cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Masculinity and Italian Cinema: Sexual Politics, Social Conflict and Male Crisis in the 1970s

How did Italian cinema of the 1970s re-envision masculinity in response to sexual liberation? What role did broader socio-political concerns of the time play in this re-definition? To what extent did this re-envisioning of masculinity intersect with concurrent debates about the function of cinema as a political medium and a mass cultural phenomenon? Masculinity and Italian Cinema takes the 1970s as an especially instructive period for rethinking the traditional trope of an inadequate male in crisis within Italian cinema. It explores how masculinity functioned in several films of the 1970s as a charged allegory for the many socio-political lacerations of the Italian nation and as a site of conflict and radical interrogation of ideas about gender and sexuality. Sergio Rigoletto re-examines a number of key films, including Bernardo Bertolucci's The Conformist, Federico Fellini's City of Women, Ettore Scola's A Special Day, Pier Paolo Pasolini's Teorema and Lina Wertmuller's The Seduction of Mimi, in the light of gender and queer theory and considers the challenges that these films pose to received ideas about gender and sexuality of the time, and to some of the aesthetic and narrative conventions which have traditionally regulated the representation of men in film.
Combining flat and structured approaches for temporal slot filling or: how much to compress?

In this paper, we present a hybrid approach to Temporal Slot Filling (TSF) task. Our method decomposes the task into two steps: temporal classification and temporal aggregation. As in many other NLP tasks, a key challenge lies in capturing relations between text elements separated by a long context. We have observed that features derived from a structured text representation can help compressing the context and reducing ambiguity. On the other hand, surface lexical features are more robust and work better in some cases. Experiments on the KBP2011 temporal training data set show that both surface and structured approaches outperform a baseline bag-of-word based classifier and the proposed hybrid method can further improve the performance significantly. Our system achieved the top performance in KBP2011 evaluation.
Acute kidney injury: Critical impact and nursing advocacy

T presentation will focus on acute kidney injury (AKI), and why our role as critical care nurses can impact outcome. AKI characteristics, its incidence and causes in sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion and nephrotoxin exposure will be reviewed. The impact of AKI on recovery and mortality as well as discussion of the use of new biomarkers which will replace BUN and Creatinine will be described. Critical care nursing assessment of the potential for AKI will include use of the most simple, accurate and useful biomarker we currently use today: urine output. Research on the usefulness of accurate urine output measurement on outcomes will also be reviewed and why we can make an impact on patient outcomes.
Functional and Environmental Factors Are Associated With Sustained Participation in Adaptive Sports

Abstract Background Although community-based adaptive sports have become a popular means of rehabilitation for individuals with disabilities, little is known regarding the factors that lead to sustained participation. Objective To determine the demographic, environmental, disability-related, and functional factors associated with sustained participation in a community-based adaptive sports program. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Community-based adaptive sports program. Participants Adults with mobility-related disabilities. Methods Data were collected from registration forms and participation logs. Participants were described as "sustainers" if they attended ≥2 sessions, or as "nonsustainers" if they attended 0 or 1 session. We examined the associations between sustained participation and demographic, environmental, disability-related, and functional factors in bivariate and multivariable analyses. Main Outcome Measurement Sustained participation in the adaptive sports program. Results Of the 134 participants, 78 (58%) were sustainers and 56 (42%) were nonsustainers. In multivariable analyses, participants who ambulated independently had lower odds of being sustainers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11, 0.96), and those who used an ambulatory assistive device had twice the odds of being sustainers (OR = 2.0, 95% CI=0.65, 6.2) compared to those who used a manual wheelchair. Moreover, participants who lived within 5.3 miles of the program site (OR = 3.8, 95% CI=1.1, 13.0) and those who lived between 5.3 and 24.4 miles from the program site (OR = 2.8, 95% CI=1.0, 7.7) had significantly higher odds of sustained participation than those who lived more than 24.4 miles from the program site. Conclusion Sustained participation in community-based adaptive sports is associated with living closer to the program site and the presence of a moderate level of functional impairment. These findings suggest that programs might consider increasing the number of satellite sites and expanding offerings for individuals with mild or more significant mobility-related disabilities to effectively increase program participation. Level of Evidence II
Learning live autonomous navigation: A model car with hardware arduino neurons

