cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dodecagonal quasicrystalline order in a diblock copolymer melt

Abstract We report the discovery of a dodecagonal quasicrystalline state (DDQC) in a sphere (micelle) forming poly(isoprene-b-lactide) (IL) diblock copolymer melt, investigated as a function of time following rapid cooling from above the order–disorder transition temperature (TODT = 66 °C) using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Between TODT and the order–order transition temperature TOOT = 42 °C, an equilibrium body-centered cubic (BCC) structure forms, whereas below TOOT the Frank–Kasper σ phase is the stable morphology. At T < 40 °C the supercooled disordered state evolves into a metastable DDQC that transforms with time to the σ phase. The times required to form the DDQC and σ phases are strongly temperature dependent, requiring several hours and about 2 d at 35 °C and more than 10 and 200 d at 25 °C, respectively. Remarkably, the DDQC forms only from the supercooled disordered state, whereas the σ phase grows directly when the BCC phase is cooled below TOOT and vice versa upon heating. A transition in the rapidly supercooled disordered material, from an ergodic liquid-like arrangement of particles to a nonergodic soft glassy-like solid, occurs below ∼40 °C, coincident with the temperature associated with the formation of the DDQC. We speculate that this stiffening reflects the development of particle clusters with local tetrahedral or icosahedral symmetry that seed growth of the temporally transient DDQC state. This work highlights extraordinary opportunities to uncover the origins and stability of aperiodic order in condensed matter using model block polymers.
Cloning,expression and purification of two different fragments of the major surface antigen P30 derived from Toxoplasma gondii

The two fragments of the major surface antigen P30 derived from Toxoplasma gondii were cloned,expressed and purified,and the recombinant proteins thus obtained was used as antigens for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.According to the sequence of P30 gene of toxoplasma,these two fragments of P30gene were amplified from the genomic DNA of RH strain of T.gondii by PCR,and the corresponding T/A clones were constructed with these two fragments.Then,the fragments were sequenced,subcloned into plasmid pMAL-p2 and transformed into susceptible E.coli DH5αfor expression.The expressed proteins induced with IPTG were identified by Western blotting assay,and the identified proteins werepurified by affinity chromatography with amylose resin.The rabbit sera of pati ents with various parasitic diseases and the infected RH strain of rabbits as well as the serum of mice infected with malaria parasites were tested with crude and the purified recombinant antigen.The experimental results showed that the corresponding T/A clones and the sub-clone pMAL-p2 were successfully constructed,and the 73 and 70 ku protein fragments of P30 were expressed.This purified recombinant antigen could be used efficiently to detect the antibodies in sera of rabbits infected with T.gondii,showing a same sensitivity but higher specificity in comparison with those of the crude antigen.
Retinoid-induced differentiation regulates prostaglandin H synthase and cPLA2 expression in tracheal epithelium

Rat tracheal epithelial cells cultured in vitro at an air-liquid interface can differentiate into a mucociliary or squamous phenotype depending on the presence or absence of retinoic acid (RA). The airway epithelium is known to produce a number of eicosanoids. We propose that eicosanoid biosynthesis is dependent on the differentiation status of the epithelium. Therefore, prostaglandin production and the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and the prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) isoforms were investigated during differentiation to these two phenotypes. The major eicosanoid produced by both phenotypes was prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Proliferating undifferentiated cultures produced low levels of PGE2 regardless of retinoid status. Differentiated mucociliary cultures produced high levels of PGE2 (50 ng/10(6) cells), whereas differentiated squamous cultures produced low levels of PGE2 (< 5 ng/10(6) cells). Mucociliary cultures expressed high levels of cPLA2 and PGHS-2 isoform mRNA and protein. In contrast squamous cultures expressed very low levels of cPLA2 and PGHS-2 transcript and protein. The PGHS-1 isoform was expressed in squamous but not in mucociliary cultures. We investigated changes in expression of these enzymes during retinoid treatment of established squamous cultures. Treatment with RA resulted in a rapid (24 h) downregulation of PGHS-1 mRNA expression. However, the cPLA2 and PGHS-2 genes were expressed in squamous cultures only after 3 days of RA treatment coincident with redifferentiation of the culture to a mucociliary phenotype. These studies reveal that retinoid-induced differentiation of airway epithelium into either a mucociliary or squamous phenotype results in profound changes in the expression of cPLA2 and PGHS isozymes that regulate prostaglandin formation.
Víctor Montejo and the Maya Perspective: Framing New Kinds of Indigenous Autorepresentations

ABSTRACTIn “Victor Montejo and the Maya Perspective: Framing New Kinds of Indigenous Autorepresentations,” Arturo Arias returns to Montejo's Testimony: Death of a Guatemalan Village (1987) to read the text by the Jakaltek Maya author and scholar not as a testimonio but rather as an “autorepresentation.” Arias argues that Indigenous autorepresentations differ from autobiographies or Eurocentric autorepresentations of an individual self and analyzes Montejo's Testimony as an emblematic Indigenous autorepresentation—one that represents a subject struggling to gain agency to construct his subjectivity by distancing himself somewhat from his community.
Statistical Approaches for the Study of Cognitive and Brain Aging.

