cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medical and Psychosocial Needs of Olympic and Pan American Athletes after the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti: An Opportunity to Promote Resilience Through Sports Medicine and Public Diplomacy

Introduction On January 12, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated Haiti. Data regarding the prevalence of medical and psychosocial needs after the earthquake is scarce, complicating informed targeting of aid. The effects of the earthquake on athletes, as they differ from the general population, are especially unclear. The Center for Disaster Resilience (Boston, Massachusetts USA) and the Disaster Medicine Section at Harvard Medical School (Boston, Massachusetts USA) have partnered with Child in Hand to care for athletes training for the Pan American and Olympic games in Haiti, as well as for children from the general population. This report presents preliminary epidemiologic data illustrating the burden of medical and psychosocial needs of Haitian athletes and the general population after the earthquake of 2010. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional, comparative study conducted a year after the earthquake. The study group comprised 104 athletes, aged 12-18 years, enrolled from the National Sports Center in Haiti. The control group (N = 104) from the general population was age- and gender-matched from orphanages and schools in and around Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Medical teams assessed illness based on history and physicals. Psychosocial teams utilized the Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS). Two-proportion z tests and two-sample t tests were used to compare the proportions of medical illnesses, mean CPDS scores, and proportion of CPDS scores indicating treatment. RESULTS: The most prevalent medical condition in athletes was musculoskeletal pain, which was more common than in controls (49% versus 2.9%). All other medical conditions were more common in the controls than athletes: abdominal pain (28.8% versus 4.8%); headache (22.1% versus 5.8%); fever (15.4% versus 1%); and malnutrition (18.3% versus 1.9%). In contrast, there was no significant difference in mean psychosocial scores and the proportion of scores indicating treatment between athletes and controls. CONCLUSION: Elite athletes in Haiti have a low prevalence of most medical conditions after the disaster, suggesting that they may be protected from risk factors affecting the general population. However, athletes have a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal ailments and were not protected from psychosocial distress. This presents an opportunity for sports medicine physicians and mental health providers to engage in efforts to rebuild Haiti on an individual level by providing targeted care to athletes, and on a larger scale, by supporting international sports competition, which enhances human capital and facilitates public diplomacy. Yim ES , Macy RD , Ciottone G. Medical and psychosocial needs of Olympic and Pan American athletes after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: an opportunity to promote resilience through sports medicine and public diplomacy. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-5. Language: en
Mikrochemie in den Vereinigten Staaten

Es sollen hier die bemerkenswertesten Zuge mikrochemischer Arbeit in den USA gezeigt werden. Da es unmoglich ist, auf Einzelheiten einzugehen, sind die Literaturhinweise so gewahlt, das sie zur Erschliesung der US.-Fachliteratur benutzt werden konnen. Die Kenntnis der deutschen Entwicklungen hingegen wird, als durch Spezialzeitschriften und Veroffentlichungen dieser Zeitschrift bekannt, vorausgesetzt.
A Conversational Compiler for Full PL/I

Most language processors used with terminal systems have major restrictions in power and ease of use. The proliferation of custom-built conversational languages and compilers points to the lack of a terminal-oriented implementation of one of the major languages acceptable to a wide and varied class of users. The PL/I Checkout Compiler, released by IBM in November 1971 and developed at the Hursley Laboratories near Winchester, is intended to plug this gap. Working under the Time Sharing Option (TSO) of OS/360, it 1. Provides comprehensive facilities for dynamically debugging and correcting programs. 2. Implements the full PL/I language. 3. Is designed especially for ease of use at a terminal.
Relationship between Acculturation and Psychological Impairment in Adult Mexican Americans

Some have argued that the Mexican American's relinquishment of traditional values lessens acculturative stress and associated adjustment problems (the "melting pot" or "damaging culture" hypothesis...
QoS-based management of multiple shared resource in dynamic real-time systems

Dynamic real-time systems require adaptive resource management to accommodate varying processing needs. We address the problem of resource management with multiple shared resources for soft real-time systems consisting of tasks that have discrete QoS settings that correspond to varying resource usage and varying utility. Given an amount of available resource, the problem is to provide on-line control of the tasks' QoS settings so as to optimize the overall system utility. We propose several heuristic algorithms that will be shown to be compatible with the requirements imposed by our control theoretical resource management framework: (1) By only making incremental adjustments to QoS settings as available resources change, they provide low run-time complexity, making them suitable for use in on-line resource managers. (2) Differences between actual utility and optimal utility do not accumulate over time, so there is no long-term degradation in performance. (3) The lower and upper bound on actual utility can be calculated dynamically based on current system conditions, and absolute bounds can be calculated statically in advance. (4) It is possible to respond to the actual resource possible, allowing all resources to be used and tolerating misspecification of task resource requirements.
Trans-spinal direct current stimulation modifies spinal cord excitability through synaptic and axonal mechanisms