Previously we developed an implementation for an easily expandable hardware Artificial Neural Network (ANN) capable of learning using inexpensive, off-the-shelf Arduino Pro Mini microprocessors. This ANN system is unique, general use, unspecialized, and inexpensive. The implementation involves a one neuron per microchip representation, a ratio which allows for computational parallelism and ANN architecture flexibility inherent to biological neural networks. Learning happens completely on hardware via backpropagation without the need for communication with a computer. Tests showed successful, dynamic learning of the logical operations OR, AND, XOR, and XNOR. In this paper, we demonstrate the usage and strength of this implementation by applying the same framework to learn live obstacle avoidance and autonomous navigation for a 1∶24 scale model car equipped with ultrasonic distance sensors. This test of the application involved a user who supervised the learning and a method to easily transition between testing and training the ANN on the car via Bluetooth. Results show that the hardware ANN consistently learns to navigate the car through an obstacle course from entrance to exit and vice versa with no collisions.
Thermal Performance of a "Cool Roof" Attic Design

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Exploiting LTE white space using dynamic spectrum access algorithms based on survival analysis

In this study, we design and implement two algorithms for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) that are based on survival analysis. They use a non-parametric estimate of the cumulative hazard function to predict the remaining idle time available for secondary transmission subject to the constraint of a preset probability of successful completion. To show that the algorithms are effective in real-world scenarios even at fine time scales, we evaluate their performance using data collected from an LTE band to model primary user activity. The algorithms are run in different configurations, i.e., they are trained and run on a few combinations of data sets. Our results show that as long as the cumulative hazard functions are fairly similar across datasets, the algorithms can be trained on one day's dataset and run on that of another day's without any significant degradation of performance. The algorithms achieve fairly high white space utilization and have a measured probability of interference which always stays below the preset threshold.
An evaluation of quorum sensing mechanisms in collective value-sensitive site selection

Discrete collective decision making strategies enable robotic swarms to choose the best of a finite number of opinions. Future targeting and foraging problems will require swarms to make a site selection decision and unanimously respond to that decision. Collective value-sensitive decision models are a promising approach for swarm site selection, but current models do not ensure consensus. An existing quorum sensing strategy enables a swarm to alter collective behavior after a decision, but has not been evaluated under local communication restrictions. This paper combines these strategies to enable a swarm to detect when a majority of agents support a site and cease deliberation in order to rapidly build a consensus. Two quorum detecting rules are evaluated: a majority rule and a k-unanimity rule. Each rule relies on message queues that either persist throughout a decision problem, or are episodic and cleared each time an agent changes state. The proposed models are shown, in simulation, to sense collective decisions without decreasing the accuracy of the underlying decision strategy. Significantly, two models accurately detect decisions without increasing the original strategy's observed decision time.
The Iranian Männerbund Revisited

This article discusses some of the Iranian evidence in relation to the idea of Indo-European Mannerbund , which first was brought forth by Stig Wikander. There have been objections to Wikander’s work due to the fact that he wrote it during the rise of Fascism and the War. It is suggested that, indeed, there is more than the meager Old and Middle Iranian evidence that points out to the existence of the male unions in the Iranian world. The article specifically chooses the idea of rage among the young men, which is found not only in Old and Middle Iranian texts, but also in Persian epic and folklore up to the recent times. This rage can be seen among the Javān-mardān and in folklore for such figures as Hosein the Kord, or Gord, who exhibits archetype Mannerbund traits.
Concussion Knowledge of Youth Sport Athletes, Coaches, and Parents: A Review

Mild traumatic brain injury, commonly known as a concussion, has gained widespread public attention. Approximately 1.1 to 1.9 million children ≤18 years old suffer sport/recreation-related concussions in the U.S. annually. The purpose of this review was to assess research articles examining concussion knowledge of youth sport athletes, coaches and parents. Twenty-one articles published from 2009-2016 were selected. The results of this review suggest that most athletes, coaches, and parents had good knowledge regarding the definition of a concussion, common signs/symptoms, and complications from repeated concussions, while most stakeholders had moderate knowledge about the causes, prevalence, and return-to-play guidelines. However, the majority of respondents did not correctly identify the emotional signs/symptoms associated with concussions, and did not know that youth concussions should be managed more conservatively than adult concussions. Notable knowledge gaps were found among youth athletes and parents compared to coaches. Suggestions to improve these youth sport stakeholders’ concussion knowledge are provided.
Comparison of Antibiotic Dosing Before and After Implementation of an Electronic Order Set

