cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Growth-Duplication Cycle of the Cell

Publisher Summary The cell growth-duplication cycle consists of one complete interphase and one cell division, and ordinarily the completion of cytokinesis is the most convenient means of marking the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next. The growth and multiplication rates for a cell are determined by the suitability of environmental conditions for the expression, by individual cell types, of genetically prescribed capacities for self-increment and self-duplication. These two sets of factors, environmental and genetic, control the growth rate of the cell over the single life cycle. The rate of proliferation of a cell population is built on the rate at which the individual cell growth-duplication cycle occurs. Growth at both levels, individual cell and population, is the final net result of the same catabolic and anabolic processes. The measurements of growth in the individual and on the population, however, are usually concerned with different levels of the manifestation of same processes.
Reduced response of human meniscal cells to Osteogenic Protein 1 during osteoarthritis and pro-inflammatory stimulation.

Summary Objective Many cell types lose responsiveness to anabolic factors during inflammation and disease. Osteogenic Protein 1 (OP1/BMP7) was evaluated for the ability to enhance extracellular matrix synthesis in healthy and OA meniscus cells. Mechanisms of cell response to OP1 were explored. Design Meniscus and cartilage tissues from healthy tissue donors and osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing total knee arthroplasties were acquired. Primary cell cultures were stimulated with OP1 and/or inflammatory factors (IL1α, IL1β, or fibronectin fragments (FnF)) and cellular responses were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunoblots. Frozen section immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to assess OP1 and receptor proteins in normal and OA meniscus. Results OP1 treatment of normal meniscus cells resulted in significant, dose-dependent increases in ACAN (aggrecan) and COL2A1 , and decreased MMP13 gene transcription, while only ACAN was upregulated ( P ACAN gene transcription in normal meniscus than normal articular cartilage ( P = 0.05), and no differences between normal and OA cartilage were detected. Receptor expression and kinetics of canonical signaling activation were similar between normal and OA specimens. Normal meniscus cells treated with inflammatory factors were refractory to OP1 stimulation. Smad1 phosphorylation at an inhibitory site was induced ( P = 0.01 for both normal and OA meniscus) by inflammatory cytokine treatment. Conclusions The meniscus demonstrates resistance to OP1 stimulation in OA and in the presence of inflammatory mediators. MAPK-mediated Smad1 linker phosphorylation is a possible mediator of the loss of anabolic extracellular matrix production in the inflammatory cytokine affected meniscus.
Practices of Compassionate, Critical, Justice-Oriented Teacher Education.

In this cross-institutional, qualitative case study, two teacher educators in urban teacher education programs identify and analyze the components of our teacher education practice in relation to a...
The Larval Dwelling-tube, Capture Net and Food of Phylocentropus placidus (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)

In Georgia, the larvae of Phylocentropus placidus Banks) construct branched elongate tubes composed of very fine sand grains which are largely buried in detritusladen sandy stream beds. A vertical tube, with a small sub-apical opening for incurrent water, protrudes several centimeters above the stream bed. The lower part of this vertical tube extends into the stream bed as far as 12 cm. Below the substrate surface the vertical tube has branch attached at a 90° angle that curves upward to the surface of the stream bed. This latter branch contains an enlarged chamber that houses the larval capture net. At the apex of this branch there is a small opening for excurrent water. The capture nets have no distinct uniform mesh shapes; instead, there is a random arrangement of closely placed layers of silk strands. Larvae apparently force water through the tubes by undulating their bodies. Larvae feed primarily on very small particulate detritus particles with an avg plane surface area of about 48 μ (or about 7 μ diam). Larval dwelling tubes are found in deposition areas of meandering streams, and Phylocentropus is the only net-spinning trichopteran to inhabit such areas in these streams. The dwelling tubes are very similar to those of the genus Protodipseudopsis described previously from Africa and supports the recent transferral of Phylocentropus from the sub-family Polycentropodinae to Dipseudopsinae.
Toward Autonomous Intelligence: From Active 3D Vision to Invariant Object and Scene Learning, Recognition, and Search

How do we learn what a visually seen object is? How do our brains learn without supervision to link multiple views of the same object into an invariant object category while our eyes scan a scene, even before we have a concept of the object? Indeed, why do we not link together views of different objects when there is no teacher to correct us? Why do not our eyes move around randomly? How do they explore salient features of novel objects and thereby enable us to learn view-, size-, and positionally invariant object categories? How do representations of a scene remain binocularly fused as our eyes explore it? How do we solve the Where’s Waldo problem and thereby efficiently search for desired objects in a scene? This article summarizes the ARTSCAN and ARTSCENE families of neural models, culminating in the 3D ARTSCAN Search model that clarifies how the brain solves these problems in a unified way by coordinating processes of 3D vision and figure-ground separation, spatial and object attention, object and scene category learning, predictive remapping, and eye movement search. ARTSCAN illustrates revolutionary new computational paradigms whereby the brain computes: Complementary Computing clarifies the nature of brain specialization, and Laminar Computing clarifies why all neocortical circuits exhibit a layered architecture. ARTSCAN also provides unified explanations and simulations of brain and behavioral data, and computer simulation benchmarks that support the model, which provides a blueprint for developing a new type of system for active vision and autonomous learning, recognition, search, and robotics.
RECTOSIGMOIDAL ABSORPTION OF PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN (PSP), SULFISOXAZOLE DIETHANOLAMINE (GANTRISIN), AND RADIOIODINE (I-131) IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS.

