cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive model estimation of machine-tool thermal errors based on recursive dynamic modeling strategy

A systematic model adaptation methodology is developed in order to continuously update the thermal-error model under varying manufacturing conditions. Process-intermittent probing and adaptive system identification techniques are integrated to monitor and estimate machine-tool thermal errors and recursively modify model coefficients as manufacturing process proceeds. The recursive model adaptation, which is based on the Kalman filter parameter estimation technique and multiple-sampling horizons, minimizes intrusion to production while maintaining good model adaptation capability. The experimental results proved that the proposed methodology has good model accuracy and robustness to frequently changing working conditions.
A mucoepidermoid tumour of the tongue

A case of mucoepidermoid tumour arising in minor salivary glands of the tongue and assessed histologically to be of high-grade malignancy is described. The diagnostic difficulties involved in distinguishing the neoplasm from a squamous cell carcinoma are considered. From published figures it would appear that salivary gland neoplasms in the tongue are much more likely to be malignant than benign.
Revisiting Retrospective Reporting of First-Birth Intendedness

Because birth intendedness is typically measured retrospectively, researchers have raised concerns about the accuracy of reporting. Our objective was to assess the stability of intendedness reports for women asked about the same birth at different times. We used data from Wave III (2001–2002; ages 18–24) and Wave IV (2007–2008; ages 25–32) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative school-based sample first surveyed in 1995. For the 1,463 women who reported a first birth by Wave III that could be matched with the same birth reported at Wave IV, we examined whether intendedness was characterized consistently at both waves. We constructed descriptive measures of consistency in reporting and estimated logistic regression models predicting changes in reports. Nearly four-fifths of young mothers did not change their reports across waves, with about 60 % reporting their first birth as unintended. However, 22 % of women changed the intendedness categorization of their first birth between surveys. Women who initially reported the birth as intended were more likely to recategorize the birth as unintended than vice versa. With the exception of race and employment, most socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were unrelated to the likelihood of recategorizing first birth intendedness in multivariate models. Most reports of birth intentions are stable, but there is a nontrivial degree of inconsistency. Cross-sectional reports may either under- or overestimate the prevalence of unintended fertility. It remains to be seen whether, and how, consistency of reports is linked to maternal and child health and well-being.
MOTION PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING CORRESPONDENCE APPROACH

Understanding object motion and estimating the object motion parameters is a difficult and computationally complex task. In general, approaches based on optic flow and correspondence have been utilized to address this problem. In this paper we present an approach based on correspondence. We use perturbation analysis and optimal control results to estimate time varying parameters. In our approach we simultaneously estimate motion corresponding to the six degrees of freedom, and our approach can readily handle long image sequences. We present results of sensitivity of the solution with respect to noise, initial estimates and sequence length.
Simple method for the determination of optical constants of absorbing materials.

A method which uses the maximum value of (Rs − RP)/(Rs + RP) and the angle of incidence ϕB at that maximum measured by a rotating polarizer is developed for the determination of optical constants of absorbing solids. This method was used for the measurement of the optical constants of germanium in the spectral region 1.8–2.7 eV and of silicon in 2.0–3.7 eV at room temperature.
Gendered Access to Formal and Informal Resources in Postdisaster Development in the Ecuadorian Andes

The devastating eruptions of Mount Tungurahua in the Ecuadorian highlands in 1999 and 2006 left many communities struggling to rebuild their homes and others permanently displaced to settlements built by state and nongovernmental organizations. For several years afterward, households diversified their economic strategies to compensate for losses, communities organized to promote local development, and the state and nongovernmental organizations sponsored many economic recovery programs in the affected communities. Our study examined the ways in which gender and gender roles were associated with different levels and paths of access to scarce resources in these communities. Specifically, this article contrasts the experiences of men and women in accessing household necessities and project assistance through formal institutions and informal networks. We found that women and men used different types of informal social support networks, with men receiving significantly more material, emotional, and informational support than women. We also found that men and women experienced different challenges and advantages when pursuing support through local and extralocal institutions and that these institutions often coordinated in ways that reified their biases. We present a methodology that is replicable in a wide variety of disaster, resettlement, and development settings, and we advocate an inductive, evidence-based approach to policy, built upon an understanding of local gender, class, and ethnic dynamics affecting access to formal and informal resources. This evidence should be used to build more robust local institutions that can resist wider social and cultural pressures for male dominance and gendered exclusion.
Working Models of Marriage: An Application of Attachment Theory

Working models of marriage (WMM) is a unique application of attachment theory because it applies to beliefs about being a spouse and about another's ability to be one's spouse. It varies from generic working models of the self and other by its reflection of one's assumptions about marriage as a unique relationship form. Unmarried, young adults (n = 1,490) completed a survey that focused on family-of-origin, attachment, marital beliefs, and marital intentions constructs. Results indicated that two WMM dimensions were significantly predicted by the variables and that individuals grouped into four WMM classifications based on the two dimensions were likewise different among the variables. Implications for relationship confidence and for conceptual refinement are discussed.
Reversible dislocation motion under contact loading in LiNbO3 single crystal

