cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phage display mapping for peptide 11 sensitive sequences binding to laminin-1.

Abstract We utilized a 9-mer random phage display library to identify sequences which bind to laminin-1 and elute with heparan sulfate or peptide 11 (CDPGYIGSR). Laminin-1 derivatized plates were used for biopanning. Three consecutive rounds of low pH elutions were carried out, followed by three rounds of specific elutions, each consisting of a heparan sulfate elution followed by a peptide 11 elution. The random sequence inserts were sequenced for phage populations eluted at low pH, by heparan sulfate and by peptide 11. Specifically eluted phage populations exhibited three classes of mimotopes for different regions in the cDNA derived amino acid sequence of the 67 kDa laminin binding protein (LBP). These regions were (1) a palindromic sequence known as peptide G, (2) a predicted helical domain corresponding to LBP residues 205–229, and (3) TEDWS-containing C-terminal repeats. All elution conditions also yielded phage with putative heparin binding sequences. We modeled the LBP205–229 domain, which is strongly predicted to have a helical secondary structure, and determined that this region likely possesses heparin-binding characteristics located to one side of the helix, while the opposite side appears to contain a hydrophobic patch where peptide 11 could bind. Using ELISA plate assays, we demonstrated that peptide 11 and heparan sulfate individually bound to synthetic LBP205–229 peptide. We also demonstrated that the QPATEDWSA peptide could inhibit tumor cell adhesion to laminin-1. These data support the proposal that the 67 kDa LBP can bind the β-1 laminin chain at the peptide 11 region, and suggest that heparan sulfate is a likely alternate ligand for the binding interactions. Our results also confirm previous data suggesting that the most C-terminal region of the LBP, which contains the TEDWS repeats, is involved in cell adhesion to laminin-1, and we specifically implicate the repeat sequence in that activity.
Coordinated regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation by transforming growth factor beta 1 in cultured uterine epithelial cells.

Abstract Cell and tissue growth is regulated through a complex interplay of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. We describe two biological actions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in primary cultures of rabbit uterine epithelial cells: (i) inhibition of cell proliferation and (ii) a concomitant increase in cells undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is proposed that proliferation and apoptosis together comprise normal cell growth regulation.
Analysis of the Müller anterolateral femorotibial ligament reconstruction using a computerized knee model.

Iliotibial tract tenodesis has been described by Muller as part of the surgical treatment for anterolateral rota tory instability in the ACL deficient knee. The aim of this study was to use a previously described and vali dated computer model of the knee to calculate the effectiveness of Muller's extraarticular anterolateral fe morotibial ligament (ALFTL) graft as a substitute for the ACL or as an adjunct to an intraarticular ACL recon struction in the ACL deficient knee. This effectiveness was tested by simulating the application of a torque sufficient to create 15° of internal rotation or 5 mm of anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur at 0°, 15°, and 30° of knee flexion. The effects of moving the graft's proximal fixation point 1 cm superior, inferior, and anterior to the current surgical attachment site were examined to determine the amount of permissible surgical error in graft placement. The model predicts that the ALFTL is a useful restraint to internal rotation when it is performed with or...
GPS, atomic clocks and relativity

Discusses position determination of the user, atomic clocks in satellites, special relativity, Lorentz transformation, length contraction, time dilation, Doppler effect, and aging of the Navstar clocks. >
Disk-based program swapping in 8080-based microcomputers

Microcomputers, like large-scale computer systems, can benefit from executive routines which can interrupt a running program, save the program and its environment on a disk, and later reload the program and resume execution at the point of interruption. The process is discussed conceptually, and the specific routines for accomplishing the tasks in a North Star DOS environment are presented and documented.
From the Periphery to Center Stage: The Effects and Exploitation of the Other in Titus Andronicus and Assassin’s Creed III

Aaron the Moor from Titus Andronicus and Ratonhnhake:ton from Assassin’s Creed III are each aiding in a war against an international superpower, and both characters are plotting ways to advance and improve their respective culture. Aaron is seen as the villain and the antagonist, whereas Ratonhnhake:ton is seen as an individual who fights for freedom. However, once both characters’ usefulness is exhausted, they are easily characterized as the Other and lose whatever benefits they may have earned. They are tossed aside by the factions they are trying to help. Even though Assassin’s Creed III is a video game, the same issues of colonialism and imperialism can be investigated in this 21st-century genre as in Shakespeare’s play.
Liquid-based multicell optical limiter

We describe several methods for optimizing optical limiters, including a modification to existing geometries called the stepped limiter. We show that a stepped limiter may have a performance close to that of a fully optimized limiter with a graded molecular density. Given the difficulty in making a graded molecular density, the stepped limiter may be an attractive approach toward making practical devices. We also discuss the importance of damage threshold of the nonlinear limiting material on the limiter design and performance. Liquids have high damage thresholds and for this reason we may use tandem limiting geometries for devices based on nonlinear absorber molecules in liquid solutions. With currently available materials, this is still the best approach. Our experimental results on a tandem limiter based on Zn:tetra((rho) -methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphyrin show the best limiting performance to date.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Cardiovascular Surgery and Its Effect on Surgical Site Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance

