomes to the neglect of interpersonal applications of the written disclosure paradigm, despite the fact that painful and traumatic emotional events frequently occur in the context of intimate personal relationships. In this commentary, we describe an extension of the written disclosure paradigm to the treatment of couples struggling to recover from an extramarital affair. Preliminary findings offer promise for integrating mutual written disclosure as an intervention component in treating relationship trauma.
Accelerated removal of salicylate by additives in peritoneal dialysis fluid.

A variety of compounds was tested for effect on peritoneal dialysis of salicylate. They were compared by means of apparent rate constants obtained via analysis of plasma and dialysate curves with an analog computer. One combination of substances, anthranilic acid 1% and N-myristyl-β-aminopropionate 0.25%, was selected as most promising. This combination was tested by intermittent dialysis and shown to remove about three times as much salicylate as the control fluid.
Installation Aspects of Smart Grid

AbstractOver the last few years, there has been the realization that the current electrical grid needs to undergo major upgrades. The government, utility companies, and several other stakeholders have proposed modernizing the electrical grid to make it efficient to meet predicted power demands. This modernized grid is generally termed as the smart grid. In addition to the grid capacity and reliability issues, the current electrical grid requires upgrades to resolve major challenges including the network of independently owned components, old and outdated parts, wastage from inefficiency, a design that did not consider renewable energy, and susceptibility to attacks from hackers and terrorists. It is evident that the growth of a smart grid will require substantial development and installation efforts. These efforts will present opportunities to the construction industry, especially electrical contractors. For electrical contractors to take advantage of these opportunities, they need to be conversant with t...
Rapid shifts in the structure and composition of a protistan assemblage during bottle incubations affect estimates of total protistan species richness

Changes in the structure and composition of a protistan community were characterized through the analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S) sequences for a 3-day bottle incubation using a single sample collected in the western North Atlantic. Cloning and sequencing was used to investigate changes in perceived species richness and diversity as a consequence of environmental perturbation. The treatments included a control (unamended seawater), inorganic nutrient enrichment, and enrichment with a complex organic mixture. Five clone libraries were constructed and analyzed at the time of collection (t-0 h) and after 24 (t-24 h) and 72 (t-72 h) h for the control, and at t-72 h for the inorganic and organic enrichments, resulting in an analysis of 1,626 partial 18S rDNA sequences that clustered into 238 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Analysis of the clone libraries revealed that protistan assemblages were highly dynamic and changed substantially at both the OTU level and higher taxonomic classifications during time frames consistent with many oceanographic methods used for measuring biological rates. Changes were most dramatic in enrichments, which yielded community compositions that were strongly dominated by one or a few taxa. Changes in community structure during incubation dramatically influenced estimates of species richness, which were substantially lower with longer incubation and especially with amendment, even though all incubated samples originated from the same aliquot of seawater. Containment and enrichment of the seawater sample led to the detection of otherwise undetected protistan taxa, suggesting that characterization of protistan diversity in a sample only at the time of collection could lead to an underrepresentation of unique taxa. Additionally, the rapid increase in the relative abundance of some members of the “rare biosphere” in our results implies an ecological importance of at least some of the taxa comprising the “rare biosphere.”
The cultural landscape of slavery at Kormantsin, Ghana

Abstract Kormantsin is a coastal town in Ghana with a ruined fort, a remnant from the Atlantic slave trade. Kormantsin is an important cultural landscape—of slavery. Landscapes of slavery are cultural landscapes because they involve poignant human history, significant land manipulation, and human perceptions/ideologies regarding land use and race. Kormantsin's cultural landscape is documented and discussed using images and accounts from 17th- and 18th-century travellers, and contemporary photographs and texts; the landscape image (including a fort) at the slave trade's zenith is ascertained, and it is suggested how landscape may have been used to facilitate the trade. The study reveals a pathway possibly traversed by slaves from this fort. It is determined that the fort's landscape has changed relatively little since the slave trade. It is suggested that this historic landscape be preserved for future use and interpretation.
Transforming growth factor-?1 expression in cultured corneal fibroblasts in response to injury

