cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The UMLS Semantic Network and the Semantic Web

The Unified Medical Language System is an extensive source of biomedical knowledge developed and maintained by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) and is being currently used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. The Semantic Network, a component of the UMLS is a structured description of core biomedical knowledge consisting of well defined semantic types and relationships between them. We investigate the expressiveness of DAML+OIL, a markup language proposed for ontologies on the Semantic Web, for representing the knowledge contained in the Semantic Network. Requirements specific to the Semantic Network, such as polymorphic relationships and blocking relationship inheritance are discussed and approaches to represent these in DAML+OIL are presented. Finally, conclusions are presented along with a discussion of ongoing and future work.
Exclusive Hadronic Reactions at High $Q^2$ ($90\degree$) and Polarization Phenomena, An Experimental Proposal}

Arguments are presented for the expected behaviour of $\piNpiN$ scattering and the $\pbarppipi$ reaction at high energy and large scattering angles. % The annihilation reaction has close to maximal asymmetry ($\approx$ 1) for $p_{lab} \siml $ 2.2 GeV/c. % As will be presented for fixed (90$\degree$) angle this large asymmetry will not become zero but will start to oscillate with energy at higher energies and large $Q^2$ when perturbative QCD becomes applicable. This is due to the energy dependence of a QCD phase difference between the independent quark-quark scattering (Landshoff) and short-distance processes at high but not asymptotic energies. % A consequence of the existence the Landshoff process is that even if helicity is conserved at the quark level ($m_{q}$ = 0 MeV), helicity does not have to be conserved on the hadronic level. % We will discuss the implications for spin observables in $pp$ elastic scattering and argue that
Coherent and incoherent effects in charge density wave transport

The interplay between coherent and incoherent effects associated with the dynamics of the charge density wave mode is discussed, by reviewing experiments concerning the response of the pinned and of the current carrying mode.
Two Complete Algebraic Theories of Logic

Publisher Summary This chapter presents two complete and sound algebraic theories of logic. They are algebraic theories in the sense that each theorem is an equality between two terms, each of which is formed by means of function symbols and by means of variables all of which belong to the same kind. They are the theories of logic, because one is able to express and prove in them everything that can be expressed or proved in first-order logic with a symbol for identity. They are sound in the sense that only those equalities between terms can be derived that are valid—i.e., hold under all the intended interpretations. Finally, they are complete in the sense that all those equalities among terms that are valid can be derived. The two theories are closely related. Both use the same terms but differ with respect to their interpretation. Algebraic theories of logic have certain advantages over the usual theories for first-order logic with identity. All variables are of one kind, and there are no variable-binding operators. Also, because in each case the problem is to derive an equality from axioms, which are themselves equalities, one can always proceed linearly, considering throughout the operation being denoted by each of the two terms of the equality to be derived.
Noise performance of the stretched-pulse ring laser

Summary form only given. Noise characterization on the Er-doped soliton fiber ring laser have been reported previously. These reports verify the extremely quiet operation of the soliton laser, and show that the timing jitter of the soliton laser is due to amplified spontaneous emission. The stretched pulse Er-doped fiber ring laser generates pulses whose energy is an order of magnitude larger than the soliton laser and whose pulse width can be as short of 65 fs. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the noise performance of this laser is comparable to that of the fiber ring soliton laser.
Personnel Resources in Physical Therapy: An Analysis of Supply, Career Patterns, and Methods to Enhance Availability

Describing the ever-changing supply and demand for physical therapy personnel in the United States is an intricate, complex, and profoundly significant task for the profession. In this article, a review of data relating to the supply of physical therapy personnel in the work force and their typical career patterns is presented. The estimates of the numbers of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants are discussed, as are problems associated with such estimates. Studies of career patterns of physical therapists are compared. Changes in the participation rates of women in the physical therapy work force over the last three decades are described. Career expectations, defined as both length and pattern of work-force participation, of entering physical therapy professionals are presented. Strategies to adjust the work-force participation of personnel through changes in the educational process, career patterns, and practice patterns are discussed.
Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia.

