cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of respiratory chain Complex III irreversibly changes the mitochondria proteomic landscape

The role of mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is currently well-recognized. However, the particular mechanisms and the type of mitochondrial dysfunction are still being debated. We have recently shown that chronic inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by Antimycin A (AA) results in increased pulmonary pressure and remodeled pulmonary arteries. AA (0.35mg/kg) was given to rats three times during first six days and lungs were analyzed 30 minutes (acute effect), 12 and 24 days (chronic effect) after the first AA injection. Mitochondria isolated from lungs were subjected to mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomic analysis to estimate changes in the isolated mitochondrial proteome over the course of disease development. Using a 4-fold change cutoff value, 48 mitochondrial proteins were discovered to be altered upon AA treatment, with 13 proteins exhibiting a significant difference. Our data indicate that proteomic data with applied 4-fold cutoff can completely distinguish between the control and 24-day groups using principal component analysis. Functional analysis of the proteome data revealed major downregulation of enzymes involved in fatty acids oxidation(ACDSB,HADH) and fatty acids transport(CPT1, ACSM5). Electron transport chain proteins showed mixed results with downregulation of Complex IV (COX1/2), altered Complex I subunits(NU4/5M) and assembly protein expression(NDUF4), and upregulation of ubiquinone biosynthesis (COQ3/7). Activation of ubiquinone biosynthesis could be explained as compensation for inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by AA. Mitochondrial machinery for importing proteins into the matrix(TIM9/10/13) was upregulated, but peptidases(LON,MPPA) that control the quality of matrix proteins were downregulated. Finally, proteins that regulate mitochondria morphology(MIRO2, PGAM5,TMM11) and degradation pathways (MIEAP,BCL2) were altered. Collectively, our data indicate that chronic inhibition of the respiratory chain for six days leads to irreversible changes in the proteomic landscape of mitochondria. These changes reprogram mitochondria to a different metabolic state and altered morphology that have been found in various models of PH and PH patients.
Leveraging Past References for Robust Language Grounding

Grounding referring expressions to objects in an environment has traditionally been considered a one-off, ahistorical task. However, in realistic applications of grounding, multiple users will repeatedly refer to the same set of objects. As a result, past referring expressions for objects can provide strong signals for grounding subsequent referring expressions. We therefore reframe the grounding problem from the perspective of coreference detection and propose a neural network that detects when two expressions are referring to the same object. The network combines information from vision and past referring expressions to resolve which object is being referred to. Our experiments show that detecting referring expression coreference is an effective way to ground objects described by subtle visual properties, which standard visual grounding models have difficulty capturing. We also show the ability to detect object coreference allows the grounding model to perform well even when it encounters object categories not seen in the training data.
Kinetics and Stereochemistry of Hydrogenation of 4-T-Butylmethylenecyclohexane Catalyzed by Hydridotetrakistriphenylphosphinerhodium (I)

The stereochemistry (ratio of cis/trans isomers) is related to the kinetics of the titled reaction. Variations in the hydrogen pressure cause the greatest change in the rate as well as in the stereochemistry and is attributed to changes in the dominant rate controlling elementary step. Applications to catalysis by metals are indicated.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON OUTCOMES AFTER LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSISTANCE DEVICE (LVAD) IMPLANTATION

Social support is considered a key factor that determines candidacy for LVADs. Few studies have examined its impact on clinical outcomes in a real-world population of patients receiving LVADs. We included INTERMACS patients who received an LVAD from 2008-2017 and excluded patients with missing data
Adipose Tissue-preserved Skin Grafts for Lower Extremity Defects: Recommendations to Optimize Outcomes

Adipose tissue-preserved skin grafts (ATPSGs) are full-thickness skin grafts with inclusion of a thin layer of adipose tissue. ATPSGs are recommended for reconstruction of anatomic areas that are cosmetically sensitive and for areas that functionally benefit from additional soft tissue thickness compared to traditional skin grafts. Careful intraoperative technique and postoperative care are mandatory for ATPSG success, given the expected higher metabolic demands compared to traditional grafts. A strict postoperative protocol is especially important after reconstruction of lower extremity defects. Methods Detailed descriptions of intraoperative and postoperative care for ATPSG reconstructions are provided. A case is presented displaying lower extremity reconstruction with an ATPSG. The intraoperative technique includes meticulous hemostasis of the recipient site, atraumatic handling of recipient skin edges, anatomical epidermal-to-epidermal reapproximation, avoidance of tissue strangulation during inset, and careful bolster placement. The postoperative protocol after lower extremity reconstruction includes strict elevation, non-weight-bearing status, and eventual dangle protocol. Results An 85-year-old woman was treated with an ATSG for a middle-third leg resection of squamous cell carcinoma resulting in a 9 × 5 cm defect. The strict postoperative protocol was initiated, but the patient was noncompliant with elevation and weight-bearing restrictions. She had postoperative congestion and epidermolysis that was treated with local wound care without need for additional surgery. Conclusions There are many benefits to ATPSG reconstruction when chosen for the appropriate candidate. The meticulous technique and strict adherence to the postoperative protocol are crucial when these reconstructions are performed. Detailed descriptions of intraoperative and postoperative recommendations to optimize outcomes after ATPSG are presented.
Gain‐of‐function mutation Met136Val in SCN8A may not be a common cause of trigeminal neuralgia

