cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An efficient method for calculating static polarizabilities from a correlated wave function

We present a method closely related to configuration interaction over single excitations (CI-S) for the calculation of static dipole moments and polarizabilities, which we call modified configuration interaction over single excitations (MCI-S). This method allows for orbital relaxation through the inclusion of single excitations on a correlated first-order Rayleigh–Schrodinger wave function. An approximation to our MCI-S results in an inexpensive method to calculate polarizabilities that yields good results when compared with the full configuration interaction (CI-F) results. This method, called modified configuration interaction over single excitations without triple excitations (MCI-S_WT), seems particularly suitable to applications for large systems. Examples are presented using the intermediate neglect of the differential overlap model Hamiltonian (INDO/1), which indicates that the MCI-S_WT procedure presents an error of less than 15% with respect to the CI-F values in a fraction of the computational effort. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Impossibility of Localizing Multiple Rumor Sources in a Line Graph

Here we examine the problem of rumor source identification in line graphs. We assume the SI model for rumor propagation with exponential waiting times. We consider the case where a rumor originates from two sources simultaneously, and evaluate the likelihood function for the given observations given those sources. As the size of the infected region grows arbitrarily large, we show that unlike the single source case, where the likelihood function concentrates near the midpoint of the infected region, the support of the likelihood function in this case remains widely distributed over the middle half of the infected region. This makes the rumor sources impossible to localize with high probability on any scale smaller than that of the infection size itself.
The malignant lymphomas of Kenya: Morphology, immunophenotype, and frequency of epstein-barr virus in 73 cases

Recent information is limited regarding pathological features of the malignant lymphomas of Africa, other than Burkitt's lymphoma. In this study, we apply modern techniques and nomenclature to classify 73 lymphomas from a central histopathology laboratory serving 40 mission hospitals in Kenya. We were particularly interested in the frequency of recently recognized lymphomas and the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in various lymphoma subtypes. Malignant lymphomas accounted for 12% of all surgical pathology specimens processed in the laboratory over the 21-month period included in the study. Patient age ranged from 4 to 97 years (median, 35 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. Sixty lymphomas (82%) were non-Hodgkin's, and 13 (18%) were Hodgkin's disease. Of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), 52 (87%) were B-lineage, including 21 (35% of NHLs) Burkitt's lymphomas (only one from the jaw), 11 (18%) diffuse large B cell lymphomas; nine (15%) small lymphocytic lymphomas, six (10%) Burkitt's-like lymphomas, two (3%) follicular lymphomas (two of two expressed bcl-2 protein; one of two showed bcl-2 major breakpoint region rearrangement), two (3%) mantle cell lymphomas, and one extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Of the eight T cell lymphomas, six were precursor T-cell type, and the remaining two were peripheral T cell lymphomas, unspecified. The median age of the 13 patients (18% of lymphomas) with Hodgkin's disease was 23 years (range, 9 to 97 years). Six were nodular sclerosis, four were mixed cellularity, one case each was lymphocyte depletion, lymphocyte predominance, and unclassified Hodgkin's disease. Hodgkin's cells in 6 of the 12 nonlymphocyte predominance cases were positive for CD20, and in three of the six for CD45 as well. Epstein-Barr virus was identified using in situ hybridization for EBER 1 in the malignant cells of 22 of 39 informative lymphomas, including each of 17 Burkitt's lymphomas, and three of seven diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Of note, none of five Burkitt's-like lymphomas expressed EBER 1. One of two informative cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma, and four of nine cases of Hodgkin's disease were EBER 1 positive. In summary, T cell lymphomas and recently recognized B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes do not appear to be particularly common in East Africa.
Anomalous scaling in systems partially controlled by diffusion

We study the nature of anomalous scaling in several systems partially controlled by diffusion. We quantify the departure from Fickian scaling by means of an apparent exponent governing the scaling of long-time behavior with system size. We find that anomalous scaling should be expected whenever complex geometries, higher dimensionality, or time-dependent boundary conditions are encountered.
Characterization of Al-Si ordering state in an alkali feldspar using atom location by channeling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI)

Atom location by channeling-enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) was used to determine the occupancy of Al atoms in the T1o site (t1o) of alkali feldspar. Building on the method demonstrated by previous research, analytical electron microscopy proves to be a viable technique for fully characterizing the Al-Si ordering state in the feldspar framework. We applied this method to orthoclase from Itrongay, Madagascar, and to its heated counterpart. Our preliminary results give 0.74 and 0.37 as 2t1 (=t1o + t1m) and t1o, respectively, for the original orthoclase, vs. 0.54 and 0.28 for heated orthoclase. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed, and the results agree with our ALCHEMI measurements. This new method promises to help resolve some complex issues relating ordering paths, for example, twinning in feldspars and domain intergrowth in plagioclase.
Clinical evaluation of a high-resolution microendoscope for early diagnosis of cancer

