cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing medication non-adherence in a patient with myocardial infarction.

Background Medication non-adherence continues to be a major challenge facing the healthcare system. A case is presented of a 48 year-old man with myocardial infarction who was found to be non-adherent to multiple medications. Conceptual models are reviewed along with current approaches for assessment and treatment of medication non-adherence. Design Case report and literature review. Discussion A theoretical model for medication non-adherence built on the Theory of Planned Behavior is presented. Empirical evidence is reviewed for determinants of non-adherent behavior such as health beliefs and self-efficacy. Current methods to assess medication non-adherence, including self-report, pill count, biological drug levels, pharmacy refill, and electronic bottles are summarized along with their limitations. Finally, an individualized approach for assessment is described using the case presented and the conceptual framework outlined above. Follow-up for the patient and potential interventions to improve medication adherence are discussed. Conclusion Despite the challenges, a conceptual framework for medication non-adherence can guide assessment and treatment. Further research for innovative and effective methods to detect and treat medication non-adherence is urgently needed to aid clinicians in treating this pervasive behavioral problem.
Colonialism and sanitary medicine: the development of preventive health policy in the Punjab, 1860 to 1900.

The system of medicine known today variously as ‘international,’ ‘scientific,’ or ‘Western’ entered South Asia as early as the seventeenth century. For two centuries this system, known in India as allopathic medicine, coexisted with the medical traditions indigenous to South Asia. In 1835 the period of coexistence ended and the adherents of the allopathic tradition began to press claims that they, and only they, should be allowed to direct and staff the medical and health programs of the East India Company and, after 1858, the various Governments of South Asia. Allopathic medical men wished to decide the goal or goals of governmental medical efforts, who was to be allowed to participate in those efforts, and who was to be served by those programs. In short, allopathic medical men wanted control of the development of all facets of health policy in South Asia.
Vertical Word Processing: A New Approach for Teaching Written Language to the Learning Disabled Adolescent

Axioms exist in the field of reading instruction that can discourage the development of novel approaches. It is felt that rapid success in teaching the learning disabled to read and write only can take place when the instruction deals with the frustration-produced anxiety that results from an accumulation of failure. Nonassumptive teaching, rather than a diagnostic-prescriptive approach, is proposed as a method to remove frustration-produced anxiety. A novel approach to the teaching of both reading and writing that is nonassumptive is presented here. The approach is called Vertical Word Processing and involves controlling the vowel from the simplest word constructions to the most difficult of orthographic constructions. The teaching strategies discussed are based on a model of the English language that views most words as regular (categorical)—some more regular (categorical) than others.
Mechanical properties of sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) vertebrae in relation to spinal deformity

Approximately 35% of sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) in public aquaria exhibit spinal deformities ranging from compressed vertebrae and loss of intervertebral space to dislocated spines with vertebral degeneration and massive spondylosis caused by excessive mineralization both within vertebrae and outside the notochordal sheath. To identify the mechanical basis of these deformities, vertebral centra from affected (N=12) and non-affected (N=9) C. taurus were subjected to axial compression tests on an MTS 858 Bionix material testing system, after which mineral content was determined. Vertebral centra from affected sharks had significantly lower mineral content and material behavior in nearly all variables characterizing elasticity, plasticity and failure. These mechanical deficiencies are correlated with size at capture, capture method, vitamin C and zinc deficiency, aquarium size and swimming behavior in public aquaria. Non-affected C. taurus had greater stiffness and toughness even though these properties are generally incompatible in mineralized structures, suggesting that the biphasic (mineralized, unmineralized phases) nature of chondrichthyan vertebrae yields material behavior not otherwise observed in vertebrate skeletons. However, vertebral centra from non-affected sharks had lower mineral content (33%), stiffness (167 MPa), yield strain (14%) and ultimate strength (16 MPa) than other species of sharks and bony vertebrates, indicating that biomechanical precautions must be taken in the husbandry of this species.
SIMPLIFIED DEWPOINT PREDICTIONS FOR N-TRACE SALT-CONTAINING NON-IDEAL CONDENSATES IN HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTIVE VAPOR ENVIRONMENTS†

Abstract Accurate predictions of dewpoint temperatures in multi-trace salt-containing high temperature reactive environments are complicated by two common phenomena. First, the reactive environment promotes the formation of vapor precursors other than the ‘parent’ condensate salts (due to dissociation and reaction among the combustion products). Second, the salt condensate solutions that form are usually thermodynamically non-ideal even though the coexisting multi-species vapor is, frequently, ideal. As an extension of our recent treatment of the simpler (limiting) case of a binary non-ideal solution, we present here a computational procedure that makes the general N-component case tractable and illustrate its implementation for the case of a ternary (alkali sulfate) condensate system. To account for the multiplicity of vapor phase species we again rely on an ‘effective (single component) vapor pressure’ for each ‘component’ salt to permit simple calculations for the salt solution dew point. The required ...
Software development with transformable components