Neuroimaging studies of cognitive and brain aging often yield massive datasets that create many analytic and statistical challenges. In this paper, we discuss and address several limitations in the existing work. 1) Linear models are often used to model the age effects on neuroimaging markers, which are inadequate in capturing the potential nonlinear age trends. 2) Marginal correlations are often used in brain network analysis, which are not efficient in characterizing a complex brain network. 3) Due to the challenge of high- dimensionality, only a small subset of the regional neuroimaging markers is considered in a prediction model, which could miss important regional markers. To overcome those obstacles, we introduce several advanced statistical methods for analyzing data from cognitive and brain aging studies. Specifically, we introduce semiparametric models for modeling the age effects, graphical models for brain network analysis, and penalized regression methods for selecting the most important markers in predicting cognitive outcomes. We illustrate these methods using the healthy aging data from the Active Brain Study.
Passive Transtibial Prosthesis and Associated Prosthetic Components

The foundation to the evolution pathways of the transtibial prosthesis is the passive prosthesis. The origins of the passive prosthesis date on the scale of centuries prior to current. Although a passive prosthesis is not in general capable of providing elastic or mechanized energy to the terminal aspects of stance phase of gait, there are still reasons for why the passive prosthesis is still currently implemented. Passive prostheses serve as robust alternatives in challenging environmental settings, and they constitute a feasible contingency for developing countries. Regardless of the specific class of transtibial prosthesis, there exist associated prosthetic components, such as a socket, liner, and pylon. The socket represents the interface between the prosthesis and the residual limb. Between the socket and residual limb exists a liner that generally consists of an energy absorbing medium. The socket and liner are critical for properly fitting the prosthesis to the unique and specific requirements of a person with an amputation. Between the socket and ankle-foot assembly resides the pylon. The pylon generally enables structural support through conventional metallic materials. Recently, geographically localized materials, such as bamboo, have been incorporated as pylons. The foundations of the passive prosthesis, such as the Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel (SACH), provide a significant perspective for the design evolution of the prosthetic technology. A comprehension of the utility of the socket, liner, and pylon enable a synergistic prosthetic design.
Abstract 2711: Spatiotemporal progression patterns in metastatic lung cancer treated with bevacizumab

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA We describe a Markov chain mathematical model of lung cancer progression based on a longitudinal dataset of 722 lung cancer patients. Specifically, we investigate the patterns of metastatic spread in lung cancer and how the VEGF inhibitor, bevacizumab, alters these metastatic patterns. Stochastic models were used to simulate metastatic spread by means of random walk processes on directed graphs. We created spatiotemporal diagrams of cancer progression to analyze the differences between patients treated and not treated with bevacizumab. Patients with squamous lung cancer or brain metastases at baseline were ineligible for bevacizumab and excluded from analysis. Our results demonstrated that not only does bevacizumab extend survival, but it also alters patterns of metastatic spread. Patients treated with bevacizumab were characterized by greater heterogeneity in their pathways of metastatic progression, compared to those patients not treated with bevacizumab, which showed more homogeneity in their pathways. Furthermore, we quantify this spread and characterize metastatic sites as ‘spreaders’ and ‘sponges’ based on their probability of spreading the disease. Citation Format: Jeremy M. Mason, Paul K. Newton, Gino K. In, Sonia Lin, Peter Kuhn, Jorge J. Nieva. Spatiotemporal progression patterns in metastatic lung cancer treated with bevacizumab. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2711.
Recent advances on nano delivery of Helix mucus pharmacologically active components

Bioactive products from snail slime of “Helix” specie have potential applications in preventing and/or treating several human diseases and in cancer diagnosis. However, the poor pharmacokinetics characteristics of these natural compounds limit their use. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for the enhanced formulation of these molecules through the synthesis of nanosized drug delivery systems. These vectors are characterized by facilitated transport across the biological barriers, enhanced bioavailability, targeted delivery and the capacity to protect sensitive compounds from biological and environmental degradation. Overall, this review focus on the description of bioactive natural substances derived from snails belonging to the genus helix and their successfully combinations with nanosized vectors.
Combating Racial Health Disparities through Medical Education: The Need for Anthropological and Genetic Perspectives in Medical Training

