cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a Technological Solution Used to Waterproofing Rehabilitation for Building Infrastructure

Abstract This paper takes as its starting points the current national standards and regulations as well as provisions of BS 8102:2009 (Code of practice for protection of below ground structures against water from the ground) and psychometric chart (the humid air chart). Given the above data, it is desired to present the possibility in which a technological solution used to waterproofing rehabilitation of building infrastructure can be optimized. The method has been successfully implemented at churches and castles, in order to eliminate the rising damp and to drain the affected brick walls. In this regard we have developed a software application which allows better and faster evaluation of the optimal technological solution as well as quick comparative assessment of the intervention costs.
Roosting Habits of Two Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat) in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia

Abstract Lasiurus borealis (Eastern Red Bat), long considered a common species, is now experiencing population declines. Most studies of their roosting habits have reported that the species uses mature canopy trees. We radio-tracked 2 adult male Eastern Red Bats to their roost trees in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia in June of 2012. Both bats roosted in a different tree each day, but spent 3–5 days roosting in groups of nearby trees before making larger movements out of the study area. Characteristics of roost trees differed markedly between bats. One bat roosted in Castanea dentata (American Chestnut) and Quercus rubra (Red Oak) saplings in early-successional habitat; the other roosted in mature Quercus spp. (oaks) in closed-canopy forest. Most roost trees and nearby trees were shorter and smaller diameter than those reported in previous studies. Our results suggest Eastern Red Bats have relatively broad roosting habits that include use of both early- and late-successional habitat.
Using Systems Theory to Understand the Identity of Academic Advising: A Case Study

For decades, advising practitioners and scholars have worked toward developing an identity for advising as a unique field of scholarly inquiry and practice. To date, the identity crisis in advising remains. This study presents an examination and description of the function, purpose, and identity of a university advising system through comparisons of ideals espoused by advisors and administrators with practice. Based on systems theory as a framework, this study shows that the identity of academic advising can be misunderstood because of systemic issues. Addressing systemic flaws may help clarify the identity of academic advising within a specific system and possibly the field as a whole.
The effects of a multicomponent intervention program on clinical outcomes associated with falls in healthy older adults

Multicomponent intervention programs have been shown to be effective in reducing risk factors associated with falls, but the primary target population of these interventions is often low-functioning older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention program focusing on balance and muscle strength for independently functioning community-dwelling older adults. Fifty-three independently functioning older adults, aged 80.09 ± 6.62 years, participated in a group exercise class (conducted 2 times/week for 8 weeks) emphasizing balance. Outcome measures were balance performance using the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale and muscle strength using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). The intervention improved balance (P < 0.001), and older adults who were classified as having high fall risks based on the FAB scores at pre-testing improved more than older adults who were classified as having low fall risks (P = 0.017). As a result, 22 participants transitioned from a high fall risk group at pre-testing to a low fall risk group at post-testing (P < 0.001). The intervention also enhanced both upper and lower muscle extremity strength based on SFT results (P < 0.001) regardless of participants’ classification of fall risk status. The multicomponent intervention conducted two times per week for 8 weeks was effective in improving balance and enhancing muscle strength of independently functioning older adults. The results underscore the importance of providing fall prevention interventions to healthy older adults, a population often not a target of balance interventions.
Consequences of Confinement for Alkene Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide on Highly Dispersed Group 4 and 5 Metal Oxide Catalysts

Ti, Nb, and Ta atoms substituted into the framework of zeolite *BEA (M-BEA) or grafted onto mesoporous silica (M-SiO2) irreversibly activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form pools of metal-hydroperoxide (M-OOH) and peroxide (M-(η2-O2)) species for alkene epoxidation. The product distributions from reactions with Z-stilbene, in combination with time-resolved UV–vis spectra of the reaction between H2O2-activated materials and cyclohexene, show that M-OOH surface intermediates epoxidize alkenes on Ti-based catalysts, while M-(η2-O2) moieties epoxidize substrates on the Nb- and Ta-containing materials. Kinetic measurements of styrene (C8H8) epoxidation reveal that these materials first adsorb and then irreversibly activate H2O2 to form pools of interconverting M-OOH and M-(η2-O2) intermediates, which then react with styrene or H2O2 to form either styrene oxide or H2O2 decomposition products, respectively. Activation enthalpies (ΔH⧧) for C8H8 epoxidation and H2O2 decomposition decrease linearly with increasing...
A Platinum(II) Complex of Heptamethine Cyanine for Photoenhanced Cytotoxicity and Cellular Imaging in Near-IR Light