The spinal cord is extremely complex. Therefore, trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is expected to produce a multitude of neurophysiological changes. Here, we asked how tsDCS differentially affects synaptic and nonsynaptic transmission. We investigated the effects of tsDCS on synaptically mediated responses by stimulating the medullary longitudinal fascicle and recording responses in the sciatic nerve and triceps and tibialis anterior muscles. Response amplitude was increased during cathodal-tsDCS (c-tsDCS), but reduced during anodal-tsDCS (a-tsDCS). After-effects were dependent on the frequency of the test stimulation. c-tsDCS-reduced responses evoked by low-frequency (0.5 Hz) test stimulation and increased responses evoked by high-frequency (400 Hz) test stimulation. a-tsDCS had opposite effects. During and after c-tsDCS, excitability of the lateral funiculus tract (LFT) and dorsal root fibers was increased. However, a-tsDCS caused a complex response, reducing the excitability of LFT and increasing dorsal root fiber responses. Local DC application on the sciatic nerve showed that the effects of DC on axonal excitability were dependent on polarity, duration of stimulation, temporal profile (during vs. after stimulation), orientation of the current direction relative to the axon and relative to the direction of action potential propagation, distance from the DC electrode, and the local environment of the nervous tissue. Collectively, these results indicate that synaptic as well as axonal mechanisms might play a role in tsDCS-induced effects. Therefore, this study identified many factors that should be considered in interpreting results of DCS and in designing tsDCS-based interventions.
Linearization about constant operating points: An input-output viewpoint

For a class of stationary nonlinear systems that can be described by Volterra series, input-output definitions of the familiar notions of a constant operating point and the corresponding linearized system are discussed. Some recent results are reviewed with emphasis on the motivation for the input-output formulation. Then, to illustrate the utility of the approach, the problem of finding the linearization of an interconnection of nonlinear systems in terms of the subsystem linearizations is considered.
Evaluation of QRS Criteria in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A group of 173 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was studied by electrocardiogram (ECG) and lung function tests to determine which QRS complex criteria are most useful in diagnosing COPD. Patients were divided into quartiles based on pulmonary function, quartile IV being the most impaired. The best QRS criteria were R Ve amplitude of .5 mv or less and R/S ratio Ve or 1.0 or less, present five times more in quartile IV than I. QRS axis greater than 75° or greater than 90° was present twice as often in quartile IV. The remaining criteria were worthless. The R V6 and R/S ratio V6 were superior to the usually employed frontal plane P amplitude, but inferior to frontal plane P axis. Utilizing the best of both QRS and P criteria insures optimal ECG diagnosis of COPD.
Fast Generation of t-ary Trees

This paper presents new algorithms for generating all n-node t-ary trees in linked representation which take constant average time per tree. They use fewer memory references and are considerably faster than previous such algorithms.
Causes of death and case fatality rates among infants with down syndrome in metropolitan Atlanta.

BACKGROUND: There is limited population-based information on the extent of underreporting of congenital heart defects (CHD) as a cause of death among infants with Down syndrome (DS) and on the variation in case fatality by presence of CHD and age at death. METHODS: Using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), we identified infants with DS born 1979–2003. We used data from Georgia death certificates and the National Death Index to determine vital status and identify causes of death. Using MACDP records as a reference, we calculated the sensitivity and positive predictive value of reports of CHD as any cause of death or contributing condition in death certificates. We calculated race-specific case fatality rate by infant's age at death and presence of CHD. RESULTS: CHD was the most frequently reported cause of death from death certificates; however, a review of causes of death and birth defects data indicated a potentially greater impact of CHD among DS infant deaths than could be determined from the reported cause of death. The case fatality rate among infants with DS was significantly higher among blacks than whites, with the greatest racial disparity observed among infants without CHD who died in the post-neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts are needed to improve reporting of causes of death related to CHD among infants with DS that would allow for a clearer assessment of determinants of case fatality among DS infants and identification of possible ways to reduce the racial disparities. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 79:775–780, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A multi-shank silk-backed parylene neural probe for reliable chronic recording

Many chronic brain implants would benefit from a neural probe with many densely configured electrodes with stable recording quality. We present a novel strategy to scale up the number of electrodes with minimized risk of proportionally increasing the adverse foreign body reactions. A flexible parylene probe having 64 electrodes has been designed and fabricated with unique geometries for reduced tissue reactions. Biocompatible silk fibroin was patterned to provide a biodegradable mechanical support of the flexible probe during insertion. We validated the design with in vivo recording in rats and observed no significant deterioration in recording quality for over 5 weeks.
A case series on the technical use of three‐dimensional image guidance in subaxial anterior cervical surgery