Fan X, Borba CPC, Copeland P, Hayden D, Freudenreich O, Goff DC, Henderson DC. Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Objective: This study examined the effects of adjunctive aripiprazole therapy on metabolism in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Method: In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either aripiprazole (15 mg/day) or placebo. At baseline and week 8, metabolic parameters were assessed by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Thirty subjects completed the study (16 in the aripiprazole group and 14 in the placebo group). Glucose effectiveness measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test improved significantly in the aripiprazole group (0.003 ± 0.006 vs. −0.005 ± 0.007/min, P = 0.010). The aripiprazole group showed significant reductions in both plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (−15.1 ± 19.8 vs. 4.4 ± 22.5 mg/dl, P = 0.019) and LDL particle numbers (−376 ± 632 vs. −36 ± 301 nm, P = 0.035). Further, there was a significant reduction in the lean mass (−1125 ± 1620 vs. 607 ± 1578 g, P = 0.011) measured by whole-body DXA scan in the aripiprazole group. All values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, aripiprazole vs. placebo. Conclusion: Adjunctive therapy with aripiprazole may have some metabolic benefits in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia.
Temperature selection for chlorinated hydrocarbon reduction for the hall electrolytic conductivity detector

Etude des hydrocarbures chlores (aliphatiques et aromatiques) par couplage, chromatographie gazeuse ― systeme de detection de la conductivite electrolytique de Hall ― spectrometrie de masse
Nuclear envelope structure

The past 18 months have seen significant advances in our knowledge of the constituents of the nuclear envelope, their interactions during interphase and the mechanisms involved in their mitotic dynamics. Although most of the new data are in general agreement with, and contribute detail to, our traditional image of the nuclear envelope, a few observations appear to mark the beginning of new and important directions in research.
Analysis of p53 transactivation domain mutants reveals Acad11 as a metabolic target important for p53 pro-survival function.

The p53 tumor suppressor plays a key role in maintaining cellular integrity. In response to diverse stress signals, p53 can trigger apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells or cell-cycle arrest to enable cells to cope with stress and survive. However, the transcriptional networks underlying p53 pro-survival function are incompletely understood. Here, we show that in oncogenic-Ras-expressing cells, p53 promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and cell survival upon glucose starvation. Analysis of p53 transcriptional activation domain mutants reveals that these responses depend on p53 transactivation function. Using gene expression profiling and ChIP-seq analysis, we identify several p53-inducible fatty acid metabolism-related genes. One such gene, Acad11, encoding a protein involved in fatty acid oxidation, is required for efficient OXPHOS and cell survival upon glucose starvation. This study provides new mechanistic insight into the pro-survival function of p53 and suggests that targeting this pathway may provide a strategy for therapeutic intervention based on metabolic perturbation.
Uncertainty in climate change projections: the role of internal variability

Uncertainty in future climate change presents a key challenge for adaptation planning. In this study, uncertainty arising from internal climate variability is investigated using a new 40-member ensemble conducted with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) under the SRES A1B greenhouse gas and ozone recovery forcing scenarios during 2000–2060. The contribution of intrinsic atmospheric variability to the total uncertainty is further examined using a 10,000-year control integration of the atmospheric model component of CCSM3 under fixed boundary conditions. The global climate response is characterized in terms of air temperature, precipitation, and sea level pressure during winter and summer. The dominant source of uncertainty in the simulated climate response at middle and high latitudes is internal atmospheric variability associated with the annular modes of circulation variability. Coupled ocean-atmosphere variability plays a dominant role in the tropics, with attendant effects at higher latitudes via atmospheric teleconnections. Uncertainties in the forced response are generally larger for sea level pressure than precipitation, and smallest for air temperature. Accordingly, forced changes in air temperature can be detected earlier and with fewer ensemble members than those in atmospheric circulation and precipitation. Implications of the results for detection and attribution of observed climate change and for multi-model climate assessments are discussed. Internal variability is estimated to account for at least half of the inter-model spread in projected climate trends during 2005–2060 in the CMIP3 multi-model ensemble.
The comparative aspects of cell wall chemistry in the green algae ( chlorophyta )

The origin of a cell wall was an event of fundamental importance in the evolution of plants. In the green algae, cell walls apparently had independent origins in at least three lines of evolution. In this paper, the components of the cell wall were determined and compared in four filamentous green algae representing the charophycean, chlorophycean and ulvacean evolutionary lines. The walls of all four have hydroxyproline-containing proteins which separate into five or six bands upon SDS gel electrophoresis. Variation does exist, with the charophyte possessing fast moving electrophoretic bands and high hydroxyproline content, the chlorophytes having intermediate movement of bands and lower hydroxyproline content, and the ulvacean representative possessing slow moving bands and a very low, if not questionable, hydroxyproline and saccharide content. Qualitative and quantitative estimates of wall proteins and sugars have been determined and compared. A hypothetical scheme of cell wall evolution based on these data, those of previous analyses, and recent phylogenetic schemes is presented. Although sound conclusions cannot be made until more information is available, the scheme might help to emphasize the areas most in need of additional research.
Rapid, multiparameter profiling of cellular secretion using silicon photonic microring resonator arrays.

