cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of the far-field pressure signatures of individual jet noise sources

The detection of intermittent near-field noise sources is achieved by continuous wavelet transform of far-field acoustic data. The similarities between signals from three far-field microphones in the annular cone of acoustic radiation from coherent sources in a Ma = 0.6 cold jet are used to identify some of the loudest events. Cross-correlation of relevant band-passed excerpts identifies the most reliable matches, which occur at the rate of one every 20 dimensionless time units on average, and are intermittent in both time and frequency with no obvious pattern. Processing our database produced a catalog of over 9500 individual events with quantitative properties including the magnitude, frequency and time of detection at each microphone. The differences in detection times (lags) are distributed smoothly around the peak of cross-correlations for the raw data. We show how source magnitude and frequency depends on lags, and relate the lags to their relative source location.
Simplex finite element analysis of viscous incompressible flow with penalty function formulation

Viscous flow calculations are important for the determination of separated flows, recirculating flows, secondary flows and so on. This paper presents a penalty function approach for the finite element analysis of steady incompressible viscous flow. A simplex element is used with linear velocity and constant pressure in contrast to other works which usually employ higher order elements. Simplex elements yield analytical expressions for the element matrices which in turn lead to efficient solutions. Earlier works have partially indicated how constraint and lock-up problems might be avoided for simplex elements. This paper extends the earlier works by indicating the approach in detail and verifying that it is successful for several applications not discussed in the literature so far. Solution times and accuracy considerations are discussed for Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow, a driven cavity problem, and laminar and turbulent flow over a step.
The informational content of mechanisms and circuits

This paper presents methods for calculation of the informational content, i.e. complexity, of interacting systems of parts in mechanisms and circuits. The methods have been developed primarily in order to describe self-reproducing systems (Jacobson, 1958) but can be applied with generality to any mechanism or circuit.
Differences in functional connectivity in major depression versus bipolar II depression.

Abstract Background Objective methods of differentiating unipolar versus bipolar depression would enhance our ability to treat these disorders by providing more accurate diagnoses. One first step towards developing diagnostic methodology is determining whether brain function as assessed by functional MRI (fMRI) and functional connectivity analyses might differentiate the two disorders. Methods Fourteen subjects with bipolar II depression and 26 subjects with recurrent unipolar depression were studied using fMRI and functional connectivity analyses. Results The first key finding of this study was that functional connectivity of the right posterior cingulate cortex differentiates bipolar II and unipolar depression. Additionally, results suggest that functional connectivity of this region is associated with suicidal ideation and depression severity in unipolar but not bipolar II depression. Limitations The primary limitation is the relatively small sample size, particularly for the correlational analyses. Conclusions The functional connectivity of right posterior cingulate cortex may differential unipolar from bipolar II depression. Further, connectivity of this region may be associated with depression severity and suicide risk in unipolar but not bipolar depression.
The Markathon: Adapting the Hackathon Model for an Introductory Marketing Class Project

“Hackathons,” the intense, focused, idea-spawning sessions that originated in the programming community, are valued for their ability to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and innovation—all skills that employers say are essential but often lacking in business graduates. This paper introduces the “Markathon,” a team-based project that incorporates features of a hackathon to provide an opportunity for students to put to use marketing concepts learned during the semester, as well as practice other essential business skills. Working in an environment that embodies the spontaneity and time constraints inherent in hackathons, student teams are challenged to develop a product or service that will improve or promote the university. Assessment of this project by students in three sections of introductory marketing classes indicates that the project teaches students important marketing concepts and valuable business skills, while also contributing to students’ engagement in the course.
Improved Neonatal Mortality in the 90's is Not Associated with Increased Postponement of Death into the Post-Neonatal Period † 1313

Objective: To determine if the trend in postponement of neonatal death from neonatal and perinatal-related causes into the post-neonatal period demonstrated between the 1970's and 1980's has continued into the 1990's.
Comparisons of the fatty acid content of cottonseed oil used in glass and iron pans

A half of each of 20 chickens was fried in cottonseed oil in an iron pan and the opposite halves were fried in cottonseed oil in a glass ceramic pan. Oil was reused with replenishing additions of fresh oil until ten chicken halves had been fried. In a separate experiment oil was heated intermittently in glass or in iron pans until it had been heated for a total of 47 1/2 hours. The linoleic acid content of the oil (determined chromatographically) decreased significantly with heating or frying. Oil aliquots from the iron pans were not statistically different from aliquots (treated alike) taken from the glass pans.
A-Type Supergiant Abundances in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Probes of Evolution

