cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced moment and shear recovery for classic beams and frames

Abstract From the early days of finite element analysis the numerical static condensation method has been applied to elements with internal nodes to reduce their memory requirements and to simplify their assembly. The static condensation method was first used by Wilson (1965) to eliminate the internal degrees of freedom in a quadrilateral finite element constructed from four triangles. This study applies modern symbolic analysis software to static condensation to reveal additional observations about its benefits and efficiency. It is shown that the stiffness matrix and force vector transformation matrices can be written in closed form for a given element type and used for more efficient post-processing. In addition, it is shown that the classic cubic beam and linear bar element matrices are the symbolic static condensation versions of the three node quintic beam and quadratic bar, respectively. That allows the cubic beam element to be easily post-processed to give cubic moment and quadratic moment and shear diagrams, respectively.
Prolonged central apnoea after intravenous morphine administration in a 12-year-old male with a UGT1A1 loss-of-function polymorphism

Adverse event Repeated and prolonged episodes of central apnoea and hypoxia after receiving intravenous morphine for analgesia and ketamine for sedation. Drug implicated Intravenous morphine sulfate. The patient Previously healthy 12-year-old male with no history of sleep apnoea who presented with distal tibia and fibula fracture. Evidence that links drug to event Pharmacogenomic testing revealed that the patient was homozygous for the T allele at the rs887829 SNP in UGT1A1, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of morphine. This polymorphism is a loss-of-function variant, leading to impaired metabolism of morphine. Mechanism Morphine is metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-2B7 and UGT1A1 to form its major metabolites morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Our patient was a poor metabolizer through UGT1A1, likely leading to increased respiratory depression as morphine has greater respiratory depressant effects compared to its metabolites. Implications When appropriate, physicians should enquire about prior receipt of opioids, in both the patient and family, to be better prepared for potential adverse reactions. In the patient with excessive sedation or respiratory depression to standard doses of morphine, genetic testing may be warranted, especially if there is a family or past history that supports a metabolic defect in morphine metabolism and/or excretion.
Alkyl Substituent Effect in the Deprotonation of Unsymmetrical Ketones

The effect of various degrees of alkyl substitution on the relative rates of deprotonation from the two distinct sites in several unsymmetrical ketones in the gas phase is examined. The infrared multiple photon activation of an appropriately deuterium-labeled alkoxide ion generates the ion−molecule complex for the half-reaction of the bimolecular proton transfer process between an alkyl anion and an unsymmetrical ketone with one deprotonation site selectively deuterated. The resulting products are enolate ions generated by the removal of either a deuteron or a proton and, thus, are distinguishable by mass. The measurement of the enolate ion product ratios, along with an independent measurement of the kinetic isotope effect, allowed the kinetic effect of the alkyl environment on the relative proton transfer rates to be determined. The primary and secondary isotope effects are also estimated from the enolate ion product ratios. By examining the magnitude of the kinetic alkyl effect, the primary isotope effe...
Improving Access to Lactation Consultation and Early Breast Milk Use in an Outborn NICU.

Introduction Increasing the use of breast milk in critically ill neonates is an important priority to improve neonatal care. Lactation consultants (LCs) educate mothers about evidence-based benefits of breast milk and provide technical support. LC support can lead to increased breastfeeding initiation. The project aim was to improve access to lactation services for mothers of patients admitted at <48 hours after birth to an exclusively outborn level III/IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The interventions included (1) implementation of an automatic electronic admission order for a lactation consult, (2) initiation of a daily lactation team notification, (3) assignment of a consistent NICU LC, and (4) targeted education. The percent of mothers who received lactation consults, the time to the first consultation, and the percent of patients receiving breast milk at 7 days of age were measured over 32 months and analyzed using statistical process control charts. Results The lactation consultation rate increased significantly from 74% to 88% with a shift in the mean by statistical process control chart analysis that was sustained over time. Concurrently, the time to first lactation consultation significantly decreased from hospital days 5 to 3.3, and variation decreased. Rates of breast milk use at 7 days of age also significantly increased from 75.6% to 89.6%. Conclusions Targeted quality improvement interventions led to an increased rate of lactation consultations, decreased time to first lactation consult, and increased rate of breast milk use at 7 days of age. These interventions could feasibly be implemented in similar referral NICU settings.
Management of Venous Sinus-Related Epidural Hematomas.