We have developed a high-resolution fluorescence microendoscope capable of imaging sub-cellular morphology in vivo, in real-time. We report our latest results in clinical studies for early cancer detection in the cervix, oral cavity, and esophagus.
Alcohol Use and Age-related Maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Purpose Because there are few epidemiologic data examining the relationship between alcohol use and age-related maculopathy, we investigated this relationship via the population-based Beaver Dam Eye Study. Methods Alcohol consumption in the year before examination was determined by a standardized questionnaire. Age-related maculopathy status was determined by grading stereoscopic color fundus photographs. Results While controlling for other factors, consumption of beer in the past year was related to greater odds of increased retinal pigment degeneration (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 1.25) and exudative macular degeneration (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.05, 1.88). Current consumption of neither wine nor liquor was related to early or late age-related maculopathy. Conclusions These data suggest a relationship between beer consumption and greater odds of having exudative macular degeneration. Whether this is from a toxic effect specific to beer or from other unknown confounders cannot be determined.
Separating Sense from Nonsense in the US Debate on the Financial Meltdown

The US debate on the causes of the financial meltdown and the policies appropriate for its resolution have a different center of gravity to that prevalent in Western Europe. Free-market solutions continue to be canvassed by conservative and libertarian politicians and political commentators with an intensity that is rarely found elsewhere, reflecting the extent to which a significant minority of American voters and policy makers remain wedded to a principled anti-statism. This article surveys those views, and the rebuttals to them now coming from more center-left elements of the US political class. It argues for the superiority of the latter, while noting that one serious adverse consequence of this positioning of the US debate is its capacity to distract attention from important underlying structural causes of the housing crisis and associated credit crunch.
Identifying Native American Learning Styles

(1986). Identifying Native American Learning Styles. Journal of College Reading and Learning: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 36-50.
Examination of the fundamental relation between ionic transport and segmental relaxation in polymer electrolytes

Abstract Replacing traditional liquid electrolytes by polymers will significantly improve electrical energy storage technologies. Despite significant advantages for applications in electrochemical devices, the use of solid polymer electrolytes is strongly limited by their poor ionic conductivity. The classical theory predicts that the ionic transport is dictated by the segmental motion of the polymer matrix. As a result, the low mobility of polymer segments is often regarded as the limiting factor for development of polymers with sufficiently high ionic conductivity. Here, we show that the ionic conductivity in many polymers can be strongly decoupled from their segmental dynamics, in terms of both temperature dependence and relative transport rate. Based on this principle, we developed several polymers with “superionic” conductivity. The observed fast ion transport suggests a fundamental difference between the ionic transport mechanisms in polymers and small molecules and provides a new paradigm for design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes.
Segment-Based Robust Fast Optical Reservation Protocol

In a partial wavelength-convertible optical network with a fraction of its nodes capable of wavelength conversion, each lightpath transverses path segments with independent wavelength-continuity constraints. Taking advantage of the segment-based constraint independency, the two-phase Robust Fast Optical Reservation Protocol (S-RFORP) assigns end-to-end wavelengths along a selected route during on-demand lightpath setup by employing parallel segment-based wavelength discovery/reservation to minimize the overall wavelength assignment delay. Also employs recovery processing to minimize the wavelength assignment blocking. S-RFORP avoids costly path-based recovery processing that incurs end-to-end route re-selection delay, and avoids costly parallel link-based signaling overheads. In terms of wavelength assignment delay and blocking, simulation results under different traffic loadings show that S-RFROP outperforms other serialized link-based processing protocols in sparse, medium or high wavelength-convertible networks; and it outperforms other parallel link-based processing protocols in medium and high wavelength-convertible networks.
AGU take your child to work day

[1] Sixteen children participated in the first annual AGU Take Your Child to Work Day, held on 21 April 2011 at AGU headquarters in Washington, D. C. AGU chief executive officer and executive director Chris McEntee kicked off the event by talking to the children—who are children, grandchildren, and nieces and nephews of AGU staff—about the importance of science. Then AGU member Lindsay Knippenberg, currently an Einstein Fellow in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Education, engaged the children in a discussion about earthquakes, plate tectonics, and the recent Japanese earthquake and tsunami. The children enthusiastically participated in her tsunami demonstration, which made use of Fruit Roll-Ups, graham crackers, and cake icing.
Enhanced heat-transfer techniques for high heat flux boiling

Phase-change processes, such as boiling and evaporation, generally represent very effective modes of heat transfer. However, the demands of modern thermal systems have required the development of methods to achieve still higher performance by use of enhanced heat transfer techniques. While heat fluxes above 108 W/m2 have been accommodated in carefully controlled situations, the fluid and convective conditions usually dictate maximum heat fluxes several orders of magnitude lower. Two major contemporary areas, enhanced surfaces for pool boiling and enhanced surfaces for forced convection vaporization, are discussed. They illustrate the opportunities and challenges of enhanced heat transfer technology.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Business Subsidies ad Municipal Controls