New abundances of N, O, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Fe, Sr, Zr, and Ba are presented for 10 A-type supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), plus upper limits for C. In interpreting the CNO results for constraints on stellar evolution theories, careful attention has been paid to the comparison abundances, i.e., the present day abundances of SMC nebulae and B dwarf stars. These new results are also compared to published results from F-K supergiant analyses and found to be in good agreement when both sets of data are carefully examined as differential (SMC minus Galactic standard) abundances. With the exception of nitrogen, very small star-to-star abundance variations are found for all elements in this analysis. The N variations are not predicted by standard stellar evolution models. Instead, the results support the new predictions reported from rotating stellar models, where the range in nitrogen is the result of partial mixing of CN-cycled gas from the stellar interior due to main-sequence rotation at different rates. The overall overabundance of nitrogen in the sampled stars also implies that these stars have undergone the first dredge-up in addition to having been mixed while on the main sequence. The alpha elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti) have similar underabundances to Fe, which is not the same as seen in metal-poor stars in the solar neighborhood of the Galaxy. In addition, certain light s-process elements (Zr, Ba) are slightly more underabundant than Fe, which is predicted by the bursting chemical evolution model presented by Pagel & Tautvaisienė for the SMC.
State of the art and prospects of glass science

Abstract Research on common glasses and other less common non-crystalline solids has been very active and productive in the past decade. There are three primary reasons. The first was the theoretical understanding some twenty years ago which suggested that practically all liquids could be rendered into the glassy state if crystal growth could be suppressed. The second was experimental research which showed that many non-crystalline solids could be prepared by processes other than by the cooling of melts. Vapor phase techniques to prepare ultra-high purity glass fibers, rapid quenching of liquid metals to give metallic glasses, the gel-method to give new oxide glasses, new halide, new chalcogenide, and new nitride glasses are some important examples. A third reason has been the increasing awareness of industry that from a fabrication viewpoint, glasses are better than crystals and that glasses can play an important role in electronics. The prospects of glass science are indeed bright. The entire periodic table is available for exploration in the research of new glass. Many scientific problems still remain to be solved. The relationships between chemical composition, structure and properties are still far from scientific understanding. Examples include chemical durability, especially alkali resistance, and elastic modulus. The solution of these scientific problems will undoubtedly lead to many useful glass products in the future. In this paper, specific examples of important present and future topics will be discussed.
Trajectory Optimization of Mobile Element for Sparse Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile element has been proposed to assist data collection or data relay in Wireless Sensor Networks, since it is able to either significantly save energy consumption or reach disconnected nodes due to the limited radio range. Trajectory of the mobile elements play an important role in avoiding buffer overflow of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose optimization problems for mobile elements in terms of reducing traverse time of the mobile element. The problem is formulated as searching for Euler cycle in the graph obtained from the restricted routes of the mobile element. It’s shown that solution to the resulting Chinese Postman Problem can provide optimal trajectory for the mobile element.
An improved schedulability test for uniprocessor periodic task systems

We present a sufficient linear-time schedulability test for preemptable, asynchronous, periodic task systems with arbitrary relative deadlines, scheduled on a uniprocessor by an optimal scheduling algorithm. We show that this test is more accurate than the commonly-used density condition. We also present and discuss the results of our test with that of a pseudo-polynomial-time schedulability test presented previously for a restricted class of task systems in which utilization is strictly less than one.
Family Systems Theory and Obesity Treatment: Applications for Clinicians

Family-based approaches are recommended for the treatment of pediatric obesity, although most of the literature describes programs that only include the identified child and one parent in the treatment process. As a result, the clinical application of research protocols in nutrition settings may be inadequate; multiple representations of a "family" will be encountered in the clinical environment. Mental health professionals, particularly those who work with children, often engage families in psychotherapy. Developing an understanding of their methods may be beneficial to Dietitians and other clinicians who wish to follow a more family-based approach and may present new avenues for effective treatment. In our tertiary care pediatric obesity clinic, we routinely involve multiple family members throughout the treatment process. Here we discuss our experiences and introduce Bowen's Family Systems Theory as a model for translating family therapy principles into nutrition-focused treatment settings.
Ebola Virus Pathogenesis: Implications for Vaccines and Therapies

Ebola virus is an aggressive pathogen that causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates. First recognized near the Ebola River valley during an outbreak in Zaire in 1976 (6, 20), outbreaks have occurred in Africa in the ensuing 27 years, with mortality rates ranging from 50 to 90% (26, 28). Outbreaks have been identified yearly for the past 3 years in central Africa, the most recent of which continues in the Republic of the Congo, with more than 125 fatalities to date according to the World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_05_07/en/, accessed 7 May 2003). The natural host for Ebola virus is unknown, so it has not been possible to implement programs to control or eliminate viral reservoirs of transmission to human populations. The rapid progression of Ebola virus infection has further complicated the control of this disease, affording little opportunity to develop acquired immunity. There is currently no antiviral therapy or vaccine that is effective against Ebola virus infection in humans. Although its clinical course is well known, the specific mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of Ebola virus have not been clearly delineated. This is due, in part, to the difficulty in obtaining samples and studying the disease in the relatively remote areas in which the outbreaks occur. In addition, a high degree of biohazard containment is required for laboratory studies and clinical analysis. Isolation of the viral cDNAs and the development of expression systems have allowed the study of Ebola virus gene products under less restrictive conditions and facilitated an understanding of the mechanisms underlying virally induced cell damage.
On the effect of different counting rules for control flow operators on Software Science metrics in Fortran