Background—Despite evidence supporting short antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP), it is still common practice to continue ABP for more than 48 hours after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods and Results—To compare the effect of short ( 48 hours) ABP on surgical site infections (SSIs) and acquired antimicrobial resistance, we conducted an observational 4-year cohort study at a tertiary-care center. An experienced infection control nurse performed prospective surveillance of 2641 patients undergoing CABG surgery. The main exposure was the duration of ABP, and main outcomes were the adjusted rate of SSI and the isolation of cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (acquired antibiotic resistance). Adjustment for confounding was performed by multivariable modeling. A total of 231 SSIs (8.7%) occurred after a median of 16 days, including 93 chest-wound infections (3.5%) and 13 deep-organ-space infections (0.5%). After 1502 procedures...
Professor Hughes on moral condemnation

(1962). Professor Hughes on moral condemnation. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 328-337.
FPGA-based acceleration of CHARMM-potential minimization

Energy minimization is an important step in molecular modeling, with applications in molecular docking and in mapping binding sites. Minimization involves repeated evaluation of various bonded and non-bonded energies of a protein complex. It is a computationally expensive process, with runtimes typically being many hours on a desktop system. In the current article, we present acceleration of the energy evaluation phase of minimization using Field Programmable Gate Arrays. We project a multiple orders-of-magnitude speed-up over a single CPU core and a factor of 8 speed-up over our previous acceleration using an NVIDIA Tesla 1060 GPU.
Exploring visual transduction with recombinant DNA techniques

Abstract The mechanisms of photoreception and intracellular signalling in vertebrate photoreceptors have been elucidated in remarkably complete molecular detail. This background has allowed DNA fragments encoding visual pigments and accessory proteins of the cGMP cascade to be cloned. Information about gene structure and amino acid sequences of the protein products suggest that at least two of the proteins in the visual pathway, rhodopsin and G-protein, are members of large families of genes derived from ancient ancestral precursors. Comparison of amino acid sequence information for many members in each family emphasizes the homologies and the important aspects of structure and function of these proteins. The mechanisms used for visual signalling are common to those used by modulatory neurotransmitters, and serve as a prototype for the molecular basis of neuromodulatory signalling.
Peace Means Saying You Are Sorry—And Meaning It

War and Reconciliation: Reason and Emotion in Conflict Resolution By William J. Long, Peter Brecke. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003. 235 pp., $57.00 cloth (ISBN 0-262-12254-5), $22.95 paper (ISBN 0-262-62168-1). War and Reconciliation by William Long and Peter Brecke is a welcome addition to a fast growing literature applying findings from psychology and neuroscience regarding the role and operation of emotions to the task of explaining political behavior. Like others taking similar approaches in political science generally (see, for example, Marcus, Neuman, and MacKuen 2000), and in international relations in particular (Kaufman 2001; Petersen 2002), Long and Brecke's intellectual target is the assumption of rationality as a basis for explaining political behavior—not only formal modeling but also the nonformal rationalist arguments of realists (for example, Kaufmann 1996) and liberal institutionalists (for example, Walter 1997). The starting point for this literature is the fact that, if you tell a psychologist that your research assumes that people behave rationally, she will probably laugh at you. The problem with criticizing the rationalist assumption has been that specifying how else to build useful theory is no easy task. Long and Brecke explain that their project began with their discovery of a finding by animal behavior specialists “that a public, symbolic reconciliation between warring primates after a fight had a pronounced positive effect in restoring order within …
Lay consultation of older people.

The study of lay consultation has drawn attention to how social interaction supports, validates and influences the perception and response to health problems. Until now, such research has not considered how the particular circumstances of older people alter the process, i.e. (1) disruption of support networks, (2) experience of chronic rather than acute illness and (3) suffering of diseases shared by a sizable proportion of their agemates . Using case study data, the authors show how everyday discussions of health problems lead to the transmission to the sufferer of new information about the health condition, the reinforcement of health actions and in some cases attempts to persuade or to intervene actively. The authors use the case study material to identify variables shaping the process of consultation and suggest the importance of this process in the adaptation of older people to declining health.
Ultrastructural, cyto- and biochemical observations during turnover of plasma membrane in duck salt gland.