Despite major public health initiatives, significant disparities persist among racially and ethnically defined groups in the prevalence of disease, access to medical care, quality of medical care, and health outcomes for common causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is critical that we develop new and creative strategies to address such inequities; mitigate the social, environmental, institutional, and genetic determinants of poor health; and combat the persistence of racial profiling in clinical contexts that further exacerbates racial/ethnic health disparities. This article argues that medical education is a prime target for intervention and that anthropologists and human population geneticists should play a role in efforts to reform US medical curricula. Medical education would benefit greatly by incorporating anthropological and genetic perspectives on the complexities of race, human genetic variation, epigenetics, and the causes of racial/ethnic disparities. Medical students and practicing physicians should also receive training on how to use this knowledge to improve clinical practice, diagnosis, and treatment for racially diverse populations.
INHIBITORY SUBSTANCES IN HUMAN MILK1

An extremely high incidence of antibiotic or antibiotic-like inhibitory substances in 158 human milk samples is reported. Employing the disc assay method as recommended for cows' milk, 97% of the samples were found to be positive for inhibitory substances, and 46% positive for penicillin. The method may not be suitable for human milk because of naturally occurring (interfering) inhibitory substances. The possibility of the presence of dietary antibiotics should not be ruled out, however, this subject was not pursued further.
Functions of long intergenic non-coding (linc) RNAs in plants

Whole transcriptome analyses in many organisms have revealed that most transcribed RNAs do not encode proteins. These non-coding RNAs likely contribute to the regulation of gene expression during the development of multicellular organisms. In eukaryotes, the roles of small RNAs, one class of non-coding RNAs, in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have been well characterized. However, the functions of a second class of non-coding RNAs, long intergenic noncoding (linc) RNAs, are relatively unknown, especially in plants. Recent advances in RNA-seq and tiling microarray technologies have revealed the presence of many lincRNAs across plant species. This review focuses on the functions of lincRNAs that have been recently reported in plants. One of the most well characterized functions of lincRNAs is to epigenetically regulate gene expression by recruiting proteins for chromosome modification to specific loci. Second, lincRNAs are known to inhibit the physical interaction between microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target mRNAs thus controling protein levels of the target mRNAs. Lastly, lincRNAs control alternative splicing by binding and sequestering the proteins required for alternative splicing.
Influence of high loading of cellulose nanocrystals in polyacrylonitrile composite films

Polyacrylonitrile-co-methacrylic acid (PAN-co-MAA) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite films were produced with up to 40 wt% CNC loading through the solution casting method. The rheological properties of the solution/suspensions and the structural, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting films were investigated. The viscosity of the composite suspensions increased with higher CNC loadings and with longer aging times. PAN-co-MAA/CNC films maintained a similar level of optical transparency even with up to 40 wt% CNC loading. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 92 to 118 °C, and the composites had higher thermal stability below 350 °C compared to both neat PAN-co-MAA and neat CNC. The mechanical properties also increased with higher CNC loadings, elastic modulus increased from 2.2 to 3.7 GPa, tensile strength increased from 75 to 132 MPa, and the storage modulus increased from 3.9 to 10.5 GPa. Using the Kelly and Tyson model the interfacial shear strength between the PAN-co-MAA and CNC was calculated to be 27 MPa.
Transition from molecular diffusion to natural circulation mode air-ingress in high temperature helium loop

Abstract High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) have significantly robust passive heat removal capabilities owing largely to conduction and radiation heat transfer through graphite-fuel matrix and reactor vessel wall respectively. However, these capabilities may be significantly impacted if air was to replace Helium in the high temperature graphite under accident scenarios. In case of break in the coolant system high pressure Helium will escape into the reactor cavity leading to depressurization of the reactor. This will allow air from reactor cavity to enter the plenum or core of HTGRs via different mechanisms – diffusion, gravity currents, or natural circulation. Experimental studies were conducted in a geometrically scaled set-up with a shape of small English letter ‘h’, to depict the role of upper plenum in this process. Main focus of these studies was to understand and observe the transition time from diffusion to natural circulation. Thermal camera is used to identify this transition and flow transducer is used to measure the flow rates. The experimental results on incipience time of natural convection after a chamber pre-filled with Helium is opened to atmosphere are qualitatively similar to observations reported in literature using ‘inverse U’ shaped experimental setup, but also show distinct quantitative effect of extended leg on the transition times. Prior to onset of natural circulation (ONC), molecular diffusion plays the significant role in air-ingress. However, at higher temperatures convection currents may be influencing air ingress and in-turn ONC times.
Data Management in a Regulatory Context.