We have developed a silicon photonic biosensing chip capable of multiplexed protein measurements in a biomolecularly complex cell culture matrix. Using this multiplexed platform combined with fast one-step sandwich immunoassays, we perform a variety of T cell cytokine secretion studies with excellent time-to-result. Using 32-element arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators, the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were simultaneously quantified with high accuracy in serum-containing cell media. Utilizing this cytokine panel, secretion profiles were obtained for primary human Th0, Th1, and Th2 subsets differentiated from naive CD4+ T cells, and we show the ability to discriminate between lineage commitments at early stages of culture differentiation. We also utilize this approach to probe the temporal secretion patterns of each T cell type using real-time binding analyses for direct cytokine quantitation down to ~100 pM with just a 5 min analysis.
An evaluation of woodland reclamation on strip-mined lands in east Texas

We compared the composition and structural characteristics of reclaimed and native woody plant communities near Fairfield, Texas, to evaluate the effectiveness of woodland reclamation 3–11 years since establishment. Species composition, foliage density, canopy cover, and woody plant densities were recorded in plots randomly placed along transects bisecting blocks of reclaimed and native woodlands. During summer, vertical foliage densities at heights ≤2 m were similar among native and reclaimed areas. Foliage density and canopy cover declined in reclaimed blocks during winter, but remained relatively constant in native woodlands, where evergreens and vines were more common. Canopy cover was absent in reclaimed woodlands 50%. Reclamation procedures used at Big Brown Mine (BBM) during 1981–1988 have not produced woodland habitats with vegetative characteristics comparable to premined woodlands and may not be providing the cover needed to encourage use by certain wildlife species. Procedures for improving woodland reclamation are recommended.
Evaluation of perfusion and viability in hypothermic non-beating isolated porcine hearts using cardiac MRI

The donor heart undergoes degradation during hypothermic storage. An assessment of donor heart preservation is typically done with histological or biochemical methods that are not feasible in the clinical setting. We describe a method to study the donor heart using cardiac perfusion MRI that is potentially feasible for clinical use. Standard cardiectomy was performed in the pig model and the hearts were stored in normal saline at 5 °C. Imaging was performed by using a rapid gradient-echo sequence (FLASH) with saturation-recovery preparation for T1-weighting in the short axis and horizontal long axis views. Approximately 80 serial images were acquired at a rate of 1/s during administration of 0.006 mmol/ml Gd–DTPA (500 ml, 1 l/min). Signal intensity vs. time curves were generated for each heart and slice imaged and compared to a 0.006 mmol/ml Gd–DTPA reference. H&E stained biopsies of the LV, RV, and septum were also obtained.
COMPARATIVE SENSITIVENESS OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND NORMAL SUBJECTS TO GLYCERIN EXTRACT OF ADRENAL CORTEX

Four decades ago the effectiveness of a glycerin extract of adrenal gland was described in the publications of Oliver and Schafer (1). During the interim a similar extract of adrenal cortical material has been manufactured by a commercial firm as a stock preparation and two years ago it was brought to our attention as a potentially valuable medicament in the treatment of schizophrenia.& In previous publications (2) (3) we have discussed some effects arising from the oral administration of this substance as determined in schizophrenic subjects. Whether similar results would be obtained in normal individuals was explicitly left as an open question. This communication deals with a study devoted to an attack on that particular problem. As the outstanding property of the cortical material is its stimulating effect upon the blood pressure, it was decided at this juncture to investigate that feature alone. As the optimal daily dosage in the patients seemed to be 45 pills, representing 450 grains of adrenal corti...
Identifying viral integration sites using SeqMap 2.0

Summary: Retroviral integration has been implicated in several biomedical applications, including identification of cancer-associated genes and malignant transformation in gene therapy clinical trials. We introduce an efficient and scalable method for fast identification of viral vector integration sites from long read high-throughput sequencing. Individual sequence reads are masked to remove non-genomic sequence, aligned to the host genome and assembled into contiguous fragments used to pinpoint the position of integration. Availability and Implementation: The method is implemented in a publicly accessible web server platform, SeqMap 2.0, containing analysis tools and both private and shared lab workspaces that facilitate collaboration among researchers. Available at http://seqmap.compbio.iupui.edu/. Contact: troyhawk@iupui.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quality of Registration for Clinical Trials Published in Emergency Medicine Journals

Study objective In 2005, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors established clinical trial registration as a requirement for articles submitted to member journals, with the goal of improving the transparency of clinical research. The objective of this study is to characterize the registration of clinical trials published in emergency medicine journals. Methods Randomized trials involving human subjects and published between June 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011 in the 5 emergency medicine journals with the highest impact factors were included. We assessed the clarity of registered primary outcomes, timing of registration relative to patient enrollment, and consistency between registered and published outcomes. Results Of the 123 trials included, registry entries were identified for 57 (46%). Of the 57 registered studies, 45 (79%) were registered after the initiation of subject enrollment, 9 (16%) had registered outcomes that were unclear, and 26 (46%) had discrepancies between registered and published outcomes. Only 5 studies were registered before patient enrollment with a clear primary outcome that was consistent with the published primary outcome. Annals of Emergency Medicine was the only journal in which the majority of trials were registered. Conclusion Current compliance with clinical trial registration guidelines is poor among trials published in emergency medicine journals.
Onset and saturation of the kink instability in a current-carrying line-tied plasma.

