cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chip-package codesign-challenges and directions

Increasingly the package, and associated discretes, contribute critically to the overall circuit performance, rather than just providing a connection function. These performance issues are critical today and are fast becoming more complex than current CAD tool trends will be able to support. For example, in today's digital systems, the package design is an important part of the signal integrity equation, and a major determinant of board routing costs. The concentration is on signal integrity management. However, in tomorrow's systems, the promise of high density packaging presents novel integration opportunities that will require new design approaches beyond just managing signal integrity; other connectivity and performance issues will enter into play. For today's RF and analog systems, the package is part of the load and antenna environment and again presents a difficult signal integrity analysis. In tomorrow's systems, new technologies and higher performance/frequency requirements will require system modeling solutions far superior to those offered today. In both types of systems, the package design is starting to require the sophistication normally reserved for the IC design. It is time for the packaging CAD tools to recognize this trend and prepare for it. The author reviews these system design trends and gives examples from work performed at NCSU and elsewhere. He also presents the state of the art for CAD support for chip-package codesign and postulates that the continuation of current trends will not give satisfactory solutions for future systems. It is argued that a new approach is needed, one hinging on codesigning the package, chip and system in a unified chip-centric environment while maintaining suitable levels of abstraction to permit interaction across inter-disciplinary teams.
Accelerating web protocols using RDMA

As high performance computing finds increased usage in the Internet, we should expect to see larger data transfers and an increase in the processing of dynamic web content by HPC web servers, particularly where grid applications are concerned. The high cost of processing TCP/IP on the CPU will be too much for today's web servers to handle. As an answer to this problem, we look to iWARP, which is RDMA over TCP. The benefits of RDMA have long been realized in technologies such as InfiniBand, and iWARP makes this possible over ordinary Ethernet. In implementing an iWARP module for the Apache web server, we create an experimental platform for testing the feasibility of RDMA in the web.
The development of an in-line hydrophone for a sea-bottom array with a unique 0-3 composite sensor element

The paper presents the development of a 0-3 piezo-composite hydrophone, fabricated of new materials that is part of a portable, fiber optic, bottom mounted, in-line hydrophone array that will be used by the US Navy to track various test vehicles in shallow water. >
Space teleoperation through time delay: review and prognosis

A 30-year history of research on dealing with the effects of time delay in the control loop on human teleoperation in space is reviewed. Experiments on the effects of delay on human performance are discussed, along with demonstrations of predictive displays to help the human overcome the delay. Supervisory control is shown to offer a variety of options, from switching to local impedance control upon contact with the environment to higher-level local automation. Wave transformation techniques to ameliorate the effects of delay are also described. Space teleoperations have tended to deal with the problem of time delay by avoiding it and not attempting to teleoperate from the ground. It is suggested that the US space effort might have gotten further ahead and at a lower cost with a greater is commitment to space teleoperation from the ground through the delay. Predictive display works well for free positioning. Local impedance control is recommended for control in contact with the environment, possibly accompanied by wave transformation techniques. Higher level supervisory control is always an option for sufficiently predictable tasks and will continue to improve with better sensors and task models. >
Homelessness and Housing Insecurity Among Former Prisoners

The United States has experienced dramatic increases in both incarceration rates and the population of insecurely housed or homeless persons since the 1980s. These marginalized populations have strong overlaps, with many people being poor, minority, and from an urban area. That a relationship between homelessness, housing insecurity, and incarceration exists is clear, but the extent and nature of this relationship is not yet adequately understood. We use longitudinal, administrative data on Michigan parolees released in 2003 to examine returning prisoners' experiences with housing insecurity and homelessness. Our analysis finds relatively low rates of outright homelessness among former prisoners, but very high rates of housing insecurity, much of which is linked to features of community supervision, such as intermediate sanctions, returns to prison, and absconding. We identify risk factors for housing insecurity, including mental illness, substance use, prior incarceration, and homelessness, as well as protective "buffers" against insecurity and homelessness, including earnings and social supports.
Electromagnetic fields on manifolds: Betti numbers, monopoles and strings, minimal coupling

The differential geometric study of electromagnetic fields on manifolds is extended to nonexact and even to nonclosed forms. Duality and variational principles are discussed and minimal coupling is derived.
Modeling and simulation of the erosion damage in tokamak devices during plasma instabilities

Plasma instabilities such as disruptions, edge-localized modes (ELM), and vertical displacement events (VDE) in tokamaks are the biggest concern for the design and performance of plasma facing component (PFC). These life threatening events are characterized by high-energy dump in short durations, resulting in extremely high temperatures of the PFC that can cause melting, evaporation of the surfaces and eventual contamination of the plasma. Erosion resulting from these processes can be significant and potentially prevent successful operations of the reactor and shorten PFC lifetime.
Abstract A92: Aminomethylphosphonic acid inhibits human prostate xenograft tumor growth through interfering glycine synthesis in the cancer cells