Background Three dimensional (3D) image guidance has been used to improve the safety of complex spine surgeries, but its use has been limited in anterior cervical spine approaches. Methods Twenty-two patients underwent complex anterior cervical spine surgeries in which 3D image guidance provided intraoperative assistance with the dissection, decompression and implant placement. One of two paired systems, the BrainLAB (BrainLAB, Westchester, Illinois) system, or Stealth (Medtronic Inc., Littleton, Massachusetts) system was used for 3D image guidance in this study. Results Image guidance was able to reliably locate pertinent anatomical structures in complex anterior cervical spine surgery involving re-exploration, dissection around vertebral arteries or deformity correction. No complications occurred, and no patients required a revision anterior surgery. Conclusion This technical note describes the setup and technique for the use of cone beam computed tomography (cbCT)-based, 3D image guidance in subaxial anterior cervical surgery. The authors have found this technique to be a useful adjunct in revision anterior cervical procedures, as well as anterior cervical procedures involving corpectomy or tumor removal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructing a feminist organization’s identity in a competitive marketplace: The intersection of ideology, image, and culture

Feminist organizations today must maintain their distinctive organizational identities in a competitive marketplace in which feminism has become one choice amidst many social change causes. Alignment among organizational identity, stakeholder images, and organizational culture can give feminist organizations a competitive advantage. However, feminist theory and practice have surfaced alignment challenges that can undermine organizational success. This article extends understandings of identity, image, and culture alignment by accounting for the role of ideology. In particular, this article explores how an independent media business that publishes a feminist popular culture magazine localizes feminist ideology discursively to enable alignment and satisfy diverse stakeholders. In doing so, this article fills a gap in feminist organization research by looking at how and where ideological lines are drawn by an organization trading in the economies of popular culture, image, and branding. Lessons for organizations faced with similar identity challenges are offered.
The Mechanisms of Emergence

This article focuses on emergence in social systems. The author begins by proposing a new tool to explore the mechanisms of social emergence: multi agent–based computer simulation. He then draws on philosophy of mind to develop an account of social emergence that raises potential problems for the methodological individualism of both social mechanism and of multi agent simulation. He then draws on various complexity concepts to propose a set of criteria whereby one can determine whether a given social mechanism generates emergent properties, in the sense that their explanation cannot be reduced to a mechanistic account of individuals and their interactions. This combined account helps to resolve the competing claims of methodological individualists and social realists. The author’s conclusion is that the scope of mechanistic explanation may be limited due to the extreme complexity of many social systems.
Tube‐wall catalytic reactor cooled by an annular heat pipe

Cooling a tube-wall reactor using an annular heat pipe (AHP) is more temperature-stable, more flexible and more productive than cooling by conventional means. Tube-wall reactors cooled by an annular heat pipe arrangement exhibit flatter temperature profiles and uniform redistribution of the imposed heat load. The combination of tube-wall reactor and annular heat pipe is subject to the usual capacity limitations of the heat pipe: sonic flow, boiling heat transfer, liquid entrainment, and capillary flow of the working fluid.
Inaccuracy of the “Naïve Table Mix” Calculations

This article extends the analysis of table mixes for restaurants, on the principle that table mix helps drive revenue. The article presents the results of a simulation experiment of more than forty-six thousand restaurant contexts to evaluate the accuracy of “naive table mix” calculations. An earlier study presented a simple method of calculating a recommended mix of tables in a restaurant, and another found that those calculations provided table mixes yielding within about 1 percent of the revenue provided by the optimal table mix. While the earlier simulation studies assumed that the space required by a table was directly proportional to the number of seats it contained, that is not always the case. Thus, this article presents space-oriented versions of the existing naive table mix methods. The article also presents the results of a test of two other forms of the naive table mix calculations, which include party revenue (or contribution). The simplest of the naive table mix models proved to be the best,...
Effect of Enzyme‐Inducing and Enzyme‐Inhibiting Agents on Drug Absorption II: Influence of Proadifen on 3-0-Methylglucose Transport in Rats

Studies utilizing the in vitro everted rat jejunum were performed to investigate the effects of proadifen pretreatment and fasting on active and passive intestinal transfer of 3-O-methylglucose. Animals were pretreated 24 hr prior to the experiments with 100 mg of proadifen/kg ip. With mucosal concentrations of 0.1 mM 3-O-methylglucose and 14C-3-O-methylglucose, transfer to the sugar-free serosal buffer after pretreatment with proadifen was 50% greater than controls after a 24-hr fast and 120% greater than controls after a 48-hr fast. Everted intestinal segments obtained from unfasted control animals showed diminished ability to transfer the sugar derivative, with transfer rates approximately 50% less than those of segments obtained from 24-hr fasted control animals. Wet and dry tissue weights for 24- and 48 hr-fasted groups increased following proadifen pretreatment. The results suggest that proadifen enhances 3-O-methylglucose transport across the rat jejunum and also increases intestinal tissue weight.
Three-axis measurement and cancellation of background magnetic fields to less than 50 µG in a cold atom experiment

