cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the nature of the UX Ursa Majoris-type nova-like variables - CPD-48 deg 1577

A series of low-dispersion spectra and one high-dispersion spectrum have been obtained of the catacylsmic variable CPD-48 deg 1577. Like other UX UMa stars, this variable exhibits the flat continuum of a luminous, thick, steady state accretion disk dominating its light from the far UV to the infrared. A wind mass loss rate of less than about 10 to the -9th solar mass/yr and an accretion rate of roughly 5 x 10 to the -9th solar mass/yr is roughly consistent with the range which characterizes other UX UMa stars. An SWP echelle spectrum reveals detailed line profile information on the N V, Si IV, and C IV resonance lines. He II 1640 A is remarkably weak and even absent in two of the spectra. The known properties and evolutionary status of CPD-48 deg 1577 and the other UX UMa stars are summarized.
Moderators and mediators of two brief interventions for alcohol in the emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate moderators and mediators of brief alcohol interventions conducted in the emergency department. METHODS: Patients (18-24 years; n = 172) in an emergency department received a motivational interview with personalized feedback (MI) or feedback only (FO), with 1- and 3-month booster sessions and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Gender, alcohol status/severity group ALC+ only, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT+) only, ALC+/AUDIT+., attribution of alcohol in the medical event, aversiveness of the event, perceived seriousness of the event and baseline readiness to change alcohol use were evaluated as moderators of intervention efficacy. Readiness to change also was evaluated as a mediator of intervention efficacy, as were perceived risks/benefits of alcohol use, self-efficacy and alcohol treatment seeking. RESULTS: Alcohol status, attribution and readiness moderated intervention effects such that patients who had not been drinking prior to their medical event, those who had low or medium attribution for alcohol in the event and those who had low or medium readiness to change showed lower alcohol use 12 months after receiving MI compared to FO. In the AUDIT+ only group those who received MI showed lower rates of alcohol-related injury at follow-up than those who received FO. Patients who had been drinking prior to their precipitating event did not show different outcomes in the two interventions, regardless of AUDIT status. Gender did not moderate intervention efficacy and no significant mediation was found. CONCLUSIONS: Findings may help practitioners target patients for whom brief interventions will be most effective. More research is needed to understand how brief interventions transmit their effects. Language: en
Introduction of stable high-copy-number DNA into Chinese hamster ovary cells by electroporation.

ABSTRACT A new gene transfer protocol has been developed that introduces up to 800 copies of an expression vector into Chinese hamster ovary cells in a single step by electroporation. The DNA typically integrates in tandem repeats so that the restriction endonuclease site used to linearize the input DNA remains intact. This is likely due to ligation of vector DNA via cohesive ends prior to integration. This high-copy-number procedure is far more rapid than the conventional stepwise gene amplification method used to generate stable eukaryotic protein production cell lines. By employing the expression vector pJODtPA, in which the selectable marker dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and the human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) casettes are separated by a spacer and an RNA polymerase II terminator, cell lines secreting as much as 24 pg/cell • day tPA were isolated following electroporation and a single methotrexate selection. Gene copies and expression levels are stable over long periods of growth. A single r...
Acute Aortic Regurgitation Secondary to Aortic Dissection: Surgical Management Without Valve Replacement

Abstract Emergency operations were performed in 7 adult patients for severe aortic insufficiency caused by acute aortic dissection. Dissection beginning in the aortic root involved the entire thoracoabdominal aorta in at least 3 patients. The operative findings consisted of an arch of relatively normal caliber, supravalvular intimal tear, circumferential dissection, and prolapse of the aortic cusps into the left ventricle. Repair of the proximal dissected layers and elevation of the cusps to their normal position restored valve competence in every patient. Six survivors have retained normal aortic valve function four months to six years postoperatively. The review emphasizes the feasibility of restoring aortic valve competence without using a valve substitute in treating aortic insufficiency caused by acute aortic dissection.
The Use of Human Liver for Foreign Compound Metabolism and Toxicity Studies

(1989). The Use of Human Liver for Foreign Compound Metabolism and Toxicity Studies. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 20, No. 2-4, pp. 379-394.
Helping Hands: Caring for the Upper Extremity Transplant Patient

Caring for upper extremity transplant recipients can offer challenges and opportunities to nursing staff in combining new patient procedures, new technologies, and complex patient care needs including unique physical care, monitoring and observation, rehabilitation expectations, and psychiatric/psychosocial support. Medical professionals continue to be apprehensive about the risks of immunosuppressive therapy and the possibility of acute and chronic rejection. The sustained development and research into reliable, reduced-dose immunosuppression or immunomodulatory strategies could expand the life-enhancing benefits of reconstructive transplantation.
Hilbert's Programs: 1917-1922