A software development environment for describing and utilizing domain specific abstraction mechanisms is described. DARMS (Design Abstract Representation and Manipulation Shell) is a prototype environment which has been developed over the past three years. >
LITERACIES IN AND OUT OF SCHOOL: A SURVEY OF U.S. YOUTH

________________________ This report is of a national survey of the connections, overlaps, and disjunctions that adolescents perceive among their literacy practices in and out of school. The survey consisted of a mail questionnaire followed with structured interviewing via telephone. The youth were asked about connections between and influences on their everyday, out-of-school literacies and their academic, in-school literacies. Many of the respondents said that personal decisions strongly influenced their reading and writing, and they generally reported seeing some connections between their inand out-of-school literacies. However, individuals consistently contradicted generalizations such as these, leading to caution in describing a randomly sampled population in generalized terms. _________________________ This report is of a national survey that examined connections, overlaps, and disjunctions among adolescents’ literacy practices in and out of school. These points of contact (or lack thereof) are of particular interest in a world increasingly blurred by information communication technologies that tend to heed neither place nor space boundaries, especially where reading and writing are concerned (Alvermann & Eakle, 2006). At a time when young people can communicate readily with people and ideas around the globe, one might expect that their reading and writing practices would reflect a widening social network—one in which the influences on their choice and type of reading materials would extend beyond school and home. To what extent this is the case, at least for the youth we surveyed, is the subject of interest in this report. Theoretical Framework Many case studies of adolescents’ multiple literacy practices have emphasized the differences between what occurs in and out of school (e.g., Evans, 1993; Hinchman, PayneBourcy, Thomas, & Chandler-Olcott, 2003; Luttrell & Parker, 2001; Moje, 2000; Myers, 1992;
Polarization-independent quantum-confined Stark effect in an InGaAs/InP tensile-strained quantum well

We present a theoretical analysis and experimental studies on the control of the polarization-dependent characteristics of the refractive index change and the absorption change due to the quantum-confined Stark effect in an InGaAs/InP quantum-well structure. The polarization dependency which arises from the energy level splitting of heavy-hole and light-hole states in the quantum well can be controlled by inducing an appropriate amount of tensile strain in the quantum well. Measurements were carried out on the polarization dependency of the refractive index change and the absorption change in unstrained, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45% tensile-strained 11.5-nm-thick InGaAs quantum-well structures through the whole spectral range, i.e., near and below the transition energy. We found that by inducing a 0.3% tensile strain in the 11.5-nm quantum well, the spectral profiles for the transverse electric and the transverse magnetic modes are brought closer to each other, with the peaks of the negative index changes corresponding to both modes occurring at the same wavelength with a slight difference in their absolute values. Moreover, in the long wavelength region, the refractive index change for both modes coincides in the wavelength as well as the absolute value. Based on these results, we have fabricated an absorption modulator and controlled the modulation characteristics with respect to the incident light polarization. >
Effect of film chemistry on refractive index of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon oxynitride films: A correlative study

Thick SiOxNy films were deposited by radiofrequency (rf) plasma chemical vapor deposition using silane (SiH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) source gases. The influence of deposition conditions of gas flow ratio, rf plasma mixed-frequency ratio (100 kHz, 13.56 MHz), and rf power on the refractive index were examined. It was observed that the refractive index of the SiOxNy films increased with N and Si concentration as measured via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Interestingly, a variation of refractive index with N2O:SiH4 flow ratio for the two drive frequencies was observed, suggesting that oxynitride bonding plays an important role in determining the optical properties. The two drive frequencies also led to differences in hydrogen concentration that were found to be correlated with refractive index. Hydrogen concentration has been linked to significant optical absorption losses above index values of ∼1.6, which we identified as a saturation level in our films.
The conformation of the pore region of the M2 proton channel depends on lipid bilayer environment

The M2 protein from influenza A virus is a 97-amino-acid protein with a single transmembrane helix that forms proton-selective channels essential to virus function. The hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the M2 protein (M2TM) contains a sequence motif that mediates the formation of functional tetramers in membrane environments. A variety of structural models have previously been proposed which differ in the degree of helix tilt, with proposed tilts ranging from ~15° to 38°. An important issue for understanding the structure of M2TM is the role of peptide–lipid interactions in the stabilization of the lipid bilayer bound tetramer. Here, we labeled the N terminus of M2TM with a nitroxide and studied the tetramer reconstituted into lipid bilayers of different thicknesses using EPR spectroscopy. Analyses of spectral changes provide evidence that the lipid bilayer does influence the conformation. The structural plasticity displayed by M2TM in response to membrane composition may be indicative of functional requirements for conformational change. The various structural models for M2TM proposed to date—each defined by a different set of criteria and in a different environment—might provide snapshots of the distinct conformational states sampled by the protein.
ESTIMATES FOR THE SUMS OF EIGENVALUES OF THE FRACTIONAL LAPLACIAN ON A BOUNDED DOMAIN

