cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ISEE 3 in real time: An update

In the October 9, 1979 issue of Eos, Tsurutani and Baker [1979] expressed the tangible benefits of obtaining selected interplanetary data from the ISEE 3 spacecraft in real time. As shown in Figure 1, reproduced from Tsurutani and Baker, ISEE 3 is positioned between the earth and the sun in a halo orbit about the sun-Earth libration point. This location is well suited to provide advanced warning of the onset of geomagnetic disturbances. Although the data were not originally intended for real-time use, NOAA and NASA began to cooperate early in 1979 to solve the technical and administrative problems requisite to acquiring the raw data before editing and transmission to the experimenters. In March 1980 the data stream began arriving at the Space Environment Services Center (SESC), Boulder, Colorado. Daily data coverage varies but averages near 80%. The data are now being routinely used to support SESC military and civilian customers and the scientific community at large.
Initial snow chemistry survey of the Mogollon Rim in Arizona

Abstract Fresh snowpack samples collected from high-elevation forests of north-central Arizona during late winter/early spring 1992–1994 were analyzed by ion chromatography and by instrumental neutron activation. Eleven major ions, including the organic species acetate and formate, and twenty-eight elements were determined. The results indicate a relatively pristine snowpack—most samples exhibited low ionic strengths (20 ± 15 μeq l−1) and moderate pH (range 4.9–5.7, mean 5.4). Typical snow-producing storms moved northeast under the influence of southwesterly flow of marine air. Northwesterly winds associated with a cutoff low pressure system centered over southern Utah on 31 January and 1 February 1993 brought snowfall with increased chemical loading. The snowpack was apparently enriched with Zn, As, Sb, and Cu when compared to regional soils. Regional source emissions (smelters, metropolitan Phoenix) may have influenced the snow chemistry but their impact appears to be minimal. These apparent trace metal enrichments are similar to those found in precipitation in remote and rural locations worldwide.
Microwave photonic filters based on optical frequency combs

Optical frequency combs generated by electro-optic modulation form a coherent multi-carrier light source for flexible microwave photonic filtering. Various filter experiments demonstrating high sidelobe suppression, deep submicrosecond tuning, and pulse compression capability are described.
Local circuit neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: selective increase in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons

Schizophrenia has been reported to be associated with alterations in GABAergic local circuit neurons of the prefrontal cortex. In this study, immunocytochemical techniques and antibodies against the calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB) and calretinin (CR) were used to determine the laminar distribution and relative density of separate subpopulations of local circuit neurons in prefrontal cortical areas 9 and 46 from five pairs of schizophrenic and control subjects, matched for age, sex, and post-mortem interval. The laminar distribution pattern of CB-immunoreactive local circuit neurons was similar in both schizophrenic and control subjects. In both prefrontal regions, however, the density of CB-labeled neurons was 50-70% greater in schizophrenic subjects compared with control subjects, with cortical layers III and V/VI being preferentially affected. In contrast, the density of CR-IR neurons did not differ significantly between schizophrenic and control subjects. These findings reveal a selective increase in the density of a subpopulation of GABAergic local circuit neurons in the prefrontal cortex. Although other explanations for these observations must be considered, they may be consistent with the hypothesis that gene expression in GABAergic neurons is altered in schizophrenia.
The economics of gateway technology and network evolution: lessons from electricity supply history

Abstract Contemporary economic issues concerning technological innovation and compatibility standardization in emergent ‘network’ industries are illuminated indirectly in this paper by the examination of the historical development of the technology of electric light and power systems in the United States and Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The discussion focuses on the rivalry between the initially incompatible technical formulations of a system supplying electric lighting and power. In the dynamics of competition between alternative technologies under such conditions, the details of the timing of small historical events could have important and lasting consequences. Special notice is given to the role which the induced invention of a compatibility-creating technical device-the rotary converter-played in the conduct and resolution of the so-called ‘Battle of the Systems’. The rotary converter is analyzed as a paradigmatic ‘gateway innovation’, one of a large class of ‘minor’ technological innovations whose actual importance in the context of network evolution warrants greater recognition from economists.
Attitudes of School and Public Librarians Toward Combined Facilities

A stratified random sample of Iowa school and public librarians were surveyed to determine their attitude toward combination school-public library facilities. The survey instrument was based on one developed by L.J. Amey and R.J. Smith for a survey of Toronto school and public librarians. The survey determined that their was little difference in attitude of Iowa elementary and secondary school librarians toward combined facilities, nor was there much difference in attitude of Iowa public librarians serving populations under 2,500 and those serving more than 2,500 toward combined facilities. School and public librarians did demonstrate statistically significant differences in responses to fifteen of the twenty-six statements relating to combined facilities. Compared to the respondents in the Toronto study, a larger percentage of Iowa public librarians were less concerned about the geographic inconvenience of combined facilities and perceived less duplication resulting from combination. Although a larger pe...
Self-Perceived Influences of Family, Friends, and Media on Adolescent Clothing Choice.