The mechanism of plasma membrane turnover was investigated using the duckling salt gland as a model system. Feeding fresh water to saltstressed ducklings results in a decrease in the Na, K-ATPase in salt gland to nonstressed levels in about 7 days, as measured by ATP hydrolysis and 3H-ouabain binding. Electron micrographs reveal that this is accompanied by a decrease in plasma membrane infoldings on the basal and lateral borders of gland secretory cells. Simultaneously there is an increase in filamentous material and a rise in acid phosphatase and peptidase activities in these cells. Cytochemistry shows that the acid phosphatase activity is mostly associated with the basal or basolateral regions of secretory cells. These observations could indicate that the removal of plasma membrane components is accomplished by internalization and digestion within the secretory cells.
Large-Scale Sakharov Condition

Recent far-reaching theoretical results have used the quantum vacuum noise as a fundamental electromagnetic radiation field to derive a frequency (w) -dependent version of Newton's gravitational coupling term, G(w). This paper reconciles the cutoff frequency with the observed cosmological constant, then briefly puts forward a realizable laboratory test case in the 10-100 Mhz frequency range. One analogy is drawn between the classical vacuum energy experiments with attraction between two closely spaced plates (Casimir cavity) and the arbitrarily dense material boundaries possible in Bose condensates, such as irradiation at Mhz frequencies of superfluid helium or superconductors.
Preservice teachers' attitudes toward inclusion: Early childhood education and elementary education programs

Abstract Teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion of children with disabilities play a central role in the successful inclusion of these children into general education classrooms. This study examined possible predictors of preservice teachers’ attitudes toward (1) persons with disabilities, and (2) inclusion of children with disabilities into general education classrooms. Participants were students majoring in early childhood education and elementary education. Preservice teachers’ attitudes toward persons with disabilities and inclusion were explained significantly by their personal relationships with persons who have disabilities and the number of courses related to special education/teaching strategies taken. However, preservice teachers’ experiences working with persons who have disabilities was not a significant predictor. Further, the relations between preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion and personal experience variables were mediated by their attitudes toward persons with disabilities. Thi...
Bench-scale tests and modeling of adsorption of natural organic matter by activated carbon

Abstract Adsorption equilibria for activated carbon removal of natural organic matter (NOM) were obtained for a lake water, a leaf extract humic material and a sample from a monitoring well serving a municipal solid waste landfill. A multicomponent model incorporating ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) and a non-adsorbable fraction more accurately described equilibrium data for the overall isotherm than a Freundlich single component isotherm model, and adequately simulated isotherms for variable initial concentration of the water as represented by a lumped parameter. A methodology is described for estimating equilibrium parameters for multiple hypothetic components that requires fewer parameter searches and is thus less computationally demanding than some other modeling schemes using IAST. The acquired equilibrium information was subsequently used to calibrate a dynamic, fixed-bed model in accordance with bench-scale column data for the lake water. Rate parameters evaluated therein were used to predict breakthrough profiles in bench-scale columns of greater bed depth. Generally speaking, dynamic modeling which incorporated the multicomponent equilibrium approach provided more accurate description and prediction of NOM breakthrough profiles than a single component modeling scheme. The multicomponent approach was better able to simulate both the slow approach to exhaustion in the bed and the effects of changes in influent concentration. Although not fully representative of a full-scale system operating over a lengthy time period, the exercise gives insight into dynamic and modeling phenomena which may accompany seasonal variations in natural water quality.
HOT ELECTRON GENERATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT OXIDE-COVERED TANTALUM ELECTRODES. REDUCTION OF METHYLPYRIDINIUM AND ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF RU(BPY)32+

We describe the injection of hot electrons into an aqueous solution by use of a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode. Evidence for this process was obtained by studying the chemically irreversible reduction of N-methylpyridinium ion (NMP+, E° = −1.37 V vs SHE). The reduction of NMP+ gives rise to a radical which undergoes rapid dimerization to produce a water-insoluble species, 1,1-tetrahydrobipyridine (TBP), that deposits on the electrode surface. The deposit was analyzed by AFM, XPS, IR-reflectance, and TOF/SIMS to provide evidence of TBP formation. We also investigated the electrochemical reduction of Ru(bpy)32+ to confirm the generation of hot electrons on a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode in water. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical results present a well-defined reduction wave at high overpotential on Ta/Ta2O5 which is not observed on Pt or Au electrodes. Reduction of Ru(bpy)33+ at a Ta/Ta2O5 electrode produces emission (electrogenerated chemiluminescence) and provides additional evidence of hot electron injection.
Equilibrium market share—a measure of competitive strength

If an oligopoly is modelled as a non-zero-sum game, then the market shares associated with an equilibrium solution can be interpreted as measuring the competitive strength of the firms. By comparing afirm's equilibrium market share with its actual market share, one can conclude whether the firm has positive or negative growth potential in terms of market share, which has some implications for its investment strategy.
Staying in Tune With Music Education Policy Awareness Among Music Education Majors

A nationwide sample of undergraduate music education majors (N = 260; 69% completion rate) completed an electronic survey to determine awareness of music and general education policy and advocacy e...
Interorganisational trust in B2B commerce