Abstract Solutions of phenolsulphonphthalein (PSP), sulfisoxazole diethanolamine (Gantrisin), and radioiodine were instilled into the rectosigmoid colon in healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis. All three test materials were absorbed from the rectosigmoid. The amount of PSP and radioiodine absorbed and the appearance rate of sulfisoxazole in the venous blood were not significantly altered in active ulcerative colitis.
Organ Dysfunction, Second Malignant Neoplasms, and Survival

Childhood cancer survival rates have continued to increase during the past four decades, so now the expectation is that the approximately 80 % will be cured. For some, this improved survival has been achieved at the expense of long-term complications of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. These late effects include neurocognitive deficits, cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity, endocrine dysfunction, auditory impairment, and reduced fertility, and will be detailed in this chapter. Second malignant neoplasms are another late complication for survivors. The need for long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors is necessary in order to identify these late effects and provide survivors with appropriate care and surveillance. Research is also needed in order to learn more about late effects of therapy as childhood cancer survivors’ age, and to identify and further characterize second malignant neoplasms. This information is critical in refining treatment algorithms that are designed to reduce late effects, and to continue to improve survival.
Leveraging small scale electron density oscillations in RF plasmas to simplify hairpin resonator probe measurements

Hairpin resonator probes have several design criteria that must be met in order for them to be an effective plasma diagnostic; one of the most important criteria is that they have a very high quality factor, typically Q > 100 or better.1 This criteria is so that the measured resonance can be resolved despite the presence of other chamber resonances and is able to be resolved when loading effects from secondary resonators, electron collisions, and transmission line poles contribute to the electrical characteristics of the probe. Even at these high Q-factors extraction of the resonant frequency can be difficult, particularly for larger industrial systems.
Minimization of Detection of Baud Rate Spectral Lines by Delay and Multiply Receivers

The detectability of the baud rate of a digitally modulated signal that uses Nyquist pulses is investigated. The intercept receiver is assumed to be a delay and multiply circuit followed by a complex correlator. Since many digital transmission systems use rectangular pulse shapes, Nyquist pulse rate line detectability is considered for receivers optimized for rectangular pulses. For a receiver configuration that is reasonable for rectangular pulses, it is found that with a Nyquist pulse with parameter ? = 0.25, the rate line signal-to-noise ratio is down about 20 dB from that for a rectangular pulse signal.
483. In Vivo DMD Gene Editing in Muscles and Muscle Stem Cells of Dystrophic Mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked genetic disorder that arises from frame-disrupting mutations in the DMD gene, encoding DYSTROPHIN. Lack of DYSTROPHIN expression destabilizes muscle fiber membranes, increases susceptibility to contraction-induced injury and drives muscle degeneration. Removing one or more exons from the mutated transcript can produce an in-frame mRNA and a truncated but still functional protein. In this study, we develop and test a direct gene editing strategy to recover DYSTROPHIN expression in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Coupling clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 endonucleases delivered via adeno-associated virus (AAV) with paired guide RNAs flanking the mutated Dmd exon 23, we demonstrate precise excision of intervening DNA and restoration of Dystrophin reading frame and protein expression in vivo in both skeletal and cardiac muscles following local or systemic delivery. DYSTROPHIN expression in AAV Dmd-CRISPR treated mdx mice was sufficient to partially recover functional deficiencies of dystrophic muscle. Finally, we demonstrate in vivo targeting of the mdx mutation in endogenous muscle stem cells, suggesting that AAV-CRISPR may provide a means to support ongoing repair of dystrophic fibers with corrected muscle precursors. This study provides proof-of-concept evidence supporting the feasibility and efficacy of in vivo genome editing to correct frame-disrupting mutations in DMD.View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
PSEUDO-DYNAMIC TESTING OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.

The pseudo-dynamic testing procedure is a simultaneous simulation and control process in which inertia and damping properties are simulated and flexibility properties are acquired from the specimen. The procedure calculates a set of dynamic displacements based on active control theory, utilizing the simulated inertia and damping properties and acquired flexibility properties, under a hypothetical ground motion, and simulates the response of the structure in a quasi-static fashion. The application of the procedure for the testing of structural components is simulated on a seven-story reinforced concrete frame wall building.
Marked increase in urinary excretion of apolipoproteins in children with nephrolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria.

