cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of Diapause in Field Populations of the Pink Bollworm in the Western United States

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) overwinters as a diapausing larva in a hibernaculum in cotton seeds, bolls, ground trash, or in the soil. In tests conducted in Arizona and southern California during 1973–78, the 1st diapause larvae was found as early as Aug. 23, and as late as Sept. 10. When diapause larvae were found in late Aug. the incidence of diapause remained low ( 29°C during mid to late Sept., the incidence of diapause was low and increased when temperatures decreased and photoperiod shortened. Early irrigation termination, chemical termination treatments and varieties did not significantly affect the initiation-or the incidence of diapause.
Molecular mechanics of cardiac titin's PEVK and N2B spring elements

Titin is a giant elastic protein that is responsible for the majority of passive force generated by the myocardium. Titin's force is derived from its extensible I-band region, which, in the cardiac isoform, comprises three main extensible elements: tandem Ig segments, the PEVK domain, and the N2B unique sequence (N2B-Us). Using atomic force microscopy, we characterized the single molecule force-extension curves of the PEVK and N2B-Us spring elements, which together are responsible for physiological levels of passive force in moderately to highly stretched myocardium. Stretch-release force-extension curves of both the PEVK domain and N2B-Us displayed little hysteresis: the stretch and release data nearly overlapped. The force-extension curves closely followed worm-like chain behavior. Histograms of persistence length (measure of chain bending rigidity) indicated that the single molecule persistence lengths are ∼1.4 and ∼0.65 nm for the PEVK domain and N2B-Us, respectively. Using these mechanical characteristics and those determined earlier for the tandem Ig segment (assuming folded Ig domains), we modeled the cardiac titin extensible region in the sarcomere and calculated the extension of the various spring elements and the forces generated by titin, both as a function of sarcomere length. In the physiological sarcomere length range, predicted values and those obtained experimentally were indistinguishable.
Conserved Vertebrate Chromosome Segments in the Large Salamander Genome

Urodele amphibians (salamanders) are important models for embryological, physiological, and natural history research and are also a biomedically important group because they are the only vertebrates capable of regenerating entire organ systems. To enhance the utility of salamanders for biomedical research and for understanding genome evolution, genetic linkage analysis was used to identify chromosome segments that are homologous between ambystomatid salamanders and distantly related vertebrate model organisms. A total of 347 loci (AFLPs, RAPDs, and protein-coding loci) were mapped using an interspecific meiotic mapping panel (Ambystoma mexicanum and A. tigrinum tigrinum; family Ambystomatidae). Genome size in Ambystoma was estimated to be 7291 cM, the largest linkage map estimate reported for any organism. However, the relatively large size of the salamander genome did not hinder efforts to map and identify conserved syntenies from a small sample of 24 protein-coding loci. Chromosomal segments that are conserved between fishes and mammals are also conserved in these salamanders. Thus, comparative gene mapping appears to be an efficient strategy for identifying orthologous loci between ambystomatid salamanders and genomically well-characterized vertebrate model organisms.
Recent developments in HgCdTe photovoltaic devices grown on alternative substrates using heteroepitaxy

One of the principal difficulties in liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) HgCdTe MCT photodiode production is the availability of high quality substrates for epitaxial growth. Rockwell has developed an alternative substrate material which overcomes the disadvantages of bulk CdTe without sacrificing the epitaxial quality of HgCdTe grown on it. This substrate consists of a single crystal sapphire wafer (typically 2" in diameter) prepared appropriately and covered with a thin (10 - 20 µm) LPE grown layer of cadmium telluride. The substrate has been given the acronym PACE for Producible Alternative to CdTe for Epitaxy. Devices made in HgCdTe LPE wafers on PACE have shown excellent electrical and optical properties and superior uniformity when compared to devices fabricated in HgCdTe grown on CdTe substrates. Typical R_{o}A values for midwave infrared (MWIR, 3- 5 µm wavelength) diodes are > 10 Ω-cm2at 195K (cutoff wavelength, \lambda_{c} = 4.2 µm), > 3 \times 10^{4} Ω-cm2at 120K ( \lambda_{c} = 4.45 µm) and > 106Ω-cm2at 77K (λ c = 4.6 µm). Typical quantum efficiencies are 60 - 80% without AR coating. Analysis of the detectivity of a 1024 element MWIR hybrid focal plane array shows that the number of defective elements, even under low-to-moderate photon backgrounds (high 1012photons cm2s-1), is less than 5%. This new technology appears very promising for lowering cost and increasing yield of infrared photodetector arrays. It may also lead to new device applications in areas traditionally reserved for more conventional materials such as GaAs and Si.
A comparison of alternative transforms for electric power engineering applications

