cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The PPARg System in Major Depression: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Implications.

To an exceptional degree, and through multiple mechanisms, the PPARg system rapidly senses cellular stress, and functions in the CNS in glial cells, neurons, and cerebrovascular endothelial cell in multiple anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective ways. We now know that depression is associated with neurodegeneration in the subgenual prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, decreased neuroplasticity, and defective neurogenesis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is markedly depleted in these areas, and is thought to contribute to the neurodegeneration of the subgenual prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. The PPARg system strongly increases BDNF levels and activity in these brain areas. The PPARg system promotes both neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, both via effects on BDNF, and through other mechanisms. Ample evidence exists that these brain areas transduce many of the cardinal features of depression, directly or through their projections to sites such as the amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Behaviorally, these include feelings of worthlessness, anxiety, dread of the future, and significant reductions in the capacity to anticipate and experience pleasure. Physiologically, these include activation of the CRH and noradrenergic system in brain and the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in the periphery. Patients with depression are also insulin-resistant. The PPARg system influences each of these behavioral and physiological in ways that would ameliorate the manifestations of depressive illness. In addition to the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of depression, depressive illness is associated with the premature onsets of coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, and osteoporosis. As a consequence, patients with depressive illness lose approximately seven years of life. Inflammation and insulin resistance are two of the predominant processes that set into motion these somatic manifestations. PPARg agonists significantly ameliorate both pathological processes. In summary, PPARg augmentation can impact positively on multiple significant pathological processes in depression. These include loss of brain tissue, defective neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, widespread inflammation in the central nervous system and periphery, and insulin resistance. Thus, PPARg agonists could potentially have significant antidepressant effects.
Effects of Virtual Humans' Gender and Spoken Accent on Users' Perceptions of Expertise in Mental Wellness Conversations

In the context of mental wellness support, trust and intimacy between a counselor and a patient are necessary to converge healing processes positively. However, convincing students to trust a virtual human for topics regarding mental wellness is a complex problem that requires understanding students' experiences. Based on research that discusses mental health as a concerning topic regarding Computer Science (CS) students, this paper investigates how undergraduate computing-related students perceive virtual humans' expertise on mental wellness support based on demographic resemblance on spoken accent and gender. Four virtual human counselors were developed to conduct the study, as 58 undergraduate computing-related students from two North American universities were recruited and assessed. Our findings suggest that students were less inclined to interact with a male virtual human than a female one. Also, that spoken accents can impact students' perceptions of expertise under students' multilingualism.
Chance and Likelihood

Our dealings with reality often face forks in the road, branching points where—for ought one can tell—matters can eventuate one way or another. Will it rain or not? Will the dam hold? Will Smith’s preferred horse win the race? Will John propose to Mary? Throughout our concerns such questions about alternatives abound.
Eastern Dreams: How the Arabian Nights Came to the World

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Paul McMichael Nurse Year: 2010 Pages: 288 Publisher: Viking Canada ISBN: 9780670063604 (hard cover).
Mission-oriented k-coverage in mobile wireless sensor networks

The problem of sensor deployment to achieve k-coverage of a field, where every point is covered by at least k sensors, is very critical in the design of energy-efficient wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It becomes more challenging in mission-oriented WSNs, where sensors have to move in order to k-cover a region of interest in the field. In this paper, we consider the problem of k-coverage in mission-oriented mobile WSNs which we divide into two subproblems, namely sensor placement and sensor selection. The sensor placement problem is to identify a subset of sensors and their locations in a region of interest so it is k-covered with a minimum number of sensors. The sensor selection problem is to determine which sensors should move to the above-computed locations in the region while minimizing the total energy consumption due to sensor mobility and communication. Simulation results show that our solution to the k-coverage problem in mission-oriented mobile WSNs outperforms an existing one in terms of the number of sensors needed to achieve k-coverage of a region of interest in the field as well as their total energy consumption.
Abstract 33: Parity is Associated with Aortic Remodeling: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Introduction: Several lines of evidence suggest that increased gravidity and/or parity is associated with increased risk for clinical cardiovascular events and left ventricular remodeling. However, the mechanism(s) that account for these associations remain unclear. Recent analyses from MESA indicate that parity is also associated with increased carotid stiffness; consistent with the hypothesis that extra-cellular matrix remodeling that occurs to facilitate child birth may also lead to adverse effects on arterial structure and function. To date there are few data on the effects of gravidity or parity on central aortic structure and function. To study this we examined the relationship between reproductive history and MRI-based measures of aortic dimensions in women enrolled MESA. Methods: Study subjects included 1908 women aged 45-84, from four race/ethnic groups who were free from cardiovascular disease. Women were classified as having 0 to ≥ 5 live births and 0 to ≥6 pregnancies. Minimum and maximum cross-sectional area and average diameter of the descending aorta at the level of the right pulmonary artery were measured using thoracic MRI. After exploratory data analysis and data cleaning, univariate and multivariable models were used to describe the relationship between number of pregnancies or live births and aortic dimensions, after adjustment for potential confounders including age, race-ethnicity, height, weight, smoking, diabetes, total and HDL cholesterol, SBP, use of anti-hypertensive medications and education as a proxy for socio-economic status. Results: Of 1908 participants, 41.1% were Caucasian, 31.1% African-American, 16.7% Hispanic and 11.1% Chinese-American. The mean (±SD) age was 61.1±10.0 years, 46% had HTN, and 19% had diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose. In univariate analyses, minimum and maximum aortic area were 14 mm2 larger and average diameter was 0.28 mm greater for each live birth (all p<0.001). In fully adjusted models the number of live births remained significantly associated with min and max area and average diameter (all p<0.005). Qualitatively similar results were seen using number of pregnancies. Conclusions: Increasing number of pregnancies and live births is associated with greater aortic remodeling. Further studies are needed to determine if specific physiologic effects of pregnancy are responsible for the apparent deleterious consequences on arterial remodeling and whether these changes translate into adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Bringing Us Together