An internal kink instability is observed to grow and saturate in a line-tied screw pinch plasma. Detailed measurements show that an ideal, line-tied kink mode begins growing when the safety factor q=(4{pi}{sup 2}r{sup 2}B{sub z}/{mu}{sub 0}I{sub p}(r)L) drops below 1 inside the plasma; the saturated state corresponds to a rotating helical equilibrium. In addition to the ideal mode, reconnection events are observed to periodically flatten the current profile and change the magnetic topology.
Experimenter Outcome Bias in Verbal Conditioning: A Failure to Detect the Rosenthal Effect:

The effects of 3 conditions of E outcome expectancy, (a) positive, (b) neutral, and (c) negative, were tested within the context of a standard Taffel-type verbal conditioning task. 2 Es were led to...
Stimulation of conjugal recombinant production in recB ? cells by the subsequent introduction of recB + genes

The introduction of an F′ factor carrying a recB+ gene into F−recB− cells which have just concluded a mating with Hfr cells results in an increased production of recombinant colony forming units involving the Hfr genes. The stimulatory effect approaches the theoretical maximum and does not occur in recB+ recipients. The ability of the F− cells to be stimulated is rapidly lost, although the transcribable recombination product previously reported by Birge and Low (1974) is still producing functional messenger RNA. It is proposed that this is due to the segregation of the recombination products into nonviable cells.
Public speaking pedagogy in the media age

Examining the constraints of writing‐based cognition and scholarship leads to sketching a heuristic model of speech pedagogy for students whose thought and expression are increasingly shaped by electronic media. Though acknowledging the importance of interactive relationships among speakers and audiences, contemporary public speaking courses remain likely to stress the resolution of objective prestructured viewpoints in a manner that implies speech at its best should be well‐performed writing. The rigid analytical world of print meanwhile dissolves to reveal a complex of involved intersubjectivity where old ideas drawn from oral cultures have new relevance.
Inverse design of a nano-scale surface texture for light trapping

We introduce computational inverse design to optimize nano-scale surface textures for light trapping. The approach yields a structure with a 40.8 absorption enhancement factor, the highest reported for a high-index material in the full-wave domain.
Venus: Measurements of brightness temperatures in the 7–15 cm wavelength range and theoretical radio and radar spectra for a two-layer subsurface model

Abstract The subsurface contribution to the brightness temperature of Venus becomes increasingly dominant over the atmospheric contribution as the wavelength of observation increases beyond about 6 cm. We have improved the accuracy of the radio spectrum near this transitional wavelength by measuring the brightness temperature of Venus at four separate wavelengths between 7 and 15 cm. Our new observations reveal that the spectrum is rather flat at temperatures of 670–700°K in the range from 7 to 15 cm. Previous theoretical radio spectra, computed for a one-layer subsurface, have not produced brightness temperatures as high as some previously measured temperatures at centimeter wavelengths, nor as high as our new temperatures. We can obtain a better agreement at these wavelengths by using a two-layer subsurface model, consisting of a dielectric core overlain by an epilith of lower dielectric constant. However, this two-layer model produces a somewhat worse fit to the radar spectrum at centimeter wavelengths. Our best overall fit to the observed brightness temperatures and radar reflectivities, for wavelengths longer than 2 cm, is given by a 1-m thick epilith of dielectric constant 1.5, overlying a core of dielectric constant 8.3. Most likely some undetermined source of decimeter- wavelength opacity exists in the atmosphere of Venus.
Computing and Dominating the Ryll-Nardzewski Function

For a countably categorical theory T, we study the complexity of computing and the complexity of dominating the function specifying the number of n-types consistent with T.
Well‐Water Quality Changes Correlated with Well Pumping Time and Aquifer Parameters—Fresno, Californiaa