The mechanisms underlying TGF-b regulation in response to injury are not fully understood. We have developed an in vitro wound model to evaluate the expression and localization of transforming growth factor-b 1i n rabbit corneal fibroblasts in response to injury. Experiments were conducted in the presence or absence of serum so that the effect of the injury could be distinguished from exogenous wound mediators. Cultures were wounded and evaluations conducted over a number of time points. Expression of TGF-b1 RNA was determined using Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization, while the TGF-b receptors were identified by affinity cross-linking. Injury increased the expression of TGF-b1 mRNA in cells at the wound edge after 30 min; this response was amplified by the addition of serum. TGF-b1 mRNA expression was observed in a number of cells distal from the wound. After wound closure, TGF-b1 mRNA was negligible and resembled unwounded cultures. The half-life of TGF-b1 mRNA was two times greater in the wounded cultures, indicating that the injury itself maintained the expression, while cell migration was present. Analogous to these findings, we found that binding of TGF-b to its receptors was maximal at the wound edge, decreasing with time and distance from the wound. These results indicate that injury increases the level of expression of TGF-b1 mRNA and maintains a higher level of receptor binding during events in wound repair and that these might facilitate the migratory and synthetic response of stromal fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 77:186 -199, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of particle formation in decomposing Re2(CO)10 on NaY and NaHY zeolites: effect of prereduced Pt clusters in the supercages

Abstract The heat of adsorption of Re2(CO)10 on NaY and NaHY is significantly higher than on SiO2, because Re2(CO)10 interacts with framework oxygen atoms and/or with protons in the supercages. On NaY, thermal decomposition in the presence of hydrogen results in the formation of metal particles via a Re hydridocarbonyl intermediate. Pt in the supercages has a profound effect on the decomposition process: CO is released and the resulting sub-carbonyl is trapped by Pt particles. The kinetics of CO release and methane formation suggest formation of PtRe alloy particles with a Re-rich surface. Decomposition of Re2(CO)10 on NaHY occurs in two steps: formation of subcarbonyls, which strongly interact with Bronsted protons, followed by aggregation. Mixed PtRe particles are indicated by (i) a low-temperature TPR peak of Re after sample oxidation, (ii) a high selectivity for hydrogenolysis of methylcyclopentane to methane.
Jeffamine derivatized TentaGel beads and poly(dimethylsiloxane) microbead cassettes for ultrahigh-throughput in situ releasable solution-phase cell-based screening of one-bead-one-compound combinatorial small molecule libraries.

A method to efficiently immobilize and partition large quantities of microbeads in an array format in microfabricated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) cassette for ultrahigh-throughput in situ releasable solution-phase cell-based screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries is described. Commercially available Jeffamine triamine T-403 (∼440 Da) was derivatized such that two of its amino groups were protected by Fmoc and the remaining amino group capped with succinic anhydride to generate a carboxyl group. This resulting trifunctional hydrophilic polymer was then sequentially coupled two times to the outer layer of topologically segregated bilayer TentaGel (TG) beads with solid phase peptide synthesis chemistry resulting in beads with increased loading capacity, hydrophilicity, and porosity at the outer layer. We have found that such bead configuration can facilitate ultrahigh-throughput in situ releasable solution-phase screening of OBOC libraries. An encoded releasable OBOC small molecu...
Spontaneous emission near an absorbing dielectric surface

The lifetime of an excited atom near an absorbing dielectric surface is calculated from an exact solution of a microscopic Hamiltonian model, which includes the effects of dispersion, local-field correction, and near-field Coulomb interaction. Results for the total decay rate are shown to be in excellent agreement with those based on classical electromagnetic theory and to yield the well-known result for the rate of nonradiative energy transfer in the limit of very small distance from the surface. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Lung injury and lung lysosomal enzyme release during endotoxemia.

Abstract We measured the release of the lysosomal enzymes β-glucuronidase and aryl sulfatase A into lung lymph and plasma after Escherichia coli endotoxin and compared these changes with the pulmonary vascular injury produced. We used 18 unanesthetized sheep, infusing doses of endotoxin from 1 to 10 αg/kg. We identified an early injury phase characterized by severe pulmonary hypertension, a three- to fivefold increase in protein-poor lung lymph flow, and a marked decrease in blood leukocyte count. This was followed several hours later by an increase in vascular permeability with a three- to fivefold increase in protein-rich lung lymph. Lymph lysosomal enzymes increased 200–800% over baseline with a sharp increase occuring during the early hypertension phase. Lymph β-glucuronidase correlated well with the change in vascular permeability measured by lymph flow, r = 0.7. Plasma enzyme values increased, but to a much lesser degree, correlating poorly, r = 0.2, with the lung injury. However, increases over baseline greater than 200% corresponded into with later systemic shock and mortality. We conclude that lysosomal enzymes are released into the lung after endotoxin, probably from sequestered leukocytes, with the degree of release corresponding to the degree of vascular injury.
Localization of β1-Adrenergic Receptors in the Cochlea and the Vestibular Labyrinth