Many experiments involving cold and ultracold atomic gases require very precise control of magnetic fields that couple to and drive the atomic spins. Examples include quantum control of atomic spins, quantum control and quantum simulation in optical lattices, and studies of spinor Bose condensates. This makes accurate cancellation of the (generally time dependent) background magnetic field a critical factor in such experiments. We describe a technique that uses the atomic spins themselves to measure dc and ac components of the background field independently along three orthogonal axes, with a resolution of a few tens of µG in a bandwidth of ~1 kHz. Once measured, the background field can be cancelled with three pairs of compensating coils driven by arbitrary waveform generators. In our laboratory, the magnetic field environment is sufficiently stable for the procedure to reduce the field along each axis to less than ~50 µG rms, corresponding to a suppression of the ac part by about one order of magnitude. This suggests that our approach can provide access to a new low-field regime in cold atom experiments.
Critical Success/Failure Factors in Implementation of Web-Based Construction Project Management Systems

This paper focuses on Web-Based Project Management Systems (WPMS) which can be rented or leased from application service providers (ASP) for a usage fee. These systems are referred to as “Project Management – Application Service Providers (PM-ASP)”. The paper discusses an ongoing research effort to develop an analytical model to capture the critical success/failure factors of PM-ASP implementation in construction firms. This model is intended for planning and management of PM-ASP implementations, and for promoting the possibility of a successful widespread adoption of PM-ASP applications in the construction industry.
Skyrmions in Functional Materials

Skyrmions are topological spin defects which have been observed in chiral magnets and other materials including some multiferroics in recent years. The typical size of a skyrmion varies in the range 5–100 nm with thousands of spins in it and a characteristic energy scale of 1 meV per layer. They can also be viewed as emergent mesoscopic particles which can be moved or manipulated by electrical current, temperature gradient, electric and magnetic field, thus rendering them useful for a variety of applications including information storage. In particular, the current needed to move a skyrmion is five to six orders of magnitude smaller than that needed for moving magnetic domain walls and vortices, therefore making them promising candidates for spintronics.
Seasonality of Presentation of Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Environmental influences are thought to have an aetiological role in onset of diabetes in children. Month of onset in over 2000 children in Scotland was established and there was an excess in colder/darker months than in warmer/lighter months. A meta-analysis of 21 previous studies with over 13,000 patients gave the same result at a much higher level of significance. A mechanism is postulated based on previous viral induced islet cell damage with ongoing progressive auto-immune destruction. There may be physiological seasonal changes with winter stress on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The raised winter levels of pituitary, adrenal and thyroid hormones fail to be antagonised by falling level of insulin. A role for seasonal variation in exercise and nutrition is considered.
The NOvA simulation chain

The NOνA experiment is a two-detector, long-baseline neutrino experiment operating in the recently upgraded NuMI muon neutrino beam. Simulating neutrino interactions and backgrounds requires many steps including: the simulation of the neutrino beam flux using FLUKA and the FLUGG interface; cosmic ray generation using CRY; neutrino interaction modeling using GENIE; and a simulation of the energy deposited in the detector using GEANT4. To shorten generation time, the modeling of detector-specific aspects, such as photon transport, detector and electronics noise, and readout electronics, employs custom, parameterized simulation applications. We will describe the NOνA simulation chain, and present details on the techniques used in modeling photon transport near the ends of cells, and in developing a novel data-driven noise simulation. Due to the high intensity of the NuMI beam, the Near Detector samples a high rate of muons originating in the surrounding rock. In addition, due to its location on the surface at Ash River, MN, the Far Detector collects a large rate (˜ 140 kHz) of cosmic muons. We will discuss the methods used in NOνA for overlaying rock muons and cosmic ray muons with simulated neutrino interactions and show how realistically the final simulation reproduces the preliminary NOνA data.
Stress Stability of PECVD Silicon Nitride Films During Device Fabrication

Conventional, dense dielectrics serve as structural elements in Cu/low-k interconnect structures, and a full understanding of their thermo-mechanical properties is desired to help optimize device fabrication and avoid mechanical failure. Wafer curvature measurements were made on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride films during thermal cycling to explore the large, irreversible, tensile stress developed. Spectroscopic techniques were used to probe the composition and structure of the films after annealing steps and indicate that reaction of hydrogen-containing defects provides the mechanism for stress change. A simple kinetic model, modified by the inclusion of an equilibrium function of hydrogen defects, is proposed and is found to adequately describe stress development.
The Impact of the Great Recession on County Human Service Organizations: A Cross Case Analysis

