cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurence of venothromboembolism (VTE) in patients (pts) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Burkitt's leukemia/lymphoma (BL), or lymphoblastic leukemia (LL)

7059 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant public health issue. Although neoplastic diseases are known risk factors for the development of VTE, little is known about the incidence and predisposing factors of VTE among leukemia patients (pts). Methods: We performed a retrospective study to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with development of VTE among pts with ALL, BL, LL at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1999 and 2005. Medical records of 299 ALL pts were reviewed and analyzed. All computations were conducted using Stata 10. Results: Of the 299 pts with a male/female ratio of 182/117 and a median age of 43 yrs (range 15–83 yrs), 18% had VTE. Recurrent VTE occurred in 10 pts. VTE were identified in upper extremities (59%), lower extremities (30%), pulmonary vasculature (7%), and within venous catheters (4%). In a univariate model, pts with baseline platelet (plt) count 50–99 x 109/L were 2.2 times (95% CI: 1.05–4.55) more likely to develop VTE than pts who had pl...
María Magdalena, guía de pecadores: Fray Luis, Malón de Echaide, Lope de Vega

Muy pocos personajes femeninos del Nuevo Testamento han despertado tanto devoto interes como Maria Magdalena, quien ha inspirado en muy distintas epocas riquisima iconologia -ya desde el ano 230 cuando se la pinta en Duraeuropos llevando unguentos a la tumba vacia-, complejas interpretaciones teologicas, ortodoxas y heterodoxas -los evangelios gnosticos, San Gregorio Magno-, magnificas paginas literarias en prosa y verso tanto en latin como en diversas lenguas vernaculas, y quien hasta hoy es "objeto de relexion seria, sin duda porque el profundo simbolismo que encierra sintoniza con las inquietudes de las mujeres y los hombres de nuestro tiempo"2• La mujer de Magdala tiene la versatilidad de lo paradojico, siendo uno de los personajes "mas irreales y al mismo tiempo mas reales ... el mas real, si consideramos que ha sido aceptada y reconocida en todo corazon cristiano como la personificacion de la penitente pecadora absuelta gracias a la fe y el amor".
Food–energy–water metrics across scales: project to system level

Although much theoretical work has been put into stressing the importance of understanding the food–energy–water nexus, if this burgeoning focus of inquiry is to have any impact on development pathways, we must advance metrics to guide policy planning and action. In this paper, we outline a framework for establishing such a suite of indicators based on system science and life cycle assessment. We identify a number of considerations that should be addressed including the following: (a) scope, ranging from project level (for example, a thermoelectric power plant) through higher system network levels (industry to national to global-level analysis), and (b) the category of the metric, which is defined by two dimensions, (i) intrinsic vs. extrinsic and (ii) absolute vs. relative units, whether the metric indicates an absolute value (for example m3 of freshwater consumption or kWh of electricity used by a power plant) or a value relative to an industry/policy performance benchmark or some environmental indicator (e.g., available water within the basin in which our power plant is located). By understanding the scope and category of metrics derived from economic, life cycle, or other modeling and accounting methods, we understand how various stakeholders are motivated to focus on certain metrics over others. This understanding in turn creates the means to translate between metrics and models for food–energy–water planning and stakeholder collaboration. It should be noted that the primary objective of this paper is to spur discussion, rather than to flesh out a fully formed theoretical framework. We hope, however, that our efforts may prove to be of some use in the crucial discussion of food–energy–water nexus issues.
Religious Orientation, Guilt, Confession, and Forgiveness:

Religious orientation and psychological functioning were investigated in an analog study with 83 participants. After completing the Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967), participants ...
Quantitative measurement of the biological response of cartilage to mechanical deformation.