Background Epidural hematomas (EDHs) involving the venous sinuses are uncommon and carry the risk of hemorrhage or venous infarction. We report the largest case series for superior sagittal sinus− and transverse sinus−related EDHs including surgical and nonsurgical management. We compare our findings to the relevant literature. Methods A retrospective review of the EDH cases at our center was performed from 2013–2018. Patients were analyzed by surgical versus conservative management, outcomes, and complications. Results Of the 268 EDH patients identified, 32 involved the venous sinuses (23 supratentorial and 9 infratentorial). Ten of the patients had surgery, and 22 were managed conservatively. No surgical complications occurred, and all had a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 5 at follow-up. All of the nonsurgical patients had a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5 at follow-up except for 1 patient with prior disability. The literature search resulted in 39 infratentorial and 47 supratentorial EDHs involving venous sinuses. Conclusions Surgical and nonsurgical management of EDHs involving the venous sinuses are both viable options with good outcomes. Surgical intervention is based on location, size, neurologic examination, expansion on serial imaging, and vascular imaging findings. Surgery has the potential for significant complications, but all surgical patients in our series had good outcomes at follow-up. Similarly, nonsurgically managed patients had good outcomes and our overall series demonstrates better outcomes with fewer complications than other similar series in the literature.
Identification of Localized Damage in Structures Using Highly Incomplete Modal Information

The objective of this paper is to provide a new theoretical basis to localize and quantify sparse damage in a structure based on highly incomplete modal information. Although a large number of papers have been written on the subject, this paper offers a new perspective on the problem by proposing the L-1 norm minimization criteria, in contrast to the more traditional L-2 (Euclidean) norm minimization criterion. The proposed L-1 norm approach enables accurate and robust examination of a number of potential damage locations much larger than the number of frequencies used in the formulation of the modal sensitivity matrix. In addition, it is shown that L-1 minimization leads to sparse solutions, this is in contrast with the L-2 criteria, which leads to disperse solutions. The computational effort necessary to solve the L-1 optimization is significantly larger than in the traditional Euclidean norm and requires the use of convex optimization algorithms. However, given the results that can be obtained, the computational effort is justified. The efficacy of the proposed framework is demonstrated in detecting sparse damage in a simulated 21 degree of freedom shear building structure.
Smoking Cessation Considerations for People with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Comprehensive care of people with multiple sclerosis integrates disease modifying therapy, symptom management and minimization of risk factors for disease progression. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor associated with development and progression of disease and increased disability. However, little is known about specific factors that affect smoking cessation in patients with multiple sclerosis or how to integrate smoking cessation into specialized multiple sclerosis care. Methods: Twenty-nine active smokers with multiple sclerosis were surveyed at the James Q. Miller Multiple Sclerosis clinic at the University of Virginia Health. Demographics, smoking history, multiple sclerosis history, interest in quitting, barriers to quitting and cessation modalities of interest were collected, specifically interest in working with a clinical pharmacist for cessation. Results: Seventy-six percent of individuals believed that there was no relationship between smoking and MS diagnosis and 52% were unaware of any relationship between smoking and disease progression. Less than half of patients (41%) reported receiving counseling from a primary care physician or neurologist about the importance of smoking cessation. Common barriers to quitting included enjoyment of smoking (76%) and cravings (55%). Seventy-six percent of patients expressed interest in utilizing pharmacotherapy and 37% were interested in working closely with a clinical pharmacist. Conclusions: It is critical that providers caring for patients with multiple sclerosis assess smoking status and educate smokers about the relationship between smoking and disease progression. Efforts should be made to better understand patient-specific barriers to quitting and preferred methods of treatment, including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy. A multidisciplinary approach to smoking cessation that includes a clinical pharmacist may aid in the development of individualized care plans with frequent monitoring to improve patient success. Article Type: Case Study
Anderson, David A. Freedom of the Press, 80 Texas L. Rev. 429 (2002)

I don’t think we’ve ever met, but I owe a lot to David Anderson.Sometime in early 2003, I was invited to take part in an ambitious undertaking organized by the Annenberg Foundation Trust at Sunnyla...
Hitler: A Life

Even for those of us who know full well that historical interpretations are always subject to change, it is perhaps not unwarranted to ask whether we really need another book about Hitler. After al...
High-Stability Polyimide-based Flexible Electrodes with IrOx to Interface the Mouse Vagus Nerve