The room temperature deformation behavior of a LiNbO3 single crystal loaded along [0001] was studied by spherical nanoindentation. The threefold symmetry of the indentation marks was attributed to the formation of (10¯12) twins that reorient the basal planes to allow for basal slip, which is manifested by the formation of fully reversible, hysteretic loops upon cyclic loading. The differences in energy dissipation, threshold stresses, and loop shapes for the three different radii tips are attributed to the different sized twins that form. The results are consistent with our model for the formation of incipient kink bands within the twins.
DOUBLE BLIND STUDY OF CLONIDINE AND PLACEBO FOR THE PROPHYLACTIC TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE

SYNOPSIS Clonidine was evaluated in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. The results were compared with those obtained with placebo in the same patients. Identical protocols were used at headache centers in St. Louis and Chicago. There were similar results though evaluations were completely independent. Clonidine was not superior to placebo in preventing migraine attacks.
Experience with an evidence-based protocol using fibrinolysis as first line treatment for empyema in children

Abstract Introduction We previously reported a prospective, randomized trial comparing video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication (VATS) to fibrinolysis for the treatment of empyema. In that study no advantages to VATS were identified, although VATS resulted in significantly higher hospital charges. We subsequently implemented the algorithm from the trial utilizing primary fibrinolytic therapy in all children diagnosed with empyema. In this study, we reviewed our experience to examine the clinical efficacy of this protocol. Methods After IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective review of all children diagnosed with empyema as all were treated with the fibrinolysis protocol utilized in the prospective trial since the completion of the trial. Results In 102 consecutive patients treated with fibrinolysis, 16 patients (15.7%) required subsequent VATS. No patients were treated with initial VATS. No major side effects were seen from fibrinolytic therapy. Mean operative time for VATS after fibrinolysis was 62minutes. The length of stay after VATS was 5.9days. Conclusions The results of an evidence-based protocol using fibrinolysis to treat empyema have replicated the results of the trial that led to the implementation of the protocol. The pediatric empyema population can be successfully treated without an operation in the majority of cases.
When Ecosystem Services Crash: Preparing for Big, Fast, Patchy Climate Change

Assessments of adaptation options generally focus on incremental, homogeneous ecosystem responses to climate even though climate change impacts can be big, fast, and patchy across a region. Regional drought-induced tree die-off in semiarid woodlands highlights how an ecosystem crash fundamentally alters most ecosystem services and poses management challenges. Building on previous research showing how choice of location is linked to adaptive capacity and vulnerability, we developed a framework showing how the options for retaining desired ecosystem services in the face of sudden crashes depend on how portable the service is and whether the stakeholder is flexible with regard to the location where they receive their services. Stakeholders using portable services, or stakeholders who can move to other locations to obtain services, may be more resilient to ecosystem crashes. Our framework suggests that entering into cooperative networks with regionally distributed stakeholders is key to building resilience to big, fast, patchy crashes.
Overexpression of rod photoreceptor glutamic acid rich protein 2 (GARP2) increases gain and slows recovery in mouse retina

Background: The rod photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel, consisting of three α- and one β subunit, controls ion flow into the rod outer segment (ROS). In addition to the β-subunit, the Cngb1 locus encodes an abundant soluble protein, GARP2 that binds stoichiometrically to rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase type 6 (PDE6). To examine the in vivo functional role of GARP2 we generated opsin promoter-driven transgenic mice overexpressing GARP2 three-fold specifically in rod photoreceptors. Results: In the GARP2 overexpressing transgenic mice (tg), the endogenous channel β-subunit, cGMP phosphodiesterase α-subunit, peripherin2/RDS and guanylate cyclase I were present at WT levels and were properly localized within the ROS. While localized properly within ROS, two proteins cGMP phosphodiesterase α-subunit (1.4-fold) and cGMP-gated cation channel α-subunit (1.2-fold) were moderately, but significantly elevated. Normal stratification of all retinal layers was observed, and ROS were stable in numbers but were 19% shorter than WT. Analysis of the photoresponse using electroretinography (ERG) showed that tg mice exhibit no change in sensitivity indicating overall normal rod function, however two parameters of the photoresponse significantly differed from WT responses. Fitting of the rising phase of the ERG a-wave to an accepted model of phototransduction showed a two-fold increase in phototransduction gain in the tg mice. The increase in gain was confirmed in isolated retinal tissue and by suction electrode recordings of individual rod photoreceptor cells. A measure of response recovery, the dominant time constant (τD) was elevated 69% in isolated retina compared to WT, indicating slower shutoff of the photoresponse. Conclusions: GARP2 may participate in regulating visual signal transduction through a previously unappreciated role in regulating phototransduction gain and recovery.
Modeling the behavioral substrates of associate learning and memory: adaptive neural models