It is conjectured that mathematical transform methods may be deserving of increased awareness in systems analysis in general, and power quality calculations in particular, due to their favorable convolution property when studying linear, time-invariant systems. Because certain transforms have associated with them a fast algorithm for digital computation, frequency domain analysis tools can substantially lessen the computational burden when solving for the response to a known system and input. Two elementary examples are included whereby the steady-state system response to nonsinusoidal load currents is calculated using the Hartley and Walsh transforms. A comparison between the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and conventional time domain convolution by lagged products is presented. Also, the authors present a brief introduction to the Mellin transform and its application to Euler linear, time-varying differential equations. >
Measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human brain using LCModel analysis of difference-edited spectra

The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant, may be altered in various brain diseases. MEGA-PRESS was used to edit for the (1)H NMR signal from GSH in the occipital lobe of 12 normal humans. In all studies, GSH was clearly detected with a spectral pattern consistent with spectra acquired from a phantom containing GSH. Retention of singlet resonances in the subspectra, a key advantage of this difference-editing technique, provided an unambiguous reference for the offset and phase of the edited signal. Linear combination model (LCModel) analysis provided an unbiased means for quantifying signal contribution from edited metabolites. GSH concentration was estimated from the in vivo spectra as 1.3 +/- 0.2 micro mol/g (mean +/- SD, n = 12).
Combined use of unsupervised and supervised learning for dynamic security assessment

It is highly desirable that the security and stability of electric power systems after exposure to large disturbances be assessable. In this connection, the critical clearing time (CCT) is an attribute which provides significant information about the quality of the post-fault system behavior. It may be regarded as a complex mapping of the prefault, fault-on, and post-fault system conditions in the time domain. Y.-H. Pao and D.J. Solajic (1989) showed that a feedforward neural network can be used to learn this mapping and successfully perform under variable system operating conditions and topologies. In that work the system was described in terms of some conventionally used parameters. In contrast to using those pragmatic features selected on the basis of the engineering understanding of the problem, the possibility of using unsupervised and supervised learning paradigms to discover what combination of raw measurements are significant in determining CCT is considered. Correlation analysis and Euclidean metric are used to specify interfeature dependencies. An example of a 4-machine power system is used to illustrate the suggested approach. >
Scent Marking and Responses to Male Castor Fluid by Beavers

Stable URL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2372%28199802%2979%3A1%3C191%3ASMARTM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-QJournal of Mammalogy is currently published by American Society of Mammalogists.Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available athttp://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtainedprior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained athttp://www.jstor.org/journals/asm.html.Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printedpage of such transmission.The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academicjournals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers,and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community takeadvantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.http://www.jstor.orgTue Dec 11 11:17:30 2007
Illumination and View Position in 3D Visual Recognition

It is shown that both changes in viewing position and illumination conditions can be compensated for, prior to recognition, using combinations of images taken from different viewing positions and different illumination conditions. It is also shown that, in agreement with psychophysical findings, the computation requires at least a sign-bit image as input -- contours alone are not sufficient.
Referees and controversy

P. J. Baum has broadened the discussion of the peer review process, particularly as it pertains to the space physics section of the Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR-A). The primary point raised by Baum is that the referees tend to be cautious with regard to the introduction of new ideas or ideas with which they do not agree. When asked to decide whether or not a paper should be published (rather than the decision being made alone and unambiguously by the journal Editor), referees tend to recommend against publication of papers they do not feel are both sound and safe.
Novel, potent anti-androgens of therapeutic potential: recent advances and promising developments.

The beneficial effect of androgen ablation has been well established in prostate cancer therapy. Despite the initial response, patients typically relapse with a more aggressive form described as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRCP), driven by continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling. This review details the current state of anti-androgen therapy, mainly for CRPC, with major emphasis on the most potent and promising compounds under development. Anti-androgen failure has been linked to elevated AR expression, increased expression of coactivator proteins, AR mutations, ligand-independent AR activation and persistent intraprostatic androgens. MDV3100, BMS-641988 and VN/124-1 were developed to overcome these mechanisms. In CRCP, prostate cancer cells still rely on intracellular androgens and, to a greater extent, on active AR for growth and survival. Therefore, potent anti-androgens that efficiently disrupt the functions (signaling) of AR are envisioned to be effective drugs for all types of prostate ...
External Carotid Artery Stenosis after Internal and Common Carotid Stenting