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, we state and prove a Berezin–Li–Yau-type estimate for the sums of eigenvalues of , the fractional Laplacian operators restricted to a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝd for d ≥ 2 and α ∈ (0, 2]. Secondly, we provide an improvement to this estimate by using a pure analytical approach.
Purified fish oil eliminating linoleic and alpha linolenic acid meets essential fatty acid requirements in rats.

Abstract This study examined whether purified fish oil (PFO) supplemented to an essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) diet meets EFA needs in rats. The EFAD diet contained 10% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO). A similar diet contained 7% HCO and 3% PFO which also provided 2.84% arachidonic acid (AA), 52.50% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 35.73% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) but no linoleic acid (LA) or alpha linolenic acid (ALA). A 10% soybean oil control diet provided ample LA and ALA. After 4 weeks of feeding, blood glucose, plasma triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF and IL-6 were determined after saline or LPS injection. EFAD developed with the HCO diet with triene:tetraene ratios in plasma phospholipids > .20, which remained
Riboflavin Utilization by a Mutant Strain of Single Comb White Leghorn Chickens 2. Absorption of Radioactive Riboflavin from the Digestive Tract

Abstract INVESTIGATIONS have been reported on certain physiological characteristics of a mutant strain of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) chickens which, on a diet containing sufficient riboflavin, produce eggs deficient in the vitamin (Maw, 1954). One of the outstanding observations is that, in the recessive (rdrd) hen, the free riboflavin concentration of the blood does not increase normally at the onset of egg production (Boucher et al., 1959). It was thought desirable to investigate the possibility that the free vitamin may not be absorbed normally from the digestive tract. If this were true, it could account for the fact that free riboflavin does not accumulate in the blood. METHODS AND MATERIALS Radioactive crystalline riboflavin, 7,8-dimethyl-10(D-ribityl)-isoalloxazine-2-C14, with a specific activity of 1.0 mc./m. mole was obtained from Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. The method of Coulson and Hughes (1930) was employed for the collection of urine. Radioactivity was determined as counts per minute (cpm.) with…
Plasmon Length: A Universal Parameter to Describe Size Effects in Gold Nanoparticles

Localized surface plasmon resonances are central to many sensing and signal transmission applications. Tuning of the plasmon energy and line width through particle size and shape is critical to the design of such devices. To gain quantitative information on the size dependence of plasmonic properties, mainly due to retardation effects, we correlated optical spectra and structures for 500 individual gold particles of five different shapes. We show that the effects of size on the dipolar plasmon frequency and line width are shape-independent when size is described by the plasmon length, the length over which the oscillations take place. This result suggests that edge effects are rather unimportant for dipolar modes in a large size range between 50 and 350 nm. Therefore, in describing the size-dependent plasmonic properties of nanoparticles, one should focus on the distance along which the oscillation occurs rather than its intrinsic shape.
Minimal-group membership influences children's responses to novel experience with group members.

Children, like adults, tend to prefer ingroup over outgroup individuals, but how this group bias affects children’s processing of information about social groups is not well understood. In this study, 5- and 6-year-old children were assigned to artificial groups. They observed instances of ingroup and outgroup members behaving in either a positive (egalitarian) or a negative (stingy) manner. Observations of positive ingroup and negative outgroup behaviors reliably reduced children’s liking of novel outgroup members, while observations of negative ingroup and positive outgroup behaviors had little effect on liking ratings. In addition, children successfully identified the more generous group only when the ingroup was egalitarian and the outgroup stingy. These data provide compelling evidence that children treat knowledge of and experiences with ingroups and outgroups differently, and thereby differently interpret identical observations of ingroup versus outgroup members.
The fallout of forgiveness How forgiveness predicts third-party perceptions of the forgiver and the forgiver’s relationships