Halstead in his Theory of Software Science, proposed that in the Fortran language, each occurrence of a GOTO i for different label i's be counted as a unique operator. Several writers have questioned the wisdom of this method of counting GOTO's. In this paper, we investigate the effect of counting GOTO's as several occurrences of a single unique operator on various software science metrics. Some 412 modules from the International Mathematical and Statistical Libraries (IMSL) are used as the data base for this study.
Robustness Improvement of Actively Controlled Structures through Structural Modifications

The parameter variations introduced by the analysis model, uncertain material properties, or optimization may adversely influence the stability and performance characteristics of a closed-loop controlled structure. The improvement of robustness of actively controlled structures through structural modifications is considered in this work. The stability and performance robustness indices are defined as measures of robustness of actively controlled structures. The integrated structural/control design problem is considered as a multiobjective optimization problem, in which three objectives—structural weight, stability robustness index, and performance robustness index—are considered for minimization. The utility function, lexicographic, and goal programming methods are applied to solve the multiobjective nonlinear programming problem. Two examples, a two-bar truss and two-bay truss, are considered to demonstrate the procedure. HERE has been a dramatic increase in the past decade in the use of active control systems to improve structural performance.1'2 The major challenge in the field of active control of structures is in the design of control systems for very large space structures. These structures are by nature distributed parameter systems with multiple inputs (controls) and a continuum of outputs (displacements). The finite-ele- ment method is commonly used for the description of these structures. This is a source of parameter errors and truncated (or reduced order) models in the system. In addition, the structural properties of large space structures cannot be tested before they are put into orbit and, hence, sizeable uncertain- ties exist in modal parameters. A great deal of research is currently in progress on develop- ing methods for the simultaneous (integrated) design of the structure and the control system. The weight of the structure was minimized, with constraints on the distribution of the eigenvalues and/or damping ratio of the closed-loop system by Khot et al.3 Miller and Shim4 considered the simultaneous minimization, in structural and control variables, of the sum of structural weight and the infinite horizon linear regulator quadratic control cost. The structure/control system optimiza- tion problem was formulated by Khot et al.,5 with constraints on the closed-loop eigenvalue distribution and the minimum Frobenious norm of the control gains. It can be seen that in all the above works the consideration of robustness of the control system has been ignored. The parameter variations introduced by the analysis model, uncertain material properties, or optimization may adversely influence the stability and performance characteristics of the control system. The robustness is an extremely important feature of a feedback control design. A robust control design is one that satisfactorily meets the system specifications, even in the presence of parameter uncertainties and other modeling errors. Since the system specifications could be in terms of
A Limited Restraint Harness for Use in Long-Term Infusion of Chickens

Abstract A limited restraint harness was developed which permits long-term infusion of chickens under near normal conditions. The harness allows the birds to stand, sit, move forward and backward, and turn 180° in either direction without twisting the cannula.
Coupled economic-coastline modeling with suckers and free riders

[1] Shoreline erosion is a natural trend along most sandy coastlines. Humans often respond to shoreline erosion with beach nourishment to maintain coastal property values. Locally extending the shoreline through nourishment alters alongshore sediment transport and changes shoreline dynamics in adjacent coastal regions. If left unmanaged, sandy coastlines can have spatially complex or simple patterns of erosion due to the relationship of large-scale morphology and the local wave climate. Using a numerical model that simulates spatially decentralized and locally optimal nourishment decisions characteristic of much of U.S. East Coast beach management, we find that human erosion intervention does not simply reflect the alongshore erosion pattern. Spatial interactions generate feedbacks in economic and physical variables that lead to widespread emergence of “free riders” and “suckers” with subsequent inequality in the alongshore distribution of property value. Along cuspate coastlines, such as those found along the U.S. Southeast Coast, these long-term property value differences span an order of magnitude. Results imply that spatially decentralized management of nourishment can lead to property values that are divorced from spatial erosion signals; this management approach is unlikely to be optimal.
The impact of donor age and recipient age on clinical course and immune response after organ transplantation

Organ shortage and increasing numbers of older patients on the waiting list represent major challenges in organ transplantation. As a consequence, older donor organs are increasingly used and preferentially allocated to elderly recipients. However, knowledge on donor age– and recipient age–dependent immune responses is limited. We reviewed the impact of donor age and recipient age on clinical outcomes. An increased immunogenicity of older grafts and an altered immune response of elderly recipients may require age-specific immunosuppression. Age-related immune responses may also impact current preclinical tolerance protocols.
Isoflavones inhibit poly(I:C)-induced serum, brain, and skin inflammatory mediators - relevance to chronic fatigue syndrome