First, I thank you for the opportunity to speak before this joint meeting of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science and the Pennsylvania Chapter of the Wildlife Society. It is a pleasure to address a group with whom my professional training is so compatible. I also appreciate the opportunity to discuss a topic of far more than professional interest: bringing the scientific, management, and animal protection communities closer together.
Phenylhydrazono-phenylazo tautomerism. : Part III. Reactions of phenylformazans and certain bis(phenylhydrazones) with strong acids☆☆☆

Abstract The behavior of diphenylformazans, 2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylhydrazones), 1,2-bis-(phenylazo)ethylene, and the phenylhydrazone of 4-oxo-1-phenyl-5-phenylazo-3-pyridazinecarboxaldehyde on protonation has been examined spectrophotometrically. These compounds form purple, blue, or green protonated cations. The nature of the spectral changes suggests that the highly colored cations have resonance-stabilized structures. Phenylosazones and bis(phenylhydrazono) compounds that cannot form resonance-stabilized cations on protonation do not usually give the blue-color reaction. Structures are proposed for the cations derived from diphenylformazans and certain 2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylhydrazones). Treatment of the red, enolic tautomer of 2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylhydrazono)-cyclohexane with perchloric acid in acetic acid yields a new, stable, dark-blue, crystalline salt. Dissolution of this salt-in acetic acid, followed by addition of ice-water, yields a previously described yellow hydrate of the keto tautomer. Dissolution of the hdyrate in ethanol and warming regenerates the red, enolic tautomer. E.s.r. measurements of colored solutions of 2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylhydrazones) or diphenylformazans did not show the presence of radical species, thus indicating the ionic character of the products formed on protonation.
Safety of intradermal skin tests for inhalants and foods: a prospective study.

Intradermal skin testing is a useful allergy di-agnostic tool. Although considered safe when properly per-formed, systemic reactions have been reported. This is theﬁrst large, prospective study to record and evaluate all sys-temic reactions from intradermal skin testing (IDT) to in-halant or food antigens.
Expression of transcobalamin II receptors by human leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells

Plasma membrane receptors for the serum cobalamin-binding protein transcobalamin II (TCII) were identified on human leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells using immunoaffinity-purified human TCII labeled with [57Co]cyanocobalamin. The Bmax values for TCII receptors on proliferating K562 and HL-60 cells were 4,500 and 2,700 per cell, respectively. Corresponding dissociation constants (kd) were 8.0 x 10(-11) mol/L and 9.0 x 10(-11) mol/L. Rabbit TCII also bound to K562 and HL-60 cells but with slightly reduced affinities. Calcium was required for the binding of transcobalamin II to K562 cells. Brief treatment of these cells with trypsin resulted in almost total loss of surface binding activity. After removal of trypsin, surface receptors for TCII slowly reappeared, reaching pretrypsin treatment densities only after 24 hours. Reappearance of receptors was blocked by cycloheximide. TCII receptor densities on K562 and HL-60 cells correlated inversely with the concentration of cobalamin in the culture medium. This suggests that intracellular stores of cobalamin may affect the expression of transcobalamin receptors. Nonproliferating stationary-phase K562 cells had low TCII receptor densities (less than 1,200 receptors/cell). However, the density of TCII receptors increased substantially when cells were subcultured in fresh medium. Up-regulation of receptor expression coincided with increased 3H-thymidine incorporation, which preceded the resumption of cellular proliferation as measured by cell density. In the presence of cytosine arabinoside, which induces erythroid differentiation, K562 cells down-regulated expression of TCII receptors. When HL-60 cells were subcultured in fresh medium containing dimethysulfoxide to induce granulocytic differentiation, the up-regulation of TCII receptors was suppressed. This event occurred well before a diminution of 3H-thymidine incorporation and cessation of proliferation. Thus, changes in the regulation of expression of TCII receptors correlate with both the proliferative and differentiation status of cells.
Continued Fractions with Partial Quotients Bounded in Average