Background The Met136Val mutation in SCN8A was described in a case of trigeminal neuralgia but no frequency among affected individuals was provided. Methods Direct sequencing of 123 individuals diagnosed with classic trigeminal neuralgia was performed aimed to detect the Met136Val change. Results No cases of classical trigeminal neuralgia studied had the Met136Val mutation in SCN8A. Conclusion Met136Val mutation in SCN8A is not a frequent cause of classical trigeminal neuralgia.
The Personalistics of Recollection

This chapter presents my translation of a text authored by William Stern and originally published in 1930 in the German language Journal for Psychology and Physiology of the Sense Organs. In this work, Stern shows in rich detail the manner in which a quintessentially psychological phenomenon, recollection, is understood from a personalistic perspective. The development of recollective abilities during childhood is discussed extensively. The chapter is instructive not only with respect to the nature and developmental course of recollection specifically, but also as a model for the way in which personalistic thinking can be brought to bear on topics of theoretical importance in psychology generally.
A personal perspective on the role and efficacy of participation in Alcoholics Anonymous: an interview with a longtime member of AA: Interview conducted by

In the United States, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the best known and the longest running mutual aid group for persons who want to address their problems with drinking. Begun in 1935, it is a major...
Evaluación de la eficacia de las lengüetas en las tiras de la mascarilla autofiltrante para mejorar las técnicas de retirada adecuadas al mismo tiempo que se reduce la transmisión por contacto de los patógenos.

Las mascarillas respiratorias autofiltrantes (filtering facepiece respirators, FFR) N95 certificadas por el Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud Laborales (National Institute for Occupational Sa...
Host phenology regulates ecological and eco-evolutionary feedbacks underlying parasite-host demographic cycles

Parasite-host interactions can result in periodic population dynamics when parasites over-exploit host populations. The timing of host seasonal activity, or host phenology, determines the frequency and demographic impact of parasite-host interactions which may govern if the parasite can sufficiently over-exploit their hosts to drive population cycles. We describe a mathematical model of a monocyclic, obligate-killer parasite system with seasonal host activity to investigate the consequences of host phenology on host-parasite dynamics. The results suggest that parasites can reach the densities necessary to destabilize host dynamics and drive cycling in only some phenological scenarios, such as environments with short seasons and synchronous host emergence. Further, only parasite lineages that are sufficiently adapted to phenological scenarios with short seasons and synchronous host emergence can achieve the densities necessary to over-exploit hosts and produce population cycles. Host-parasite cycles can also generate an eco-evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation to the phenological environment as rare advantageous phenotypes are driven to extinction when introduced in phases of the cycle where host populations are small and parasite populations are large. The results demonstrate that seasonal environments can drive population cycling in a restricted set of phenological patterns and provides further evidence that the rate of adaptive evolution depends on underlying ecological dynamics.
Household income is associated with return to surgery following discectomy for far lateral disc herniation.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have demonstrated that household income is independently predictive of postsurgical morbidity and mortality, but few studies have elucidated this relationship in a purely spine surgery population. This study aims to correlate household income with adverse events after discectomy for far lateral disc herniation (FLDH). METHODS All adult patients (n = 144) who underwent FLDH surgery at a single, multihospital, 1659-bed university health system (2013-2020) were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between household income and adverse postsurgical events, including unplanned hospital readmissions, ED visits, and reoperations. RESULTS Mean age of the population was 61.72 ± 11.55 years. Mean household income was $78,283 ± 26,996; 69 (47.9%) were female; and 126 (87.5%) were non-Hispanic white. Ninety-two patients underwent open and fifty-two underwent endoscopic FLDH surgery. Each additional dollar decrease in household income was significantly associated with increased risk of reoperation of any kind within 90-days, but not 30-days, after the index admission. However, household income did not predict risk of readmission or ED visit within either 30-days or 30-90-days post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that household income may predict reoperation following FLDH surgery. Additional research is warranted into the relationship between household income and adverse neurosurgical outcomes.
Reduced alcohol use in patients prescribed pioglitazone.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently approved medications are moderately effective. Novel medications are needed to address AUD. Preliminary data suggests pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use. METHODS Veterans seen at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System, who were prescribed pioglitazone for diabetes between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016, were identified using a national VA database (N = 49). Further chart review was performed to identify all Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores prior to starting pioglitazone. Hierarchical Linear models were used to compare all AUDIT-C scores on and off pioglitazone and compare the change in AUDIT-C scores over time before and during pioglitazone was prescribed. AUDIT-C scores were nested within subject with fixed effects for pioglitazone and random intercept and slope for time. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were prescribed pioglitazone and had AUDIT-C scores of 3 or more. The estimated mean AUDIT-C score prior to receiving pioglitazone was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.51-4.44) and this was reduced to 2.89 (95% CI: 2.46-3.32), reflecting a significant change F(1, 323) = 43.3, p < .001 in the score. The primary reduction occurred within the first year of the pioglitazone prescription. This effect remained significant after controlling for age. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study of pioglitazone used in a clinical sample focused on alcohol use outcome. The data show that pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use in patients with heavy drinking. Clinical trials of pioglitazone are warranted in patients with AUD.
A Compact and Power-Efficient Noise Generator for Stochastic Simulations