Hilbert's finitist program was not created at the beginning of the twenties solely to counteract Brouwer's intuitionism, but rather emerged out of broad philosophical reflections on the foundations of mathematics and out of detailed logical work; that is evident from notes of lecture courses that were given by Hilbert and prepared in collaboration with Bernays during the period from 1917 to 1922. These notes reveal a dialectic progression from a critical logicism through a radical constructivism toward finitism; the progression has to be seen against the background of the stunning presentation of mathematical logic in the lectures given during the winter term 1917/18. In this paper, I sketch the connection of Hilbert's considerations to issues in the foundations of mathematics during the second half of the 19th century, describe the work that laid the basis of modern mathematical logic, and analyze the first steps in the new subject of proof theory. A revision of the standard view of Hilbert's and Bernays's contributions to the foundational discussion in our century has long been overdue. It is almost scandalous that their carefully worked out notes have not been used yet to understand more accurately the evolution of modern logic in general and of Hilbert's Program in particular. One conclusion will be obvious: the dogmatic formalist Hilbert is a figment of historical (de)construction! Indeed, the study and analysis of these lectures reveal a depth of mathematical-logical achievement and of philosophical reflection that is remarkable. In the course of my presentation many questions are raised and many more can be explored; thus, I hope this paper will stimulate interest for new historical and systematic work.
Proactively Addressing Plagiarism and Other Academic Honesty Issues with Second-Language Writers

In response to difficulties in dealing with plagiarism and academic honesty, faculty and staff in a university-based American intensive English program (IEP) took specific measures to help international students understand these issues. The host institution’s policy on academic honesty, which was too difficult and nuanced for second language writers to understand, was replaced with a new policy written in simple language, making concepts and penalties easier to understand. Program-wide measures were implemented in stages to build summarizing and paraphrasing skills for students at all proficiency levels and to support their development as academic writers, and changes were made to the curriculum, incorporating writing from sources at an earlier stage, in scaffolded assignments. Teaching emphasis was shifted from after-the-fact punishment of plagiarism to proactively teaching about concepts of academic honesty and writing from sources. To assist with this, plagiarism detection services were repurposed and used as teaching tools for students instead of policing tools for instructors.
THE LAGGED IMPACT OF STATE AND LOCAL TAXES ON ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

Politicians are frequently characterized as making fiscal decisions based on a shorter time horizon than is required for full taxpayer adjustment, thus generating near term benefits and relatively high tax rates. This argument requires a negative impact of taxes on economic activity distributed over a relatively long time period. Considerable empirical evidence suggests that state and local taxes do not significantly impact the geographic distribution of economic activity; this analysis, however, finds a significant negative distributed lag impact of such taxes on capital formation. The approach emphasizes interstate tax competition in formulating the cross-section time-series estimating equation.
Principles and design of multibeam interference devices: a microelectromechanical-systems segment-deformable-mirror-based adaptive spectrum attenuator

Fourier analysis of multibeam interference shows that the total electric field and relative time delay of the beams form a Fourier-transform pair. Fourier-analysis-based multibeam interference analysis and device design is discussed in detail. The principle of the proposed segment-deformable-mirror-based adaptive spectrum attenuator is illustrated.
Primary Creep : Secondary Gamma Prime and the Rhenium Effect

Creep at low temperatures and high stresses in some second-generation nickel-based superalloys can result in large primary creep strains exceeding 5% in fewer than 5 hours. Several possibilities have been given for the appearance of large primary creep strains including the presence of secondary γ′ and the addition of rhenium to these alloys. In light of the recent surge in cost of rhenium, this article explores secondary γ′ and the rhenium effect in the first-and second-generation alloys PWA 1480 and PWA 1484, respectively. In addition, it will be shown that selecting higher aging temperatures can aid in the reduction of primary creep strains in PWA 1484.
CDD: computational discovery desktop

Computational Discovery Desktop (CDD) is an application-independent middleware that aids researchers in the daily interaction with distributed HPC resources. It provides computational project management at personal, research group, and inter-institutional collaboration levels. The CDD framework seamlessly integrates typical operations, including multi-user access to the project data, application deployment, input preparation, job scheduling, state gathering, data archival, etc. into the daily work of the researcher by offering a common interface to the frequently performed tasks. The implemented scheduling options support an extensive logic for job dependencies and submitting and cancelling a job at specific time and condition. The job state monitor ascertains the job progress and includes the ability to terminate the job if a predefined condition is met, e.g. the job is too slow due to system issues. The interface can easily be expanded to include additional operations. The users are free to choose the desired level of integration of their day-to-day operations into the CDD framework based on their individual habits and experience of interaction with HPC resources. CDD relies on a relational MySQL database back-end. It uses cron utility to perform the scheduled off-line tasks and to create periodic reports about job and project states. CDD uses XML format to manage the input files and to store the post-processed metadata. It comes with an extensive set of command-line tools for interaction with the user, which are written in Perl to simplify modification and to avoid compilation. CDD employs Globus Toolkit to conduct the certificate-based authentication and data transfer. Currently configured applications include NAMD, Amber, GROMACS, LAMMPS, and NWChem. The applications were tested on NCSA Blue Waters and TACC Stampede.
Rat ceruloplasmin: Resistance to proteolysis and kinetic comparison with human ceruloplasmin