We ask, for which $n$ does there exists a $k$, $1 \leq k < n$ and $(k,n)=1$, so that $k/n$ has a continued fraction whose partial quotients are bounded in average by a constant $B$? This question is intimately connected with several other well-known problems, and we provide a lower bound in the case of B=2.
An Instructor's Assistant for Team-Training in Dynamic Mulit-Agent Vitual Worlds

The training of teams in highly dynamic, multi-agent virtual worlds places a heavy demand on an instructor. We address the instructor's problem with the PuppetMaster. The PuppetMaster manages a network of monitors that report on the activities in the simulation in order to provide the instructor with an interpretation and situation-specific analysis of student behavior. The approach used to model student teams is to structure the state space into an abstract situation-based model of behavior that supports interpretation in the face of missing information about agent's actions and goals.
Structural similarity of loops in protein families: toward the understanding of protein evolution

Protein evolution and protein classification are usually inferred by comparing protein cores in their conserved aligned parts. Structurally aligned protein regions are separated by less conserved loop regions, where sequence and structure locally deviate from each other and do not superimpose well. Our results indicate that even longer protein loops can not be viewed as "random coils" and for the majority of protein families in our test set there exists a linear correlation between the measures of sequence similarity and loop structural similarity. Results suggest that distance matrices derived from the loop (dis)similarity measure may produce in some cases more reliable cluster trees compared to the distance matrices based on the conventional measures of sequence and structural (dis)similarity. We show that by considering "dissimilar" loop regions rather than only conserved core regions it is possible to improve our understanding of protein evolution.
Lista anotada y clave de los sapos marsupiales (anura: hylidae: gastrotheca) de colombia

Los anuros marsupiales se hallan representados en Colombia por diez y seis especies pertenecientes al genero Gastrotheca. G. humbertoi Lutz, 1977, pasa a la sinonimia de G. andaquiensis Ruiz y Hernandez, 1976. G. medemi Cochran y Goin, 1970, G. nicefori descampsi Lutz y Ruiz, 1977, y G. yacambuensis Yustiz, 1978, son incluidas en la sinonimia de G. nicefori Gaige, 1933. Se presenta un breve diagnostico y comentario sobre la distribucion para cada una de las especies colombianas junto con una clave para su identificacion .
Railways in Colonial India : An economic achievement?

This chapter reviews the economic performance of Indian railways in particular the development and organization of the network, the trends in railway performance, the effects of ownership and regulatory policies, and the impact of railways on the Indian economy. We highlight four main points. First, the Government of India had a strong influence on railways from the beginning, but the Government’s role increased as railways were gradually nationalized over time. Second, the performance of Indian railways can be classified into two periods: pre-1920 and post-1920. There was a trend to higher output, productivity, and profits between 1850 and 1919, but after 1920 there was a leveling off. Fares and freight charges exhibit similar patterns, declining from 1850 to 1919 and then rising somewhat until 1940. Third, dividend guarantees were a key feature of the early era of private ownership. We argue that guarantees weakened incentives to lower costs, but they also encouraged rapid railway development. We review the relationship between Government of India ownership and operating efficiency. Perhaps surprisingly we find that state ownership reduced operational costs. Finally, there is clear evidence that railways increased market integration and raised incomes, but the magnitude of the effect and the precise mechanisms are still in doubt.
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Case Report

Patient: Female, 58 Final Diagnosis: Papillary thyroid carcinoma Symptoms: Cough • shorthness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Fine needle aspiration and a near total thyroidectomy Specialty: Rheumatology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by high titers of distinct antibodies: U1 ribonucleoprotein with clinical features seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, and scleroderma. The association of SLE and DM with various cancers of the thyroid has been reported in the literature. However, there have been no reports associating MCTD with thyroid cancer. Case Report: We present a 58-year-old woman diagnosed with MCTD with co-morbid interstitial lung disease that has remained stable for 10 years, who developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) 10 years after initial diagnosis. Conclusions: We theorize that: 1) MCTD may have been a primary diagnosis complicated by PTC, or 2) MCTD may have been an initial presentation of paraneoplastic syndrome of silent PTC, because her symptoms of MCTD significantly improved after total thyroidectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report to associate MCTD with PTC. It highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for thyroid malignancy in MCTD patients.
A New Kind of e.m.f. and Other Effects Thermodynamically Connected with the Four Transverse Effects