ABSTRACTThis exploratory qualitative study examines the experiences of eleven county human-service agencies as they worked through the budget reduction process during the Great Recession (2008–2013). The principles and values that guided decisions are identified retrospectively through an analysis of 46 individual interviews with members of the senior management in each organization. The findings include decision-making strategies that include the engagement of stakeholders as well as the tactics employed for balancing the budget. The study informants reflect upon the success of their actions and upon the environmental and organizational factors that facilitated and constrained managerial decision making. The study concludes with implications for practice and future research.
Abstract 266: The interaction between MUC1 and erbB3 promotes erbB3 signaling and cell survival

MUC1 is an oncogenic glycoprotein overexpressed in more than 90% of metastatic breast cancers. The expression of MUC1 has been linked to promote cell transformation by interacting with a number of known oncogenes, including the erbB receptors. When coexpressed, MUC1 strongly promotes erbB1-dependent breast cancer in the WAP-TGFalpha transgenic mouse model and inhibits ligand-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of erbB1. ErbB1 belongs to a receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily, including erbB1/EGFR, erbB2/neu, erbB3 and erbB4, all of which have been implicated in cancer progression. ErbB3 is one of the dimerization partners for erbB1 implicated in invasive breast cancer and may be responsible for the resistance to erbB1-directed therapy. In the present study, we set out to understand the effect of interaction between MUC1 and erbB3 on erbB3 stability and signaling. We show that the expression of MUC1 inhibits the degradation of neuregulin1beta (NRG1beta)-stimulated erbB3 and prolongs NRG1beta-dependent dpERK and pAKT activation in BT20 breast cancer cell line. By cell proliferation assay, we demonstrate that MUC1 promotes NRG1beta-dependent survival signals in BT20 cells. ErbB1 is found to complex with erbB3 only in the presence of MUC1 and NRG1beta stimulation. In addition, MUC1 forms a complex with erbB1 and erbB3 only in the presence of NRG1beta stimulation. In summary, the interaction between MUC1 and erbB3 results in inhibition of ligand-induced degradation of erbB3 receptor and prolongation of erbB3 downstream signaling, especially ERK and AKT activation, which leads to cell survival. The possible mechanism is through the formation of functional erbB1/erbB3 heterodimers facilitated by MUC1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 266.
11.12 Sand Seas and Dune Fields

Sand seas and dune fields are important depositional landforms in many mid- and low-latitude deserts. Most sand seas and dune fields exhibit clear spatial patterns of dune morphological type as well as variations in sediment thickness, dune size, crest length, number of pattern defects, and spacing. These patterns reflect the self-organizing nature of dune systems as well as the external geomorphic and climatic boundary conditions – such as wind regime, sediment supply – in which the sand sea has evolved.
Surveillance of Antibody Level to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)Virus in Guangyuan

Objective To understand the immunological level against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in population in Guangyuan and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1).Methods Serum samples were taken from the people in different age groups in urban and rural areas to detect the hemagglutination-inhibition(HI) antibody against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus,and the antibody level was analyzed statistically.Results Totally 754 serum samples were taken,140 were HI antibody positive for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1Nl) virus,and the positive rate was 18.6%,and the GMT was 1∶11.There were statistical significant differences on the antibody level in different cross-sectional periods and among different areas(P0.05).There were no statistical significant differences on the antibody level among different age groups and between males and females(P0.05).By multivariate logistic regression analysis,factors as the rate of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccination,cross-sectional period and area differences were significantly associated with sero-positivity of HI antibody to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus.Conclusion Over 18% of the population in Guangyuan had protective antibody against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1Nl) virus,but the level was still low.It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of the vaccination against 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1Nl) virus infection.
Angiographic complications during stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

The authors assess the complications and risks associated with stereotactic angiography compared with those encountered in routine cerebral angiography and judge them to be no greater
The Probabilistic Account of Causation

The probabilistic account of causation is presented in this chapter. Roughly, this account states that causes increase the probability of their effects. As a notorious problem for such a simple characterisation of causation, the case of spurious causation will be explained. This permits introducing the notion of screening off, which is crucial to the discussion of overdetermination cases. In general, redundant causes screen other causes off from their effects. Again, a notion of causation with regard to some context will be illuminating with respect to overdetermination scenarios.
Analysis of proteins in conditioned medium that trigger monogonont rotifer mictic reproduction