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a neuroimmunoendocrine disease affecting about 1% of the US population, mostly women. It is characterized by debilitating fatigue for six or more months in the absence of cancer or other systemic diseases. Many CFS patients also have fibromyalgia and skin hypersensitivity that worsen with stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), secreted under stress, activate mast cells (MC) necessary for allergic reactions to release inflammatory mediators that could contribute to CFS symptoms. Objective: To investigate the effect of isoflavones on the action of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), with or without swim stress, on mouse locomotor activity and inflammatory mediator expression, as well as on human MC activation.
Polyprotic acid catholyte for high capacity dual-electrolyte Li-air batteries.

The polyprotic acid H3PO4 in a Li2SO4 supporting electrolyte has been effectively utilized as a catholyte donating three protons in dual-electrolyte Li–air cells. The cell offers a high capacity of 740 mA h g−1 at an average cell voltage of 3.3 V with good rechargeability and stability.
Four new yeasts in the Candida mesenterica clade associated with basidiocarp-feeding beetles

We isolated five yeasts related to Candida mesenterica from the digestive tract, frass, and habitat of beetles in six families inhabiting basidiocarps. Based on rDNA sequence comparisons and pheno- typic characters, the yeasts were identified as Koda- maea ohmeri and four undescribed taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of combined small and large subunit ribo- somal DNA sequences placed the five taxa in a statis- tically well supported clade with C. mesenterica, Can- dida suecica and other yeast species known from basidiocarps, including 'Endomyces scopularum' (CBS154.92 and 155.92), Candida fukazawae, Can- dida fungicola and Candida sagamina. Only one of the new taxa produced ascospores; the other three reproduced only asexually. The yeasts appear to be less closely associated with beetles than with the bee- tle habitat. The new species and their type strains are Kodamaea laetipori (type strain NRRL Y-27713 T ), Candida derodonti (type strain NRRL Y-27711 T ), Can- dida arcana (type strain NRRL Y-27712 T ) and Can- dida plutei (type strain NRRL Y-27715 T ).
Sex and the Kidney

Several lines of evidence indicate that there are sex differences in the incidence and severity of cardiovascular and renal disease. Men are more prone to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to progresses to end-stage renal disease than are women, when all-cause incidence rates are considered.1 When a primary diagnosis is taken into account, this assertion holds true for many causes of CKD, such as IgA or membranous nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, or polycystic kidney disease.2 However, in the case of diabetic renal disease, the sexual dimorphism favoring women is not as clear cut, and clinical data are conflicting.2 Extensive experimental studies document a role for sex hormones, androgens and estrogens, in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal physiology and pathology. Generally, beneficial effects of estrogens were considered to underlie the relative protection of women against cardiovascular disease and to explain the loss of such protection after menopause. However, recent data from the Women’s Health Initiative study disproved the expected beneficial results of female sex hormone replacement on primary events associated with cardiovascular disease. The alternative explanation, that the presence of androgens and not the absence of estrogens predisposes men to developing cardiovascular disease and CKD, has recently received increasing attention from basic and clinical investigators, but preconceived notions and entrenched dogma in this field have been difficult to overcome.3 Androgens have been demonstrated to affect multiple hormonal and autacoid systems, which participate in the …
Laparoscopic Splenectomy: Perioperative Management, Surgical Technique, and Results

Since their introduction in the early 1990s, minimally invasive techniques have gained widespread acceptance because of the significant benefits that patients are able to experience. Some of these benefits include reduced postoperative pain, earlier return to normal activity, and improved cosmesis when compared with open surgery. For these reasons, since its first description by Delaitre and Maignien in 1991, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been increasingly utilized for a safe surgical removal of the spleen with nearly equivalent or superior short- and long-term outcomes when compared with the open approach. In this technical report, we aim to describe our preoperative and postoperative management of patients undergoing LS and to illustrate our preferred surgical technique, its rationale, and our results.
Human U2 snRNA Genes Exhibit a Persistently Open Transcriptional State and Promoter Disassembly at Metaphase

In mammals, small multigene families generate spliceosomal U snRNAs that are nearly as abundant as rRNA. Using the tandemly repeated human U2 genes as a model, we show by footprinting with DNase I and permanganate that nearly all sequences between the enhancer-like distal sequence element and the initiation site are protected during interphase whereas the upstream half of the U2 snRNA coding region is exposed. We also show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that the SNAPc complex, which binds the TATA-like proximal sequence element, is removed at metaphase but remains bound under conditions that induce locus-specific metaphase fragility of the U2 genes, such as loss of CSB, BRCA1, or BRCA2 function, treatment with actinomycin D, or overexpression of the tetrameric p53 C terminus. We propose that the U2 snRNA promoter establishes a persistently open state to facilitate rapid reinitiation and perhaps also to bypass TFIIH-dependent promoter melting; this open state would then be disassembled to allow metaphase chromatin condensation.
Field-improvised war surgery in Kosovo: use of kitchen utensils as surgical instruments.