Research studying trust in Business-to-Business (B2B) relationships is only burgeoning compared to its B2C counterpart. Updating the Saunders et al. (2004) review with a sample that includes more recent studies, we find an increase in studies on trust in B2B and Interorganisational Systems (IOSs). We group some commonalities we find into three types of trust: relationship, technology and third-party and fit them in a general framework. We also identify four patterns with which researchers operationalise and test B2B trust and evaluate the empirical support for each. We conclude by discussing some gaps we observed during our review of literature.
Inhalation anaesthetic competition at high-affinity cocaine binding sites in rat brain synaptosomes

We have shown previously that inhalation anaesthetics inhibit dopamine transport in rat synaptosomes. In order to determine if this inhibition is associated with occupancy of the cocaine site, we examined binding of [3H] (2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane) (3H-CFT) in the presence of halothane or isoflurane 0.01-5 mmol litre-1 in rat brain synaptosomes. Both anaesthetics inhibited 3H-CFT binding (mean Ki 0.61 (SEM 0.12) and 0.75 (0.21) mmol litre-1, respectively), by increasing Kd (13.8 (0.6) and 29.8 (12.8) nmol litre-1, respectively) compared with control (8.02 (0.5) nmol litre-1) (P < 0.01). Halothane did not change Bmax, but isoflurane increased it significantly. Cocaine protected CFT sites from N-ethylmaleimide alkylation, but neither anaesthetic did. Photoaffinity labelling with halothane significantly inhibited 3H-CFT binding compared with UV-exposed controls. We conclude that clinically relevant concentrations of both anaesthetics inhibit high-affinity CFT binding, and the data suggest overlapping sites for halothane and CFT.
When does a right-angled Artin group split over ℤ?

We show that a right-angled Artin group, defined by a graph Γ that has at least three vertices, does not split over an infinite cyclic subgroup if and only if Γ is biconnected. Further, we compute JSJ-decompositions of 1-ended right-angled Artin groups over infinite cyclic subgroups.
Energy: Supply, demand, and impacts

Energy consumption in the Southwest United States was 12,500 trillion British thermal units (BTUs) in 2009, equal to 222 million BTUs per person (EIA 2010). Any change or disruption to the supply of energy is likely to have significant impacts. For example, a study found that electrical power blackouts and “sags” cost the United States about $80 billion every year in lost services, industrial capacity, and gross domestic product (LaCommare and Eto 2004).
Negative Permeability-Based Electrically Small Antennas

The goal of this letter is to present the behavior of mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial-based electrically small antennas. The Green's function analysis is applied to characterize the performance of a hemispherical negative permeability (MNG) resonator excited by a slot aperture. The method of moment (MoM) is used to obtain the current distribution over the source excitation. It is illustrated how a resonator composed of negative permeability medium can successfully establish a small antenna element. For small-size structure , the approximated-form Green's function demonstrates the relation between the resonant frequencies and the material parameters. The obtained results are integrated into the design of a MNG slab radiator. The radiation performance of a slab resonator is detailed using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) full wave analysis. The obtained observations may provide road maps for the future design of metamaterial-based subwavelength antennas.
Lights, camera, action…critique? Submit videos to AGU communications workshop

[1] What does it take to create a science video that engages the audience and draws thousands of views on YouTube? Those interested in finding out should submit their research-related videos to AGU's Fall Meeting science film analysis workshop, led by oceanographer turned documentary director Randy Olson. Olson, writer-director of two films (Flock of Dodos: The Evolution-Intelligent Design Circus andSizzle: A Global Warming Comedy) and author of the bookDon't Be Such a Scientist: Talking Substance in an Age of Style, will provide constructive criticism on 10 selected video submissions, followed by moderated discussion with the audience. To submit your science video (5 minutes or shorter), post it on YouTube and send the link to the workshop coordinator, Maria-Jose Vinas (mjvinas@agu.org), with the following subject line: Video submission for Olson workshop. AGU will be accepting submissions from researchers and media officers of scientific institutions until 6:00 P.M. eastern time on Friday, 4 November. Those whose videos are selected to be screened will be notified by Friday, 18 November. All are welcome to attend the workshop at the Fall Meeting.
Isoenzyme Changes during Seed Germination of Saguaro Cactus (Carnegiea gigantea)

Esterases, acid phosphatases, leucine aminopeptidases, peroxidases and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases from extracts made from seeds of Saguaro cactus at different stages of germination were studied using starch gelelectrophoretic techniques. In general, four of the five enzyme systems showed significant increase in the number of isoenzymes and their activity after 72 hours of germination. It is suggested that Saguaro cactus seeds reach their enzymatically most active state between 48 to 72 hours after being placed at optimum moisture conditions at 30°C in continuous light.
Short Sleep and Obesity Risk in Children

