cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concept of Operations for Triage of Mechanical Ventilation in an Epidemic

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome and the growing potential of an influenza pandemic force us to consider the fact that despite great advances in critical care medicine, we lack the capacity to provide intensive care to the large number of patients that may be generated in an epidemic or multisite bioterrorism event. Because many epidemic and bioterrorist agent illnesses involve respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation is a frequently required intervention but one that is in limited supply. In advance of such an event, we must develop triage criteria that depend on clinical indicators of survivability and resource utilization to allocate scarce health care resources to those who are most likely to benefit. These criteria must be tiered, flexible, and implemented regionally, rather than institutionally, with the backing of public health agencies and relief of liability. This report provides a sample concept of operations for triage of mechanical ventilation in epidemic situations and discusses some of the ethical principles and pitfalls of such systems.
Effect of Music Complexity on Nonmusicians' Focus of Attention to Melody or Harmony

This study is a replication and extension of a previous study to investigate the effect of musical complexity on nonmusicians' focus of attention to melody or harmony. The research questions addressed were as follows: (a) Is there a difference in focus of attention among levels of melodic complexity and harmonic complexity? (b) Is there a significant difference in focus of attention between melodic complexity and harmonic complexity? (c) Is there a significant difference between focus of attention responses and perceived focus of attention to melody or harmony? Participants (N = 126) were drawn from university nonmusic majors attending a large, comprehensive university in the Midwest. The music complexity variable consisted of four levels of melodic complexity and four levels of harmonic complexity each paired for a total of 16 possible combinations. Participants indicated their overall perceived focus of attention for melody and harmony. Significant differences were found for demonstrated focus of attent...
Modified Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities in Discrete Settings

Motivated by the rate at which the entropy of an ergodic Markov chain relative to its stationary distribution decays to zero, we study modified versions of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities in the discrete setting of finite Markov chains and graphs. These inequalities turn out to be weaker than the standard log-Sobolev inequality, but stronger than the Poincare’ (spectral gap) inequality. We show that, in contrast with the spectral gap, for bounded degree expander graphs, various log-Sobolev constants go to zero with the size of the graph. We also derive a hypercontractivity formulation equivalent to our main modified log-Sobolev inequality. Along the way we survey various recent results that have been obtained in this topic by other researchers.
Use of simulation-based education to improve resident learning and patient care in the medical intensive care unit: a randomized trial.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of simulation-based education on the knowledge and skills of internal medicine residents in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). Methods and Materials From January 2009 to January 2010, 60 first-year residents at a tertiary care teaching hospital were randomized by month of rotation to an intervention group (simulator-trained, n=26) and a control group (traditionally trained, n=34). Simulator-trained residents completed 4 hours of simulation-based education before their medical intensive care unit (MICU) rotation. Topics included circulatory shock, respiratory failure, and mechanical ventilation. After their rotation, residents completed a standardized bedside skills assessment using a 14-item checklist regarding respiratory mechanics, ventilator settings, and circulatory parameters. Performance of simulator-trained and traditionally trained residents was compared using a 2-tailed independent-samples t test. Results Simulator-trained residents scored significantly higher on the bedside skills assessment compared with traditionally trained residents (82.5% ± 10.6% vs 74.8% ± 14.1%, P = .027). Simulator-trained residents were highly satisfied with the simulation curriculum. Conclusions Simulation-based education significantly improved resident knowledge and skill in the MICU. Knowledge acquired in the simulated environment was transferred to improved bedside skills caring for MICU patients. Simulation-based education is a valuable adjunct to standard clinical training for residents in the MICU.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes

Overproduction of glucose by gluconeogenesis is a primary determinant of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Current drugs neither inhibit glucose production directly nor provide adequate glycemic control. As reviewed herein, the recent discovery and characterization of potent and selective inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) has provided new insights into the therapeutic utility of gluconeogenesis inhibitors and the potential of FBPase inhibitors as a new class of antidiabetic drugs.
Recombination and DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis transformation.

Abstract A culture of Bacillus subtilis cells grown for many generations in heavy ( 15 N 2 H) medium containing [2- 14 C]thymidine was transferred midway through the competence regimen to light ( 14 N 1 H) medium and transforming DNA was added after the cells had become competent in the light medium. (Competent cells cannot be prepared in heavy medium.) DNA extracted from the resulting transforned cells was analyzed on a CsCl density gradient. Donor and recombinant transforming activity were found predominantly in the hybrid region, while the bulk of the DNA was predominantly in the fully replicated, light, region. This confirms the marked retardation of DNA synthesis in competent relative to non-competent cells. Recentrifuging the fractions between hybrid and light regions showed that the recombinant DNA was entirely hybrid in density. A parallel experiment indicated that the lysis procedures used in this experiment preserved the structure of the replicating points. Thus, integration does not appear to occur preferentially at replication point regions, which are expected at intermediate densities. These data do not, however, distinguish whether new replication points are induced by recombination or whether extensive repair DNA synthesis occurs after integration.
Relation between the infrared spectrum of water and decarboxylation kinetics in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in dichloromethane