Forgiveness within romantic relationships may have broader consequences. Two studies investigated how forgiveness decisions predict outsiders’ perceptions of individuals and their relationships. Study 1 (n = 364) used an experimental between-subject design and hypothetical vignettes to manipulate forgiveness, offense severity, and offense frequency. As hypothesized, participants perceived forgiving targets as more committed and satisfied, and the relation between forgiveness and person perceptions depended on offense frequency (competence) and severity (competence and warmth). In Study 2, participants (n = 134) recalled friends’ offenses. Forgiveness predicted perceived commitment, satisfaction, investment, warmth, and competence, at times interacting with severity and frequency, while accounting for intent and apologies. The findings are discussed in light of the importance of perceptions and social networks.
Evaluation of a Method to Analyze Pig Live Weight Data from Animal Sorting Technologies1

Abstract A method to analyze pig BW data collected by an animal sorting technology scale without individual pig identification was evaluated. Data for ten 1000-pig grow-finish barns were simulated by a stochastic model. The BW at each age was modeled as a predicted BW plus a daily residual error (mean = 0; SD = 1.4 kg) and a within-day residual error (mean = 0; SD = 0.98 kg). The number of times each pig was weighed was simulated to vary among pigs and to vary daily for each pig. The number of daily BW measurements taken per pig had an overall mean of 5.40 and SD of 1.23. Two types of data sets were simulated. A complete data set had biweekly data from 70 to 196 d of age. A truncated data set was simulated to reflect typical serial marketing of pigs and included biweekly data from 70 to 154 d of age and weekly truncated data from 161 to 175 d of age. The percentile means of the BW data were calculated and assigned a percentile identification of 1 to 100. The percentile means were fit to a mixed model nonlinear function (Bridges) with two random effects predicted for each percentile. The fitting of either the complete or truncated data sets reproduced the mean and variance of BW at each age and predicted age to achieve 120 kg of BW. The serial marketing of pigs may produce small biases in the prediction of the actual percentile means. The fitting of the mean percentile data can be used to model the underlying mean and variation of BW growth.
Dharmacon siRNA Transfection of HeLa Cells

[Abstract] Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a class of double-stranded RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides that play important roles in many biological processes (Hamilton and Baulcombe, 1999). siRNAs act by “neutralizing” the mRNA of the target protein, facilitating degradation of the mRNA and hence altering the biological effect of the protein (reviewed in Hannon and Rossi, 2004). siRNAs may also change the intracellular levels of regulatory RNAs. Use of siRNAs for manipulating the expression of genes of interest in biological research is commonly referred to as RNA interference or knockdown technique (Elbashir et al., 2001). Synthetic siRNAs are an emerging tool that are now widely used in these studies. A variety of algorithms are employed by different companies for the design of siRNA products, which differ in efficacy, specificity and cost among other criteria. An example protocol of siRNA knockdown is explained here using the siGENOME SMARTpool reagents from Dharmacon.
Writing As A Survival Skill: How Neuroscience Can Improve Writing In Organizations

This article looks at the apparent paradox between the demand for strong writing skills and the lack of colleges of business that require their MBA students to complete writing courses. In the past, most approaches to teaching writing proved inadequate in producing graduates with the ability to write clearly, effectively, and efficiently. This article examines the implications of neurocognitive research on the reading process for the teaching of writing and ends with a set of 16 guidelines for teaching MBA students how to write well - principles that reach far beyond those specified in the SEC’s plain language guidelines.
Design of Low-Complexity 2-D SOVA Detector for Shingled Magnetic Recording

Shingled magnetic recording emerges as a promising near-term option to sustain the historical areal density growth of hard-disk drives while retaining conventional heads and media. Highly scaled shingled magnetic recording is subject to severe intertrack interference, which naturally demands 2-D read channel signal processing. By concurrently detecting multitrack read-back signals from a read head array, joint 2-D signal detection can fully exploit the 2-D interference to maximize the detection performance at the penalty of very high computational complexity. As modern read channel employs iterative signal detection and decoding and hard-disk drives are very cost sensitive, it is highly desirable to effectively reduce the 2-D signal detection computational complexity and hence silicon cost at minimal detection performance loss. This paper presents two low-complexity 2-D soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detector design strategies for realizing multitrack joint 2-D detection, which represent different complexity versus performance tradeoffs. By carrying out simulations and application-specific integrated circuit design, this paper shows that, compared with the best symbol-based 2-D SOVA, it is feasible to achieve almost the same detection performance and meanwhile reduce the silicon area by more than 60% in three-track joint detection.
Understanding and Predicting Image Memorability at a Large Scale