ObjectiveWe developed robust and cost-effective cuff Flex electrodes to facilitate bioelectronic medicine research in mouse models. They utilize polyimide (PI) as a dielectric insulation and iridium oxide (IrOx) for the electrodes, and are designed to interface small autonomic and somatic nerves (e.g. mouse vagus nerve). ApproachFlex electrodes were made using micro-fabrication technology, and innovative integration processes were developed to enable reliable acute and chronic vagus nerve interfaces. The electrochemical properties of Flex electrodes were characterized. Moreover, accelerated aging at 57 {degrees}C and stimulation-stability (Stim-Stab) testing (109 pulses at [~] 1.59 mC/cm2/phase) were performed to evaluate the lifetime of the PI encapsulation and IrOx electrodes, respectively. Flex electrodes efficacy was demonstrated by stimulating the mouse vagus nerve ([~]100 {micro}m) and measuring heart and respiratory rate changes as biomarkers. ResultsCost effective and robust lead and connector integration strategies were demonstrated, including small helical leads that improved the lead elongation by > 7x. PI encapsulation had stable impedance spectra for at least 336 days for interdigitated electrodes. Stim-Stab testing using an aggressive paradigm and rigorous optical and electrical characterization, revealed that half of electrodes showed less than minor damage at the endpoints. A trend of decreasing respiratory rate with stimulation current reached statistical significance at 500 {micro}A, demonstrating efficacy for Flex electrodes. SignificanceFlex electrodes offer demonstrated efficacy, low impedance (443 {+/-} 32 {Omega} at 103 Hz), excellent bench test stability, and cost-effective fabrication. Acute devices are easy to integrate, and mechanically robust chronic devices will be investigated in vivo in future studies. These characteristics make the electrodes well-positioned to advance bioelectronics medicine research by 1) enabling reliable studies with statistically relevant populations of acute mouse models, and 2) offering the potential for a technology that can be used in chronic studies, which scales to very small nerves.
High Return to Sport in Patients Over 45 Years of Age Undergoing Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Isolated Chondral Defects in the Knee.

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of osteochondral allograft (OCA) in patients older than 45 years of age, particularly with respect to return to sport.Design:A retro...
Selective electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane mediated by Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ and its chemical stability

Efficient conversion of methane to value-added products such as olefins and aromatics has been in pursuit for the past few decades. The demand has increased further due to the recent discoveries of shale gas reserves. Oxidative and non-oxidative coupling of methane (OCM and NOCM) have been actively researched, although catalysts with commercially viable conversion rates are not yet available. Recently, $${{{{{{{\mathrm{Sr}}}}}}}}_2Fe_{1.5 + 0.075}Mo_{0.5}O_{6 - \delta }$$ (SFMO-075Fe) has been reported to activate methane in an electrochemical OCM (EC-OCM) set up with a C2 selectivity of 82.2%1. However, alkaline earth metal-based materials are known to suffer chemical instability in carbon-rich environments. Hence, here we evaluated the chemical stability of SFMO in carbon-rich conditions with varying oxygen concentrations at temperatures relevant for EC-OCM. SFMO-075Fe showed good methane activation properties especially at low overpotentials but suffered poor chemical stability as observed via thermogravimetric, powder XRD, and XPS measurements where SrCO3 was observed to be a major decomposition product along with SrMoO3 and MoC. Nevertheless, our study demonstrates that electrochemical methods could be used to selectively activate methane towards partial oxidation products such as ethylene at low overpotentials while higher applied biases result in the complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide and water. Catalytic conversion of methane to ethene is limited by poor conversion, selectivity, and catalyst stability. Here a solid oxide electrolysis process is reported as a promising method for selective, partial oxidation of methane with low overpotentials.
Phosphorylation of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin by Streptomyces. Enzymatic synthesis of different diphosphorylated derivatives.

Abstract Extracts of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 10971, which does not secrete streptomycin, contain a labile kinase which phosphorylates the N-methyl-l-glucosamine moieties of streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, and 3'-deoxydihydrostreptomycin, with adenosine 5'-triphosphate as the phosphate donor. Periodate degradation studies indicate that phosphate is esterified with the 3''-hydroxyl group. Diphosphorylated derivatives with phosphate also esterified at position 6 of the streptidine moiety can be synthesized by utilizing streptomycin streptidinokinase. Streptomycin 6-phosphate phosphatase, acting on these diphosphates, removes phosphate rapidly from position 6 and more slowly from position 3'' both phosphates are esterified with secondary hydroxyl groups adjacent to basic nitrogenous moieties. Extracts of S. bikiniensis ATCC 11062, and other streptomycin-secreting strains, contain a different labile kinase, which cannot phosphorylate streptomycin derivatives containing a 3'-α-aldehyde group. This kinase phosphorylates the dihydrostreptobiosamine moieties of dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate and 3'-deoxydihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate, with adenosine 5'-triphosphate as the phosphate donor. Lability of the kinase precludes separation from the stable streptidinokinase present in these extracts, so diphosphorylated derivatives are formed. Streptomycin 6-phosphate phosphatase removes phosphate only from position 6 of these diphosphorylated derivatives. Substrate specificity studies thus suggest that the 3'-α-hydroxymethyl group is the site of phosphorylation by the labile S. bikiniensis kinase. Triphosphorylated derivatives of dihydrostreptomycin could not be prepared enzymatically. Diphosphorylated derivatives could be prepared only if one phosphate were at position 6 of the streptidine moiety. Methods of synthesizing and distinguishing various phosphorylated derivatives of streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, and 3'-deoxydihydrostreptomycin are described.
Optical rotatory dispersion and absolute configuration—III