Background The external carotid artery (ECA) can be an important collateral for cerebral perfusion in the presence of severe internal carotid artery (ICA) disease. ICA stenting that covers the ECA origin may put the ECA at increased risk of stenosis. Our objective was to determine the rate of ECA stenosis secondary to ICA stenting, determine predictive factors, and describe any subsequent associated symptoms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data on all ICA stents crossing the origin of the ECA placed by vascular surgeons at our institution. We analyzed patient demographics, comorbidities, stent type and sizes, as well as medication profile to determine predictors of ECA stenosis. Results Between 2005 and 2013, there were 72 (out of 119 total ICA stenting) patients (mean age 71, 68% male) who underwent placement of ICA stents that also crossed the origin of the ECA. Six patients (8.3%) had a significantly increased ECA stenosis postprocedure. There were no occlusions. All patients with ECA stenosis maintained patency of their ICA stent and were asymptomatic. Age, gender, comorbidities, stent type and size, and medication profile were not associated with ECA stenosis after stenting. Conclusions ECA stenosis after ICA stenting covering the ECA origin is uncommon and not clinically significant in patients with patent ICA stents. The clinical significance of concurrent ECA and ICA stenosis after stenting is unclear as it is not captured here. The potential for ECA stenosis should not deter stenting across the ECA origin if necessary. Patient and stent factors are not predictive of ECA stenosis.
YET ANOTHER LOOK AT INTERLANGUAGE PHONOLOGY: THE MODIFICATION OF ENGLISH SYLLABLE STRUCTURE BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF POLISH

Tarone (1980) attempted to show that some syllable structure errors in the interlanguage (IL) speech of learners of English from various language backgrounds were not attributable to language transfer and might provide evidence of a universal tendency to produce open (CV) syllables, an interlanguage process which she argued operates independently of language transfer The case study presented here follows essentially the same method of investigation that Tarone followed to gather evidence for the hypothesized universal preference for the open syllable, but uses speakers from a different language group (Polish) as subjects Since Polish features man) of the same complex syllable structures that English does, modification of these same complex syllable in the interlanguage would not appear to be attributable to transfer The next question would be whether the modifications found showed movement toward an open syllable. The results obtained here are less categorical than those obtained by Tarone Although a number of modifications were found which could not readily be attributed to transfer, only about half of these could be sad to show clear modification toward an open (CV) syllable pattern Although it IS possible that the preference for the open CV syllable operates as a variable rule in interlanguage phonology, with the native-language (NL) background of the learner influencing the extent to which the rule is applied, it is suggested that the patterns of modification found here might best be analyzed not in terms of processes unique to IL phonology, but rather in terms of universal patterns of glottalization and epenthesis found in the speech of persons experiencing stress, whether they are speaking in their native language or in a second language.
Toward discovery support systems: a replication, re-examination, and extension of Swanson's work on literature-based discovery of a connection between Raynaud's and fish oil

Don R. Swanson has undertaken a program of research to use the published medical literature as a source of discoveries. We have attempted to replicate his discovery of a connection between Raynaud's disease and dietary fish oil, as well as develop computer-based searching methods that could usefully support literature-based discoveries. We have been successful in replicating Swanson's discovery and have developed a method of discovery support based on the complete text of MEDLINE records. From these, we compute statistics based both on the frequency of tokens within a literature and on the number of records containing various tokens. We discuss the use of these statistics, suggesting that token and record frequencies are good indicators of literatures profitably related to some source literature, and that relative record frequencies are useful in isolating literatures with the potential of containing a discovery. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal Referral Bonuses with Asymmetric Information: Firm-Offered and Interpersonal Incentives

Referral bonuses, in which an existing customer gets an in-kind or cash reward for referring a new customer, are a popular way to stimulate word of mouth. In this paper, we examine key firm decisions about such bonuses. Others have studied referral bonus programs; a key difference is that we study the role of recommendations not just in spreading awareness as they do but also in providing assessments. We start with the idea that people have a variety of reasons for making product recommendations, including placing a value on a friend's outcome with a product they recommend. We apply that idea in a context of asymmetric information: A customer combines his knowledge about the product and his familiarity with friends' tastes, making him more informed than the friends. Thus, the recommendation is a signal about the value of the product to the friend. In this setting, we consistently find that the greater the concern for others' outcomes, the higher the referral bonus should be, as long as the firm cannot more efficiently motivate recommendations with a lower price. Moreover, if price is the more efficient lever, the optimal bonus is zero, and the optimal price is low. We also show that greater concern tends to reduce firm profit and, in some cases, actually reduces consumer welfare as well.
Multivariate MIMO FIR inverses

The problem of computing exact finite impulse response (FIR) inverses for multivariate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FIR systems is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for invertibility are given, along with computation techniques. Random systems and structured systems are defined. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the almost sure invertibility of structured random systems are derived. Bounds on the orders of the inverse filters are computed.
GENERAL P, TYPE-I S, AND TYPE-II S WAVES IN ANELASTIC SOLIDS; INHOMOGENEOUS WAVE FIELDS IN LOW-LOSS SOLIDS.