Ground-water chemical quality in alluvial valleys can be stratified, which can cause well-water quality to vary with pumping time, especially after a pump shutdown of several hours. These changes in chemical quality could have public health implications for automatically controlled high-capacity municipal water wells that pump directly into the distribution mains. For a large number of municipal wells, the shapes of the curves for the change-in-specific electrical conductivity and the NO3-N content of well water during the first 96 minutes of constant rate pumping are reported after a 24-hour shutdown as compared with “steady-state” quality. The variables recovery-transmissivity, well specific capacity, type of well construction, and equivalent specific yield of aquifer computed from driller's logs of the bore holes were considered in the analysis. The results showed that well-water quality vs. time curves vary in shape and are related mainly to the well depth and the depth to the perforations. The “steady-state” specific electrical conductivity and NO3-N values were significantly correlated to each other and inversely to recovery-transmissivity and equivalent specific yield. The specific capacity of wells was related to the recovery-transmissivity and to type of well construction.
Diffusing Capacity Decreases After Heart Transplantation

We evaluated the following spirometric values: forced vital capacity (FVC), first second expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, the lung volumes, total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and single breath diffusing capacity for CO in 22 patients, before and after heart transplant. We found abnormal pulmonary function in 21 patients before heart transplantation. Despite postoperative increases in lung volumes in 10 patients, abnormal pulmonary function persisted in 20 patients after heart transplant. Mean values for lung volumes and flow rates did not change but diffusion for CO decreased significantly after heart transplantation. Diffusion failed to correlate with ejection fraction, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and pulmonary vascular resistance; however, in a subset of patients with improved postoperative lung volumes, preoperative diffusion for CO correlated with preoperative PCWP. We conclude that pulmonary function abnormalities are common among heart transplant recipients. Diffusion abnormalities are not linearly related to indices of cardiac function measured before transplantation and diffusion abnormalities appear to be multifactorial in cause. The posttransplant decrease in diffusion appears to result from the combined effects of decreased postoperative lung volumes in some patients and relief of heart failure induced pulmonary vascular engorgement in others. Improvement in lung volumes and flow rates may occur but cannot be expected after heart transplantation, and diffusion decreases after heart transplantation. The fact that pulmonary function and lung volumes do not improve following heart transplantation implies to underlying lung disease or permanent lung alterations result from chronic heart failure.
Temperature Effects on the Optical Path Length of Infrared Liquid Transmission Cells

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is widely used for studies of temperature-dependent properties of liquids and solutions, such as thermal denaturation of proteins and other molecules of biological interest. The variation of the spectroscopic signals with temperature can be affected by the changes in the optical path length due to the thermal expansion of the components of the sample cell. In this report we investigate the temperature dependence of the optical path length for a liquid IR sample cell of a design typical for aqueous solution experiments. The path lengths were measured from the interference fringes, both in dry cells and with cells partially filled with water. We found that the optical path length variations are significant, on the order of several percent within the temperature range used (0–87 °C). Several commercially available spacers (Teflon, mylar, and lead) and gaskets (Teflon, lead, silicone rubber, Viton, and neoprene) were tested to find materials with either the smallest or most reproducible effect. Teflon, due to its phase transition (known as the “knee point”) near room temperature, leads to abrupt changes in path length when used as either spacer or gasket component. On the other hand, Teflon is preferred for its inertness, while several of the other tested materials, most notably lead, are not practically usable due to adhesion to the cell windows upon heating and contact with the aqueous sample. The combination that yielded the most reproducible results, with minimal complications due to adhesion, was Teflon spacer with neoprene gaskets. The implications of the optical path length changes for the temperature-dependent IR experiments and their possible corrections are discussed.
A new chemical approach to improving discharge capacity of Li/(CFx)n cells

Abstract Although (CFx)n has the highest theoretical specific energy of all lithium primary batteries known, the practical specific energy (including packaging) is very small on the order of ∼10% for small capacity cells ( 100 Ah). Even these can be achieved only at a very low discharge rate
Effects of haloperidol on the activity and membrane physiology of substantia nigra dopamine neurons recorded in vitro

A variety of experimental evidence suggests that one function of dendritically released dopamine is the feedback modulation of dopamine neuron firing rate via stimulation of the somatodendritic autoreceptors located on these cells. Under these conditions, blockade of these receptors should result in an alteration in the firing rate of dopamine neurons. In order to test this prediction, we have examined whether haloperidol alters the electrophysiological activity of dopamine neurons recorded from nigral slices maintained in vitro. This preparation permits examination of the effects of haloperidol when the substantia nigra is isolated from long-loop afferent cell populations, and also facilitates the performance of intracellular recordings to allow the assessment of alterations in membrane properties that underlie any changes in firing rate. Addition of haloperidol to the media bathing nigral slices caused increases in the spontaneous firing rate of some dopamine neurons. It also caused depolarization of the membrane and increases in input resistance in a subset of dopamine neurons. However, this drug had no consistent effects on the delayed repolarization or the anomalous rectification that are characteristic of activity in these cells. Morphological assessment of dopamine neurons stained in the coronal sections used in these studies confirmed that the dendrites of dopamine neurons were largely intact in these slices. These results demonstrate that blockade of the somatodendritic autoreceptors located on dopamine neurons does cause alterations in the electrophysiological activity of these cells, substantiating the role of nigral dopamine release in the modulation of dopamine neuron activity.
Toward slip and fall prevention: Exploring the guidance and challenges of anti-slip footwear