Progress in estimating visual memorability has been limited by the small scale and lack of variety of benchmark data. Here, we introduce a novel experimental procedure to objectively measure human memory, allowing us to build LaMem, the largest annotated image memorability dataset to date (containing 60,000 images from diverse sources). Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we show that fine-tuned deep features outperform all other features by a large margin, reaching a rank correlation of 0.64, near human consistency (0.68). Analysis of the responses of the high-level CNN layers shows which objects and regions are positively, and negatively, correlated with memorability, allowing us to create memorability maps for each image and provide a concrete method to perform image memorability manipulation. This work demonstrates that one can now robustly estimate the memorability of images from many different classes, positioning memorability and deep memorability features as prime candidates to estimate the utility of information for cognitive systems. Our model and data are available at: http://memorability.csail.mit.edu.
Use of a novel statistical technique to examine the delivery of breast cancer follow-up care by different types of oncology providers

Rationale, aims and objectives Frequent follow-up is recommended for the more than 3 million breast cancer survivors living in the USA. Given the multidisciplinary nature of breast cancer treatment, follow-up may be provided by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons and primary care providers. This creates the potential for significant redundancy as well as gaps in care. The objective was to examine patterns of breast cancer follow-up provided by different types of oncologists and develop a statistical means of quantifying visit distribution over time. Methods We identified stage I–III breast cancer patients who underwent breast conservation from 2000 to 2006 (n = 12 139) within the SEER-Medicare linked database. Provider type was defined using Medicare specialty provider codes and AMA Masterfile. The coefficient of variation (CV) for time between oncologist follow-up visits was calculated. Ordinal logistic regression assessed factors associated with CV. Results Substantial variation in CV was observed. Sixty-seven per cent of patients with low CV (high visit regularity) received follow-up from a single oncologist type, versus 8% with high CV (low visit regularity). The number of oncologist types participating in follow-up had the greatest association with high CV (odds ratio 7.4 [6.7–8.3] and 15.4 [13.6–17.6] for two and three oncologist types). Conclusions Using a novel means of quantifying follow-up visit regularity, we determined that breast cancer patients with dispersed follow-up with more than one oncologist have more disordered care. The CV could be used in electronic medical records to identify cancer survivors with more disordered.
From Exit to Voice in Shopfloor Governance: The Case of Company Unions

The company union movement in the United States during the 1920s cannot be understood entirely in terms of employers' efforts either to block independent unionization or to foster greater worker loyalty through the paternalistic provisions of “welfare capitalism.” Company unions were institutional mechanisms by which workers voiced their concerns about shopfloor conditions to employers instead of exiting the firm. Evidence suggests that company unions led to both enhanced shopfloor productivity and safety, and were thus mutually beneficial for labor and management. Interestingly, however, the process by which they emerged was filled with conflict, historical contingency, and unintended consequences. Company unions were neither an inevitable nor even an intentional replacement for voluntary quits as a mechanism for addressing workers' shopfloor discontent.
Role of the granulocyte in the pyrogenic response to intra-cisternal endotoxin.

ConclusionEndotoxin injected into previously imtraumatized basal cisterns of cu-rarized rabbits evoked higher and more sustained febrile responses than comparable amounts given intravenously. Endo toxin injected into the basal cistern also evoked appreciable febrile responses in nitrogen mustard treated rabbits with few or no circulating granulocytes; the highest responses were observed in the absence of circulating granulocy tes. Release of granulocy tic pyrogen does not appear to constitute a necessary intermediate step for the cerebral pyrogenic activity of endo toxin.The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Sheldon E. Greisman for providing encouragement and advice, and for critically reviewing the manuscript.
Nabokov and Pushkin (With Comments on New Translations of Eugene Onegin)

Nabokov's four volumes on Pushkin offer the curious spectacle of an artist performing as translator, critic, annotator, and scholarly commentator. The result is a fantastic miscellany containing everything from a meticulous survey of the autographs of Eugene Onegin to a ninety-page appendix on the problems of Russian verse-making. And its genesis was so simple and obvious. When Nabokov was reading Onegin in his Russian classes, he tells us, he found it necessary to answer certain questions. The answers grew in both number and complexity and issued at last in a literally exact translation and an exhaustive and to all appearances definitive Commentary. But there is even more here than Nabokov claims; the richness and originality of this work is the contribution not of a scholar but of an artist whose natural medium is parody and whose posture is tongue-in-cheek. The four volumes are a long mimicry, with satiric overtones, of literary scholars, critics, and historians. Moreover, this entire work on Pushkin can be fully appreciated only
Numerical Temporal Dispersion Corrections For Broadband Temporal Simulation, RTM and FWI

A time-domain seismic simulator used to compute either the forward simulation of a source or the adjoint simulation of a recorded wave field is often implemented using a time stepping algorithm based upon a selected explicit or implicit finite difference approximation to either a first or a second time derivative. Any finite-order approximation provides a solution that suffers from some degree of temporal dispersion, particularly at higher frequencies. The temporal dispersion errors can be corrected via a resampling operation in the frequency domain when using this type of simulator for forward simulation, Reverse Time Depth Migration (RTM), and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) gradients. This correction can impact how well broad-band RTM or FWI inversion results tie to well logs.
Word frequency of synonym responses as a function of word frequency of the stimulus and list position of the response

Fifty-seven subjects wrote synonyms to stimulus words of high, moderate and low word frequency selected from the Lorge-Thorndike lists. High stimulus words tended to elicit synonym responses of higher word frequency than did moderate and low words. In addition, mean word frequency of the responses was shown to be a decreasing function of list position of the response.
Variational calculations of vibrational energies and IR spectra of trans- and cis-HOCO using new ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces.