With the implementation of Article 57(2) in 2012 the EMA embarked on a digitalization journey that foreseeably would ensure greater product oversight and interoperability across the community. This initiative has subsequently led to additional focus from the agency with respects to the utilization and harmonization of data as part of the regulatory process. Driven by both internal and external factors the EMA have through the EU telematics strategy laid the foundation for the regulatory driven services that may be expected from the community the coming years. Supported by standardisation initiatives (e.g. ISO IDMP) the EMA is gradually building an information management driven approach to data utilization and exploitation within drug evaluation and approval. Primarily driven by the increasing demand for signal detection the EMA is additionally hoping to leverage the establishment of defined information models and supporting controlled terms to safeguard future activities within the community. Collectively the overall community may seek to gain from the overall digitalization roadmap proposed by the EMA and interesting opportunities may be sought as part of the transition. Already now pharmaceutical companies are gradually adapting to this new paradigm and actively seeking to explore how they may leverage the future EMA operating model to serve internal business requirements. If successful, the collective efforts from industry and regulators may lead to an unprecedented product oversight and offer regulators the opportunity to proactively drive corrective actions and therefore improve patient safety.
Quantification of gabapentin polymorphs in gabapentin/excipient mixtures using solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.

Abstract Gabapentin was used as a model pharmaceutical compound with susceptibility to polymorphic transformation as a function of environmental and mechanical stress. The utility of 13 C CP/MAS NMR and XRPD as stability-indicating methods to quantify polymorphic transformation kinetics was investigated. Polymorphic Form II and III were distinguishable based on their chemical shift and distinct diffraction peak differences. Reproducible and accurate quantification of polymorphic composition in the presence of selected excipients was demonstrated using both signals from 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra and XRPD patterns. The effect of excipients on polymorphic transformations (Form II → III) was determined by measuring the transformation after co-milling. Both 13 C CP/MAS NMR and XRPD were capable of measuring polymorphic composition in co-milled excipient mixtures without excipient peak interference. The amounts of Form III present in co-milled mixtures containing colloidal silicon dioxide, starch, hydroxy propyl cellulose and dibasic calcium phosphate were 8.7, 21, 33, and 39 mol%, respectively. A quenching procedure for obtaining 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra and environmentally-controlled XRPD were devised to determine polymorphic transformation kinetics of co-milled excipient mixtures during storage.
Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Children of Incarcerated Parents

This paper explores children's trauma symptoms related to parental incarceration and lays the groundwork for the implementation of Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) within a clinical community-based setting treating children and adolescents affected by parental incarceration. Children and adolescents who experience parental incarceration are more likely to develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): depression, anger, aggression, and isolating and self-harming behaviors. Although parental incarceration is a known source of trauma, there are no documented studies examining effective clinical treatments to reduce the effects of the trauma experienced by these children and adolescents. Except for children and adolescents affected by parental incarceration, TF-CBT, a promising model for treating and reducing the symptoms of PTSD, has been successfully applied to various populations affected by trauma. Children of incarcerated parents resemble populations treated with TF-CBT in earlier applications. In this paper, we present a case illustration that examines the application of TF-CBT with one child who experienced trauma symptoms related to parental incarceration, while discussing the results of that application and the potential for broader applicability of TF-CBT within community-based organizations that treat the population of children and families affected by parental incarceration.
Nanocomposite polymer layers for molecular tribology

We discuss a novel strategy for the formation of elastomeric boundary lubrication coatings from block copolymers grafted to a reactive interface of a silicon substrate. We demonstrate molecularly thick thermoplastic elastomeric films with promising microtribological properties. These films are composed of an elastomeric rubber phase reinforced by the net of glassy nanodomains. These elastomeric layers are extremely wear resistant under shear stresses due to the unique combination of a chemically grafted elastic matrix capable of tremendous reversible deformation (500–1000%) stabilized by a chemically interconnected nanodomain net.
10.4 – Biomineralization

Biomineralization is the process by which living forms influence the precipitation of mineral materials. The process creates heterogeneous accumulations, composites composed of biologic (or organic) and inorganic compounds, with nonhomogeneous distributions that reflect the environment in which they form. It is only with the advent of more sensitive, higher-resolution techniques that we can identify the exact mineral components, and appreciate the precision and control life-form exercise on their mineralized structures, and the potential that their formation and evolution are responses to the environment and climatic or any other pervasive geochemical changes.
Defense of Rawls: Response to Brock

Cosmopolitans like Gillian Brock, Charles Beitz, and Thomas Pogge argue that the principles of justice selected and arranged in lexical priority in Rawls’ first original position would—and should for the same reasons as in the first—also be selected in the second original position. After all, the argument goes, what reasons other than morally arbitrary ones do we have for selecting a second set of principles? A different, though undoubtedly related, point of contention is the cosmopolitan charge (most famously, made by Pogge) that Rawls fails to consider the unfavorable conditions that owe themselves to global factors. Perhaps there was a time when interconnectedness and interdependency between states was not a factor; but in the current global order, this certainly is not the case. While this paper will address other related cosmopolitan concerns mentioned in Brock’s work, it is these two points that are perhaps the two biggest threats to the Rawlsian project and, as such, it is these two points that will be the primary focus of this paper.
Reduction of sodium-accelerated oxidation of silicon nitride ceramics by aluminium implantation