(1999). Business Subsidies Ad Municipal Controls. Journal of Urban Affairs: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 267-279.
Optimum specific gasification rate for static bed rice hull gasifiers

Abstract An experimental determination of the optimum specific gasification rate for static bed rice hull gas producers was conducted for reactor diameters of 16–30 cm. All experiments were performed with reactors under suction from a throttled centrifugal blower. Cold-gas efficiency was observed to increase as specific gasification rate increased from 100 to about 200 kg m −2 h −1 , and then begin to decline as gasification rate was increased further. The decline in efficiency at higher gasification rates was due to decreasing gas heating value which could not be compensated by increasing gas flow. An empirical relationship derived between specific gasification rate and cold gas efficiency was found to be independent of reactor area, although further work is needed at larger scale to assess the validity of the relationship beyond the experimental range evaluated.
Effects of Web-Based Support on Early Head Start Home Visitors' Use of Evidence-Based Intervention Decision Making and Growth in Children's Expressive Communication.

We investigated Early Head Start home visitors’ use of evidence-based practices and the efficacy of a web-based system to support these practices. Home visitors learned to use 3 evidence-based practices: (a) frequent assessment of children's early communication for screening and progress monitoring, (b) 2 home-based language-promoting interventions, and (c) data-based decision making in the use of the language-promoting intervention strategies. Two conditions were compared in a randomized control trial. Condition A involved the use of an online data collection system, training in data-based intervention decision making, and training in the evidenced-based language interventions. Condition B was the same as A plus additional web-based support (MOD: Making Online Decisions) linked to the children's expressive communication data. Results indicated that the expressive communication of children receiving MOD support grew significantly more than for children whose home visitors did not receive MOD support. Home...
Transanal endorectal pull-through versus transabdominal approach for Hirschsprung's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aim Transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT) has become popular for single-stage treatment of Hirschsprung's disease. The benefits of TERPT over the conventional transabdominal approach (TAB) are still unclear. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis comparing the clinical outcomes of TERPT and TAB. Methods Original articles published from 1998 to 2012 were searched from Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational clinical studies (OCS) comparing TERPT and TAB were included. Outcomes evaluated included operative time, hospital stay and incidence of postoperative incontinence/soiling, constipation and enterocolitis. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for dichotomous variables; pooled mean differences (MD) were measured for continuous variables. Results Of 93 studies, 1 RCT and 11 OCS were included, comprising 444 cases of TERPT and 348 cases of TAB (215 Soave, 94 Duhamel, 24 Swenson, 15 Rehbein procedures). TERPT had shorter operative time (MD=−57.85min; 95% confidence interval [CI], −83.11 to −32.60; P P =0.0004). TERPT had less postoperative incontinence/soiling (OR=0.58; 95% CI 0.37–0.90; P =0.01) and constipation (OR=0.49; 95% CI 0.30–0.81; P =0.005). There was no difference in incidence of postoperative enterocolitis. Conclusion TERPT is superior to TAB in operative time, hospital stay, postoperative incontinence and constipation. However, more randomized controlled trials are necessary to verify the benefit of TERPT for Hirschsprung's disease.
The caudal catheter in neonates: where are the restrictions?

Purpose of review In neonates, epidural catheters inserted at the sacral hiatus can easily be advanced to a lumbar or thoracic level. These 'caudal catheters' are popular because they allow the neonate to benefit from epidural analgesia without the concerns of spinal cord injury potentially associated with primary thoracic placement in an asleep neonate. This review looks at use and benefits, and risks and complications of caudal epidural catheters in neonates. Recent findings Restrictions of neonatal caudal catheters are related to risks associated with placement and advancement of the catheters, infectious risks of caudal catheters, and toxicity risks related to the higher free fraction and lower clearance of bupivacaine in neonates. Caudal catheters in neonates are popular, but evidence that they improve outcome is lacking. Summary Epidural anesthesia and analgesia for neonates should be performed and managed by pediatric anesthesiologists. Potential risks and complications must be appreciated and all steps to maximize safety of the technique must be taken. In particular, close postoperative observation and pain service management are indispensable. Future research should investigate the risks of caudal and segmentally placed catheters in neonates, study the role of epidural analgesia in outcome improvement for neonates, and guide us to safer use of local anesthetics suitable for neonates with their pharmacologic immaturity.
Gallium-nitride-based LEDs on silicon substrates

We describe the growth and characteristics of GaN based light emitting diodes grown on Si(111) substrates. We show that the UV electroluminescence of such diodes can be used to generate fluorescence in organic color converters so that multicolored hybrid nitride-organic light emitting diodes that emit in the visible can be prepared.
Grain size effects on the tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of a magnesium alloy, AZ31B, sheet