Rapidly proliferating cancer cells consume more glycine than rapidly proliferating normal cells, which offers an opportunity to target glycine metabolism in the cancer cells while avoiding causing severe side effects in the normal cells. Two-thirds of glycine consumed is synthesized intracellularly, e.g., through conversion of serine into glycine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA, C3H3NO5P) is an analog to glycine, which inhibits SHMT enzyme activity, thus blocking conversion of serine into glycine. Our previous in-vitro studies have shown that AMPA inhibited cell growth in six cancer cell lines (including four human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, and C4-2B), while had little effects on two human normal immortalized prostatic epithelial cell lines (RWPE-1 and pRNS-1-1). The purpose of the present study was to determine if AMPA could inhibit PC-3 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. PC-3-LacZ-luc cells (stably expressing LacZ and luciferase for staining and in-vivo imaging) were first implanted subcutaneously to form tumors. Then, the tumors were cut into 2-mm pieces and surgically implanted orthotopically in the prostates of 39 six-week-old athymic nude male mice that were castrated during the same surgery. One week later, the prostate tumor sizes were measured using D-luciferin and IVIS® Lumina XRMS imaging system (PerkinElmer, Inc.). The animals were randomized into three treatment groups: 1) saline as control (n = 14); 2) 400 mg/kg/day of AMPA (n= 10); and 3) 800 mg/kg/day of AMPA (n = 15). The treatment was administrated intraperitoneally once a day until animal death. Animal body weight measurement and in-vivo imaging were performed once every 5 to 7 days. Upon animal death, tumors were harvested and weighed. Pathologic examination, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot analyses were performed using the tumors. We found that the tumor size rapidly increased in the control group, whereas the tumor size increased only slightly in the two AMPA-treated groups (p Citation Format: Keshab R. Parajuli, Qiuyang Zhang, Sen Liu, Zongbing You. Aminomethylphosphonic acid inhibits human prostate xenograft tumor growth through interfering glycine synthesis in the cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A92.
Implantation Induced Charge Trapping and Interface States Generation in Si-SiO2 System

Constant-voltage stressing has been used to investigate the damage of SiO2 and the Si/SiO2 interface induced by silicon implantation through polysilicon/SiO2/p-Si structures annealed at 950°C. The implant doses used were from 5×1011 cm−2 to 1014cm−2. Although no detectable interface states density was observed after the annealing for implant doses less than 2×1013cm−2, interface states generation, hole trapping, and electron trapping were found to be greatly enhanced by the Si implantation. The interface states density generation rate was found to increase with higher implant doses. The density of hole trapping centers saturated at a value of 3×1012cm−2 for implant doses higher than 2×1012cm−2. The density of electron trapping centers was found to increase with implant dose, while the associated trapping cross section was much smaller than that of the unimplant oxide.
Toward a Responsive Pedagogy: Linking Social Responsibility to Firm Performance Issues in the Classroom

The current paradigm of business pedagogy has come under additional scrutiny for its inability to link socially responsible behavior by firms to their performance in ways that students find meaning...
MINERALOGY OF SPODUMENE PEGMATITES AND RELATED ROCKS IN THE TIN–SPODUMENE BELT OF NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA, USA

The Tin–Spodumene Belt (TSB) along the border of North and South Carolina, southeastern USA, is composed of hundreds of en echelon dikes intruded into amphibolite-facies mica schist and amphibolite. The spodumene pegmatites are unzoned and consist of medium- to very coarse-grained spodumene, plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, muscovite, and accessory amounts of beryl, manganoan fluorapatite, triphylite, and cassiterite. The pegmatitic fabric is replaced by a fine-grained saccharoidal albite– quartz fabric that also heals fractures in spodumene and feldspar. Plagioclase (Ab95–96) in the pegmatite is only slightly less sodic than that (Ab98–99) in the replacement albite–quartz assemblage. Rare, nonperthitic K-feldspar is slightly sodic (Or95–99). Spodumene typically contains about 1% iron oxide, giving the mineral a light green color. Muscovite contains 1–2 wt% FeO and a trace of sodium (0.2–0.6 wt% Na2O). A Mn-bearing fluorapatite (altered to low-F and low-Mn apatite) and triphylite (altered to fairfieldite) occur within the pegmatite fabric and appear to be primary phosphate minerals. Secondary phosphate minerals, including several species first described from the TSB, are associated with fracture fillings in sheared pegmatite. Pre-tectonic plagioclase – quartz – muscovite – garnet (Alm71Sps26Prp3) pegmatites are folded and sheared. Muscovite and Mn-bearing fluorapatite compositions are similar to equivalent phases in the spodumene pegmatites. The spodumene pegmatites are sheared, especially in proximity to regional shear-zones, but are not folded. Post-tectonic plagioclase – quartz – K-feldspar – muscovite – biotite pegmatites have Mn-poor fluorapatite, unlike the spodumene pegmatites. The pre-tectonic pegmatites may represent a precursor to the spodumene pegmatites.
cAMP and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate increase Ca2+ in HT-29 cells by activating different Ca2+ influx pathways