Sympathetic activation in a “fight or flight reaction” may put the sensory systems for hearing and balance into a state of heightened alert via β1-adrenergic receptors (β1-AR). The aim of the present study was to localize β1-AR in the gerbil inner ear by confocal immunocytochemistry, to characterize β1-AR by Western immunoblots, and to identify β1-AR pharmacologically by measurements of cAMP production. Staining for β1-AR was found in strial marginal cells, inner and outer hair cells, outer sulcus, and spiral ganglia cells of the cochlea, as well as in dark, transitional and supporting cells of the vestibular labyrinth. Receptors were characterized in microdissected inner ear tissue fractions as 55 kDa non-glycosylated species and as 160 kDa high-mannose-glycosylated complexes. Pharmacological studies using isoproterenol, ICI-118551 and CGP-20712A demonstrated β1-AR as the predominant adrenergic receptor in stria vascularis and organ of Corti. In conclusion, β1-AR are present and functional in inner ear epithelial cells that are involved in K+ cycling and auditory transduction, as well as in neuronal cells that are involved in auditory transmission.
Choline metabolism in human term placenta--studies on de novo synthesis and the effects of some drugs on the metabolic fate of [N-methyl 3H]choline.

Abstract Fragments from human term placentae were incubated with [3H]methyl-Iabeled methionine or S-adenosyl methionine as methyl donors and ethanolamine or phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine as methyl acceptors. Analysis of acid-soluble and lipid-soluble extracts by high voltage electrophoresis or thin-layer Chromatography, respectively, gave no indication for the synthesis of products which would be expected to contain [3H]label in the choline (Ch) moiety. These findings led to the conclusion that the placenta could not perform the methylation steps required for de novo synthesis of choline. Short incubations (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 min) with [3H]Ch (5 μM, 0.8 μCi/ml) and paraoxon (10 μM) as an inhibitor of cholinesterases revealed that [3H]Ch was quite rapidly incorporated into [3HJacetylcholine (ACh) and that 18 per cent of the acid-soluble radioactivity was associated with ACh after 1 min. In the lipid-soluble fraction the major labeled product was identified as phosphatidylcholine while a minor amount of [3H](
Predictors of academic and clinical performance in a baccalaureate physical therapy program.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the best predictors of academic and clinical performance in a physical therapy undergraduate program. The records of 42 graduates of the program were reviewed to obtain data concerning 1) preadmission cumulative grade point averages (GPAs), 2) written composition scores, 3) interview ratings (INTVs), 4) preprofessional faculty rat­ ings, 5) mean Allied Health Professions Admission Test (MAHPAT) scores, and 6) scores on the comprehensive examination administered at the end of the educational program. The results of the comprehensive written and oral-practical examination were used as a measure of the students' academic achievement and clinical performance. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both aca­ demic achievement and clinical performance can be predicted reliably (p < .001) from the preadmission requirements. The two viable predictors of academic achievement were GPA and MAHPAT. The GPA and MAHPAT accounted for 30.5% and 8.0%, respectively, of the total variance (40.6%) in academic achieve­ ment. The INTV and GPA were the two viable predictors of clinical performance. They accounted for 34.6% and 7.5%, respectively, of the total variance (44.8%) in clinical performance.
Use of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance to measure intracellular metabolite levels during growth and asexual sporulation in Neurospora crassa.