ABSTRACT After years of conflict between Serbia and neighboring Kosovo, a full-blown war started in March 1999 when the Serbian and Yugoslav armies began a statewide military crackdown against ethnic Albanians and the Kosovo Liberation Army. Most ethnic Albanians were displaced to Macedonia or Albania. Some, however, found refuge in the Molopolce mountain region of Kosovo among military personnel, thus necessitating the creation of a field medical facility. Patient treatment at the field-improvised Nerodime Military Hospital, and the management of work took place under very difficult conditions including a chronic lack of appropriate medical equipment. Improvised lifesaving surgeries were performed with kitchen utensils serving as retractors at the field hospital. This article compares the treatment of patients between the two hospitals, and is the first article to date describing the war experience in general at the field hospitals in Kosovo.
SQUIDS: Theory and Practice

DC Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) incorporating two resistively shunted tunnel junctions are routinely fabricated from thin films of low-transition-temperature (Tc) superconductors. An integrated superconducting input coil couples the SQUID to the signal source. Typical dc SQUIDs operating at 4.2K have a magnetic flux noise of 10-6Φ0Hz-1/2 corresponding to a noise energy of 10-32 JHz-1 at frequencies f above the I/f noise knee, which may be below 1Hz (Φ0≡h/2e is the flux quantum). Recently, the performance of thin-film rf SQUIDs, which involve a single junction, has improved significantly, and the sensitivity of a device operated at 3GHz approaches that of dc SQUIDs. In the last year, there have been dramatic improvements in the performance of both dc and rf SQUIDs made from high-Tc thin films, and noise energies of about 10-30 JHz-1 at frequencies down to a few Hz have been achieved at 77K. Multilayer thin-film flux transformers are now available. Instruments based on low-Tc SQUIDs include magnetometers, magnetic gradiometers, voltmeters, susceptometers, amplifiers, and displacement sensors; their applications vary from neuromagnetism and magnetotelluric sounding to the detection of gravity waves and magnetic resonance.
Revisiting the Clopidogrel–Proton Pump Inhibitor Interaction From Bench to Bedside

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 antagonist represents the mainstay of therapy for prevention of ischemic events in high-risk patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Over the last 2 decades, the arsenal of antithrombotic agents available to clinicians has rapidly expanded, contributing to step-wise declines in cardiovascular mortality after ACS and PCI.1 In this setting, clinically significant bleeding complications, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding, remain a major barrier to intensifying antiplatelet inhibition.2 Strategies to attenuate this excess gastrointestinal risk are limited. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been demonstrated to reduce gastrointestinal bleeding3 and patient-reported dyspepsia4 in patients receiving DAPT. As such, gastroprotection with PPIs in patients requiring DAPT at high risk for bleeding events is supported by consensus guidelines.5,6 See Article by Weisz et al Clopidogrel remains the most widely prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor worldwide, largely related to clinician familiarity and affordability. Given frequent co-administration of clopidogrel and PPI therapy, their common hepatic metabolism, and the consequences of suboptimal therapeutic effects, clarifying a possible adverse pharmacological interaction between these agents has been an ongoing substantial research effort. Indeed, regulatory agencies have issued formal statements highlighting the potential safety hazards of concurrent use of clopidogrel and certain PPIs (namely, omeprazole and esomeprazole). Despite new data generated in this space and increased attention from regulatory and research fronts, it remains unclear whether the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between clopidogrel and PPIs has any real-world clinical implications. PPIs may reduce the availability of the biologically active metabolite of clopidogrel by competitively inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), one of the isozymes responsible for the step-wise hepatic oxidation and subsequent hydroxylation of the thienopyridine prodrug.7 Heterogeneity exists in the inhibitory effects of specific PPIs on CYP2C19 isozymes. …
Combined medial canthopexy and lateral tarsal strip for floppy eyelid syndrome.