Abstract The physical characteristics for general plane-wave radiation fields in an arbitrary linear viscoelastic solid are derived. Expressions for the characteristics of inhomogeneous wave fields, derived in terms of those for homogeneous fields, are utilized to specify the characteristics and a set of reference curves for general P and S wave fields in arbitrary viscoelastic solids as a function of wave inhomogeneity and intrinsic material absorption. The expressions show that an increase in inhomogeneity of the wave fields causes the velocity to decrease, the fractional-energy loss ( Q −1 ) to increase, the deviation of maximum energy flow with respect to phase propagation to increase, and the elliptical particle motions for P and type-I S waves to approach circularity. Q −1 for inhomogeneous type-I S waves is shown to be greater than that for type-II S waves, with the deviation first increasing then decreasing with inhomogeneity. The mean energy densities (kinetic, potential, and total), the mean rate of energy dissipation, the mean energy flux, and Q −1 for inhomogeneous waves are shown to be greater than corresponding characteristics for homogeneous waves, with the deviations increasing as the inhomogeneity is increased for waves of fixed maximum displacement amplitude. For inhomogeneous wave fields in low-loss solids, only the tilt of the particle motion ellipse for P and type-I S waves is independent to first order of the degree of inhomogeneity. Quantitative estimates for the characteristics of inhomogeneous plane body waves in layered low-loss solids are derived and guidelines established for estimating the effect of inhomogeneity on seismic body waves and a Rayleigh-type surface wave in low-loss media.
Molecular dynamics simulation of organic glass formers: I.ortho-terphenyl and 1,3,5-tri-?-naphthyl benzene

. ABSTRACT: A computer code was prepared for the molecular dynamics MD simulation of a multimolecular system to atomic resolution. Based on a widely
The design and verification of a VLSI chip for electrocardiogram data compression

A VLSI architecture for performing electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression is presented. The goals of the chip are to improve both the speed and the density as compared to an off-the-shelf implementation. The complex control sections of the chip were synthesized from a functional description into standard cells, while critical-path arithmetic sections were custom designed. This mix of full custom and standard cell design allows for a trade-off between design time and area, with no penalty in speed performance. The resulting silicon chip, implemented in 1.1 mu m CMOS technology, is useful for ECG data collection, compression, and analysis. >
Intermediary Leverage and the Cross-Section of Expected Returns

I find that an asset's expected return is largely explained by its covariance with intermediary leverage for a broad cross-section of returns. A one-factor leverage model performs as well as standard multi-factor models on most dimensions and in particular helps explain the 30 Industry and 10 Momentum portfolios. I consider two alternative views of how intermediary leverage is informative for asset prices: (1) the market segmentation view in which intermediaries are the agents relevant for pricing and leverage measures their marginal value of wealth and (2) the reflection of risk premia view in which consumers are the agents relevant for pricing and leverage reflects time-varying risk aversion. I find support for both views.
Evidence for the stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone of the conversion of cholesterol esters to cholesterol in the adrenal, in, vivo

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that the inhibition of adrenal protein synthesis in vivo by cycloheximide blocked the ACTH ∗ stimulation of corticosterone secretion (Garren, Ney, and Davis, 1965) . It has been shown that cycloheximide acts by inhibiting the first step in the conversion of cholesterol to δ5-pregnenolone in the adrenal (Davis, Ney, and Garren, 1966 ; Davis and Garren 1966). The present study demonstrates that ACTH activates the conversion of adrenal cholesterol esters to free cholesterol even when adrenal protein synthesis and steroidogenesis are inhibited by cycloheximide.
Analysis of Broadband Solar Radiation and Albedo over the Ocean Surface at COVE