The structure of water in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) reverse micelles in dichloromethane has been studied as a function of W = [H2O]/[surfactant] by using the IR absorption due to O−H stretching modes in the 3800−3000 cm-1 range. We restricted our analysis to the region of small amounts of water (0 5. The rate effects can be ascribed to an increase in polarity and hydration of the reaction region as water is added and are related quantitatively to changes in the IR spectrum.
Socio-technical coordination (keynote)

Product architecture structures the coordination problem that the development organization must solve. The modularity strategy establishes design rules that fix module functionality and interfaces, and assigns development work for each module to a single team. The modules present relatively independent coordination problems that teams attempt to solve with all the traditional coordination mechanisms available to them. The applicability and effectiveness of this strategy is limited with increasing technical and organizational volatility. In the absence of theory explaining why and when modularity works, the technique is brittle, with very little firm basis for adjustment or for complementing it with other strategies. I present a theory of coordination, based on decision networks, that generalizes the modularity strategy. I review evidence testing several hypotheses derived from the theory, and explore how this theoretical view can drive coordination research and provide a theoretical basis for practical techniques to assist architects, developers, and managers.
Scattering by imperfectly conducting spheres

The theory of scattering by an imperfectly conducting, dielectric, or plasma sphere is reviewed briefly. Numerical values of the backscattering and forward scattering cross sections of spheres are given over wide ranges of radius, conductivity, and permittivity including both positive and negative values. The angle of the electric field in the forward and backward directions is also represented.
Dynamic stall progress in analysis and prediction

A comprehensive review of research in dynamic stall is presented with applications for helicopters, fighter aircraft, and wind turbines illustrated and evaluated. Emphasis is placed on review of research contributing to better understanding of the dynamic stall mechanism, including influence of type of motion, Mach number, Reynolds number, and three-dimensional effects.
Anthrax lethal toxin enhances cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression on human endothelial cells

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to play a prominent role in systemic anthrax pathogenesis. We examined the effect of anthrax lethal toxin (LTx), a key virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on normal and cytokine-stimulated human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Confluent endothelial monolayers were treated with lethal factor (LF), protective antigen (PA), or both (LTx) in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). LTx enhanced cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. LTx alone had no effect on VCAM-1 expression. LF, PA or the combination of a catalytically inactive mutant LF and PA failed to enhance cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Treatment with inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MEKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases did not reproduce the VCAM-1 enhancement effect of LTx, a known MEK metalloprotease, suggesting LTx-mediated MEK cleavage may not be a contributing factor.
Modeling the Primary Size Effects of Citrate-Coated Silver Nanoparticles on Their Ion Release Kinetics

Ion release is an important environmental behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and characterization of Ag+ release is critical for understanding the environmental fate, transport, and biological impacts of AgNPs. The ion release kinetics of AgNPs with three primary diameters (20, 40, and 80 nm) were studied by dispersing them in quarter-strength Hoagland medium at two initial concentrations (300 and 600 μg/L). Ag+ release rates were found to depend on primary particle size and concentration, when other environmental factors (e.g., dissolved oxygen and protons) were kept constant. A kinetic model was developed to describe the Ag+ release based on the hard sphere theory using the Arrhenius equation. The model fitted the experimental data well with correlation coefficients of 0.97–0.99, and the model usefully interpreted the dependence of ion release kinetics on the primary particle size and concentration. Moreover, the effects of environmental factors (e.g., dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and salin...
Mutagenesis of putative serine–threonine phosphorylation sites proximal to Arg255 of human cytochrome P450c17 does not selectively promote its 17,20-lyase activity

Objective To investigate the role of serine–threonine phosphorylation on the activity of human P450c17. Design In vitro study. Setting Academic basic research laboratory. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) P450c17 expression constructs with a FLAG-tag on either the C-terminus or N-terminus of the protein were generated. Human C-terminal FLAG-tagged P450c17 chromosomal DNA was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Serine 258 and threonine 260 each were mutated to alanine and aspartic acid. The mutant P450c17s were expressed in COS-7 cells, and the enzymatic activities were measured. Main Outcome Measure(s) 17α-Hydroxylase and C 17–20 lyase activities of human P450c17. Result(s) C-terminal FLAG-tagged P450c17 functioned indistinguishably from the wild-type P450c17. Mutants S258A, S258D, and T260D had significantly less 17α-hydroxylase and C 17–20 lyase activities than the wild type. Conclusion(s) Adding an epitope tag to the C-terminus of the P450c17 protein does not interfere with its activities and will be a useful tool to isolate human P450c17 protein from cultured cells. Phosphorylation of serine 258 but not threonine 260 may act as a physiologic regulator of both enzymatic activities through interaction with obligatory redox partners.
Comparison of cone-mediated electroretinograms obtained before and after vincristine chemotherapy.