Abstract Purpose To describe the eyelid condition known as “floppy eyelid syndrome” and to present the results of our experience treating patients with floppy eyelid syndrome. Methods A retrospective analysis of 16 patients from 2009 to 2013 who underwent combined medial canthopexy and lateral tarsal strip by two surgeons (HBL and WRN) for the treatment of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES). Age, gender, presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), papillary conjunctivitis, punctate keratopathy and lash ptosis were recorded pre-operatively. Outcomes assessed included improvement in upper eyelid laxity, operative complications, post-operative symptomatic relief and delayed recurrence of FES. Results A total of 18 procedures (on 36 eyelids) were performed on 16 patients over the 4-year period. All patients (18/18) had relief of symptoms and good functional results, defined as improvement in lid laxity and resolution of symptoms. Average follow up was 124 days. 8 of 16 patients (50%) had a pre-existing diagnosis of OSA. The remaining 8 patients were referred for sleep study and 2 were subsequently diagnosed with OSA. Two patients experienced some degree of FES recurrence without return of symptoms. There was one complication reported in which a partial dehiscence of the lateral canthal tendon occurred which did not require operative revision. Conclusions Combined medial canthopexy and lateral tarsal strip are a safe and effective technique for the treatment of floppy eyelid syndrome. There is a strong association of FES and OSA and it is important to have any patient diagnosed with FES evaluated for OSA.
California Milk Control Legislation

During the 1937 session of the California Legislature several acts were passed providing for the determination and enforcement of prices of market milk. These acts were incorporated in Chapter Io, Division IV, of the Agricultural Code of California. The two most important of these acts were the Young Act dealing with minimum prices to be paid to producers for market milk and the Desmond Act dealing with minimum wholesale and retail prices. The administration of all these acts was entrusted to the Director of the State Department of Agriculture. The original Young Act was passed in 1935 and its provisions were applied to seven marketing areas in the state. Late in 1936 an adverse decision in the Superior Court of San Francisco raised considerable doubts as to the constitutionality of the original law. As the Legislature was to meet early in 1937, it was decided by dairymen and others in favor of the legislation to try and get an amended act passed. This was done early in 1937, the amended act being passed with an urgency clause, which permitted its administration immediately after it was signed by the Governor. By the end of June 1937, twelve marketing areas including most of the larger cities of the state had been established. The amended Young Act is similar to acts in many other states providing for the determination and enforcement of producers' prices. These are to be based upon the economic relation between prices of market milk and prices of manufacturing milk in the various marketing areas. The Director of Agriculture may appoint local milk control boards of 7 members in the various marketing areas to advise and assist him in administration of the marketing plans. All distributors in the established areas have to be licensed. Producers pay a fee of 2 mills a pound of milk fat for administrative purposes. Marketing areas and plans are set up after appropriate hearing and only if 65 % of the producers in an area are in favor. After considerable debate and much opposition the Desmond Act was passed late in the 1937 session of the California Legislature and went into effect on August 27, 1937. This act extended the power of the Director of Agriculture to determine and establish minimum wholesale and retail prices as soon as possible in existing marketing areas and to put both producer and resale prices into effect in new areas. Five new marketing areas have since been established, although marketing plans have as yet not been provided for. The Desmond Act contains certain unique provisions governing the establishment of resale prices. These can only be established after hearings, audits, and surveys of costs of distribution have been made in the various areas. The law provides that the audits and surveys have to be made by an impartial authority. The law furthermore provides that the minimum wholesale and retail prices can be established in any marketing area only after the Director of Agriculture has determined in writing that such prices will (I) cover all reasonable costs, including a reasonable return upon necessary investments of reasonably efficient distributors of various types
Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells: effect of carboxyl anchor group orientation on the cell performance.

The effect of the orientation of the porphyrin sensitizer onto the TiO2 surface on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is reported. Free-base and zinc porphyrins bearing a carboxyl anchoring group at the para, meta, or ortho positions of one of the meso-phenyl rings were synthesized for application in Gratzel-type photoelectrochemical cells. The remainder of the meso-phenyl rings was substituted with alkyl chains of different length to visualize any aggregation effects. Absorption and fluorescence studies were performed to characterize and observe spectral coverage of the thirteen newly synthesized porphyrin derivatives. Photoelectrochemical studies were performed after immobilization of porphyrins onto nanocrystalline TiO2 and compared with DSSC constructed using N719 dye as reference. The performance of DSSCs with the porphyrin anchoring at the para or meta position were found to greatly exceed those with the anchoring group in the ortho position. Additionally, cells constructed using ...
Light Penetration in Relation to Small Mammal Abundance

Microtus pennsylvanicus usually seems to be most abundant in the heaviest grassy cover of an area. Eadie (Jour. Mamm., 34: 263–264, 1953), reported on relative vole abundance in a quarter-acre quadrat of an uncut timothy field. He found that the area of high mouse numbers as measured by bait acceptance “… had almost twice as much vegetative cover as the area of low acceptance.” To measure cover he air dried and weighed all vegetation taken from small random plots in the “high” and “low” areas. I decided to see if the same general results would be obtained using the “dropping board” method (4 in. × 4 in. squares of ¼ in. plywood—Emlen et al. in MS.). The “Grady Tract” of the University of Wisconsin Arboretum, where this work was carried out, includes …
Studying of Customer's Requirement in Industrial Design