Abstract The grain size dependence of the tensile properties and the deformation mechanisms responsible for those properties are examined for Mg alloy, AZ31B, sheet. Specifically, the Hall–Petch effect and strain anisotropy ( r -value) are characterized experimentally, and interpreted using polycrystal plasticity modeling. {1 0 . 2} extension twins, {1 0 . 1} contraction twins, and so-called “double-twins” are observed via microscopy and diffraction-based techniques, and the amount of twinning is found to increase with increasing grain size. For the sheet texture and tensile loading condition examined, {1 0 . 2} extension twinning is not expected, yet the polycrystal plasticity model predicts the observed behavior, including this ‘anomalous’ tensile twinning. The analysis shows that the Hall–Petch strength dependence, of the polycrystal as a whole, is primarily determined by the grain size dependence of the strength of the prismatic slip systems.
Purification of individual tRNAs using a monoclonal anti-AMP antibody affinity column.

Abstract A murine monoclonal anti-AMP antibody affinity matrix was used for isolation of individual species of amino acid transfer nucleic acids (tRNAs). The antibodies had been prepared using 5′-AMP covalently attached to bovine serum albumin as antigen and exhibited high affinity for 5′-AMP but greatly reduced affinity for 3′-AMP. Native uncharged tRNAs that terminate in a 5′-AMP group on the amino acid acceptor arm of the molecule bind tightly to the anti-AMP affinity matrix, whereas aminoacylated tRNAs are not retained. This allows separation of a particular tRNA species as its aminoacyl derivative from a complex mixture of uncharged tRNAs under very mild conditions.
Detective Quantum Efficiency of Photodetectors with Some Amplification Mechanisms

A detector model is proposed for the type of detection that occurs with phosphorescent screens or photo-cathode detection; that is, detection by means of absorption and secondary-emission amplification. The detective quantum efficiency for this type of detector is obtained in the case that the primary stream as well as the production of secondary events from each primary event can be approximated by Poisson distributions.If Q is the average number of secondary events produced from each incident photon, the detective quantum efficiency QD becomes QD=Q/(1+Q).
Flocculation of Selected Clays by Various Electrolytes

The flocculation behavior of clay specimens from altered basalt, altered granodiorite, and a transported (?) deposit in Latah County, Idaho, was investigated in order to determine if flocculation behavior would be an aid in characterizing clay samples in a way that could be related to the origin and history of the clays. The clay minerals are of the kaolinite group.
Exact superreplication strategies for a class of derivative assets

A superreplicating hedging strategy is commonly used when delta hedging is infeasible or is too expensive. This article provides an exact analytical solution to the superreplication problem for a class of derivative asset payoffs. The class contains common payoffs that are neither uniformly convex nor concave. A digital option, a bull spread, a bear spread, and some portfolios of bull spreads or bear spreads, are all included as special cases. The problem is approached by first solving for the transition density of a process that has a two‐valued volatility. Using this process to model the underlying asset and identifying the two volatility values as σmin and σmax, the value function for any derivative asset in the class is shown to solve the Black–Scholes–Barenblatt equation. The subreplication problem and several related extensions, such as option pricing with transaction costs, calculating superreplicating bounds, and superreplication with multiple risky assets, are also addressed.
Switching in the far-field of a nonlinear directional coupler

Abstract It is shown that by using the all-optical switching characteristics of a nonlinear coherent directional coupler, sensitive switching of its far-field intensity pattern can be achieved.
Dynamics and thermodynamics of the liquid state (T < Tg) of amorphous polymers

Abstract The liquid state behavior of the following atactic polymers has been reviewed: the alkyl and cycloalkyl methacrylates; polyisobutylene; polybutadiene, its random copolymers with styrene and acrylonitrile, and S-B diblocks; polystyrene; and the poly-α-olefins C3, C5, and C6. Just as Tg manifests itself through time-dependent (relaxational) and thermodynamic (transition) effects, so also does a T Tg or Tβ relaxation. With increasing syndiotactic content, PMMA's reveal strengthening Tβ and Tl processes. Relaxation maps plotting log frequency-T−1 are presented for PBD and PIB, showing both Tg and Tl. The latter exhibits non-Arrhenius behavior with an activation enthalpy about half that at T...
Inferring Trends in Prehistoric Settlement Behavior from Lithic Production Technology In the Southern Plains

The character of prehistoric settlement with regard to degree of sedentism and mobility is not well understood in many areas of the southern Plains. This article explores lithic analytical approach...
The inhibitory effect of aureomycin (chlortetracycline) pretreatment on some rat liver m1crosomal enzyme activities