This paper describes an adaptive noise generator circuit suitable for on-chip simulations of stochastic chemical kinetics. The circuit uses amplified BJT white noise and adaptive low-pass filtering to emulate the power spectrum and auto-correlation of random telegraph signals (RTS) with Poisson-distributed level transitions. A current-mode implementation in the IHP 0.25 µm BiCMOS process shows excellent agreement with theoretical results from the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm over a 60 dB range in mean current levels (modeling molecule count numbers). The circuit has an estimated layout area of 0.01 mm2 and typically consumes 100 µA, which are 10× and 8× better, respectively, than prior implementations.
The ALJ Fiasco--A Reprise

The subject of administrative hearing officers is once again on the agenda of federal regulatory reform. Several of the leading reform proposals in the Congress seek to improve the quality of administrative law judges (ALJs) by changing their virtual life tenure to a term appointment for seven or ten years, with reappointment conditional upon some minimal performance standard.' It is surely a sign of great progress that the debate should now center about so demanding a requirement as quality. The last time the subject of hearing officers attracted serious congressional attention, the issue was basic impartiality. When, in 1947, the Civil Service Commission was developing its rule regarding the qualifications of incumbent hearing officers to serve in the new "hearing examiner"2 positions established by the 1946 Administrative Procedure Act (APA),3 the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, supported by the American Bar Association, urged a vigorous campaign against ready acceptance of these individuals. He believed many of them to be "men of bias, of ideological preconceptions, of partisan fealty, of subservience to pressure groups, of habits of unfairness, of disregard of the true values and weight of evidence."4 What ensued, veteran administrative lawyers will recall, was what one commentator appropriately dubbed "The Hearing Examiner Fiasco Under the Administrative Procedure Act."5 To pass upon the qualifications of
Rapid Membrane Effects of Estrogen in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the status of rapid effects of estrogen on excitable cells. Estrogen exerts long-term effects in most target cells through regulation of gene transcription. However, it has been known for some time that estrogen can rapidly alter neuronal firing within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects could occur via nongenomic mechanisms. Although there is a growing body of evidence that the membrane receptor for estrogen is an isoform of estrogen receptor α or β that couples to G proteins and downstream effector systems, there is compelling evidence from both electrophysiological and biochemical data for another class of steroid receptors that are associated with membrane channels.
PROMOTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN BRAZIL: THE PROMISE AND THE CHALLENGE

Brazil is one of the few countries around the world that has recognized the important priority of physical activity promotion and has granted it a prominent place on the national agenda. The Brazilian government, along with other important non-governmental organizations and academic institutions, are working together to support research, practice, and policy for promoting physical activity. The Ministry of Health of Brazil has supported the creation of a national network of researchers and practitioners organized around the promotion and development of infrastructure that supports the adoption of healthy lifestyles, including the practice of community based physical activity 1 . One of the most recent groundbreaking initiatives is the creation of the Academia da Saude, a national program that expands a physical activity intervention to 4,000 new municipalities around the country over the next 5 years 2 Academia da Saude is based on the successful experience of the program Academia da Cidade which began in the city of Recife 3 and has been eff ectively implemented and evaluated in other cities from Brazil 4-6 . The program off ers physical activity classes (e.g., aerobics, yoga, tai chi, dance, stretching) as well as assessment, nutrition counseling and chronic disease prevention. The Academia programs are delivered by trained professionals, and importantly, they are free of charge to participants. Academia da Cidade was fi rst evaluated by Project GUIA, a collaboration between national and international government and academic institutions from the United States (U.S.) and Brazil, including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, and the Ministry of Health of Brazil 7 Project GUIA has been highly successful and serves as an example for cross national and transdisciplinary collaboration 8 . Another exemplary initiative around physical activity taking place in Brazil is the Bra
Don't Increase Federal Gasoline Taxes - Abolish Them