Abstract Optical rotatory dispersion measurements on pyrrolidine, piperidine, and tetrahydro-isoquinoline alkaloids indicate that the absolute configuration of the α-asymmetric center may be assigned directly from the dispersion curve, provided either that the nitrogen atom is not protonated, or that the compound contains a chromophore absorbing above 200 mμ.
Effect of Dietary Amino Acids on Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Charging Levels in Rat Liver

In order to examine the mechanism of the effect of dietary amino acids on hepatic polysome aggregation and protein synthesis, tRNA charging levels (tRNA acylated with amino acids) were measured in the livers of rats meal-fed (trained to eat for 2 hours/day) a 15% casein diet at the high and low point of polysome aggregation, and of meal-fed and control-fed (ad libitum feeding from 1800 to 0800 hours) rats fed an isoleucine deficient diet. The charging levels of tRNAs for two of the amino acids tested, namely isoleucine and phenylalanine, did not drop with the diurnal changes that occur in polysome aggregation, whereas, the feeding of an isoleucine deficient diet resulted in a 25% decrease in the ile-tRNA charging levels. Although it is not clear how amino acid supply regulates polysome aggregation and protein synthesis, it would not appear to be mediated via a decrease in tRNA charging levels.
The Design and Development of Resource-Sharing Services in Computer Communications Networks: A Survey

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the definition, design, and implementation of resource-sharing services in computer communications networks. Computer communications networks are made up of two components: the individual host computers and the sub-network enabling these hosts to communicate with each other and with local or remote users. The chapter describes three types of resource-sharing services that must be supplied by a centralized network operating system: data management, job execution, and user communication. These three essential resource-sharing services require support systems for their effective implementation. The chapter discusses network operating system (NOS) characteristics and required design features. The primary characteristics of the NOS are robustness and modular expansibility. Primary design considerations include conceptualization of an underlying network model and the mode of implementation of the model. Various network models have been proposed and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The implementation problems for two types of master-slave models are compared. The chapter also explains the global support modules and application-dependent modules.
Hysteretic inhibition of the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase is due to saturation of noncatalytic sites with ADP which blocks activation of the enzyme by ATP

Prior incubation of the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase depleted of endogenous nucleotides (nd-MF1) with saturating ADP in the presence or absence of Mg2+ induces inhibition of hydrolysis of 2 mM ATP or ITP. After incubation of nd-MF1 with free ADP, inhibition develops hysteretically which is characterized by an uninhibited initial rate which decelerates to an inhibited, steady-state rate. When prior incubation of nd-MF1 is performed with ADP in the presence of Mg2+, the enzyme is partially inhibited when diluted into assay medium and more extensive inhibition develops hysteretically during turnover. Correlation of binding of [14C]ADP, in the presence or absence of Mg2+, with the extent of hysteretic inhibition induced suggests that maximal inhibition occurs when at least two noncatalytic sites are filled with ADP. Hysteretic inhibition is also induced by prior incubation of the enzyme with 2-N3-ADP. Prior incubation of nd-MF1 with increasing concentrations of 2-N3-[beta-32P]ADP, in the presence or absence of Mg2+, increases the extent of induced inhibition which correlates with increasing derivatization of tyrosine beta 368 following irradiation of loaded enzyme. This demonstrates that binding of ADP to noncatalytic sites is, in part, responsible for induction of hysteretic inhibition. After inducing inhibition by prior incubation with ADP, the steady-state kinetic behavior of nd-MF1 differs from that of uninhibited enzyme. Lineweaver-Burk plots of steady-state rates of inhibited enzyme as a function of ATP concentration are linear rather than biphasic which is observed for uninhibited enzyme. The composite results suggest that prior saturation of noncatalytic sites of nd-MF1 with ADP prevents activation of the enzyme by blocking the binding of ATP to these sites which is necessary to promote dissociation of inhibitory MgADP from a catalytic site.
A variable step-size adaptive noise canceller using signal to noise ratio as the controlling factor

This paper introduces an adaptive noise canceller (ANC) using a proposed variable step size least mean-square (LMS) algorithm. The step size varies between two hard limits based on a predetermined nonlinear decreasing function of signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimated at every iteration of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is studied for different power levels of both stationary and nonstationary Gaussian noise added to the original speech. Compared with other several variable step size algorithms, computer simulations show performance superiority of the proposed algorithm in decreasing excess mean square error (EMSE) in both stationary and nonstationary noise environments. Simulations of the proposed method also show substantial improvements in decreasing misadjustment and reverberation.
Women at the Center: Life in a Modern Matriarchy

Women at the Center: Life in. Modern Matriarchy. Peggy Reeves Sanday. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002. xv + 270 pp.
The impact of U.S. family planning programs on births, abortions and miscarriages, 1970–1979