The self-perceived influence of parents, siblings, friends, and media on adolescent clothing choice was examined in a survey of 478 adolescents in the 6th, 9th, and 12th grades from two Midwestern school districts. Differences in self-perception ofwho orwhat has the most influence on the clothes adolescents choose to wear were examined by chi-square analysis andfound to be significant for grade, ethnicity, and residence. Friend influence increased with grade, whereas parental influence decreased. Blacks were influenced most by media, whereas Whites were influenced most byfriends. Rural adolescents were influenced more byfriends than were urban adolescents. Of those indicating media as most influential in their clothing choices, significant differences werefoundfor gender, grade, ethnicity, and residence. Findings reveal that media is the most important self-perceived influence on Black adolescents, is less influential withfemales, gains influence as adolescents age, and has almost twice as much influence on urban adolescents as rural.
Announcement for LSO 2002

As the organizer for LSO 2002, I would like to invite people to participate in next year’s workshop. At the time of publication, the venue and has not yet been set, but we are inquiring about conferences to co-locate with and looking into the possibility of workshop support from the ACM and IEEE. Keep an eye on the LSO 2002 Web site (http://cse.unl.edu/LSO2002/) for key dates and location!
Calibration of a miniaturized FMCW ATI-SAR for normalized radar cross section measurement

A radiometric calibration scheme that exploits time-domain backprojection is evaluated using a squinted frequency-modulated continuous wave radar and corner reflectors. We find that the calibration scheme compensates for most of the variation in image intensity due to changes in aircraft attitude, and that for good signal to clutter ratios, the return from the corner reflectors varies by for most cases by around 1 dB, although a 3 dB difference was observed in one case.
Cat Island Swamp: window to a fading Louisiana ecology.

Abstract The structure and composition of a Louisiana swamp bordering the Mississippi River were investigated; twenty species of trees were encountered in six communities. Hackberry (Celtis laevigata) had the highest importance value for the entire tract, followed by cypress (Taxodium distichum), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and tupelo gum (Nyssa aquatica). The understory was sparse, and saplings were not represented in the same frequency as the trees. Herbs were monitored in 1-m2 quadrats to determine their frequency and density. Soil was tested for pH and for extractable nutrients, and a texture analysis was carried out. Discriminant-function analysis was performed to determine which environmental variables influences tree distribution.
Fabrication of micron-diameter silver electrodes for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been investigated as a sensitive detection method for a wide variety of species. It is an especially powerful technique for the study of nitrogen- and oxygen-based small molecules. Most research has employed substrates in formats adapted to macro sample sizes. These include colloid suspensions, metal electrodes with cross sections of 0.5-2 mm, and metal particles on solid supports such as microscope slides or sintered glass filters. However, it has been shown that if the total integrated laser power reaching the solid SERS medium remains constant, the generated SERS intensity is independent of the surface area probed. There should be little or no signal loss with microprobes down to diameters approaching 1 μm, which is roughly the Rayleigh diffraction limit of moderate-numerical-aperture microscope objectives.
Invasive fungal infections in the pediatric population.

Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 9(3), 275-278 (2011) Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are increasing in incidence and constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised pediatric patient populations, including, but not limited to, preterm neonates, children and adolescents with hematologic malignancies, and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell trans- plantation (HSCT) (1-3). Although chil- dren and adults are similarly vulnerable to IFIs, important differences between these two patient groups have to be considered. These include epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, as well as pharmaco kinetics (PK) and adverse effects of antifungal agents, all of which have an impact on anti- fungal management strategies. In order to optimize prevention and treatment of IFIs in children, all specialists involved in the care of pediatric patients have to be familiar with these specifics of pediatric care . Populations at risk & epidemiology
Graph expansion and the unique games conjecture

The edge expansion of a subset of vertices S ⊆ V in a graph G measures the fraction of edges that leave S. In a d-regular graph, the edge expansion/conductance Φ(S) of a subset S ⊆ V is defined as Φ(S) = (|E(S, V\S)|)/(d|S|). Approximating the conductance of small linear sized sets (size δ n) is a natural optimization question that is a variant of the well-studied Sparsest Cut problem. However, there are no known algorithms to even distinguish between almost complete edge expansion (Φ(S) = 1-e), and close to 0 expansion. In this work, we investigate the connection between Graph Expansion and the Unique Games Conjecture. Specifically, we show the following: We show that a simple decision version of the problem of approximating small set expansion reduces to Unique Games. Thus if approximating edge expansion of small sets is hard, then Unique Games is hard. Alternatively, a refutation of the UGC will yield better algorithms to approximate edge expansion in graphs. This is the first non-trivial "reverse" reduction from a natural optimization problem to Unique Games. Under a slightly stronger UGC that assumes mild expansion of small sets, we show that it is UG-hard to approximate small set expansion. On instances with sufficiently good expansion of small sets, we show that Unique Games is easy by extending the techniques of [4].
Mapping of the full profile of T cell allorecognition regions on HLA-DR2β subunit