Background Using a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify and compare the urinary excretion of proteins involved in lipid transport and metabolism in children with kidney stones and hypercalciuria (CAL), hypocitraturia (CIT), and normal metabolic work-up (NM), and in healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, we aimed to confirm these results using ELISA, and to examine the relationship between the urinary excretion of selected proteins with demographic, dietary, blood, and urinary parameters.
A Fair Game? Racial Bias and Repeated Interaction between NBA Coaches and Players

There is strong evidence of racial bias in organizations but little understanding of how it changes with repeated interaction. This study proposes that repeated interaction has the potential to red...
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization and Monte Carlo Simulation for Placement of Low Impact Development in the Catchment Scale

AbstractRestoring the hydrologic flow regime of urban areas by promoting infiltration, retention, and evapotranspiration on the site is one of the goals of low-impact development (LID). These goals...
Family as a catalyst in farms' diversifying agricultural products: A mixed methods analysis of diversified and non-diversified farms in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio

Abstract Farms diversifying their agricultural products are going against a prevailing trend of product specialization. Understanding these farms’ motivations has value because diversified farming systems may confer economic, social, and environmental benefits to farms and their ecosystems. Research has looked retrospectively at the reasons diversified farms recall for expanding their range of agricultural outputs. This study contributes to that literature by looking prospectively at how a set of diversified and non-diversified farms in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio considers further diversifying agricultural products. A phase 2 survey (n=179) examines a narrative elicited in phase 1 interviews (n=18): that farms diversify so that more adults in the family can work on the farm. Survey findings support this narrative. Among all respondents, two factors are positively associated with outlook on diversifying: (1) prioritizing the farm as something that adult descendants can do for a profession, and (2) having children under 18. However among a subgroup of non-diversified farms (n=71), while having children at home is positively associated with interest in diversifying, wanting the farm to employ descendants is not. This divergent pattern among non-diversified farms may support a secondary interview narrative, which is that farms only diversify during the years children are teens, to supplement their college savings, with no expectation of maintaining diversified enterprises into children’s adulthood. These findings merit follow-on research to clarify how farms that trial diversified outputs while children are teens may evolve to longer-term diversified agricultural systems.
Statistical Issues in the Analysis of Data from Occupational Cohort Studies

The overwhelming majority of statistical analyses of occupational cohort data are conducted in terms of the standardized mortality ratio or SMR. Saracci and Johnson (1987) reviewed 55 cancer epidemiology papers published during 1982 in the American Journal of Epidemiology, the British Journal of Industrial Medicine and the Journal of Occupational Medicine. All but one of 20 occupational cohort studies that they identified employed the SMR as the principal method of analysis. In spite of its evident popularity, the SMR is particularly susceptible to the selection and confounding biases that affect observational studies generally (Hill 1953; Cochran 1983) and its uncritical use as a summary measure has received frequent criticism (e.g., Gaffey 1976). The continuing debate regarding the relative advantages of local vs national rates as a basis for comparison (Gardner 1986) is a reminder that many other factors besides membership in a particular occupational cohort affect disease rates. “Background” variation in SMRs computed for cohorts in different geographic areas can be expected to swamp the Poisson sampling variability that is reflected in the usual measures of statistical uncertainty.
Financial storage rights for load shifting

There is a potential for reducing societal costs through load shifting provided by energy storage assets. This benefit depends on having a market design that provides a fair representation for storage assets. The correct market design will maximize social welfare and also provide the appropriate incentive for investment in storage. In this work, a multi-period DC Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) model is developed to demonstrate the concept of Total Storage Surplus (TSS) and its relation to Financial Storage Rights (FSRs). FSRs as developed by Alvarez et. al [3] and Taylor [5] are summarized and their pros and cons are discussed. It is shown that FSRs provide the appropriate incentive for investment in storage under certain circumstances.
Vascular Surgery in the Pacific Theaters of World War II: The Persistence of Ligation Amid Unique Military Medical Conditions

Although multiple sources chronicle the practice of vascular surgery in the North African, Mediterranean, and European theaters of World War II, that of the Pacific campaign remains undescribed. Relying on primary source documents from the war, this article provides the first discussion of the manag
The Eighteenth Amendment and the Empowering of the President of Sri Lanka

The constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, which was introduced by the late former President in 1978, which has been in existence henceforth, has been amended eighteen times. The rudimentary objective of the eighteenth amendment is to accord supreme power and authority on key posts to the president. This has made the president, an executive president with dominant power. The eighteenth amendment would bolster the ones, who wish to defeat democracy and assassinate good governance in order to create a totalitarian government. The contemporary government believes that to liberate the country completely from civil war and to make good socio economic development during the post-war era, there is a desperate need for executive governance, which is the only mean by which political stability and strength can be achieved. The government also believes that the sovereignty of people would be enhanced, since the right to choose the president lies with the people, and allowing a person to hold the office any number of times can be considered as prime democracy. In actuality, the aforementioned arguments are valid only in societies with sound knowledge, ability to think laterally and traits of good governance. On the other hand, one cannot disregard the argument that, this may pave the way for the demise of democracy and good governance in Sri Lanka, leading to a totalitarian government in Sri Lanka. This article is written at a time when fear and questions are being raised regarding their influence on the political culture, democracy and good governance in Sri Lanka.
Complex Organizations and Living Systems Theory

The study of complex organizations occupies a middle ground between traditional, reductionist research that stresses the simplicity of two-variable relationships and the more contemporary, probabilistic research that stresses the disorganized complexity of statistical, multivariate relationships. Research on complex organizations focuses on problems of what Weaver (1958) terms organized complexity—that is, on problems with many variables but with knowable relationships among these variables. Because of the stress on interrelated, interdependent variables, problems of organized complexity seem especially amenable to study within the perspective of systems science, which has frequently been called the science of complexity.
PREVENTION OF SECONDARY HEMORRHAGE IN HANUMAN SYNDROME (OPEN MEDIASTINAL DRAINAGE)

The author describes three common mechanisms of hemorrhage which may occur following "open management" of sterno-mediastinitis after cardiac surgery. Recommendations for prevention and treatment are presented including the suggestion that whenever sterno-mediastinitis is treated by the open method in the initial stage of management, the patient should be paralyzed and maintained on artificial respiration.
Book Review: Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer, Eds. Economics and Psychology: A Promising New Cross-Disciplinary Field

In Economics and Psychology: A Promising New Cross-disciplinary Field, Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer have compiled a series of papers exploring the boundaries between the two fields. The volume consists of survey chapters and original contributions on specific topics. All but one of the chapters are written by economists, and concern areas in which psychology – socia-lpsychology in particular – contributes to economics. The book targets academic economists, and not academic psychologists or the general reader. Despite the well established, longstanding and prolific interdisciplinary relationship between the two fields, the editors, as title suggests, treat the intersection between economics and psychology as something new. 2 The book could more appropriately be framed as an argument for increased research into the specific topics that the editors and contributors view as the next frontier in cross-disciplinary research. 3 These include cooperative behavior, neuroeconomics, happiness, and procedural utility.
The synthy approach for end to end web services composition: planning with decoupled causal and resource reasoning

Web services offer a unique opportunity to simplify application integration by defining common, web-based, platform-neutral, standards for publishing service descriptions to a registry, finding and invoking them - not necessarily by the same parties. Viewing software components as web services, the current solutions to web services composition based on business web services (using WSDL, BPEL, SOAP etc.) or semantic web services (using ontologies, goal-directed reasoning etc.) are both piecemeal and insufficient for building practical applications. Inspired by the work in Al planning on decoupling causal (planning) and resource reasoning (scheduling), we introduced the first integrated work in composing web services end to end from specification to deployment by synergistically combining the strengths of the current approaches. The solution is based on a novel two-staged composition approach that addresses the information modeling aspects of web services, provides support for contextual information while composing services, employs efficient decoupling of functional and non-functional requirements, and leads to improved scalability and failure handling. A prototype of the solution has been implemented in the Synthy service composition system and applied to a number of composition scenarios from the telecom domain. The application of planning to web services has also brought new plan and planner usability-driven research issues to the fore for AI.
Radiotherapy to demonstrate persistent overall survival benefit in locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer.

e18115Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is associated with poor prognosis and rapid tumor enlargement which affects nearby critical structures. Mortality is often secondary to complicatio...
Flight-testing of a cooperative UGV-to-UAV strategy for improved positioning in challenging GNSS environments

Abstract We present an experimental flight test evaluation of a cooperative navigation strategy in which an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that is subjected to very poor GNSS satellite geometry is provided ranging updates from Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). Central to the design of this approach, the UGV's motion planning is designed to provide the most favorable positioning geometry for the UAV. During a set of field tests, the positioning error of a UAV that is confronted with unfavorable GNSS satellite geometry is shown to be reduced by more than five-fold through the use of ranging updates from a UGV.
Abstract TP404: A Novel Adipokine DPPIV Induces Inflammation and Apoptosis of Carotid Artery Smooth Muscle Cells: Implications for Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability

Background: Carotid Atherosclerotic (CA) plaque rupture is associated with ischemic stroke. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play key role in plaque development. SMC also produce collagen fibers and maint...
Predictions of new AB O 3 perovskite compounds by combining machine learning and density functional theory