Background To maximize resources, the antimicrobial stewardship program at a pediatric tertiary care hospital made pediatric dosing specific guidance within the electronic health record available to all hospitals within the health system. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the appropriateness of antibiotic dosing before and after the implementation of an electronic intravenous (IV) antibiotic order set. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study evaluating orders from patients younger than 18 years who received cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, tobramycin, or gentamicin at 12 health-system hospitals. Antibiotic dosing regimens and order set use were evaluated in patients who received the specified antibiotics during the 6-month time frame prior to and following electronic order set availability at each hospital. Results In the before and after implementation periods, 360 and 387 total antibiotic orders were included, respectively. Most orders were gentamicin (55.8% in the before implementation period and 54.5% in the after implementation period) followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (22.5% in the before period and 22.2% in the after period). Overall, 663 orders were classified as appropriate (88.8%). Appropriateness was similar in the before or after implementation periods (87.8 vs. 89.7%, p = 0.415). There was a significant difference in appropriateness if a blank order versus the electronic IV antibiotic order set was used (82.8 vs. 90.5%; p = 0.024). Conclusion No difference in antibiotic appropriateness overall was found in the before and after implementation periods. However, when specifically compared with the appropriateness of dosing when blank order forms were used, dosing was more appropriate when electronic antibiotic order sets were used.
Additional insight into biarticular muscle function: The influence of hip flexor fatigue on rectus femoris activity at the knee.

Abstract We evaluated the compensatory adaptations in muscle regionalization and synergist activity after fatiguing a biarticular muscle at one joint with different muscle lengths. Eleven men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 3 years) performed 50 maximal concentric isokinetic contractions of the dominant hip flexors on two occasions. For one trial, the knee joint was fully extended. For the other, the knee joint was fixed at 70°. Maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors were performed immediately before and after the hip flexion fatigue protocol while bipolar surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis and at five points along the length of the rectus femoris. Regardless of knee joint angle during the hip flexion fatigue protocol, knee extension peak torque was unchanged following hip flexion fatigue. Electromyographic amplitude for the vastus lateralis (p = .047, η2 = .338) and rectus femoris (p
Continuum-Based Geometry/Analysis Approach for Flexible and Soft Robotic Systems

Abstract Control and stability of flexible and soft robotic systems (FSRS), which have complex geometry and experience desirable and undesirable deformations, are of major concern, particularly whe...
The role of race in court-ordered pretrial psychiatric evaluations

The current study examines whether racial differences exist for defendants referred by criminal courts for pretrial psychiatric evaluations across demographic, clinical, and criminal history variab...
Effect of age and gender on expression levels of markers of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint pathways in patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A retrospective study of 50 patients treated with radical cystectomy.

65Background: Older age and female gender have been associated with worse outcomes in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Reduced immune response has been im...
Positive Communication and Partner Appraisals Among Mothers and Their Long-Term Male Partners: Impact on Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction

Parents in the USA struggle to maintain their sexual and relational health over time. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of positive communication and partner appraisals on sexual an...
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnet resonance imaging evaluation of adductor spasmodic dysphonia during phonation

Abstract Background Reduced intracortical inhibition is a neurophysiologic finding in focal dystonia that suggests a broader problem of impaired cortical excitability within the brain. A robust understanding of the neurophysiology in dystonia is essential to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disorder and develop new treatments. The cortical silent period (cSP) is a reliable, non-invasive method to measure intracortical inhibition in the primary motor cortex associated with a muscle of interest. In adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD), cSP of the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) which directly corresponds to the affected musculature, the thyroarytenoid (TA), has not been examined. Objective This work evaluated the cSP of the LMC and the relationship between cSP and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation in people with AdSD (n = 12) compared to healthy controls (CTL, n = 14). Results Shortened LMC cSP were observed bilaterally in people with AdSD vs CTL (F(1, 99) = 19.5226, p CTL contrast as compared to CTL > AdSD contrast. Correlation analysis showed that people with AdSD have positive correlation of left LMC BOLD activation and the cSP. Further, the right LMC cSP lacks either positive or negative associations with BOLD activation. CTL individuals displayed both positive and negative correlations between cSP and BOLD activation in the left LMC. In CTL, the LMC cSP and BOLD activation showed exclusively negative correlations in both hemispheres. Conclusion In AdSD, the cortical activation during phonation may not be efficiently or effectively associated with inhibitory processes, leading to muscular dysfunction. These findings may give insight into the maladaptive cortical control during phonation in people with AdSD.
5 – Animal Rabies

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the basic principles of animal rabies related to host range, susceptibility, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, and transmission. It discusses the salient examples of these topics in selected domestic and wildlife species. The successful lyssavirus infection depends on three events: initial direct contact with the surface of a receptive host cell, protein translation in the intracytoplasmic environment culminating in viral assembly at the cell membrane, and egress from the cells of the old host to renew the process. The viral process of entrance, self-production, and exit of progeny, extrapolated from the biochemical, cellular, and tissue levels of organization to an entire organism, forms the basis of susceptibility, or the innate capability of an animal to become rabid and infectious to other hosts. Trends in species susceptibility are greatly influenced by host species attributes and, by individual host factors, such as the immunologic status and age. Generalities about species susceptibility can be inferred from selected sets of experimental data and within the limitations of epidemiologic observations.
Clinical Outcomes of Combined Prostate- and Metastasis-Directed Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of De Novo Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer

Abstract Purpose The Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) trial reported overall survival benefits for prostate-directed radiation therapy (PDRT) in low-burden metastatic prostate cancer. Oligometastasis-directed radiation therapy (ORT) improves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)–free and progression-free survivals. Comprehensive PDRT + ORT to all detectable metastases may offer benefit for de novo oligometastatic prostate cancer (DNOPC) and is under prospective study; given few available benchmarks, we reviewed our institutional experience. Methods and Materials Forty-seven patients with DNOPC with predominantly M1b disease received neoadjuvant, concurrent, and adjuvant ADT plus PDRT + ORT to 1 to 6 oligometastases. Gross pelvic (N1) nodes were not considered oligometastases unless focally targeted without broader nodal coverage. Outcomes were analyzed from radiation therapy (RT) start using Kaplan-Meier, competing risks, and Cox regression. Median follow-up was 27 (95% confidence interval, 16-42) months. Results At 1- and 2-years post-RT, cumulative incidence of distant metastatic progression (DMP) was 21% and 32%, whereas overall survival was 90% and 87%, respectively. Neuroendocrine/intraductal histology, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 150 ng/dL) and, of these, 5 had subsequent PSA rise and restarted ADT 2 to 21 months postrecovery. The remaining 11 were maintained off ADT without BCR. Median noncastrate duration was 8 months; 7 patients had normalized testosterone for >1 year. Conclusions A comprehensive, radiotherapeutic-based treatment strategy has favorable clinical outcomes and can produce prolonged noncastrate remissions in a subset with DNOPC.
Evaluation of Positive B- and T-Cell Gene Rearrangement Studies in Patients With Negative Morphology, Flow Cytometry, and Immunohistochemistry.

Context.— The significance of positive immunoglobulin (IG) or T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies in the context of otherwise normal ancillary findings is unknown. Objective.— To examine long-term hematologic outcomes of individuals with positive gene rearrangement studies with otherwise unremarkable blood or bone marrow studies in parallel. Design.— Data from patients who underwent IG or TCR gene rearrangement testing at the authors' affiliated Veterans Affairs Hospital January 1, 2013 to July 6, 2018 were extracted from medical records. Date of testing, specimen source, and morphologic, flow cytometric, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic characterization of the tissue source were recorded. Gene rearrangement results were categorized as test positive/phenotype positive (T+/P+), test positive/phenotype negative (T+/P-), test negative/phenotype negative (T-/P-), or test negative/phenotype positive (T-/P+) based on comparison to other studies and/or final diagnosis. Patient records were reviewed for subsequent diagnosis of hematologic malignancy for patients with positive gene rearrangements but no other evidence for a disease process. Results.— A total of 136 patients with 203 gene rearrangement studies were analyzed. For TCR studies, there were 2 T+/P- and 1 T-/P+ results in 47 peripheral blood assays, as well as 7 T+/P- and 1 T-/P+ results in 54 bone marrow assays. Regarding IG studies, 3 T+/P- and 12 T-/P+ results in 99 bone marrow studies were identified. None of the 12 patients with T+/P- TCR or IG gene rearrangement studies later developed a lymphoproliferative disorder. Conclusions.— Positive IG/TCR gene rearrangement studies in the context of otherwise negative bone marrow or peripheral blood findings are not predictive of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Healthy lifestyle challenges among older female cancer survivors.

156Background: Healthy lifestyles including consuming a healthy diet, being physically active, and maintaining a normal weight can improve prognosis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among...
Resting electrocardiographic differences in ventricular repolarization between children and young adults with congenital heart disease and those with a structurally normal heart are diminished by exercise.

Objective Exercise-induced repolarization changes have not been systematically evaluated in children and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). We carried out this study to assess the QTc responses during exercise in children and young adults (≤ 21 years) with CHD with comparison to those with structurally normal hearts. Methods Baseline QRS duration, calculated baseline QTc, QTc at 4 min of recovery and delta QTc was measured in 360 exercise stress tests which were performed in 360 subjects (137 stress tests in patients with CHD [CHD group] and 223 stress tests in patients with structurally normal hearts). The effects of presence of CHD and potential confounders on primary outcome measure, change in QTc (delta QTc), and secondary outcome measures (QTc at baseline and QTc at 4 min of recovery) were determined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results The baseline QTc and the QTc at 4 min of recovery in the CHD group was longer than patients with structurally normal hearts (respective p values = .00 and .001). No significant difference was noted in delta QTc between the CHD and structurally normal heart groups. Conclusions While patients with CHD had a longer QRS duration and QTc interval at baseline than those with structurally normal hearts, these differences did not persist or augment with exercise.
Effects of different vegetation drag parameterizations on the tidal propagation in coastal marshlands