Alloreactive human T cell lines were developed by repeated in vitro restimulation with alternate allogeneic cells of similar DR2 serotype, but differing at other HLA loci. These polyclonal T cells recognized DR specificities in common with all DR2 serotypes. The allorecognition profiles of DR2 beta by the T cell lines were mapped by consecutive uniform-sized overlapping peptides encompassing the entire extracellular and intracellular regions of the DR beta subunit. It was found that the T cell allorecognition sites are focused around the first and third polymorphic regions of the N-terminal domain, and interestingly, include conserved areas in the DR beta second domain as well as the intracellular segment beta 222-237. These findings have important implications for allorecognition. Comparison with the previous analysis of antibody-binding regions of DR2 beta revealed some similarities and differences in the antibody and T cell alloresponses to this histocompatibility antigen.
Motivation and learning in an online, unmoderated, mathematics workshop for teachers

As hypermedia, online teacher professional development (TPD) should ideally support diverse learners to work with online content effectively because it involves multiple representations and a nonlinear format. Differences among participants in motivation and learning provide challenges for design. The present study is a use-inspired, mixed-method study of 164 teachers’ motivation and learning in an unmoderated online workshop. It addresses participants’ demographic and motivational profiles, participation in this type of workshop (e.g., the frequency, duration, and focus, as well as their work with technology-enhanced, nonroutine challenge problems and journal assignments), the predictive value of the initial questionnaire, and implications for design. Findings indicate that while three clusters of motivational profiles could be identified (low interest, low self-efficacy, and less math; low interest, high self-efficacy, and more math; high interest, high self-efficacy, and more math), whether the teachers continue to participate appears to be related to the structure and content of the workshop, not just these profiles. Findings are interpreted as suggesting that the potential of hypermedia lies in its designers’ abilities to support participant stake by providing for multiple ways into thinking and working with disciplinary content—design that both accommodates and supports those with differing strengths and needs. Implications for studying motivation and learning online are also discussed.
Optimal measurement model is crucial to identify distinct constructs.

This is a Brief Commentary in response to article—“Steinsbekk, S., Jozefiak, T., Odega°rd, R., & Wichstrom, L. (2009). Impaired parent-reported quality of life in treatment-seeking children with obesity is mediated with high levels of psychopathology. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1159–1167. doi: 10.1007/s11136-009-9535-6.” The commentary states that the investigation of the hypothesis if quality of life and psychopathology are two separate constructs may have been hampered by the use of a suboptimal measurement model.
Ildefons Cerdà's Scalpel: a Lefebvrian perspective on nineteenth-century urban planning

Employing his methodological scalpel, Ildefons Cerda cut into the urban fabric and created just as many problems as he solved. Today, the legacy of the piecemeal approach to urban life advocated by Cerda persists in its instrumentalist and inadequate focus on the built environments of cities without paying enough attention to the complex relationship between social, cultural, and political factors out of which the city is produced. A Lefebvrian reading of Cerda's urban theories (in his Teoria de la construccion de las ciudades, Teoria de la viabilidad urbana, and Teoria general de la urbanizacion) highlights the methodological and philosophical premises that may have prevented the Catalan planner's socialist-utopian dreams from being realized.
Expression and regulation of a proenkephalin beta-galactosidase fusion gene in the reproductive system of transgenic mice.

A fusion gene containing 3 kilobases of human proenkephalin 5'-flanking sequences and 1 kilobase of human proenkephalin 3'-flanking sequence and the easily visualized histochemical marker, Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, was used to study the function of cis-regulatory elements within the human proenkephalin gene in transgenic mice. Here data are presented on expression and regulation of this fusion gene in the reproductive system of three independent lines of transgenic mice. Within the male reproductive system, the fusion gene is expressed in the proximal epididymis and in developing germinal cells but not in mature or elongating spermatids. In the female reproductive system, the transgene was expressed at low basal levels, but expression was dramatically stimulated in the ovary and oviduct by hormonal stimulation and pregnancy; additionally, expression was induced at the uteroplacental junction in pregnant mice. Taken together these observations suggest that critical sequences for expression and r...
The genetics of IgA nephropathy