Controlled generation of cytotoxic agents with near-IR light is a current focus of photoactivated cancer therapy, including that involving cytotoxic platinum species. A heptamethine cyanine scaffolded PtII complex, IR797-Platin exhibits unprecedented Pt-O bond scission and enhancement in DNA platination in near-IR light. This complex also displayed significant singlet oxygen quantum yield thereby qualifying as a near-IR photodynamic therapeutic agent. The complex showed 30-60 fold enhancement of cytotoxicity in near-IR light in various cancer cell lines. The cellular imaging properties were also leveraged to observe its significant co-localization in cytoplasmic organelles. This is the first demonstration of a near-IR light-initiated therapy involving the cytotoxic effects of both active cisplatin and singlet oxygen.
Speaking Your Mind: Using elements of narrative storytelling in eLearning

To compensate for the lack of human presence in online courses, consider adding narrative story elements to your eLearning that situates the learner in immersive, real-world scenarios. Framing learning in the context of relatable stories can add tremendous value and enjoyment to students' instruction. Employ an appropriate course voice that attracts users to the content, inviting them to explore, rather than overwhelming them with information.
Soil C:N:P stoichiometry responds to vegetation change from grassland to woodland

Woody encroachment has been a major land cover change in dryland ecosystems during the past century. While numerous studies have demonstrated strong effects of woody encroachment on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) storage, far less is known about the plasticity of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in response to woody encroachment. We assessed landscape-scale patterns of spatial heterogeneity in soil C:N:P ratios throughout a 1.2 m soil profile in a region where grassland is being replaced by a diverse assemblage of subtropical woody plants dominated by Prosopis glandulosa, an N2-fixing tree. Woody species had leaf and fine root C:N:P ratios significantly different from grasses. Variation in soil C:N ratios in both horizontal and vertical planes was remarkably smaller than that of soil N:P and C:P ratios. Spatial patterns of soil C:N ratio throughout the profile were not strongly related to vegetation cover. In contrast, spatial patterns of soil N:P and C:P ratios displayed a strong resemblance to that of vegetation cover throughout the soil profile. Within the uppermost soil layer (0–5 cm), soil N:P and C:P ratios were higher underneath woody patches while lower within the grassland; however, this pattern was reversed in subsurface soils (15–120 cm). These results indicate a complex response of soil C:N:P stoichiometry to vegetation change, which could have important implications for understanding C, N, and P interactions and nutrient limitations in dryland ecosystems.
Anatomical location, sex, and age influence murine arterial circumferential cyclic strain before and during dobutamine infusion

BACKGROUND One of the primary biomechanical factors influencing arterial health is their deformation across the cardiac cycle, or cyclic strain, which is often associated with arterial stiffness. Deleterious changes in the cardiovascular system, e.g., increased arterial stiffness, can remain undetected until the system is challenged, such as under a cardiac stressor like dobutamine. PURPOSE To quantify cyclic strain in mice at different locations along the arterial tree prior to and during dobutamine infusion, while evaluating the effects of sex and age. STUDY TYPE Control/cohort study. ANIMAL MODEL Twenty C57BL/6 mice; male, female; ∼12 and 24 weeks of age; n = 5 per group. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7T; CINE MRI with 12 frames, velocity compensation, and prospective cardiac gating. ASSESSMENT Prior to and during the infusion of dobutamine, Green-Lagrange circumferential cyclic strain was calculated from perimeter measurements derived from CINE data acquired at the carotid artery, suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta, and iliac artery. STATISTICAL TESTS Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc tests was used to evaluate the influence of dobutamine, anatomical location, sex, and age. RESULTS Heart rates did not differ between groups prior to or during dobutamine infusion (P = 0.87 and P = 0.08, respectively). Dobutamine increased cyclic strain in each group. Within a group, increases in strain were similar across arteries. At the suprarenal aorta, strain was reduced in older mice at baseline (young 27.6 > mature 19.3%, P = 0.01) and during dobutamine infusion (young 53.0 > mature 36.2%, P = 0.005). In the infrarenal aorta, the response (dobutamine - baseline) was reduced in older mice (young 21.9 > mature 13.5%, P = 0.04). DATA CONCLUSION Dobutamine infusion increases circumferential cyclic strain throughout the arterial tree of mice. This effect is quantifiable using CINE MRI. The results demonstrate that strain prior to and during dobutamine is influenced by anatomical location, sex, and age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:69-80.
David Oliver: The health secretary and upstanding nurses.

I’m worried about what our health secretary’s remarks at the chief nursing officers’ conference reveal about his understanding of the modern health service. The full text of Matt Hancock’s speech can be found on the government’s website,1 and he made some valid points about recognising the skills of our nursing workforce. Sadly, he also said: “I find it shocking that, in my grandmother’s day, nurses were expected to stand up when a doctor entered the room. And worse, I find that’s still the case in some antiquated, archaic corners of the NHS. I want it to stop. If anything, it should be doctors standing up for nurses. Because who runs a hospital at 2 am in the morning? Who keeps the show on the road?” The reaction to these remarks …
The AB-variant of GM2-gangliosidosis. Clinical, biochemical, and pathological studies of two patients.