Abstract A coupled atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer model has been applied to analyze a full year of broadband solar irradiances (up and down) measured over an ocean site 25 km east of the coast of Virginia in the Atlantic. The coupled model treats absorption and scattering by layers for both the atmosphere and the ocean explicitly and consistently. Key input parameters for the model (aerosol optical depth, wind speed, and total precipitable water) are also from in situ measurements. Having more observations to specify properties of the atmosphere than of the ocean, better model–observation agreement is obtained for the downwelling irradiance, which depends primarily on the atmospheric optical properties, than for the upwelling irradiance, which depends heavily on the ocean optical properties. The mean model–observation differences for the ocean surface albedo are generally less than 0.01. However, the modeled upwelling irradiances and albedo over the ocean surface are mostly less than the observations...
Measure Guideline. Condensing Boilers - Control Strategies for Optimizing Performance and Comfort in Residential Applications

The combination of a gas-fired condensing boiler with baseboard convectors and an indirect water heater has become a common option for high-efficiency residential space heating in cold climates. While there are many condensing boilers available on the market with rated efficiencies in the low to mid 90% efficient range, it is imperative to understand that if the control systems are not properly configured, these heaters will perform no better than their non-condensing counterparts. Based on previous research efforts, it is apparent that these types of systems are typically not designed and installed to achieve maximum efficiency (Arena 2010). It was found that there is a significant lack of information for contractors on how to configure the control systems to optimize overall efficiency. For example, there is little advice on selecting the best settings for the boiler reset curve or how to measure and set flow rates in the system to ensure that the return temperatures are low enough to promote condensing. It has also been observed that recovery from setback can be extremely slow and, at times, not achieved. Recovery can be affected by the outdoor reset control, the differential setting on the boiler and over-sizing of the boiler itself. This guide is intended for designers and installers of hydronic heating systems interested in maximizing the overall system efficiency of condensing boilers when coupled with baseboard convectors. It is applicable to new and retrofit applications.
Recognizing Civic Engagement as a Critical Domain of Human Development

Citizenship is a critically important area of adult functioning so that its development should be of much greater significance in developmental science. Furthermore, it provides a means of exploring a number of key issues in developmental science. It is a prime example of social cognition, and lends itself to examination of interesting issues about development itself and developmental processes. Because it results from lifelong socialization and is influenced by most childhood socialization factors such as families and schools, it offers a useful means of studying socialization. It varies across most indicators of youth diversity so can be a safe way of indexing the increasing heterogeneity of our youth. And it is both a contributor to and an expression of positive youth development, a powerful new approach to research and policy. In this regard, it provides a useful tool for investigating the development of human capital. It should be one of the most important topics in developmental science, not a side ...
X-Linked Lissencephaly with ARX Mutations, Abnormal Genitalia, and Corpus Callosum Agenesis

The clinical and genetic findings of two X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG) pedigrees with ARX mutations are reported from the University of Regensburg, Germany.
The Personal Norm of Reciprocity among mental health service users: conceptual development and measurement.

OBJECTIVE: A measure of an individual's level of internalization of the norm of reciprocity may signal exchange preferences and indicate whether "active" or "passive" mental health services are preferable to consumers. We evaluated the psychometric properties of one such measure, the Personal Norm of Reciprocity (PNR) scale. METHODS: We recruited 70 persons receiving mental health services and 65 comparison participants to complete questionnaires assessing reciprocity tendencies and correlates of mental illness. RESULTS: Two of three subscales of a shortened PNR showed evidence of reliability and validity. Consumers endorsed higher levels of the reciprocity norm than persons not seeking services. Persons in "active" service settings displayed greater rigidity in application of the reciprocity norm than individuals in "passive" service settings or comparison participants. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The shortened PNR can be a useful measure of individual reciprocity preferences. Measurement of the internalization of the norm of reciprocity may assist practitioners in identifying what types of services are more likely to retain and benefit mental health service consumers.
The Two Manners of Louis-Léopold Boilly and French Genre Painting in Transition

Louis Boilly's son noted that his father had worked in two distinct manners; the first during the 1790's and the second from the Consulate era onward. This article examines a selection from Boilly's genre oeuvre with a view toward defining the essential formal and iconographic characteristics. of each. It is suggested that Boilly is a transitional figure. Works in the first manner are typical of the later eighteenth century, with their interest in moral, sentimental, even mildly erotic themes. By contrast, Boilly's second manner anticipates developments in later nineteenth-century naturalism by evincing a strong desire to record daily life with a degree of objectivity.
A Proposal for a 24-Volt Standard for Audio-Visual Equipment

Audio-visual equipment is now manufactured for a variety of mains voltages, frequencies and connectors to interface with world-wide power systems. A standard low direct-current voltage is proposed for all components of audiovisual equipment and power outlets to be used in individual study and small group instruction. Several benefits are discussed: increased user safety, international compatibility, more portable equipment, more efficient optical systems, possibly lower cost equipment and use of equipment in places where there are no electrical mains.
The impact of pediatric neuropsychological consultation in mild traumatic brain injury: a model for providing feedback after invalid performance