Vincristine has been shown to reduce the amplitude of postreceptoral electroretinographic components in the isolated arterially perfused cat eye. We examined whether a similar effect occurs in vincristine chemotherapy. In the three patients tested, cone—mediated electroretinograms recorded before and after vincristine chemotherapy were not different. This observation is likely to reflect the lower doses of vincristine used therapeutically.
Lipid A mimetics are potent adjuvants for an intranasal pneumonic plague vaccine.

Abstract An effective intranasal (i.n.) vaccine against pneumonic plague was developed. The formulation employed two synthetic lipid A mimetics as adjuvant combined with Yersinia pestis -derived V- and F1-protective antigens. The two nontoxic lipid A mimetics, classed as amino-alkyl glucosaminide 4-phosphates (AGPs) are potent ligands for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Using a murine (BALB/c) pneumonic plague model, we showed a single i.n. application of the vaccine provided 63% protection within 21 days against a Y. pestis CO92 100 LD 50 challenge. Protection reached 100% by 150 days. Using a homologous i.n. 1°/2° dose regimen, with the boost administered at varying times, 63% protection was achieved within 7 days and 100% protection was achieved by 21 days after the first immunization. Little or no protection was observed in animals that received antigens alone, and no protection was observed when the vaccine was administered to BALB/c TLR4 mutant mice. Vaccine-induced serum IgG titers to F1 and V-antigen were reflected in high titers for IgG1 and IgG2a, the latter reflecting a bias for a cell-mediated (T H 1) immune response. This intranasal vaccine showed 90% protection in Sprague–Dawley rats challenged with 1000 LD 50 . We conclude that lipid A mimetics are highly effective adjuvants for an i.n. plague vaccine.
Linear trend-free Box–Behnken designs

Abstract We give a general description of constructing Box–Behnken designs by combining ideas and concepts from incomplete block designs and 2k factorial designs. The structure is then exploited to construct linear trend-free designs. The individual steps in this process are described and illustrated by examples.
Vapor–liquid equilibrium for model Fischer–Tropsch waxes (hexadecane, 1-hexadecene, and 1-hexadecanol) in supercritical hexane

Abstract Vapor and liquid equilibrium compositions have been measured for the hexane+1-hexadecene system at 472.1, 524.7, and 572.5 K and at pressures ranging from 7.9 to 40.1 bar. A continuous-flow apparatus was used both to minimize 1-hexadecene polymerization and to measure the low 1-hexadecene concentrations in the vapor phase. Mixture critical pressures and compositions were measured for the two temperatures above the critical point of hexane. Results with 1-hexadecene are compared with those recently obtained for binary mixtures of hexane with hexadecane and 1-hexadecanol, respectively. The data for these three binary systems have been correlated with the Peng–Robinson equation of state.
Improved apparatus for trapped radical and other studies down to 1.5 K.

This note describes a Dewar system and associated apparatus for trapped free radical and other studies at temperatures down to 1.5 K. Cylindrical and rectangular microwave cavaties can be used.
Charge Imaging Matrix For Infrared Scanning

Two-dimensional arrays of a novel infrared detector, the Charge Imaging Matrix, (CIM), based on HgCdTe charge transfer devices have been demonstrated on p-type HgCdTe of 0.13 eV and 0.25 eV bandgap at 78K. The purpose was to demonstrate a detector for scanned infrared focal plane applications. A principle feature of a CIM is that it can be operated at high readout rates with off-chip TDI (time-delay-integration) using silicon circuitry and thus avoiding the excessive well capacity requirements of CCDs at long wave-lengths. A CIM pixel has three principle elements: (1) a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) detector with semitransparent metal gate for infrared detection separated from (2) a sense diode by (3) an opaque MIS transfer gate for charge transfer control. CIMs can be operated at high readout rates because their operation does not require charge injection as does CID operation. Instead, the charge is extracted from the sense diode during the preset operation allowing data rates to exceed one megahertz. Arrays with up to 9 x 8 pixels on 76.2 um centers were fabricated on material with hole concentrations of 1-5 x 1015 cm-3 at 78K using processes similar to those used to fabri-cate HgCdTe CCDs and CIDs [1]. Diodes were formed by boron ion implantation. CIM devices with 4-5 pm and 9-10 pm cutoff wavelengths were tested at 78K for operability, spectral response, inter-pixel crosstalk, and detectivity. Their design, fabrication, and electro-optical tests will be discussed.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Iron indices: What do they really mean?