Rat ceruloplasmin was purified from serum using fast protein liquid chromatography and compared to human ceruloplasmin isolated in the same manner. Rat ceruloplasmin was found to be more resistant to plasmin-mediated proteolysis than was human ceruloplasmin. Although both proteins were cleaved initially to products with apparent molecular weights of 116,000 and 20,000 Da, rat ceruloplasmin was resistant to further proteolysis, whereas the human enzyme was cleaved to smaller fragments. Primary structure differences could account for the different relative stabilities between the two enzymes. Kinetic analysis of rat ceruloplasmin produced a biphasic v vs v/s plot with apparent Km's of 40 and 1.5 microM for iron. When compared with the human enzyme, rat ceruloplasmin showed about one-fourth the ferroxidase activity and had a much broader pH profile than that of human ceruloplasmin. Rates of p-phenylenediamine oxidation by rat ceruloplasmin were about one-half those obtained with human ceruloplasmin, with maximal p-phenylenediamine oxidase activity at pH 5.0 for both enzymes.
Bulge Formation of a Buoyant River Outflow

[1] Observations taken during the Lagrangian Transport and Transformation Experiment (LaTTE) in 2005 indicated that the Hudson's river outflow formed a bulge of recirculating fluid that limits the volume of fresh water that is advected away in a coastal current. Focusing on an event that began with downwelling winds we made estimates of the fresh-water flux in the coastal current and the fresh water inventory of the bulge. The coastal current was characterized by a surface advected plume in thermal wind balance. However, the freshwater transport in the coastal current was less than 1/2 of the total freshwater outflow. The bulge extended 30 km from the coast and 40 km in the along-shore direction and was evident in ocean color imagery. Recirculation in the bulge region was also apparent in daily averaged surface current radar data, but this flow pattern was obscured in the hourly data by tidal and wind-forcing even in the diurnal band. Nevertheless, many aspects of the Hudson's outflow are consistent with recent laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of buoyant discharges. The growing bulge transports the river's outflow to the head of the Hudson shelf valley where it crosses the 50 m isobath. Previous work in this region indicates that frontal features reside along this isobath. We observed fresh water being transported along this isobath and is suggestive of a rapid cross-shelf transport pathway for fresh water. Both the bulge formation and cross-shelf transport have significant biogeochemical implications.
Design and optimization of the videoweb wireless camera network

Sensor networks have been a very active area of research in recent years. However, most of the sensors used in the development of these networks have been local and nonimaging sensors such as acoustics, seismic, vibration, temperature, humidity. The emerging development of video sensor networks poses its own set of unique challenges, including high-bandwidth and low latency requirements for real-time processing and control. This paper presents a systematic approach by detailing the design, implementation, and evaluation of a large-scale wireless camera network, suitable for a variety of practical real-time applications. We take into consideration issues related to hardware, software, control, architecture, network connectivity, performance evaluation, and data-processing strategies for the network. We also perform multiobjective optimization on settings such as video resolution and compression quality to provide insight into the performance trade-offs when configuring such a network and present lessons learned in the building and daily usage of the network.
Interfacial behavior and film patterning of redox-active cationic copper(II)-containing surfactants.

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of single-tail amphiphiles L PyCn (Py=pyridine, C n =C 18 , C 16 , C 14 , C 10 ) and their copper(II)-containing complexes, which are of relevance for patterned films. The N-(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)alkyl-1-amine ligands and their complexes [CU II Cl 2 (L PyYC18 )] (1), [Cu II Cl 2 (L PyC 16)] (2), [Cu II Cl 2 (L PyC14 )] (3), [Cu II Br 2 (L PyC18 )] (4), [CU II Br 2 -( L PyC16 )] (5), and [Cu II Br 2 (L pyC10 )] (6) were synthesized, isolated, and characterized by means of mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Complexes 1, 2, 3, and 6 had their molecular structure solved by X-ray diffraction methods, which showed that the local geometry around the metal center is distorted square planar. With the aim of using these species as precursors for redox-responsive films, an assessment of their electrochemical properties involved cyclic voltammetry in different solvents, with different supporting electrolytes and scan rates. Density functional theory calculations of relevant species in bulk and at interfaces were used to evaluate their electronic structure and dipole moments. The morphology and order of the resulting films at the air/water interface were studied by isothermal compression and Brewster angle microscopy. Biphasic patterned Langmuir films were observed for all complexes except 3 and 6, and dependence on the chain length and the nature of the halogen coligand determine the characteristics of the isotherms and their intricate topology. Complexes 3 and 6, which have shorter chain lengths, failed to exhibit organization. These results exemplify the first comprehensive study of the behavior of single-tail metallosurfactants, which are likely to lead to high-end technological applications based on their patterned films.
Evidence for electron-electron interaction in projectile K-shell ionization.