Slips and falls have been recognized as a critical reason of leading injures. The occupational injuries caused by the slip and falls endanger the health and safety of employee, as well as leads to the cost and time loss of the companies. Suitable slip resistance footwear could help the worker preventing the slips and falls. The knowledge and guidelines to shed some lights on how to judge the slip resistance and choose the footwear suit to applications and purposes were summarized. Also, the challenges and open problems of anti-slip footwear development were presented and discussed. Further multifaceted synergistic researches are expected to dig out the various aspects of slip resistance, from material to design, from floor surface to human factors, to guide developing effective slip resistance footwear.
The whole truth

. Life History Invariants: Some Explorations of Symmetry in Evolutionary Ecology . By Eric L. Charnov. Oxford University Press: 1993. Pp. 167. £25, $32.50 (hbk); £13.50, $16.95 (pbk)
Band-structure approach to synthesis of grating couplers with ultra-high coupling efficiency and directivity

We propose a complex-wavevector band-structure approach to synthesis of fiber-to-chip grating couplers, and show apodized bi-level designs with 95% coupling efficiency and 99% directivity using only two device layers of a monolithic SOI CMOS process.
Prosodic generation research

Recently, research on sentence prosody has been carried out using the computerized audio synthesis and analysis facilities at IMSSS. The aim of this research has been to synthesize sentences with an acceptable-sounding prosodic contour using only the phonetic information contained in the individually recorded words contained in those sentences together with certain syntactic/semantic facts that can be derived from the structure of the sentence or read out of a lexicon. We demonstrate the importance of surface syntax to prosodic assignment and suggest that a prosodic synthesis system can be constructed which will be based largely on the surface syntax.
Extracellular (volume conductor) effect on adjoining cardiac muscle electrophysiology.

The paper describes the effect of the extracellular volume conductor on the electrophysiological behaviour of an adjoining multifibred cardiac muscle preparation, where the fibres are parallel to the interface and to each other. It is shown how, at any given depth from the interface, an approximating linear-core conductor model can be formulated, where the interstitial resistance per unit length depends on the depth. At the surface the interstitial resistance is zero whereas at the greatest depth it approaches the value that results when the preparation is in oil. Because of this varying total axial resistance with depth, and because of the effect of the total axial resistance on velocity, action potential foot, and maximum rising-phase slope, the wavefront and waveform will also vary with depth. Furthermore these qualities will be anisotropic, since the tissue conductivities are anisotropic. Numerical examples are presented to show that the hypotheses are consistent with experimental results.
A graphical database interface

Abstract A graphical database interface suitable for casual, naive users is described. It provides the user with a logical model of the database; this model typically being an abstraction of the actual database structure, and with an easy means of specifying a query through the use of a pointing device. The interface is a front-end processor and is logically separate from the database management system, it is thus possible to use it with any system.
Rapid self-start of polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks from subfreezing temperatures

Abstract Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems for light-duty vehicles must be able to start unassisted and rapidly from temperatures below −20 °C. Managing buildup of ice within the porous cathode catalyst and electrode structure is the key to self-starting a PEFC stack from subfreezing temperatures. The stack temperature must be raised above the melting point of ice before the ice completely covers the cathode catalyst and shuts down the electrochemical reaction. For rapid and robust self-start it is desirable to operate the stack near the short-circuit conditions. This mode of operation maximizes hydrogen utilization, favors production of waste heat that is absorbed by the stack, and delays complete loss of effective electrochemical surface area by causing a large fraction of the ice to form in the gas diffusion layer rather than in the cathode catalyst layer. Preheating the feed gases, using the power generated to electrically heat the stack, and operating pressures have only small effect on the ability to self-start or the startup time. In subfreezing weather, the stack shut-down protocol should include flowing ambient air through the hot cathode passages to vaporize liquid water remaining in the cathode catalyst. Self-start is faster and more robust if the bipolar plates are made from metal rather than graphite.
The response to domestic violence in a model court: some initial findings and implications.