We report ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces that span the regions describing the minima of trans- and cis-HOCO and the barrier separating them. We use the new potential in three...
Fisher v. University of Texas and the Status of Affirmative Action: Implications for Social Equity

In June of 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in Fisher v. University of Texas that threatened the continued use of affirmative action to promote diversity in university admissions. It vacated the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which upheld its use, and remanded the case back to the appellate court. This legal brief examines the implications of the Fifth Circuit’s decision on remand. It examines the appellate court’s response to the High Court on remand, where it once again upheld the affirmative action program at the University of Texas.
British and US Anticommunism Between the World Wars

This article examines the espionage and propaganda networks established by former professional spies and other anticommunist activists in the interwar period in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. In both countries, conservatives responded to the growing power of labor in politics by creating and funding private groups to coordinate spying operations on union activists and political radicals. These British and US spies drew upon the resources of the government while evading democratic controls. The anti-labor groups also spread anti-radical propaganda, but the counter-subversive texts in the UK tended to highlight the economic threats posed by radicalism, while those in the USA appealed to more visceral fears. The leaders of these anti-labur networks established a transnational alliance with their fellow anticommunists across the Atlantic decades before the beginning of the Cold War.
Photothermal nanoblades for delivery of large-sized cargo into mammalian cells at high throughput

Technologies for transferring large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are needed to advance key applications in cell engineering. However, reliable methodologies for introducing large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are nearly completely lacking. This talk will present two new technologies, photothermal nanoblade and BLAST, that overcome the size limitation of cargo delivery into mammalian cells.
Computationally resolving heterogeneity in mixed genomic samples

With ever-advancing genomic technologies, it has become increasingly clear that cell-to-cell genomic variability is a ubiquitous feature of multicellular systems with importance to numerous phenomena in health and disease. While technologies for single-cell genomics are rapidly improving, though, they are still impractical for the scales needed to characterize genomic heterogeneity of complex mixtures across large patient populations, leaving the field highly dependent on computational inference to fill in the gaps in what it is practical to measure experimentally. Genomic deconvolution and phylogenetic methods have become subfields in themselves for making sense of still-limited genomic data in terms of coherent models of genomic heterogeneity. There is probably no system for which this phenomenon has been more intensively studied than cancers, where cell-to-cell genetic heterogeneity is now appreciated as key to tumor initiation, progression, and response to treatment. This talk will explore computational challenges in reconstructing models of genomic heterogeneity and the evolutionary processes by which it develops, as well as strategies for meeting those challenges, with particular focus on intra-tumor heterogeneity. It will in the process explore computational strategies for various sources of genomic data (bulk, single-cell, and combinations) and examine the tradeoffs between them. It will conclude with consideration of some emerging directions and open problems in studies of heterogeneity in multicellular systems, in cancers and beyond.
Abstract #4828: Effects of exercise on prostate cancer growth in a mouse model