We apply machine learning (ML) methods to a database of 390 experimentally reported $AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compounds to construct two statistical models that predict possible new perovskite materials and possible new cubic perovskites. The first ML model classified the 390 compounds into 254 perovskites and 136 that are not perovskites with a 90% average cross-validation (CV) accuracy; the second ML model further classified the perovskites into 22 known cubic perovskites and 232 known noncubic perovskites with a 94% average CV accuracy. We find that the most effective chemical descriptors affecting our classification include largely geometric constructs such as the $A$ and $B$ Shannon ionic radii, the tolerance and octahedral factors, the $A$-O and $B$-O bond length, and the $A$ and $B$ Villars' Mendeleev numbers. We then construct an additional list of $625AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compounds assembled from charge conserving combinations of $A$ and $B$ atoms absent from our list of known compounds. Then, using the two ML models constructed on the known compounds, we predict that 235 of the 625 exist in a perovskite structure with a confidence greater than 50% and among them that 20 exist in the cubic structure (albeit, the latter with only $\ensuremath{\sim}50%$ confidence). We find that the new perovskites are most likely to occur when the $A$ and $B$ atoms are a lanthanide or actinide, when the $A$ atom is an alkali, alkali earth, or late transition metal atom, or when the $B$ atom is a $p$-block atom. We also compare the ML findings with the density functional theory calculations and convex hull analyses in the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD), which predicts the $T=0$ K ground-state stability of all the $AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compounds. We find that OQMD predicts 186 of 254 of the perovskites in the experimental database to be thermodynamically stable within 100 meV/atom of the convex hull and predicts 87 of the 235 ML-predicted perovskite compounds to be thermodynamically stable within 100 meV/atom of the convex hull, including 6 of these to be in cubic structures. We suggest these 87 as the most promising candidates for future experimental synthesis of novel perovskites.
Partnering Research Fellows and Clinicians in Practice Settings

At the front line of patient care, family physicians have questions about how to improve their practice or track an impact of ongoing initiatives, but often lack experience or time to seek answers in the clinical setting. Collaborations with researchers might be an effective way to answer relevant
Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: A Pathologist’s Perspective

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cervical squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and their precursors. This chapter underscores the role of pathologists in morphologic evaluation and ancillary testing of cervical tissue, which is paramount toward successful implementation of cervical cancer screening protocols. Cytohistologic criteria for the precursor lesions (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and SMILE), along with various methods for HPV testing, are herein discussed.
Physical Health Under the Shadow of Mortality: The Terror Management Health Model

Abstract This chapter presents the terror management health model as an integrative effort to connect terror management processes and health decision-making. The model proposes that health scenarios themselves can act as reminders of mortality, which subsequently ignite terror management processes. Conceptualizing awareness of death as the catalyst for motivational orientations, the model then offers specific hypotheses about how conscious thoughts of death, in health contexts, result in attempts to reduce perceptions of vulnerability and remove these thoughts from focal awareness. Nonconscious thoughts of death, in contrast, trigger responses that affect health decision-making based more on the relevance to one’s sense of self-worth and cultural identity. Research derived from the model is reviewed. Additional discussion centers on the reciprocal contributions toward understanding basic and applied issues at the intersection between terror management and health with a look toward issues for future research.
Prospective Randomized Study of Advance Directives in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients

ABSTRACT Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at risk for high morbidity and mortality. Advance directives (AD) allow patients to express wishes regarding their care at the end of life, but these are not completed in the majority of patients undergoing HCT, with only 44% of deceased allogeneic HCT recipients at this institution completing an AD in the past decade. Increasing the AD completion rate can improve the quality of care for allogeneic HCT recipients. Our objective was to evaluate whether an alternative AD instrument can increase AD completion rate and patient satisfaction. We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled study of the traditional California AD versus a novel Letter AD, the Stanford What Matters Most Letter, in adult allogeneic HCT recipients. Patients age ≥18 years undergoing first allogeneic HCT at Stanford University were eligible. Prior to HCT conditioning, enrolled patients were assigned at random to complete either the traditional AD or the Letter AD. The primary endpoint was AD completion. The chi-square test was used to compare the AD completion rate between arms. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare uncertainty, satisfaction with decision making, and satisfaction with the AD. Of the 212 patients who were eligible, 126 (59.4%) were enrolled and randomized. The mean age was 53.7 years, 57 (45.2%) were female, and 74 (58.7%) were non-Hispanic white. The overall AD completion rate was 71.4% and did not differ between the traditional and Letter AD arms (70.3% versus 72.6%; P = .78). Of those who completed the Letter AD, 66.7%, 42.2%, and 46.7% of patients wished to die gently/naturally, at home, and/or with hospice, respectively. In the traditional AD arm, 60.0% wished to not prolong life if recovery was unlikely. Opinion surveys did not find differences in levels of satisfaction between the traditional AD and Letter AD. Completion rates of AD on this study were high (71.4%) compared with historically reported completion rates and did not significantly differ based on AD version.
FLUX COMPRESSION IN SUPERCONDUCTORS