The initiation, rate, duration, and termination of reproduction in the rotifer life cycle are tightly regulated, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Environmental signals are sensed and transduced to chemical signals within rotifers to integrate asexual and sexual reproduction. Crowding, diet, and photoperiod are environmental signals used by various rotifer species to initiate sexual reproduction, but most advances in the last 10 years have been in discovering how rotifer crowding is a case of quorum sensing. Female brachionids release a protein into their medium that acts as a pheromone and accumulates to trigger mictic reproduction. Candidates for this mixis-inducing protein (MIP) have been isolated from rotifer-conditioned medium and characterized biochemically. A N-terminal partial amino acid sequence of a particularly promising 39 kD protein was used to prepare a polyclonal antibody. This antibody immunoprecipitated a 22 kD protein from rotifer-conditioned medium and inhibited mixis induction. Future advances will benefit from the production of transgenic rotifers to confirm the mixis-inducing action of this putative MIP gene.
337. CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Highly Efficient Genome Engineering in Mouse Embryos

CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-based adaptive immune system used by bacteria and archaea to cleave foreign nucleic acids (e.g. bacteriophage DNA). This system has been adapted as a tool to edit mammalian genes with high efficiency and specificity. Here, we describe our use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to achieve targeted gene knock outs and targeted gene repair in one cell stage mouse embryos. We have efficiently mutated tyrosinase (a coat color gene), p53 (a tumor suppressor gene), and Cacna1a (a voltage-gated ion channel gene) in mouse embryos by injection of Cas9 mRNA plus either a single or paired guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Single sgRNAs typically induced deletions of 1 bp to several hundred bp at their target site whereas paired sgRNAs generated localized deletions at high efficiency. For gene repair, we used 700 bp to 2 kb donor DNAs and a single sgRNA to promote gene correction by homology-mediated repair. Our experimental data revealed 8 to 18% efficiency of gene correction. When we used two sgRNAs to target a single exon, all of the newborn mice from one experiment showed targeted therapy for an inherited genetic disorder, albinism. No one has previously published a protocol that has achieved gene repair with this level of effectiveness. Our results confirm that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for efficient gene targeting and gene repair in vivo.
Teleseismic location techniques and their application to earthquake clusters in the South-Central Pacific

abstract Improved methods for single-and multiple-event hypocenter determinations are developed and applied to the problem of locating earthquake clusters in the South-Central Pacific Ocean. Bayesian statistical methods are used to incorporate a priori information about arrival-time variance into the derivation of hypocenter confidence ellipsoids, permitting a more realistic calculation of critical parameters in the case where the number of stations is small. The diagonal elements of certain projection operators, called “data importances” by Minster et al. (1974), are used to evaluate network balance. The hypocentroid of an event cluster is defined to be the average location of events within the cluster, and the deviations of individual hypocenters from the hypocentroid are called cluster vectors . The problem of estimating the cluster vectors can be decoupled from the problem of estimating the hypocentroid by a simple but fundamental mathematical result, here termed the hypocentroidal decomposition theorem. The algorithm based on this analysis appears to have many advantages over other published methods for multiple-event location, both in its efficient use of available information and its computational speed. The application of this method to three clusters of shallow intraplate seismicity in the South-Central Pacific, designated Regions A, B, and C, demonstrates that the seismicity within each cluster is very localized; the rms lengths of the cluster vectors for each group of epicenters are estimated to be only 9, 6, and 12 km, respectively. Estimates of the epicentroids are
PRODUCTIVITY OF A HYBRIDOMA CELL LINE IN A RANGE OF SUSPENSION AND IMMOBILISED CULTURE SYSTEMS

Mouse hybridoma (C1E3) was grown in a variety of suspension and immobilised bed systems, in batch, continuous and continuously perfused operation. Immobilised systems achieved higher reactor space time productivities than suspension systems (batch or continuous), which had values of 9–25 mg per litre reactor active volume per day. Of the immobilised systems the Verax System One gave the best performance figures (540 mg per litre reactor active volume per day) compared to the fixed bed (166 mg per litre reactor active volume per day).
Effectiveness of career choice interventions: A meta-analytic replication and extension

Abstract This meta-analysis of career choice intervention is a replication of Brown and Ryan Krane's (2000) notable meta-analysis. This random-effects meta-analysis included 57 published and unpublished studies that produced a weighted mean effect size of 0.352. Seven separate meta-analyses were conducted for the outcomes of vocational identity, career maturity, career decidedness, career decision-making self-efficacy, perceived environmental support, perceived career barriers, and outcome expectations. Studies (k = 32) that utilized measures of career decision-making self-efficacy had the largest effect sizes with an average of 0.452. This effect size was homogeneous, but tentative moderator analyses were conducted. Counselor support appears to be a critical ingredient in career choice counseling. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Corpo and Corpus: Paranoid and Reparative Writing in Sibilla Aleramo’s Una donna and Il passaggio