Abstract This paper estimates births (as well as total pregnancies, abortions and miscarriages) averted by program enrollment during the 1970s based not on the common assumption of constant program impact on birth rates, but on assumptions that take into account the changing use of abortion. Estimates of births averted from two national studies are translated into estimates of unintended pregnancies averted and projections of program impact throughout the decade are made assuming constant program impact on pregnancy rates. The number of pregnancies averted is broken into births, abortions and miscarriages averted based on actual distribution of those unintended pregnancies that did occur each year. This methodology is more appropriate to the United States or any other country during a time period when use of abortion has been changing. It also focuses attention on the fact that births averted reflect only part of the program's impact and that much of the program's effect is on averting abortions. During the decade, an estimated 5,434,000 unintended pregnancies were averted by enrollment in the family planning program. In 1979, 4,486,000 women were enrolled in family planning clinics. An estimated 792,000 unintended pregnancies were averted as a direct result, 1 for every 5.7 patients. The 274,000 averted births would have increased the number of births in 1980 in the U.S. from 3,872,000, an increase of 8%. The estimated 420,000 abortions averted would have increased abortions in the U.S. about 25% higher, to about 2,000,000.
Specific roles for the GATA transcription factors end-1 and end-3 during C. elegans E-lineage development.

end-1 and end-3 are GATA transcription factors important for specifying endoderm cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans. Deletion of both factors together results in larval arrest, 0% survival and a fate change in the endoderm-specifying E lineage. Individual deletions of either factor, however, result in the development of viable, fertile adults, with 100% of worms developing to adults for end-1(−) and 95% for end-3(−). We sought to quantify the variable phenotypes seen in both deletions using automated cell lineaging. We quantified defects in cell lifetime, cell movement and division axis in end-3(−) embryos, while quantifying perturbations in downstream reporter gene expression in strains with homozygous deletions for either gene, showing that each deletion leads to a unique profile of downstream perturbations in gene expression and cellular phenotypes with a high correlation between early and late defects. Combining observations in both cellular and gene expression defects we found that misaligned divisions at the E2 stage resulted in ectopic expression of the Notch target ref-1 in end-3(−) embryos. Using a maximum likelihood phylogenetic approach we found end-1 and end-3 split to form two distinct clades within the Caenorhabditis lineage with distinct DNA-binding structures. These results indicate that end-1 and end-3 have each evolved into genes with unique functions during endoderm development, that end-3(−) embryos have a delay in the onset of E lineage cell fate and that end-1 has only a partially penetrant ability to activate E lineage fate.
Measurements of hard x-ray emission from runaway electrons in DIII-D

The spatial distribution of runaway electron (RE) strikes to the wall during argon pellet-initiated rapid shutdown of diverted and limited plasma shapes in DIII-D is studied using a new array of hard x-ray (HXR) scintillators. Two plasma configurations were investigated: an elongated diverted H-mode and a low-elongation limited L-mode. HXR emission from MeV level REs generated during the argon pellet injection is observed during the thermal quench (TQ) in diverted discharges from REs lost into the divertor. In limiter discharges, this prompt TQ loss is reduced, suggesting improved TQ confinement of REs in this configuration. During the plateau phase when the plasma current is carried by REs, toroidally symmetric HXR emission from remaining confined REs is seen. Transient HXR bursts during this RE current plateau suggest the presence of a small level of wall losses due to the presence of an unidentified instability. Eventually, an abrupt final loss of the remaining RE current occurs. This final loss HXR emission shows a strong toroidal peaking and a consistent spatiotemporal evolution that suggests the development of a kink instability.
An Investigation of Relations Among Quality of Life and Individual Facets of Emotional Awareness and Mindfulness

The current study examined relations among individual facets of emotional awareness and mindfulness, and associations between these facets and quality of life. Facets of emotional awareness include: Attention to emotions, Understanding of type, Understanding of source, Negative differentiation, and Positive differentiation. Facets of mindfulness include: Observing, Describing, Acting with awareness, Non-judgment, and Non-reactivity. Among a college student sample (n = 979), we found that: (a) emotional awareness facets and mindfulness facets were consistently, moderately associated; and (b) Understanding of type, Positive differentiation, Describing, Acting with Awareness, Non-judgment, and Non-reactivity incrementally predicted quality of life when accounting for variance shared between them. Results suggest that emotional awareness and mindfulness facets are inter-dependent and generally contribute to quality of life in associated, but non-redundant ways.
Using the MMFF94 model to predict structures and energies for hydrogen-bonded urea–anion complexes

Abstract The performance of the MMFF94 model has been compared with density functional theory (B3LYP/DZVP2) in calculation of hydrogen-bonded complexes of urea with three differently shaped Cl−, NO 3 − , and ClO 4 − anions. After modification of selected van der Waals parameters, good agreement between the two methods was obtained for geometric parameters and relative conformational energies. Absolute values of MMFF94 binding energies are underestimated, but application of a systematic correction yields binding energies that are within ±1 kcal/mol of B3LYP/DZVP2 values.
Stress and Burnout in Rural and Urban Secondary School Teachers