Clinical, neuropathological, and biochemical studies are reported in two children with the aB-variant of GM2-gangliosidosis. One patient had become symptomatic by 1–1.5 years, initially showing cerebellar signs, and then progressive psychomotor retardation, with hypotonia, spasticity, dementia, and macular cherry red spots, until death at the age of 4.5 years. The second patient showed an earlier onset of retardation and a more rapidly progressive course. At postmortem, the brains were of normal or near normal weights and displayed grossly only mild cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy, and mild pallor or attenuation of the white matter. Neuronal storage was widespread throughout the CNS, and both neurons and glia contained a variety of abnormal, membranous inclusions. Visceral organs were not involved. Ganglioside sialic acid was increased several fold in gray matter, with GM2 the predominant ganglioside species. N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities in serum, leukocytes, fibroblasts, and postmortem gray matter, assayed with an artificial, fluorogenic substrate, were normal, as were activities of other lysosomal hydrolases.
A MODEL FOR OBJECT COLOR PERCEPTION IN SPATIALLY COMPLEX VISUAL FIELDS

A comprehensive spatial processor theoretical model to account for color constancy is formulated. Since the visual system is able to measure true object color in complex scenes under a broad range of spectral compositions for the illumination, it is assumed that the system must estimate the illuminant. The basic hypothesis is that the estimate of the illuminant is made on the basis of spatial information from the entire visual field. This estimate is consequently employed to arrive at the object reflectance of the various subfields in the complex visual scene. The model provides a general unified framework in terms of fundamental mathematical formalism to the related visual psychophysical phenomenology.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR FUTURE PHYSICAL THERAPY AND ERGOTHERAPY SPECIALISTS

The article reveals the essence of concept “approaches”, envisages methodological basis for shaping the readiness of future physical therapy and ergotherapy specialists to use health and fitness technologies in professional activity. It is defined that the activity, system, axiology and competence-based approaches ground shaping the high-qualified, competent specialist in health protection sector where the health andfitness technologies are the key mean for professional activity. In the framework of our research the general science basis for shaping the readiness of future physical therapy and ergotherapy bachelors to use health and fitness technologies forms system and axiology approaches. That gave the possibility to set the aim, tasks and directions for readiness process shaping, open that essence and structure. The person approach orients the pedagogical influence on a person’s professionally important skills development. The following approach also ground the theory and methods basis of our research. The activity approach directs the professional training to shaping the appropriate skills for future specialists, like organization-methodical, cognitive, communication and motofacient skills. The competence-based approach has become the basis for defining appropriate competences of future specialists’ professional self-realisation.
Reproductive Organ Signs

Knowledge of the physiology of male and female reproductive organs is critical to our understanding of perturbations in hormonal systems, which result in the physical manifestations of conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, estrogen resistance, and menopause.
Association between HIV clinic caseloads and viral load suppression in New York City.

The relationship between HIV patient caseload and a clinic’s ability to achieve viral load suppression (VLS) in their HIV patient population is not understood. The New York City Department of Healt...
Online Portfolio: An Alternative to a Research Paper as a Final Assessment

Research papers are a common end-of-semester assessment for senior-level seminars The mid-semester switch to remote learning due to COVID-19 provided an opportunity to rethink this model and offer an alternative final assessment using a multipart online portfolio that addresses the learning goals of the course and the objectives of research paper-based final assessments The smaller weekly tasks coupled with ongoing peer feedback reduced student stress and allowed for creativity and community building Students responded positively to the novel assignment
Enlightened shareholder value, stakeholderism, and the quest for managerial accountability

An oft-advanced claim by defenders of shareholder primacy is that a move toward stakeholderism would reduce corporate value, and even stakeholder value, because it would increase agency costs. By contrast, the narrow mandate to maximize shareholder value is easy to enforce and monitor, leaving management with little room to slack or self-deal. But this argument neglects that the shareholder primacy mandate has beyond past shareholder wealth maximization and toward an “enlightened” standard that incorporates long-term value and even stakeholder interests. This book chapter discusses how an evolving view of shareholder primacy complicates its best defense. Specifically, directing management to promote long-term value creation undermines shareholder monitoring and enforcement, eroding the traditional agency cost justification. But rather than portending the end of managerial accountability, the enlightened shareholder value standard has necessitated new thinking about accountability in governance. In particular, existing accountability mechanisms have been refashioned to take a broader set of interests into account, helping to ensure fidelity to an enlightened standard. These developments have also laid the foundation for a move toward a stakeholder governance model by rendering its implementation less challenging and costly than its opponents contend. Prepared for the RESEARCH HANDBOOK ON CORPORATE PURPOSE AND PERSONHOOD (Elizabeth Pollman & Robert Thompson, eds., Forthcoming 2021)
Automation, Research and Investment Policies in Firms