Ca2+ plays a central role in regulating transepithelial fluid and electrolyte transport in intestinal epithelial cells. To investigate the mechanisms regulating the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), we examined the effect of secretory agonists on [Ca2+]c in the intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 clone 19A cells. We found that [Ca2+]c increased after addition of either adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent agonists or a D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]dependent agonist carbachol. Several lines of evidence suggest that cAMP- and Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent agonists act through separate pathways. First, isoproterenol and forskolin increased cellular levels of cAMP but not Ins(1,4,5)P3, whereas carbachol increased cellular levels of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and stimulated inositol phosphate turnover without increasing cAMP. Second, carbachol increased [Ca2+]c by stimulating the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and influx of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, cAMP agonists increased [Ca2+]c by stimulating Ca2+ influx alone. Third, the responses to maximal concentrations of cAMP agonists and carbachol were approximately additive. Finally, Ins(1,4,5)P3- but not cAMP agonist-dependent Ca2+ influx was inhibited by inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers. Thus, in intestinal epithelial cells, [Ca2+]c is regulated by at least two different second-messenger pathways, involving Ins(1,4,5)P3 or cAMP. In addition, cAMP stimulates influx of extracellular Ca2+ through a pathway distinct from that mediated by Ins(1,4,5)P3.
Clinical value of anti-ssDNA (denatured DNA) autoantibody test

Abstract The recent guidelines for the clinical use of antinuclear antibody tests issued by a Committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP), suggest widespread misunderstanding of the clinical value of testing for the level of anti-ssDNA (single-stranded DNA or total DNA) IgG antibodies. This misunderstanding may stem from misconceptions about the manner in which clinicians use, in clinical context, immunoassays that have results expressed on a wide numerical scale. When the anti-ssDNA antibody (Ab) test is used for the differential diagnosis of new patients suspected of an inflammatory rheumatic disease the clinical sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is close to 100%, and the specificity about 85%. Since anti-dsDNA (double stranded DNA) is present in only about 65% of new SLE patients, an abnormal anti-ssDNA Ab test in the remaining 35% provides the clinician with a valuable clue to search for other criteria for SLE. Contrary to a widely held belief that anti-ss-DNA Ab occurs frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), anti-ssDNA is present only in 10–15% of this patient population and then at relatively low levels. There is evidence that anti-ssDNA, like anti-dsDNA, is involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Moreover, the increase in anti-ssDNA Ab level appeared to be the best predictor of forthcoming increase in anti-dsDNA and SLE flare. In a context of symptoms different from those of rheumatic diseases, anti-ssDNA antibodies may be elevated in a relatively high proportion of patients with any of several diseases; leukemia, preeclampsia, chronic hepatitis, renal complications of diabetes, and some inflammatory neurological diseases. In conclusion, anti-ssDNA helps to rule out SLE, helps in the diagnosis of SLE when anti-dsDNA is not present and is useful in follow-up of SLE patients. Like most other quantifiable laboratory indicators of abnormality, anti-ssDNA Ab test is also useful in clinical context for the diagnosis and prognosis of several other condition.
The impact of post Labor Day school start mandates on summer travel: Evidence from a quasiexperiment

State mandates that specify the earliest date when public schools can start instruction have become the source of perennial debates and substantial legislative effort. The arguments of mandate proponents mostly hinge on the premise that a post Labor Day school start has a causal effect on family summer vacations. This study brings quasiexperimental evidence to this question using data from the American Time Use Survey. Difference in differences estimates show a substantial decline in late summer travel among families with children when school starts before Labor Day and a smaller effect over the whole summer. Falsification tests show that the effect is unique to families with children and absent in families without.
A Parity-Preserving Reversible QCA Gate with Self-Checking Cascadable Resiliency