The Hall e.m.f. attending a current in a magnetic field is subjected to a thermodynamic analysis like that for an ordinary battery, from which it appears that if the Hall e.m.f. has a temperature coefficient, there must be a reversible heating effect when a transverse current flows across a conductor carrying a longitudinal current in a magnetic field. But other arguments show that this heating effect vanishes, and furthermore, it could not be found experimentally. The consequent vanishing of the temperature coefficient of the Hall e.m.f. involves the existence of a new sort of e.m.f., that is, an e.m.f. in a conductor carrying a current in which the temperature is uniformly changing. Corresponding analysis may be made for the other transverse effects. A thermo-motive force connected with the Righi-Leduc coefficient exists in a conductor carrying a thermal conduction current when its temperature changes uniformly. Other relationsare deduced connecting the Nernst coefficient and the Ettingshausen coefficient with the new e.m.f. and thermo-motive force. It appears that the temperature dependence of all these quantities is simply connected, and in particular, that the temperature coefficient of the Hall coefficient vanishes at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The new relations show that certain relations suggested in a previous paper from general considerations of a nonthermo-dynamic character cannot be rigorously exact. A new account is given of the origin of the major part of the Ettingshausen temperature gradient, which is approximately checked by experiment. Finally, the order of magnitude of various small effects is discussed. It isa thermodynamic consequence of the existence of a temperaturee.m.f. that there is a temperature change when the current in a conductor changes in magnitude, but it is far below experimental reach. It must be recognized that the specific heat of a conductor is altered by the presence of an electric current. The specific heat is also altered by the presence of an ordinary thermal conduction current. Numerical considerations suggest that the proper velocity to be associated with the thermal current, whether ordinary conduction current, or thermal current convected by an electrical current, is the velocity of sound.
Automated morphologic evaluation of pulmonary arteries in primary pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary wedge angiograms have been shown to reflect the severity of pulmonary vascular disease in congenital heart disease. Thirteen pulmonary wedge angiograms with a balloon occlusion catheter were performed in 11 adult patients (five normals and six with primary pulmonary hypertension [PPH]) and their features related to the resting pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Individual cine frames from each study were selected and digitized with a computer-assisted operator-interactive program. By fitting densitometric profiles from the vessel segments, serial arterial cross-sectional diameters were calculated from mathematically derived points. There was a strong correlation between arterial taper (T, change in vessel caliber per unit axial length) and a power function of mean PAP with T = 0.304 X PAP-0.59, R = .91, P less than .001. These results demonstrate a correlation between an angiographically derived morphologic characteristic of the pulmonary vasculature (taper) and a hemodynamic parameter (PAP) in PPH. This offers a method to follow the course of the disease and the effects of drug therapy by assessing anatomic changes in the vessels.
Calculation of mass transfer among minerals and aqueous solutions as a function of time and surface area in geochemical processes. I. computational approach

Equations representing conservation of mass and charge, partial and local equilibrium constraints, and effective surface area as a function of reaction progress can be combined with a numerical integration computer routine and the rate equations proposed by Aagaard and Helgeson (1977, 1982)to predict quantitatively the consequences of irreversible reactions among minerals and aqueous solutions as a function of time and surface area in geochemical processes. Including provision for changing relative rates for several minerals reacting simultaneously with an aqueous solution affords a more realistic description of interphase mass transfer than has been achieved in the past. Computer experiments indicate that reactions among minerals and acid aqueous solutions in geochemical processes take place over relatively short periods of time and that the rate of change is controlled by the pH of the aqueous phase, either directly through formation of activated complexes on the surfaces of the reactant minerals, or indirectly through the dependence on pH of the chemical affinities of the overall reactions. As solution pH increases, the chemical affinities of the hydrolysis reactions decrease dramatically. As a consequence, early incongruent reaction products form much more rapidly than those produced or destroyed in later stages of reaction progress, where reaction rates become proportional to the chemical affinities of the overall hydrolysis reactions. Under these conditions, quasistatic states may persist for long periods of geologic time and result in spatial differences in fluid composition corresponding to different degrees of progress toward overall equilibrium.
Simultaneous measurability in quantum theory

This paper presents a study of what is sometimes regarded as the conceptual heart of quantum theory, namely, the orthodox ‘physical’ interpretation of non-commuting operators as representatives of incompatible (non-simultaneously-measurable) observables. To provide a firm foundation for the analysis, a definite statement of the essentials of modern quantum theory is given briefly in the form of a mathematical axiomatization together with a review of the two measurement constructs introduced elsewhere (Park, 1967b). Contrary to custom in discussions on simultaneous measurability, the uncertainty principle is not dwelt upon but simply stated carefully in order to establish its actual irrelevance to the problem at hand. It is then demonstrated that the much quoted ‘principle’ of incompatibility of noncommuting observables is false. The axiomatic root of all incompatibility arguments is next identified; and it is shown that, with a slight modification of the basic postulates which affects neither useful theorems nor practical calculations, quantum physics no longer entails illogical restrictions on measurability. Among the related topics touched upon are the problem of joint probability distributions, the ‘logical’ approach to quantum mathematics (wherein noncommutativity becomes incompatibility within a propositional calculus), and the field theoretic attempt to unify quantal and relativistic physics through a postulated connection between incompatibility and space-like intervals.
Existence of large singular solutions of conformal scalar curvature equations in Sn