The theory of customer's requirement in industrial design was analyzed.The importance and especial characteristic of customer's requirement were studied,massive customization,evaluating technique and tabulation as important technique to obtain the requirement information,were stated.The strategy of product development can meet requirement and improve efficiency and production value.
Association of Eyelid Position and Facial Nerve Palsy With Unresolved Weakness

ImportanceUnderstanding the prevalence and clinical features of eyelid malpositions in facial nerve palsy (FNP) may inform proper management of patients with FNP and supplement our knowledge of eye...
America and World Commerce

Despite the social defences erected against the unchecked working of the market economy,1 a belief in the justice and power of the market place is central to American life. In this sense, the Americans have remained true to their original intention in coming to this land: not to loot and leave but to settle and trade.
Open versus endoscopic medial orbital decompression: Utilization, cost, and operating room time.

BACKGROUND The advent of endoscopic sinus surgery has created an exciting interface between rhinology and ophthalmology in the area of orbital and optic nerve decompression Objectives: (1) To study the utilization of open versus endoscopic medial orbital decompression based on geography and indication, (2) to describe the demographics of the patient populations who underwent these different techniques, and (3) to compare outcomes, including mean charges and operating room (OR) times Methods: Cases identified by Current Procedural and Terminology codes were extracted from the California, Florida, Maryland, and New York State Ambulatory Surgery Databases from 2009 to 2011. Patient demographics, diagnoses, mean charge, and OR time were compared. RESULTS A total of 1009 patients underwent orbital decompression; 93.0% of cases involved the medial wall only; 22.9% of medial decompressions were performed endoscopically, 74.5% were open, and 2.6% were via combined approach. Eighty percent of patients had thyroid eye disease. Analyses adjusted for sex, age, race, state, and diagnosis found that surgeries for infection (N = 47) were more likely to be performed endoscopically compared with procedures for other diagnoses (N = 962) (odds ratio 5.27 [2.67-10.40], p < 0.001). Patients in Florida were more likely to undergo endoscopic decompression compared with patients in California (odds ratio 2.35 [1.42-3.62]). The difference in median charge for endoscopic ($13,119) versus open ($11,291; p = 0.085) procedures was not significant on bivariate analysis but was significant on multivariate analysis (p = 0.04). The median OR time for open procedures was, on average, 33 minutes shorter (endoscopic, 132 minutes; open, 98 minutes; p ≤ 0.001) on bivariate analysis but was not significantly different when controlling for covariables (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION In the study sample, endoscopic orbital decompression was performed in 22.9% of patients, with significant variation in surgical technique based on geography and indication. Procedures that used endoscopic compared with open decompression techniques had no significant difference in charge on bivariate analysis. The OR time for open procedures was shorter on bivariate but not on multivariate analysis. Further research is required regarding the relative effectiveness of open versus endoscopic surgical techniques for various indications.
Protein electrophoretic migration data from custom and commercial gradient gels.

This paper presents data related to the article “A method for easily customizable gradient gel electrophoresis” (A.J. Miller, B. Roman, E.M. Norstrom, 2016) [1]. Data is presented on the rate of electrophoretic migration of proteins in both hand-poured and commercially acquired acrylamide gradient gels. For each gel, migration of 9 polypeptides of various masses was measured upon completion of gel electrophoresis. Data are presented on the migration of proteins within separate lanes of the same gel as well as migration rates from multiple gels.
Mismatches in Low Expression HLA Class II Loci and MIC-A in Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT).