ABSTRACT Conidiation is an asexual sporulation pathway that is a response to adverse conditions and is the main mode of dispersal utilized by filamentous fungal pathogens for reestablishment in a more favorable environment. Heterotrimeric G proteins (consisting of α, β, and γ subunits) have been shown to regulate conidiation in diverse fungi. Previous work has demonstrated that all three of the Gα subunits in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa affect the accumulation of mass on poor carbon sources and that loss of gna-3 leads to the most dramatic effects on conidiation. In this study, we used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to profile the metabolome of N. crassa in extracts isolated from vegetative hyphae and conidia from cultures grown under conditions of high or low sucrose. We compared wild-type and Δgna-3 strains to determine whether lack of gna-3 causes a significant difference in the global metabolite profile. The results demonstrate that the global metabolome of wild-type hyphae is influenced by carbon availability. The metabolome of the Δgna-3 strain cultured on both high and low sucrose is similar to that of the wild type grown on high sucrose, suggesting an overall defect in nutrient sensing in the mutant. However, analysis of individual metabolites revealed differences in wild-type and Δgna-3 strains cultured under conditions of low and high sucrose.
Implementation of a crossbar network using quantum-dot cellular automata

This paper presents a novel method for the implementation of wire-crossing networks using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) cells. Such wire-crossing networks, also called crossbar networks, are an important part of modern programmable logic devices, such as programmable arrays of logic. The crossbar networks are made possible through the use of parallel-to-serial converters and special regions with latching signals that are selected to sample and hold a particular value of serial data at a selected time. The particular signal connections made within the crossbar network are determined solely by the timing of the special latching signals rather than through physical changes to the device, so the same physical structure can be dynamically reprogrammed to provide a variety of different interconnection functions at different times. This wire-crossing network does not suffer from the shortcomings of the previously demonstrated QCA wire-crossing method, which required the use of rotated cells located on an interstitial cell spacing grid. This device only uses cells with a standard orientation on a regularly spaced grid.
On the stability of the FDTD algorithm for elastic media at a material interface

In this paper, the stability behavior of the first-order finite-difference time-domain algorithm for elastodynamics at the interface between two different materials is investigated. A necessary condition for stability is established, which, dependent on the material properties of the two media, might be more restrictive than the well-known Courant condition. It is shown that this more restrictive stability condition can be avoided if the material properties are averaged on the boundary.
The Origin, Evolution, and Principles of Patient Navigation

This issue of CEBP focuses on patient navigation with specific emphasis on the findings of the National Cancer institute (NCI) Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP). This research program was designed to develop interventions to reduce the time to diagnosis and treatment of cancer after
Magnetostrictive Microcantilever as an Advanced Transducer for Biosensors

The magnetostrictive microcantilever (MSMC) as a high-performance transducer was introduced for the development of biosensors. The principle and characterization of MSMC are presented. The MSMC is wireless and can be easily actuated and sensed using magnetic field/signal. More importantly, the MSMC exhibits a high Q value and works well in liquid. The resonance behavior of MSMC is characterized in air at different pressures and in different liquids, respectively. It is found that the Q value of the MSMC in water reaches about 40. Although the density and viscosity of the surrounding media affect the resonance frequency and the Q value of MSMC, the density has a stronger influence on the resonance frequency and the viscosity has a stronger influence on the Q value, which result in that, for MSMC in air at pressure of less than 100 Pa, the resonance frequency of MSMC is almost independent of the pressure, while the Q value increases with decreasing pressure. MSMC array was developed and characterized. It is experimentally demonstrated that the characterization of an MSMC array is as simple as the characterization of a single MSMC. A filamentous phage against Salmonella typhimurium was utilized as bio-recognition unit to develop an MSMC based biosensor. The detection of S. typhimurium in water demonstrated that the MSMC works well in liquid.
Frequency uniqueness in ring oscillator Physical Unclonable Functions on FPGAs

Hardware security in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) which use Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) rely on the ability to produce a large number of unique frequencies. This paper explores the frequency uniqueness as it relates to the number of stages used to build a ring oscillator. The experimental results from Xilinx Spartan 2 FPGAs show that the three stage ring oscillators have the highest standard deviation in terms of the frequencies produced. Ring oscillators with five, seven, nine and eleven stages on the other hand have a much smaller standard deviation. Based on these experimental results, it is found that the number of stages in a ring oscillator plays a critical role in determining frequency uniqueness.
CYTOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF THE GONADOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF THE RABBIT’S ANTERIOR HYPOPHYSIS