Routine monitoring of body iron stores is an essential component of overall management for the patient on hemodialysis. Adequate iron levels are important for the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, which is associated with reduced physical functioning, cardiovascular disease, and poor quality of life. Hemodialysis patients are at especially high risk for iron-deficiency anemia, owing to continuous blood losses and supraphysiologic levels of erythropoiesis driven by recombinant human erythropoietin therapy. Unfortunately, the accurate determination of iron status in these patients can be a challenging task, which is made more difficult by inflammation, infections, and the large number of comorbid conditions that can affect commonly used indices of body iron stores. Despite their limitations, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum ferritin remain the cornerstones of iron status assessment. Because these values can be altered by a number of non-iron-related factors, it is necessary to go beyond these measures and draw upon additional sources of information to determine the patient's iron status. Other important factors to consider when assessing the need for iron therapy include evidence of underlying inflammatory processes that may block iron mobilization and distort the standard iron indices, the results of alternative iron indices, and the patient's recent history of iron administration. Frequently, the response to a gram of intravenous (i.v.) iron is a safe and effective way to determine the role of iron deficiency in the anemia of the problematic patient. The chronic inflammatory state associated with malnutrition and clinical or subclinical infections substantially increases the risk of misdiagnosing the patient with iron overload and may place the patient at risk of iron deficiency owing to inappropriate withdrawal of i.v. iron therapy. To avoid the risks of withholding iron therapy, the nephrologist must keep this relationship in mind whenever serum ferritin testing suggests replete iron stores, whereas TSAT testing suggests insufficient iron availability.
A physiological test for electrotonic coupling between CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slices

Antidromic stimulation in slices of rat hippocampal cortex was used to test for electrotonic coupling between CA1 pyramidal neurons. The slices were incubated in low Ca2+ medium containing Mn2+, in order to block chemical synapses. In a small percentage of intracellular recordings, short-latency depolarizations could be observed after chemical transmission had been blocked. Preceding somatic action potential did not block the depolarizations. This indirect test provides electrophysiological evidence for coupling between some CA1 pyramidal cells.
Winning the tournament for named professorships in management

We apply tournament theory to explain the process within which selection of named professorships takes place and a procedural justice test to justify winning the named professorship tournament. Specifically, we estimate the probability that management professors hold one of the highest rewards for academic research productivity, a named professorship, as a function of his or her research credentials, as measured by the number of articles published in a small core of elite management journals. Alphabetically, these are Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, Journal of Operations Management, Management Science, Operations Research, Organization Science, and Strategic Management Journal. Although each of the eight journals is positively related to the probability of attaining a named professorship, the Academy of Management Review and the Academy of Management Journal emerge as the two most influential management journals.
Pancreatic resection of isolated metastases from nonpancreatic primary cancers

Background The goal of this study is to report the safety and efficacy of pancreatic resection for isolated metastatic cancers from nonpancreatic primary disease.
Sensation seeking, trait, and state anxiety, and the electrodermal orienting response.

The relationship between sensation seeking and the orienting reflex (OR) using skin conductance change is investigated in two experiments. In Experiment I, high sensation seekers gave a greater initial OR In novel visual stimuli while not differing in habituation on subsequent trials. In Experiment II. the paradigm was extended to include auditory as well as visual stimuli. Again, high sensation seekers were found to be more arousable with respect to initial ORs while not differing in habituation rates. The results suggest that sensation seekers may be characterized as having strong excitatory CNS processes. In Experiment II, anxiety (trait and state) was also related to the OR. There were no effects due to trait anxiety but state anxiety did yield significant differences. The more highly anxious (state) subjects had weaker initial ORs than lows in both novel tones, but not to repeated tones. The findings with state anxiety are consistent with findings by others using anxiety neurotics as subjects.
Patterned Optical Trapping with High Efficiency on a 2D Photonic Crystal Platform

We demonstrate a method to generate patterned optical trapping on a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) substrate. Enhanced trapping is achieved with a loosely focused laser beam. The pattern and scale of the optical traps is determined by the 2D PC structure.
Stathmokinetic agents and the mitotic index in embryo and adult rats.

Abstract The effect of Colchicine, Demecolcin (Colcemid) and Vinblastine on the mitotic indices of rats has been examined. In adult rats the mitotic index increased in the order: Colchicine, Demecolcin, Vinblastine. In embryos the indices found did not reflect the mitotic behaviour of the normal embryo. It was concluded that these agents restricted the number of cells entering division in the embryo. As a possible cause an inhibition of DNA synthesis was suggested. This inhibitory effect was not observed in adult animals.
Differential involvement of the core and shell subregions of the nucleus accumbens in conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats.