Sources of stress and symptoms of burnout were examined in 51 rural and 46 urban secondary school teachers from 11 school systems in Georgia and North Carolina. Urban school teachers experienced significantly more stress from poor working conditions and poor staff relations than did rural school teachers. Stress from pupil misbehavior and time pressures was significantly greater than stress from poor working conditions and poor staff relations for both rural and urban school teachers. Poor working conditions and time pressures predicted burnout for rural school teachers; pupil misbehavior and poor working conditions predicted burnout for urban school teachers. Results were discussed in relation to designing effective programs to prevent negative effects of stress and burnout.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues

Between 1944 and 1984 16 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral soft tissues were treated at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Before 1968 treatment consisted only of surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used when surgery was impossible or in an effort to treat recurrent disease. After 1968 treatment design was multidisciplinary and included (excision) biopsy, followed by a combination of high-dose radiotherapy and multidrug chemotherapy. Of the six patients treated before 1968, five (83%) died of disease. In eight of the ten patients treated after 1968, follow-up was 4 years or more. Of these eight patients, seven (87.5%) are free of disease. The clinicopathologic aspects, treatment, complications of treatment, and survival figures are discussed.
The Best Year of Their Lives: Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon in 1948: Learning the Secrets of Power – Lance Morrow

Like the 1946 Oscar‐winning film, “The Best Years of Our Lives,” a story of three soldiers returning home from World War II to face difficult adjustments, this author's book is misnamed. The vetera...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging of White Matter and Developmental Outcome

MRI of the brain has become a valuable tool for determining the cause of cerebral palsy (CP) in patients as well as for research on the diverse mechanisms that are responsible for its pathogenesis.1 MRI is far superior to other forms of brain imaging, such as computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning, for evaluating patients with CP, because it dramatically enhances the contrast between white and gray matter. The multicenter European Cerebral Palsy Study reported that 88% of 351 children with CP imaged at a mean age of 38 months had lesions that appeared on MRI.2 These included 43% with white matter damage associated with immaturity, 13% with basal ganglia damage, 9% with malformations, 9% with cortical damage, and 7% with focal infarcts. MRI evidence of white matter injury was strongly associated with spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, whereas lesions in the basal ganglia or focal infarcts were associated with the dystonic or hemiplegic forms of CP, respectively. Eighty percent of the children with white matter injury were born prematurely before 34 weeks' gestation. Although the rest of the children with white matter injury were born later in … Address correspondence to Michael V. Johnston, MD, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: johnston{at}kennedykrieger.org
Survival and Hatching of Walleye Eggs at Various Dissolved Oxygen Levels

(1971). Survival and Hatching of Walleye Eggs at Various Dissolved Oxygen Levels. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 81-85.
Production, Decays and Forward Backward Asymmetries of Extra Gauge Bosons in $E(6)$

We consider the Drell-Yan production of an extra Z boson from the E/sub 6/ electroweak gauge group in pp-bar and pp colliders. If there is only one extra Z at electroweak energies, it may be a mixture of the two extra U(1) groups in E/sub 6/. We discuss how to determine this mixing by examining the extra-Z-boson couplings to fermions through its decay modes and ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ forward-backward asymmetries. We also discuss different mass scales of the exotic fermions present in the 27 representations of E/sub 6/.
Can we improve upon the International Index

The heterogeneity in outcomes in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has prompted the development of clinical prognostic factor models which identify patients with different likelihoods of being cured of their disease. However, these clinical prognostic factor models are based on clinical features that are, in large part, surrogate variables for the biological heterogeneity of the disease. This review summarizes the development of clinical prognostic factor models and discusses some of the more recently described cellular and molecular features that may contribute to the biologic heterogeneity of aggressive NHL.
Predictability of the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies in the GFDL coupled model

[1] We explore the predictability of the sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole/Zonal Mode (IODZM) at a three-season lead, within the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled general circulation model (CGCM). In both control simulations and retrospective forecasts of the 1990's in the CGCM, we find that the occurrence of some IODZM events is preconditioned by oceanic conditions and potentially predictable three seasons in advance, while other IODZM events appear to be triggered by weather noise and have low predictability. The results highlight the necessity for future studies to distinguish periods when the IODZM is more or less predictable and search for its precursory pattern in the ocean.
MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE PERFORMANCE IN RATS: A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY?

