cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empirical Closed-Form Analysis for Inductance and Coupling Coefficient Calculation for Ferrite-Based Matched Inductive Charging Systems

Knowledge of the self-inductance and coupling coefficients of coils used in inductive wireless charging systems is essential for system level optimization and design of power electronic circuits. The traditional approach for computing these inductances relies on FEM simulations. Depending on the size of the design search space, this tends to be a computationally intensive approach. This paper presents a framework for performing empirical analyses on ferrite based coil designs. Approximate close-form expressions for commonly used coil designs, namely the rectangular and DD coils are developed. Four basic degrees of freedom are taken into consideration - the coil length and width, the copper area fill factor and the air gap between the coils in a matched system. The closed form inductance expressions presented in this paper match the corresponding FEM results and achieve an RMS error of less than 3% over the chosen design space.
Observation of Reduced Homeostatic Metabolic Activity and/or Coupling in White Matter Aging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transvascular water exchange plays a key role in the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In white matter (WM), a variety of imaging modalities have demonstrated age-related changes in structure and metabolism, but the extent to which water exchange is altered remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cumulative effects of healthy aging on WM capillary water exchange. METHODS A total of 38 healthy adults (aged 36-80 years) were studied using 7T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Blood volume fraction (vb ) and capillary water efflux rate constant (kpo ) were determined by fitting changes in the 1 H2 O longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1 ) during contrast agent bolus passage to a two-compartment exchange model. WM volume was determined by morphometric analysis of structural images. RESULTS R1 values and WM volume showed similar trajectories of age-related decline. Among all subjects, vb and kpo averaged 1.7 (±0.5) mL/100 g of tissue and 2.1 (±1.1) s-1 , respectively. While vb showed minimal changes over the 40-year-age span of participants, kpo declined 0.06 s-1 (ca. 3%) per year (r = -.66; P < .0005), from near 4 s-1 at age 30 to ca. 2 s-1 at age 70. The association remained significant after controlling for WM volume. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have shown that kpo tracks Na+ , K+ -ATPase activity-dependent water exchange at the BBB and likely reflects neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) coupled metabolic activity. The age-related decline in kpo observed here is consistent with compromised NGVU metabolism in older individuals and the dysregulated cellular bioenergetics that accompany normal brain aging.
Properties of Two New M31 Dwarf Spheroidal Companions from Keck Imaging

We have obtained images in V and I of the newly discovered Local Group dwarf galaxies Pegasus dSph and Cassiopeia dSph and their surrounding field using the Keck 10 m telescope and Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrograph. The first stellar luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams are presented for stars with V25 and I24. The distances to the new dwarfs are estimated from the apparent I magnitude of the tip of the red giant branch to be DMW(Peg dSph) = 830?80 kpc and DMW(Cas dSph) = 760?70 kpc, which are consistent with their belonging to the extended M31 satellite system. Both galaxies are dwarf spheroidals (dSph's) with red giant branch morphologies indicating predominantly old stellar populations and estimated mean metallicities, [Fe/H], of -1.3?0.3 for Peg dSph and -1.4?0.3 for Cas dSph. Their central surface brightness-[Fe/H]-absolute magnitude relationship follows that of other Local Group dSph, dwarf elliptical, and dwarf irregular galaxies. In contrast to four out of nine Milky Way dSph's (the four that lie beyond D=100 kpc), none of the six known M31 dSph's appear to have a dominant intermediate-age population.
Feeding the world: Brazil’s transformation into a modern agricultural economy: by Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, xvii + 444 pp., index, £24.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781108460972

In the 1950s Brazil’s rural economy appeared hobbled by large and inefficient estates, slow technological development, and low levels of investment. In Feeding the World Herbert Klein and Francisco...
The Relationship between Absences and Passing Tests for Students with and without Specific Learning Disabilities.

Abundant empirical research points to a significant number of students not going to school across the United States. Further yet, there exists strong research consensus that absenteeism predicts ne...
DeMaSk: A deep mutational scanning substitution matrix and its use for variant impact prediction

Motivation Accurately predicting the quantitative impact of a substitution on a protein's molecular function would be a great aid in understanding the effects of observed genetic variants across populations. While this remains a challenging task, new approaches can leverage data from the increasing numbers of comprehensive deep mutational scanning (DMS) studies that systematically mutate proteins and measure fitness. Results We introduce DeMaSk, an intuitive and interpretable method based only upon DMS datasets and sequence homologs that predicts the impact of missense mutations within any protein. DeMaSk first infers a directional amino acid substitution matrix from DMS datasets and then fits a linear model that combines these substitution scores with measures of per-position evolutionary conservation and variant frequency across homologs. Despite its simplicity, DeMaSk has state-of-the-art performance in predicting the impact of amino acid substitutions, and can easily and rapidly be applied to any protein sequence. Availability https://demask.princeton.edu generates fitness impact predictions and visualizations for any user-submitted protein sequence. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
State Power to Define Jurisdiction