Many experts believe that gasoline taxes should be increased for a variety of reasons. Their arguments are unpersuasive. Oil is not disappearing, and when it becomes more expensive, market agents will substitute away from gasoline to save money. The link between oil price shocks and recessions, although real in the 1970s, has been much more benign since 1985 because of the termination of price controls. Market actors properly account for energy costs in their purchasing decisions absent government intervention. Pollution taxes, congestion fees, and automobile insurance premiums more closely related to vehicle miles traveled are better remedies for the externalities associated with automobile travel than a simple fuel tax. Gasoline consumption does not necessarily distort American foreign policy, impose military commitments, or empower Islamic terrorist organizations. State and federal gasoline taxes should be abolished. Local governments should tax gasoline only to the extent necessary to pay for roads when user charges are not feasible. If government feels compelled to more aggressively regulate vehicle tailpipe emissions or access to public roadways, pollution taxes and road user fees are better means of doing so than fuel taxes. Regardless, perfectly internalizing motor vehicle externalities would likely make the economy less efficient - not more - by inducing motorists into even more (economically) inefficient mass transit use. The arguments advanced against increasing gasoline taxes are applicable to the broader discussion about America's reliance on oil generally. The case for policies designed to discourage oil consumption is nearly as threadbare as the case for increasing the gasoline tax - and for largely the same reasons.
Metaphor, Media, and the Market

The volume of press coverage devoted to the prevailing volatility in global financial markets presents opportunity to build interdisciplinary links between the fields of communication and behavioral economics. The findings of this study empirically document significant relationships between news media exposure and economic outcomes, particularly with respect to the effects of metaphor framing on individuals’ subsequent investment decisions. Informed by the central tenets of prospect theory, the results indicate that just as the effects of loss frames are asymmetric to the effects of gain frames, so too are the effects of metaphoric loss frames asymmetric to the effects of traditional loss frames. Most notably, information about economic loss narrated using metaphor impacts individuals’ decisions to spend and invest in the economy to a greater extent than exposure to the same information narrated without the use of metaphor. When viewed in a broader theoretical context, this outcome also presents prospects for forging continued dialogues between the disciplines of communication and behavioral economics as well as within subdisciplines of communication―namely, between rhetorical studies and communication effects research.
Last Chance, America

This essay addresses the current fiscal situation of the U.S. economy – in particular the federal budget deficit and mounting public debt. The essay argues that the most urgent step to be taken is to raise federal taxes, despite the possible dampening effect on short-term growth (which can be palliated in other ways). Failure to raise taxes substantially, and soon, will greatly compound the harm to the U.S. economy from the profligate fiscal policies of the past decade.
The Effects of Coolant Temperature on the Performance and Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Divided-Chamber Diesel Engine

Influence de la temperature du refrigerant sur les performances et les emissions polluantes d'un moteur diesel monocylindre avec chambre et prechambre
Differential Effects of Mercurial on the Lipoyl Reductase and Diaphorase Activities of Lipoyl Dehydrogenase

Abstract The sensitivity of lipoyl dehydrogenase to phenylmercuric acetate, a reagent for —SH groups, has been investigated. Titration of available sulfhydryl groups in the enzyme brings about inactivation in the reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-lipoyl reductase activity, while activity with the artificial hydrogen acceptor 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCI) is stimulated. Similar results are found upon treating the enzyme with phenylmercuric acetate after prior reduction by DPNH, except that a lower level of mercurial is required for inhibition of oxidized dl-α-lipoic acid activity, and DCI activity is more stable. Upon reduction with DPNH the semiquinone of the mercurial-treated enzyme is initially produced, but is no longer stable; the enzyme has a much greater tendency to be reduced to the 4-electron reduction state. Enzyme allowed to react with phenylmercuric acetate for a long period of time is lacking in DPNH-DCI reductase activity, and shows very slow reduction through the semiquinone when treated with DPNH. Evidence is presented that the effect of mercurial on both DPNH-lipoyl and DPNH-DCI reductase activities is due to transfer of mercurial to the active center during catalysis. A schematic representation of the reaction mechanism is presented which shows the presumed reasons for the changes in the catalytic properties of lipoyl dehydrogenase after mercurial treatment.
V2 in 47 Tucanae: The First Detected Dwarf Nova Outburst in the Core of a Globular Cluster