The nucleus accumbens (NAC) is theorized to be a critical element of the neural circuitry that mediates relapse to cocaine seeking. Evidence suggests that the NAC is a functionally heterogeneous structure, and the core (NACc) and shell (NACs) regions of the NAC may play a differential role in stimulus-induced motivated behavior. Thus, determination of the involvement of NAC subregions in conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is warranted. The present study compared the effects of GABA agonist-induced inactivation of the NACc versus NACs on conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior. Rats were trained to lever press for cocaine infusions (0.20 mg/infusion, IV) paired with presentations of a light-tone stimulus complex. Responding was then allowed to extinguish prior to reinstatement testing. Reinstatement of cocaine seeking (i.e. responses on the previously cocaine-paired lever) was measured in the presence of response-contingent presentation of the light-tone stimulus complex following microinfusion of muscimol+baclofen (Mus+Bac, 0.1/1.0 mM, respectively, 0.3 μl/side) or vehicle into the NACc or NACs. The effects of these manipulations on locomotor activity were also examined. Mus+Bac-induced inactivation of the NACc abolished, whereas inactivation of the NACs failed to alter, conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of operant responding relative to vehicle pretreatment. Time course analyses of the effects of these manipulations on locomotion versus operant responding confirmed that the effects of Mus+Bac on reinstatement were not due to suppression of general activity. The functional integrity of the NACc, but not the NACs, is necessary for conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior.
Comparison of cognitive complexity of male and female subjects responding to male and female stimuli.

The Role Repertory Test was administered to 172 undergraduate students. Half of the right stimulus objects in the test were male and half were female. Male stimulus objects elicited higher cognitive complexity scores and male Ss were higher in cognitive complexity.
Neonatal microscopic polyangiitis secondary to transfer of maternal myeloperoxidase–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody resulting in neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and renal involvement

Background Microscopic polyangiitis is a systemic vasculitis characterized by small vessel involvement. Studies suggest myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) is involved in its pathogenesis, and the titer may reflect disease activity. Objective To report a case of transplacental transfer of MPO-ANCA from a mother to a 33-week gestational age neonate that resulted in neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and renal involvement that was successfully treated with high-dose steroid therapy and exchange transfusion. Methods MPO-ANCA titers from the cord blood and the neonate on the 8th, 15th, and 25th days of life (DOLs) were obtained. Metabolic panels and chest x-ray examinations were performed for the neonate and mother and the following values were measured: ANCA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibody, serial urinalysis, and complete blood cell count. Anti–glomerular basement membrane, quantitative immunoglobulins, anticardiolipin antibody, and rheumatoid factor were also measured for the neonate. Results The neonate had elevated MPO-ANCA titers at birth. Pulmonary hemorrhage and renal involvement were seen on DOL 2. High-dose steroid therapy decreased symptoms within 1.5 hours of initiation. Exchange transfusion performed on DOL 5 removed all of the remaining MPO-ANCA by DOL 25. The child remains asymptomatic to date. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of transplacental transfer of MPO-ANCA resulting in pulmonary-renal syndrome that was successfully treated with high-dose steroid therapy and exchange transfusion.
Dark modulation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the chloroplast

The properties of the system which reverses light modulation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in pea chloroplasts were examined. A factor catalyzing dark modulation of these enzymes was found. This factor cochromatographed with thioredoxin in all systems used (Sephacryl S-200, Sephadex G-75, DEAE-cellulose). Inhibition of dithiothreitol-dependent modulation and of dark reversal by antibody against Escherichia coli thioredoxin further suggest that the dark factor is in fact thioredoxin. It appears that the reaction is the reverse of the previously described dithiothreitol-dependent thioredoxin-catalyzed modulation of enzymes. The limiting step in vitro seems to be the oxidation of thioredoxin during the dark period.
Paramagnetic Silica-Coated Nanocrystals as an Advanced MRI Contrast Agent

We present a robust and general method for embedding nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QD) or colloidal gold (Au) nanocrystals, into a highly water-soluble thin silica shell doped with paramagnetic gadolinium (Gd3+) ions without negatively impacting the optical properties of the QD or Au nanoparticle cores. The ultrathin silica shell has been covalently linked to Gd3+ ions chelator, tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid (DOTA). The resulting complex has a diameter of 8 to 15 nm and is soluble in high ionic strength buffers at pH values ranging from approximately 4 to 11. For this system, nanoparticle concentrations exceed 50 μM, while most other nanoparticles might aggregate. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments at clinical magnetic field strengths of 1.4 T (1H resonance frequency of 60 MHz), the gadolinium−DOTA (Gd−DOTA) attached to SiO2-coated QDs has a spin−lattice (T1) particle relaxivity (r1) and a spin−spin (T2) particle relaxivity (r2) of 1019 ± 19 mM-1s-1 and 2438 ± 46 mM-1 s-1, resp...
Mobile Robotic System for Ground Testing of Multi- Spacecraft Proximity Operations