Abstract We prove that every positive function in C 1 ( S n ) , n ⩾ 6 , can be approximated in the C 1 ( S n ) norm by a positive function K ∈ C 1 ( S n ) such that the conformal scalar curvature equation (0.1) - Δ u + n ( n - 2 ) 4 u = Ku n + 2 n - 2 in S n has a weak positive solution u whose singular set consists of a single point. Moreover, we prove there does not exist an apriori bound on the rate at which such a solution u blows up at its singular point. Our result is in contrast to a result of Caffarelli, Gidas, and Spruck which states that Eq. (0.1), with K identically a positive constant in S n , n ⩾ 3 , does not have a weak positive solution u whose singular set consists of a single point.
Teaching and learning computing via social gaming with Pex4Fun (abstract only)

Pex4Fun (pexforfun.com) is a web-based serious gaming environment for teaching computing at many levels, from high school all the way through graduate courses. Unique to the Pex4Fun experience is a cloud-based program evaluation engine based on dynamic symbolic execution and SMT-solving, which provides customized feedback to the student and automated grading for the teacher. Thus, Pex4Fun connects teachers, curriculum authors, and students in a social experience, tracking and streaming progress updates in real time. In particular, Pex4Fun finds interesting and unexpected input values that help students understand what their code is actually doing. The real fun starts with coding duels where students write code to implement a teacher's specification. Pex4Fun finds any discrepancies in behavior between the student's code and the specification. Then based on the reported discrepancies, the student improves his or her code towards the specification. Pex4Fun can be used to develop interesting, engaging, and demanding class materials on mathematics, algorithms, programming languages, or problem solving in general. A teacher can use an integrated wiki to author these class materials for students to work through. This workshop involves creating and teaching course materials at Pex4Fun. Participants should bring a laptop computer. The intended audience includes all levels of CS educators who are interested in integrating educational technology in their teaching environments.
Phase-integral formulation of the single-layer microstrip Green's function

The three-dimensional (3-D) Green's function for a continuous, linearly stratified planar media, backed by a PEC ground plane, can be expressed in terms of a single contour integral involving one-dimensional (1-D) green's function. The phase-integral and WKB methods are applied here to obtain the 1-D green's function in the direction of continuous stratification, i.e., the z-axis. It is shown that for the spatially local wavenumber, k(z) with one simple zero, the 1-D green's function contains Airy functions and hence need careful evaluation across the Stokes lines. The phase-integral or WKB approach avoids the computational complexities associated with discretization of the continuous media into several layers with piecewise continuous electrical parameters, and hence a single 3-D Green's function can be derived to calculate all fields for arbitrary source and receiver locations.
Optimizing memory hierarchy allocation with loop transformations for high-level synthesis

For the majority of computation-intensive application systems, off-chip memory bandwidth is a critical bottleneck for both performance and power consumption. The efficient utilization of limited on-chip memory resources plays a vital role in reducing the off-chip memory accesses. This paper presents an efficient approach for optimizing the on-chip memory allocation by loop transformations in the imperfectly nested loops. We analytically model the on-chip buffer size and off-chip bandwidth after affine loop transformation, loop fusion/distribution and code motion. Branch-and-bound and knapsack reuse techniques are proposed to reduce the computation complexity in finding optimal solutions. Experimental results show that our scheme can save 40% of on-chip memory size with the same bandwidth consumption compared to the previous approaches.
La consumición del deseo. Acerca de las Noches lúgubres de José Cadalso

De acuerdo con las Noches lugubres, de Jose Cadalso, la satisfaccion del deseo es una oscura empresa cercana al horror; su protagonista, Tediato, se propone desenterrar el cuerpo de su amada solo para acostarse con ella y prender fuego a la casa. Tomando este proyecto al pie de la letra, vamos a explorar el lado oscuro del deseo siguiendo la logica que sugieren dos campos asociativos: uno relacionado con el desentierro y otro con el incendio.
Recognition of moving light displays using hidden Markov models

Abstract A spatio-temporal method of identifying moving light displays (M LDs) is presented. The hidden Markov model (HMM) technique is used as the classification algorithm, making classification decisions based on a spatio-temporal sequence of observed object features. Individual frames of a MLD image sequence are assumed to be segmented and contain very little spatial information. The information content is highly temporal in the sense that image sequences are required for object identification. A single look and alternate multiple frame classifier are used for comparison with the HMM technique. A three-class problem is considered. The single look average classification rate for the moving light display imagery was observed to be near 50%. In contrast, the hidden Markov model average classification rate was above 93%. The alternate nearest neighbor multiple frame technique average classification rate was 20% below the hidden Markov models. A one sided t-test revealed a highly statistically significant difference between the hidden Markov model and multiple frame technique at a 0.01 level of significance.
Studies in A-scan echoencephalography: evaluation of a proposed two phase shift