States should have much broader authority to decline jurisdiction over federal claims. The normative considerations supporting this doctrine of “reverse abstention” have been developed in previous work. But what of the Constitution? The traditional reading, reflected in existing precedent, asserts that the Supremacy Clause, Article III, and perhaps Article I operate together to create an inflexible obligation for state courts to hear federal claims. This reading is misguided. The Supremacy Clause contains no jurisdictional obligation of its own force, but only gives supreme effect to other validly enacted federal laws. And no other clause provides the authority to impose such an obligation on the states. Suggestions to the contrary are based on an overly cramped version of originalism that fails to account for the exigencies of constitutional compromise and ratification.
Extracellular miRNAs as mediators of obesity-associated disease.

Extracellular miRNAs are found in a variety of body fluids and mediate intercellular and interorgan communication thus regulating gene expression and cellular metabolism. These miRNAs are secreted either in small vesicles/exosomes (sEV) or bound to proteins such as Argonaute and HDL. Both exosomal and protein-bound circulating miRNAs are altered in obesity. Although all tissues can contribute to changes in circulating miRNAs, adipose tissue itself is an important source of these miRNAs, especially those in sEVs. These are derived from both adipocytes and macrophages and participate in crosstalk between these cells, as well as peripheral tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, whose function may be impaired in obesity. Changes in levels of circulating miRNAs have also been linked to the beneficial effects induced by weight loss interventions, including diet, exercise, and bariatric surgery, further indicating a role for these miRNAs as mediators of disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the role of circulating miRNAs in the pathophysiology of obesity and explore their potential use as biomarkers and in therapy of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Abstract figure legend Extracellular miRNAs as indicators of metabolic status. Extracellular miRNAs are found in the circulation and are secreted bound to protein complex, lipoproteins particles or loaded into extracellular vesicles including microvesicles and exosomes. Many circulating microRNAs are dysregulated during obesity, but weight loss intervention such as exercise, diet and bariatric surgery can restore the miRNA secretion. Metabolic organs including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, whose function may be impaired during obesity, contribute to changes in the pool of obesity-associated circulating miRNAs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Low Frequency Dynamics in Concentrated 4f CEF Systems

Understanding the magnetic properties of concentrated 4f electron systems continues to be a challenging problem. The difficulties can be traced to the presence of a comparatively large number of occupied crystal field levels in the lowest angular momentum manifold of the rare earth ion. The interplay of the static and dynamic crystalline field with the direct interion interaction gives rise to a great variety of interesting phenomena.
The sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature, moisture, and carbon supply at the global scale

Soil respiration (Rs) is a major pathway by which fixed carbon in the biosphere is returned to the atmosphere, yet there are limits to our ability to predict respiration rates using environmental drivers at the global scale. While temperature, moisture, carbon supply and other site characteristics are known to regulate soil respiration rates at plot scales within certain biomes, quantitative frameworks for evaluating the relative importance of these factors across different biomes and at the global scale require tests of the relationships between field estimates and global climatic data. This study evaluates the factors driving Rs at the global scale by linking global datasets of soil moisture, soil temperature, primary productivity and soil carbon estimates with observations of annual Rs from the Global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB). We find that calibrating models with parabolic soil moisture functions can improve predictive power over similar models with asymptotic functions of mean annual precipitation. Soil temperature is comparable with previously-reported air temperature observations used in predicting Rs, and is the dominant driver of Rs in global models; however, within certain biomes soil moisture or soil carbon emerge as dominant predictors of Rs. We identify regions where typical temperature-driven responses are further mediated by soil moisture, precipitation, and carbon supply and regions in which environmental controls on high Rs values are difficult to ascertain due to limited field data. Because soil moisture integrates temperature and precipitation dynamics, it can more directly constrain the heterotrophic component of Rs, but global-scale models tend to smooth its spatial heterogeneity by aggregating factors that increase moisture variability within and across biomes. We compare statistical and mechanistic models that provide independent estimates of global Rs ranging from 83 to 108 Pg/yr, but also highlight regions of uncertainty where more observations are required or environmental controls are hard to constrain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Organizational Perspectives on Online Programming Implementation in Three Traditional High Schools

University of Minnesota Ed.D. dissertation. May 2011. Major: Teaching and Learning. Advisors: Dr. Joyce Strand, Adviser, Dr. Susan Damme. 1 computer file (PDF); viii, 124 pages, appendices A-F.
Performance Analysis of the Spectral Correlation Discriminator Array

Mobile communications suffer from cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference and fading. The cell capacity or the number of users per cell is limited by the interference. In this paper we analyze a new blind adaptive array structure called the spectral correlation discriminator array (SCDA), designed to reject cochannel interference for advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) signals. The blind adaptive array exploits the spectral redundancy in the AMPS signals which arises due to the presence of the supervisory audio tone (SAT). SCDA is shown to provide an improvement of 25–30 dB in signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in static multipath channels and 10–15 dB improvement of SINR in Rayleigh fading channels. The SCDA is compared to the least squares constant modulus array (LSCMA) and is shown to have better signal selectivity properties. The reduction in interference power can significantly reduce the frequency reuse factor.
Evaluation and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction in the infertile male.