The authors present the latest evidence supporting genetic contributions to IgA nephropathy, a common form of primary glomerulonephritis throughout the world. No specific causative gene has yet been detected, but defective glycosylation of IgA1 leading to formation of immune complexes has been consistently implicated. The prevalence of familial forms of the condition varies depending on geography and ethnicity. The clinical patterns of these under-recognized familial forms are reviewed here. IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis. Variations in clinical manifestations indicate that a diagnosis of IgA nephropathy encompasses multiple disease subsets that cannot be distinguished on the basis of renal pathology or clinical variables alone. Familial forms of the disease have been reported throughout the world, but are probably under-recognized because associated urinary abnormalities are often intermittent in affected family members. IgA nephropathy has complex determination, with different genes probably causing disease in different patient subgroups. Of the many pathogenic mechanisms reported, defects in IgA1 glycosylation that lead to formation of immune complexes have been consistently implicated. Here, we present the evidence for genetic contributions to the disease, review clinical patterns of familial disease, and summarize some of the most promising genetic studies conducted to date. Linkage-based approaches to the study of familial forms of the disease have identified significant or suggestive loci on chromosomes 6q22-23, 2q36, 4q26-31, 17q12-22 and 3p24-23, but no causal gene has yet been identified. Many interesting, but poorly replicated, genetic association studies have also been reported. We discuss recent developments in analytic tools that should enable genetic studies of sporadic forms of disease by the genome-wide association approach.
Infrared spectra of isotopic halogen nitrates

Abstract The infrared spectra of halogen nitrates containing nitrogen-14 and 15 isotopes have been investigated in the gas and solid phases. All nine fundamentals including two previously unobserved ones have been identified in the spectrum of fluorine nitrate. In chlorine nitrate one of the two previously unobserved fundamentals has been assigned, but the second fundamental could not be observed. This frequency was therefore estimated from combination bands. Thermodynamic properties, barriers to internal rotation and valence force constants for the halogen nitrates have been computed.
Viability and neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord following perinatal asphyxia

Hypoxia-ischemia is the leading cause of neurological handicaps in newborns worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from fresh cord blood of asphyxiated newborns have the potential to regenerate damaged neural tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the capacity for MSCs to differentiate into neural tissue that could subsequently be used for autologous transplantation. We collected cord blood samples from full-term newborns with perinatal hypoxemia (n=27), healthy newborns (n=14) and non-hypoxic premature neonates (n=14). Mononuclear cells were separated, counted, and then analyzed by flow cytometry to assess various stem cell populations. MSCs were isolated by plastic adherence and characterized by morphology. Cells underwent immunophenotyping and trilineage differentiation potential. They were then cultured in conditions favoring neural differentiation. Neural lineage commitment was detected using immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, tubulin III and oligodendrocyte marker O4 antibodies. Mononuclear cell count and viability did not differ among the three groups of infants. Neural differentiation was best demonstrated in the cells derived from hypoxia-ischemia term neonates, of which 69% had complete and 31% had partial neural differentiation. Cells derived from preterm neonates had the least amount of neural differentiation, whereas partial differentiation was observed in only 12%. These findings support the potential utilization of umbilical cord stem cells as a source for autologous transplant in asphyxiated neonates.
The reversible titration of tyrosyl residues in human deoxyhemoglobin

Abstract The reaction of hemoglobin with N-acetyl imidazole at neutral pH indicated that in carboxyhemoglobin 1.80 residues per heme were acetylated while in deoxyhemoglobin only 1.15 residues were available to the reagent. The reversible titration of these residues in alkali was followed by difference spectrophotometry at 245 nm. Hill plots of the titration data, assuming 2 residues titrable per heme an3 Δϵ = 10500 per tyrosyi residue upon ionization, showed a slope of 1.5 and a pH 1 2 near 11. The average pK of these groups in carboxyhemoglobin was previously found to be near 10.5. Also. by difference spectrophotometry it was shown that exposure of deoxyhemoglobin to alkaline pH was accompanied by a modification of the Soret region of the absorption spectrum, which might indicate the appearance of liganded conformation in the deoxyhemoglobin system. The sedimentation velocity of deoxyhemoglobin demonstrated that at alkaline pH dissociation into duners occurred at pH's lower than 10, where no ionization of tyrosines was detectable. The titration of tyrosines was independent from protein concentration. The low availability of tyrosyl residues to acetylation in deoxyhemoglobin, the cooperativity of proton binling of these residues and the change in conformation of hemoglobin concomitant with their titration are all consistent with results of Simon et al., Moffat, and Moffat et al., and with the model proposed by Perutz for explaining the heme-heme interaction. The free energy of the pK shift of the tyrosyl residues in carboxy and deoxyhemoglobin can be included in the free energy of the heme-heme interaction.
The benefits of youth