Accumulating evidence suggests that short sleep is associated with both concurrent and prospective obesity risk in children. Although recent studies point to potential mediators and moderators of the sleep weight association in children, it is unclear whether enhancing children’s sleep duration could significantly impact weight status. The present chapter reviews the existing literature on sleep and obesity risk in children, and highlights areas in need of additional work in an effort to determine whether enhancing children’s sleep will help to combat the current obesity epidemic.
Weight Loss and Sensory Attributes of Temperature Conditioned and Electrically Stimulated Hot Processed Pork

The effects of different electrical stimulation (ES) and conditioning systems on various attributes of postmortem pork muscle were investigated, using three hot boning systems (HB/11oC–5 hr; HB; 17oC– 3 hr; HB/ES– 1hr) and two cold boning systems (CB/controls; CB/ ES–24 hr). After each treatment, the cuts were vacuum packaged and chilled to 3oC. The loin, top ham, bottom ham and knuckle of each were evaluated. Only the knuckle was not affected by processing treatment. The three hot boning systems produced cuts with significantly lower purge values in two-thirds of the cuts. CB/ES–24 hr resulted in high levels of purge, high cook losses and low sensory ratings for juiciness. Hot processed cuts were either equal to or superior to the conventionally processed cuts in every trait evaluated.
Swimming facilities and work-related asthma

AbstractBackground: Exposure to chlorinated water in swimming facilities may aggravate preexisting asthma or cause new onset asthma. This may be a particular problem for individuals who work and therefore spend prolonged time at swimming facilities. Chloramines formed by the interaction of chlorine-based disinfection products with the nitrogen in water from human sweat, urine and skin cells are the suspected causal agents. Methods: Cases were reviewed from the state surveillance systems in California (CA), Michigan (MI) and New Jersey (NJ) to identify individuals with confirmed work-related asthma (WRA) attributed to exposures in swimming pools, water parks or hydrotherapy spas. A standardized method was used to confirm cases. Results: A total of 44 confirmed cases of WRA were identified; 17 from 1994 to 2011 in CA, 15 from 1991 to 2012 in MI and 12 from 1990 to 2011 in NJ. A majority (52.2%) of the cases were new onset; 31.8% secondary to an acute exposure incident and 20.4% to repeated exposure. These r...
Diffusion-weighted MRI: association between patient characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficients of normal breast fibroglandular tissue at 3 T.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to assess associations between patient characteristics and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal breast fibroglandular tissue on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The retrospective study included 103 women with negative bilateral findings on 3-T breast MRI examinations (BI-RADS category 1). DWI was acquired during clinical breast MRI scans using b = 0 and b = 800 s/mm2. Mean ADC of normal breast fibroglandular tissue was calculated for each breast using a semiautomated software tool in which parenchyma pixels were selected by interactive thresholding of the b = 0 s/mm2 image to exclude fat. Intrasubject right- and left-breast ADC values were compared and averaged together to evaluate the association of mean breast ADC with age, mammographic breast density, and background parenchymal enhancement. RESULTS. Overall mean ± SD breast ADC was 1.62 ± 0.30 × 10–3 mm2/s. Intrasubject right- and left-breast ADC measurements were h...
A Regulatory Perspective on Essential Considerations in Design and Analysis of Subgroups When Correctly Classified

This regulatory research provides possible approaches for improvement to conventional subgroup analysis in a fixed design setting. The interaction-to-overall effects ratio is recommended in the planning stage for potential predictors whose prevalence is at most 50% and its observed ratio is recommended in the analysis stage for proper subgroup interpretation if sample size is only planned to target the overall effect size. We illustrate using regulatory examples and underscore the importance of striving for balance between safety and efficacy when considering a regulatory recommendation of a label restricted to a subgroup. A set of decision rules gives guidance for rigorous subgroup-specific conclusions.
A Model for Power Consolidation

During pressure consolidation of powder compacts, particle rearrangement leading to nonrecoverable strain can be observed. In this study rearrangement is identified as a buckling mechanism that occurs in particle arches. The mechanism is initiated when the applied pressure generates a critical contact force at an arch within the powder compact. The consequence of the buckling is localized consolidation. The contact forces required to initiate this mechanism on a particle scale are evaluated. It is shown that this snap-through-buckle mechanism could play a significant role in powder consolidation.
Postmastectomy radiotherapy: patterns of recurrence and long-term disease control using electrons.