In our time automation, in combination with burgeoning fields such as Artificial Intelligence, has grown to be a significant factor, and with it the role of scientific and engineering knowledge in the working of firms has grown too. We present a model-based study of firms in which generation of new knowledge, and the application of accumulated knowledge are integral to business since these determine the range and scope of the firms' products, and also the efficiency of R&D and the production process. In our model the firm is organized as two functionally separate stages in series. Stage 1's activity is R&D which creates new concepts, methods and prototypes of products. Stage 2 deploys labor and capital, in the form of "machines'', in production, which transforms selected outputs of Stage 1 into marketable, profitable products. New knowledge is generated from dedicated research in Stage 1 as well as by Learning-by-Doing (LbD) in both stages. Knowledge is subject to obsolescence over time. The firm's investment policy determines the allocation of funds to each stage subject to a budget constraint, operations management controls the admission of the output of Stage 1 to Stage 2, and also the combination of labor and machines in Stage 2. We analyze the interaction of these decisions, and the dynamical evolution of the knowledge stock under two management strategies. The short-term-focused, myopic strategy takes the existing knowledge stock as given, and maximizes the immediate profit. The long-term-focused strategy takes into account the future benefits of generating new knowledge in the investment decision. We use commonly-used production functions to obtain nonlinear dynamical system models, which are analyzed. We show that for both strategies the system converges to a steady-state where the knowledge stock and investment allocation remain constant over time. In numerical studies we compare the system behavior for the two strategies, and characterize their dependencies on various factors, such as the strength of the LbD effect, return on knowledge stock, and the influence of knowledge in expanding the scope and range of the firm's products.
Review Piece: Thoughts On Reading Peter L. Berger’s Recent Memoir

Boston University sociologist Peter L. Berger recently published a memoir, under the telling title Adventures of an Accidental Sociologist (Berger, 2011). Although somewhat eclipsed now, during the 1970s and 1980s, Berger was one of the most widely read contemporary sociologists, and reading this book has often felt like reminiscing with an old friend. To be sure, I only know Berger through his books and other writings; I have never met the man personally. Yet in many ways (as any bibliophile will understand) I do feel like he is an old friend, one with whom I have had a troubled, on-again off-again relationship.
Genomic and Phenotypic Rat Strain Profiles for Disease Model Identification

The laboratory rat is a valuable model for pharmacology, toxicology and disease studies. The Rat Genome Database (RGD, http://rgd.mcw.edu) integrates sequence variants and phenotype data through PhenoMiner and Variant Visualizer, providing platforms for analyzing and identifying disease models. RGD holds variation data for more than 40 strains and has more than 50,000 phenotype records. Links between these datasets allow investigators to select optimal strains for their research. PhenoMiner integrates phenotype data by standardizing four parts of the record through ontologies (Rat Strain, Clinical Measurement, Experimental Conditions, Measurement Method). PhenoMiner's query wizard enables users to begin from any of dimensions and further filter by the other three. Variant Visualizer allows query by strains, gene lists, genomic regions, ontology terms and filter by variant criteria. Single gene visualizations show location, variant type and impact through a heatmap. The multiple gene table view contains th...
Multibaseline - A precision ground based geodetic measurement technique

The multibaseline geometric measurement system and its capabilities are described. Station inplane coordinates can always be determined to subcentimeter accuracy by use of one- or two-color geodolites as the fundamental measuring devices; for a given station constellation only one station needs to be substantially out of the plane in order to permit determination of the remaining near inplane coordinates. A realistic simulation of the Palmdale, California geodimeter network is presented, and the equivalence between a static multilateration system and the multibaseline system is established. The extension of local networks to wider monitoring grids is considered.
A young woman with a heart attack

• Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon cause of myocardial infarction.
Local Governments in the United States: An Overview of Cities and Counties

America’s local governments, while still evolving over time, trace their roots back to the English shire from centuries ago. The shire had a dual function, serving as the administrative arm of the national government as well as the citizen’s local government. The structural form of the shire was adopted along the eastern seaboard of North America by the original colonists, who adapted it to suit the diverse economic and geographic needs of each of the original colonies. When the United States national government was formed, the framers of the Constitution did not provide for local governments. Rather, they left this matter to the states. Subsequently, early state constitutions generally embraced local governments as arms of the state. Currently, the term county is used in 48 of the 50 states of the United States to describe that tier of government below the state. Louisiana has government entities similar to counties, but they are called parishes. Alaska is divided into boroughs, which typically provide fewer services than most counties, since the state provides most services directly to citizens. Units of government below the county level are often referred to generically as cities, but they are known by a host of different names that vary greatly from state to state. Common terms include towns, townships, boroughs, villages, and municipalities.
Using Rationale to Assist Student Cognitive and Intellectual Development

One of the questions posed at the National Science Foundation ­(NSF)-sponsored workshop on Creativity and Rationale in Software Design was on the role of rationale in supporting idea generation in the classroom. College students often struggle with problems where more than one possible solution exists. Part of the difficulty lies in the need for students to progress through different levels of development cognitively and intellectually before they can tackle creative problem solving. Argumentation-based rationale provides a natural mechanism for representing problems, candidate solutions, criteria, and arguments relating those criteria to the candidate solutions. Explicitly expressing rationale for their work encourages students to reflect on why they made their choices, and to actively consider multiple alternatives. We report on an experiment performed during a Data Structures course where students captured rationale.
Supporting heterogeneity and congestion control in peer-to-peer multicast streaming