We examine human psychological development from an evolutionary perspective and propose that some aspects of developmental immaturity have been selected for their adaptive value either for individuals at a specific time in development (ontogenetic adaptations) or as preparation for adulthood (deferred adaptations). We review research and theory on the possible adaptive role of immaturity in human development, focusing on play, neural plasticity, and cognitive limitations that may foster the development of sensory systems, learning/education, and caretaking by adults. We argue that considering the possible adaptive features of immaturity, along with the obvious maladaptive ones, provides a more accurate picture of ontogeny and ways to foster healthy psychological development.
Seeking Early Care: The Role of Prenatal Care Advocates

This exploratory study investigates the role of social support in the initiation of prenatal care by analyzing data from interviews with 36 pregnant women at a public health facility in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. A systematic sample of U.S.-born women aged 19 to 34 who initiated care in each of the three trimesters was interviewed. After controlling for age and education, three variables were found to be associated with earlier estimated gestational age at the time of a woman's first prenatal visit: self-referral to care, more prenatal care advocates, and fewer children. There was no significant effect on the timing of entry to care associated with ethnicity, marital status, transportation availability, rural vs. urban residence, distance of residence from the clinic, or prior prenatal care at the public health facility. These results suggest that first-time mothers are likely seek early care and that family and friends play a significant support role in encouraging women to begin care, [prenatal care, pregnancy, social support, Medicaid, treatment choice]
Spray and jet cooling in steel rolling

Abstract Prediction and control of roll and strip cooling are necessary in modern steel mills because they not only affect the process efficiency but also strongly influence the quality of rolled products. In this article, relationships among metallurgy, heat transfer, and control of the cooling system in steel rolling are first discussed. Heat transfer characteristics associated with the water spray and jet cooling used in rolling processes are then studied. The effects of important convective heat transfer parameters on cooling perormance for both stationary and moving surfaces are examined. Results indicate that local heat fluxes up to 20 × 106 W/m2 are observed in the nucleate boiling regime. The present results are compared with typical boiling heat transfer studies in terms of heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficients, spray rate, and cooling efficiency. The effect of surface motion is found to increase the cooling efficiency of roll and strip cooling. Finally, implementation of the present finding in roll and strip cooling to thermomechanical processing in steel rolling is proposed.
Optical design for a LED search light

We demonstrate a searchlight based on a high brightness LED source. On the basis of conservation laws, an optical design is developed that concentrates the light of the source into a small cone.
Reversal of Morphine Disruption of Maternal Behavior by Concurrent Treatment with the Opiate Antagonist Naloxone

Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates.
Theory of ligand distortions-Application to the study of nuclear quadrupole interactions of the excited states of 111 Cd and 117 In in CdCl 2

Theory required for estimating the electric field gradients (EFGs) in ionic solids incorporating the effects of the ligand distortions due to the internal crystalline electric fields has been described. The EFGs have been derived from the distorted electronic charge distributions surrounding the nucleus under consideration in addition to the appropriate contributions from the multipole distributions in the lattice. Application of the theory has been made to study extensively the nuclear quadrupole interactions of the excited states of $^{111}\mathrm{Cd}$ and $^{117}\mathrm{In}$ in ${\mathrm{CdCl}}_{2}$. The results have been compared with those obtained under the cases: (i) "without ligand distortion"\char22{}which neglects the distortions of the ligands but considers the electronic as well as the "monopole and dipole" distributions in the crystal in a manner described previously, (ii) "monopoles and dipoles only" on the entire lattice, and (iii) "monopoles only" on the entire lattice. The ligand-distortion effects have been found to be very significant and the net EFGs change sign because of the ligand distortions. The need for obtaining the experimental sign of the quadrupole interaction frequencies in ${\mathrm{CdCl}}_{2}$ has been emphasized to understand the ligand-distortion effects on the EFG. Analysis of the EFGs from the cases considered reveals that the electronic contributions are dominant. This requires reanalysis of the experimental quadrupole interaction frequencies observed by the time-differential perturbed-angular-correlation technique in some Cd salts. The reanalysis yields the quadrupole moment $|Q(^{111}\mathrm{Cd})|$ very close to that obtained by Behrend and Budnick from the study of the circular polarization of the 247-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray of $^{111}\mathrm{Cd}$.
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Peritoneal Dialysis for Phenytoin Intoxication