Abstract Purpose To determine the patterns of failure and prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence after postmastectomy radiotherapy (RT), using a specific electron beam technique. Methods and materials A uniform electron beam was used in 323 patients with invasive breast cancer at the University of Florida Health Science Center. The patterns of disease recurrence, prognostic factors, and overall outcome were studied. Results At 10 years, the freedom from locoregional recurrence, disease-free survival, and absolute survival rate was 90%, 62%, and 55%, respectively. The 10-year disease-free survival rate for patients with 0, 1–3, and >3 positive lymph nodes was 73%, 75%, and 47%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the three factors significantly associated with locoregional recurrence were T stage, number of involved nodes, and RT fields. Full axillary fields appeared to be beneficial ( p = 0.02). Patients with positive surgical margins appeared to benefit from a mastectomy incision boost to ≥65 Gy. Finally, patients with T2N0 disease had a substantial risk of chest wall recurrence without chest wall RT. Conclusion Findings include a low rate of clinically detectable locoregional recurrence. The data suggest benefits for the addition of full axillary RT in node-positive patients and chest wall RT in patients with T2N0 disease.
Conceding in disagreements during small group interactions in academic writing class

Using conversation analysis as a methodological and analytical framework, this study presents a sequential analysis of disagreement episodes in small group interactions in an advanced academic writing class. Closer scrutiny of the sequences reveals that in order to bring disagreements to a close, participants make use of an array of interactional resources to defend and establish their positions as well as to challenge other members’ stances. From a collection of 48 disagreement episodes, I identify five different disagreement exit patterns and explain one of them – conceding – in detail. Analysis of pre-conceding activities in the disagreement episodes shows that participants deploy three major practices before they close the sequence: making an understanding claim, building a peer alliance and proposing an alternative position. They take cautious steps when they give in to the opponent’s stance. The findings expand our understanding of the intricate manoeuvres involved in group work tasks in a writing c...
CULTURE AND THE ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHIATRIC CARE

Population figures emerging from the recent report of the 2000 census, document anticipated, but nevertheless, dramatic changes in the ethnic and cultural composition of the population in the United States. The relative decline of the proportion of white Caucasians in the population is compensated by the rapid rise of people of Hispanic and to a lesser degree, of Asian origin. Beyond this seismic shift, the unmistakable reality is one of a population of ethnic and cultural diversity with rising numbers of recent immigrants many of whom are predominately non-English–speaking monolinguals. As it has been historically true, these culturally diverse people have a profound impact on the cultural, social, economic, and political fabric of the United States. They also present significant challenges for a rapidly evolving system of health care that is already straining from the demand to deliver timely, accessible, effective, efficient, patient-focused, and affordable medical care under conditions of reduced funding. Fortunately, there is an increasing body of cross-cultural clinical and research literature that, if and where appropriately implemented, may help the care system to improve its cultural competence and reduce the disparities in service use and outcomes that afflict most ethnic minority populations. The very fact that systems of care are increasing their efforts to make their health care patient-focused may facilitate the growth of cultural competence, because culture is a most relevant determinant of a person's contextual and subjective identity. In this article we aim to provide assistance to those responsible for the organization of psychiatric care in the fascinating and ever growing task of improving the cultural competence of the systems under their jurisdiction. This task requires that those who frame the policies and standards that govern psychiatric systems performance, incorporate into their policies relevant cultural knowledge with the aim to promote culturally competent practices at the bedside.
Using conjugate symmetries to enhance gate-level simulations

State machine based simulation of Boolean functions is substantially faster if the function being simulated is symmetric. Unfortunately function symmetries are comparatively rare. Conjugate symmetries can be used to reduce the state space for functions that have no detectable symmetries, allowing the benefits of symmetry to be applied to a much wider class of functions. Substantial improvements in simulation speed, from 30-40% have been realized using these techniques.
Quasi-3-D Dynamic Model of an Internally Reforming Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Hydrogen Co-Production

A simplified quasi-3-dimensional model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed to investigate the dynamics of internal reformation in an SOFC. The dynamic model solves dynamic equations that govern relevant physical and chemical processes in a simplified geometric representation of a planar SOFC. This makes the model complex enough to resolve major performance characteristics and simple enough to be used in dynamic analyses and controls development at the system level. The model solves dynamic mass, momentum and energy conservation equations to provide local temperature, species concentrations, and current density distributions. These distributions are resolved in two dimensions across the cell, but each 2-D distribution resolves 5 separate control volumes through the nodal unit cell: the PEN; anode and cathode gas compartments; and interconnects. Internal reforming chemical kinetic expressions are included in the model formulation. Simulations show that extent of internal reformation impacts the dynamic temperature difference across the cell. Steady state maximum temperature differential across the cell can be reduced to about 100 K with 100% internal reformation and a cross-flow configuration. A full hydrogen co-production system was then modeled by integrating the SOFC model with heat exchangers, combustor, blower, and hydrogen collector. For conditions of a constant cathode exhaust temperature of 1273 K and lower fuel utilization (60%-70%), the dominant thermal influence on the cell temperature was cooling by the endothermic reformation reactions. But at higher fuel utilization conditions, the dominant thermal influence was the convective cooling of the cathode gases. System simulations showed no tradeoff between power and H 2 production if the cathode exhaust temperature is held constant at 1273 K. High power and high H2 production conditions were found to be synergistic: high hydrogen production leads to high electrochemical efficiency and lower air flow rate leading to fewer parasitic losses. Dynamic SOFC responses to manipulation of fuel flow rate within the range of fuel utilization between 60 and 85% indicate that the system can be adequately controlled to produce various amounts of hydrogen and electricity. Copyright © 2008 by ASME.
A 65 Ma palaeomagnetic pole for the Pacific plate from the skewness of magnetic anomalies 27r-31