In approximately 50% of infertile couples, a male factor is operative. Male infertility is often difficult to correct because infertile men frequently suffer from intrinsic testicular failure.1 This condition is composed of hyposperma-togenesis, maturation arrest, a combination of these histologic patterns, or Sertoli-cell—only syndrome. Although testicular failure is currently an area of significant research, thus far no reliable treatment options are available for patients with testicular failure. Similarly, some genetic causes, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome, are not currently treatable.
The role of goal setting and goal striving in medical adherence

From a motivational-volitional perspective, a first prerequisite for med~ ical adherence is that people walk away from a health care provider (or from medical instructions obtained elsewhere) with a strong intention (goal) to act on the advice or instructions given. Second, and equally important, people need to effectively translate their goals into action, not only right after the advice has been given but also weeks and months thereafter. What facilitates the setting of adherence goals, and what guarantees acting on them? In this chapter we try to answer both of these questions, starting with the issue of goal setting and continuing with the problem of goal implementation. More specifically, we outline self~regulatorystrategies that help people set adherence goals and attain them.
Linearized electro-optical intensity modulator

An electro-optic intensity modulator based on a Mach-Zehnder or interferometer with ring resonators is proposed and analyzed theoretically. This configuration offers a large improvement in modulation linearity achieved entirely by optical means.
GEM: A geometric algorithm for scheduling

Scheduling in high-level synthesis is essentially assigning operations to different clock cycles or Csteps. A simple algorithm for scheduling in high-level synthesis is presented. The critical path (longest path) approach is used, schedules better than or comparable to the existing algorithms are obtained. The algorithm uses weighted geometric point dominance matching from the operations onto the control steps (Csteps) or the clock cycles. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(nplogp), where n is the number of disjoint paths in the CDFG, and p the number of nodes in the longest path. The algorithm can schedule a system with multiple loops or nested conditional branches incurring no extra penalty in terms of time complexity. >
Sorry, Wrong Numbers: An Analysis of a Study of a Correlation between Skin Color and IQ.

Abstract We argue that the report by Templer and Arikawa contains misleading conclusions and is based upon faulty collection and analysis of data. The report fails to hold up for quality of data, statistical analysis, and the logic of science.
A Haemoprotein from the Lipid of Peanuts

MUCH literature exists on the effects of haematin compounds on the oxidation of unsaturated fats and fatty acids in emulsions and colloidal suspensions1–3. We wish to report a naturally occurring haematin protein found in the lipid fraction of peanuts and other seeds.
Band structure of HgTe and HgTe-CdTe alloys

Abstract The gray tin band model of Groves and Paul, which is extended to include overlap of the valence and conduction bands, is applied to HgTe and Cd x Hg 1−x Te alloys. Theoretical and experimental evidence for the model is presented, and band parameters deduced from experimental data are given.
Tyrone Grainger and the dilemma of blackness in London

Europe as terminus of Black dispersal holds much significance for the study of Black identity in the Diaspora due to its role in colonizing the African continent. More specifically, England was a major contender in the race to take control of human and natural resources in Africa and the Caribbean prior to and after the European slave trade. During the first 50 years of the twentieth century, Great Britain successfully lured Black West Indians to its shore with hopes of social, cultural, and economic freedom denied them in their homelands. This article explores the dilemma of Blackness and formation of African Diasporan identities in London during the twentieth century. It also examines the complexities of transnationalism and the impact of cultural memory and globalization on identity formation in Beryl Gilroy's novel Boy Sandwich (1989) through the experiences of Tyrone Grainger.
Elaeocarpus Alkaloids. The Synthesis of dl-Elaeokanine-A and dl-Elaeokanine-C.