Three adaptive single-neuron models based on neural analogies of behavior modification episodes are proposed, which attempt to bridge the gap between psychology and neurophysiology. The proposed models capture the predictive nature of Pavlovian conditioning, which is essential to the theory of adaptive/learning systems. The models learn to anticipate the occurrence of a conditioned response before the presence of a reinforcing stimulus when training is complete. Furthermore, each model can find the most nonredundant and earliest predictor of reinforcement. The behavior of the models accounts for several aspects of basic animal learning phenomena in Pavlovian conditioning beyond previous related models. Computer simulations show how well the models fit empirical data from various animal learning paradigms. >
Optimization of MRI protocols and pulse sequence parameters for eigenimage filtering

The eigenimage filter generates a composite image in which a desired feature is segmented from interfering features. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the eigenimage equals its contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and is directly proportional to the dissimilarity between the desired and interfering features. Since image gray levels are analytical functions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, it is possible to maximize this dissimilarity by optimizing these parameters. For optimization, the authors consider four MRI pulse sequences: multiple spin-echo (MSE); spin-echo (SE); inversion recovery (IR); and gradient-echo (GE). The authors use the mathematical expressions for MRI signals along with intrinsic tissue parameters to express the objective function (normalized SNR of the eigenimage) in terms of MRI parameters. The objective function along with a set of diagnostic or instrumental constraints define a multidimensional nonlinear constrained optimization problem, which the authors solve by the fixed point approach. The optimization technique is demonstrated through its application to phantom and brain images. The authors show that the optimal pulse sequence parameters for a sequence of four MSE and one IR images almost doubles the smallest normalized SNR of the brain eigenimages, as compared to the conventional brain protocol. >
Transcranial slow oscillatory stimulation drives consolidation of declarative memory by synchronization of the neocortex

Evaluation of: Marshall L, Helgadottir H, Molle M, Born J: Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory. Nature 444, 610–613 (2006). Slow-wave sleep plays a crucial role in the consolidation of declarative memory. During this sleep stage the electroencephalogram predominantly shows slow oscillatory activity and slow sleep spindles. The latter are likely to be linked to hippocampal fast ripples and subsequent neuronal firing, presumably supporting the transformation of memory. Anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation generates a temporary negativity of the extracellular space in the underlying tissue, secondarily causing a shift of the neuronal membrane potential towards depolarization. A novel type of transcranial ‘intermittent’ slow oscillatory stimulation was applied over the frontal cortex during early stage-two sleep with the purpose of inducing endogenous slow oscillations and slow spindle activity. It is argued that this form of stimulation elicited a specific enhancement of the ...
Chaotic mixing and transport in wavy Taylor-Couette flow

Abstract Chaotic transport and mixing in wavy cylindrical Couette flow has been studied in some detail, but previous studies have been limited to the velocity field at transition from Taylor–Couette flow to wavy flow or have used phenomenological, computational, or theoretical models of the flow. Recent particle image velocimetry measurements of wavy vortex flow provide the experimental three-dimensional, three-component velocity field at conditions well above the transition to wavy flow. Using this experimental velocity field, fluid tracer particles were tracked computationally to determine the nature of the mixing. The results show how mixing is enhanced with increasing rotating Reynolds number as a consequence of increased stretching and folding that occurs in meridional, latitudinal, and circumferential surfaces. The axial particle transport increases with the rotating Reynolds number as a consequence of stretching and folding within the vortices and the axial transport between vortices, both related to the waviness of the flow, as well as increased vortex strength. The calculated effective dispersion coefficient is very similar to that found experimentally and computationally confirming that chaotic advection is the mechanism responsible for enhanced mixing in wavy vortex flow.
Assessment of myocardial function and perfusion in a canine model of non‐occlusive coronary artery stenosis using fast magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) functional and perfusion imaging were employed in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis (n = 6) for the quantification of functional and perfusion deficits before and after dipyridamole administration. Left anterior descending and circumflex (LCX) coronary blood flow were measured continuously after placing Doppler flowmeters. Inversion recovery gradient echo images during the transit of MR contrast medium gadolinium-benzyloxypropionictetraacetate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA/Dimeg) and fast breath-hold cine MR images were acquired at baseline, during LCX stenosis in basal state, and during LCX stenosis with vasodilation (dipyridamole 0.5 mg/kg). The extent of the functional defect and perfusion defect was expressed as percent of left ventricle (LV) circumference. During stenosis (LCX flow: 62.6 +/- 5.6% of baseline) the extent of the functional defect was slightly larger than the perfusion defect (11.0 +/- 1.8% versus 6.3 +/- 1.70% of LV circumference, respectively; P < 0.01). During vasodilation the extent of the functional defect was considerably smaller than the perfusion defect (25.3 +/- 2.5% versus 35.3 +/- 3.5%; P < 0.01). Thus, the sizes of ischemic regions displayed by MR perfusion defect and functional defect differ from each other.
Frataxin-bypassing Isu1: characterization of the bypass activity in cells and mitochondria