A novel Parity-Preserving Reversible Gate (PPRG) is developed using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology. PPRG enables rich fault-tolerance features, as well as reversibility attributes sought for energy-neutral computation. Performance of the PPRG design is validated through implementing thirteen standard combinational Boolean functions of three variables, which demonstrate from 10.7 to 41.9 percent improvement over the previous gate counts obtained with other reversible and/or preserving gate designs. Switching and leakage energy dissipation as low as 0.141 eV and 0.294 eV, for 1.5 $E_k$ energy level are achieved using PPRG, respectively. The utility of PPRG is leveraged to design a one-bit full adder with 171 cells occupying only 0.19 $\mu \text{m}^2$ area. Finally, fault detection and isolation properties are formalized into a concise procedure. PPRG-based circuits capable of self-configuring active recovery for selected three-variable standard functions are realized using a memoryless method irrespective of garbage outputs.
The Global Environment Facility: Financing the Stewardship of Global Biodiversity

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) serves as financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The goal of GEF's BD program is the conservation and sustainable use of BD, the maintenance of the ecosystem goods and services that BD provides to society, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. Since 1991, the GEF has provided $3.1 billion in grants and leveraged $8.3 billion in cofinancing in support of more than 990 projects that advanced the conservation of globally significant BD in 155 countries.
Abstract P349: Risk Factors for Rehospitalization for Syncope and for Long-Term Mortality in 325 Consecutive Patients Hospitalized for Syncope

Purpose: To investigate in patients hospitalized for syncope risk factors for rehospitalization for syncope and long-term mortality. Methods: We investigated in 325 consecutive patients, mean age 66 ± 17 years, hospitalized for syncope risk factors for rehospitalization for syncope and long-term mortality. Mean follow-up was 27 ± 8 months. Results: Of 325 patients, 13 (4%) were rehospitalized for syncope, and 38 (12%) died. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed significant independent prognostic factors for rehospitalization for syncope were glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (odds ratio 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.995) diabetes (odds ratio 5.7; 95% CI, 1.6-20.4), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio 4.0; 95% CI, 1.0-15.6), and smoking (odds ratio 4.6 ; 95% CI, 1.3-16.8). Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed significant independent prognostic factors for mortality were GFR (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97-0.99), diabetes ( HR 2.7; 95% CI = 1.4-5.2), coronary artery surgery (HR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3-6.5), malignancy history ( HR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.2), narcotics use (HR 4.0; 95% CI, 1.7-9.8), smoking (HR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.5), and atrial fibrillation (HR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.4). Conclusions: In patients hospitalized for syncope, significant independent prognostic factors for rehospitalization for syncope were GFR, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking; significant independent prognostic factors for mortality were GFR, diabetes, coronary artery surgery, malignancy history, narcotics use, smoking, and atrial fibrillation.
Abstract 4221: Factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation and completion among 18-26 year olds in the United States

Background The HPV vaccine prevents HPV-associated cancers and genital warts, which cause significant morbidity and mortality in the US. While the vaccine is targeted toward 11-12-year-old boys and girls, there is a catch-up vaccination range up to 26 years. However, vaccination rates are very low among eligible young adults, aged 18-26 years, and besides college-related studies, not a lot is known about factors associated with the HPV vaccine uptake in this population. The aim of this study was to assess sociodemographic factors associated with HPV vaccination uptake in a nationally representative sample of 18-26-year-old adults. Methods The National Health Interview Survey 2014-2015 was examined for young adults, aged 18-26 years (n = 7588). HPV vaccine initiation was defined as receipt of at least one dose of the vaccine and completion as receipt of the three doses. Sociodemographic factors included age, gender, race, marital status, education, health insurance, regular provider, number of doctor visits, and geographic region. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the socio-demographic factors that were associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Results Approximately 27% of respondents had initiated the HPV vaccine and 16% had completed the HPV vaccine. After adjusting for covariates, compared to females, males were 81% less likely to initiate HPV vaccine [(adjusted odds ratio) 0.19; (95 % confidence interval) 0.16-0.23]. Other factors associated with HPV vaccine initiation included having health insurance (1.70; 1.32-2.18), visiting the doctor’s office 6+ times (1.86; 1.48-2.34) and 1-5 times (2.09; 1.56-2.81) vs. no doctor’s office within the last 12 months, and having no high school diploma (0.46; 0.32-0.64) and having high school diploma (0.40; 0.31-0.52) vs. college degree or higher. The same factors were associated with HPV vaccine completion; but, being black (0.60; 0.44-0.83) vs. white and having no usual place of care (0.74; 0.57-0.96) were also associated with lower odds of completing the vaccine series. Conclusions Our study shows that there are sociodemographic factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake among young adults in the United States, and males, individuals with a lower education, and those without adequate healthcare access are less likely to initiate and complete the HPV vaccination. Our findings suggest it is necessary to develop targeted interventions to promote HPV vaccination among those in the catch-up age range. Citation Format: Eric Adjei Boakye, Betelihem B. Tobo, Daphne Lew, Meera Muthukrishnan, Vy T. Pham, Rebecca Rohde, Thomas Burroughs, Mark A. Varvares, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters. Factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation and completion among 18-26 year olds in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4221
Wild Man from Borneo: Cultural History of the Orangutan