S U M M A R Y We use the skewness of seafloor-spreading magnetic anomalies 27r-31 to determine a revised Late Maastrichtian-early Palaeocene palaeomagnetic pole for the Pacific plate. We used numerical experiments to estimate the potential information in magnetic profiles that had not been previously analysed for skewness information. The results indicated that profiles obtained between the Murray and Galapagos fracture zones would be the most useful because in this region very different values of remanent magnetic effective inclination are predicted for small changes in the assumed palaeomagnetic pole position. Furthermore, these data would constrain the pole in the direction most poorly constrained by prior data. Using 50 skewness estimates from 17 profiles, we compute a well-constrained pole that agrees with a pole computed from other types of data with similar ages. These other data include a seamount palaeomagnetic pole, effective inclinations from two submarine ridges, palaeolatitudes determined from azimuthally unoriented cores of submarine basalt and from a piston core in deep-sea sediments, two palaeo-equators from equatorial sediment facies, and amplitude data from magnetic lineations. Combining all the data, we determine a best-fit 65 Ma palaeomagnetic pole for the Pacific plate that is focated at 71.6'N,7.9"8. The 95 per cent confidence ellipse for the new pole, a 2.9" major semiaxis oriented 75" clockwise of north and a 1.8" minor semiaxis, is -50 per
High viremia is associated with high levels of in vivo major histocompatibility complex class I Downregulation in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239

Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) downregulate major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules from the surface of infected cells. Although this activity is conserved across viral isolates, its importance in AIDS pathogenesis is not clear. We therefore developed an assay to detect the level of MHC-I expression of SIV-infected cells directly ex vivo. Here we show that the extent of MHC-I downregulation is greatest in SIVmac239-infected macaques that never effectively control virus replication. Our results suggest that a high level of MHC-I downregulation is a hallmark of fast disease progression in SIV infection.
Nanoindentation of Au and Pt/Cu thin films at elevated temperatures

This paper describes the nanoindentation technique for measuring sputter-deposited Au and Cu thin films’ mechanical properties at elevated temperatures up to 130 °C. A thin, 5-nm Pt layer was deposited onto the Cu film to prevent its oxidation during testing. Nanoindentation was then used to measure elastic modulus and hardness as a function of temperature. These tests showed that elastic modulus and hardness decreased as the test temperature increased from 20 to 130 °C. Cu films exhibited higher hardness values compared to Au, a finding that is explained by the nanocrystalline structure of the film. Hardness was converted to the yield stress using both the Tabor relationship and the inverse method (based on the Johnson cavity model). The thermal component of the yield-stress dependence followed a second-order polynomial in the temperature range tested for Au and Pt/Cu films. The decrease in yield stress at elevated temperatures accounts for the increased interfacial toughness of Cu thin films.
What do you have to Say about That? Performance Events and Narratives’ Positive and Negative Emotional Content:

The current study explores how the failure of innovative projects and positive organizational performance influence specific content within narratives. Building on theoretical perspectives regardin...
Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster

Background: Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 2005. Intrusive re-experiencing is a common posttraumatic stress symptom. However, young children with limited introspection skills might have difficulties identifying their intrusive thoughts. Method: A sample of 165 5- to 9-year-old children were surveyed about their unwanted intrusive thoughts and their knowledge about thinking, 10 months following the hurricane. Results: Results replicate and extend the findings from a previous study (Sprung, 2008). Although there was no difference in the overall occurrence of intrusive thoughts, there was a striking difference between hurricane-exposed and control children in their contents. Children's knowledge about thinking was linked to their ability to report on their negative intrusive thoughts, even taking language ability into account. Conclusion: There is a shift toward negative content following hurricane exposure compared with non-hurricane-exposed children and knowledge about thinking is linked to the reporting of such intrusive thoughts. Implications for current research on autobiographical memory and for interventions following potentially traumatic events are discussed. Language: en
Toward Physically-Adaptive Computing