Three rats had previously acquired a simultaneous matching-to-sample performance with steady and blinking lights. In training, the sample stimulus had always appeared on the middle of three horizontally arranged keys with the comparison stimuli on the side keys. In Experiment 1, the sample stimulus appeared on any of the three keys with the comparison stimuli on the remaining two. The matching-to-sample performance broke down with variable sample and comparison locations; the sample stimulus did not control responding to the comparison stimuli when it appeared on a side key, but it retained control when it appeared on the middle key (as in training). In Experiment 2, the rats were trained with the sample always on the left key. When the sample appeared on either of the trained locations (left or middle key), it retained control for both locations. When the sample then appeared on any of the three keys, as in Experiment 1, sample control did not transfer to the untrained location (right key). The experiments demonstrate that training with fixed sample and comparison locations may establish spatial location as an additional controlling aspect of the stimuli displayed on the keys; stimulus location had become part of the definition of the controlling stimuli. The rats’ performance seemed best described as specific discriminations involving the visual stimuli and their spatial locations rather than as identity matching.
Regulation of the expression of enzymes involved in the replication of DNA in chemically-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells

Abstract The expression of seven enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of DNA was measured in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells treated with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to gain information on their role in the termination of proliferation in cells undergoing granulocytic differentiation. The steady-state levels of the mRNAs for topoisomerase I, topoisomerase II, DNA polymerase-α, thymidylate synthase, thymidine kinase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase progressively declined from day 3 to day 7 of exposure to the polar solvent or the retinoid suggesting that the expression of these enzymes is coordinately regulated. In contrast, a pronounced difference between the two inducers of differentiation occurred in the expression of the mRNA of the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, with DMSO causing virtually complete inhibition of the expression of the M2 subunit of the enzyme from day 5 through day 7, with no change in the steady-state levels of the mRNA being produced by retinoic acid. Measurement of the enzymatic activities of two of these catalysts, thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase, in cells exposed to the two inducers of maturation corroborated the findings at the level of the mRNAs, with corresponding decreases in the activity of these enzymes. The findings collectively demonstrate that the down-regulation of the expression of a relatively wide variety of enzymes involved in DNA replication occurs as late events in the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells, ensuring that cellular replication cannot occur in terminally differentiated cells.
Corrected end-tidal carbon monoxide closely correlates with the corrected reticulocyte count in coombs' test-positive term neonates.

Objective. To evaluate clinical usefulness of corrected end-tidal carbon monoxide (ETCOc) measurements in healthy, term, Coombs’ test-positive neonates and correlate it to the corrected reticulocyte count (RC). Methods. ETCOc and RC were determined (at 36 ± 12 hours of age) in 50 Coombs’ test-positive neonates and compared with the ETCOc values of 50 Coombs’ test-negative neonates. Results. Fifty percent of Coombs’ test-positive infants had RCs 8% and ETCOc = 4.52 ± 0.83 ppm. There was an almost linear correlation ( r = 0.86) between the RC and the ETCOc among Coombs’ test-positive infants. The 50 Coombs’ test-negative infants had ETCOc = 1.6 ± 0.45 ppm. Serial ETCOc measurements were performed in 14 Coombs’ test-positive infants: in all but 1 infant ETCOc values declined over time. Conclusions. There is a good correlation between ETCOc and RC in Coombs’ test-positive infants. ETCOc >2.5 ppm predicts a significant elevation of RC in 90% of Coombs’ test-positive infants.
Rethinking Third-Party Interventions into Civil Wars: An Actor-Centric Approach

Studies of the decision to intervene into ongoing civil wars should focus on those making the decision, not the conflict. We adopt such an “actor-centric” approach and discuss third-party intervention by emphasizing convergent and divergent interests and the connections between potential interveners, actual interveners, and civil war states. Our model furthermore differentiates between interventions on the side of the government and opposition and takes the sequence of interventions in the same conflict into account. The results from estimation of a mixture cure survival model support our theoretical framework and expectations. This paper thus advances our understanding not only of the effects of intervention, but also the motivation and decision to intervene.
The physical basis of type 4 pilus-mediated microcolony formation by Vibrio cholerae O1

Abstract The Vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP) is a type 4b pilus that mediates bacterial microcolony formation, which is essential for intestinal colonization. Structural analyses have defined a surface domain of the TcpA pilin subunit that is displayed repeatedly around the pilus filament surface and forms the molecular basis for pilus–pilus interactions required for microcolony formation. The physical attributes of this domain that lead to pilus–pilus association between bacteria are not known. Mutational analysis has revealed alterations within this domain that allow pilus–pilus interactions among pili expressed by individual bacteria, but do not allow pilus–pilus mediated association between bacteria. We characterized these altered strains using conventional microscopy, as well as three-dimensional high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), to reveal the physical difference between nonproductive and productive pilus associations that lead to interactions among multiple bacteria and result in microcolony formation. These findings pave the way towards investigation of the biophysical parameters involved in this basic bacterial property that promotes colonization of intestinal and other biological surfaces.
Almost-Delaunay simplices: Robust neighbor relations for imprecise 3D points using CGAL