(2017). Wild Man from Borneo: Cultural History of the Orangutan. Anthrozoos: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 523-524.
Fracture Properties of Additively Manufactured Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Materials

Additively Manufactured (AM) parts exhibit orthotropic behavior when loaded as a result of the layer-by-layer assembly commonly utilized. While previous authors have studied the effect of layer orientation on the tensile, flexural, and impact response of AM parts, the effect of layer orientation on the fracture response is not well established. Here we explore the effect of layer orientation on the fracture properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) materials fabricated through the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. Critical fracture toughness values of Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) specimens with a pre-crack oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of layer-by-layer assembly were compared. Results show that the inter-laminar fracture toughness (fracture between layers) is approximately one order of magnitude lower than the cross-laminar toughness (fracture through layers) of similarly manufactured parts. Contrasting brittle and ductile fracture behavior is observed for inter-laminar and cross-laminar crack propagation, respectively, demonstrating that the elastic-plastic response of AM ABS parts is governed by the orientation of the layers with respect to the direction of crack propagation.
Grafting Density Impacts Local Nanoscale Hydrophobicity in Poly(ethylene glycol) Brushes

Accumulated single-molecule observations of a fluorescent solvatochromic probe molecule were found to provide detailed local information about nanoscale hydrophobicity in polymer brushes. Using this approach, we showed that local hydrophobicity in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brushes was spatially heterogeneous and increased with the surface grafting density of the polymer chains. These findings may provide an explanation for prior observations of the denaturation of surface-adsorbed proteins on PEG brushes with high grafting densities, which is believed to influence protein-mediated cell–surface interactions. Moreover, by employing the broad range of existing environmentally sensitive fluorophores, this approach may potentially be used to characterize nanoscale changes in a variety of physicochemical properties within polymeric materials.
Learning in intractable domains

The domain knowledge used in Explanation Based Learning to explain and generalize examples sometimes gives rise to prohibitively complex and verbose explanations. This problem is most apparent in domains like chess. Here we illustrate the importance of recognizing the goal structure of the players to learn useful and tractable heuristics in chess.
The Wealth of Nations: International Judgments Regarding Actual and Ideal Resource Distributions:

How much wealth inequality do people think is ideal, and how does that compare with the inequality they perceive in their society? Recent research on individuals’ judgments about the distribution o...
Naturalizing Africa: Ecological Violence, Agency, and Postcolonial Resistance in African Literature. Cambridge, 2017. 220 pp., ISBN: 978 1107199170 (hard cover), $75.34. author’s response to the roundtable reviews

My great expectation on releasing Naturalizing Africa into the world—and I believe most scholars expect this too—is to be read carefully and for my arguments to be given the fair scrutiny that they...
Positive Affect and Well-Being in Huntington's Disease Moderates the Association Between Functional Impairment and HRQOL Outcomes.

Background Positive affect is associated with resiliency and beneficial health outcomes, but little is known about associations between positive affect and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Huntington's disease (HD). Objective This longitudinal study determined the association between positive affect and several HRQOL outcomes in persons with HD. Functional status was examined as a moderator of the association between positive affect and HRQOL. Methods Participants, with premanifest (i.e., genetically at risk but no clinical diagnosis, n = 50) and manifest HD (early-stage n = 171; late-stage n = 101), completed a measure of positive affect and well-being and several HRQOL measures at baseline, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. UHDRS Functional Assessment scale indicated functional status. Results Positive affect was associated with better HRQOL for persons with premanifest and manifest HD over the 24-month time frame. These associations were moderated by functional status. For persons with higher functional status, positive affect was associated with better HRQOL, including less depression, lower anxiety, less anger, better social role satisfaction, better executive functions, greater upper extremity function, less dyscontrol, and less concern with death and dying. For persons with lower functional status, positive affect was not associated with HRQOL. Conclusions Positive affect predicted better self-reported HRQOL over a 24-month period in persons with premanifest and manifest HD, particularly when participnats had better functional status. Interventions to enhance positive affect in HD may have beneficial effects on HRQOL.
Paul and the God of the Gift

John Barclay’s book Paul and the Gift complicates a simple opposition between categories of “history” and “being” when it comes to sketching a Pauline doctrine of God. On the one hand, Barclay sees Paul’s understanding of the divine identity as basically narratival and “actualist”: God defines his character in and through the Christ-event. But by tracing the Pauline and post-Pauline placement of Jesus in a pre-existent eternity and as the agent of creation, Barclay also shows that the patristic and later theological tradition’s deployment of the language of divine essence has real roots in the Pauline tradition as well.
When protected areas produce source populations of overabundant species