We consider the problem of supporting bandwidth heterogeneity and congestion control in the context of P2P multicast streaming. We identify several challenges peculiar to the P2P setting including robustness concerns arising from peer unreliability and the ambiguity of packet loss as an indicator of congestion. We propose a hybrid parent- and child-driven bandwidth adaptation protocol that is designed in conjunction with a framework for robustness and that exploits application-level knowledge.
Should interferon gamma release assays become the standard method for screening patients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections in the United States

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently published updated guidelines for the use of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This document gives a balanced analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of IGRAs. To date, these assays have not been widely adopted in the United States by clinical laboratories. We have asked two experts, Thomas Alexander of Summa Health Care, who has adopted an IGRA for M. tuberculosis detection in his laboratory, and Melissa Miller of UNC Hospitals, who has evaluated one but has not chosen to adopt it, to explain how each reached this decision based on their experience with the test and the data that have been published concerning IGRA.
Developing an integrated violence prevention for men and women in treatment for substance use disorders

Rates of past-year partner and non-partner violence perpetration (VP) in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment samples exceed 50%, with studies showing rates of past-year VP exceeding 70% when considering violence occurring with either intimate partners or non-partners. However, SUD treatment programs typically do not include VP prevention interventions, and the few studies examining the impact of SUD interventions on VP have focused exclusively on partner VP. This study summarizes results of a randomized controlled pilot study of an Integrated Violence Prevention Treatment (IVPT) designed to address VP across partner and non-partner relationships as well as predictors of post-treatment VP. Participants were men (70%) and women (30%) in SUD treatment reporting past-year VP who were randomized to either IVPT or a control condition. The IVPT involved a Motivational Interviewing session targeting interpersonal conflicts, followed by five cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions focusing on VP prevention skills. The control condition included a session including a videotape and discussion of anger management, followed by five psycho-educational sessions common for SUD settings. Results showed that VP (total, partner, and non-partner) and cocaine use significantly decreased between baseline and 3-month follow-up for both conditions, and the IVPT group showed a significant decline in alcohol use. Analyses focusing on VP during follow-up revealed that baseline cocaine use and drinking during the follow-up predicted post-treatment VP. Together, these findings suggest that IVPT is a promising intervention (feasible, appears to impact drinking, an important factor related to violence) but that additional continuing care approaches may be indicated to sustain positive outcomes.
Objectivity and the language of science

Die Arbeit betrachtet die verschiedenen Ansichten, die uber wissenschaftliche Objektivitat bestehen: Etwa als Charakteristik einer gesamtwissenschaftlichen Praxis, als Gesamtfortschritt, der durch die Struktur der Institution bestimmt ist, oder als etwas, was auf subjektivem Glauben, subjektivem Verfahren und kollektiven Meinungen begrundet ist. Sie betrachtet die Objektivitat der Wissenschaft auch in bezug auf den Sinn wissenschaftlicher Behauptungen und bezuglich des allgemeinen erkenntnistheoretischen Hintergrundes. Mit Blick auf einige neuere Thesen innerhalb der Quantenphysik und in der Sprache der Quantenphysik versucht die Arbeit herauszustellen, das die Praxis der tatsachlichen Wissenschaft uber historische und logisch-methodologische Rechenschaftsablegung hinausgeht, um ihre Glaubwurdigkeit in einer kontinuierlich sich erweiternden Erfahrung unter Beweis zu stellen. Wissenschaft als ein systematisches offentliches Unternehmen, dessen Zweck es ist, Behauptungen uber die Natur zu formulieren, erreicht dies durch einen Bedeutungswandel von Objektivitat und indem sie neue „Sprachen“ ubernimmt, die durch solchen Wandel erfordert werden.
Lung macrophage uptake of unopsonized environmental particulates. Role of scavenger-type receptors