The FOC on board the Hubble Space Telescope has been monitoring the cores of some globular clusters (GCs) in the UV since launch, to help the understanding of some peculiarities of the local stellar population. 47 Tucanae has been one of the most observed clusters, for a number of reasons. Chief among these axe its still controversial dynamical state, with two red giants being ejected from the core (Meylan 1993), the discovery of 11 millisecond pulsars (Manchester et al. 1991), the presence of the brightest among the low luminosity X-ray sources known (X0021.8-7221, Hertz & Grindlay 1983) plus some dimmer X-ray sources discovered by ROSAT (Verbunt et al. 1993), and, finally, the presence of a centrally concentrated population of blue straggler stars, discovered by the FOC team (Paresce et al. 1991).
Natural Gas Futures and Spread Position Risk: Lessons from the Collapse of Amaranth Advisors L.L.C.

The speculative activities of hedge funds are a hot topic among market agents and authorities. In September 2006, the activities of Amaranth Advisors, a large-sized Connecticut hedge fund sent menacing ripples through the natural gas market. By September 21, 2006, Amaranth had lost roughly $4.35B over a 3-week period or one half of its assets due to its activities in natural gas futures and options in September. On September 14, alone, the fund lost $681M from its natural gas exposures. Shortly thereafter, Amaranth funds were being liquidated. This paper uses data obtained by the Senate Subcommittee on Investigations through their subpoena of Amaranth, NYMEX, ICE, and other sources to analyze exactly what caused this spectacular hedge fund failure. The paper also analyzes Amaranth's trading activities within a standard risk management framework to understand to what degree reasonable measures of risk measurement could have captured the potential for dramatic declines that occurred in September. Even by very conservative measures, Amaranth was engaging in highly risky trades which (in addition to high levels of market risk) involved significant exposure to liquidity risk - a risk factor that is notoriously difficult to manage.
Novel Hybrid Nanostructures for Photonic and Energy Applications

There has been significant interest in the development of multicomponent nanocrystals formed by the assembly of two or more different materials with control over size, shape, composition, and spatial orientation. In particular, the selective growth of metals on the tips of semiconductor nanorods and wires can act to couple the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors with the unique properties of various metals. Here, we outline our progress on the solution-phase synthesis of metal-semiconductor heterojunctions formed by the growth of Au, Pt, or other binary catalytic metal systems on Cd- and Pb-calcogenide nanocrystals.
Thermodynamics of polyolefin blends: small-angle neutron scattering studies with partially deuterated chains

Abstract Small-angle neutron scattering is used to evaluate the binary interaction parameter χ in molten blends of polyethylenes having different levels of ethyl branching along the backbone. The labelled chains were partially deuterated to minimize the isotope effect on χ. The present results for equal-volume-fraction binary blends at 150°C can be summarized as χ =0.4×10 −4 +0.014 ΔX 2 br . The first term is from the hydrogen-deuterium isotope effect for chains labelled with about 33% deuterium. The second term is due to chemical composition differences, expressed here as the difference in X br , the fraction of four-carbon repeat units having an ethyl branch. The observed contributions to χ are in reasonable accord with calculated estimates.
101 BIOFEEDBACK THERAPY FOR FECAL INCONTINENCE IN CHILDREN WITH MENINGOMYELOCELE

Fourteen children with meningomyelocele and significant fecal soiling underwent anorectal manometry using a 3-balloon system connected to a physiograph. The ages of the children ranged from 5 to 17 years. On the basis of manometric criteria demonstrating some rectal sensation, 8 patients were treated with biofeedback conditioning. Children were taught to contract the external sphincter or nearby gluteal muscles in response to various volumes of rectal distention. Four of the 8 patients who received biofeedback had a good clinical response with either disappearance of soiling or a greater than 75% improvement in the frequency of soiling. Followup periods ranged from 3-12 months. The minimal criteria for successful treatment appeared to be: 1) Normal threshold of rectal sensation and 2) Ability to contract gluteal or related muscles. Responses to biofeedback could not be predicted by age, sex, surgery for spinal cord tethering, CSF shunts or bracing, but was best predicted by the anorectal manometric findings. On the basis of this experience, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Anorectal manometry is a rapid and inexpensive test to identify children with fecal soiling associated with meningomyelocele who may benefit from biofeedback conditioning. (2) Biofeedback is an effective therapeutic technique for fecal incontinence and should become an important part of bowel management programs for children with primary neurogenic sphincter dysfunction.
Making it (inter‐)personal: Self‐ and partner‐moderated influence during marital conflict discussions