AbstractObjective: In recent years, pediatric practitioners have increasingly recognized the importance of objectively measuring performance validity during clinical assessments. Yet, no studies have examined the impact of neuropsychological consultation when invalid performance has been identified in pediatric populations and little published guidance exists for clinical management. Here we provide a conceptual model for providing feedback after noncredible performance has been detected. In a pilot study, we examine caregiver satisfaction and postconcussive symptoms following provision of this feedback for patients seen through our concussion program. Methods: Participants (N = 70) were 8–17-year-olds with a history of mild traumatic brain injury who underwent an abbreviated neuropsychological evaluation between 2 and 12 months post-injury. We examined postconcussive symptom reduction and caregiver satisfaction after neuropsychological evaluation between groups of patients who were determined to have pro...
Real-Time Simulation of UHVDC Cooperative Control Suitable to Large-Scale Wind Farms

UHVDC power transmission is a better solution for large-scale transmission of new energy resources.Based on an advanced real-time digital/analog hybrid simulation platform,which can simulate both large-scale wind farms and UHVDC power transmission system accurately,the cooperative control for UHVDC transmission system with wind farms is researched in depth.According to active power adjustment characteristics and equipment operating characteristics of UHVDC transmission system,an active power control strategy,which can track the fluctuation of wind power,for cooperative control of DC power is proposed.Combining with dynamic characteristics of power grid stability recovery,a reactive power cooperative control strategy for UHVDC transmission system under the circumstance of wind farm disconnected from power grid,by which both fault recovery characteristics and stability of power grid can be enhanced,is put forward.The effectiveness of the proposed cooperative control strategies is verified by real-time digital/analog hybrid simulation.
Using Transposons for Genetic Mosaic Analysis of Plant Development

Genetic mosaics, or chimeras, are individual organisms composed of cells or tissues of two or more distinct genotypes. They are experimentally useful for addressing several key biological questions. These include fate mapping through analysis of marked clonal lineages, analyzing cell or tissue interactions such as the induction of developmental events, and analyzing whether a gene acts cell autonomously. Genetic mosaics can arise in many ways, including through the action of transposable elements. Naturally occurring transposons can generate genetic mosaics by somatically inserting into a gene to cause a mutant sector, somatically excising from a mutant gene to create a revertant wild-type sector, or causing chromosomal breaks or rearrangements leading to loss of a gene or genes. Transposons have also been cleverly engineered to allow the generation of marked somatic sectors, sometimes in controlled ways. Here we review ways in which transposon-induced genetic mosaics have been used experimentally, the various methods that have been used, and general considerations for designing genetic mosaic studies using transposon methods.
Personal Well-Being of Retail Managers—The Role of Work Commitments

It was hypothesized that work related commitments (organizational commitment, job commitment, and career commitment) are positively related to personal well-being (as measured by affective symptoms, self-esteem, general life satisfaction, and overall personal well-being) along most of the commitment range. At the top end of the range, however, where “overcommitment" is indicated, a deterioration of well-being was expected.
Regional Learning Collaboratives Produce Rapid and Sustainable Improvements in Stroke Thrombolysis Times

Background— Reduction in door-to-needle (DTN) times in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator is associated with improved outcomes. We hypothesized that a learning collaborative would rapidly reduce DTN times at Chicago’s primary stroke centers. Methods and Results— We analyzed data from all adult patients with out-of-hospital ischemic stroke hospitalized between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2015 and who received tissue-type plasminogen activator in the emergency department at 15 primary stroke centers in Chicago and 15 primary stroke centers in St. Louis. We implemented a structured learning collaborative in Chicago in quarter 1 of 2013 that included (1) a quality improvement leader, (2) stroke content expert, (3) multidisciplinary teams from each site, (4) a targeted goal for the program (DTN time 50% of patients treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator), and (5) face-to-face meetings with on-site visits. We used interrupted time-series analysis to compare the impact of the learning collaborative on DTN times in Chicago pre- and post implementation and also concurrently versus St. Louis. We prespecified adjustment for mode of arrival, emergency medical services prenotification, and onset-to-arrival times. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. In adjusted analysis, the reduction in DTN time within 1 quarter of implementation was 15.5 minutes ( P =0.046) at Chicago sites versus 1.17 minutes at St. Louis sites ( P =0.601). Conclusions— Using a learning collaborative model at Chicago’s 15 primary stroke centers, we observed major reductions in DTN times within 1 quarter of implementation. Regional collaboration and best practices sharing should be a model for rapid and sustainable system-wide quality improvement.
Role of Extracellular Components in Microbial Biosorption of Copper and Lead