Abstract Vegetation drag is a fundamental quantity directly affecting results for both long- and short-term coastal marsh and geomorphological studies. The vegetation drag in coastal marshland has been modeled by various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical parameterizations. 2D parameterizations treat coastal marshes as bottom roughness elements, while 3D parameterizations resolve the vertically-variable vegetation drag through the water column. However, differences in tidal propagation arising from different drag parameterizations within a single model are largely unknown, and clear guidance on parameterization selection is still missing. In this study, we implemented four vegetation drag parameterizations into the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Ocean (MPAS-O), which include 1) a 2D parameterization using land-cover type-determined Manning’s n (2DLM); 2) a 2D parameterization using vegetation-determined Manning’s n (2DVM); 3) a 3D parameterization for stiff vegetation (3DSV); and 4) a 3D parameterization for flexible vegetation (3DFV). Estimates of the flow resistance effects from these parameterizations were compared using a series of idealized tidal propagation simulations. Given the same tidal condition, flooding depth and flooding distance are the largest in the 2DLM simulations and the smallest in the 3DSV simulations. 2DVM results are the closest to the 2DLM results. 3DFV results are the closest to the average of 2DVM, 3DSV, and 3DFV results. 2DVM and 3DSV results are the least and most sensitive to the vegetation aboveground biomass, respectively. Based on the input data requirement and computational efficiency of each parameterization, a comparison summary is provided to help inform parameterization selection for specific applications. The effects of these parameterizations on coastal geomorphology are further discussed, and the results demonstrate that estimates of the long-term evolution of coastal marshes and coastal morphology depend upon the selection of the vegetation drag parameterization.
Tests of the Additive and Multiplicative Hypotheses of Multiple Exposure

In this chapter, I consider the possible synergistic relationship between tobacco smoking and asbestos exposure. Asbestos refers to a group of naturally occurring flexible fibers that may be separated and woven. There are two major types of asbestos. The first type is amphibole fibers and appears commercially as amosite and crocidolite. The second type is chrysotile. Studies have demonstrated that amphibole fibers are much more dangerous to humans than chrysotile fibers. The fibers are resistant to heat and fire and do not conduct electricity. Asbestos fibers break easily if separated from their bonded finished products and can turn into dust particles that float in the air or stick to clothing.
Heterogeneity of cytochrome P450IIIA expression in rat gut epithelia

Abstract The P450IIIA (CYP3A) cytochromes are a major family of enzymes that play an important role in the metabolism of many medications, including cyclosporine A, as well as some dietary xenobiotics, including aflatoxin B1. The purpose of the studies was to detect, localize, and characterize P450IIIA enzymes present throughout the digestive tract. To this end, P450IIIA-specific antibodies were used to examine gut epithelial microsomes and histological tissue sections obtained from the digestive tract of both male and female rats. P450IIIA-related proteins were detected in epithelia throughout the gut, however, the specific proteins expressed appeared to differ among digestive organs and between male and female rats. RNA obtained from the gut epithelia was also analyzed using P450IIIA-specific synthetic oligonucleotides as probes on Northern blots and as primers for the polymerase chain reaction. P450IIIA1, which is a dexamethasone inducible enzyme in liver, was also found to be induced by dexamethasone treatment in epithelia from stomach and jejunum, but not from colon or esophagus. It was concluded that P450IIIA enzymes are present in mature epithelia throughout the gastrointestinal tract. However, expression of the P450IIIA enzymes is influenced by anatomic location and gender.
Nonproportionality of Scintillator Detectors. V. Comparing the Gamma and Electron Response

This paper is the fifth in a series of articles on the basic physics of light yield nonproportionality in scintillators. Here, we compare and contrast the nonproportionality as registered by gamma rays and high-energy electrons. As has been noted in the past, these two types of data have different curve shapes (for plots of the light yield against electron or gamma energy). Herein, we show how the experimental gamma nonproportionality curve can be calculated from the electron response by accounting for the distribution of high energy electrons created by the gamma photon via the photoelectric interaction. Similarly, we measure and model the gamma-induced resolution as a function of energy and compare this data to predictions from our model. The utility of the model is explored using data acquired with the scintillators ${\rm SrI}_{2}$ (Eu), GYGAG(Ce) and CsI(Na).
Present and Future Needs of Free-Space Optical Interconnects