As semiconductor technology approaches the atomic scale, electronic systems are increasingly burdened by physical variations and uncertainty. Traditionally-designed systems lack an ability to adapt to these fine-grained effects and are thus becoming more inefficient, error-prone, and subject to early wear out. This paper describes the paradigm of physically-adaptive computing (PAC), in which systems learn physical parameters and adapt with fine granularity in the field. We outline an architecture for an adaptation agent and investigate two key aspects of the adaptive process: self-characterization and physical self-optimization. A case study is presented involving random variations in latch reliability. We conducted experiments on a model of a PAC system with physical data obtained from actual field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware. Our results show that across 15 benchmark circuits the mean time between failures improved by an average of 30% via low-cost self-adaptation and by 45% assuming assistance from a remote server. Physical self-adaptation and assisted adaptation will both play an important role in achieving computational systems with atomic-scale features.
Automated lip-sync: direct translation of speech-sound to mouth-shape

The goal of automatic lip-sync (ALS) is to translate speech sounds into mouth shapes. Although this seems related to speech recognition (SR), the direct map from sound to shape avoids many language problems associated with SR and provides a unique domain for error correction. Among other things, ALS animation may be used for animating cartoons realistically and as an aid to the hearing disabled. Currently, a program named Owie performs speaker dependent ALS for vowels. >
Compressive sensing of a superposition of pulses

Compressive Sensing (CS) has emerged as a potentially viable technique for the efficient acquisition of high-resolution signals and images that have a sparse representation in a fixed basis. The number of linear measurements M required for robust polynomial time recovery of S-sparse signals of length N can be shown to be proportional to S log N. However, in many real-life imaging applications, the original S-sparse image may be blurred by an unknown point spread function defined over a domain O; this multiplies the apparent sparsity of the image, as well as the corresponding acquisition cost, by a factor of |Ω|. In this paper, we propose a new CS recovery algorithm for such images that can be modeled as a sparse superposition of pulses. Our method can be used to infer both the shape of the two-dimensional pulse and the locations and amplitudes of the pulses. Our main theoretical result shows that our reconstruction method requires merely M = O(S + |Ω|) linear measurements, so that M is sublinear in the overall image sparsity S|Ω|. Experiments with real world data demonstrate that our method provides considerable gains over standard state-of-the-art compressive sensing techniques in terms of numbers of measurements required for stable recovery.
Lipid content and phospholipid metabolism of subcellular fractions from testes of control and retinol-deficient rats.

Lipid composition and phospholipid metabolism were studied in the subcellular fractions of normal and retinol-deficient rat testes. The total lipid from normal subcellular particles was highest in mitochondria ( 138 Â± 4.4 mg/100 mg protein) and lowest in microsomes (70 Â±2.5 mg/100 mg protein). Approximately 60% of mito- chondrial and microsomal lipid was phospholipid. In all subcellular fractions total cholesterol constituted about 12% of total lipid. Retino! deficiency produced in mito chondria and microsomes an increased lipid associated with protein. This increase was primarily phospholipid and cholesterol. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospho lipid of all fractions. Control phospholipid fatty acid patterns were similar for micro somes and soluble fractions. Deficiency caused a decreased percentage of doco- sapentaenoate in both of these fractions, while microsomes also exhibited an in creased percentage of stA©arate and oleate and soluble fraction an increased percentage of linoleate and arachidonate. The peak incorporation of "C-choline into phospholipids was about 12 hours for all subcellular fractions. Deficient rats had about 2.5 times greater incorporation. Half-lives of control subcellular phospholipids were approximately 300 hours for mitochondrial and soluble fractions and 100 hours for microsomes. Retinol deficiency reduced the half-lives of the two former fractions to about 160 hours, but did not affect the half-life of microsomal phospholipids. J. Nutr. 104: 629-637, 1974.
The Two-particle Picture and Electronic Structure Calculations

The consept of self-energy figures prominently in the studies of interacting quantum many-particle systems. This quantity is generally defined in terms of the energy change that accompanies the addition of a single particle to the interacting system and incorporates exactly the effects of correlation and the statistics, Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein. The single-particle self-energy is non-local, generally complex, and also energy-dependent. Its evaluation is ususally associated with various approximate, perturbative or decoupling, schemes as described1,2 in the literature.
Temporally Coordinated Deep Brain Stimulation in the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum Synergistically Enhances Associative Learning

The primate brain has the remarkable ability of mapping sensory stimuli into motor behaviors that can lead to positive outcomes. We have previously shown that during the reinforcement of visual-motor behavior, activity in the caudate nucleus is correlated with the rate of learning. Moreover, phasic microstimulation in the caudate during the reinforcement period was shown to enhance associative learning, demonstrating the importance of temporal specificity to manipulate learning related changes. Here we present evidence that extends upon our previous finding by demonstrating that temporally coordinated phasic deep brain stimulation across both the nucleus accumbens and caudate can further enhance associative learning. Monkeys performed a visual-motor associative learning task and received stimulation at time points critical to learning related changes. Resulting performance revealed an enhancement in the rate, ceiling, and reaction times of learning. Stimulation of each brain region alone or at different time points did not generate the same effect.