Binding of metal ions to extracellular components of microbial systems plays an important role in biosorption processes. Besides pH and temperature, type of anionic system and concentration of the metallic ions are some of the governing factors determining the maximum uptake capacity of the microbial system. Actinomycetes show an ability to selectively scavenge metals from aqueous systems. A biosorption system was tested using a bimetallic solution containing lead and copper. Uptake of Pb was observed to increase with concentration. Chloride ions had an inhibiting effect on the metal removal capacity of the actinomycetes system.
Arbitrary Transformation of Radiation Patterns Using a Spherical Impedance Metasurface

We present a method to transform the radiation pattern of an antenna into an arbitrarily defined pattern through the use of an inhomogeneous spherical impedance metasurface that completely encloses the radiating source. We derive a general procedure to determine the sheet impedance distribution required to form the desired electric field image pattern. As an example, we demonstrate the ability to transform the radiation pattern of a dipole into the image of a nautical anchor in both the near field and far field. Full-wave simulation results provide good agreement with calculated expectations, confirming the ability to accurately form arbitrary radiation patterns using closed metasurfaces.
How I use anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and conveys a significant risk of morbidity and mortality due to related stroke and systemic embolism. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is the mainstay of thromboembolism prevention, and management of anticoagulation can be challenging. For patients without significant valvular disease, decisions around anticoagulation therapy are first based on the presence of additional stroke risk factors, as measured by the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74, and sex category [female]) score. Patients with increased CHA2DS2-VASc scores (by regional guidelines) should next be evaluated to determine if they are candidates for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy. This should focus on assessment of concomitant valve disease and/or impaired renal function. In eligible patients, the cumulative data support a preference for NOACs over warfarin, as NOACs appear safer and more effective as a group. However, there are no direct, randomized comparisons between NOACs, and therefore, selecting among them can be difficult. In addition, important patient groups remain underrepresented in major clinical trials, and their management is often left to clinician judgment. Data from emerging clinical trials will help guide physicians; however, patient engagement in decisions regarding OAC management will remain vital to ensuring appropriate balance of risks and optimizing health outcomes.
Fast Marching Adaptive Sampling

A challenging problem for autonomous exploration is estimating the utility of future samples. In this paper, we consider the problem of placing observations over an initially unknown continuous cost field to find the least-cost path from a fixed start to a fixed goal position. We propose the adaptive sequential sampling algorithm FMEx to successively select observation locations that maximize the probability of improving the best path. FMEx evaluates a set of proposed observation locations using a novel fast marching update method and selects a location based on the probabilistic likelihood of improving the current best path. Simulated results show that FMEx finds lower-cost paths with fewer samples than random, maximum variance and confidence bound sampling. We also show results for sampling bathymetric data to find the best route for a submarine cable. In problems where sampling is expensive, FMEx selects observation locations that minimize the true path cost.
Rethinking imperialist theory and US imperialism in Latin America

In this paper we criticize contemporary theorizing about imperialism for its economic reductionism and a lack of class analysis and institutional specificity regarding the imperial state. In the context of this argument we establish the importance of class analysis for grasping the changing dynamics of imperial power before proceeding to argue how specific alignments of class forces in the world economy, in their interactions with existing imperial power configurations, is leading to a realignment of economic power in the world capitalist system that constitutes a major challenge for US imperialism in its Latin American operations. In the final section of the paper we point to the discontinuities and continuities in US imperial relations with Latin America, and the potentialities and constraints of these relations on economic growth and development
Keeping pace with water and wastewater rates

Keeping Pace with Water and Wastewater Rates Authors: Hannah Stratton, Heidi Fuchs, Yuting Chen, Camilla Dunham, Chun Chun Ni, and Alison A. Williams Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Efficiency Standards Group April 2017 This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under U.S. Department of Energy and under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The Relation Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Change in Older Latinos