Purpose: There is a suggestion in the epidemiologic literature that exercise may confer a prostate cancer (PC) risk reduction, however, little is known about the therapeutic potential of exercise for PC. We sought to characterize the effect of exercise on PC growth using a hormone-sensitive human PC xenograft in a post-diagnosis model. Materials and Methods: Seventy athymic Nude-nu male mice (~9 weeks old) were orthotopically implanted with 5x105 LAPC-4 cells. All mice were fed ad libitum Western diet (40% calories from fat; 45% from simple carbohydrates) throughout the study. At 14 days post-implantation, the remaining 62 mice (8 died after orthotopic implant) were randomized to exercise (n=29) or sedentary control (n=33). The exercise mice were housed individually in a cage with 24 hour access to a running wheel and the control mice were housed in identical cages without a running wheel. At 21, 28, and 42 days post-implantation, 4 mice from each group were sacrificed and the tumor (i.e. prostate gland and surrounding tumor) was weighed. The remaining 38 mice were sacrificed at 57 days post-implantation and the tumor was weighed. Comparisons between groups were performed using the rank sum test and the association between running distance and tumor weight was assessed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: There were no significant differences in body weight between the groups at any time during the study. For mice sacrificed on day 57 the median total running distance (IQR) was 104.5km (42.9-189.0). Among the mice sacrificed at 21, 28, and 42 days, there were no significant differences in tumor weight between the groups (p= 0.60). Similarly, there were no significant differences in tumor weight between the groups for the mice sacrificed on day 57 (p= 0.56). Among the exercising mice sacrificed on day 57, running distance was positively correlated with tumor weight (r= 0.44, p= 0.07). Moreover, mice exercising more than 104.5km (the median total running distance) over the course of the study had larger tumors than the sedentary control mice (p= 0.06). Conclusions: Overall, in mice orthotopically implanted with LAPC-4 cells exercise had no effect on tumor growth, however, greater running distance was associated with larger tumors. These findings suggest that initiating moderate to high level exercise after prostate cancer diagnosis may increase prostate tumor growth. Further investigation is required to confirm these findings as well as to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of exercise in a post-diagnosis model of prostate cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4828.
COMPUTING IN THE 21ST CENTURY : NANOCIRCUITRY, DEFECT TOLERANCE AND QUANTUM LOGIC

The geometrical scaling era of microelectronics technology will end around the year 2010, if current extrapolations of physical and economic issues are valid. Computers built then should be 256 tim...
B. Mclean and J. Nocera's All the Devils are Here: The Hidden History of the Financial Crisis

The author reviews B. McLean and J. Nocera’s All the Devils Are Here: The Hidden History of the Financial Crisis.
Visualizing usability testing video data

To better understand design deficiencies, it is necessary to expand the traditional representation of quantitative data to include a qualitative facet. In this poster we present a schema for visualizing this enhanced data set: coded and standardized information culled from video recordings. The goal is to expand our understanding of usability test results by including the test participants' thoughts and feelings about the tasks they were attempting. The methodology consists of coding video data to create a prototype for visualization from the data set. By creating a standardized method of coding these expanded data for visualization, usability researchers will be able to more seamlessly identify and report usability problems.
Design and application of a fluorogenic assay for monitoring inflammatory caspase activity.

Abstract Various fluorogenic assays exist for monitoring the activity of inflammatory caspases. However, there are no continuous assays that provide C-terminal substrate sequence specificity for inflammatory caspases. As a first step towards this, we have developed a continuous in vitro assay that relies on monitoring emission from tryptophan after cleavage of a quenching coumarin chromophore. The coumarin can be attached as an amino acid side chain or capping the C-terminus of the peptide. When the coumarin is a side chain, it allows for C-terminal and N-terminal sequence specificities to be explored. Using this assay, we obtained Michaelis-Menten kinetic data for four proof-of-principle peptides: WEHD-AMC (KM = 15 ± 2 μM), WEHD-MCA (KM = 93 ± 19 μM), WEHDG-MCA (KM = 21 ± 6 μM) and WEHDA-MCA (KM = 151 ± 37 μM), where AMC is 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and MCA is β-(7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl)-Ala. The results indicate the viability of this new assay approach in the design of effective fluorogenic substrates for inflammatory caspases.
Global sensitivity analysis of multiscale properties of porous materials

Ubiquitous uncertainty about pore geometry inevitably undermines the veracity of pore- and multi-scale simulations of transport phenomena in porous media. It raises two fundamental issues: sensitivity of effective material properties to pore-scale parameters and statistical parameterization of Darcy-scale models that accounts for pore-scale uncertainty. Homogenization-based maps of pore-scale parameters onto their Darcy-scale counterparts facilitate both sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification. We treat uncertain geometric characteristics of a hierarchical porous medium as random variables to conduct global SA and to derive probabilistic descriptors of effective diffusion coefficients and effective sorption rate. Our analysis is formulated in terms of solute transport diffusing through a fluid-filled pore space, while sorbing to the solid matrix. Yet it is sufficiently general to be applied to other multiscale porous media phenomena that are amenable to homogenization.
Microfab in a Microwave Oven: Simultaneous Patterning and Bonding of Glass Microfluidic Devices

We report a new method for fabrication of research-grade glass microfluidic devices using a household microwave oven. The transformative step in this technique is the formation of the microchannel and fusion bonding of the glass layers in a single step. This is demonstrated here using a non-photolithographic technique for both high aspect ratio rectangular and circular cross-section microchannels. In this paper, the microfluidic devices are fabricated utilizing a thin paper cutout as the sacrificial channel layer, glass blanks, and a microwave kiln sold commercially for arts and crafts. Glass microfluidic devices are fabricated in a microwave oven in as short as 2 min. [2017–0209]
Winking, Blinking, and Nod: A Look at the Problem of Moonlighting and Psychiatric Consultation in Graduate Medical Education