Abstract Rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of varying amounts of chlortetracycline to study the effects of this antibiotic on rat liver microsomal drug metabolism. The chlortetracycline-treated rats were then compared with sham-injected controls and phenobarbital-treated animals. Compared with the control animals, the chlortetracycline-treated animals gained weight more slowly, their livers were smaller, the microsomal protein per unit weight of liver was less, the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and metabolism in vitro of aminopyrine and hexobarbital were decreased while the hexobarbital sleeping time was markedly increased. The phenobarbital-treated animals showed the usual increase in all of the hepatic microsomal components and a marked decrease in hexobarbital sleeping time. Our data would indicate a possible inhibition of microsomal protein synthesis by chlortetracycline treatment, supporting the suggested mechanism of action of the tetracycline antibiotics.
Simultaneous assay of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

As part of an ongoing research program on the development of drug detection methodology, we developed an assay for the simultaneous measurement of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in plasma, saliva, urine and hair by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytes that could be measured by this assay were the following: anhydroecgonine methyl ester; ecgonine methyl ester;. ecgonine ethyl ester; cocaine; cocaethylene; benzoylecgonine; cocaethylene; norcocaethylene; benzoylnorecgonine; codeine; morphine; norcodeine; 6-acetylmorphine; normorphine; and heroin. Liquid specimens were diluted, filtered and then extracted by SPE. Additional handling steps were necessary for the analysis of hair samples. An initial wash procedure was utilized to remove surface contaminants. Washed hair samples were extracted with methanol overnight at 40 degrees C. Both wash and extract fractions were collected, evaporated and purified by SPE. All extracts were evaporated, derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and analyzed by GC-MS. The limit of detection (LOD) for cocaine, heroin and metabolites in biological specimens was approximately 1 ng/ml with the exception of norcodeine, normorphine and benzoylnorecgonine (LOD = 5 ng/ml). The LOD for cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair was approximately 0.1 ng/mg of hair with the exception of norcodeine (LOD = 0.3 ng/mg) and normorphine and benzoylnorecgonine (LOD = 0.5 ng/mg). Coefficients of variation ranged from 3 to 26.5% in the hair assay. This assay has been successfully utilized in research on the disposition of cocaine, heroin and metabolites in hair, plasma, saliva and urine and in treatment studies.
Forward genetic approaches for elucidation of novel regulators of Lyme arthritis severity

Patients experiencing natural infection with Borrelia burgdorferi display a spectrum of associated symptoms and severity, strongly implicating the impact of genetically determined host factors in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Herein, we provide a summary of the host genetic factors that have been demonstrated to influence the severity and chronicity of Lyme arthritis symptoms, and a review of the resources available, current progress, and added value of a forward genetic approach for identification of novel genetic regulators.
Extracranial Carotid Disease Revascularization

Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is a factor in ≈20% to 30% of all strokes.1,2 Revascularization strategies using surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) offer the possibility of stroke prevention by restoring flow and mitigating the risk for future plaque-associated embolization. Numerous studies have assessed whether these procedures reduce the risk for stroke and improve overall clinical outcome, but many issues and questions remain. The available clinical outcome data have highlighted the differential risk and benefit among symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients, the impact of older age and sex, and the surgical risk for CEA related to either anatomic or medical factors. Likewise, the important issues of operator training and experience and refinement of technique for both CEA and CAS affect the interpretation of clinical trial results and the generalization of these results to broader populations of patients and operators. To what extent other cardiovascular outcomes such as myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac death should be incorporated into the interpretation of specific clinical trials for stroke prevention is also an important consideration. Finally, the lack of data for comparing contemporary medical therapy with revascularization for reduction of stroke and overall cardiovascular outcomes is a serious shortfall. This review assesses the results of historical and more recent clinical trials of the comparative effectiveness of carotid revascularization in the context of these clinical issues. Comparisons between MI and stroke secondary to extracranial carotid artery stenosis are often drawn. Although symptomatic carotid plaques share similarities with vulnerable coronary plaques such as thinned fibrous caps, ulceration, and large necrotic lipid cores,3 acute coronary events are related mainly to plaque rupture with secondary thrombosis and may occur frequently in association with only mild or moderate coronary stenosis.4 The resultant complete or partial occlusion of the coronary artery leads to …
The Toronto Western Hospital Catheter in a Pediatric Dialysis Program

Following multiple technical problems with Tenckhoff catheters in children commencing prolonged dwell peritoneal dialysis, we have recently used the Toronto Western Hospital (TWH) catheter with considerable success. Six of the TWH catheters were inserted in children who had experienced either obstruction or leakage with prior use of 1–4 Tenckhoff catheters. Overall, we have used 15 TWH catheters in 12 children and have compared the results to 23 Tenckhoff catheters in 9 children. The rate of obstruction with TWH (7%) has been much less than with the Tenckhoff catheter (45%). We conclude that the TWH catheter represents a significant advance in peritoneal dialysis catheter technology for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) children starting continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD).
A tipping pulse scheme for an rf-SQUID qubit