A series of 440 patients studied by echoencephalography is reported. Rather than dividing the patients in the classic two groups of less than 3 mm and more than 3 mm deviation of the midline, the patients in this study were divided into three groups, correlating the degree of midline shift to the presence of intracranial pathology. Group I, showing 0 to 2.5 mm shift proves to be normal with a "miss" rate of only 10%. Group II, showing 2.5 to 3.5 mm shift is regarded as a borderline group with an incidence of significant intracranial pathology of 46%, clearly indicating the need for further evaluation. Group III, demonstrating greater than 3.5 mm shift from the midline, is designated with confidence as abnormal, with a yield of significant intracranial pathology of 100% in this study.
A coupled finite element-element-free Galerkin method

A procedure is developed for coupling meshless methods such as the element-free Galerkin method with finite element methods. The coupling is developed so that continuity and consistency are preserved on the interface elements. Results are presented for both elastostatic and elastodynamic problems, including a problem with crack growth.
Stability of radioiodinated ferritin

Abstract Ferritin which had been radioiodinated using chloramine T exhibited marked instability on storage at 4°C. Both [125I]human liver and heart ferritins showed a similar rate of decline in immunoreactivity ( t 1 2 = 20–23 days) indicating that deterioration with storage was not a function of isoferritin composition. The decrease in radioactivity associated with ferritin was due not only to loss of 125I from the molecule but also to protein degradation as shown by enzyme-linked immunoassay and gel filtration. The degradation products had an Mr of at least 69 000 although low Mr material could be identified by gel filtration when a marked reduction in immunoreactivity had occurred. Ferritin instability was much more pronounced than when other proteins such as immunoglobulin and albumin were radioiodinated with chloramine T. These observations indicate that when performing in vivo and in vitro studies with labeled ferritin, degradation of the protein during storage should be carefully monitored and the protein repurified before use.
Polymerization of olefins through heterogeneous catalysis X: Modeling of particle growth and morphology

The development of a detailed model describing particle growth in olefin copolymerization systems is presented. The Multigrain Model considers in detail monomer sorption, mass transfer, and changing porosity within the growing particle, as well as heat and mass transfer across the external film of the particle. The model predicts catalyst performance, including polymerization rates and particle morphology, in different reactor media without parameter adjustment. Internal void fractions are calculated through an examination of the relative growth rates within the growing particle. The model is used to examine the effects of mass transfer limitations, prepolymerization, and nonuniform metal distribution on the particle growth process. Model predictions of morphology show the same trends as observed experimentally.
Membrane translocation and insertion of NH2‐terminally anchored γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase require a signal recognition particle

Abstract The two subunits of the renal brush border enzyme, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2), are derived from a single-chain propeptide. The membrane-spanning domain consists of a hydrophobic sequence near its NH2-terminus and the protein is oriented with its NH2-terminus on the cytoplasmic side. The enzyme is synthesized without a cleavable signal sequence. Translocation and insertion of this enzyme have been shown to be dependent on the signal recognition particle and presumably require the same translocation machinery that other secretory and membrane proteins use for these processes.
Nonlinear elastic beam theory with application in contact problems and variational approaches

From the first equation we know that a: is a constant, so this beam model is actually a linear ordinary differential equation. If the beam is quite thick, the deformation in lateral direction can not be ignored. By considering the stress in lateral direction, a nonlinear beam theory is developed in this paper for large displacement and small strain elastic beam theory. Application to the unilateral problem with obstacle is illustrated and a nonlinear complementarity problem is proposed. We proved that this nonlinear complementarity problem is equivalent to a variational inequality and a primal variational approach.
Bertrand versus Cournot revisited

Bertrand criticized Cournot's analysis of the competitive process, arguing that firms should be seen as playing a strategy of setting price below competitors' prices (henceforth, the Bertrand strategy) instead of a strategy of accepting the price needed to sell an optimal quantity (the Cournot strategy). We characterize Nash equilibria in a generalized model in which firms choose among Cournot and Bertrand strategies. Best responses always exist in this model. For the duopoly case, we show that iterated best responses converge under mild assumptions on initial states either to Cournot equilibrium or to an equilibrium in which only one firm plays the Bertrand strategy with price equal to marginal cost and that firm has zero sales.
Amylin and Food Intake in Mice: Effects on Motivation to Eat and Mechanism of Action