Cartilage functionality is defined, in part, in terms of the ability of the extracellular matrix to support a mechanical load. It has been shown that such mechanical loading can influence the biological response of the chondrocytes that are embedded in the extracellular matrix. Cultured tissue explants have served as useful models for studying such chondrocyte-mediated responses to mechanical deformation. The explant paradigm facilitates the control of mechanical and biological variables that may influence cellular behavior. This chapter presents the means for assessing the biologic response of cartilage to controlled mechanical stimuli, and lays the foundation to further explore the response of cartilage to mechanical stimuli in the presence of other factors, such as cytokines and growth factors (e.g., IL-1β, TGF-β, IGF).
Self-efficacy in cybersecurity tasks and its relationship with cybersecurity competition and work-related outcomes

Research on cybersecurity competitions is still in its nascent state, and many questions remain unanswered, including how effective these competitions actually are at influencing career decisions and attracting a diverse participant base. The present research aims to address these questions through surveying a sample of excybersecurity competition participants from New York University’s Cyber-Security Awareness Week (CSAW). 195 survey respondents reported on their self-esteem, general self-efficacy, and perceived efficacy in cybersecurity-related tasks, along with important competitionand career-related variables such as reasons for participating, competition performance, appeal and effectiveness of competitions, job satisfaction, and perceived organizational fit. Correlational analyses showed that confidence in cybersecurity-related tasks was positively related to interest in cybersecurity, performance within the competition, job satisfaction within a cybersecurity job, and perceived organizational fit within cybersecurity organizations. Specific self-efficacy was better at predicting competition performance than general self-efficacy or self-esteem, but was unrelated to participants’ positive image of competitions and whether or not the cybersecurity competitions influenced their career decisions. Instead, general self-efficacy was a better predictor of positive competition experience even more-so than performance within the competition. Overall, the results show that participants with selfconfidence in their cybersecurity-relevant skills are more likely to do well in the competition and be satisfied when entering a cybersecurity career, but any participant with high general self-efficacy will likely still have a positive experience when participating in competitions.
New Trails for Old Shoes: Sandals, Textiles, and Baskets in Basketmaker Culture

ABSTRACTNew research on Anasazi origins is augmented with data from sandals, baskets, and textiles collected at the time when Basketmaker culture was first defined by archaeologists. Relationships among decorative style, technology, and social processes are examined. We discuss (1) the distribution of technological and stylistic features of baskets and textiles to address the question of Anasazi origins, and (2) ways archaeologists can approach an understanding of the artistic expression of social identities by contrasting Basketmaker II and Basketmaker III baskets, textiles, and sandals.
SAFETY OF HEPARIN COMPARED WITH BIVALIRUDIN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSRADIAL PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Background: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing heparin with bivalirudin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for myocardial infarction (MI) have produced mixed results: heparin may be associated with a lower risk of acute stent thrombosis (ST) but more bleeding. We tested the
Changing trend of HIV-associated PCNSL over 15 years: A single-center experience.

2049 Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extra nodal non Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for approximately 3-4% of primary brain tumors and approximately 1% o...
Just friends: The role of friendship in lesbians' lives.

When we co-edited the book Lesbian Friendships in 1996, we wanted to focus more attention on the functions and meanings of friendships among lesbians. We asked lesbians to write about the ways in w...
Atrial fibrillation is associated with anterior predominant white matter lesions in patients presenting with embolic stroke.

Objective High white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is commonly found on brain MRI among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether the link between AF and WMH extends beyond a common vascular risk factor profile is uncertain. We sought to determine whether AF relates to a distinct WMH lesion pattern which may suggest specific underlying pathophysiological relationships. Methods We retrospectively analysed a cohort of consecutive patients presenting with embolic stroke at an academic hospital and tertiary referral centre between March 2010 and March 2014. In total, 234 patients (53% female, 74% anterior circulation infarction) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses. WMH lesion distribution was classified according to previously defined categories. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables associated with AF within 90 days of index hospital discharge. Results Among included patients, 114 had AF (49%). After adjustment for the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke/TIA (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category (female)) score, WMH lesion burden as assessed on the Fazekas scale, embolic stroke pattern, infarct distribution and pertinent interaction terms, AF was significantly associated with presence of anterior subcortical WMH patches (OR 3.647, 95% CI 1.681 to 7.911, p=0.001). Conclusions AF is associated with specific WMH lesion pattern among patients with embolic stroke aetiology. This suggests that the link between AF and brain injury extends beyond thromboembolic complications to include a cardiovasculopathy that affects the brain and can be detected and characterised by WMH.
ARE TANNINS RESISTANCE FACTORS AGAINST RUST FUNGI