This study examined how, in the context of marital relationships, influence agents attempt to change their partners' stated opinions, and how influence targets respond to their partners' requests. Guided by a dyadic model of social influence, we hypothesized that the level of perceived closeness of both the influence agent and the influence target should jointly determine the use of particular influence strategies. As predicted, individuals' use of relationship‐referencing tactics in the interactions was contingent on both their own and their spouses' perceived closeness to the partner/relationship. Furthermore, greater social influence was achieved when at least one member of each couple emphasized the use of relationship‐referencing tactics. These findings suggest that relationships are potent sources of influence for subjectively closer spouses, and they provide compelling evidence of the intrinsically dyadic nature of influence in close relationships.
Synthesis of type III collagen by embryonic chick skin

Analysis of cyanogen bromide peptides from the α1 chains synthesized by lathyritic embryonic chick skin during short-term tissue culture revealed significant levels of both Types I and III collagen prior to thirteen days of development, but mainly Type I collagen thereafter. The elevated ratio of α1 to α2 polypeptide chain synthesis during the period of maximal Type III production supports the proposed [α1(III)]3 molecular structure for Type III collagen. Maximal synthesis of Type III collagen occurs during a period when collagen production is apparently necessary for normal dermal and hence normal ectodermal development.
Comparative Pathogenicity of Albino and Brown Types of Histoplasma capsulatum for Mice

Albino (A) and brown (B) types of three strains of Histoplasma capsulatum (G-184, G-186, and G-217) were compared for their pathogenicity in mice. Mice were inoculated intravenously with dosages of 0.5-16 x 106 yeast cells of H. capsulatum, and the clinical picture, body weight and mortality 30 days after infection were recorded. Type B was more pathogenic than type A in all three strains tested. Both A and B types were isolated from organs of the mice inoculated with either type, but the type used to infect the mice remained the predominant form. This suggests in-vivo conversion of one morphologic type into the other.
Character Education and Gifted Children.

Character education is both an age‐old and growing discipline, which attempts to restructure schools to optimally foster the development of the ethical and pro‐social motivations and competencies of students. The key components of evidence‐based quality character education are presented. Then the relevant characteristics of gifted students are explored with the aim of identifying those characteristics that offer the opportunity for the optimal implementation of character‐building practices and structures in schools. Finally, the synergy between gifted student characteristics and character‐building pedagogies are delineated, demonstrating that the unique set of qualities of gifted students offers many rich opportunities for the application of effective character education to gifted education.
Three-Dimensional Orientation Determination of Stationary Anisotropic Nanoparticles with Sub-Degree Precision under Total Internal Reflection Scattering Microscopy

Single-particle and single-molecule orientation determination plays a vital role in deciphering nanoscale motion in complex environments. Previous attempts to determine the absolute three-dimensional orientation of anisotropic particles rely on subjective pattern matching and are inherently plagued by high degrees of uncertainty. Herein, we describe a method utilizing total internal reflection scattering microscopy to determine the 3D orientation of gold nanorods with subdegree uncertainty. The method is then applied to the biologically relevant system of microtubule cargo loading. Finally, we demonstrate the method holds potential for identifying single particles versus proximate neighbors within the diffraction limited area.
“Try to make it seem like we're regular kids”: Youth perceptions of restrictiveness in out-of-home care

Abstract While there are several measures of living environment restrictiveness, none has used the youth perspective in conceptualizing and operationalizing restrictiveness. The purpose of this qualitative study was to obtain the perspectives of child welfare involved youth who have lived in out-of-home care. Using focus group methodology, 40 youth were asked to define restriction and give examples of how it is operationalized in practice. Youth defined restriction as “rules”. The rules were about what youth can do, where they can go, who they can be with and how and with whom they can communicate. These rules were primarily characterized as inconsistent, arbitrary, non-individualized and developmentally inappropriate, although some characterized them as beneficial in the long term. Rules were mostly attributed to adult need for power and avoidance of legal responsibility for the youths. Typical feelings about the rules were anger, resentment, feeling labeled, isolated and stigmatized. Relationships influenced perceptions: within a positive relationship, youth understood and tolerated the rules that limited independence. The perception of what were normal restrictions for other youth not in out-of-home care was another influencing factor. These findings are examined in light of cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Recommendations for improving the measurement of living environment restrictiveness as well as enhancing child welfare services are proposed.
Prevention of allergic encephalomyelitis by prior injection of adjuvants