Frataxin is a conserved mitochondrial protein, and deficiency underlies the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich’s ataxia. Frataxin interacts with the core machinery for Fe–S cluster assembly in mitochondria. Recently we reported that in frataxin-deleted yeast strains, a spontaneously occurring mutation in one of two genes encoding redundant Isu scaffold proteins, bypassed the mutant phenotypes. In the present study we created strains expressing a single scaffold protein, either Isu1 or the bypass mutant M107I Isu1. Our results show that in the frataxin-deletion strain expressing the bypass mutant Isu1, cell growth, Fe–S cluster protein activities, haem proteins and iron homoeostasis were restored to normal or close to normal. The bypass effects were not mediated by changes in Isu1 expression level. The persulfide-forming activity of the cysteine desulfurase was diminished in the frataxin deletion (Δyfh1 ISU1) and was improved by expression of the bypass Isu1 (Δyfh1 M107I ISU1). The addition of purified bypass M107I Isu1 protein to a Δyfh1 lysate conferred similar enhancement of cysteine desulfurase as did frataxin, suggesting that this effect contributed to the bypass mechanism. Fe–S cluster-forming activity in isolated mitochondria was stimulated by the bypass Isu1, albeit at a lower rate. The rescuing effects of the bypass Isu1 point to ways that the core defects in Friedreich’s ataxia mitochondria can be restored.
Recertification in nurse-midwifery. A critical analysis of use of a written examination.

The Division of Examiners of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) conducted a study to determine the feasibility of using an entry-level certification examination as a tool for reassessment of cognitive competency. A current valid and reliable form of the ACNM national certification examination was administered to a sample of midcareer nurse-midwives, stratified according to years since first examination and focus of employment. The effects of selected demographic variables on examination outcome performance were assessed. Interpretation of the data was limited by the effect of small sample size and by the volunteer nature of the sample itself. Data did seem to suggest that focus of employment had the most relevant effect on examination score. The failure rate was higher for the recertification subjects than for the control group of entry-level candidates. The recertification group represented a norm group significantly different from the norm group of first-time candidates. Conservative interpretation of these data suggests that further consideration should be given to reassessment of competency over time, and that the entry-level certification examination can be used as a tool for reexamination.
The availability to the chick of zinc as the sulfate, oxide or carbonate.

Abstract ROBERSON and Schaible (1958a) reported that both the chloride and sulfate of zinc at a hundred ppm. in a glucose-soybean protein diet prevented zinc deficiency symptoms and permitted normal growth and feed conversion in the growing chick. Pensack et al. (1958) stated that the carbonate, oxide, chloride or proteinate of zinc were equally available to the chick when added to a cerelose-casein-gelatin diet with variable calcium:phosphorus ratios. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative availabilities of the carbonate, oxide or sulfate of zinc when added at minimal levels to a purified, soybean type ration of otherwise normal mineral content. From previous work it was assumed that twenty ppm. of zinc was adequate for the chick when the zinc was available (Roberson and Schaible, 1958a; O’Dell et al., 1958; and Moeller and Scott, 1958). EXPERIMENTAL Male White Rock chicks, one-day of age, were allotted on the basis of …
Continuous Compression of Rabbit Articular Cartilage Producing Loss of Hydroxyproline Before Loss of Hexosamine

The effect of continuous mild compression of the articular cartilage of rabbit knee joints was studied grossly, histologically, and chemically. Typical gross and microscopic lesions were produced over a six-week period and graded according to accepted techniques. Chemical analysis of the cartilage content of hydroxyproline and hexosamine revealed a greater initial loss of hydroxyproline but both moieties seemed to have been lost after six weeks of compression. The mechanism for cartilage degradation in this system would appear to be different from that in infection, since it has been suggested that, in infection, the loss of hexosamine is the first event. Possible explanations of these findings are: (1) appearance of some other cellular or matrical substances and the operation of separate enzyme systems degrading chondroitin sulphate and hydroxyproline independently or (2) synthesis of hydroxyproline deficient collagen.
Microstructure of Carbon Black