Abstract The synthesis of dl-elaeokanine-A and dl-elaeokanine-C is described by an approach which utilizes a nitrone cyclo-addition to generate a β-aminoketone, which upon annulation produces one or the other of the title alkaloids depending upon conditions.
Cadmium uptake by the water hyacinth: Effects of root mass, solution volume, complexers and other metal ions1

Abstract At a fixed Cd2+ concentration water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ) plants with greater root mass (dry weight) take up more metal ions as a function of time, and more metal ions are taken up by a plant as the solution volume is increased. Experiments in which several different metal ion complexers were present suggest that (1) the roots possess sites which initially reversibly bind free Cd2+, (2) some added complexers can compete with these root sites for free Cd2+, and (3) with time Cd2+ bound to the roots is translocated into into the root tissues effectively removing it from the equilibrium processes in solution. Many metal ions are taken up by the plant but only the micronutrient Zn2+ competes well with Cd2+ for uptake. Thus, there may be binding sites on the roots for specific metal ions.
From Sepoy to Film Star: Indian interpreters of an Afghan mythic space

The paucity of sources documenting the role of Indians in the nineteenth-century British imperial engagement with Afghanistan has resulted in significant lacunae within later cultural artefacts documenting the period. The South Asians who formed the bulk of British expeditionary forces in the first Anglo-Afghan war (1837–1842) were, however, indispensable as cultural intermediaries, translating little-studied Afghan languages into patterns of South Asian speech that had become familiar to colonial officials through a gradual and ongoing process of exposure in India proper and, in the presence of comprador agents, beyond. For English-language authors writing in the aftermath of the traumatic retreat of the British army from Afghanistan in 1842, British India and its subject populations provided a convenient and long-established set of topoi through which to produce convincingly authentic representations of Afghanistan as an exotic and alien ‘mythic space’. Following George Steiner and Richard Slotkin, this article argues that the narrative memorials to the first Anglo-Afghan War become possible only through the activation of a particular set of stable, yet portable, South Asian literary figures which stand in for Afghanistan itself.
To shut down or to shift: : Multinationals and environmental regulation

Abstract According to the pollution haven effect mobile capital responds to environmental regulation by moving from countries with high regulation to countries with low regulation. Previous tests of the pollution haven effect focus on host country regulation effect. This study also examines the effect of home country regulation on foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a panel of 28 OECD countries for 1990–2000 to estimate host and home country environmental regulations' effect on FDI, this study finds that host regulation decreases FDI. In contrast, home environmental regulation increases FDI at low levels of home regulation and decreases FDI at high levels of home regulation.
A calcium-activated, nonselective cationic conductance in Aplysia silent neurons.

We have previously reported the activation of a triphasic current response by calcium injection in voltage-clamped, nonbursting neurons of Aplysia californica. Present evidence indicates that the second phase, a delayed inward current that peaks 10–20 seconds after the end of the injection, is a calcium-activated, nonselective cationic conductance. It can be carried by both sodium and calcium, is not sensitive to chloride concentration changes, but is voltage sensitive, decreasing in amplitude with hyperpolarization.
Radiolaria in Surface Sediments of Northeast Pacific Ocean: ABSTRACT

The taxonomy and the distributional pattern of Radiolaria in surface sediments of the northeast Pacific Ocean have been investigated from more than 50 sediment cores collected in the area from 40° N. lat. northward to the coast of Alaska and from the west coast of the North American continent westward to approximately 160° W. long. Previous knowledge of these microorganisms from the area has been limited. The results of the present study strongly suggest that it is possible to delineate the biogeographic distributional pattern of Radiolaria of the area into subarctic and transitional faunas. It is found also that the southern limit of transitional fauna possibly would lie slightly south of the so-called subarctic boundary (approximately at 40° N.). Because of the pronounced variation of the oceanographic conditions in the region, both northern and southern boundaries of the transitional zone cannot be defined sharply at present. Nevertheless, on the basis of the relative abundance and the general biogeographic occurrence of the studied taxa, such a distributional pattern in the area could be ascertained reasonably. The observed biogeographic differentiation agrees in general with hose of previous studies made by physical oceanographers and the results of the earlier researches on diatoms, planktonic Foraminifera, and zooplankton in the North Pacific. Therefore it can be concluded from the present study that Radiolaria in the northeast Pacific could be used as a water-mass indicator and thus may be useful in the interpretation of paleoecology of deep-sea sediments as well as marine deposits on land. End_of_Article - Last_Page 538------------
Myoglobin and troponin I elevation predict 5-year mortality in patients with undifferentiated chest pain in the emergency department.

Background The long-term prognostic significance of elevated cardiac markers in an undifferentiated patient population with chest pain is unknown. Methods Serum troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin were measured at presentation in 951 consecutive patients evaluated in the emergency department for possible acute coronary syndrome, and all-cause mortality was measured over 5 years. Results Final diagnoses included myocardial infarction in 70 (7.4%), unstable angina in 78 (8.2%), stable angina in 26 (2.7%), heart failure in 135 (14.2%), syncope in 61 (6.4%), arrhythmia in 62 (6.5%), and noncardiac diagnoses in 519 (54.6%). Our study population had a mean (±SD) age of 63 (±16), 434 (46%) were male, 774 (81%) were African American, 408 (43%) had known coronary artery disease, 647 (68%) had hypertension, 244 (26%) had diabetes mellitus, and 237 (25%) had a serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. At 5 years, there were 349 (36.7%) deaths. In a multivariate model with adjustment for baseline covariates, an elevated cTnI ≥1.0 ng/mL (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3) and myoglobin ≥200 ng/mL (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1), but not CK-MB ≥9.0 ng/mL (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6-1.3), remained independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Patients with both elevated cTnI and myoglobin had a particularly high mortality rate. Conclusion Among patients evaluated in the emergency department for possible acute coronary syndromes, myoglobin and cTnI at presentation are powerful, independent predictors of long-term (5-year) prognosis.
Towards usefully secure email