In 1929, Fee and Parkes reported that removal of the female rabbit’s pituitary by decerebration less than 1 hour after mating inhibited the ovulation which would otherwise take place 10 to 12 hours later. If, however, the time between mating and hypophysectomy exceeded 1 hour, ovulation followed within the normal interval. This work has since been confirmed by Smith and White (2). In 1934, Hill (3) demonstrated that the gonadotropic potency of the anterior hypophysis changed abruptly after mating. He found that the anterior pituitary gland of the average normal doe in heat contained 1560 rabbit-ovulating units of gonadotropic substance. One-half hour postcoitum, the gonadotropic potency of the pituitary fell to 1220 u (a 20 per cent decrease) ; and within 24 hours postcoitum the value had further fallen to 210 u (a decrease in potency of approximately 87 per cent). One may conclude from these data that rapid functional changes take place in the anterior hypophysis within the first few hours after mating, ...
Simulation in the classroom

It is noted that the availability of commercial software to engineers makes it easy for students in engineering management programs to acquire an understanding concerning how simulation can be used for management decision-making. The author describes how a commercial software packages that is a risk analysis and simulation add-in to Lotus 1-2-3, can be used in the classroom environment to teach concepts of simulation to engineering management students. In the classes taught by the author, students (primarily working professionals) are encouraged to develop specific applications in their areas of expertise. Some applications developed by students are discussed, including litigation and insurance risk analysis, selecting an air compressor, and repairing or replacing a coal handling system. >
Precursors of chirped pulses in dispersive media

The propagation of a Gaussianmodulated linearly-chirped pulse through a singleresonance Lorentz dielectric material is discussed in terms of it asymptotic approximation. The dependence of the saddle point locations of the complex phase function on the material parameters, the input pulse parameters and propagation distance are studied empirically. The decay rate of the peak amplitude of the pulse is explained in terms its asymptotic expansion.
Radio frequency interference (RFI) in digital microwave radiometers

Here, we developed a model for determining the effects of a narrow-band RFI on low resolution digital correlators. Low resolution correlators rely on a theoretical inversion to obtain the input correlation coefficient from the digital output. This inversion is based on the Gaussian statistics of the input signals. In the presence of the narrow-band interference, the statistics are not Gaussian and the theoretical inversion is no longer valid. The result is an error in the correlator output. We studied this phenomenon for four correlator resolutions: 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 bits. The errors are significant for 1, 1.5, and 2-bit systems. We found in the presence of relatively strong interference (INR/spl gsim/0 dB) the errors can be ten's of percent. The error reduces to less than 0.03% for INR<-16 dB. For the four-bit correlators, the errors are less than 0.03% for all cases studied. The error is also nonlinearly dependent upon input correlation coefficient.
Binary Regression with Differentially Misclassified Response and Exposure Variables

Misclassification is a long-standing statistical problem in epidemiology. In many real studies, either an exposure or a response variable or both may be misclassified. As such, potential threats to the validity of the analytic results (e.g., estimates of odds ratios) that stem from misclassification are widely discussed in the literature. Much of the discussion has been restricted to the nondifferential case, in which misclassification rates for a particular variable are assumed not to depend on other variables. However, complex differential misclassification patterns are common in practice, as we illustrate here using bacterial vaginosis and Trichomoniasis data from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Therefore, clear illustrations of valid and accessible methods that deal with complex misclassification are still in high demand. We formulate a maximum likelihood (ML) framework that allows flexible modeling of misclassification in both the response and a key binary exposure variable, while adjusting for other covariates via logistic regression. The approach emphasizes the use of internal validation data in order to evaluate the underlying misclassification mechanisms. Data-driven simulations show that the proposed ML analysis outperforms less flexible approaches that fail to appropriately account for complex misclassification patterns. The value and validity of the method are further demonstrated through a comprehensive analysis of the HERS example data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hardware implementation of a new phase measurement algorithm

A hardware implementation of the phase measurement algorithm developed by S.M. Mahmud (see ibid., vol.38, p.6-9, Feb. 1989) is presented. The proposed circuit was built and tested. The circuit can automatically adapt itself over a wide frequency range of the input wave. >
Modulation of the binding of matrix Gla protein (MGP) to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of calcification of the arterial wall but the mechanism of inhibition has not been resolved. Since chondrogenesis has been identified in calcified arteries from MPG null mice, we hypothesized that locally produced MGP might inhibit calcification by neutralizing the known effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as promotors of chondrogenesis and bone formation. As the first step to test this hypothesis, we demonstrate that MGP is a binding protein for 125I-BMP-2. Optimal binding is dependent on metals which suggests that the metal binding Gla region in MGP is involved. MGP is shown to undergo a Ca++ induced conformational change despite the presence of the γ-carboxylase binding site being part of the mature protein sequence. The data propose that MGP matures earlier in the secretory pathway than other vitamin K-dependent proteins. Antibodies were used in an attempt to identify MGP in bovine serum. Conformational specific MGP antibodies were shown to also recognize the Gla region in prothrombin and factor X but did not identify MGP in serum. This finding is supported by electrophoresis data which demonstrate the absence of MGP among Ba-citrate absorbed vitamin K-dependent serum proteins. We conclude that MGP does not exist in normal bovine serum.
Metabolic component of intestinal Pco 2during dysoxia