This study utilized a non-experimental design to obtain information on a full range of domestic violence incidents brought before the Quincy, Massachusetts District Court, a model court. One limitation of previous research on spouse assaults using more sophisticated designs is that the target population has been restricted to specific subgroups of cases thereby limiting subsequent discussions of policy/practice implications of the findings vis-a-vis all spouse assault cases. To address this research "shortfall", we obtained permission from the Quincy District Court to examine all the spouse assault cases brought before the court during a 7-month period (June, 1995, through February, 1996). The findings show that in a full enforcement environment, victims took out restraining orders only against the most violent, criminally abusive men. Most men who were arrested for domestic violence had prior criminal histories for a variety of offenses. Domestic violence offenders appeared to be of two types: those with extensive and diverse criminal histories and those with little or no such involvement. However, active criminal justice intervention against domestic violence offenders appears to be primarily directed toward offenders already active in the criminal justice system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Management of the stiff shoulder

Abstract Most cases of primary stiff shoulder or adhesive capsulitis can be successfully managed with supervised physicaltherapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and intra-articular corticosteroid injections. In some primary cases and in many of the secondary cases of adhesive capsulitis, motion loss may be refractory to nonoperative management, and surgery may be required. Although closed manipulation is usually the first option, this approach may be unsuccessful in some cases or actually contraindicated because of osteopenia or recent surgical repair. In these refractory cases an arthroscopic capsular release after gentle closed manipulation may often be successful. In some cases with persistent motion loss from extra-articular contractures or scarring, motion can usually be improved with an open release with or without a z-plasty lengthening of the subscapularis and capsule.
White, Brown, and Beige; Type 2 Immunity Gets Hot

The biogenesis of beige fat is poorly understood. In recent issues of Nature and Cell, Brestoff et al. (2014) and Lee et al. (2015) demonstrate that resident innate lymphoid cells in subcutaneous fat generate and activate beige adipocytes, producing thermogenesis.
Asymptotic equivalence of spectral representations

This paper develops necessary and sufficient conditions under which for every sequence of matrices diagonal in an orthonormal basis {u} there exists an asymptotically equivalent sequence in the class of matrices diagonal in some other basis {\upsilon} . These conditions can be expressed in terms of a doubly stochastic N \times N matrix A whose entries A ij are the square magnitudes of the inner product between the ith basis vector of {\upsilon} and the jth basis vector of {\upsilon} . We show that a sufficient condition for asymptotic equivalence is \lim\min{N \rightarrow \infin}[1-\frac{1}{N}tr(A^{T}A)] = 0 and a necessary condition is \lim\min{N\rightarrow\infin}[tr(A^{T}A)]^{-1} = 0 . This paper also discusses the implications of these results to real-time signal processing whereby it is the prevailing practice to approximate the actual input correlation matrix by matrices which are diagonal in a computationally more manageable basis.
Positron lifetime studies of X‐irradiated N‐acetyl‐D,L‐alanine

Polycrystalline samples of N-acetyl-D,L-alanine (AA) which had received an X-ray dose of approximately 6 Mrad have been studied by the positron annihilation technique. Data were obtained as a function of time following the radiation treatment, and also as a function of subsequent annealing temperature. The large decrease of the intensity of the longest lifetime component (I3) was observed to be reversible when assisted by heat treatment. Polykristalline Proben von mit ungefahr 6 Mrad Rontgenstrahlen bestrahltem N-acetyl-D,L-alanin (AA) wurden mit der Positronenannihilation-Methode untersucht. Diese Methode ergab Daten als Funktion der Zeit nach der Bestrahlung und auch als Funktion der Temperatur nach spaterem Erwarmen. Dann konnte man beobachten, das die grose Intensitatsabnahme der am langsamsten abklingenden Komponente (I3) bei Erwarmung reversibel ist.
Intelligent scanning system based on foveate wavelet transform

It is of crucial interest for computer controlled camera systems to exhibit what is possessed by Human Vision System (HVS), which demonstrates high efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out routine perceptive tasks. To that end a wealth of different variable resolution methods have been developed to emulate the unique structure of the HVS in the research discipline of active vision. In our previous work we have developed the Foveate Wavelet Transform (FWT) as a new variable resolution representation with the benefits such as close emulation of the HVS, data reduction, and linearity preservance. Scan path is employed by the HVS to observe a scene which is larger than its field of view. An intelligent scanning scheme is developed in this paper in an effort to emulate the scan path of the HVS by taking advantage of the unique feature of the FWT. With this new scanning scheme, an ad hoc strategy is adopted to determine the next fixation point based on both a prescribed scanning order and the instant interest of the point due to its spatial and temporal properties. Preliminary experiments post encouraging performance of this proposed scanning scheme.
A selective 5-HT1a receptor agonist improves respiration in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.