Cross sections for projectile {ital K}-shell ionization were measured for 0.75--3.5-MeV/{ital N} C{sup 5+} and O{sup 7+} projectiles in collisions with H{sub 2} and He targets. The experimental results agree with plane-wave Born-approximation calculations which take into account the interaction between projectile and target electrons. We demonstrate that for energies where the target electrons have sufficient kinetic energy in the projectile frame to ionize the projectile electron, the electron-electron interaction can lead to a significant increase in the total ionization cross section.
Thermal and flow properties of oils from salmon heads

Thermal and flow properties of unrefined oils from the heads of red or pink salmon were evaluated. Major thermal degradation of the salmon oils occurred between 200 and 450°C. Red and pink salmon oils were completely decomposed at 533 and 668°C, respectively. The phase transition of salmon oils occurred over a wide range of temperatures. The melting points of −69.6 to −0.36°C and −64.7 to 20.8°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. The enthalpy was 40 j/g for red salmon oil and 39 j/g for pink salmon oil. Specific heat capacity ranges of 0.8 to 1.6 and 1.3 to 2.3 j/g/°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. Both salmon oils exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. Red salmon oil required higher magnitudes of energy (kj·mol−1) to flow than pink salmon oil. The viscosity of salmon oils was temperature-dependent and could be predicted by the Arrhenius equation.
Effect of growth hormone on plasma triglycerides in man.

SummaryTwelve hours after the intramuscular administration of a single 10 mg dose of human growth hormone (HGH), fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for levels of triglycerides and cholesterol. Growth hormone was found to raise fasting plasma triglycerides significantly in a group of 6 middle-aged and elderly diabetic subjects but not in 10 nondiabetic midde-aged and elderly controls. Smaller and less consistent increases were also observed in a group of 6 normal young men and in 6 young women who were taking contraceptive pills at the time. In no group was there any significant change in plasma cholesterol level 12 hr following growth hormone administration.
Stage II uterine papillary serous carcinoma: Carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy improves recurrence and survival outcomes.

Abstract Objectives To determine recurrence patterns and survival outcomes of stage II uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) patients treated by various modalities with an emphasis on carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy (CT)+/−radiotherapy (RT). Methods A retrospective, multi-institution study of women with stage II UPSC diagnosed from 1992 to 2006 was performed. All patients underwent comprehensive surgical staging. Treatment included observation (OBS), RT (vaginal brachytherapy, whole pelvic and/or whole abdominal therapy), or ≥3 cycles carboplatin/paclitaxel alone or with RT. Recurrence and survival outcomes were determined. Results We identified 55 subjects: 10 treated with OBS, 26 with RT alone and 19 with CT+/−RT. After a median follow-up of 33 mos (range, 10–119), 20 recurrences (36%) were observed. There was an overall difference in recurrence based upon treatment ( p =.013). Specifically, all CT+/−RT treated patients had a lower risk of recurrence (11%) compared to patients treated by RT alone (50%) or OBS (50%). No patients treated with both CT+RT ( n =12) experienced a recurrence. Treatment with CT was also associated with a decreased risk of recurrence on multivariate analysis ( p =.015). Most recurrences were extra-pelvic (70%), occurred within 2 years (85%) and were not salvageable (84%). Five-year progression-free survival was 86% in chemotherapy-treated patients versus 41% in those not receiving chemotherapy ( p =.010); overall survival was 88% in chemotherapy-treated patients versus 64% in those not receiving chemotherapy ( p =.115). Conclusions Stage II UPSC patients have a significant risk for unsalvageable, extra-pelvic recurrence. However, treatment with platinum/taxane therapy+/−RT appears to reduce this risk and is associated with improved progression free survival outcomes.
What you need to know about pre-merger tax planning

Don't get so involved with the new financial reporting rules for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that you ignore tax planning, warn the authors. In fact, they urge you to get an IRS letter ruling before finalizing any merger. And the authors also tell you what you need to know about tax treatment for the four major categories of business combinations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of Short Term Morphine Infusion on Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) and Hemodynamics