Ground testing of multi-spacecraft proximity operations with hardware in-the-loop is currently an expensive and challenging process. We present our approach to this problem, applicable to proximity operations of small spacecraft. We are developing a novel autonomous mobile robotic system to emulate full 6 degree of freedom relative motion at high fidelity. An omni-directional robotic base provides unlimited 3-DOF planar motion with moderate precision, while a micron-class hexapod on top provides high precision, limited 6-DOF motion. This multi-vehicle robotic system is designed to accommodate multiple untethered vehicles simultaneously, allowing for the real-time emulation of relative motion for a large variety of multi-spacecraft proximity operations. Compared with other facilities with similar goals, this approach will allow greater freedom of motion at a target operating cost much lower than existing facilities. We believe these capabilities will be invaluable to the growing number of small and micro satellite programs.
Attentional control mediates fearful responding to an ecologically valid stressor

Background and Objectives: Attentional control (AC) is defined as the ability to voluntarily shift and disengage attention and is thought to moderate the relationship between preexisting risk factors for fear and the actual experience of fear. Design: This longitudinal study elaborates on current models of AC by examining whether AC moderates or mediates effects of an ecologically valid stressor (a college examination) and also whether AC is predictive of state-like fear over longer timescales than previously reported. Methods: Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that AC would moderate the relationship between trait anxiety and affective distress in response to the examination stressor. We also tested a competing mediational model based on AC theory. These models were tested in two separate samples (sample 1, N = 219; sample 2, N = 129; Total N = 348) at two time points, at the beginning of a college semester in a large undergraduate class and 5 minutes prior to a college examination. Results: Med...
Abstract A11: Development and validation of a scale to measure patient perceived similarity to their navigator.

Background: The patient-physician relationship is strengthened when patients see themselves as similar to their physicians in personal beliefs, values, and communication. However, it is unclear whether or not this finding extends to the relationship between a patient and an allied health worker such as a navigator. Objective: To develop and validate a brief scale that measures the extent to which patients feel they are similar to their navigator. Methods: The Perceived Navigator Similarity (PN-S) questionnaire was adapted from the Perceived Similarities Measure (by Street, RL et al, 2008). The PN-S was developed to assess how patients perceived personal, cultural, ethnic, racial, religious, and social group similarity to their navigator. The scale was administered to 42 cancer patients assigned to the navigation arm of a randomized controlled trial. Each of the patients had the opportunity to work with their navigator (at varying intensities based on patient needs and/or preference) at some point during the first six months of their breast or colorectal cancer treatment. During their final assessment of the study, each patient was asked to complete two assessments about their relationship with their navigator in particular: Satisfaction Interpersonal Relationship with Navigator (SN-I)- and Perceived Navigator Similarity (PN-S); as well as an assessment of their Satisfaction with Care (SC) during their cancer treatment. We assessed convergent validity by examining the correlation between PN-S and SN-Iand SC. We assessed divergent validity by examining the correlation between PN-S and age, gender, education and REALM score. Results: A principal component analyses from the PN-S questionnaire revealed two main factors: one relating to sociocultural identity/ethnic similarity (spiritual, beliefs, ethnic backgrounds, free time, race, culture, skin color) and another related to communication (speak, reason, communicate). These factors were confirmed on scale rotation. The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach coefficient alpha = 0.83). As hypothesized, there proved to be a statistically significant correlation between the PN-S and the 9-item Interpersonal SN-I (p=.47), as well as with the SC (p=.36). There was no statistically significant correlation between PN-S and gender, age, REALM-short form, or education. Conclusion: The PN-S appears to be a psychometrically sound tool to measure perceived patient similarity with their navigator. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether perceived similarity is associated with improved outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A11.
Mechanisms for deuteron production in relativistic nuclear collisions

A variety of mechanisms for deuteron production in relativistic nuclear collisions are considered. These include the coalescence model, the sudden approximation model, and the static thermal model. A new model based on time dependent perturbation theory is presented. A solution of the rate equations for a hydrodynamically expanding fireball suggests that chemical equilibrium might be achieved in central collisions. Emphasis is placed on the physical assumptions of the various models, their limitations, and their subtly different predictions. Of some importance is the effect of impact parameter averaging which, when written in terms of the usual power law relationship, introduces the necessity for measuring various two particle correlation functions to check the self-consistency of these models.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic heavy ions, models for deuteron production $p\ensuremath{-}n$ correlations.
Nanoporous polymer materials based on self-organized, bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal assemblies and their applications