Cognitive impairment in older Latinos is of concern due to the rapid growth of this population and their increased risk for dementia due to chronic disease. Evidence, primarily from studies of non-Latino Whites, suggests that physical activity (PA) may reduce cognitive decline. Few longitudinal studies have included older Latinos, objective measures of PA, or neurocognitive tests that assess domains of cognition. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between changes in PA and cognitive decline in older Latinos over an average of 5 years. Inclusion criteria for the baseline sample were age ≥50 years, Latino ethnicity (English or Spanish speaking), no ambulation disability, no evidence of dementia, and Chicago address. Of the 174 baseline participants, 59 (33.9%) participated at follow-up. PA was measured by questionnaire and accelerometer worn for 7 days. A battery of neurocognitive tests assessed episodic memory, perceptual speed, and semantic memory. Change in cognitive function was dichotomized to maintenance versus decline. Binary logistic regression results indicated that those who had less decline from baseline to follow-up in self-reported light PA maintained episodic memory, odds ratio ( OR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 1.32]), while those who had less decline in accelerometer moderate-vigorous bouts maintained semantic memory, OR = 16.08 (95% CI [1.53, 168.89]), controlling for baseline age, chronic health problems, depressive symptoms, and acculturation. These findings suggest that maintenance of PA with aging may prevent cognitive decline. This work can inform future intervention development that aims to maintain PA in order to prevent cognitive decline.
Yellowjacket (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Repellency by Natural Products of Paper Wasps and Avon's Skin-so-Soft©

Methyl palmitate and butyl palmitate, ant repellents first isolated from the sternal glands of paper wasps, were tested with a methyl ester homolog, methyl myristate, and Avon's Skin-So-Soft Bath O...
Comment on “Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis”

Discrepancies on the role of citrullination in the induction of experimental arthritis by neutrophils extracellular traps.
Are SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists more appropriate as a second-line therapy in type 2 diabetes?

More than 30 million people in the United States and a staggering 422 million people worldwide have diabetes mellitus [1,2]. Over 90% of these individuals have type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [1]. Guideline...
Symmetry Breaking and Sigma Commutators

In the context of broken chiral symmetry the sigma commutators, the evaluation of their matrix elements and the significance of the resulting magnitudes are discussed.
Attention Bias in Rumination and Depression: Cognitive Mechanisms and Brain Networks

Depressed individuals exhibit biased attention to negative emotional information. However, much remains unknown about (1) the neurocognitive mechanisms of attention bias (e.g., qualities of negative information that evoke attention bias, or functional brain network dynamics that may reflect a propensity for biased attention) and (2) distinctions in the types of attention bias related to different dimensions of depression (e.g., ruminative depression). Here, in 50 women, clinical depression was associated with facilitated processing of negative information only when such information was self-descriptive and task-relevant. However, among depressed individuals, trait rumination was associated with biases towards negative self-descriptive information regardless of task goals, especially when negative self-descriptive material was paired with self-referential images that should be ignored. Attention biases in ruminative depression were mediated by dynamic variability in frontoinsular resting-state functional connectivity. These findings highlight potential cognitive and functional network mechanisms of attention bias specifically related to the ruminative dimension of depression.
Systems of Pediatric Healthcare Delivery and the Social-Ecological Framework

Research continues to elucidate the finding that children’s functioning is composed of numerous interdependent influences such as physical and psychological health, and ecological contexts which are inextricably linked. However, our nation’s healthcare delivery system has not traditionally followed this framework in adequately addressing whole-person needs within a holistic framework. This care has often been fragmented (i.e., physical health providers functioning separately from behavioral health providers) and not coordinated among the numerous systems (e.g., family, school, healthcare) in which children interact. This chapter aims to highlight the importance of using a broader systems orientation and social-ecological framework in pediatric healthcare delivery.
Circularly polarized luminescence of Sm (III) and Eu (III) complexes with chiral ligand (R/S)‐BINAPO

Luminescent lanthanide (III) ions have been exploited for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) for decades. However, very few of these studies have involved chiral samarium (III) complexes. Complexes are prepared by mixing axial chiral ligands (R/S))-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAPO) with europium and samarium Tris (trifluoromethane sulfonate) (Eu (OTf)3 and Sm (OTf)3 ). Luminescence-based titration shows that the complex formed is Ln((R/S)-BINAPO)2 (OTf)3 , where Ln = Eu or Sm. The CPL spectra are reported for Eu((R/S)-BINAPO)2 (OTf)3 and Sm((R/S)-BINAPO)2 (OTf)3 . The sign of the dissymmetry factors, gem , was dependent upon the chirality of the BINAPO ligand, and the magnitudes were relatively large. Of all of the complexes in this study, Sm((S)-BINAPO)2 (OTf)3 has the largest gem = 0.272, which is one of the largest recorded for a chiral Sm3+ complex. A theoretical three-dimensional structural model of the complex that is consistent with the experimental observations is developed and refined. This report also shows that (R/S)-BINAPO are the only reported ligands where gem (Sm3+ ) > gem (Eu3+ ).