Effect of Short Term Morphine Infusion on Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) and Hemodynamics
Transendothelial transport (transcytosis) of iron—transferrin complex in the bone marrow

To determine the transport pathway of iron-transferrin complex (Fe-TF) across the marrow-blood barrier, we labeled Fe-TF with colloidal gold and perfused rat femoral marrow with this probe. At 4 degrees C, the probe bound to the luminal surface of marrow sinus endothelium. The binding was inhibitable in the presence of excess native Fe-TF indicating the specificity of the binding. At 37 degrees C, the probe was internalized largely via a system of coated pits and vesicles and transported across the endothelium via a system of tubules and endosomal vesicles. It could not be ascertained if all Fe-TF was still associated with the colloidal gold probe within the endothelium, but the probe appeared to be externalized on the abluminal side into the interstitium where it subsequently bound to the surface of marrow erythroblasts and was internalized. Endothelium appeared to store part of the probe within a large vesicular system. No transport of Fe-TF was noted through diaphragmed fenestrations, diaphragmed vesicles, or interendothelial junctions. No endothelial uptake of this magnitude was noted when native gold particles or gold-labeled bovine serum albumin was used. Our findings indicate that in the bone marrow, gold-labeled Fe-TF is first taken up by sinus endothelium through a receptor-mediated mechanism and is possibly transported transendothelially via a vesicular system (transcytosis).
Evidence for two hard X-ray components in double power-law fits to the 1980 June 7 flare

The June 7, 1980 flare at 0312 UT was analyzed with double power-law fits on the basis of SMM hard X-ray burst spectrometer data. The flare is found to consist of seven peaks of characteristic time scale of about 8 sec followed by seven valleys which may contain significant peak components because of overlap. It is suggested that the possibility of thermal spectra for the peaks is unlikely. An investigation of the double power-law parameters through the third and fourth peaks revealed a hysteresis effect in the fourth peak. The present results have been interpreted in terms of a trap plus precipitation model.
Incorporating laptop technologies into an animal sciences curriculum

Teaching animal sciences, like most agricultural disciplines, requires giving students hands-on learning opportunities in remote and often computer-unfriendly sites such as animal farms. How do faculty integrate laptop use into such an environment?
Computer-based system access by persons with disabilities: Differences in the effects of interface design on novice and experienced performance

Abstract It is well accepted that with even very simple tasks, a user's performance with a manual control device improves substantially over some period of time before stabilizing. Past studies with computer input devices have shown that the overall period of time required to learn to physically interact with a system is, however, generally quite short. For users with mobility impairments, however, not only may the overall physical learning phase be significantly longer than for nondisabled users, but certain features of the interface design may require a longer learning period than others. Depending on how different “initial” performance is from “practiced” performance, systems intended for “walk up and use” applications or casual use may need to be designed differently to allow easy access for persons with mobility impairments. Twenty persons with impaired hand and arm function (as a result of spinal cord injury) performed a target acquisition task with five manual computer input devices. Task completion times and errors were recorded. The results indicate that some devices and screen design features required significantly longer periods of time than others for the participants to become proficient at using them. The results also suggest not only that some physical design attributes negatively effect performance, but that the magnitude of the effects differ for “initial” performance and “practiced” performance. In fact, in some cases attributes which had no effect once performance had asymptoted were shown to have a significant effect on novice performance. The implications for interface design are discussed.
Aberrant DNA methylation and epigenetic inactivation of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and ephrin ligands in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are involved in normal hematopoietic development and tumorigenesis. Using methylated CpG island amplification/DNA promoter microarray, we identified several EPH receptor and EPHRIN genes as potential hypermethylation targets in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We subsequently studied the DNA methylation status of the Eph/ephrin family by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Hypermethylation of EPHA2, -A4, -A5, -A6, -A7, -A10, EPHB1, -B2, -B3, -B4, EFNA1, -A3, -A5, and EFNB1 and -B2 genes was detected in leukemia cell lines and primary ALL bone marrow samples. Expression analysis of EPHB4, EFNB2, and EFNA5 genes demonstrated that DNA methylation was associated with gene silencing. We cloned the promoter region of EPHB4 and demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation can result in EPHB4 transcriptional silencing. Restoration of EPHB4 expression by lentiviral transduction resulted in reduced proliferation and apoptotic cell death in Raji cells in which EPHB4 is methylated and silenced. Finally, we demonstrated that phosphorylated Akt is down-regulated in Raji cells transduced with EPHB4. These results suggest that epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of EPH/EPHRIN family genes contributes to ALL pathogenesis and that EPHB4 can function as a tumor suppressor in ALL.
Treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder using dialectical behavior therapy in a community mental health setting: Clinical application and a preliminary investigation

This article describes an effort to implement and examine dialectical behavior therapy's (DBT) effectiveness in a community mental health setting. Modifications made to address unique aspects of community mental health settings are described. Barriers encountered in implementation of DBT treatment in community mental health settings, such as staff turnover, maintaining fidelity to the treatment model, staff selection, and structuring skills training, are discussed. Preliminary data are presented that examine the effectiveness of DBT in a group of indigent clients receiving treatment at a community mental health center who have comorbid diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and a severe mental illness on Axis I.
Correlation between MAO activity in blood platelets obtained by single and multiple centrifugations.