This essay considers the ending of Sibilla Aleramo’s Una donna (1906) in terms of its much-discussed fictionalization of autobiographical material. It then highlights the narrative and literary (dis)continuity that exists between the ending and the book that followed, Il passaggio (1919). Arguing that we can read the movement from Una donna to Il passaggio in terms of a hermeneutical shift from suspicion, in Ricoeur’s terms, to a reparative position, to use Sedgwick’s phrase, this essay envisions as fundamental to Aleramo the possibilities inscribed in narrative, the power to move (and remove) one’s body [corpo] from the materiality assigned to women by patriarchy, and to reinsert it within a citational economy of trust in the written word [corpus] and the written word’s surprises.
Prosecutorial Discretion and Prosecution Guidelines: A Case Study in Controlling Federalization

In this Article, Michael Simons examines the ways in which the federalization of crime can be controlled. Simons argues that prosecutorial discretion is the most important variable in the federalization process and that controlling prosecutorial discretion is the key to controlling federalization. He presents the Child Support Recovery Act as a model for how prosecution guidelines for federal criminal statutes can provide such control. Federalization of criminal child support enforcement has been successful because federal prosecutors have exercised discretion in a manner consistent with the concerns expressed by the bench and the academy about federalization. Simons concludes by exploring how such guidelines would prevent the implementation of other criminal statutes from usurping state authority, overwhelming the federal courts, and treating individual defendants unfairly.
Alejandra Pizarnik and the Poetics of Radical Incarnation

Generally appreciated as one of the most original and creative voices in twentieth-century Latin American poetry, Alejandra Pizarnik (Argentina, 1936–1972) has not been regarded as a religious poet. Yet despite her explicit disavowal of all forms of religious commitment, Pizarnik’s work is nonetheless animated by fundamentally theological concerns. This article examines in detail the theological motif of “incarnation” in Pizarnik’s verse. It argues that, despite her avowed secularism, Pizarnik frames her own poetic project in explicitly incarnational language and that this theologically inflected vision underwrites her conception of poetic meaning-making.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Titanium Nitride Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Reactions: Oxidation to TiO2 and Fluorination to Volatile TiF4

The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of TiN was demonstrated using a new etching mechanism based on sequential, self-limiting oxidation and fluorination reactions. The oxidation reactant was either O3 or H2O2, and the fluorination reactant was hydrogen fluoride (HF) derived from HF-pyridine. In the proposed reaction mechanism, the O3 reaction oxidizes the surface of the TiN substrate to a TiO2 layer and gaseous NO. HF exposure to the TiO2 layer then produces TiF4 and H2O as volatile reaction products. The overall reaction can be written as TiN + 3O3 + 4HF → TiF4 + 3O2 + NO + 2H2O. Quartz crystal microbalance studies showed that HF can spontaneously etch TiO2 films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray reflectivity analysis showed that TiN films were etched linearly versus the number of ALE cycles using O3 and HF as the reactants. The TiN etching also occurred selectively in the presence of Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, SiO2, and Si3N4. The etch rate for TiN ALE was determined at temperatures from 150 to 350 °C. Th...
Identifying Strategies for Effective Telemedicine Use in Intensive Care Units: The ConnECCT Study Protocol.

Telemedicine, the use of audiovisual technology to provide health care from a remote location, is increasingly used in intensive care units (ICUs). However, studies evaluating the impact of ICU telemedicine show mixed results, with some studies demonstrating improved patient outcomes, while others show limited benefit or even harm. Little is known about the mechanisms that influence variation in ICU telemedicine effectiveness, leaving providers without guidance on how to best use this potentially transformative technology. The Contributors to Effective Critical Care Telemedicine (ConnECCT) study aims to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the clinical and organizational factors associated with variation in ICU telemedicine effectiveness, as well as exploring the clinical contexts and provider perceptions of ICU telemedicine use and its impact on patient outcomes, using a range of qualitative methods. In this report, we describe the study protocol, data collection methods, and planned future analyses of...
Altered kinematics of arm swing in Parkinson's disease patients indicates declines in gait under dual-task conditions.