Amylin is a hormone produced by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Amylin decreased food pellet consumption. Amylin also decreased lever pressing for milk solution whether or not the mice were prefed. Amylin did not produce a conditioned taste aversion in a two bottle test, whereas lithium chloride did. In addition, L-arginine, a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis, was demonstrated to inhibit the ability of amylin to decrease food intake. Amylin did not alter nitric oxide synthase activity in the fundus of the stomach. These studies demonstrated that amylin inhibits food intake at a higher range of doses than is typical of anorectic agents such as cholecystokinin. Amylin does not appear to decrease food intake by reducing the release of nitric oxide but may affect appetite by modulating serum glucose levels when co-released with insulin.
Active sites in oxide-promoted metal catalysts: CO chemisorption on AlOx-modified Ni(111)

Abstract CO chemisorption on both clean Ni(111) and AlO x ( x is between 0.5 and 1.1)-modified Ni(111) surfaces at 200 K has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The AIO x /Ni(111) specimen was prepared by evaporating AI onto the Ni surface and then oxidizing and reducing the specimen at 700 K. TDS results showed that the presence of surface AIO x species suppresses CO chemisorption and that the suppression is almost a linear function of the AlO x coverage. The most prominent CO desorption peak on Ni occurs at 415 K. This peak intensity decreases with increasing Al0 x coverage, indicating a site-blocking effect. An additional CO desorption peak at 300 K was found on the AIO x -modified Ni surface. This 300 K peak intensity attains a maximum at some intermediate AIO x coverage. HREELS results showed a new CO stretching frequency of 1613 cm −1 for CO adsorbed on the A1O x /Ni surface. The disappearance of this 1613-cm −1 energy loss peak upon heating the surface to 325 K suggests that both the 300 K TDS peak and the 1613-cm − 1 energy loss peak represent the same adsorbed CO state, which is attributed to CO absorbed on A1O x /Ni perimeter sites. Surface morphology of the oxide islands and significance of the perimeter sites are discussed.
Genetic variation for volatile terpenoids in roots of carrot, Daucus carota, inbreds and F1 hybrids

Abstract Volatile terpenoid levels were determined in eight carrot inbreds and ten F 1 hybrids. Genetic variation between inbreds spanned a 5-10-fold range f
Recognition of household and athletic activities using smartshoe

The ability to provide real time feedback concerning a person's activity level and energy expenditure can be beneficial for improving activity levels of individuals. Examples include biofeedback systems used for body weight and physical activity management and biofeedback systems for rehabilitation of stroke patients. A critical aspect of any such system is being able to accurately classify data in real-time so that active and timely feedback can be provided. In the paper we demonstrate feasibility of real-time recognition of multiple household and athletic activities on a cell phone using the data collected by a wearable sensor system consisting of SmartShoe sensor and a wrist accelerometer. The experimental data were collected for multiple household and athletic activities performed by a healthy individual. The data was used to train two neural networks, one to be used primarily for sedentary individuals and one for more active individuals. Classification of household activities including ascending stairs, descending stairs, doing the dishes, vacuuming, and folding laundry, achieved 89.62% average accuracy. Classification of athletic activities such as jumping jacks, swing dancing, and ice skating, was performed with 93.13% accuracy. As proof of real-time processing on a mobile platform the trained neural network for healthy individuals was timed and required less than 4ms to perform each feature vector construction and classification.
Calibration of the photon component of 198Au stents

Abstract Purpose 198 Au has promising characteristics for radioactive stent material, having properties as a mixed β-particle and γ emitter. Calibration of these radioactive stents is required to provide accurate clinical dosimetry. Methods and materials We have developed an electroplating technique to incorporate stable gold onto stents followed by activation to 198 Au in the University of Wisconsin nuclear reactor. The calibration method is a modification of the NIST traceable, in-air calibration technique for high-dose-rate (HDR) 192 Ir sources. Results The air-kerma strength of HDR and low-dose-rate (LDR) sources was measured for proof of principle and found to agree to within 3% of values obtained with other NIST traceable calibration techniques. The photon component of two 198 Au radioactive stents was measured over a period of 3 days. Conclusion The air-kerma strength of HDR and LDR sources was measured for proof of principle and found to agree to within 3% of values obtained with other NIST traceable calibration techniques.
α2-Adrenergic receptors in human spinal cord: specific localized expression of mRNA encoding α2-adrenergic receptor subtypes at four distinct levels ☆