A program has been initiated at JPL to study flux compression in superconductors. We present a brief description of some flux pumping concepts, and then turn to describing recent experimental work at JPL. In particular we have compressed an applied starting magnetic field of 0.016 T to 2.2 T in one stroke, thereby achieving a compression ratio of 137.
Exploring Genetic Contributions to News Use Motives and Frequency of News Consumption: A Study of Identical and Fraternal Twins

Prior research conducted within the Uses and Gratifications paradigm has considered the contribution of numerous background social and psychological characteristics to motives for media use and med...
Flexible vs. rigid dieting in resistance-trained individuals seeking to optimize their physiques: A randomized controlled trial.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare a flexible vs. rigid diet on weight loss and subsequent weight regain in resistance-trained (RT) participants in a randomized, parallel group design. Methods Twenty-three males and females (25.6 ± 6.1 yrs; 170 ± 8.1 cm; 75.4 ± 10.3 kg) completed the 20-week intervention (consisting of a 10-week diet phase and a 10-week post-diet phase). Participants were randomized to a flexible diet (FLEX) comprised of non-specific foods or a rigid diet (RIGID) comprised of specific foods. Participants adhered to an ~20%kcal reduction during the first 10-weeks of the intervention and were instructed to eat ad libitum for the final 10-weeks. Body composition and resting metabolic rate were assessed 5 times: (baseline, 5, 10 [end of diet phase], 16, and 20 weeks). Results During the 10-week diet phase, both groups significantly reduced bodyweight (FLEX: baseline = 76.1 ± 8.4kg, post-diet = 73.5 ± 8.8 kg, ▲2.6 kg; RIGID: baseline = 74.9 ± 12.2 kg, post-diet = 71.9 ± 11.7 kg, ▲3.0 kg, p < 0.001); fat mass (FLEX: baseline = 14.8 ± 5.7 kg, post-diet = 12.5 ± 5.0 kg, ▲2.3 kg; RIGID: baseline = 18.1 ± 6.2 kg, post-diet = 14.9 ± 6.5 kg, ▲3.2 kg p < 0.001) and body fat% (FLEX: baseline = 19.4 ± 8.5%, post-diet = 17.0 ± 7.1%, ▲2.4%; RIGID: baseline = 24.0 ± 6.2%, post-diet = 20.7 ± 7.1%, ▲3.3%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups for any variable during the diet phase. During the post-diet phase, a significant diet x time interaction (p < 0.001) was observed for FFM with the FLEX group gaining a greater amount of FFM (+1.7 kg) in comparison with the RIGID group (−0.7 kg). Conclusions A flexible or rigid diet strategy is equally effective for weight loss during a caloric restriction diet in free-living, RT individuals. While post-diet FFM gains were greater in the FLEX group, there were no significant differences in the amount of time spent in resistance and aerobic exercise modes nor were there any significant differences in protein and total caloric intakes between the two diet groups. In the absence of a clear physiological rationale for increases in FFM, in addition to the lack of a standardized diet during the post-diet phase, we refrain from attributing the increases in FFM in the FLEX group to their diet assignment during the diet phase of the investigation. We recommend future research investigate additional physiological and psychological effects of flexible diets and weight regain in lean individuals.
Co-immunoprecipitation and semi-quantitative immunoblotting for the analysis of protein-protein interactions.

Summary Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of protein complexes from cell lysates is widely used to study protein-protein interactions. However, establishing robust co-IP assays often involves considerable optimization. Moreover, co-IP results are frequently presented in non-quantitative ways. This protocol presents an optimized co-IP workflow with an analysis based on semi-quantitative immunoblot densitometry to increase reliability and reproducibility. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Burckhardt et al. (2021) .
CalCROP21: A Georeferenced multi-spectral dataset of Satellite Imagery and Crop Labels.

Mapping and monitoring crops is a key step towards sustainable intensification of agriculture and addressing global food security. A dataset like ImageNet that revolutionized computer vision applications can accelerate development of novel crop mapping techniques. Currently, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) annually releases the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) which contains crop labels at 30m resolution for the entire United States of America. While CDL is state of the art and is widely used for a number of agricultural applications, it has a number of limitations (e.g., pixelated errors, labels carried over from previous errors and absence of input imagery along with class labels). In this work, we create a new semantic segmentation benchmark dataset, which we call CalCROP21, for the diverse crops in the Central Valley region of California at 10m spatial resolution using a Google Earth Engine based robust image processing pipeline and a novel attention based spatio-temporal semantic segmentation algorithm STATT. STATT uses re-sampled (interpolated) CDL labels for training, but is able to generate a better prediction than CDL by leveraging spatial and temporal patterns in Sentinel2 multi-spectral image series to effectively capture phenologic differences amongst crops and uses attention to reduce the impact of clouds and other atmospheric disturbances. We also present a comprehensive evaluation to show that STATT has significantly better results when compared to the resampled CDL labels. We have released the dataset and the processing pipeline code for generating the benchmark dataset.
Effectiveness of Take-Home Naloxone Programs in Athletic Training: An Evidence-to-Practice Review