Norton NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramics were implanted with sodium to a dose of 7.0×1015cm-2 at 72 keV (1 at% peak sodium content at 100 nm). The sodium-implanted samples were further implanted with aluminium to 7.3×1015cm-2 at 87 keV (1 at% peak aluminium content at 100 nm). The implanted and unimplanted samples were oxidized in 1 atm dry oxygen at 1100 and 1300°C for 2–6 h. Profilometry and scanning electron microscopy measurements indicated that sodium implantation led to up to a two-fold increase in the oxidation rate of silicon nitride. The sodium effect was effectively neutralized when aluminium was co-implanted. The opposite effects of sodium and aluminium on the oxidation resistance of silicon nitride can be attributed to their different roles in modifying the structure and properties of the oxide formed.
Patterns of Single and Multiple Tobacco Product Use Among US Women of Reproductive Age.

Introduction Understanding patterns of single and multiple tobacco product use among reproductive-aged women is critical given the potential for adverse health effects on mother and infant should a woman become pregnant. Methods Patterns of tobacco use over a 2-year period were examined among all women (18-44 years) who completed wave 1 (W1) and wave 2 (W2) of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH, 2013-2014, 2014-2015) Study. We examined the most common patterns of single and multiple tobacco product use in W1, and longitudinal trajectories of women engaged in each of these patterns of use from W1 to W2, among women not pregnant in either wave (n = 7480), not pregnant in W1 and pregnant in W2 (n = 332), and pregnant in W1 and not pregnant in W2 (n = 325). Results The most prevalent patterns of tobacco use in W1 among all three subgroups were using cigarettes alone followed by using cigarettes plus e-cigarettes. In all three subgroups, women using multiple products in W1 were more likely to adopt new use patterns in W2 relative to single-product users, with the new patterns generally involving dropping rather than adding products. The majority of multiple product use included cigarettes, and transitions to single product use typically involved dropping the noncigarette product. The most common trajectory among tobacco users transitioning to or from pregnancy was to use cigarettes alone in W2. Discussion This study contributes new knowledge characterizing tobacco use patterns across time and reproductive events among reproductive-aged women.
Neighborhood language isolation and depressive symptoms among elderly U.S. Latinos.

Abstract Purpose Neighborhood segregation related to cultural factors, such as language use, may influence elderly Latino depression. We examined the association between neighborhood-level Spanish language segregation and individual depressive symptoms among elderly Latinos. Methods We linked U.S. Census language use data with geocoded population-based data from 1789 elderly Latinos (mean age = 70.6 years) participating in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998–2008). Neighborhood language segregation was measured with the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, which demonstrates the extent to which residents are concentrated at extremes of deprivation and privilege. We fit two-level generalized linear-mixed models with random intercepts for census tracts to quantify the association between neighborhood-level language segregation and depressive symptoms, adjusting for identified confounders. Results After adjusting for age, sex, and nativity, residents of highly segregated Spanish-speaking neighborhoods had more depressive symptoms than those in highly segregated English-only-speaking neighborhoods (β = −4.410; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.851 to −1.970). This association was largely attenuated upon adjustment for individual-level education (β = −2.119; 95% CI = −4.650 to 0.413). Conclusions Linguistically segregated communities may benefit from targeted outreach given the high depression prevalence in these neighborhoods. Furthermore, our findings suggest that limited access to fundamental social protections, such as education, may drive the segregation-depression association among U.S. Latinos.
Intersectionality and Sizeism: Implications for Mental Health Practitioners

The lived experiences of fat women are impacted by the intersections of weight with other identities, including race, social class, age, disability, and sexual minority status. Here I review the ex...
Proportion of US Hospitalized Medically Ill Patients Who May Qualify for Extended Thromboprophylaxis.