Abstract Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in human blood platelets isolated by a single centrifugation at 600 g for 2 1 2 minutes, which isolates only 45–65% of total platelets, was highly correlated with the MAO activity in platelets isolated by a method which isolates essentially 100% of platelets ( r = 0.95, p
Components: what if they gave a revolution and nobody came?

There have been three great revolutions in computing technology during the past 50 years: the stored-program computer, high-level languages and component-level programming. Although working programmers are well aware of this last revolution, it seems to have escaped the notice of most everyone else. The author feels that academic researchers are doing little or nothing that touches the subject and apart from trade journals and magazines aimed at developers that publishers have all but ignored it. The component-level programming revolution has already happened in the academic community and in the authors opinion, nobody came. The author starts by giving a brief history of components, detailing the controls (tools that allow developers to create visually pleasing dialog boxes by drawing such devices as buttons), visual innovations and the data control of Visual Basic. The author moves on to current component technology. He explains ActiveX and other recent technological developments (like dynamic instantiation and universal standard). He finishes by looking into the future of component technology, explaining semipersistence and marketing flexibility and solutions to transmitting problems.
Spin trapping evidence for free radical oxidants of aminopyrine in the metmyoglobin-cumene hydroperoxide system.

Abstract NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form); EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance; MNP, 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane Preliminary accounts of this work were presented at the American Chemical Society Southeast—Southwest Regional Meeting, October 29–31, 1975, Memphis, TN and at the American Chemical Society Southwest Regional Meeting, December 5–7, 1977, Little Rock, AR
Attributions for Abstinence from Illicit Drugs by University Students.

Aim: To assess college students’ attributions for abstinence from alcohol and illicit drugs. Method: We recruited 125 undergraduates to rate the degree to which each of 41 listed reasons influenced their abstention from six specific substances (alcohol, MDMA/ecstasy, inhalants, cocaine, marijuana, and hallucinogens).Findings: Internal consistency analyses revealed reliable subscales of reasons reflecting themes such as perceived harmful effects, absence of enjoyment, likely loss of control, effects on one's body, inconsistency with one's values and self-image, and difficulty acquiring the substance. Men and women rarely differed significantly in the reported importance of different types of reasons for abstaining. Perceived lack of enjoyment was rated as the most influential type of reason for abstaining regardless of drug type. Difficulty acquiring drugs and concerns about failing a drug test were rated as having a small influence on abstinence regardless of drug type.Conclusions: Our results are consist...
Automated ranking of stem cell colonies by translating biological rules to computational models

This paper addresses the problem of automating an image ranking process for stem cell colonies. We automate the manual process in a novel way: instead of fitting off-the-shelf image features and colony ranks to prediction models, we define a new feature set that uniquely characterizes the visual clues from images of the colonies and biological rules experts use to rank colonies from image data. Our automation considers several factors: the inconsistency of manually assigned stem cell colony ranks, the type of image segmentation to detect stem cell colonies (manual and automated), the type of image feature set (off-the-shelf vs. custom designed), and an underlying relationship between input colony features and output stem cell colony ranks (linear and nonlinear). The novelty of our work lies in automating stem cell colony ranking while preserving the connection between visually perceived quality characteristics of stem cell colonies, and image colony features combined with a computational prediction model. The main contribution of our work is in demonstrating the benefits of direct interpretation of biological rules to automation of stem cell colony ranking. We also outline a method for establishing relationships between the commonly used Haralick features and our custom-designed features.
Use of self-reports of physical fitness as substitutes for performance-based measures of physical fitness in older adults.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between self-reported physical fitness and performance-based measures of physical fitness in older adults. The specific components of physical fitness evaluated included aerobic endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility. Adults (25 men and 47 women) ranging in age from 56 to 92 years (M age = 75 yr.) were recruited from the local community. Generally, the associations between self-reported and performance-based measures of physical fitness were low to moderate (r = .30–.01). Based on these findings, self-reports of physical fitness should not be used as substitutes for performance-based measures of physical fitness in older adults. Furthermore, present findings suggest that older adults, when asked to rate subcomponents of physical fitness, may not do so but rather evaluate a more general concept of physical fitness with aerobic endurance as the dominant factor.
Regulating Motion of Magnetic Capsules in Microfluidic Systems