The number of opioid overdoses (ODs) has risen in recent years and has become more complex due to the co-involvement of both prescription and illicit opioid drug use. Provisional programs for take-home naloxone (a medication designed to rapidly reverse opiate OD symptoms) kits have been distributed to combat this potentially fatal epidemic. Although there is strong evidence to support the efficacy of naloxone in the reversal of opiate OD, there is limited evidence to support the efficacy of take-home naloxone (THN) kits. The purpose of this evidence-to-practice review was to summarize a systematic review on the efficacy of THN programs. The authors aimed to include studies of THN programs that both trained opioid users in OD prevention and reported on OD outcomes. The Bradford Hill criteria (strength of association, temporality, consistency, specificity, dose-response relationship, biological plausibility, coherence, experimental evidence, and analogy) and five additional criteria (measure cost-effectiveness, absence of negative consequences, feasibility of implementation/expansion/ coverage, unanticipated benefits, and special populations) was used as dependent variables to determine the impact of public health intervention where randomized control trials (RCTs) are not ethically feasible or operationally practical. All 22 studies included provided empirical support using the Bradford Hill Criteria for community based THN programs. Despite being unable to deduce whether death would have occurred without the administration of THN, the studies combined accounted for an estimated 2316 successful opioid OD reversals. Thus, there is a strong association between THN administration and overdose survival. Additionally, there was a low rate of adverse events: withdrawal symptoms (2.8%), vomiting (2.2%), agitation (2.1%), seizures (0.1%). Consequently, we recommend that athletic trainers include opioid crisis management equipment and procedures in a site-specific policies manual. Clinical relevance is highly dependent on patient population and geographic location, considering 90% of reversed ODs were heroin induced. Application to individuals in organized sport is minimal, but nonetheless, individuals who are prescribed opioids for pain management should be candidates for THN programs. Athletic trainers and guardians of minors prescribed opioid medications should be educated on dispensing medication, best practices for opioid crisis management, and distribution of naloxone/THN.
Advances in engineering microbial biosynthesis of aromatic compounds and related compounds

Aromatic compounds have broad applications and have been the target of biosynthetic processes for several decades. New biomolecular engineering strategies have been applied to improve production of aromatic compounds in recent years, some of which are expected to set the stage for the next wave of innovations. Here, we will briefly complement existing reviews on microbial production of aromatic compounds by focusing on a few recent trends where considerable work has been performed in the last 5 years. The trends we highlight are pathway modularization and compartmentalization, microbial co-culturing, non-traditional host engineering, aromatic polymer feedstock utilization, engineered ring cleavage, aldehyde stabilization, and biosynthesis of non-standard amino acids. Throughout this review article, we will also touch on unmet opportunities that future research could address.
Do They Really Care? A Critical Race Theory Analysis of Culturally Relevant Caring for Black Male Students

One segment of the student population that is regularly and systematically ignored is Black male students labeled “overage, under-credited” (OA/UC) based on their age and credits earned towards graduation. These young men are typically educated in alternative settings such as transfer high schools and adult learning centers. A critical race theory (CRT) analysis calls into question expanding alternative school options while limiting the exploration of how and to what extent Black male students benefit. The purpose of this study is to highlight how, if at all, OA/UC Black male students at an alternative school in New York City experience culturally relevant caring. We add to literature on culturally relevant caring by considering its importance in schooling experiences of three OA/UC Black male students in relation to tenets of CRT and examine two questions: (1) How, if at all, do OA/UC Black male students in a transfer high school experience culturally relevant care? (2) In what ways are students’ experiences of culturally relevant care shaped by structural determinism and intersectionality? Our analysis indicates that the school itself is reflective of a structural determinism that prevents transformative alternatives from fully emerging, particularly in relation to culturally relevant caring.
The Mechanistic Basis of Centrally Active Antihypertensive Drugs

Antihypertensive drugs lower arterial blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, or both. Most of the drugs act at the level of the heart, blood vessel, kidney, and/or the autonomic nervous system. One class selectively acts in the central nervous system. These drugs act mainly at the level of the brainstem to decrease central sympathetic outflow. Neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medullary (RVLM) pressor area are tonically active and drive the activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons located in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord. In turn, these preganglionics then activate the postganglionic sympathetic neurons and release norepinephrine onto the heart and blood vessels to increase arterial pressure. Neurons in the RVLM are predominantly modulated by two other medullary nuclei: the nucleus of the solitary tract (involved in baro- and chemoreceptor pathways) and the caudal ventrolateral medullary (CVLM) depressor area. These three main medullary areas co-ordinate sympathetic outflow and are the targets of many centrally acting antihypertensive drugs.
Modernism, feminism, and Jewishness