Abstract While protected areas are a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation, human activities in these areas can negatively affect native species in direct and indirect ways. However, the potential effects of food subsidies provided by visitors on the local- and landscape-scale population dynamics of overabundant species, and how these effects may be augmented by human development outside of parks, are largely unexplored. Here, we investigated how human foods at heavily-visited sites within California parks benefited populations of Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), an overabundant predator of a threatened seabird that nests in remnant old-growth forests. Our study population was heavily subsidized with both juveniles and adults consuming substantial amounts of human foods by biomass (46% and 57%, respectively), as indicated by stable isotope analyses. Juvenile survival, adult survival, and fecundity—estimated from radio-telemetry data—were high and the population was projected to grow rapidly (25% annually). Most juveniles dispersed from parks following seasonal declines in human visitation to areas with high housing densities and more stable resources—with almost half of dispersers returning to old-growth forests the following breeding season. Thus, we found that local food subsidies at heavily-visited sites promoted source populations of jays that may bolster populations in old-growth forests at broader spatial scales, and that this effect was likely augmented by more temporally stable resources in developed areas outside of parks during the nonbreeding season. These novel results indicate that curbing populations of overabundant predators may require reductions in food subsidies both within protected areas and surrounding landscapes.
Thermodynamic modeling of CO2 absorption in aqueous potassium carbonate solution with electrolyte NRTL model

Abstract Aqueous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution is a favorable choice for CO2 removal due to low costs and lessened environmental impacts compared to amine solutions. To support process development of CO2 removal with aqueous solutions, we present a comprehensive thermodynamic model for the H2O + K2CO3 + CO2 ternary system using electrolyte Nonrandom Two-liquid (eNRTL) activity coefficient model. Experimental data of vapor-liquid equilibrium, heat capacity, excess enthalpy, mean ionic activity coefficient and osmotic coefficient are simultaneously used to determine the temperature dependent eNRTL binary interaction parameters for the ternary system and its binary subsystems. Covering a wide temperature range of 273.15–473.15 K, the K2CO3 concentration up to saturation, and the CO2 loading range of 0–3.6, the model satisfactorily represents all the thermodynamic properties for the system. The model should be a very useful tool in the research, development and design of CO2 capture processes involving concentrated K2CO3 solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures.
Blood Preservation Strategies in Total Knee and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasties can be associated with significant blood loss, which may ultimately require transfusion in up to 38% of patients. Allogeneic blood transfusions can impart significant morbidity and mortality and delay patient recovery. A comprehensive patient blood management protocol (PBM), including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies, can help diminish perioperative blood loss, maintain hemostasis, and improve patient outcomes. A comprehensive review of currently available blood management strategies is presented in this chapter.
Marketing Orientation: Past, Present and Future

One of the most written about and debated constructs in marketing literature has been the marketing concept or its companion construct marketing orientation. Although the marketing concept has had its share of detractors over the years, virtually every marketing management or principles text written today includes a discussion of the benefits derived to all types of organizations from adopting the market concept or becoming marketing oriented. This paper seeks to provide a review of the research into this core construct for the marketing discipline, and suggest areas of profitable future research.
Evaluation of different temporal periods between hormone-induced ovulation attempts in the female Fowler’s toad Anaxyrus fowleri

Many amphibian species reinitiate the processes of preparing for reproduction (e.g. oogenesis) soon after breeding indicating hormone-induced ovulation could potentially be achieved out-of-season, which would lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Such strategies would be beneficial to captive breeding programs for threatened species that are short-lived, have aging populations or need large numbers of offspring to meet reintroduction goals for species recovery. Unfortunately, little is known regarding how female anurans respond to multiple ovulation events within a year, which could lead to higher annual fecundity compared to mono-seasonal breeding. Thus, we evaluated the effect of temporal period between exogenous hormone stimulation events on egg production using the Fowler's toad Anaxyrus fowleri as a model species. Female toads (n = 21) were administered hormone therapy twice in 1 year with toads randomly assigned to a treatment of either a 4-, 8- or 12-month recovery period between hormone stimulations. Ovulation was induced using two priming doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU; hCG) 72 h apart, followed by a resolving dose of hCG (500 IU) plus gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa; 15 μg) given 24 h after the second priming injection. Measured response variables include the number of females ovulating after treatment, total number of eggs produced and percent fertilization, neurula and tadpole development. No significant treatment effects were observed for any response variable (P > 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that hormone therapy can be administered in a bufonid species every 4 or 8 months without significantly affecting the number of ovulating females, egg production, fertilization, neurulation or tadpole development. By collecting gametes out-of-season or multiple times throughout the year, captive breeding programs could potentially increase tadpole production for reintroductions as well as extend the breeding window in captivity.
High-speed compressive line-scanned two photon microscopy