Abstract Little is known of the possible additive effects of mismatches in low expression class II HLA loci (DQB1, DPB1 and DRB3,4,5), and mismatches in MHC class I chain related (MIC-A) on the outcomes of unrelated donor HSCT. We investigated such hypothesis in a group of 139 consecutive patients (pts) with myeloid leukemias transplanted from 01/02 to 02/06 in our institution. All pts received a 8/8 matched graft (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1). Preparative regimens were ablative [IV Busulfan-based (n=93) or Cy/TBI (n=1)], and reduced intensity [(Fludarabine (Flu)/Bu 130 mg/m2/2 doses plus Gleevec (n=7), and Flu/Melphalan 140 mg/m2 (n=38)]. Stem cell (SC) source was bone marrow (n=107) or peripheral blood (n=32). ATG was given in 134 cases. GVHD prophylaxis was tacrolimus and mini-methotrexate in all cases, with additional pentostatin in 38 pts. High-resolution typing was sequence-based for HLA-A, B, DRB1; SSP was used for DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1, SBT/SSOP for HLA-C and nucleotide-sequencing for MIC-A. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to study aGVHD-free and relapse-free survival (RFS). Variables with a p-value Results: Median age was 50 yrs (range, 14–75). Diagnoses were MDS (n=19), AML (n=95), CML (n=18) and other MPD diseases (n=6). 61 patients (44%) were in 1st or 2nd CR at transplant; all CML pts were in >1st chronic phase (CP). 133 (96%) patients engrafted neutrophils at a median of 13 days. 49 (35%) and 13 (09%) pts developed grade II-IV and III-IV aGVHD, respectively. Chronic GVHD incidence was 33%. With a median follow-up of 16 months (range, 2–64), 78 pts are alive. Median survival has not been reached. Reduced-intensity conditioning regimen was the only covariate which influenced aGVHD-free survival by MV analysis [p= 0.05; HR 0.53 (95%CI 0.28–1.0)]. Treatment-related mortality was higher among patients who had more than 3 mismatches in the low-expression loci and/or in MIC-A [p=0.01; HR 3.87 (95%CI 1.33–11.26)]. Among the 82 pts who were in CR at transplantation, 10/10 matching status reduced the incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD [p= 0.04; HR 0.35 (95%CI 1.18–0.72)], while the presence of a MIC-A mismatch determined a higher grade II-IV aGVHD incidence [p=0.02; HR 2.7 (95%CI 1.15–6.31)]. Conclusion: Multiple mismatches in low expression loci and in MIC-A increase treatment-related mortality in HLA 8/8 matched donor-recipient pairs in a cumulative manner.
Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Background The etiology of instability following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the shared characteristics, etiologies, and outcomes of early and late dislocations requiring operative revision. Methods We identified all patients at our institution who underwent operative revision of an RTSA for instability. Baseline demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected. Standardized outcome scores were collected preoperatively and at final follow-up. Characteristics of dislocations that occurred less than 3 months postoperatively (early) were compared with those that occurred more than 3 months postoperatively (late). Results Twenty-two patients met the criteria, and follow-up was obtained on 19 patients at 4.9 ± 2.5 years, with 14 early and 5 late dislocations. Most patients in both groups were men, were aged over 70 years, and had a history of shoulder surgery. On analysis of instability etiology, 68% had inadequate soft-tissue tensioning (10% due to partial axillary nerve injuries). The remaining patients had asymmetric liner wear, mechanical liner failure, or impinging heterotopic ossification. Asymmetric liner wear accounted for 60% of late dislocations. Recurrent instability after revision was present in 29% of early and 40% of late dislocators. Discussion No significant differences in outcomes or recurrence rates were found for early and late dislocations. Of the late dislocations, 80% had evidence of adduction impingement, via either heterotopic ossification or asymmetric polyethylene wear. Post-RTSA instability had 2 distinct etiologies: (1) instability due to inadequate soft-tissue tensioning and/or axillary nerve palsy and (2) instability due to impingement or liner failure.
Jorge Medina Vidal, Aspectos de la poesía lírica de Cervantes. Universidad de la República, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Montevideo, 1959; 80 pp. / Manuel García Puertas, Cervantes y la crisis del Renacimiento español. Universidad de la República, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Montevideo, 1962; 118 pp.

Se resenaron los libros: Aspectos de la poesia lirica de Cervantes y Cervantes y la crisis del Renacimiento espanol.
Beyond the drude approach: a Keldysh-Vinogradov model of dynamics of ultrafast laser-induced electron excitation

High-power laser-semiconductor interactions are frequently simulated with the Keldysh photoionization-rate formula and Drude model to describe generation and dynamics of conduction-band electrons. We report a novel approach utilizing the multi-band Keldysh formula and Vinogradov equation.
Trauma and Very Young Children

This article examines the intersection of early childhood mental health and trauma. Working definitions, incidence, and prevalence of trauma events for this population are outlined with an emphasis on children younger than age 4 years. Trauma impacts on early childhood development are reviewed, with attention to clinical consequences, protective factors, and resilience. Best practices for assessment, screening tools, and treatment methods are presented based on the current research. Future implications include clinician and researcher partnerships to increase the number of effective screening and intervention tools for addressing trauma in very young children.
Cough sensors. IV. Nicotinic membrane receptors on cough sensors.

Cigarette smoke is undoubtedly one of the most common inhaled irritants in the human respiratory tract, and invariably evokes coughing in both smokers and nonsmokers. Results obtained from the studies in human volunteers and from single-fiber recording of vagal bronchopulmonary afferents in animals clearly indicate that nicotine is primarily responsible for the airway irritation and coughing caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke. Furthermore, both nicotine and acetylcholine can evoke inward current, membrane depolarization, and action potentials in isolated pulmonary sensory neurons, and these responses are blocked by hexamethonium. Taken together, these findings suggest that the tussive effect of nicotine is probably mediated through an activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on the sensory terminals of cough receptors located in the airway mucosa. Indeed, the expressions of α4 – α7 and β2 – β4 subunits of nAChR transcripts in pulmonary sensory neurons have lent further support to this conclusion. The specific subtypes of the neuronal nAChRs and their subunit compositions expressed on the cough sensors remain to be determined.