Introduction: Imagined Jews and the shape of feminist modernism 1. 'Strip each statement of its money motive': Jews and the ideal of disinterested art in Warner, Rhys, and Woolf 2. Transformations of supersessionism in Woolf and Richardson 3. Adding bathrooms, fomenting revolutions: modernity and Jewishness in Woolf and Warner 4. The race must go on: gender, Jewishness, and racial continuity in Richardson and Barnes 5. The 'No time region': time, trauma, and Jewishness in Barnes and Rhys 6. Metatextual Jewishness: shaping feminist modernism Bibliography.
Application of Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction (C-SPE) to Monitoring Nickel(II) and Lead(II) in Spacecraft Water Supplies

Archived water samples collected on the International Space Station (ISS) and returned to Earth for analysis have, in a few instances, contained trace levels of heavy metals. Building on our previous advances using Colorimetric Solid Phase Extraction (C-SPE) as a biocide monitoring technique, we are devising methods for the low level monitoring of nickel(II), lead(II) and other heavy metals. C-SPE is a sorption-spectrophotometric platform based on the extraction of analytes onto a membrane impregnated with a colorimetric reagent that are then quantified on the surface of the membrane using a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Along these lines, we have determined nickel(II) via complexation with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and begun to examine the analysis of lead(II) by its reaction with 2,5- dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD) and 4-(2- pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). These developments are also extending a new variant of C-SPE in which immobilized reagents are being incorporated into this methodology in order to optimize sample reaction conditions and to introduce the colorimetric reagent. This paper describes the status of our development of these two new methods.
Conceptual clustering of mean-ends plans

ABSTRACT Planning benefits from efficient and accurate recall of relevant past experience. We describe the application of conceptual clustering to the task of organizing operators and plans for efficient reuse. In particular, STRIPS-style operators and plans may be grouped, characterized and reused based on similar applicability (ADD, DELETE, and PRE) conditions.
Process Identification using Nonlinear Programming Techniques

A nonlinear programming approach is developed to estimate process variables and parameters in nonlinear dynamic systems. This approach is used for identification and nonlinear predictive control of a jacketed CSTR with deadtime on the measurements. Studies are performed that illustrate the effects of model structure uncertainty, parameter uncertainty, measurement noise and measurement deadtime uncertainty. This estimation-based approach is shown to be superior to nonlinear predictive control without estimation.
America’s Toll Road Heritage: The Achievements of Private Initiative in the Nineteenth Century

This chapter describes how, before Americans built the Erie Canal or hammered the first railroad spike, private toll roads shaped and accommodated trade and migration routes, leaving social and political imprints on the communities that debated and supported them. Private road building came and went in waves throughout the nineteenth century and across the country. All told, between 2,500 and 3,200 companies successfully financed, built, and operated their toll road. Although most of these roads operated for only a fraction of the 100+ period, the combined mileage of private toll roads that operated at any point in time would be in the range of 30,000 to 52,000 miles. America’s 100+ year experience with private toll roads offers valuable lessons for policy makers and citizens today. American toll road history is pretty well covered by considering three episodes: the turnpike era of the eastern states 1792 to 1845; the plank road boom 1847 to 1853; and the toll roads of the Far West 1850 to 1902.
Governance im IT-Portfoliomanagement – Ein Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung von Strategic Alignment bei der Bewertung von IT

In vielen Unternehmen der Dienstleistungsbranche bilden IT-Kosten nach den Personalkosten den zweitgrosten Kostenblock. Auch in anderen Branchen nehmen sie stetig zu. Wenn viele IT-Investitionen die geplanten Ziele nicht erreichen, dann fuhrt dies bei einem steigenden Investitionsvolumen zu einer (noch) hoheren „Mittelverschwendung“. Grunde hierfur sind u. a. in einer Fehlallokation von Ressourcen infolge unzureichender Methoden im IT-Portfoliomanagement zu suchen. Um bei der Gestaltung solcher Methoden den aus der IT-Governance abgeleiteten Anforderungen an ein IT-Portfoliomanagement gerecht zu werden, ist dabei neben erwartetem Ertrag und Risiko auch das Strategic Alignment von IT-Investitionen zu berucksichtigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird ein Ansatz zur Quantifizierung des Strategic Alignments vorgeschlagen, wonach erlautert wird, wie dieses bei der Auswahl des Portfolios mit dem hochsten Wertbeitrag berucksichtigt werden kann.