We present a technique of using a stream of single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses magnetically coupled to the qubit junction to control the state of a rf-SQUID qubit. This momentarily suppresses the critical current of the junction and lowers the potential barrier so the tunneling oscillation frequency is increased.
Contemporary sedimentation processes in and around an active West Coast submarine canyon

Abstract Contemporary processes controlling the off-shelf transport of suspended particles in the vicinity of Quinault submarine canyon on the Washington continental shelf were identified using CTD/transmissometer surveys and a three-month deployment of current meter/transmissometer/sequentially-sampling sediment trap arrays. Resuspension events on the shelf create a shelf-break-depth nepheloid layer that transports sediment off the shelf. Fluctuations of the particle concentration in this layer were positively and significantly correlated with the short-term (9.5 days) temporal variation of trap deposition rates in the canyon and on the adjacent open slope. Contributions to the deposition rate from downslope transport along the canyon floor, from local resuspension of canyon sediments, and from particles in the ambient bottom nepheloid layer were negligible. These observations indicate that deposition on the slope is controlled by fast-sinking (100–200 m day−1) amorphous aggregates that scavenge fine-grained particles from the shelf-break-depth nepheloid layer. Areal variations in the deposition rate result from interaction between the regional flow pattern and the canyon geometry. Rates were high (∼60 g m−2 day−1) in the canyon upper head because it indents the shelf and thus underlies the shelf-break-depth nepheloid layer created by across-isobath advective transport of resuspended mid-shelf silty sediments. Rates were low (3–6 g m−2 day−1) elsewhere in the canyon and on the open slope because the transport is much less rapid and direct, occurring primarily by horizontal diffusion rather than across-isobath advection of particles, and because the availability of erodable fine-grained particles is reduced in the relatively coarser outer-shelf sediments. Trap deposition rate, extrapolated to an annual rate based on a historical seasonal pattern of shelf storms, was consistent with published radiometric bottom sediment accumulation rates throughout the study area.
Production scheduling of independent jobs on parallel identical processors

We study the scheduling of n independent jobs on m parallel identical processors. Using dynamic programming, the paper presents an algorithm to determine the optimal schedule for medium size problems with quite general cost functions. The application of the algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.
The multilevel diagram

Many of the commonly used methods in statistics assume that the data come from a random sample taken from a population of interest. The process of random sampling implies that each member of the po...
Effect of angle of attack on boundary-layer transition at Mach 21

Slender cone boundary layer transition under angle of attack at Mach 21 with promoted leeward and fixed windward ray
Reactive sintering and reactive hot isostatic compaction of aluminide matrix composites

Abstract Reactive powder-processing techniques involve use of a transient liquid phase for the formation of a compound. Two variants of reactive synthesis have been successfully applied to the fabrication of aluminide matrix composites. In certain systems it is possible to react mixed elemental powders directly to form a nearly full density structure (such as Ni3Al and NbAl3). This approach is applicable to systems with sufficient adiabatic heating from the reaction exotherm to induce densification by liquid phase sintering. In systems with lower reaction enthalpies, an alternative involves the application of an external stress during the reaction. The two main variants illustrated here are hot isostatic compaction of mixed elemental powders (nickel + aluminum) or hot isostatic compaction of partially reacted powders (TiAl). From this base it is possible to identify the best processing approach based on the system thermodynamics.
Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on the chronologic evolution of the Rio Puerco volcanic necks and Mesa Prieta, west-central New Mexico: Implications for transition zone magmatism

The Rio Puerco volcanic necks and Mesa Prieta, located in the transition zone between the Rio Grande rift and southeastern Colorado Plateau, New Mexico, are part of the larger Mount Taylor volcanic field. The comparatively small volume, but numerous, eruptions represented by the volcanic necks provide geochronologic insight to the larger magmatic system at Mount Taylor and in a broader sense to regional late Cenozoic volcanism of the southeastern Colorado Plateau transition zone. Whole-rock 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from 17 basaltic plugs, flows, and dikes range in age from 4.49 to 2.05 Ma and overlap the 3.73 to 1.57 Ma volcanism observed at Mount Taylor. Volcanic eruptions in the Rio Puerco Valley were few and sporadic prior to 3.17 Ma; after this time, eruptions progressively increased to a zenith at ca. 2.70 Ma and ceased altogether after 2.56 Ma. Volcanism at Mesa Prieta (2.36–2.05 Ma) is significantly younger than that recognized for the volcanic necks and is considerably more voluminous and chemically evolved. Paleomagnetic data from the volcanic necks show that basalts carry reliable thermoremanent magnetizations; 9 of 13 sites exhibit well-grouped statistical characteristics. Polarity results provide an independent check of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar analytical accuracy and are useful in resolving problems associated with excess Ar and/or Ar loss. The magmatic evolution of the Rio Puerco necks differs from the rest of the Mount Taylor volcanic field in duration of volcanism, erupted volume, and composition. These differences are believed to be related to the nonuniform character of the lithosphere9s structure and dynamic thermal construct across the Jemez zone in the vicinity of the Mount Taylor volcanic field. Our model proposes a zone of localized high heat flow and higher magma production beneath Mount Taylor volcano from 3.73 to 1.57 Ma to produce a suite of voluminous basalt-rhyolite compositions. However, east of Mount Taylor in the Rio Puerco Valley where the lithosphere is proposed to be cooler and more rigid throughout the same time interval, small-volume, xenolith-bearing, mafic eruptions are more typical. A cooler lithosphere is consistent with both low magma production rates and the observed small-volume eruptions of the Rio Puerco necks. A preexisting structural trend in the Rio Puerco Valley is believed to have assisted the ascent of volatile-rich, Rio Puerco magmas, particularly through the upper crust.
Hopelessness depression in depressed inpatients: Symptomatology, patient characteristics, and outcome