Histological observations were made of pine callus cultures and seedlings inoculated with Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. Growth of fungus in susceptible tissues caused cellular disruption, which was severe during sporulation of the fungus. Tannin deposition appeared closely related to invasion of host cells by fungus. Tannin synthesis was associated with membrane activity and increased starch accumulation. Although tannin accumulated in resistant tissues, initial events of resistance were changes in cell volume, decreases in stain affinity for host nuclei, and a deterioration of fungal hyphae. Thus, tannin accumulation was not found to play a primary role in resistance.
A discrete mathematical model for the aggregation of β-Amyloid.

Dementia associated with the Alzheimer's disease is thought to be correlated with the conversion of the β − Amyloid (Aβ) peptides from soluble monomers to aggregated oligomers and insoluble fibrils. We present a discrete-time mathematical model for the aggregation of Aβ monomers into oligomers using concepts from chemical kinetics and population dynamics. Conditions for the stability and instability of the equilibria of the model are established. A formula for the number of monomers that is required for producing oligomers is also given. This may provide compound designers a mechanism to inhibit the Aβ aggregation.
New NCCN Guidelines for Uveal Melanoma and Treatment of Recurrent or Progressive Distant Metastatic Melanoma

The NCCN Guidelines Panel for Melanoma debuted new guidelines for uveal melanoma at the NCCN 23rd Annual Conference. Although uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma share the same name, they do have different characteristics and treatments. The NCCN Guidelines describe how tumor size guides therapeutic options, which for most tumors is radiotherapy. Predictors of melanoma-related mortality include advanced age, larger tumor size, and histopathologic and molecular features. The NCCN Guidelines for Cutaneous Melanoma have not changed notably, but adjuvant therapy with immunotherapies is now recommended. The best second-line treatment in the metastatic setting remains unclear.
Diamond FinFET without Hydrogen Termination.

In this letter we report the first diamond fin field-effect transistor (diamond FinFET) without a hydrogen-terminated channel. The device operates with hole accumulation by metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures built on fins to maintain effective control of the channel conduction. Devices with 100-nm—wide fins were designed and fabricated to ensure that the channel pinched off at zero gate bias. The transfer characteristic of FinFET showed a greater than 3000 on/off ratio, successfully demonstrating the transistor behavior. Devices were characterized at room temperature and at 150 °C, showing 30 mA/mm current density at 150 °C, 35 times more than current density at room temperature. The diamond FinFET, which leverages the fin concept from the silicon industry and the material advance of diamond, enables a new class of diamond transistors for applications from digital to power and radio frequency (RF) electronics.
Spins and lifetimes of yrast states in /sup 40/Ca