Bicontinuous cubic (Q) lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) phases formed by the self-organization of amphiphiles in water are intriguing structures for transport applications because they possess ordered, 3D-interconnected water nanochannels. Q-phase polymer materials can be formed by templated polymerization of conventional monomers around Q phases or direct polymerization of Q phases formed by reactive amphiphiles. Herein, we provide an overview of work in these areas, with a focus on our group’s work on polymers prepared by the direct cross-linking of reactive Q phases and their development into functional materials.
Ultraviolet radiation induces a change in cell membrane potential in vitro: a possible signal for ultraviolet radiation induced alteration in cell activity.

The regulation of a transmembrane ionic gradient, reflected by the cellular membrane potential, has been shown in several cell systems to be involved in the regulation of cell function. This investigation presents evidence that biologically relevant doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) will alter the membrane potential of keratinocytes in vitro. Estimation of the relative change in the steady-state membrane potential of the murine keratinocyte cell line PAM 212, the murine myelomonocytic cell line P388D., and normal human keratinocytes in culture, were made through the use of the lipophilic cationic membrane potential sensitive probe; triphenylmethylphosphonium. Our observations indicate that UVR composed primarily of UVB (280–320 nm) radiation at doses as low as 100 J/m2 can induce a depolarization in the murine cell lines and a hyperpoiarization in human keratinocytes. Evidence suggests that this difference in the direction of the membrane potential response reflects a difference in Na+/K+ ATPase activity following UVR. These results suggest a possible mechanism for modulation of keratinocyte activity induced by UVR.
The Absorptance of Infrared Radiation by Methane at Elevated Temperatures

In large-scale fires and flames, radiative transport can be an important factor determining the rate of fuel volatilization and flame spread in condensed fuels, and in general can affect the amount of soot that is produced by the flame. The radiant flux can be significantly attenuated by core hydrocarbon gases that have absorption features in the infrared. The spectral absorptance of the {upsilon}{sub 3} (centered at approximately 3020 cm{sup -1}) and {upsilon}{sub 4} (centered at approximately 1306 cm{sup -1}) fundamental bands of methane were measured at elevated temperatures. The measurements were made using a FTIR spectrometer coupled to a gas cell that was maintained at a constant temperature in a furnace. The partial pressure of the methane was varied between 5 and 95 percent, yielding pressure path lengths between 1.14 and 21.74 atm-cm. The total pressure was maintained at 1 atm. Measurements were made at temperatures between 296 and 900 K. The effect of spectral resolution on the measurements and derived parameters was examined. Spectral resolutions between 4 and 32 cm{sup -1} were used. The spectral mean parameters of line strength and line shape were determined for the Elsasser narrow band radiation model using the data taken at a resolutionmore » of 4 cm{sup -1}. The band model parameters were incorporated into RADCAL, a narrow band model used to predict spectral intensity and transmittance. 13 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.« less
Tumor-related blocking of anti-fetal immunity.

Abstract A modified spleen colony assay was employed to evaluate the effect of various tumor-related factors upon the in vivo effectiveness of anti-fetal immunity. Reduction of fetal liver (hemopoietic) colony formation by in vitro incubation of fetal liver cells with lymph node cells sensitized to syngeneic fetal liver or plasma cell tumor was blocked by (1) solubilized fetal antigen, (2) serum from mice recently immunized with syngeneic fetal liver and (3) serum from patients with metastatic colon cancer. In the latter, the degree of blocking correlated with plasma CEA levels. Both humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms of anti-fetal immunity were blocked in plasma cell tumor-bearing mice, suggesting in vivo suppression of the immune response via circulating tumor-associated fetal antigen.
Determination of Cyclin D1 and CD20 mRNA Levels by Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR from Archival Tissue Sections of Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Other Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Cyclin D1 overexpression is a valuable marker for the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We used a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method to quantify levels of cyclin D1, CD20, and cyclophilin A mRNA in manually microdissected, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using an ABI 7700 qRT-PCR system. The study group included 21 cases of MCL and 37 cases of other types of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cyclin D1 mRNA copy number was normalized to CD20 and cyclophilin A mRNA and evaluated statistically by analysis of variance. The relative cyclin D1 levels were similar whether normalized to CD20 or cyclophilin A, indicating that CD20 levels are stable and can be used as a B-cell-specific normalizer. Statistically significant differences were found in the median levels of cyclin D1 mRNA (expressed as % CD20 mRNA) among cases of MCL (87.6), small lymphocytic lymphoma (9.9), follicular lymphoma (2.4), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (5.9), marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (39.8), and Burkitt lymphoma (7.1) (P
NOCARDIOSIS IN CHINOOK SALMON