We have built attribute based, usefully secure email (ABUSE), a system that leverages users by enabling them to build a decentralized, nonhierarchical public key infrastructure (PKI) to express their trust relationships with each other, and then use this PKI to manage their trust in people with whom they correspond via secure email. Our design puts humans into the system - to do things that humans are good at but machines are not - at both the creation of credentials as well as the interpretation of credentials. By doing so, we hope this system can overcome the failings of approaches based on standard PKI
Pediatric mechanical circulatory support: challenges and opportunities.

Cardiomyopathy is rare in the pediatric age group, with an annual incidence of only 6 to 12 cases per million children.1–3 In addition to the genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies, heart failure in children also occurs as a complication of congenital cardiac anomalies, ranging from hypoplastic left heart syndrome to tetralogy of Fallot. In the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), approximately 65% of heart transplantations in infants were performed as the result of congenital cardiac anomalies, whereas in older children that percentage decreases to 24%.4,5 Article p 2313 In early stages, heart failure in children is treated pharmacologically, as in adults, although there are comparatively few clinical trial data specific to children.6–8 As the disease severity increases, definitive therapy of heart failure in children consists of heart transplantation. Approximately 350 pediatric heart transplantations are performed in the United States annually, and, because of a robust national database, outcomes after transplantation are well characterized.4 Less is known about outcomes in pediatric patients awaiting heart transplantation. For children, mortality rates of 7% at 30 days have been reported, whereas mortality rate for infants—a uniquely challenging group in terms of donor availability—ranges from 25% to 31% at 6 months in multi-institutional studies.9–11 Some centers report improved pretransplantation survival in more recent eras as the result of improved medical therapy, innovative strategies to improve the efficiency of donor allocation (eg, ABO incompatible transplantation in infants), and increased use of mechanical support devices in children.12–15 Because sudden death in children awaiting heart transplantation is rare, the majority of deaths in this population are due to progressive heart and multi-organ failure and are therefore, at least in theory, amenable to salvage therapy with mechanical circulatory support (MCS).10 The experience with adults supported long-term by …
An Analytical Approach for Flow Analysis in Aquifers with Spatially Varying Top Boundary

Analytical models of groundwater flow with a spatially varying elevation of a top boundary are widely used. However, a vast majority of previous analytical studies truncated the irregularly shaped top section with little to no analyses of the shortcomings of the approximate solutions for the resulting rectangles or parallelepipeds. We present an analytical approach based on a perturbation technique that treats complete domains. It is especially accurate near the top boundary, where fluid circulation is most pronounced and higher accuracy is typically needed, such as in regional or hyporheic systems flow. The approach is illustrated by analyzing flow for a Tothian unit basin.
Self-collimation in 3D photonic crystals

Abstract In this paper we present self-collimation in three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PhCs) consisting of a simple cubic structure. By exploiting the dispersive properties of photonic crystals, a cubic- like shape equi-frequency surface (EFS) is obtained. Such surfaces allow fo r structureless confinement of light. Due to the degeneracy of propagation modes in a 3D structure, self-collimation modes can be distinguished from other modes by launching a source with a particular polarization. To this end, we found that polarization dependence is a key issue in 3D self-collimation. The results hold promise for high-density PhCs devices due to the lack of structural interaction. Finally, a novel method for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) simple cubic photonic crystal structures using conventional planar silicon micromachining technology is presented. The method utilizes a single planar etch mask coupled with time multiplexed sidewall passivation and deep anisotropic reactive ion etching in combination with isotropic etch processes to create three-dimensional photonic crystal devices. In itial experimental results are presented.
Experimental studies of biliquid capillary siphons

Abstract The capillary siphon is a device capable of transporting a liquid from a higher level to a lower level by capillary action under gravity. The device is usually configured in an inverted U-shape with an intake end and a discharge end. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the prior arts have not disclosed a process or apparatus that utilizes the capillary siphon action to transfer a liquid into a different liquid from a lower level to a higher level. In this paper, a porous medium, which preferentially has a higher wickability with respect to the first liquid than to the second liquid, is disposed in a siphon fashion with the first or intake end contacting the first liquid and the second or discharge end contacting the second liquid. A net amount of the first liquid was observed to be pumped into the second liquid. The aforementioned novel device functions as a passive pump, and could find applications in many systems such as portable direct methanol fuel cells and drug delivery systems. The device with these potential applications is termed as the “biliquid capillary siphon”. The biliquid capillary siphon was successfully tested using several typical wick materials such as fiberglass, ceramic, polyethylene and PTFE under both dynamic and quasi-equilibrium states.
Local-density-functional calculation of the pressure-induced metallization of BaSe and BaTe.