Over the last decade significant progress in optoelectronic devices and their integration techniques have made Free-Space Optical Interconnects (FSOI) one of the few physical approaches that can potentially address the increasingly complex communication requirements at the board-to-board and chip-to-chip levels. In this paper, we review the recent advances made and discuss future research directions needed to bring FSOI to the realm of practice.
Consistency conditions for an AdS multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz correspondence

The multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) is a tensor network that provides an efficient way of variationally estimating the ground state of a critical quantum system. The network geometry resembles a discretization of spatial slices of an anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and “geodesics” in the MERA reproduce the Ryu-Takayanagi formula for the entanglement entropy of a boundary region in terms of bulk properties. It has therefore been suggested that there could be an AdS/MERA correspondence, relating states in the Hilbert space of the boundary quantum system to ones defined on the bulk lattice. Here we investigate this proposal and derive necessary conditions for it to apply, using geometric features and entropy inequalities that we expect to hold in the bulk. We show that, perhaps unsurprisingly, the MERA lattice can only describe physics on length scales larger than the AdS radius. Further, using the covariant entropy bound in the bulk, we show that there are no conventional MERA parameters that completely reproduce bulk physics even on super-AdS scales. We suggest modifications or generalizations of this kind of tensor network that may be able to provide a more robust correspondence.
A tri-axis electromagnetic field meter (HV transmission line effects)

The authors describe a novel instrument which measures AC electromagnetic fields by using three detection coils and analog computation circuits. The instrument has a basic accuracy of 0.5% for frequencies up to 3 kHz. Three measurement methods have been incorporated in the meter: root mean square, average and 60 Hz average. The results of a measurement program at an elementary school located at the edge of a high-voltage transmission line right of way are discussed. >
Modeling and measurement of the influence of antenna transversal location on tunnel propagation

The ray tracing and modal methods are applied to model the influence of antenna location (within the tunnel cross section) on tunnel propagation. Measurement results in a railroad tunnel are provided to validate the models. Simulation results are shown to agree with measurement results well. Both simulation and measurement results suggest that more receive power can be obtained by placing the transmitter or receiver antenna close to the center location of the tunnel cross section.
Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM : Seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia

Seaweed farming is a popular alternative livelihood approach that has been included in Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) projects in many tropical developing countries. Using a comparison of various sites in the southern Philippines and northern Indonesia, this paper examines the assumption that as fishers engage in more lucrative livelihoods, such as seaweed farming, pressure will be reduced on the fisheries. It concludes that in some cases seaweed farming has reduced certain types of fishing activities, but it should not be assumed that seaweed farming alone will result in reduced fishing effort. Appropriately combined with other resource management tools, seaweed farming can contribute to an integrated seascape management approach by providing one component of a diversified household livelihood strategy.
Bacterioplankton community variation across river to ocean environmental gradients.

Coastal zones encompass a complex spectrum of environmental gradients that each impact the composition of bacterioplankton communities. Few studies have attempted to address these gradients comprehensively. We generated a synoptic, 16S rRNA gene-based bacterioplankton community profile of a coastal zone by applying the fingerprinting technique denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to water samples collected from the Columbia River, estuary, and plume, and along coastal transects covering 360 km of the Oregon and Washington coasts and extending to the deep ocean (>2,000 m). Communities were found to cluster into five distinct groups based on location in the system (ANOSIM, p 650 m). Across all environments, abiotic factors (salinity, temperature, depth) explained most of the community variability (ρ = 0.734). But within each coastal environment, biotic factors explained most of the variability. Thus, structuring physical factors in coastal zones, such as salinity and temperature, define the boundaries of many distinct microbial habitats, but within these habitats variability in microbial communities is explained by biological gradients in primary and secondary productivity.
Lymphoepithelial cyst in the pancreas: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Lymphoepithelial cysts of the pancreas constitute a rare clinicopathologic entity. Case Report: We report a case of lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancr
Compressive behavior and deformation-mode map of an open cell alumina

Compressive behavior of an open cell, porous ceramic has been examined and compared to a prior theoretical model. The study involved (i) microstructural characterization, (ii) crushing strength and Young's modulus measurements, and (iii) construction of a deformation-mode map. Initially, the crushing behavior was found to be different than predicted theoretically. Weaker struts throughout the material fractured during the loading and this damage was accumulated until a macroscopic crack or cracks propagated through the material at the crushing stress. Further work showed the discrepancy was related to the uniformity of loading in these porous materials. The use of compliant faces on the loading rams improved the loading uniformity, leading to a substantial reduction in the experimental scatter and increasing the likelihood of unstable crack propagation events rather than damage accumulation. Both crushing strength and Young's modulus were found to be dependent on cell size, but this was considered to be a result of strut cracking at the smallest cell size. A deformation-mode map was constructed using the average stress/strain values at critical points such as the onset of crushing, the minimum crushing stress, and the densification stress. Although some of the details of the deformation map were different from that expected theoretically, the map did appear to be a useful guide to the compressive behavior.
TiO 2 coated ZnO nanorod to enhance efficiency of hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cells