This exploratory study examined the association between level of hopelessness and specific depression symptomatology, patient characteristics, and treatment outcome. Results from 80 unipolar depressed inpatients suggested that high-hopelessness patients could be discriminated from low-hopelessness patients on hypothesized symptoms of depression, characterized by retarded initiation of voluntary responses (a motivational symptom) and sad affect (an emotional symptom). Moreover, high-hopelessness patients could be discriminated from patients low in hopelessness on the patient characteristics of greater suicidal ideation, social dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, compared to low-hopelessness patients, depressed inpatients high in hopelessness exhibited a poorer outcome to pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions.
Silent energy source for tactical applications

Power source requirements for the Soldier System, which includes all items/equipment worn, consumed, or carried by the soldier in the field for his or her individual use, are discussed. The use of fuel cells, which offer silence and high efficiency, is considered. It is concluded that the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell coupled with a good hydrogen source offers a very attractive power source for the Soldier System and for other portable requirements needing power in the range of 50 to 500 W. >
Stability and Comparative Analysis of AOT/Water/Isooctane Reverse Micelle System Using Dynamic Light Scattering and Molecular Dynamics

We use molecular dynamics (MD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements to analyze the size of reverse micellar structures in the AOT-water-isooctane system at different water-to-surfactant ratios at ambient temperature and pressure. We find good qualitative agreement for the size and morphology behavior of the reverse micelle structures between molecular dynamics calculations and DLS measurements; however, the average values for the reverse micelle size distributions are systematically larger for the DLS measurements. The latter tends to capture the average hydrodynamic size of the structures based on self-diffusion rather than the average physical size as measured in MD simulations, explaining the systematic deviations observed. The combination of MD with DLS allows a better interpretation of the experimental results, in particular for conditions where the structures are nonspherical, commonly observed at lower water-to-surfactant ratios. We also present and analyze the effect of zirconyl chloride on the micellar size distributions in this system. These type of salts are common for reverse micellar synthesis processes. We find that zirconyl chloride affects significantly the size distributions.
A comparative study of ependymomas by site of origin

Abstract Sixty-one patients with histologically proven ependymoma were irradiated between 1954 and 1976. Supra-and infratentorial tumors occurred more often in children and spinal cord- cauda equina tumors more often in adults. Local control was achieved in four of 20 supratentorial, 13 of 26 infratentorial, three of seven intramedullary spinal cord, and seven of eight cauda equina tumors. Improved local control of infratentorial tumors was noted for patients who received higher biologically effective doses of radiation but no dose-response for supratentorial, spinal cord or cauda equina tumors could be found. Five-year actuarial survival was 56% for all patients, 35% for supratentorial, 59% for infratentorial, 57% for spinal cord and 83% for cauda equina tumors. Spinal metastases were pathologically documented in 5 of 46 (11%) patients with ependymomas above the foramen magnum. They were clinically evident in two patients and most common in patients with infratentorial tumors whose spines had not been irradiated. One patient who was irradiated externally for cauda equina tumor developed radiation myelopathy 12 years later; three of eight patients who received intrathecal gold 198 developed myelopathy and/or cauda equina syndrome 3-12 to 17 years later.
Effects of a mitochondrial mutator mutation in yeast POS5 NADH kinase on mitochondrial nucleotides.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three NADH/NAD+ kinases, one of which is localized in mitochondria and phosphorylates NADH in preference to NAD+. Strand et al. reported that a yeast mutation in POS5, which encodes the mitochondrial NADH kinase, is a mutator, specific for mitochondrial genes (Strand, M. K., Stuart, G. R., Longley, M. J., Graziewicz, M. A., Dominick, O. C., and Copeland, W. C. (2003) Eukaryot. Cell 2, 809–820). Because of the involvement of NADPH in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis, we asked whether mitochondria in a pos5 deletion mutant contain abnormal deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools. We found the pools of the four dNTPs to be more than doubled in mutant mitochondrial extracts relative to wild-type mitochondrial extracts. This might partly explain the mitochondrial mutator phenotype. However, the loss of antioxidant protection is also likely to be significant. To this end, we measured pyridine nucleotide pools in mutant and wild-type mitochondrial extracts and found NADPH levels to be diminished by ∼4-fold in Δpos5 mitochondrial extracts, with NADP+ diminished to a lesser degree. Our data suggest that both dNTP abnormalities and lack of antioxidant protection contribute to elevated mitochondrial gene mutagenesis in cells lacking the mitochondrial NADH kinase. The data also confirm previous reports of the specific function of Pos5p in mitochondrial NADP+ and NADPH biosynthesis.
Analyzing parallel program performance using normalized performance indices and trace transformation techniques