Extended thromboprophylaxis with oral anticoagulation can reduce the risk of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in high-risk patients. We sought to estimate the proportion of medically ill patients in the United States who might qualify for extended thromboprophylaxis according to the criteria used in the Medically-Ill Patient Assessment of Rivaroxaban versus Placebo in Reducing Post-Discharge Venous ThromboEmbolism Risk (MARINER) trial. We analyzed 2014 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data that provide a 20% weighted annual sample of all discharges from US acute-care hospitals. Hospitalizations for acute medically ill patients were identified as those with a primary discharge diagnosis code for heart or respiratory failure, ischemic stroke, infection, or inflammatory diseases. Patients were excluded if they were 35-days, or were contraindicated to nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants. The modified International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE)-VTE score was used to stratify patients' risk for postdischarge VTE, with a score of 2 to 3 suggesting patients were at moderate- and ≥4 as high-risk. Of the 35 358 810 hospitalizations in the 2014 NIS, 1 849 535 were medically ill patients admitted for heart failure (10.1%), respiratory failure (12.2%), ischemic stroke (8.8%), infection (58.5%), or inflammatory diseases (10.4%). The modified IMPROVE-VTE score classified 1 186 475 (64.1%) of these hospitalizations as occurring in moderate-risk and 407 095 (22.0%) in high-risk patients. This real-world study suggests a substantial proportion of acute medically ill patients might benefit from extended thromboprophylaxis using the modified IMPROVE-VTE score and clinical elements of the MARINER trial.
Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study.

Abstract Background Data demonstrate a positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular health (CVH). Objective To assess the association between individual- and neighborhood-level SES and CVH among participants of the JHS (Jackson Heart Study), a community-based cohort of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. Methods We included all JHS participants with complete SES and CVH information at the baseline study visit (n = 3,667). We characterized individual- and neighborhood-level SES according to income (primary analysis) and education (secondary analysis), respectively. The outcome of interest for these analyses was a CVH score, based on 7 modifiable behaviors and factors, summed to a total of 0 (worst) to 14 (best) points. We utilized generalized estimating equations to account for the clustering of participants within the same residential areas to estimate the linear association between SES and CVH. Results The median age of the participants was 55 years, and 64% were women. Nearly one-third of eligible participants had individual incomes Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential causal pathway for disparities in CVH among vulnerable populations. These data can be useful to the JHS community to empower public health and clinical interventions and policies for the improvement of CVH.
Secure Determinant Codes: A Class of Secure Exact-Repair Regenerating Codes

1 We present a construction for exact-repair regenerating codes with an information-theoretic secrecy guarantee against an eavesdropper with access to the content of (up to) l nodes. The proposed construction works for the entire range of per-node storage and repair bandwidth for any distributed storage system with parameters (n, k = d, d, l), aiming to maximize the size of the file that can be securely stored in the system. We provide an upper bound for the optimum trade-off for secure exact-repair regenerating codes.
Transvaginal Laparoscopic Resection of Large Abdominal Mass

Video Objective To demonstrate transvaginal laparoscopic removal of 22 cm adnexal mass. Setting 60 year old woman with 22 cm mass. Interventions transvaginal laparoscopic hysterectomy and bso with drainage and removal of large mass. Conclusion this is a safe alternative to transabdominal laparoscopy resulting in less pain, quicker recovery and better cosmesis.
Modeling and Circuit Design of Associative Memories With Spin–Orbit Torque FETs

This article introduces a circuits model for a proposed spin-based device called a spin–orbit torque field-effect transistor (SOTFET) that can operate as a nonvolatile memory and logic device. The SOTFET utilizes an FET structure with a ferromagnetic-multiferroic (MF) gate-stack that enables read/compute and write functions to be isolated. This is achieved by a combination of a ferromagnetic layer that is programmable via spin–orbit torque coupled to an MF layer that also couples into the gate of a traditional FET. Additionally, this device has logic gate-like behavior and can be designed to operate in either AND or OR gate mode. We begin with a physics-based model of this device and derive a SPICE level model that can be integrated into the Cadence toolset. Using such a device we demonstrate MRAM, content addressable memories (CAM), and ternary CAM (TCAM) functionality with 3 to 5 transistors, a significant decrease over the CMOS alternative circuits, showing that such a device can enable low cost and compact associative memories not currently feasible with CMOS devices.
Inpatient Pain Management

Inpatient pain medicine has become of interest within the past few years especially with the current opioid epidemic we are facing in the United States. Unfortunately not every hospital in the United States is able to designate a team to manage patients that have a preexisting condition of chronic pain that may come into the hospital for a variety of issues that may not even be related to their pain. When chronic pain patients do get admitted into a hospital setting, it does pose a challenge for providers that may be inexperienced in treating these patients along with their “high doses” of opioid-based medications to control their pain. With the current healthcare environment and recent CDC guidelines posted for opioid management, it has created a significant frenzy among providers and how to best serve this patient population. While keeping opioid medications as part of the toolbox, we must be able to integrate a full multimodal pain treatment regimen to obtain the best outcome possible for the patient not only during their hospitalization but also as they are discharged and transition back into their normal way of life.
Management of Traumatic Uterine Rupture in Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A 27-year-old female with an 18-week pregnancy was involved in a high impact motor vehicle accident due to which she suffered a uterine rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. Traumatic uterine rupture may result from blunt abdominal traumas such as those that occur during motor vehicle accidents. Prompt diagnosis is necessary to treat this complication given its quick onset and progression, and prevent potential life-threatening complications to mother and fetus. Here, we present a unique case of uterine rupture that was surgically repaired, allowing for the continuation of pregnancy.
UX design in online catalogs: Practical issues with implementing traditional knowledge (TK) labels