Abstract α2-Adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype mRNA (α2a, α2b, α2c) neuronal localization in human spinal cord has not been described. We therefore performed in situ hybridization to identify cell bodies at four levels of human spinal cord (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) containing α2AR subtype specific mRNA. α2AR mRNA is present in gray matter only (ventral > dorsal; sacral > cervical > thoracic = lumbar). In addition to α2AR mRNA in cell bodies in thoracic and lumbar intermediolateral (sympathetic) and sacral intermediate (parasympathetic) cell columns (lamina VII), all levels in dorsal horn laminae I, II, V, and ventral horn lamina IX, we demonstrate α2AR mRNA in dorsal horn laminae III and IV, and dorsal nucleus of Clarke, where α2ARs have not been described. Previously unreported heterogeneity in α2AR subtype distribution (α2a and α2bAR mRNA present, α2cAR mRNA virtually absent) is found at all sites of α2AR mRNA expression in human spinal cord, including locations known to mediate effects of α2AR agonist drugs on nociception, autonomic function and motor tone. Cervical spinal cord demonstrates a predominance of α2a mRNA signal, while thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord demonstrate an increasing predominance of α2bAR mRNA. If confirmed at a protein level, these findings have profound implications for therapeutic strategies in managing human pain.
l-proline dehydrogenase of Triticum vulgare germ: Purification, properties and cofactor interactions

Abstract The enzyme catalysing the l -proline-dependent reduction of NAD + has been purified over 600-fold from wheat germ acetone powder extracts. l -Proline, 3,4 dehydro- dl -proline, thiazolidine-4-carboxylate were the only substrates utilized readily. The K m for l -proline was 1·0 mM and for NAD + 0·8 mM. The enzyme was highly specific for NAD + with NADP + and NADPH acting as effective competitive inhibitors with a K i of 1·8 and 0·4 μM, respectively. All ribonucleoside triphosphates tested were good non-competitive inhibitors, in particular UTP. The purified enzyme could reduce pyrroline-5-carboxylate, either chemically synthesized or generated in a linked assay system from ornithine by a highly-purified ornithine transaminase. In the latter case both NADH and NADPH were utilized equally well as the reductant. With chemically synthesized dl -pyrroline-5-carboxy-late as the substrate. NADPH was used at only 25% the rate of NADH, and NADPH strongly inhibited the oxidation of NADH.
Flame Density Ratio Effects on Vortex Dynamics of Harmonically Excited Bluff Body Stabilized Flames

This paper presents an experimental study of acoustically forced bluff body stabilized flames, motivated by the problem of combustion instabilities. The goal of the work is to better understand the flame and flow behavior as functions of the proximity of the acoustic frequency to natural hydrodynamic instability frequencies. It is well known that iso-density, high Re bluff body wakes are globally unstable, exhibiting the Von Karman vortex street. In reacting flows, however, this global mode is suppressed if the density ratio across the flame is sufficiently high. Thus, the density ratio is an important parameter that influences the global mode growthrate. In this study, the flame was longitudinally forced over a range of hydrodynamic global mode to forcing frequency ratios, density ratios, and forcing amplitudes. Longitudinal forcing leads to the symmetric rollup of the two separating shear layers. When the forcing frequency is in the vicinity of the wake’s global mode frequency, the global mode locks into the forcing frequency, and the symmetric shear layers quickly stagger as they convect downstream, leading to a large scale, sinuous flapping of the wake and flame. The axial position at which staggering occurs is a function of the forcing amplitude and the proximity of the forcing frequency to the global mode frequency.The lock-in phenomenon amplifies the flame’s motion at the forcing frequency. However, if the vortices stagger to a fully sinuous structure, this causes a significant reduction in the flame’s oscillatory heat release through phase cancellation of the upper and lower flame branches. Therefore, if a low density ratio flame is subjected to longitudinal acoustic forcing near its global mode frequency, it will respond with weaker heat release fluctuations than it would away from lock-in. This is true even though the local degree of flame flapping is quite significant. Thus, the results of this study show some phenomena that contradict conventional notions, namely that forcing a globally unstable flow near its global mode frequencies can lead to diminished local heat release oscillations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Labor in the information age: a special issue of Labor History

Revolutions in communication have shaped the world of work, including the control of workers and their ability to mount resistance. In the introduction to his classic work Cybernetics: or Control a...
Timing and selectivity of mutual fund managers: An empirical test of the behavioral decision-making theory

Abstract Classical decision-making theory suggests that decisions made by an individual or a team of decision makers should lead to the same performance outcome. Conversely, behavioral decision-making theory argues that decisions made by teams result in superior micro or macro forecasts and performance outcomes. Our tests using mutual funds support the classical decision-making theory. The empirical results are time invariant and robust with respect to the selected index or model specification.
Dual-scale masks for spatio-temporal compressive imaging

This paper describes a coded aperture and keyed exposure approach to compressive video measurement which admits a small physical platform, high photon efficiency, high temporal resolution, and fast reconstruction algorithms. The proposed projections can be easily implemented using existing optical elements such as spatial light modulators (SLMs). We extend these coded mask designs to novel dual-scale masks (DSMs) which enable the recovery of a coarse-resolution estimate of the scene with negligible computational cost. We develop fast numerical algorithms which utilize both temporal correlations and optical flow in the video sequence as well as the innovative structure of the projections. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on short-wave infrared video data.