Local-density-functional total-energy calculations are reported for both the structural and metallization transitions of BaSe and BaTe. Good agreement with recent experimental results for BaTe confirms the band-overlap mechanism in this and related closed-shell systems. A metallization pressure of about 400 kbar is predicted for BaSe. These calculations represent the first convincing demonstration of the ability of the local-density-functional approximation to predict band-overlap metallization accurately.
Elimination of environmental sensitivity in a cameleon FRET-based calcium sensor via replacement of the acceptor with Venus

Genetically encoded sensors are becoming a powerful tool for investigating cellular signaling pathways and, potentially, signaling in vivo. Many sensors use changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between donor and acceptor variants of GFP separated by a ligand binding domain sensitive to a particular signaling pathway. Accurate measurements require that sensors be insensitive to extraneous intracellular environmental factors. We have found that the responsiveness of the Ca 2+ sensor, cameleon YC6.1, varies linearly with the resting YFP/CFP emission ratio in the cell. However, cells expressing responsive or non-responsive sensor can easily be segregated by determining a resting YFP/CFP ratio cutoff for the sensor. This environmental sensitivity has been eliminated by replacing EYFP with Venus to produce a new cameleon we have designated VC6.1. Measurements show that VC6.1 has a greater dynamic range than YC6.1 and better environmental resistance. We also show that YC6.1 is inactivated by persistent activation of the IP 3 pathway following expression of constitutively active Gq, while VC6.1 is not. The stability of VC6.1 may make it well suited to studies utilizing mixed cell populations such as those encountered in vivo. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Metaphor as the Foundation of Organizational Studies: Images of Organization and Beyond

This article is the first part of a Citation Classics and Foundational Works feature focused on metaphor and organizational studies. The second part of the feature is a personal reflection by Garet...
The Effect of Task Goal on Cross-Transfer in a Supination and Pronation Task

The aim of this study was to determine whether the motor performance in a cross-transfer training design was influenced by having a goal associated with the training task. In this pre-test, training (unilateral), post-test design, 60 right-handed participants 18–62 years old were randomly assigned to a practice or a control group. The task involved cranking resistive wing nuts in and out of a test device. Participants who trained their left limbs had a greater pre-test post-test difference than participants in the control group (p<0.0001). A significant cross-transfer effect was detected in the left crank-in practice group (p=0.0090 for) but not in the left crank-out practice group, (p=0.3676). The practice groups’ pre- and post-test difference in the untrained limb's performance was significant depending on the goal of the task (p=0.0214 for left crank-in practice group, p=0.0034 for left crank-out practice group). This study supports the occupational therapy core belief that participating in goal-orient...
From existential to minimum deterrence: Explaining India's decision to test

(1998). From existential to minimum deterrence: Explaining India's decision to test. The Nonproliferation Review: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 12-24.
The effect of aspirin on hospital length of stay and complications after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

Purpose: With an aging population, the number of PEGs performed is increasing. Physicians are under pressure to reduce the hospital length of stay. Usual practice is to hold aspirin for at least 5 days prior to PEG due to the anti-platelet effect which could increase length of stay. This study compares the frequency of complications and hospital length of stay for PEG between patients taking aspirin and those who do not.
Scalability enhancement of FG NAND by FG shape modification

Floating Gate (FG) NAND scaling has been severely challenged by the reduction of gate coupling ratio (CR) and increase in FG interference (FGI) below 30nm node. Firstly, scalability of inverted ‘T’ shaped FG is evaluated by 3D electrostatics simulation. It is shown that coupling ratio (CR) and Floating Gate Interference (FGI) performance can be maintained at the level of 34nm technology down to 13nm node by engineering key aspects of the FG shape namely FG top width (FGW) and effective field height (EFH) in addition to conventional scaling approaches of IPD thinning and spacer к reduction. Secondly, FG shaping is demonstrated down to FGW of 3nm and EFH of 5nm using a sacrificial oxidation technology with no bird's beak to demonstrate fabrication feasibility.
Gray colored glasses: Is major depression partially a sensory perceptual disorder?