At the center of the evolving debates of open access and intellectual property in memory institutions is a long history of excluding Indigenous Peoples from conversations concerning the access and use rights to their belongings. In recent decades many memory institutions challenged prevalent historical and current classifications of Indigenous Peoples in online catalog records. Most recently the Library of Congress (LC) adopted a new cataloging practice called Traditional Knowledge (TK) labeling as a way to return control over access and use of Indigenous materials to their rightful Indigenous owners. The advent of this emergent digital rights tool disrupts previously held assumptions about the purpose of rights statements in catalog records as well as challenges the existing balance between the rights of Indigenous communities and the interests of public access. The adoption of TK Labels in the LC’s “Ancestral Voices” digital collection brings serious practical implementation issues to light that deserve further consideration before memory institutions invest in this new digital access rights metadata standard. Although TK Labels are a technological opportunity that provide more space for community-based relationships within memory institutions, this paper suggests that the practical implementation of TK Labels in Ancestral Voices falls short of its promise to return authority to the Passamaquoddy people. Rather, TK Labels raise more logistical and technical questions about the effectiveness of the TK labeling framework and purpose of re-cataloging records describing Indigenous materials.
Managing Transition of Care in Adolescent Females with Epilepsy

Transition of care from pediatric epilepsy clinics to adult health care is often a challenging process, especially due to limited availability of relevant guidelines. It carries even more significant implications in specific population subsets such as adolescent females, given a myriad of physiological as well as psychosocial changes seen in this age group. Women with epilepsy face distinct challenges because of hormonal variations on seizures (catamenial epilepsy). Furthermore, seizures and antiepileptic drugs impact menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation. These patients are at a higher risk for developing mental health problems, and a close follow-up with appropriate screening for psychiatric disorders is prudent. Several factors contributing to poor transition of care include limited availability of a multidisciplinary set-up and social-support services, delayed referral to specialist(s), and tendency for treatment nonadherence. In this review, we discuss the current scenario of transition of care in adolescent females with epilepsy and explore avenues for improvement based on our subspecialty clinic experiences. We illustrate the value of interdisciplinary care proactively involving neurologists/epileptologists, primary care physicians, obstetricians–gynecologists, and relevant social services and emphasize shared decision-making, effective contraceptive methods, preconceptual counseling, maintenance of bone-health, and enhanced quality of life.
Development of a Hybrid Energy Management Solution for an Outdoor Trail Camera

This article describes the design of an energy management system for a stand-alone cellular-connected outdoor trail camera that can operate without a power grid connection for a long duration. The primary focus of the study is to increase the operational lifetime of the system while decreasing human interference and the demand for maintenance, thereby enhancing the user experience. This is achieved by actively hybridizing three different battery types and a charging circuit supplied by a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel to harvest additional energy. This article investigates different user types and energy requirements for a hunting application. Considering the heterogeneous energy demand and cost requirements of the different user types, the battery energy storage, and PV system size are flexibly adjusted to satisfy the demand of the different types of users. While the proposed energy management circuit comes with an incremental cost increase to the trail camera, it provides essential functionality that will sustain stand-alone operation for a total five years with at most eight maintenance visits, decreasing the maintenance demand of the camera considerably.
Shifts in behavioral allocation patterns as a natural recovery mechanism: Postresolution expenditure patterns.

BACKGROUND Behavioral economics predicts that recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder involves shifts in resource allocation away from drinking, toward valuable nondrinking rewards that reinforce and stabilize recovery behavior patterns. Further, these shifts should distinguish nonproblem drinking (moderation) outcomes from outcomes involving abstinence or relapse. To evaluate these hypotheses, 5 prospective studies of recent natural recovery attempts were integrated to examine changes in monetary spending during the year following the initial cessation of heavy drinking as a function of 1-year drinking outcomes. METHODS Problem drinkers from Southeastern U.S. communities (N = 493, 67% male, 65% white, mean age = 46.5 years) were enrolled soon after stopping heavy drinking without treatment and followed prospectively for a year. An expanded Timeline Followback interview assessed daily drinking and monetary spending on alcohol and nondrinking commodities during the year before and after recovery initiation. RESULTS Longitudinal associations between postresolution drinking and spending were evaluated using MPlus v.8. Initial models evaluated whether changes in spending at 4-month intervals predicted drinking outcomes at 1 year and showed significant associations in 6 commodity categories (alcohol, consumable goods, gifts, entertainment, financial/legal affairs, housing/durable goods/insurance; ps < 0.05). Cross-lagged models showed that the moderation outcome group shifted spending mid-year to obtain large rewards with enduring benefits (e.g., housing), whereas the abstinent and relapsed groups spent less overall and purchased smaller rewards (e.g., consumable goods, entertainment, and gifts) throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in monetary allocation occurred during the postresolution year. As hypothesized, compared to the groups who abstained or relapsed, the moderation group shifted spending in ways that, overall, yielded higher value alcohol-free reinforcement that should reinforce recovery while they enjoyed some limited nonproblem drinking below heavy drinking thresholds. These findings add to evidence that moderation entails different behavioral regulation processes than abstinent and relapse outcomes, which were more similar to one another.
Social-Ecological Institutional Fit in Volunteer-Based Organizations: A Study of Lake Management Organizations in Vilas County, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