The performance of organic-inorganic hybrid device based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and vertically aligned ZnO nanorod depends upon the quality of the interface between organic and inorganic nanostructures. TiO 2 was used to improve the interface states between ZnO and P3HT. Vertically aligned ZnO nanorod was fabricated on top of the ITO glass by hydrothermal process. The nanorod has an average diameter of 80 nm and length of 600 nm as seen under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The transmittance window of this conductive nanorod layer fits perfectly with the absorption spectrum of organic polymer P3HT. Hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell was fabricated by using P3HT as an electron donor and the vertical array of ordered ZnO nanorods as an electron acceptor. The P3HT — ZnO solar cell has the conversion efficiency of up to 0.48%. Interestingly solar cells fabricated using TiO 2 coated ZnO nanorod significantly increased the cell efficiency by 58%.
Group B Streptococcal Lung Infection in Neonatal Rabbits

The interaction of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and group B streptococci (GBS) was investigated in 1 and 2-day-old rabbits following infection in an exposure chamber containing 10(7) streptococci per cubic foot of air. The % of streptococci within AMs was similar at 0 and 4 h (36 and 65%) after infection for the two groups of rabbits. Twenty-four h after infection, the 2-day-old rabbits had a significantly higher % of ingested GBS (86 versus 68%). Sixty % of inspired GBS were inactivated by the older rabbits within 4 h after infection. This clearance persisted in the younger rabbits until 48 h (mean negative clearance of -17, -276, and -79% at 4, 24, and 48 h) before their numbers were reduced by inflammation. Sixty of 78 1-day-old rabbits had inflammatory responses between 24 and 72 h versus only 5 of 50 older rabbits. At 24 h after infection, AMs of 1-day-old rabbits contained significantly increased numbers of intracellular GBS microcolonies (17/20) than did AMs from 2-day-old rabbits (5/19). These observations suggest that the enhanced susceptibility to GBS infection in the immediate postnatal period is caused at least in part by ineffective intracellular killing by AMs.
Heterointegration of Pt/Si/Ag Nanowire Photodiodes and Their Photocatalytic Properties.

Photocatalyst mediated photoelectrochemical processes can make use of the photogenerated electrons and holes onsite for photocatalytic redox reactions, and enable the harness and conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, in analogy to natural photosynthesis. However, the photocatalysts available to date are limited by either poor efficiency in the visible light range or insufficient photoelectrochemical stability. Here, it is shown that a Pt/Si/Ag nanowire heterostructure can be rationally synthesized to integrate a nanoscale metal-semiconductor Schottky diode encased in a protective insulating shell with two exposed metal catalysts. The synthesis of Pt/Si/Ag nanowire diodes involves a scalable process including the formation of silicon nanowire array through wet chemical etching, electrodeposition of platinum and photoreduction of silver. The Pt/Si/Ag diodes exhibit highly efficient photocatalytic activity for a wide range of applications including environmental remediation and solar fuel production in the visible range. In this article, photodegradation of indigo carmine and 4-nitrophenol are used to evaluate the photoactivity of Pt/Si/Ag diodes. The Pt/Si/Ag diodes also show high activity for photoconversion of formic acid into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Visual Velocity Discrimination: Effects of Spatial and Temporal Cues

Weber ratios were obtained for visual velocity discrimination under three topographic conditions with the same subjects and psychophysical procedures. The conditions differed regarding the presence of either temporal or spatial cues, these being correlated in magnitude with stimulus velocity. Systematic effects of the cues upon the level of velocity discrimination were noted.
Structural modification studies of 3‐piperonylsydnone I. synthesis of piperonyl‐substituted pyrazoles, isoxazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles

As a structural modification study of the antimalarial compound 3-piperonylsydnone, a number of pyrazoles, isoxazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, ψ-1,2,4-triazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and their intermediates all of which contain the piperonyl moiety have been synthesized. The antimalarial activity of these compounds was found to be less than that of the original sydnone. With the exception of 2,4-diamino-5-piperonylpyrimidine, among the compounds tested, those which showed survival time of eleven days or over all possess a N-N linkage.
Examining drug treatment program entry of injection drug users: human capital and institutional disaffiliation.