Granulomatous oral masses were observed in two Chinook salmon (Oncorhyncus tschwytscha) smolts with systemic nocardiosis. Gross and histopathological lesions are described indicating the proliferative inflammatory nature of this diesase.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) POTENTIATES LH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS BY RAT OVARIAN THECA-INTERSTITIAL (TI) CELLS

INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I (IGF-I) POTENTIATES LH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS BY RAT OVARIAN THECA-INTERSTITIAL (TI) CELLS
Computer identification of brachial arterial pulse waves

Abstract A digital computer program is described for automatic identification of the clinically important points in the externally recorded brachial pulse wave. The logic of recognition is designed to locate these points in any type of brachial pulse wave. Intrinsic to the program is the identification of possible errors of recognition at each step. In 332 brachial pulse wave records comparisons between statistics calculated from the computer identified points with corresponding measurements calculated from points identified by an experienced physician showed correlation coefficients varying between .94 and .99 indicating good agreement.
The problem of nasal polyps.

Abstract The ancients were well aware of the presence of nasal polyps and of the problems which they presented, and they devised ingenious methods for their removal. The evaluation of the present knowledge of the etiology and treatment of nasal polyps must be viewed with a degree of skepticism engendered by a lack of unanimity of opinion. We do not now know the etiology of polyps. Polyps do not occur solely as the result of allergy; many allergic patients (with seasonal and perennial allergy) do not have them. Polyps represent a hyperplastic change of one portion or all of the nasal or sinal mucosa. Clinicians fail to distinguish between polyps that occur in one person and those that occur in another. This might explain why the same management or procedure is ineffective in one patient and effective in another. A patient with nasal polyps must be distinguished by an additional factor, possibly an inherited structural deficiency of connective tissue. Atopic patients with seasonal and perennial rhinitis associated with extensive nasal polyps may undergo surgery of the nose and/or sinuses. Nonatopic persons, however, are best approached with surgical reluctance, since bronchial asthma develops rapidly in this group. Dissatisfaction with present methods of management arises from failure to control the regrowth of polyps. This applies to those patients whose rate of recurrence of polyps has been prolific and rampant. Attention is directed to the fact that polyps may be a presenting part of underlying tumors, thereby clouding the true nature of the growth pattern. Furthermore, the proliferative nature of polyps may indicate a type of pathologic entity termed "inverting papilloma," erroneously considered to be "merely polyps." An integrated study by the allergist and the rhinologist should be encouraged if the problem is to be solved.
Summary: What have we learned about the impact of technology in hospitality operations?

Purpose – The purpose of this summary is to review the question: What have we learned about the impact of technology in hospitality operations? Design/methodology/approach – The summary considers the contribution made by each theme issue article to an overall understanding of the impact of technology – past, present and future – on human resource practices and in terms of monitoring guest satisfaction in hospitality operations. Findings – The summary cites examples of technological innovation and discusses the implications of biometric authentication for hospitality operations, organization, and management. Practical implications – The paper summarizes the types of change that are being driven by developments in technology and comments on the operational implications. Originality/value – The paper interlinks with the editorial and provides a concise review of the range of innovations that are continuing as a direct result of advances in technology.
Some remarks on the finite-difference time-domain modeling of rotating charges

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of a charge executing uniform circular motion is presented. It is demonstrated that the successful realization of this task requires initializing the FDTD time-stepping with the static electric field that the charge creates, which is computed by solving the associated Poisson problem. Next, the motion of the charge is described using the charge conservation Current Density Decomposition scheme which effectively describes the time varying charge distribution via equivalent currents. The numerically predicted electric field created by the charge motion is compared against the analytically expected solution as provided by the Lienard-Wiechert potentials.
The new information literate: Open collaboration and information production in schools

Widespread participation in collaborative writing and public discourse on blogs, news sites, Wikipedia and other online information sources is creating a new class of information literacy skills. In a series of qualitative studies, I examined high school students’ information assessment practices as they helped build a collaborative online information source. I identified two types of strategies for assessing information sources: first-order strategies involve adopting known heuristics for assessing sources whereas second-order strategies involve reflective construction of standards based on students’ understanding of how information is produced and the tasks in which they are engaged. I link these constructs to the literature on knowledge building and use them to explain both information assessment strategies and how participation in information production on open collaboration platforms can provide learners with a concrete vantage point from which to consider the information sources they use. Moreover, I find that learners can experience responsibility for contributing to new knowledge in several dimensions, including a shared and individual sense of responsibility in both local and global contexts. Finally, I discuss implications of these findings for research on collaboration and learning as well as for educational practice.