Despite the indications of previous case reports and standard references, peritoneal dialysis did not appreciably enhance the elimination of phenytoin in our patient. In view of our observations, the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis for phenytoin poisoning should be seriously questioned. A careful reassessment of the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis for phenytoin should be performed and should consider the possible role of phenytoin metabolites contributing to toxicity. Until well-controlled studies support the use of any dialytic procedure for phenytoin overdosage, the management of these patients must rely on general measures to minimize absorption of the drug and on supportive treatment as indicated by the patient's condition.
Neuroprotective Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) were first derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) overexpressing green fluorescence protein (GFP). They expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD105, CD166 and nestin, but not CD34, CD45, CD106 SSEA-4 or Oct3/4. Twenty million eMSCs in 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected into the femoral veins of spontaneously hypertensive rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The migration and differentiation of the eMSCs in the ischemic brain were analyzed. The results revealed that eMSCs migrated to the infarction region and differentiated into neurons, which were positive for beta-tubulin III, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), HuC, neurofilament and human nuclear antibody, and to vascular endothelial cells, which were positive for von Willebrand factor (vWF). The transplanted cells survived in the infarction region for at least 4 weeks. Adhesive removal function significantly improved in the first week after cell transplantation, and rotarod motor function significantly improved starting from the second week. The infarction volume in the eMSC group was significantly smaller than that in the PBS control group at 4 weeks after infusion. The results of this study show that when administered intravenously, eMSCs differentiated into neuronal and endothelial cells, reduced the infarction volume, and improved behavioral functional outcome significantly in transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Variation in cryolesion penetration due to probe size and tissue thermal conductivity.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to present data comparing the penetration of cryolesions created by various sizes and shapes of cryoprobes in human cadaveric myocardium, fat, and tissue of the central fibrous body. Ten cryolesions were made for each combination of tissue and cryoprobe studied. All cryolesions enlarged most rapidly during the first minute of cryothermia ( p p
Comparison of Four Instruments Measuring Conflict Behavior

Test-retest reliabilities, internal consistencies, and convergent test validities were examined for four measures of interpersonal behavior in handling conflict. Subjects were 86 graduate students ...
Fulminant mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendinae in acute rheumatic fever

Aims: Description of the presentation and management of cases of fulminant mitral regurgitation in acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Methods: Retrospective case series of 4 children, aged 6–10 years, presenting in acute pulmonary oedema because of rupture of elongation of the chordae tendinae of the mitral valve leading to flail leaflets and severe mitral regurgitation. Results: Urgent cardiac surgery with mitral valve repair was performed. Resolution of heart failure was achieved in each case. The difficulties in diagnosis and management of this uncommon and often unrecognised presentation of ARF are discussed. Conclusions: Cardiac surgery can be life saving for fulminant mitral regurgitation due to rupture of chordae tendinae of the mitral valve in ARF
Population structure of Pacific Cordyline fruticosa (Laxmanniaceae) with implications for human settlement of Polynesia

The Polynesian-introduced Cordyline fruticosa is used as a proxy for reconstructing human colonization patterns in Oceania. Because of its material, nutritional, medicinal, and religious importance, green-leaved C. fruticosa was transferred by Polynesian settlers to virtually every habitable Pacific island before European contact. Previous studies propose that green-leaved C. fruticosa is unable to reproduce sexually. To confirm sterility, crosses between fertile and putatively sterile forms were performed. To look for population structure in C. fruticosa that might confirm sterility as well as illustrate patterns of human migration, amplified fragment length polymorphism data were generated. Genotypic similarities were visualized using neighbor joining phenograms and analyses of molecular variance and principal components. The results from greenhouse crosses show that the Eastern Polynesian form is sterile; this finding is corroborated by a lack of genetic variability in Eastern Polynesian accessions. Sterile C. fruticosa appears to have been preferentially transferred throughout Eastern Polynesia; selection for the sterile form may be related to consumption of its rhizomes. Identification of a sterile form of C. fruticosa, possibly developed within Western Polynesia, may be significant to the systematics of Cordyline because it raises the possibility that the fertile form may actually be native to some Pacific islands.
Cystic Fibrosis: How do CFTR mutations cause cystic fibrosis?

Abstract The key defect in cystic fibrosis is loss of chloride conductance, but mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene product, the CFTR, have multiple effects on cell physiology; new results help to reconcile these facts.
Crystallization of long-chain n-paraffins from solutions and melts as observed by differential scanning calorimetry

The crystallization of long-chain n-paraffins C28, C32, and C36 and of their binary mixtures from the melt and from solution in decane was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both rotator and monoclinic phases were observed in crystallization from the melt, but a single monoclinic phase is observed from decane solution. The binary solution of C36 + C32 in decane forms a solid solution which shows only one thermal peak during cooling and heating, whereas C36 + C28 crystallizes separately, showing two peaks from decane solution. A solid rotator phase forms first from a mixture of C36 + C28 cooled from the melt, followed at lower temperatures by a eutectic showing separation of the paraffins in a solid-state conversion to the monoclinic forms. The addition of microcrystalline poly(ethylene-butene) (PEB) random copolymers to long-chain paraffin solutions in decane induces heterogeneous nucleation on cooling.
Nameservers in a campus domain