The receptors responsible for avid alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis of unopsonized environmental particulates have not been well defined. This study used flow cytometry to quantitate the effects of a panel of soluble ligands for macrophage adhesion receptors on AM binding of unopsonized environmental dusts (titanium dioxide, TiO2; iron oxide, Fe2O3; alpha-quartz, SiO2; diesel engine exhaust dust) or fluorescent latex beads. Polyanionic ligands of the macrophage scavenger receptor (SR) for acetylated-LDL caused marked inhibition of AM binding of the oxide particles and latex beads (e.g., TiO2 binding; polyinosinic acid (polyl), 10 micrograms/ml: 70.2 +/- 1.5% inhibition, mean +/- SE, n = 11). In contrast, no inhibition was seen with the polyanions heparin and chondroitin sulfate (chond-S), or dextran, consistent with the known inhibitor profile of macrophage SRs for acetylated-LDL AM uptake of latex or SiO2 beads instilled into lungs of hamsters was inhibited by administration of polyl but not chondroitin sulfate (AM beads per cell: control, 6.1 +/- 0.7; polyl, 3.5 +/- 0.2; chond-S, 5.1 +/- 0.7, n > or = 4, p < 0.05 for control vs polyl) indicating macrophages SRs operate in vivo as well as in vitro. In contrast, AM binding of the carbonaceous diesel dust particles was not inhibited by any ligand tested. AM uptake of unopsonized TiO2, SR ligands or acetylated LDL caused no significant activation of AM respiratory burst or TNF production, consistent with past observations that opsonin-independent phagocytosis of inert particles by normal AMs is not accompanied by pro-inflammatory activation. These data implicate macrophage-type SRs in AM binding of charged environmental particles and indicate that distinct mechanisms mediate binding of carbonaceous dusts.
Delayed presentation of aortic injury by pedicle screws: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Objectives Perforation of the aorta by pedicle screws is a rare but serious complication of spine fixation surgery. This article reviews the clinical presentation and management of this complication. Methods Presented are two cases of thoracic aorta perforation by a pedicle screw and a review of the appropriate literature performed using a MEDLINE search. Results Literature review identified eight additional patients. In most cases, aortic perforation was recognized and managed within 18 months of the spine surgery. Clinical presentation included acute bleeding, necessitating urgent exploration in two patients, and pseudoaneurysm formation in five cases, two of which were infected. Depending on the extent of aortic damage and the presence or absence of infection, management ranged from endovascular grafting, to screw burring with closure of the perforation site, to aortic reconstruction with a tube graft and complete orthopedic hardware removal. Outcome was favorable in all patients who were operated on. Conclusions The small number of reported cases indicates either the rarity of this complication or unawareness of its existence. The true incidence of this complication is probably under-reported. Orthopedic and vascular surgeons should be aware of this potentially fatal problem. Prevention remains the best treatment. Once encountered, a variety of techniques are available to manage this complication with reasonable outcome.
Survey of Applications for Ocean Color and Imagery from EOS MODIS and Early Results from NPP-VIIRS

Small satellites played a key role at the dawn of the Space Age. It could very well be the case that their progeny will pave the way for satellites of Generation-after-Next where they are produced as mass produced commodities.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanotube-Polymer Composites for Use as Thermal Interface Material

Thermal management in microelectronics is an important issue due to the projected increase in power dissipation in the electronic devices over the next 5–10 years. We seek a solution to this problem by exploring carbon nanotube-polymer matrix composites for use as thermal interface materials because of the reported high thermal conductivity and other remarkable thermal and mechanical properties of nanotubes. As an intermediate step to finding the composites’ conductivity, it is important to validate the use carbon nanotubes by calculating its diffusivity and conductivity first. This would facilitate later the estimating of important design parameters for thermal interface materials such as thermal diffusivity and conductivity. As polymer molecules are on the same size scale as nanotubes and the interaction at the polymer/nanotube interface is highly dependent on the molecular structure and bonding, Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation is used to estimate the nano-scale properties. In this paper, until cell model consisting of a carbon nanotube was used and the diffusivity was measured. These findings would have implications in improving the thermal management efficiency and consequently improve the performance and reliability of future microelectronic devices.© 2003 ASME
Introspection and phenomenological method

It is argued that the work of Husserl offers a model for self-knowledge that avoids the disadvantages of standard introspectionist accounts and of a Sellarsian view of the relation between our perceptual judgements and derived judgements about “appearances.” Self-knowledge is based on externally directed knowledge of the world that is then subjected to a cognitive transformation analogous to the move from a statement to the activity of stating. Appearance talk is (contra Sellars) not an epistemically non-committal form of speech, but talk to which we are fully committed. However, it is a commitment to a certain kind of claim about our experiences, viewed as cognitive phenomena, after a process of transformation. Such reductive and hypostatizing transformations can exhibit the intentional structure of consciousness. Phenomenology thus gives a form of knowledge about our mental states that is first personal but not introspective knowledge in any philosophically problematic sense. The account offered is also, in key respects, dissimilar to Sellars's “outer directed” view of the origin of self-knowledge.
Unregenerate Doings: Selflessness and Selfishness in New Divinity Theology