Abstract Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the likelihood of either entering residential treatment, methadone treatment or solely entering detoxification programs for 32,173 injection drug users (IDUs) using drug treatment in Massachusetts, 1996–1999. Those IDUs who were employed, more educated, health-insured, not homeless and who resided with their children were less likely to solely enter detoxification programs. This population, with more human capital and lower levels of institutional disaffiliation, was also more likely to enter methadone maintenance programs. These results were consistent for two groups of drug users: those who reported having injected in the past year and those with a history of injecting who had not injected in the past year. Overall, the findings demonstrate a need for more complex drug treatment program planning efforts that also respond to issues of employment, education and social isolation.
Expression of human factor VIII by splicing between dimerized AAV vectors

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a useful vector for hemophilia gene therapy, but the limited effective packaging capacity of AAV (5 kb) appears to be incompatible with factor VIII (gene symbol F8) cDNA (7 kb). Although we previously demonstrated efficient packaging and expression of B-domain-deleted human F8 (BDD-F8) using a single AAV vector, the packaging limit still excludes the use of large/strong regulatory elements. Here we exploited the split AAV vector technology that expands the packaging capacity of AAV through head-to-tail dimerization. To test the feasibility of AAV heterodimerization for F8 expression, we generated a 5' vector that includes a large enhancer/promoter cassette linked with exons 1-12 of the F8 cDNA and a half-intron-carrying splice donor site. A complementing 3' vector contains another half-intron-carrying splice acceptor site linked with the remaining F8 cDNA and a polyadenylation signal. Following coinfection of 293 and HepG2 cells, the 5' and 3' vectors together produced functional human factor VIII protein at a level of 120 mU/ml (24 ng/ml). No factor VIII protein was detected if only one of the vectors was used. Correct head-to-tail vector dimerization as well as spliced BDD-F8 mRNA was detected by DNA PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, intraportal injection of two rAAV/F8 vectors in immunodeficient mice produced 2% of the normal level of factor VIII for four months. Our results demonstrate the potential use of AAV dimerization for F8 expression.
Analysis and Prediction of Vibration-Induced Solder Joint Failure for a Ceramic Column Grid Array Package

Solder joint fatigue failure under vibration loading continues to be a concern in microelectronic industry. Existing literature has not adequately addressed high-cycle fatigue failure of high-lead solder joints, especially under a broad spectrum of vibration frequencies. Also, damage mapping across solder joints in an area-array package has not been effectively studied using numerical models and experimental cross sectioning. This paper aims to develop an experimental and modeling approach that can accurately determine the solder joint behavior of electronic components under vibration conditions. In particular, this paper discusses the out-of-plane sinusoidal vibration experiments at 1 G, numerical modeling, and fatigue life prediction for a 42.5×42.5×4 mm 3 1089 input/ output ceramic column grid array (CCGA) package on a 133×56×2.8 mm 3 FR4 board. Detailed investigation and characterization involving dye-and-pry analysis, microstructural examination, and numerical modeling enabled the development of a high-cycle stress-based equation for lead-containing CCGA under sinusoidal loading. The developed approach has been applied to a number of cases including a CCGA package with a heat sink as well as a CCGA package subjected to frequency sweeps. It is seen that the predictions from the developed model agree well with experimental data and that the developed model can map the evolution of solder damage across all solder joints and can also provide important design recommendations in terms of solder joint location as well as heat sink attachment.
Thermophilic Cellulolytic Microorganisms from Western Algerian Sources: Promising Isolates for Cellulosic Biomass Recycling☆

Abstract Cellulosic biomass is considered as one of the most promising sources for the production of alternative renewable bioenergy and other valuable products. The abundance of cellulosic waste such as agricultural, industrial and forest waste, and the need for their biodegradation and their bioconversion into fermentable sugars, has increased the demands for more effective cellulase producing microorganisms. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to isolate thermophilic cellulolytic microorganisms. 111 thermophilic microorganisms (91 bacteria and 20 yeasts) were isolated from 10 western Algerian sources (thermal and non-thermal) and tested for the production of cellulase. The results revealed the presence of 19 thermophilic cellulolytic isolates. Macroscopic and microscopic examination has indicated the presence of 16 thermophilic bacteria and 3 thermophilic yeasts. These isolates were tested for the degradation of cellulosic biomass (printable paper, filter paper and cotton) for 14 days of incubation at 60 °C. The obtained results showed a great potential of these thermophilic cellulolytic microorganisms to produce thermostable cellulolytic enzymes, and can be used in the recycling of cellulosic biomass for bioenergy production after optimization studies in the future.