The implementation of domain nameservice in a certain campus subdomain of the ARPA Internet has lead to several questions on the part of the local user community. This paper answers some of them. It describes the purpose of Internet domains and nameservers, how domains and networks are related, and the historical reasons for the existence of domains. There is a summary of the protocols nameservers use and of how they are implemented. Then the paper describes the logistics of how nameservers are used in a campus environment, first from the user's point of view, then from the administrators. Issues of the utility or necessity of subdomains of the campus domain are addressed. Finally, mailbox binding is treated: this is a potential use of the nameservers to provide a campus-wide distributed database of personal human names and their mappings into network host addresses.
Role of gain programming in the voluntary movement of the human forearm.

The dynamic behaviour of a one-link model of the human forearm is studied. The model reference adaptive aspect and the questions of parameter against signal adaptation are analysed by modelling the neural control mechanisms of the muscles. It is demonstrated that, for a precise target hit, a parameter adaptation scheme, corresponding to a central programming of system gains, is necessary. This programming of gains may shed some light on further functional aspects of the central nervous system.
A coding theorem for abstract memoryless channels

The proof of a coding theorem for abstract memoryless channels is given for a general constraint on codewords. Except for a few basic measure-theoretic facts the proof uses only known results for the discrete memoryless channel.
Effect of adrenalectomy on cadmium- and turpentine-induced hepatic synthesis of metallothionein and alpha 2-macrofetoprotein in the rat.

Recent reports have strongly implicated glucocorticoids in the induction of hepatic metallothionein synthesis and hypozincemia which occurs in certain pathophysiologic conditions. Studies were performed in rats to determine the effect of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid treatment on the hepatic accumulation of metallothionein subsequent to the administration of cadmium and turpentine, two diverse substances known to induce hypozincemia and hepatic synthesis of metallothionein as well as α2-macrofetoprotein in intact rats. By 24 h, both substances induced significant hypozincemia, hepatic metallothionein accumulation, and a severe tissue inflammatory response in adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomy only prevented the increase in plasma α2-macrofetoprotein concentration. Results indicate that hepatic synthesis of α2-macrofetoprotein, but not metallothionein, is mediated by adrenal hormones. Thus, glucocorticoids do not play a “vital” role in hepatic metallothionein accumulation or hypozincemia induced by inflammatory stress, as previously postulated.
Detection of calcific deposits in coronary arteries by ultrafast computed tomography and correlation with angiography

Abstract Calcium, when present in coronary arteries, is located in atherosclerotic plaque. 1–3 The presence of radiographically detectable calcium often correlates with the presence of angiographically significant coronary artery disease, particularly in younger populations. 3 The sensitivity and specificity of coronary artery calcium have been compared with coronary arteriography as the gold standard for definition of coronary artery stenosis. Fluoroscopic radiographic imaging methods have been previously used to detect coronary artery calcium. In addition, conventional computed tomography (CT) has been used to identify it, 4,5 and we have utilized ultrafast CT to detect its presence during routine clinical studies. 6 This study was performed to determine the potential clinical utility of ultrafast computed tomography detection of coronary artery calcium as a noninvasive screening tool for the prediction of angiographically significant coronary artery disease.
Energy-dependent signature of the spin-orbit interaction in inelastic nucleon-nucleus scattering

The two-body spin-orbit term in the nucleon-nucleon transition operator responsible for intermediate-energy nucleon-nucleus inelastic scattering is studied. It is shown that the simple characteristic energy dependence of the spin-orbit contribution at fixed momentum transfer q is largely maintained in the presence of antisymmetrization, distortion, and other energy-dependent effects. Fixed-q variable-energy plots of cross sections may therefore be useful as a diagnostic tool for important spin-orbit contributions for isoscalar transitions in the range 100< or =E/sub p/< or =400 MeV.
Actuator Fault Sensitivity Analysis for In-Wheel Motor Electric Ground Vehicle With Active Steering System