Abstract Background Major depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can involve profound dysregulation of mood. While depression is associated with additional abnormalities besides reduced mood, such as cognitive dysfunction, it is not well established that sensory perception is also altered in this disorder (aside from in psychotic depression). Recent studies have shown that visual processing, in as early a stage as the retina, is impaired in depression. This paper examines the hypothesis that major depression can involve alterations in sensory perception. Methods A Pubmed literature search investigated several lines of evidence: innervation of sensory cortex by serotonin and norepinephrine; antidepressant drugs and depression itself affecting processing of facial expressions of emotion; electroencephalography (EEG) studies of depressed persons and antidepressant drugs; involvement of the serotonergic 5HT2A receptor in both depression and hallucinogenic drug action; psychotic depression involving sensory distortions; dopamine possibly playing a role in depression; and the antidepressant effect of blocking the NMDA receptor with ketamine. Results Data from each of these lines of evidence support the hypothesis that major depression can involve sensory perceptual alterations. Conclusions Loss of interest in one's daily activities and inability to experience pleasure, also known as anhedonia, in major depression may in part be mediated by sensory abnormalities, whereby normal sensory perceptions are no longer present to activate reward circuitry. Limitations The data supporting the hypothesis tend to be associative, so further confirmation of the hypothesis awaits additional controlled experiments.
Improving molecular fingerprint similarity via enhanced folding

Drug discovery depends on scientists finding compounds with molecular fingerprints similar to the target drug, or pharmacophore. A new way of improving the accuracy of molecular fingerprint folding is presented. The goal is to alleviate the growing challenge of excessively long fingerprints. This improved method generates a new shorter fingerprint that is more accurate than the basic folded fingerprint. Information gathered during preprocessing is used to determine an optimal attribute order. The most commonly used blocks of bits can then be organized and used to generate a new improved fingerprint for more optimal folding. The authors then applied the widely used Tanimoto similarity search algorithm to benchmark the results. The authors showed an improvement in the final results using this method to generate an improved fingerprint compared to other traditional folding methods.
Organic material from scleractinian coral skeletons—II. Incorporation of 14C into protein, chitin and lipid

Abstract 1. 1. Corals were incubated with Na 2 14 CO 3 to obtain labelled skeletal organic material for identification and quantitative study. 2. 2. A lipid fraction, identified as largely cetyl palmitate, contained 91 per cent, and the previously identified matrix contained 9 per cent of the activity in skeletal organic material. 3. 3. The specific activities of the amino acids and the glucosamine of the matrix were calculated. Serine had the highest specific activity; the activity of glucosamine was very low. 4. 4. These data help identify the relative proportions of the major components of skeletal organic material. 5. 5. These data also suggest that metabolic paths from glycerol to serine and to acetyl-Co-A are important in utilization of algal photosynthate by the animal.
Incised stream physical habitat restoration with stone weirs

The initial results are described of the restoration of 1 km long reach of Goodwin Creek, a channelized sand and gravel bed warm-water stream draining a 21 km2 lowland catchment in north-west Mississippi. Although a series of grade control weirs and bank protection works had been constructed before restoration, sediment production from channel erosion remained high (> 1200 t km-2 y-1) and aquatic habitats were of poor value. At base flow, only 5-20% of the water area was classified as pool habitat (depth >30 cm and velocity <10 cm s-1). Restoration works were designed to be compatible with existing channel stabilization works and economic critera. Stone was added to extend the existing groynes across the base flow channel to create 18 small weirs. The effects of restoration were quantified by collecting fish and physical habitat data semi-annually for two years before and during the first year after restoration from the restored reach and from two reference streams. Restoration increased pool habitat availability, overall physical heterogeneity, riparian vegetation, shade and woody debris density. After restoration, mean width, depth and velocity exhibited changes of +56, +150 and -56%, respectively, despite discharge levels that averaged 43% lower during data collection periods. The pool area increased to 72% of the water area. Bed types became more heterogeneous, with larger fractions of clay, debris and riprap, and less sand and gravel. The fish response to restoration measures was modest, but distinct. Before restoration cyprinids and centrarchids comprised 74 and 11%, respectively, of the numerical catch, but 32 and 55% after restoration. Fish species composition and relative abundance after restoration were slightly more similar to that of the non-incised reference site than before restoration. The median lengths of five selected fish species were greater after restoration, but were unchanged at reference sites.
Opportunistic capacity and error exponent regions for variable length communication over compound channel with feedback

Variable length communication over a compound channel with feedback is considered. Traditionally, capacity of a compound channel is defined as the maximum rate at which reliable communication can be guaranteed before the start of communication. This is a pessimistic point of view. In this paper, we give an opportunistic definition of capacity. We define capacity as the maximum rate at which reliable communication can be guaranteed for the current choice of the channel by nature. Under this definition, a compound channel is conceptually similar to multi-terminal communication. Transmission rate is a vector rather than a scalar; channel capacity is a region rather than a scalar; error exponent is a region rather than a scalar. We formulate variable length communication over a compound channel with feedback, characterize its opportunistic capacity region, and provide lower bounds for the error exponent region.
Insider Entrenchment and CEO Compensation: Evidence from Initial Public Offering Firms