National and state subsidization of medical schools has increased the turn-out of physicians, but attempts to reduce the total number of years in medical education have largely failed, leaving the number of poverty years in training intact. Historically and currently, moonlighting has filled a monetary vacuum for residents and unfortunately has been largely ignored, particularly as a resource for its potential in educational benefits. Institutions of graduate medical education are baffled by this problem, which, by survey, is denied (winked at), exorcised (blinked at), or ambivalently condoned (nodded at). This paper calls attention to this persistent activity (heretofore viewed as a sub-rosa, “necessary evil”), describes a capitalization on this “undesirable” in a training effort, and offers a pilot for examination and possibly modeling by other psychiatric programs and sister specialties.
Pain management after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose of reviewTo review current concepts regarding the mechanisms of postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and review available treatment options.Recent findingsMany clinical studies have established the safety and efficacy of different topical and systematic therapeutic agen
Aspirin use correlates with survival in women with clear cell ovarian cancer

Data from colon, breast and prostate cancers suggest that aspirin users have reduced mortality. While the direct mechanism remains uncertain, aspirin can suppress the COX-dependent and independent pathways involved in tumor progression. We hypothesized that aspirin users with clear cell ovarian cancer would have improved survival outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of patients with clear cell ovarian cancer diagnosed between 1995 and 2010, and followed outcomes through 2016. Patients underwent primary cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Aspirin use was defined by medication documentation in two records more than six months apart. Statistical tests included Fisher's exact, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty-four patients (70%) had stage I-II disease. Thirteen patients (17%) used aspirin. Aspirin users had a statistically longer disease-free survival compared to non-users (HR 0.13, p = .018). While median disease-free survival was not reached for either group, 1 of 13 (8%) aspirin users recurred at 24 months, compared to 18 of 64 (28%) non-users. Aspirin users demonstrated longer overall survival (HR 0.13, p = .015). Median survival was not reached for aspirin users, compared to 166 months for non-users. Aspirin use retained significance (HR 0.13, p = .044) after controlling for age, stage and cytoreductive status. In this small cohort of women with clear cell ovarian cancer, aspirin use correlated with improved disease-free and overall survival, and retained independent significance as a positive prognostic factor. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings before considering aspirin as a therapeutic intervention.
A Neural Model for Labile Sensorimotor Coordinations

Recent studies of the effects of exposure to unusual or atypical environments have revealed a surprising lability in the sensorimotor coordinations of humans and higher mammals. The surprise is occasioned by the contrast of this lability with the high order of stability normally shown by the coordinations of these higher animals. Evidence has come from three principal sources: rearrangement experiments, studies of neonatal development, and observation of the effects of sensory deprivation. Despite the challenge of the new findings, little progress has been made toward an understanding of the underlying processes. Our work has been directed toward the development of a theory of these plastic systems of coordination.
65 – Antibiotic Trials

Antibiotic trials in surgical research have most commonly involved the comparison of an antibiotic with either a second antibiotic or a placebo for the treatment or prevention of a surgical infection. The requirement of the pharmaceutical industry to conduct trials of new drugs provides a continuing source of funding that supports antibiotic trials. It tends to limit the types of trials that get funded. In addition, the availability of industry funding has resulted in the virtual absence of funding for antimicrobial trials in any of the other research funding sources in the United States, especially the National Institutes of Health. Prior to any clinical trials of a new antibiotic, a range of preclinical studies must be completed. The drug must be tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of standard organisms to determine its antimicrobial spectrum. Organisms tested would include those from standard panels representing gram-positive and gram-negative species, aerobes, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Representative isolates from recent clinical infections would also be included. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) would be determined and other characteristics such as the postantibiotic effect (PAE) and synergism, additive effect, or antagonism with other classes of antibiotics sought.
Field-Based Research Partnerships: Teachers, Students, and Scientists Investigate the Geologic History of Eastern Montana Using Geospatial Technologies

The Paleo Exploration Project (PEP) was a University of Montana (UM) professional development program serving K-12 teachers from eastern Montana. Two cohorts of 25 teachers each completed the program. Each cohort was engaged in the training for 12–18 months. The program began with several 2-day teachers’ weekend workshops during the spring semester. The following summer, teachers attended a weeklong summer research institute with middle-school-aged students. Over the next academic year, teachers took part in a final weekend workshop and developed, and in most cases implemented, their own learning activities with their students. Using a design experiment framework, we learned that teachers needed (1) additional hands-on practice with the technologies, (2) a curriculum component that was targeted more directly on scientific inquiry, and (3) more practice with project design.