The yrast cascade in $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ has been studied using the $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(^{14}\mathrm{N},pn)^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ reaction at 36 MeV bombarding energy. The mean lives of two previously reported states at 6931 and 8099 keV excitation have been measured and found to be ${0.49}_{\ensuremath{-}0.25}^{+0.13}$ and 18.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2.5 ps, respectively. Angular correlation experiments have been performed to confirm the spin-parity assignments of ${6}^{+}$ and ${8}^{+}$, respectively. On the basis of the present lifetime measurements, the ${6}^{+}$ state is believed to belong to the 4p-4h deformed band, but the structure of the ${8}^{+}$ state is uncertain. No evidence is found for a ${10}^{+}$ level below 11 MeV.
A Bayesian hierarchical model for monitoring harbor seal changes in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Bayesian hierarchical models were used to assess trends of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Data consisted of 4–10 replicate observations per year at 25 sites over 10 years. We had multiple objectives, including estimating the effects of covariates on seal counts, and estimating trend and abundance, both per site and overall. We considered a Bayesian hierarchical model to meet our objectives. The model consists of a Poisson regression model for each site. For each observation the logarithm of the mean of the Poisson distribution was a linear model with the following factors: (1) intercept for each site and year, (2) time of year, (3) time of day, (4) time relative to low tide, and (5) tide height. The intercept for each site was then given a linear trend model for year. As part of the hierarchical model, parameters for each site were given a prior distribution to summarize overall effects. Results showed that at most sites, (1) trend is down; counts decreased yearly, (2) counts decrease throughout August, (3) counts decrease throughout the day, (4) counts are at a maximum very near to low tide, and (5) counts decrease as the height of the low tide increases; however, there was considerable variation among sites. To get overall trend we used a weighted average of the trend at each site, where the weights depended on the overall abundance of a site. Results indicate a 3.3% decrease per year over the time period.
Combinational circuit optimization

Low power VLSI design can be achieved at various levels of the design abstraction from algorithmic and system levels down to layout and circuit levels (see Figure 1). Power optimization techniques at the system, architectural (behavioral) design level, register-transfer (RT) level, physical design level, and the circuit level have been addressed by researchers in the past. Logic synthesis however, is an important part of the design cycle for a digital system. This means that in order to minimize power effectively, power has to be considered during logic synthesis and optimization.
Learning computer science concepts using iPhone applications

Students use computers and technology at increasingly younger ages. Nonetheless, enrollment in degree-bearing Computer Science programs is not keeping pace with the need for professionals in the field of software development [4]. Even in today's technology-rich world, Computer Science is still often viewed as an esoteric and cryptic field of study. While students tend to be fluent in using computers and handheld devices, understanding how these devices work and especially how they are programmed largely remains a mystery. To address this problem and attract potential Computer Science students at the middle and high school levels, we have developed iPhone applications that present fundamental Computer Science concepts in the form of a game. In particular, we have implemented Bubble Sort and Binary Search applications. Our approach "talks" to the younger generations by using a medium they are already comfortable with.
The Politics and the Metaphysics of Experience

This chapter argues that the dilemmas that arise about the proper place of experience in knowledge are artefacts of a particular theory of mind and the contents of experience: what Alva Noe calls the “brain photoreceptor” model. By giving up this model, we can see that the critiques of experience that have been leveled by feminist theorists and allied anti-foundationalists lose some of their bite. I argue that a model of mind that assumes a fully embodied and active subject—as the brain photoreceptor model does not—does not run into the same conundrums about experience.
PASSIVE AND HYBRID COOLING SYSTEMS - A POSITION PAPER

The state-of-the-art of passive and low energy hybird cooling systems is established through an examination of the various channels for cooling. Building components and design are discussed as elements that may enhance cooling. Impacts of earth-coupling are investigated.
Accounting versus Economic Exposure to Currency Risk

Financial statements do not accurately reflect the impact of foreign exchange movements on a firm's economic value, particularly if foreign currency debt or derivatives are used to hedge long-term economic exposure. To help analysts and investors interpret financial reporting in this area, this article illustrates the divergence between a firm's accounting exposure and its economic exposure, using scenarios of domestic firms, exporters, and multinationals.
A Matrix Representation of a Markov Jump Linear System Applied to a Standalone Microgrid

The analysis of microgrid stability requires an adequate modeling of the randomness in the disturbances affecting the system. For a microgrid operating in a standalone mode, abrupt disturbances are generated when local power sources and loads are switched on and off. Novel methods include the representation of microgrids as Stochastic Hybrid Systems. In this frame, continuous variations in the dynamic and algebraic states as well as discrete, random and abrupt effects are conjointly modeled. The purpose of this study is to present a detailed procedure to derive a matrix representation of a Markov Jump Linear System as a special case of the general stochastic hybrid system framework and apply it to an inverter-based microgrid. Numerical results in terms of the conditional moments of the stochastic model are presented and discussed.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Mortality and Adverse Outcomes among Patients with Peripheral Eosinopenia on Admission for Clostridium difficile Infection