Abstract Although the microstructure of carbon black has been under investigation for more than fifty years, there are still many aspects which are controversial and some which are virtually unexplored. The inherently low degree of crystallinity and the finely-divided state of carbon blacks have greatly hindered efforts to understand them. The purpose of this article is to cite the principal contributors to our understanding of carbon black microstructure, to discuss the significance of their contribution, to present a clear picture of the present state of our knowledge, and to note areas where controversy exists and where our knowledge is incomplete. The scope of this article is necessarily limited to a reasonably complete treatment of the several aspects of carbon black microstructure; that is, the arrangement of carbon atoms to form graphite layer planes, the arrangement of layer planes to form crystallites, and the arrangement of crystallites to form the more familiar carbon black “particles” or aggre...
Using massMobile, a flexible, scalable, rapid prototyping audience participation framework, in large-scale live musical performances

AbstractmassMobile is a client–server system for mass audience participation in live musical performances using existing wireless network infrastructure, audience members' own mobile computing devices (such as smartphones) and a cloud-based server to enable rapid prototyping, iterative design, and plug and play deployment of participatory systems under constraints common to live events and venues. In this paper, we specifically focus on technical and design issues related to large-scale participatory performances, exploring (a) what technical designs provide robust support; (b) what interfaces and mappings can be effective and (c) what strategies can effectively focus and guide participation. We first briefly address previous work in audience participation in live performance, then describe massMobile's system design and implementation with a focus on new functionality to support robust use at scale. Finally, we discuss two sets of events using massMobile in large-scale performance contexts: with an athle...
Cooling Tower Fan Control for Energy Efficiency

ABSTRACT This article evaluates the economics of alternative cooling tower capacity control methods. Annual fan electrical energy requirements are calculated for towers with single-speed, two-speed, and variable-speed fans. Fan energy requirements are determined counter-flow and cross-flow towers designed for low initial cost and for energy efficiency. Effectiveness-NTU equations are solved to predict cooling tower performance with the fan running at various speeds. Natural convection, which determines the cooling capacity when the fan is off, is accounted for using a mean enthalpy difference. Ambient conditions are simulated using typical meteorological year data for five locations. The results show that potential savings are not strongly dependent on the approach temperature, but are dependent on the range in colder climates. The potential for saving is greatest for cooling towers designed for low initial cost, and is generally higher in locations where the wet bulb temperature remains relatively consta...
Fragile mixing

No matter how well designed and engineered, a mix server offers little protection if its administrator can be convinced to log and selectively disclose correspondences between its input and output messages, either for profit or to cooperate with an investigation. In this paper we propose a technique, fragile mixing, to discourage an administrator from revealing such correspondences, assuming he is motivated to protect the unlinkability of other communications that flow through the mix (e.g., his own). Briefly, fragile mixing implements the property that any disclosure of an input-message-to-output-message correspondence discloses all such correspondences for that batch of output messages. We detail this technique in the context of a re-encryption mix, its integration with a mix network, and incentive and efficiency issues.
NIMG-26COMPARISON OF POST-GADOLINIUM 3D FAST SPIN ECHO IMAGES VERSUS REGISTERED AND SUBTRACTED MPRAGE IMAGES IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

BACKGROUND: Multiple 3D MRI methods can show contrast enhancement. One option is to acquire Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) images before and after gadolinium administration, register them, and subtract. Another option is to acquire only post-contrast images with high sensitivity to contrast, as with CUBE (GE Medical Systems) and SPACE (Siemens Medical Systems), grouped here as Fast Spin Echo (FSE). To our knowledge, no comparison of MPRAGE vs FSE has been performed. METHODS: IRB waived requirement for consent. For a period of 4 weeks (total 64 glioma patients), we prospectively collected MPRAGE images before and after contrast administration, as well as CUBE or SPACE images after gadolinium. Imaging was performed at 3T in all cases, on either Siemens or GE scanners. The pixel resolution was 1mm3. After contrast administration, a T2-weighted series was acquired and then FSE or MPRAGE followed by the other (order was randomly assigned). After acquisition, the MPRAGE images were registered, and then subtracted. All four images (FSE, Subtraction, MPRAGE Pre, and MPRAGE Post) were presented to 3 trained neuroradiologists. They were asked to provide a rating from 1-5 (1 = FSE definitely more apparent, 2 = probably, 3 = same, 4 = subtraction probably better, 5 = subtraction definitely more apparent). Signed rank tests, a non-parametric alternative to the paired t test, were used to test for differences between the two methods. RESULTS: FSE images better showed contrast enhancement for 2 of 3 individuals (p = 0.02, 0.004, 0.2) as well as the mean ratings over the 3 readers (p < 0.0006). In one case, all three readers agreed there was enhancement on FSE not seen on subtraction. In no case did all 3 readers agree the subtraction was better. In 30/64 cases, all three readers reported there was no difference in enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: 3D FSE images may be or more sensitive to contrast enhancement than registration/subtraction.
THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ENVIRONMENT DURING TILLAGE ON THE RECRUITMENT OF VARIOUS SUMMER ANNUALS