This paper describes a new computational geometry technique, almost-Delaunay simplices, that was implemented for 3D points using CGAL. Almost-Delaunay simplices capture possible sets of Delaunay neighbors in the presence of a bounded perturbation, and give a framework for nearest neighbor analysis in imprecise point sets such as protein structures. The use of CGAL helps us tune our implementation so that it is reasonably fast and also performs robust computation for all inputs, and also lets us distribute our technique to potential users in a portable, reusable and extensible form. The implementation, available on http://www.cs.unc.edu/~debug/software is faster and more memory efficient than our prototype MATLAB implementation, and enables us to scale our neighbor analysis to large sets of protein structures, each with 100-3000 residues.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Protein Folding: An Evolutionary Perspective

This article appeals to an evolutionary model which postulates that primordial proteins were described by small polypeptide chains which (i) lack disulfide bridges, and (ii) display slow folding rates with multi-state kinetics, to determine relations between structural properties of proteins and their folding kinetics. We parameterize the energy landscape of proteins in terms of thermodynamic activation variables. The model studies evolutionary changes in these thermodynamic parameters, and we invoke relations between these activation variables and structural properties of the protein to predict the following correspondence between protein structure and folding kinetics. 1. Proteins with inter- and intra-chain disulfide bridges: large variability in both folding rates and stability of intermediates, multi-state kinetics. 2. Proteins which lack inter and intra-chain disulfide bridges. 2.1 Single-domain chains: fast folding rates; unstable intermediates; two-state kinetics. 2.2 Multi-domain monomers: intermediate rates; metastable intermediates; multi-state kinetics. 2.3 Multi-domain oligomers: slow rates; metastable intermediates; multi-state kinetics. The evolutionary model thus provides a kinetic characterization of one important subfamily of proteins which we describe by the following properties: Folding dynamics of single-domain proteins which lack disulfide bridges are described by two-state kinetics. Folding rate of this class of proteins is positively correlated with the thermodynamic stability of the folded state.
Neurological aspects of the Angelman syndrome

Angelman syndrome (AS) has emerged as an important neurogenetic syndrome due to its relatively high prevalence and easier confirmation of the diagnosis by improved genetic testing. In infancy, nonspecific clinical features of AS pose diagnostic challenges to the neurologist and these include any combination of microcephaly, seizure disorder, global developmental delay or an ataxic/hypotonic cerebral palsy-like picture. In later childhood, however, absent speech, excessively happy behavior, ataxia and jerky movements usually present as a recognizable clinical syndrome. Brain MRI shows nonspecific or normal findings but occasionally the characteristic EEG patterns alone can lead to the correct diagnosis. The physical, clinical and behavioral aspects appear to be attributable to localized CNS dysfunction of the ubiquitin ligase gene, UBE3A, located at 15q11.2. In certain brain regions, UBE3A normally has mono-allelic expression from the maternally derived chromosome 15. Several distinct genetic mechanisms can inactivate or disrupt the maternally derived UBE3A: chromosome microdeletions, paternal uniparental disomy, imprinting defects and intragenic UBE3A mutations. Those with the deletion type of AS are the most prevalent (about 70% of cases) and appear to have a more severe clinical phenotype. The unique epileptic patterns and distinct behavioral features may be related to multiple actions of UBE3A, possibly occurring during, as well as after, the time of neuronal development.
Psychosocial impact of onychomycosis: a review

Onychomycosis (tinea unguium) is the most common nail disorder. Nonetheless, it requires lengthy, often ineffective treatments, and recurrence is frequent. Predominantly a disease of the elderly, onychomycosis is becoming more and more common. Besides interfering with normal nail function, fungal nail infections are relatively painful, unsightly in appearance, disrupt daily activities, and have a negative psychosocial connotation. Commonly reported psychosocial factors are embarrassment, low self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Yet advances in therapy have been achieved since these reports were made, and many of these treatment options have proven to be more effective. Thus, the impact of these advances on psychosocial well-being of patients with onychomycosis is worth analyzing. The objective of this paper is to review studies that investigated the psychosocial impact of onychomycosis on a variety of patient populations. An alternative, total patient approach that dermatologists and general practitioners alike could use to incorporate patients' psychosocial well-being into the holistic management of onychomycosis will also be discussed.
Concomitant Chemoradiation Using Weekly Carboplatin/Paclitaxel With or Without Daily Subcutaneous Amifostine in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

R. Haddad, M. Posner, L. Wirth, S. Sonis, L. Goguen, C. Norris, C. Sullivan, L. Weeks, R. Costello, R. Tishler Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber cancer Institute, Boston, MA
The Developmental Antecedents and Adult Adaptations of Rapist Subtypes

A sample of 108 rapists determined to be sexually dangerous and committed to a facility designed for the treatment of sexual offenders were classified according to a taxonomic system into one of fo...