ABSTRACT: We examine how insider entrenching governance choices of firms conducting their initial public offering (IPOs) influence the CEOs compensation contracts post-IPO. Using ten legal provisions affecting insider entrenchment, we find that entrenching governance decisions have a significant effect on CEO compensation post-IPO. Specifically, we observe a positive association between entrenchment and levels of post-IPO salary, total compensation, and pay-for-performance sensitivity. We also find a negative relation between entrenchment and the proportion of CEOs' salary to total compensation. Our observed relationships are principally driven by takeover readiness provision choices rather than voting rights limitation choices. Our results are robust to controlling for potential confounding effects. JEL Classifications: M41; M52; G34; G32.
Cu2Sb Thin-Film Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Lithium Batteries

Thin films of Cu{sub 2}Sb, prepared on stainless steel and copper substrates with a pulsed laser deposition technique at room temperature, have been evaluated as electrodes in lithium cells. The electrodes operate by a lithium insertion/copper extrusion reaction mechanism, the reversibility of which is superior when copper substrates are used, particularly when electrochemical cycling is restricted to the voltage range 0.65-1.4 V vs. Li/Li{sup +}. The superior performance of Cu{sub 2}Sb films on copper is attributed to the more active participation of the extruded copper in the functioning of the electrode. The continual and extensive extrusion of copper on cycling the cells leads to the isolation of Li{sub 3}Sb particles and a consequent formation of Sb. Improved cycling stability of both types of electrodes was obtained when cells were cycled between 0.65 and 1.4 V. A low-capacity lithium-ion cell with Cu{sub 2}Sb and LiNi{sub 0.8}Co{sub 0.15}Al{sub 0.05}O{sub 2} electrodes, laminated from powders, shows excellent cycling stability over the voltage range 3.15-2.2 V, the potential difference corresponding to approximately 0.65-1.4 V for the Cu2Sb electrode vs. Li/Li{sup +}. Chemical self-discharge of lithiated Cu{sub 2}Sb electrodes by reaction with the electrolyte was severe when cells were allowed to relax on open circuitmore » after reaching a lower voltage limit of 0.1 V. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on Cu2Sb electrodes after cells had been cycled between 1.4 and 0.65 V vs. Li/Li{sup +} was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; the SEI layer contributes to the large irreversible capacity loss on the initial cycle of these cells. The data contribute to a better understanding of the electrochemical behavior of intermetallic electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries.« less
Recovery from psychosis: What’s love got to do with it?

Of the various ways in which recovery‐oriented practice has been characterized in contrast to traditional care, this paper focuses on the dimension of care being “person‐centered” in order to explore in some depth its implications for transforming psychiatric practice. In order to be considered “person‐centered”, care must attend primarily to the person rather than to symptoms or to diagnosis. In addition to respecting the person’s autonomy, we suggest that “person‐centered” care also requires a re‐thinking of the traditional therapeutic stance of neutrality in favor of a more engaged, compassionate stance which falls under the broad rubric of “love”. We argue that several different forms of love are required by the nature of the threat to the person’s sense of self posed by psychosis. In agreement with both Western and Eastern philosophical and spiritual traditions, we suggest that recognizing and restoring a person’s “personhood” is fundamentally a loving act. We then distinguish four different forms of...
HIV-Specific T-Helper Activity in Seronegative Health Care Workers Exposed to Contaminated Blood

Objective. —To evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1—specific cellular immune responses in HIV-seronegative health care workers with occupational high-risk exposures to HIV-infected (HIV-positive) patients. Design. —Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained after occupational exposures to HIV, and PBMCs from health care workers exposed to HIV-negative patients served as controls. The PBMCs were stimulated in vitro with HIV envelope synthetic peptides. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) production was measured in a bioassay. The HIV antibody status was determined by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Exposed individuals were also evaluated for HIV proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction techniques. Participants. —The PBMCs from eight health care workers with high-risk exposures and nine control health care workers were studied. Results. —The PBMCs from all individuals showed strong IL-2 production to control antigens, indicating intact T-helper function. Interleukin 2 production to HIV peptides was detected in PBMCs from six of eight HIV-exposed individuals, but in only one of the nine health care workers exposed to HIV-negative body fluids ( P Conclusion. —Human immunodeficiency virus—specific T-helper activity was detected in six (75%) of eight HIV-negative health care workers with exposure to HIV-positive body fluids. Potent HIV-specific T-helper activity was detectable 4 to 8 weeks after the exposure and was lost in individuals followed up for 8 to 64 weeks. Three health care workers remained responsive at 8,19, and 24 weeks. Exposure to HIV without evidence of subsequent infection appears to result in activation of cellular immunity without activation of antibody production. ( JAMA . 1994;271:42-46)