Weed seeds can require an exposure to light for induction of germination. Conducting tillage operations at night and thus preventing the photoinduction of germination has been proposed as a means to reduce weed emergence in agricultural systems. This research was conducted to evaluate night tillage as a weed management option and to determine which tillage operations have the greatest effect on lightmediated recruitment. Weed emergence was evaluated after conducting factorial combinations of day and night moldboard plowing and disking in the springtime from 1992 through 1995. The light environment during disking generally had a slightly greater effect on emergence than the light environment during plowing. Emergence of pigweed species and giant foxtail was, at most, 30 to 55% higher following day vs. night disking. Emergence of other weeds was not affected by the light environment during tillage. We conclude that night tillage may not be a viable approach to weed management due to insufficient reductions in weed emergence associated with night tillage and the high degree of variability in the recruitment response to light conditions during tillage. Nomendature: Giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. SETFA; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; common purslane, Portulaca oleracea L. POROL; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retrofexus L. AMARE; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. AMBEL.
Separation of Water from Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Using Novel Polymer Nanofiber-Coated Glass Fiber Media.

Polymer nanofibers with interpenetrating network (IPN) morphology are used in this work for the development of composite, hydrophobic filter media in conjunction with glass fibers for removal of water droplets from ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD). The nanofibers are produced from hydrophobic polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and hydrophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by spinning the polymer solutions using gas jet fiber (GJF) method. The nanofibers coat the individual glass fibers due to polar–polar interactions during the spinning process and render the filter media highly hydrophobic with a water contact angle approaching 150°. The efficiency of the resultant filter media is evaluated in terms of separation of water droplets of average size 20 μm from the suspensions in ULSD.
The PNP’s First Term: Tasks at the Outset and Populist Politics in the First Years 1972–74

To begin the history of the Manley government, it is useful to start with an overall periodization of its period in office. Michael Manley was elected President of the People’s National Party in February 1969 and in the period up to the February 1972 election his and the party’s energies were focused on winning that election. The period from the election until the declaration of democratic socialism in the fall of 1974 witnessed the announcement of most of the domestic and foreign policies which have come to be associated with the Manley government, but the rhetoric of the government remained populist. These first two phases are covered in this chapter.
Treatment of advanced head and neck cancer: Past, present, and future

Bruce Culliney and colleagues have provided a thorough and well written summary of the literature regarding multimodality treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced or unresectable head and neck malignancies. In particular, they offer a detailed outline of recent insights into radiation dosing and fractionation and their optimal use in the combined-modality setting.
Prediction of reaction knockouts to maximize succinate production by Actinobacillus succinogenes

Succinate is a precursor of multiple commodity chemicals and bio-based succinate production is an active area of industrial bioengineering research. One of the most important microbial strains for bio-based production of succinate is the capnophilic gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus succinogenes, which naturally produces succinate by a mixed-acid fermentative pathway. To engineer A. succinogenes to improve succinate yields during mixed acid fermentation, it is important to have a detailed understanding of the metabolic flux distribution in A. succinogenes when grown in suitable media. To this end, we have developed a detailed stoichiometric model of the A. succinogenes central metabolism that includes the biosynthetic pathways for the main components of biomass—namely glycogen, amino acids, DNA, RNA, lipids and UDP-N-Acetyl-α-D-glucosamine. We have validated our model by comparing model predictions generated via flux balance analysis with experimental results on mixed acid fermentation. Moreover, we have used the model to predict single and double reaction knockouts to maximize succinate production while maintaining growth viability. According to our model, succinate production can be maximized by knocking out either of the reactions catalyzed by the PTA (phosphate acetyltransferase) and ACK (acetyl kinase) enzymes, whereas the double knockouts of PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and PTA or PEPCK and ACK enzymes are the most effective in increasing succinate production.
Artificial Neural Network With Composite Architectures for Prediction of Local Control in Radiotherapy

In this paper, we investigated the application of artificial neural networks with composite architectures into the prediction of local control (LC) of lung cancer patients after radiotherapy. The motivation of this paper was to take advantage of the temporal associations among longitudinal (sequential) data to improve the predictive performance of outcome models under the circumstance of limited sample sizes. Two composite architectures: 1) a 1-D convolutional + fully connected and 2) a locally connected + fully connected architectures were implemented for this purpose. Compared with the fully connected architecture [multilayer perceptron (MLP)], our composite architectures yielded better predictive performance of LC in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Specifically, in a cohort of 98 patients (29 patients failed locally), the composite architecture of 1-D convolutional layers and fully connected layers achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.807–0.841] with 18 features (14 features are longitudinal data). Whereas, the composite architecture of locally connected layers and fully connected layers achieved an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.775–0.811). Both outperformed an MLP in the prediction performance with the same set of features, which achieved an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.751–0.790); ( ${P}$ -values for differences in AUC using the DeLong tests were ${1.609 \times 10^{-14}}$ and ${1.407 \times 10^{-4}}$ , respectively).
Hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of the proto-oncogenes, c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in rabbit lens epithelial cells