How do the social and ecological attributes of social-ecological systems enable outcomes of those systems? The high concentration of lake organizations in northern USA enables us to study social, institutional, and ecological attributes that correlate with performance of common pool resource governance—institutional fit. In the summer of 2019, we performed an in-depth comparative study of thirty-one lake organizations in Vilas County, Wisconsin using data collected through semi-structured interviews, websites, and agency databases. We systematically compared the cases using crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis, specifically analyzing how the eight Ostrom institutional design principles lead to different outcomes for the lake social-ecological systems. The Ostrom institutional design principles played an important role in SES governance outcomes where there was low-resource dependence. We found that different combinations of design principles, social, and ecological conditions led to the same lake SES outcomes—equifinality. Although we expected that there were no panaceas for lake governance, we were surprised by the high diversity in organizational goals and the relative low diversity of rules in use.
Exposure to e-cigarette content on social media and e-cigarette use: An ecological momentary assessment study

Abstract This pilot ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study tested the associations between exposure to anti-e-cigarette content on social media and e-cigarette use behavior. For exposure to anti-e-cigarette posts, participants were asked to follow the study account on Instagram, on which anti-e-cigarette content were posted regularly. In addition, we assessed participants’ exposure to pro-e-cigarette content in their daily lives and examined the effects of such exposure on behavior. Participants were 29 diverse young adult current e-cigarette users (18–30 year olds; 54% women), who provided data 3 times daily, for 3 weeks via a mobile phone based EMA application. Relative to no exposure, exposure to anti-e-cigarette content was associated with decreased recent e-cigarette use frequency at the next assessment time-point (p
Safety, Feasibility, and Outcomes of Frequent, Long-Duration Rehabilitation in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility after Prolonged Hospitalization for Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study.

OBJECTIVE he objective of this study was to evaluate safety, feasibility, and outcomes of 30 patients within an inpatient rehabilitation facility following hospitalization for severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. METHODS This was an observational study of 30 patients (ages 26-80 years) within a large, metropolitan, academic hospital following hospitalization for complications from severe COVID-19. Ninety percent of the participants required critical care, and 83% required mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization. Within an inpatient rehabilitation facility and model of care, frequent, long-duration rehabilitation was provided by occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech language pathologists. RESULTS The average inpatient rehabilitation facility length of stay was 11 days (ranging from 4-22 days). Patients averaged 165 min/d (ranging from 140-205 minutes) total of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Twenty-eight of the 30 patients (93%) were discharged to the community. One patient required readmission from an inpatient rehabilitation facility to an acute hospital. All 30 patients improved their functional status with inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSION In this cohort of 30 patients, inpatient rehabilitation after severe COVID-19 was safe and feasible. Patients were able to participate in frequent, long-duration rehabilitation with nearly all patients discharging to the community. Clinically, inpatient rehabilitation should be considered for patients with functional limitations following severe COVID-19. Given 90% of our cohort required critical care, future studies should investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation following hospitalization for critical illness. Frequent, long-duration rehabilitation shows promising potential to address functional impairments following hospitalization for severe COVID-19. IMPACT Inpatient rehabilitation facilities should be considered as a discharge location for hospitalized survivors of COVID-19, especially severe COVID-19, with functional limitations precluding community discharge. Clinicians and administrators should consider inpatient rehabilitation and inpatient rehabilitation facilities to address the rehabilitation needs of COVID-19 and critical illness survivors.
Mussolini’s Four Would-be Assassins: Emergency Politics and the Consolidation of Fascist Power

Between 4 November 1925 and 31 October 1926, Tito Zaniboni, Violet Gibson, Gino Lucetti, and Anteo Zamboni all tried and failed to kill Benito Mussolini. The significance of these attempts on Musso...