ELIJAH PARISH WAS PLAYING POLONIUS. THE CONGREGATIONAL MINISTER OF Byfield, Massachusetts, admonished his son to consider the "vast importance" of sound preaching when he chose his place of residence. For his part, the elder Parish solemnly declared, he "would rather sit under the most ordinary preacher, than attend a minister of wrong principles, possessing the most profound genius and the most powerful eloquence."' His fatherly advice seems unobjectionable enough. Yet Reverend Parish was a Hopkinsian, a proponent of the theological system set forth by Samuel Hopkins, the disciple of Jonathan Edwards. The Hopkinsian (or New Divinity) theologians, who flourished in New England during the second half of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, were infamous for their belief that sinners could perform no acceptable duty, not even in such actions as praying or Bible reading. Why then should Parish concern himself about the quality of the preaching that people heard, when he and his fellow New Divinity ministers claimed that the unconverted did nothing but sin when they heard it? To their critics, the Hopkinsians' proposition seemed to encourage sinners to "neglect or abuse ... the prescribed means of grace."2 To Ezra Stiles, the "uncouth, venemous & blasphemous" idea implied that an "Unconverted Man had better be killing his father & mother than praying for convertlinig
Computer control of electron spin resonance spectroscopy

Abstract A laboratory computer interface with an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer is reported, which permits operator control of the magnetic field through the computer. Two programs are described. In the first, the field is stepped and checked for stability at preset increments before data from a signal channel and a reference channel are collected. Any number of increments can be accumulated, and the signal channel can also be recorded as a function of time. The second program uses a continuous sweep to collect data. Sweep rates up to 10 kG/min have been used with no auxiliary coils. The data acquisition program is started by a signal from the reference channel, and the reference absorptions are counted on the return sweep to insure reproducible starting fields. Signals from the reference or from the sample channels can be recorded during a sweep. Both programs are sufficiently open so that other peripheral functions can be executed.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF DISTOICHOMETRA BUFONIS (CESTODA: NEMATOTAENIIDAE) IN BUFO WOODHOUSII

Prevalence, density, and variance/mean (=variance/density) ratios are reported for the cestode Distoichometra bufonis in 28 samples of the amphibian host, Bufo woodhousii, taken over a 3-yr period at 2 study sites on the South Platte River in Keith County, Nebraska, U.S.A. In addition, changes in host demography resulting from entry of newly metamorphosed toads into the terrestrial population are given. Prevalence and density (average number of worms per host, infected + noninfected) did not vary significantly either within or between sites and years unless newly metamorphosed toads were included in the analysis. Prevalence ranged from 70 to 100%, and density from 2.7 to 14.8 worms per host, excluding samples containing newly meta- morphosed toads. The bulk of metamorphosis occurred in late June or early July, and by August both prevalence and density had returned to their premetamorphosis values. The host/parasite system is interpreted as one in which disruption of the host population's demographic makeup only temporarily perturbs parasite population structure. The Rocky Mountain toad, Bufo woodhousii Girard, 1854, occurs throughout most of Ne- braska. Casual observations from 1976 to 1983 suggested that the toad had a relatively short breeding season in western Nebraska (late May and June), that breeding took place in ephemeral ponds on a schedule that produced a rather syn- chronous influx of newly metamorphosed indi- viduals into the terrestrial population, usually in early July, and that prevalence of the nemato- taeniid cestode, Distoichometra bufonis Dickey, 1921, was quite high. The studies reported here were done in an attempt to describe some of the population level interactions between the toads and these cestodes.
Rhythmic crystallization of poly-L-alanine.

IN a recent morphological study of poly-L-alanine spherulites1, ring and spiral structures observed under the polarizing microscope were ascribed to thickness variations. These spherulites were cast on a watchglass from 1 : 1 v/v mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoro-ethanol, using concentrations from ∼0.1 to ∼2.0 weight per cent, evaporation rates varying between 0.13 and 0.042 ml./h (but usually 0.083 ml./h) and a casting temperature of 25° ± 2° C. The relative humidity in the vapour space above the crystallizing solution was varied from dry to saturated for the given conditions without apparent effect on the quality of the spherulites.
A Single Amino Acid Change in Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor 4G Renders Cap-Dependent Translation Resistant to Picornaviral 2A Proteases†

Infection of cells with picornaviruses of the rhino-, aphtho-, and enterovirus groups causes a shut-off in cap-dependent translation of cellular mRNAs but permits cap-independent viral RNA translation to proceed. This shut-off is thought to be mediated in part by the proteolytic cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), although there is evidence to the contrary. Cleavage of eIF4G results in the separation of the eIF4E-binding domain from the ribosome- and helicase-binding domains of the factor, thereby limiting the ability of eIF4G to function in cap-dependent recruitment of mRNAs. Previously we determined the cleavage site within eIF4G targeted by the 2A proteases from human coxsackievirus serotype B4 and human rhinovirus serotype 2 using highly purified eIF4F and recombinant proteases. To examine further the role proteolysis of eIF4G plays in shut-off of translation, we altered the 2A cleavage site in human eIF4G by site-directed mutagenesis. Strikingly, the replacement of one amino acid at ...
Acute anterior myocardial infarction followed by acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction: the case of the necrotic QRS counterpoise