Abstract In this paper we describe how a performance tuning tool-set, AIMS, guides the user towards developing efficient and scalable production-level parallel programs by locating performance improvement opportunities and determining optimization benefits. AIMS's Xisk helps identify potential optimizations by computing various pre-defined normalized performance indices from program traces. Inspection of these index point to specific optimizations that may benefit program performance. After identifying and characterizing performance problems, AIMS's MK can provide quantitative estimates of performance benefits to help the user avoid arduous optimizations that may not lead to expected performance improvements by. MK also helps identify potential pitfalls or benefits of changing any of various system parameters. Based on MK's performance projection, an informed decision regarding the most beneficial program optimizations or upgrades in execution environments can be chosen.
Christian Community and Uncommon Courtesy

What truly constitutes a “disruption” to a worship service? Is it more disrupting to include someone who makes noise during the quieter moments of a service, in this case a child with disabilities who makes loud noises when feeling excited; or is it more disrupting to ask her to leave? Which is really the greater disruption to the community of faith? In this article I make a case for why it can be more faithful and better for everyone in the community for the child to remain in the service, even while she is making noise.
Electrocardiography: the ECG

This article examines the role of electrocardiography in patient monitoring during an operative procedure. In addition to providing a wealth of physiological information, including information on the electrical activity of the heart, the ECG assists in monitoring and detecting a variety of changes, such as cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte changes, and ischemia. Information presented on an ECG should be analyzed systematically with an understanding of the constituent elements of an ECG, the rate, the rhythm, the morphology, the axis, the presence of conduction abnormalities, electrolyte changes, and ischemic changes. To assess accurately the information presented, hemodynamic information and cardiac-risk analysis should be integrated to have a complete picture.
Metabolism of Glutamic Acid and N-Acetylglutamic Acid in Leaf Discs and Cell-free Extracts of Higher Plants

Radioactive glutamic acid and N-acetylglutamic acid have been incubated with normal and wilted leaf discs and radioactivity recovered in uncombined proline. The discs which had been placed under moisture stress incorporated considerably more label in uncombined proline than did normal discs.In extracts of swiss chard leaves, both (14)C-N-acetylglutamic acid and glutamic acid are metabolized to their corresponding semialdehyde as evidenced by a recovery of proline after appropriate treatment. There is also incorporation of label in N(a)-acetylornithine from N-acetylglutamic acid. These reactions require ATP, Mg(2+), and NADH or NADPH.
THE NATURE OF COLICIN K FROM PROTEUS MIRABILIS

The colicinogenic factor K has been transferred from E. coli K 235 to Proteus mirabilis. The DNA of the colicinogenic Proteus has been shown to contain a small amount of a satellite DNA which presumably harbors the Col K factor. In the presence of mitomycin C the colicinogenic Proteus secretes colicin K into the growth medium. The bacteriocin has been purified by chromatography and obtained as an immunologically homogeneous substance unconjugated with other antigens of the Proteus bacillus. Proteus colicin K is a protein of relatively low molecular weight. It contains all of the usual amino acids except cysteine and is free of lipids and polysaccharides. The bacteriocin can be separated by electrofocusing into two major components. The latter have the same biological properties but differ in their specific electrical charges.
Values Placed on US Cotton-fiber Attributes by Textile Manufacturers

Price premiums and discounts paid for cotton quality attributes (trash, color, length, strength, and micronaire) by textile manufacturers were derived for three US cotton production regions. The data for the analysis were individual contracts of textile firm purchases representing about 26% of US cotton production and 41% of the cotton used by mills over the 1992–early 1995 period. All fiber attributes except strength significantly affected prices paid by mills for cotton from the Western, South Central, and Southern production regions. Price premiums and discounts for all fiber attributes differed between Western and South Central cottons. Region differences in price premiums and discounts between the West and South were found for length and micronaire, but little difference was found between the Southern and South Central regions for any fiber attribute except micronaire. The information obtained from the study provides better understanding of cotton pricing structures relative to quality attributes in ...