The involvement of H2O2 in cataract development has been established inboth human patients and animal models. At the molecular level H2O2 has beenobserved to cause damage to DNA, protein and lipid. To explore the oxidativestress response of the lens system at the gene expression level, we haveexamined the effects of H2O2 on the mRNA change of the proto-oncogenes,c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in a rabbit lens cell line, N/N1003A. H2O2 treatmentof the rabbit lens epithelial cells for 60 min induces quick up-regulationof both c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. The maximal induction is 38 fold for c-jun at150 µM and 72 fold for c-fos at 250 µM H2O2. Treatment ofN/N1003A cells with 50-250 µM H2O2 for 60 min leads to a 2-5 foldincrease of the c-myc mRNA level. H2O2 also induces an up-regulation intransactivity of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) as shown with a reportergene driven by a prolactin gene promoter with 4 copies of AP-1 binding sitesinserted in the upstream of the promoter. Maximal induction occurs with 150µM H2O2. In the same system, the antioxidants, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at concentrations shown toup-regulate the mRNAs of both c-jun and c-fos, also enhance thetransactivity of AP-1. NAC and PDTC have different effects in modulating theinduction of AP-1 activity by H2O2 and TPA. These results reveal thatoxidative stress regulates expression of various regulatory genes in lenssystems, which likely affects cell proliferation, differentiation andviability and thus affect normal lens functions.
Infield education: Enhancing adult learners’ affective domain for transformative learning endorsement

The most influential element in any educational system is to develop high- quality learners to effectively participate in their community. The body of research ascertains that Experiential Learning...
hishuk’ish tsawalk—Everything is One. Revitalizing Place-Based Indigenous Food Systems through the Enactment of Food Sovereignty

First paragraph: My name is Charlotte. My traditional name is thlutismayulth, Carrying Thunder, from our whaling heritage. I’m going to talk a little about who I am and where I am from. I am from the Tseshaht Nation, one the 14 groups that make up the larger Nuu-chah-nulth Nation on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Before I begin, I want to pay respect to the First Peoples of this land, the Coast Salish peoples. Every time we enter these territories—unceded, recognized traditional territories—we need to acknowledge not just the people, the elders, and the leaders, but also the ancestors whose spirits still walk in these spaces. So, I acknowledge that before I begin. The material in this talk comes from a book I have been working on for quite a few years since I published my last book. So, who we are. The Nuu-chah-nulth are on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The traditional territory of the 14 nations also includes the western tip of western Washington, because the Makah in western Washington are our relatives (Figure 1). It was the border that separated us, but we are recog­nized as relatives and share the same language, the same traditions, and the same whaling heritage. . . . See the press release for this article
Transcriptome profiling of resistance response to Meloidogyne chitwoodi introgressed from wild species Solanum bulbocastanum into cultivated potato

Meloidogyne chitwoodi commonly known as Columbia root-knot nematode or CRKN is one of the most devastating pests of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the United States of America. In addition to the roots, it infects potato tubers causing internal as well as external defects, thereby reducing the market value of the crop. Commercial potato varieties with CRKN resistance are currently unavailable. Race specific resistance to CRKN has been introgressed from the wild, diploid potato species Solanum bulbocastanum into the tetraploid advanced selection PA99N82–4 but there is limited knowledge about the nature of its resistance mechanism. In the present study, we performed histological and differential gene expression profiling to understand the mode of action of introgressed CRKN resistance in PA99N82–4 in comparison to the CRKN susceptible variety Russet Burbank. Histological studies revealed that the nematode juveniles successfully infect both resistant and susceptible root tissue by 48 h post inoculation, but the host resistance response restricts nematode feeding site formation in PA99N82–4. Differential gene expression analysis shows that 1268, 1261, 1102 and 2753 genes were up-regulated in PA99N82–4 at 48 h, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days post inoculation respectively, of which 61 genes were common across all the time points. These genes mapped to plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormonal signaling, antioxidant activity and cell wall re-enforcement pathways annotated for potato. The introgressed nematode resistance in PA99N82–4 is in the form of both pattern-triggered immune response and effector-triggered immune response, which is mediated by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and hypersensitive response (HR). Salicylic acid is playing a major role in the HR. Polyamines and suberin (a component of the Casperian strip in roots) also play an important role in mediating the resistance response. The present study provides the first ever comprehensive insights into transcriptional changes among M. chitwoodi resistant and susceptible potato genotypes after nematode inoculation. The knowledge generated in the present study has implications in breeding for CRKN resistance in potato.
Semi-supervised Learning for Epileptic Focus Localization Using Deep Convolutional Autoencoder