We demonstrate a high-speed, single-pixel, line-scanned temporally focused microscope for wide-field multi-photon imaging in scattering medium such as the brain. By combining patterned illumination and compressive reconstruction we image fluorescent bead samples at up to 500 fps over a 150×100 µm2 imaging FOV.
A mesonic analog of the deuteron

Using the LAMP model for nuclear quark structure, we calculate the binding energy and quark structure of a B meson merging with a D meson. Our variational calculation shows that a molecular, deuteron-like state structure changes rather abruptly, as the separation between the two mesons decreases, and at a separation of about 0.14 fm, the hadronic system transforms into a four-quark bound state, although one maintaining an internal structure rather than that of a four-quark "bag." Unlike the deuteron, pion exchange does not provide any contribution to the ≈ 150 MeV binding.
Management of Local Anesthetic Complications

Local anesthesia is an integral part of any cosmetic surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region. This chapter covers management of local and systemic complications relating to local anesthetic agents that are available in modern practice. Each complication will be presented comprehensively, including the background, underlying physiology, clinical manifestations, and management of such conditions. A variety of practical approaches to patient care will be explored, covering any situation that one might incur in the office.
Exploring the Nature of Teaching for Transfer in EAP: A Case Study:

This qualitative case study explored the nature of teaching for transfer of one EAP writing teacher who taught an undergraduate-level academic writing course in the US. The findings of this study r...
Using simulation to accelerate autonomous experimentation: A case study using mechanics.

Summary Autonomous experimentation (AE) accelerates research by combining automation and machine learning to perform experiments intelligently and rapidly in a sequential fashion. While AE systems are most needed to study properties that cannot be predicted analytically or computationally, even imperfect predictions can in principle be useful. Here, we investigate whether imperfect data from simulation can accelerate AE using a case study on the mechanics of additively manufactured structures. Initially, we study resilience, a property that is well-predicted by finite element analysis (FEA), and find that FEA can be used to build a Bayesian prior and experimental data can be integrated using discrepancy modeling to reduce the number of needed experiments ten-fold. Next, we study toughness, a property not well-predicted by FEA and find that FEA can still improve learning by transforming experimental data and guiding experiment selection. These results highlight multiple ways that simulation can improve AE through transfer learning.
Characteristics of Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Mid-season Hybrid Rice under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Different Locations of Southwest China

The characteristics of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake and their utilization of mid-season hybrid rice were studied.Field experiment were conducted with mid-season rice combinations Ⅱ-you 7 and Yuxiangyou 203 grown under the condition of different ecological sites,chemical qualities of soil and the levels of N application in 2009.By using variance,correlation,regression and partial correlation analysis,the results indicated that significant or highly significant differences of grain yield,dry matter production,uptake amount and harvest indexes of N,P,K and N,P,K requirements of above ground plants for producing of 1 000 kg grains (RAGPPG) were found among seven locations.There were significant or highly significant effects of fertilizer application treatments on grain yield,dry matter production,uptake amount,harvest index and N among RAGPPG,but no effect on P and K among RAGPPG.Highly significantly positive correlations were observed among harvest indexes of N,P,K and among RAGPPG,but not between harvest indexes of N,P,K;RAGPPG and grain yield.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that harvest indexes of N,P,K and RAGPPG were significantly influenced by different ecological sites,chemical qualities of soil and the levels of N application,and the determination coefficients ranged from 0.5972-0.8404 and 0.7637-0.8804.The results provide a scientific basis for the determination of the efficient amount of N,P,and K applied for full scale rice cultivation.
Fungal denitrification revisited – Recent advancements and future opportunities

Abstract Fungi play a key role in the nitrogen cycle. Diverse fungi are known to reduce nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide, nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen via denitrification or co-denitrification (microbially mediated nitrosation), and to ammonium via ammonia fermentation (fungal dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium). These processes could significantly contribute to the emission of N2O from soils and the removal of nitrogen from nitrate and nitrite-contaminated environments. However, fungal N2O production may not be necessarily related to their denitrification activity sensu stricto (i.e., reduction of nitrate or nitrite to gaseous N oxides for respiration): N2O can be produced by partially abiotic processes. Therefore, fungi that can reduce nitrate or nitrite to N2O should not be called denitrifying fungi instantaneously. Experiments should be carefully conducted to better discriminate fungal denitrification, co-denitrification, and chemo-denitrification. Various analytical tools have been developed and applied to clarify fungal denitrification and other nitrate/nitrite reduction processes, including the substrate-induced respiration-inhibition method, stable isotope analyses, and culture-dependent and -independent molecular and genomic approaches. In this mini-review, we overview fungal denitrification and other nitrate/nitrite reduction processes, discuss their environmental impacts, summarize recent advancements in the methods to study fungal denitrification, and provide insights on future research opportunities.
In Vivo Labeling and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells with a Folate-Receptor Targeted Molecular Probe