Magnetic microcapsules are often used as vesicles in targeted drug delivery systems, where focused magnetic field propels the capsules to highly specific locations in tissue. To fully realize this potential it is important to understand the dynamics of magnetically-responsive micrometer sized particles in viscous fluids and the effect of boundaries on particle motion. Furthermore, for practical biomedical applications, it could be useful to create synthetic micrometer-sized vesicles able to perform controlled self-propelled motion. Herein, using computer simulations, we examine the motion of magnetically-responsive synthetic microcapsules that able to crawl along walls in microchannels filled with a viscous fluid. The compliant fluid-filled capsules considered in this study encompass superparamagnetic nanoparticles in their solid shells and, therefore, can be manipulated by alternating magnetic forces.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Hyperpolarization of trigeminal primary afferents evoked by stimulation of lumbar sympathetic trunk and peripheral nerves.

Abstract The gate control theory has emphasized primary afferent hyperpolarization (PAH) as a specific determinant in the perception of a stimulus as painful. Previous studies which indicated that primary afferent depolarization (PAD) could be elicited in the trigeminal system by nonsegmental inputs suggested that this might also be the case for primary afferent hyperpolarization. Decreased excitability of trigeminal primary afferent fibers, an indirect reflection of PAH, was elicited by stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk, sural, and sciatic nerves in cats. This PAH has a magnitude and time course similar to that previously demonstrated in the trigeminal system by segmental noxious inputs. We postulate that PAH is a general phenomenon related to the control of information transmission across afferent synapses rather than a phenomenon specifically related to the perception of various stimuli as painful.
P‐98: Opto‐mechanical Properties of Thin Film Crystal Polarizers Coated on Polymer Substrates

The opto-mechanical properties of thin crystal film (TCF) polarizers coated on flexible polymer substrates are investigated. The photopic transmission through the polarizer is measured as a function of strain applied across the polarizer sample for different incident polarizations. An analysis of TCF polarizers subjected to strains parallel and perpendicular to the coating direction is also presented in the context of flexible display applications. A simple description is presented.
Catalysts for the preparation of polybenzimidazoles

The single-stage preparation of poly[2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] (PBI), from 3,3′,4,4′-tetraaminobiphenyl (TAB) with isophthalic acid (IPA) in the presence of a catalyst, was explored and developed. The effects of a variety of catalysts on the polymerization of TAB with IPA and/or diphenyl isophthalate were screened and evaluated. Many organo phosphorus and silicon compounds catalyzed the PBI condensation reactions, increased the molecular weight, and improved the quality of PBI polymers. Fiber and reverse osmosis membrane properties of PBI prepared from TAB and IPA were comparable to those for commercial standard PBI prepared from TAB and diphenyl isophthalate. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation and Characterization of Acid Hydrolysis Products of the Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine

As part of an effort to define the biological roles of carbohydrate groups of the tomato glycoalkaloid α-tomatine in plants and animals, experiments were carried out to optimize the acid hydrolysis of the tetrasaccharide side chain of α-tomatine to products with three, two, one, and zero sugar groups. This was accomplished by following the time course for hydrolysis in 1 N HCl at 100 °C, isolating the hydrolysis products by chromatography on an aluminum oxide column, and determining the number and nature of hydrolysis products, including free sugars, with the aid of thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of alditol acetate sugar derivatives. The results show that a 20-min hydrolysis time appears useful for the formation of a mixture of the monosaccharide δ-tomatine, the disaccharide γ-tomatine, and the trisaccharide β1-tomatine. Efforts to isolate the other possible trisaccharide, β2-tomatine, were unsuccessful, apparently because xylose is degraded during the hydrolysis. A 70-...
Computation of families of H-infinity control laws

A convexity property of a certain matrix Riccati function allows the computation of families of gain matrices for H/sub infinity /-norm-bounding state-feedback and observer-based controllers. All controllers belong to a well-defined subclass of state-feedback or full-order observer-based controllers, and hence exclude controllers of higher order. The parametrization of state-feedback gains also allows the computation of a family of H/sub infinity /-norm-bounding decentralized control laws. >
Do Montmorillonite Surfaces Promote Methane Hydrate Formation? Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Recent laboratory experiments on methane hydrate formation in the presence of Na-montmorillonite, a clay mineral found coexistently with hydrates in oceanic sediments, suggest that clay surfaces may facilitate methane hydrate crystallization from aqueous solution. Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to determine whether stable methane clathrates could in principle form in the interlayers of hydrated Na-montmorillonite in equilibrium with seawater under ambient conditions. Stable interlayer methane clathrate structures were indeed found to occur under pressures as low as 10 atm and at temperatures as high as 300 K in simulations of a three-layer hydrate of Na-montmorillonite containing 0.5 CH4 per clay mineral unit cell. This result is consistent with a “thermodynamic promotion effect” of clay mineral surfaces on hydrate formation. Visualization of local methane clathrate structure in the 0.5 CH4 per unit cell system revealed that the methane molecule is nested on a hexagonal ri...
“Operation Matthew”: The Cold War Comes to the Top 40