This paper presents the sensitivity analyses on vehicle motions with regard to faults of in-wheel motors and steering motor for an electric ground vehicle (EGV) with independently actuated in-wheel rear motors. Based on the vehicle model, direct method is applied to determine, to what extent, that different actuator faults affect vehicle motions such as the longitudinal velocity, lateral velocity, and yaw rate. For motion indices like vehicle sideslip angle and longitudinal acceleration, linearizations around equilibrium points are conducted and their sensitivities to actuator faults are analyzed. Results show that all mentioned vehicle motions are more sensitive to the fault of steering motor than that of in-wheel motors. In addition, the effects on vehicle motions due to four types of faults, i.e. additive, loss-of-effectiveness, time-varying-gain and stuck-at-fixed-level faults, are examined through CarSim® simulations and vehicle experiments under a representative maneuver.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Robust Packet Video Transport Over Wireless Fading Channels Using a Joint Source-channel Coding Approach

In this paper, we address the problem of robust video transmission over wireless networks. Specifically, we consider packet video transmission over wireless IP networks based on the RTP/UDP/IP protocol stack. Digital video delivered over wireless networks is expected to suffer quality degradation from both packet loss and bit errors in the payload. In this paper, both packet loss and bit errors in the payload are considered and the performance of a joint source-channel coding (JSCC) approach employing forward error-correction (FEC) coding schemes for H.263 + video transmission is studied. Results indicate that with an appropriate JSCC approach, FEC-based error-control techniques can significantly improve the packetization efficiency for a given end-to-end quality requirement and lead to more acceptable video delivery quality over time-varying wireless networks. Another important observation is that with a JSCC approach the fading effects of wireless links upon end-to-end video quality are substantially decreased compared to a system without using channel coding, resulting in attractive robust performance characteristics.
Time-gated detection of europium nanoparticles in a microchannel-based environmental immunoassay

Using MEMs (Micro Electro Mechanical system) fabrication techniques, it is possible make a micro-sized instrument for optical detection of trace amounts of chemical species in aqueous solutions. The redemitting Eu 2 O 3 nanoparticle is suitable for a biolabel for such species because of its long fluorescence lifetime and narrow emission bandwidth. The europium nanoparticles are excited by a laser pulse. Their long-lived emission allows the detected signal to be separated from the laser pulse both spectrally and temporally. The background signal can also be eliminated in this manner. The instrument we present, is assembled with silicon and glass layers with a 200μm deep channel. A Nd:YAG pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is used as the excitation source. The measurement sensitivities using two detectors, a PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube) and an APD (Avalanche Photodiode), are compared. The underlying fundamental principles and the micro-fabrication steps for the instrument and detection are discussed.
Body mass index following natural menopause and hysterectomy with and without bilateral oophorectomy.

Body mass index following natural menopause and hysterectomy with and without bilateral oophorectomy
Complete 1H and 13C assignments of fluorinated analogs of dehydroepiandrosterone.

The complete assignments of all 1H and 13C chemical shifts were made for the fluorinated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analog fluasterone, 2, and two potential in vivo metabolites 3 and 4. The assignments were made using a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques (1H, 13C, gDQCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC). Once the proton chemical shifts were assigned, the stereochemistry of the two hydroxylated analogs was determined using 2D ROESY experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation, Packing, and Sintering of Monodisperse TiO2 Powders

Monodisperse TiO2 powders were synthesized by the controlled hydrolysis of dilute alcoholic solutions of titanium alkoxides. The state of powder aggregation in dispersions and powder packing in the green bodies strongly affected the sintering behavior. The sintering of uniformly packed powder compacts resulted in finegrained microstructures with >99% of theoretical density nt temperatures much lower than those required to sinter conventional TiO2 powders.
Image Processing-Based Mine Detection Techniques: A Review

Various mine detection techniques are reviewed with particular emphasis on signal and image processing methods. Based on the target, mines are classified into two types; anti-tank mine (ATM) and anti-personnel mine (APM). Because of the variety of mine types, current mine detection techniques are diversified. The assumption is made that most mine detection techniques consist of sensor, signal processing, and decision processes. For the sensor part, ground penetration radar (GPR), infrared (IR), and ultrasound (US) sensors are reviewed and their characteristics are summarized for the corresponding output signals. For the signal processing and decision parts, a set of image processing techniques including filtering, enhancement, feature extraction, and segmentation are surveyed. Segmentation is used to extract mine signal from various competing signals. For most image processing techniques covered by this paper, mine detection related experimental results are included or reproduced from existing works.
Juvenile offenders and mental illness

The author reviews the significance of the presence of mental illnesses to the juvenile justice system. He acknowledges the absence of a satisfactory system for classifying mental disorders among children and adolescents and sketches what so far is known about certain childhood disorders which appear to have a special significance for delinquent behaviour. He reviews studies on the overlap between delinquency and mental illness amongst young people and argues for the need for standardized screening tools for assessment of young people. In particular, he explains the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (“the MAYSI”). He argues that significant opportunities for learning more about, and treating, mental illnesses among juvenile offenders accompany the increasingly punitive trends in United States criminal justice.