IN a recent article1 Svet-Moldavskaya and Svet-Moldavsky have reported that repeated injections of immature rabbit brain into guinea pigs prevented the development of allergic encephalomyelitis when the same animals were given active (adult rabbit brain) injections at a later date. From this observation they have proposed the existence in brain of two factors, one of which is responsible for the development of encephalomyelitis, the other for the development of acquired resistance against it.
Panoramic radiographs of head and neck cancer patients are often evidence of carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions: a sign of high-risk comorbid illness.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for calcified carotid artery plaque (CCAP) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Materials and Methods Radiographs of 48 consecutive patients were evaluated for CCAP and their medical histories reviewed for the anatomic extent of cancer (staging) and atherogenic risk factors (age, extent of alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus). Results Unilateral or bilateral CCAPs were found in 52.1% of subjects (mean age, 61.5 years). Hypertension was seen in a larger percentage (60%; P = .049) of subjects with CCAP on their radiographs compared with those without CCAP (30.4%). No other atheroma risk factors or stage of cancer differed significantly between those with and those without CCAP. Conclusion Panoramic radiographs of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck show a very high rate of CCAP, a marker of comorbid vascular diseases that may cause treatment complications and affect overall survival.
A Note on the impact of the United States federal budget deficit on the intermediate-term interest rate, 1960–94

There is an extensive literature investigating the impact of federal budget deficits in the US on interest rate yields. This literature focuses almost entirely on short-term rates (under one year to maturity) and long-term rates (ten years or more to maturity). However, almost no attention has been directed at intermediate-term interest rate yields, that is yields on bonds maturing more than one year and less than ten years in the future. Also, this literature essentially ignores the second half of the 1980s and the 1990s. Accordingly, this note empirically investigates the impact of budget deficits in the US on the interest rate yield on three-year US Treasury notes for the period 1960 through the end of 1994. Based on OLS and IV estimates, two of which include net international capital inflows, it is found that budget deficits do raise intermediate-term rates, which may strengthen arguments that budget deficits lead to crowding out.
A scoping experiment to investigate the effects of simultaneous multi-energy ion bombardment, neutron irradiation and stress/temperature cycling on 316 SS

Abstract An experiment which simulates some of the aspects of fusion reactor first wall environment 3- stress and temperature cycling and multi-energy ion bombardment 3- is described. A 316 SS pressure capsule which has been cycled 14,000 times while accumulating a dose of ∼1×1023 He and Li ions/m2 is compared to a non-ion-bombarded control capsule which has been cycled 16,000 times under similar conditions. The ion damaged sample was found to have approximately four times as many short surface cracks as the control sample at the region of maximum stress. Although no evidence of such cracks penetrating beyond the ion-implanted surface layer was found, further experiments carried to higher doses and more cycles are considered necessary to fully determine the effects of such layers on first wall lifetimes.
Creating Possibilities To Read Others' Worlds: Exploring a Mediator's Role in Bridging Cultural and Linguistic Boundaries.

The population of ethnically and linguistically diverse children in U.S. public schools is increasing dramatically. Unfortunately, however, these children are often ill served in our public schools. Scholars such as Erickson and Schultz (1992) maintain that members of the educational community must explore carefully diverse children's actual experiences in schools in order to understand how to meet the educational needs of these children. This investigation focuses on the critical role of a cultural and linguistic mediator named Vue as he helped to elucidate the literacy learning opportunities of Deng, a Hmong child, in Deng's fifth grade mainstream classroom.
B cells from autoimmune BXSB mice are hyporesponsive to signals provided by CD4+ T cells.

Male BXSB mice, unlike female BXSB mice, develop an early-onset, lupus-like disease characterized by high levels of anti-nuclear antibodies (Abs) and total Ig. It has recently been shown that the male BXSB mice contain an expanded population of large B cells which are hyperresponsive to stimulation by anti-CD40 mAb. The present study was undertaken to determine whether their potential for extra CD40 signaling enabled the B cells from male BXSB mice to hyper-respond to CD40L-expressing CD4+ T cells. In contrast to expectations, large B cells from male BXSB mice did not interact with CD4+ T cells in a positive manner; cultures of B cells from antigen (Ag)-primed male BXSB mice, unlike cultures of B cells from Ag-primed female mice, generated few antibody forming cells (AFC) following interaction with activated CD4+T cells. In addition, B cells from male BXSB mice, unlike B cells from female BXSB mice, failed to upregulate MHC class II molecules following interaction with activated CD4+ T cells. Subsequent e...
Thermal Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

The main challenges of low temperature (80–120°C) Nafion-based PEM technology are (1) low cathode performance due to slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (2) high material costs (3) considerable system design and operation for water management (4) low tolerance to impurities in fuel stream and (5) low quality heat resulting in low overall system efficiency. Furthermore, Nafion membranes achieve maximum conductivity only when hydrated, limiting their operation to 100 C is desirable to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Though several high temperature membranes for PEMFC have been developed, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with high Phosphoric acid content (>90%) developed by BASF Fuel cell are currently seeing commercial interest. The most vital step in MEA manufacturing is the sealing of the membrane in between the electrode-substrate assembly to form a five-layer architecture. Currently, MEA sealing is done by a thermal seal process. This paper examines the effect of thermal sealing process parameters, namely (1) sealing temperature (2) percent compression (3) sealing time and (4) manufacturer-specified post-processing after sealing on the fuel cell performance. A design of experiments was developed with these input process parameters and the polarization behavior during single cell operation, as well as internal cell resistance, were analyzed as performance parameters. ANOVA analysis revealed the statistically significant input factors for the thermal sealing process, which are essential for the rapid and high-quality manufacturing of membrane electrode assemblies for high temperature fuel cells. Furthermore, a multiphysics model has been developed to allow for further refinement of the MEA sealing process.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Image Compression In Orthogonal Spline Space