Rett syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the gene that encodes the DNA binding protein methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (Mecp2). A prominent feature of the syndr...
Comparative Effectiveness of Medication versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Low-income Young Minority Women with Depression

Objective—To examine whether there are latent trajectory classes in response to treatment and whether these latent classes moderate the effects of medication versus psychotherapy. Method—Our data come from a one-year randomized controlled trial of 267 low-income, young (mean=29yrs), minority (44% Black, 50% Latina, 6% White) women with current major depression randomized to antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or referral to community mental health services. Growth mixture modeling was used to determine whether there are differential effects of medication versus CBT in this population. Depression was measured via the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results—We identified two latent trajectory classes. The first class was characterized by severe depression at baseline. At 6-months, mean depression scores for the medication and CBT groups in this class were 13.9 and 14.9, respectively (difference not significant). At 12-months, mean depression scores were 16.4 and 11.0, respectively (p-value for difference=.04). The second class was characterized by moderate depression and anxiety at baseline. At 6-months, mean depression scores for the medication and CBT groups in the second class were 4.4 and 6.8, respectively (pvalue for difference=.03). At 12-months, the mean depression scores were 7.1 and 7.8, respectively, and the difference was no longer significant. Conclusions—Among depressed women with moderate baseline depression and anxiety, medication was superior to CBT at 6-months, but the difference was not sustained at one year. Among depressed women with severe depression, there was no significant treatment group difference at 6-months, but CBT was superior to medication at one year.
Projections of Measures on Nilpotent Orbits and Asymptotic Multiplicities ofK-Types in Rings of Regular Functions II

LetGbe the adjoint group of a real semi-simple Lie algebragand letKbe a maximal compact subgroup ofG.KC, the complexification ofK, acts onp*C, the complexified cotangent space ofG/KateK. If O is a nilpotentKCorbit inp*C, we study the asymptotic behavior of the multiplicities ofK-types in the moduleR[O], the regular functions on the Zariski closure of O. Sekiguchi has shown that each such orbit O corresponds naturally to a nilpotentGorbitΩing*. We show that if the split rank ofgequals one, then the asymptotic behavior ofK-types is determined precisely byβΩ, the canonical Liouville measure onΩ. David Vogan has conjectured that this relationship is true in general. We show that whengis complex, this conjecture can be reduced to the case in which O is not induced from a nilpotent orbit of a proper Levi-subalgebra ofg. We also relate this conjecture to a recent result of Schmid and Vilonen that links thecharacteristic cycleof a Harish Chandra module to itsasymptotic support.
Definitions of high risk in pregnancy and evaluation of their predictive validity

The predictive validity of Hobel's criterion (score of 10 or more) for high prenatal and intrapartum risk and two alternative definitions was evaluated in two sociodemographically similar samples from two different institutions. At one institution, intrapartum risk was associated with neonatal morbidity independently of prenatal risk; at the second institution, both were related to neonatal morbidity, depending on the definition of high risk. Definition of high risk as a score of 15 or more improved the prognostic ability of Hobel's method at the first institution, but not at the second. Grouping prenatal and intrapartum risk as low (0 to 9), medium (10 to 19), and high (20 or more) provided a clearer understanding of the association between prenatal/intrapartum risk and neonatal morbidity, although differences between the two institutions persisted. Modifications and validation of risk assessment methods are necessary when used in populations other than the one for which they were originally developed.
SU‐E‐I‐28: Pitch and Noise in Abdominal Multi‐Detector CT

Purpose: To quantify the effect of pitch on noise in abdominal multi‐detector CT. Methods: The standard acrylic abdominal CTDI phantom was modified so that it could be supported on the gantry shroud and remain stationary during a helical multi‐detector CTimage acquisition. The table top height was positioned 1 cm below the phantom so that the table could move during helical image acquisition without touching the phantom. The phantom was scanned with the x‐ray tube voltage, x‐ray tube anode current, reconstructed slice thickness, multi‐detector selection and reconstruction kernel typically employed in a standard abdominal protocol for the different pitches available. On a given unit only the pitch was varied. The pixel standard deviation (noise) for four small (100 mm2) centrally located regions of interest were measured and averaged. Sixteen slice and 64 slice multi‐detector CTscanners were studied. On both scanners the standard filtered backprojection image reconstruction (FBP) algorithm was utilized. Results: On both the 16 slice and 64 slice scanners the noise varied to a reasonable approximation with the square root of the pitch for pitches ranging from ∼0.5 to ∼1.0. On the 16 slice scanner the noise increased only slightly when the pitch was changed from 1.375 to 1.75 Conclusions: In the cases of the CTscanners studied our results support the widely accepted fact that noise in an abdominal (noncardiac) mode multi‐detector helical CTimage varies with pitch (and to the first order with the square root of the pitch) for pitches up to one when the FBP algorithm is employed. Our results do not support this fact when the pitch is increased above 1.0 and in particular as the pitch is increased to 1.75.