The adequacy of intestinal perfusion during shock and resuscitation might be estimated from intestinal tissue acid-base balance. We examined this idea from the perspective of conventional blood aci...
Researching at the Intersection of Accounting and Information Technology: A Call for Action

ABSTRACT: In this commentary, I argue for a more focused definition of accounting information systems (AIS) as a field at the intersection of accounting and information systems. I contend that the lack of a focused definition is a significant factor leading to some of the more troubling trends affecting academic research in AIS. These trends include the relative paucity of AIS research appearing in the so-called “premier” journals in accounting, the relatively small number of active academic researchers in the field, the decline in the number of doctoral students focusing specifically on AIS research, and the difficulty in distinguishing AIS research from the scholarship in the closely related field of “pure” information systems. I present evidence from an analysis of keywords and journal citations to support my contention that extant published AIS research lacks focus. I argue that a more focused definition of AIS will help the field flourish and suggest such a definition that highlights both the account...
Urinary Citrates in Calcium Urolithiasis

ConclusionsThe daily urinary citrate content and concentration of patients with calcium urolithiasis is much lower than those of normal individuals. This finding may be of etiological importance.
Study of Nonlinear Model of Active Power Filter and its Variable Structure Control Method

Variable structure control method can adapt system parameters changes and external disturbances and have strong robustness.Active power filter is a typical variable structure power electronics equipment.Based on the principle of the active power filter,this paper studied its nonlinear models under the abc three-phase,and established nonlinear decoupling model in dq rotating coordinate by the coordinate change.Based on the model,selecting a switch control function and calculating the equivalent control function,a control method based on variable structure theory is built.The simulation study found that the dynamic response of the control method is very fast,and can effectively filter out harmonic components of grid current,while control the DC voltage near setting value.However,because inverter switching frequency of the control system is not fixed,there is still a small amount of high frequency harmonics due to the chattering problem.
New prostate cancer grade group system correlates with prostate cancer death in addition to biochemical recurrence.

New prostate cancer grade group system correlates with prostate cancer death in addition to biochemical recurrence
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of legal infectious diseases in Jia Yuguan City in 2011

Objective To understand the morbidity and epidemiological situation of the legal infectious diseases,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control. Methods The materials of the various legal infectious diseases in 2011 in Jia Yuguan city was analyzed statistically by descriptive epidemiology method. Results In 2011,there was no infectious diseases under class A. There were totally 17 kinds of 2 822 cases of infectious diseases of class B and C. The incidence was 1 217. 13 /100 000,and the mortality was 1. 73 /100000. The report incidence was lower than that of 2010. The major transmission pathway was blood and sexually transmitted,followed by intestinal infectious disease,there was no natural source and vector- borne infectious disease. The main infectious disease was HBV,bacillary dysentery,other infectious diarrhea,phthisis and HCV,The crowd who tended to be predominantly male,age mainly concentrated in the 20 ～ 44 years old.Professional distribution was mainly housework unemployment,followed by workers and scattered children.Conclusions The major infectious diseases prevention and control work were blood and sexually transmitted disease,followed by intestinal and respiratory infectious disease in Jia Yuguan city. We should especially enhance the surveillance,prevention and control work of the HBV,bacillary dysentery,other infectious diarrhea,phthisis and HCV.
Impact of divergent evaluations by physicians and patients of patients' complaints

Abstract Physicians' estimates of patients' anxiety, discomfort or pain, and activity limitation were compared with reports by their patients on the same dimensions. The data were collected as part of a series of quality assessment studies at a prepaid group practice serving 19,000 people in a Mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. Analysis of the data showed that physicians underestimated the three dimensions 35 percent of the time and that activity limitation was the dimension most often underestimated. Patients whose physicians correctly estimated their discomfort or pain were more likely to receive prescriptions than patients whose physicians underestimated their discomfort or pain. Patients whose physicians underestimated their activity limitation were most likely to report dissatisfaction with the treatment given. The results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that physicians who show concern about their patients and a desire to understand their problems establish better therapeutic relationships.
Virtual Versus Physical Government Decentralization: Effects on Corruption and the Shadow Economy