This paper presents a theoretical analysis and computing technique for performing image data compression in orthogonal spline space. First, we define the orthogonal spline basis functions which are derived from the subdivision of the discrete cosine transform. The number of subdivided blocks is the integer power of 2. In this paper, we present the detailed analysis of the bi-orthogonal and the quad-orthogonal spline spaces. Fast image compression and decompression algorithms in these spaces are given and simulated with examples. Based on the simulation results, one can conclude that this new image compression method is superior to the ordinary discrete cosine transform; i.e., it can retain more high-frequency details with less artifact and noise. Compared to the subband coding technique, this new method is still favorable both in terms of image detail and buffer size. In short, this new compression method reproduces better image quality for a prescribed data compression ratio in the reconstructed image.
Relationship between Development of the Body-Righting Reaction and Manual Midline Crossing Behavior in the Learning Disabled

The study was designed to consider the possible relationship between the development and integration of the body-righting reaction and the development of manual midline crossing behavior in learning-disabled and normal children aged 6 to 8 years (23 subjects in each group). A combination of three movement patterns (rolling from supine to prone, transition from supine to standing, and equilibrium in sitting) was used to analyze the body-righting reaction. The Space Visualization Contralateral Use (SVCU) score derived from the Southern California Space Visualization Test was used to measure manual midline crossing behavior. Results of the study found that the learning-disabled subjects exhibited significantly reduced performance on both test measures, when compared to the normal controls. A correlation between scores on the two tests did not reach significance. The findings are described as they relate to sensory integration testing, and the need for further study of the body-righting reaction and manual midline crossing behavior.
Direct determination of benzidine in unaltered soil solution by liquid chromatography

Determination de la benzidine dans les sols sans pretraitement de l'echantillon. Analyse par chromatographie HPLC et detection UV, par spectrometrie de masse
Specialization in Marketing Curricula

This study examines the pros and cons of curricula in which students specialize in particular subfields within the marketing discipline. The results of a survey of marketing programs are presented, with insights into the characteristics of specialization programs. Suggestions are offered for educational institutions considering such marketing curriculum specialization.
Developing a simple and effective method of assessing Civil Engineering student outcomes

The assessment of student outcomes can be made easier if the proper plan and processes are put in place before starting data collection. The key to simplifying the process is to collect targeted data after developing performance indicators and mapping them to appropriate courses. The authors discuss the evolution of the Coast Guard Academy's Civil Engineering assessment process highlighting how the process has been streamlined and simplified through the development of assessment tools to measure achievement of performance indicators linked to each student outcome. The authors further discuss how the assessment data are analyzed holistically and used to guide improvements to courses and the curriculum.
A fringe carrier technique for unambiguous determination of fringe orders in shearography

Abstract Shearography is an interferometric method which measures displacement derivatives. This paper presents a technique which eliminates the ambiguity in shearographic fringe interpretation. The technique is based on generating a carrier fringe pattern. Introduction of the carrier fringes results in the formation of a fringe pattern which has monotonically increasing fringe orders, thus allowing fringe orders to be determined in a straightforward manner and without ambiguity. The phase change due to deformation alone is then obtained by simply subtracting the known undeformed carrier fringe orders from the deformed carrier fringe orders. Elimination of fringe ambiguity has paved a way for automatic data acquisition in shearography.
Immobility from administration of the α1-adrenergic antagonist, terazosin, in the IVth ventricle in rats

Abstract Brain α 1 -adrenoceptors have been shown to be essential for motor activity and movement in mice using intraventricular injection of α 1 -antagonists. To facilitate subsequent neuroanatomical mapping of these receptors, the present study was undertaken to replicate these effects in the rat. Rats were administered the α 1 -antagonist, terazosin, in the absence and presence of the α 1 -agonist, phenylephrine, in the IVth ventricle and were tested for their motor activity responses to an environmental change. Terazosin was found to produce a dose-dependent, virtually complete cessation of behavioral activity that was reversed by coinfusion of phenylephrine. The results could not be explained by sedation. It is concluded that central α 1 -adrenoceptors are essential for behavioral activation in rats as in mice.