Abstract Objective Declines in simultaneous performance of a cognitive and motor task are present in Parkinson's disease due to compromised basal ganglia function related to information processing. The aim of this project was to determine if biomechanical measures of arm swing could be used as a marker of gait function under dual-task conditions in Parkinson's disease patients. Methods Twenty-three patients with Parkinson's disease completed single and dual-task cognitive-motor tests while walking on a treadmill at a self-selected rate. Multiple cognitive domains were evaluated with five cognitive tests. Cognitive tests were completed in isolation (single-task) and simultaneously with gait (dual-task). Upper extremity biomechanical data were gathered using the Motek CAREN system. Primary outcomes characterizing arm swing were: path length, normalized jerk, coefficient of variation of arm swing time, and cognitive performance. Results Performance on the cognitive tasks were similar across single and dual-task conditions. However, biomechanical measures exhibited significant changes between single and dual-task conditions, with the greatest changes occurring in the most challenging conditions. Arm swing path length decreased significantly from single to dual-task, with the greatest decrease of 21.16%. Jerk, characterizing smoothness, increased significantly when moving from single to dual-task conditions. Conclusion The simultaneous performance of a cognitive and gait task resulted in decrements in arm swing while cognitive performance was maintained. Arm swing outcomes provide a sensitive measure of declines in gait function in Parkinson's disease under dual-task conditions. The quantification of arm swing is a feasible approach to identifying and evaluating gait related declines under dual-task conditions.
Using Teleconferencing to Meet the Needs of Children, 0 to 3 Years Old, with Disabilities in Rural Areas.

Serving families who live in rural communities can be a challenge for early intervention programs. Factors, such as travel, family needs, and limited program and community resources, have been iden...
Partisan polarization and political access: labor unions and the presidency

This article analyzes the effect of increased partisan polarization on the degree and quality of access enjoyed by labor union leaders to the President of the USA. The relationships between union leaders and two sets of presidents, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon, and George W. Bush and Barack Obama, are analyzed in order to trace change from a time of bipartisan bargaining to one of extreme polarization. The central argument is that the rise of polarization has pushed unions and Democratic presidents closer together, and unions and Republican presidents further apart, irrespective of changes in the level of union resources.
Molecular genetics of cardiomyopathies and myocarditis

Cardiomyopathies are major causes of morbidity and mortality and over the past 20 years, limited improvements in outcome have been reported [1—3]. However, improvement in the understanding of the major forms of cardiomyopathy has occurred over that time, in large part due to advances in genetics and genomics [4, 5]. In addition, new forms of cardiomyopathy have been described and classified over that time frame, mainly due to our improved genetic-based understanding of heart muscle disease. The improved understanding gained in heart muscle disease has also led to understanding of similarities and differences in heart and skeletal muscle and their often overlapping clinical presentations.
The Exponential Function

It is a general problem to determine the continued fractions for values of classical functions suitably normalized. We shall describe a solution of this problem in a very special case which will allow us in particular to get the continued fraction for e.
The Effect of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Intraocular Pressure in Humans

One of the physiologic effects of marihuana, which was noted as early as 1971, is its ability to lower intraocular pressure (Hepler and Frank, 1971). This has been documented in at least one controlled study in human subjects with normal intraocular pressures (Hepler, Frank and Ungerleider, 1972). In addition, Purnell and Gregg (1975) at the University of North Carolina have reported a decrease in intraocular pressure in two subjects when given intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active component of marihuana. The purpose of this study is to describe further the effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on intraocular pressure in subjects with normal intraocular pressures.
Reflectometry for Structural Health Monitoring

Aging wiring and structural cables in buildings, aircraft and transportation systems, consumer products, industrial machinery, etc. are among the most significant potential causes of catastrophic failure and maintenance cost in these structures. Smart wire health monitoring can therefore have a substantial impact on the overall health monitoring of the system. Reflectometry is commonly used for locating faults on electric wire and cables. It can also be used for location of faults on structural cables, if they are electrically isolated. This chapter describes and compares several reflectometry methods – time domain reflectometry (TDR), frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), mixed signal reflectometry (MSR), sequence time domain reflectometry (STDR), and spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) – in terms of their accuracy, convenience, cost, size, and ease of use. Advantages and limitations of each method are outlined and evaluated for several types of aircraft cables, and the general equations that govern their performance are given. The impact of the fault location and size is also discussed.
Connection Machine implementation of a tabu search algorithm for the traveling salesman problem

A tabu search algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is developed. The algorithm is based on the well known 2-opt move which is implemented in parallel on the connection machine CM-2. This involves decomposing the evaluation of the whole 2-opt neighborhood into small independent steps that can be executed in parallel by different processors. The implementation is efficient and highly scalable. Implementation details and results of computation for some TSPs from the literature are presented.
The Fin de Millénaire Duty to Warn or Protect

At the turn of the millennium, the authors summarize the evolution of a clinician's duty to protect third persons from a patient's violent acts over the past half century, with special emphasis on jurisprudential developments in the last decade. Four evolutionary periods are identified: Pre-Tarasoff, Inception, Diversification, and Retreat. The period of Retreat from Tarasoff in the nineties is characterized by the following approaches to Tarasoff: adoption, statutory containment, rejection of a duty to warn, rejection of a duty to control voluntary patients, and proactive circumscription of any protective duties. A more rational jurisprudential approach would permit some measure of flexibility for the proper exercise of clinical discretion.