This paper examines the relative effectiveness of cross-national virtual decentralization and physical decentralization of government functions on corruption and the shadow economy. Results show that while virtual decentralization reduces both corruption and the shadow economy, physical decentralization reduces only the shadow economy. The e-government results are robust to alternate measures and specifications, while those of government tiers are not.
In Vitro Studies of Human Mast Cells

Lipid bodies (Fig. 14A) are spherical structures of inconstant size that may appear in small numbers in most nucleated cells (Fawcett 1981). They are identifiable in electron micrographs by their shape and variable osmiophilia and also because they lack a limiting membrane. Regular substructural internal patterns are absent from lipid bodies. Focal lucent areas and vesicular structures can sometimes be seen within lipid bodies (Fox et al. 1985). Certain preparation methods (Dvorak et al. 1972c) reveal a dense enveloping shell at the outer edges of lipid bodies. This outer shell lacks the ultrastructural criteria for a true trilaminar unit membrane. Lipid bodies can fuse with one another to form larger intracytoplasmic lipid aggregates. In mast cells lipid bodies are generally single. They may congregate in the paranuclear area and are intimately entwined in intermediate filaments (Dvorak et al. 1983d, 1984). Human mast cell granules (Fig. 14B–D), by contrast, have highly ordered substructural patterns (Dvorak et al. 1984). These include scrolls (Fig. 14B), crystals, particles (Fig. 14C), and mixtures of these patterns. Reticular patterns, or what has been referred to as intertwined beaded threads, can also be found within human mast cells in vivo as well as in control human mast cells isolated and partially purified from human lung and colon (Dvorak et al. 1984; Fox et al. 1985). In mature human mast cells, cytoplasmic granules vary in size and shape and nearly fill the cytoplasmic area. Granules are generally smaller than lipid bodies in the same cell. The average number of granules per thin section view is 103 in mature mast cells (Dvorak et al. 1986).
Theories and models incorporated into the landscape ecology framework

The heterogeneity of the landscape, the complexity of the components of the system, the change in the behaviour of populations living in such an environment and the pressure of the habitat resource constraints have a strong effect on organisms in that landscape.
CONVERTING DEPENDENT MODELS INTO INDEPENDENT ONES, WITH APPLICATIONS IN RELIABILITY

Abstract. Esary and Marshall show in the Ann. Statist. (1974) 2 that given a random vector (T l , …, T n ) with exponential minima, there exists a random vector (U l , …, U n ) with the Marshall-Olkin multivariate exponential (MVE) distribution such that min (T i l , …, T i k ) and min (U i l , …, U i k ) have the same distribution for every subset {i l , …, i k } of {l, …, n}.
Sampling-based binary-level cross-platform performance estimation

Fast and accurate performance estimation is a key challenge in modern system design. Recently, machine learning-based approaches have emerged that allow predicting the performance of an application on a target platform from executions on a different host. However, existing approaches rely on expensive instrumentation that requires source code to be available. We propose a novel sampling-based, binary-level cross-platform prediction method that accurately predicts performance of a workload on a target by relying on various performance statistics sampled on a host using built-in hardware counters. In our proposed framework, samples acquired from the host and target do not satisfy straightforward one-to-one correspondence that characterizes prior instrumentation-based approaches. The resulting alignment problem is NP-hard; to solve it efficiently, we develop a stochastic dynamic coupling (SDC) algorithm which, under mild assumptions, with high probability closely approximates optimal alignment. The prediction model constructed using SDC-aligned samples achieves on average 96.5% accuracy for 45 benchmarks at speeds of over 3 GIPS. At similar accuracies, this is up to 6× faster than instrumentation-based prediction, and approximately twice the speed of executing the same applications natively on our ARM target.
Lacerations of the Soul: Rejection-Sensitive Business School Faculty and Perceived Publication Performance

Work-related rejections, such as missing a promotion, failing to land a job, losing a client, or having a paper rejected, are common work experiences, and for some, such disappointments could be de...