A case of a 55-year-old man who suffered an acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) followed by an acute inferoposterior MI 1 month later, which led to his demise from cardiogenic shock, is presented. The electrocardiogram after his second MI resulted in profound decrease in the amplitude of the QRS complexes and cancellation of the features of the previous anterior MI (necrotic QRS counterpoise). The implications of these electrocardiogram alterations, particularly when using this modality in QRS scoring systems for estimation of infarct size or left ventricular function, are discussed.
Why Do Stars Form In Clusters? An Analytic Model for Stellar Correlation Functions

Recently, we have shown that if the ISM is governed by super-sonic turbulent flows, the excursion-set formalism can be used to calculate the statistics of self-gravitating objects over a wide range of scales. On the largest self-gravitating scales ('first crossing'), these correspond to GMCs, and on the smallest non-fragmenting self-gravitating scales ('last crossing'), to protostellar cores. Here, we extend this formalism to rigorously calculate the auto and cross-correlation functions of cores (and by extension, young stars) as a function of spatial separation and mass, in analogy to the cosmological calculation of halo clustering. We show that this generically predicts that star formation is very strongly clustered on small scales: stars form in clusters, themselves inside GMCs. Outside the binary-star regime, the projected correlation function declines as a weak power-law, until a characteristic scale which corresponds to the characteristic mass scale of GMCs. On much larger scales the clustering declines such that star formation is not strongly biased on galactic scales, relative to the actual dense gas distribution. The precise correlation function shape depends on properties of the turbulent spectrum, but its qualitative behavior is quite general. The predictions agree well with observations of young star and core autocorrelation functions over ~4 dex in radius. Clustered star formation is a generic consequence of supersonic turbulence if most of the power in the velocity field, hence the contribution to density fluctuations, comes from large scales. The distribution of self-gravitating masses near the sonic length is then imprinted by fluctuations on larger scales. We similarly show that the fraction of stars formed in 'isolated' modes should be small (\lesssim10%).
Customers and controls

The aerospace and automotive industries are compared, highlighting similarities. Trends in automotive control systems are examined, and the key control systems problems facing the auto industry are discussed. Customer aspects of computer control are addressed. >
Analysis of Convergence Boundaries Observed during IHOP_2002

Abstract An analysis of six convergence boundaries observed during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) is presented. The detailed kinematic and thermodynamic structure of these boundaries was examined using data collected by an airborne Doppler radar and a series of dropsondes released by a jet flying at ∼500 mb. The former and latter platforms were able to resolve the meso-γ- and meso-β-scale circulations, respectively. Convection initiated on three of the days while no storms developed in the regions targeted by the mobile platforms on the other days (referred to as null cases). The airborne radar resolved the finescale structure of four drylines, a cold front, and an outflow boundary on the six days. Horizontal profiles through radar-detected thin lines revealed “bell-shaped distributions” and there appeared to be a seasonal dependence of the peak values of radar reflectivity. The echo profiles through the fine line in May were, in general, greater than those plotted for the June cases. There was...
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME RESPIRATORY INHIBITORS AND INTERMEDIATES ON RESPIRATION AND SALT ACCUMULATION OF EXCISED BARLEY ROOTS

THE ACCUMULATION of salts by barley roots is dependent on a concomitant aerobic respiration. This has been demonstrated by the use of reduced oxygen concentrations (Hoagland and Broyer, 1936). A logical next step, as suggested by Hoagland and Broyer (1942), is an attempt to analyze the nature of the linkage between salt accumulation and respiration through the use of respiratory inhibitors. This report consists of a preliminary survey of the effects of the oxidase inhibitors, cyanide and azide, and of the dehydrogenase inhibitors, iodoacetate and malonate, on the respiration and the accumulation of the bromide ion by excised barley roots. When the latter two reagents were found to be strong inhibitors of both processes concerned, the problem was extended to include the effects of malic, succinic, fumaric, and citric acids, since these compounds are considered to be both intermediates and catalysts in a cycle whereby pyruvate is oxidized (Elliott, 1941; Evans, 1941; Barron, 1943; Krebs, 1943; and references listed). The experimental data are preceded by a detailed discussion of the method of growth and preparation of barley roots as well as those characteristics of the roots which have a bearing on subsequent experiments. GROWTH AND PREPARATION OF THE BARLEY ROOTS FOR STUDY BY MICROSPIROMETER METHODS.-Growing the plants.-Prevot and Steward (1936) and Ulrich ( 1941 ) demonstrated that under certain conditions barley produces long, unbranched roots with a high capacity for absorbing and accumulating salts. By combining and modifying their methods, unbranched roots, 12-15 cm. long, relatively free of root hairs, and of a uniform diameter slightly under 0.5 mm. were grown in five days. The grain used was the "Sacramento" strain of barley from the 1939 crop grown at Davis, California. Approximately twice as many grains as plants to be needed are soaked for twenty-four hours in a cheesecloth sack suspended in well-aerated distilled water inside a thoroughly darkened, circulating air type incubator at 240 ? 0.050C. The air, before passing through the water, is brought to the proper temperature by passing it through a series of copper coils within the incubator. After washing the soaked grains with distilled water, twenty of those with