“Operation Matthew” was the code name for a unique, news-based radio promotion of the McLendon radio stations in the winter of 1961–62, which rebroadcast taped segments of Radio Moscow's English-language news service. These rebroadcasts were publicity stunts disguised as public service. In this study, the researchers examine “Operation Matthew” as it illustrates one radio operator's responses to the issues and problems characteristic of the industry at the time. Among those were shrinking audiences and increasing competition for advertising clients both within the radio industry and with newspapers and television. The study also explores “Operation Matthew” as an example of how station promotions essential to the Top-40 format formula could both exploit and reflect larger political, regulatory, and economic concerns.
Expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Transforming growth factors (TGFs) alpha and beta are key regulatory peptides that modulate mucosal cell populations critical to inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to assess TGF-alpha and TGF-beta expression in human colonic mucosa. METHODS: TGF-alpha and TGF-beta expression was assessed in colonic mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis, patients with Crohn's disease, and controls by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and bioassay. RESULTS: TGF-alpha messenger RNA expression localized to the villous tips of the small intestine and the surface epithelium of the colon. TGF-alpha expression was enhanced 2.3-fold in inactive ulcerative colitis mucosa relative to active ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or normal controls. Enhanced expression correlated with duration of disease. TGF-beta expression was increased in affected mucosa from both patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease with active disease. TGF-beta1 messenger RNA expression in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease localized mostly to cells of the lamina propria with the highest concentration in inflammatory cells closest to the luminal surface. CONCLUSIONS: TGF-alpha may contribute to epithelial hyperproliferation and the increased risk of malignancy in long-standing ulcerative colitis. TGF-beta may be a key cytokine during periods of active inflammation, modulating epithelial cell restitution and functional features of cells within the lamina propria. (Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4):975-84)
3-Dimensional Tracking of Non-blinking 'Giant' Quantum Dots in Live Cells.

While semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used successfully in numerous single particle tracking (SPT) studies due to their high photoluminescence efficiency, photostability, and broad palette of emission colors, conventional QDs exhibit fluorescence intermittency or ‘blinking,’ which causes ambiguity in particle trajectory analysis and limits tracking duration. Here, non-blinking ‘giant’ quantum dots (gQDs) are exploited to study IgE-FceRI receptor dynamics in live cells using a confocal-based 3D SPT microscope. There is a 7-fold increase in the probability of observing IgE-FceRI for longer than 1 min using the gQDs compared to commercially available QDs. A time-gated photon-pair correlation analysis is implemented to verify that selected SPT trajectories are definitively from individual gQDs and not aggregates. The increase in tracking duration for the gQDs allows the observation of multiple changes in diffusion rates of individual IgE-FceRI receptors occurring on long (>1 min) time scales, which are quantified using a time-dependent diffusion coefficient and hidden Markov modeling. Non-blinking gQDs should become an important tool in future live cell 2D and 3D SPT studies, especially in cases where changes in cellular dynamics are occurring on the time scale of several minutes.
Enabling the Original Intent: Catalysts for Social Entrepreneurship.

As capitalist economies have shifted their primary focus from providing goods and services for all, to concentrating wealth at the top echelons of societies, social entrepreneurs have been one source of re-capturing the original intent of capitalism. Social entrepreneurs have combined the efficiency and effectiveness of business organizations with the social concerns of many non-profit and governmental agencies. As a result, social entrepreneurship is viewed as having significant potential for alleviating many of the social ills we now face. To accomplish this mission, however, will require expansion of social enterprises beyond their current footprints. We explore alternate methods of expansion, scaling and replication, and then examine potential catalysts, which can enable social entrepreneurs to attain their goals of social improvement. The catalysts we identify are effectual logic, enhanced legitimacy through appropriate reporting metrics, and information technology. We conclude with two brief case studies that exemplify how these catalysts are currently working to enhance the effectiveness of social start-ups.
Task-related information analysis

Task analysis methods have paid little attention to specification of information displays. A method is described for analysing task-related information needs linked to design of information displays. The method starts by defining users' requirements with information types. These are added to the task model to specify what type of information is required during the task. The next step selects appropriate means of information delivery according to the users' needs. Different information access and display paradigms, e.g. hypertext, data retrieval and display media are considered. The method is illustrated with a case study of a shipboard information system.