We used a folate-receptor targeted fluorescent molecular probe to label circulating tumor cells directly in the bloodstream in mouse metastasis models. We used a new diffuse light-based optical instrument to non-invasively detect and count them.
Faculty of Color, Bulletproof Souls, and Their Experiences in Communication Sciences and Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, workload, challenges and rewards of working in academia, and recruitment/retention advice and recomme...
Architectural features for scalable shared memory multiprocessors

Cache memories are important in multiprocessors because of memory latencies caused by bus saturation and/or multi-hop interconnections. Traditional multiprocessor cache protocols treat synchronization accesses the same way as normal read/write memory accesses. This approach leads to inefficiencies in performing synchronization operations which ultimately limits the scalability of such systems. We propose synchronization schemes in multiprocessors using cache memories: one for shared bus, and another for general interconnection networks. Each cache line maintains states for synchronization as well as for cache coherence, and the cache protocol ensures correct synchronization operations. Providing the ability to distinguish between synchronization requests and read/write memory accesses allows the software to defer global coherence for shared data until it is absolutely necessary. In this weak consistency model, strong memory coherence may be enforced only at synchronization point. We propose new cache primitives for the weak consistency model and show how they can be implemented with private caches. To assess the performance gain due to our cache protocols, we have performed simulation studies. The workload model represents a dynamic scheduling paradigm which is the kernel of several parallel programs. There is a global work queue of tasks that represents the parallel computation. Each processor takes a task from the work queue and executes it. Queue accesses from the processors are mutually exclusive and barrier synchronizations at the end of a phase of computation are used when needed. Results from simulation studies show that our protocol performs significantly better than the traditional approaches.
Characteristics of the diathermal adsorption calorimeter

Abstract When adsorption calorimeters of the Beebe type are used with particulate adsorbents having low thermal conductivity, the assumption of thermal equilibrium in the calorimeter system is not valid. A differential equation is developed relating calorimeter wall temperature to the balance between cooling losses and heat transferred by the several internal conduction paths. Unique calorimeter parameters are obtained from cooling curve analysis for both calibration and adsorption processes. Techniques for resolving accurate heats of adsorption are discussed.
Comparing immigrant and US born Hispanic business professionals: Insights on discrimination

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study comparing perceptions of discrimination for immigrant and US‐born Hispanics, focusing on Hispanic business professionals.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via nationwide survey of over 1,500 Hispanic business professionals and analyzed via analysis of variance.Findings – No significant differences with regard to perceptions of discrimination were found, although both groups reported some level of discrimination. Immigrants had comparatively lower salaries and higher levels of Hispanic identity, yet, no differences in job satisfaction between groups were found. Post hoc analyses found that immigrants were significantly more likely to seek out mentors and US‐born Hispanics were more likely to join affinity groups at work.Practical implications – Too often, immigrants are misunderstood and mistreated in the workplace. The present study provides an examination of how immigrants might perceive these differences and potentia...
Examining Long-Term Impact of California Safe Routes to School Program: Ten Years Later

California was the first state to legislate a Safe Routes to School (SR2S) program under Assembly Bill 1475 (1999). SR2S funds construction projects that make it safer for children to walk or bicycle to school and encourages a greater number of children to choose these modes of travel for the school commute. The main goal of this project was to assess the long-term impact of program-funded engineering modifications on walking and bicycling levels and safety. Improvements were evaluated with a targeted method to determine the countermeasures that resulted in safety and mode shift. The major results indicated that the safety of pedestrians increased within 250 ft of an infrastructure improvement, such as a sidewalk. There was also evidence of mode shift near improvements. Positive results for safety and mobility, as well as improved data collection for funded programs, should make SR2S programs competitive among other transportation needs.
The solvatochromic properties, α, β, and π*, of PEG-salt aqueous biphasic systems

The solvatochromic properties α, β, and π* have been determined for an aqueous biphasic system (ABS) composed of polyethylene glycol and the salts (NH4)2SO4 or K3PO4 using the probes Reichardt's carboxylated betaine, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-nitroanisole. It was found that the co-existing phases rich in either polymer or salt differed little in their relative polarity or relative basicity and that their basicity and polarity differed little from that of water. On the other hand, the polymer-rich phase was found to be significantly depleted in H-bond donor ability relative to the salt-rich phase and to pure water. The results of this study compared favorably with the results of a solute distribution study encapsulated in a linear free energy relationship. As a result, it seems possible to conclude that the principal molecular determinants of partitioning in ABS are the solute properties size, basicity, and aromaticity or halogenicity.