Epileptic focus localization is an important process for successful epileptic surgery. The intracranial Electroencephalogram (iEEG) recording helps the neurosurgeons to take the right decision in patients undergoing epilepsy surgical procedure by delineating the epileptogenic area. This requires accurate classification of the EEG signals from different brain areas into focal and non-focal groups. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning based system utilizing a deep neural network to accurately analyze the non-stationary and nonlinear EEG signals. The presented method is based on training a deep convolutional autoencoder neural network in an unsupervised manner and then using the pre-trained encoder along with multi-layer perceptron for classification of the EEG signals into focal and non-focal. EEG feature extraction and classification are performed in a single automated system rather than extracting handcrafted features as in the previous work. The proposed approach leverages the convolutional autoencoder by reducing the features’ dimension and extracting the discriminative spatio-temporal features from the EEG signals. Experimental results show the ability of the proposed method to localize the epileptogenic area with an average accuracy of 93.2% using ten-fold cross validation strategy which is the highest among the state of the art.
NAV3, a Tumor Suppressor Gene, Is Decreased in Uterine Leiomyoma Tissue and Cells.

NAV 3 is a tumor suppressor of unknown function in leiomyomas. The objective of this study is to assess NAV3 expression and its potential role in human uterine leiomyomas. NAV3 protein expression was examined in patient leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial tissue samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NAV3 mRNA and protein expression was assessed in leuprolide acetate– and cetrorelix-treated cell line leiomyoma samples. RNAseq analysis of placebo-treated leiomyoma compared with myometrium demonstrated the presence of transcripts encoding for several neuronal proteins. For NAV3, RNA sequence analysis demonstrated decreased expression in leiomyoma as compared with myometrium (0.86 ± 0.03 fold). Presence of NAV3 mRNA was also decreased in leiomyoma surgical samples (0.43 fold ± 0.05, p = 0.026) compared with patient-matched myometrium. Confirmatory qRT-PCR results on immortalized leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines similarly demonstrated a decrease in expression of NAV3 in leiomyomas (0.28 ± 0.02, p = 0.00075). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in NAV 3 protein in leiomyomas (H-score 154.7 ± 6.2) as compared with myometrium (H-score; 312.5 ± 14.7, p < 0.0001). Leuprolide acetate–treated leiomyoma cells demonstrated an increase in NAV 3 mRNA expression (1.53 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001). Similarly, Western blot analysis on leuprolide-treated leiomyoma cells showed a non-significant increase in NAV 3 protein expression (1.26 ± 0.09, p = 0.063). NAV 3, a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers, is decreased in leiomyoma cells and tissue compared with myometrium, and increased by GnRH analog treatment, suggesting that NAV3 may mediate steroid hormone–independent leiomyoma regulation by GnRH analogs.
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in management of posterior capsule tear following blunt trauma: Case report and review of literature

Abstract Purpose To describe the diagnosis and management of a patient with rupture of the posterior capsule (PC) following blunt trauma to the left eye. Observation 68 year-old man presented with complaints of left eye pain, blurry vision and photophobia after getting hit in the left eye with a baseball. He was found to have a posterior capsule rupture, as well as mydriasis and zonular dialysis without formation of intumescent traumatic cataract. Femtosecond laser associated cataract surgery (FLACS) was performed to facilitate creation of an anterior capsulotomy and segmentation of the nucleus without additional strain on the posterior capsule, facilitating placement of a capsular tension ring segment and a 3-piece IOL in the sulcus. At three-month post-operative visit, his BCVA was 20/30 in the left eye with a well-centered IOL. Conclusions and Importance Isolated PC tear following high-speed blunt trauma is relatively rare and prior reports have managed these cases using standard phacoemulsification and IOL insertion. Our case highlights the advantages of using FLACS in management of traumatic PC tears and outlines modifications to this technique for such cases.
The Partisan Origins of Economic Perceptions in a Weak Party System: Evidence from South Korea

While political accountability requires that voters can form an accurate picture of government performance, public evaluations of government performance in established democracies are often distorted by partisan considerations. We test whether the same factors bias evaluations of government performance in a new democracy where partisanship is less stable and defined. This analysis estimates individual-level models of retrospective national economic evaluations in South Korea’s 2017 presidential election. South Korea has unstable party politics, low levels of party institutionalization, and high levels of public distrust in political parties. Yet even in this context we find that voters’ economic evaluations are significantly affected by political loyalties such as party identification. This endogeneity is sufficiently large that it results in aggregate consumer evaluations of the economy that systematically vary across regions depending upon the relationship of the president to that region. The findings confirm that party identification shapes citizen opinions even in a context where its effect would likely be weak.