Importance Recent evidence from an animal model suggests that peripheral loss of eosinophils inClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is associated with severe disease. The ability to identify high-risk patients with CDI as early as the time of admission could improve outcomes by guiding management decisions. Objective To construct a model using clinical indices readily available at the time of hospital admission, including peripheral eosinophil counts, to predict inpatient mortality in patients with CDI. Design, Setting, and Participants In a cohort study, a total of 2065 patients admitted for CDI through the emergency department of 2 tertiary referral centers from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015, formed a training and a validation cohort. The sample was stratified by admission eosinophil count (0.0 cells/μL or >0.0 cells/μL), and multivariable logistic regression was used to construct a predictive model for inpatient mortality as well as other disease-related outcomes. Main Outcomes and Measures Inpatient mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the need for a monitored care setting, need for vasopressors, and rates of inpatient colectomy. Results Of the 2065 patients in the study, 1092 (52.9%) were women and patients had a mean (SD) age of 63.4 (18.4) years. Those with an undetectable eosinophil count at admission had increased in-hospital mortality in both the training (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% CI, 1.08-3.73;P = .03) and validation (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.33-3.83;P = .002) cohorts in both univariable and multivariable analysis. Undetectable eosinophil counts were also associated with indicators of severe sepsis, such as admission to monitored care settings (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.86), the need for vasopressors (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.32-3.28), and emergency total colectomy (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.12-5.87). Other significant predictors of mortality at admission included increasing comorbidity burden (for each 1-unit increase: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.22) and lower systolic blood pressures (for each 1-mm Hg increase: OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00). In a subgroup analysis of patients presenting without initial tachycardia or hypotension, only patients with undetectable admission eosinophil counts, but not those with an elevated white blood cell count, had significantly increased odds of inpatient mortality (OR, 5.76; 95% CI, 1.99-16.64). Conclusions and Relevance This study describes a simple, widely available, inexpensive model predicting CDI severity and mortality to identify at-risk patients at the time of admission.
Psychological Interventions in Gambling Disorder

Psychological interventions can improve outcomes and reduce symptom severity for individuals with gambling disorder. This chapter provides an overview of current evidence from moderate- to large-scale randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy interventions for the treatment of gambling problems. Interventions include full-length professionally delivered therapies (behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy), as well as self-directed workbooks and computer-facilitated programs. Motivational interventions, including motivational interviewing, motivational enhancement therapy, and personalized feedback, are also reviewed. This chapter highlights gambling-related treatment outcomes and comparisons between conditions for randomized trials, with an emphasis on treatment dropout. Attrition rates are generally high across all multi-session intervention modalities and formats. Overall, findings suggest that no specific treatment consistently outperforms other active treatments, but cognitive-behavioral therapy does have the most empirical support for the treatment of gambling disorder. In addition, brief motivational interventions are sufficient for some gamblers to change their behavior, particularly those experiencing only a few adverse symptoms from their gambling involvement. Future research efforts will benefit from further refining existing treatments to improve retention, which in turn may enhance effectiveness.
Comment: Wood et al.’s (2014) Speculations of Inappropriate Research Practices in Ovulatory Cycle Studies

Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie (2014) meta-analyzed studies examining changes in women’s mate preferences as a function of cycle phase, and claimed to find little evidence for shifts, contrary to ...
Combined State and Parameter Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery With Active Current Injection

Estimating the State-of-Charge (SoC) and State-of-Health (SoH), together with the parameters used in representing the dynamics of a lithium-ion battery, is essential to ensure optimal and reliable operation. However, this simultaneous estimation can take a significant amount of time to converge, and the estimation accuracy is limited by measurement noise and model inaccuracy. Note that for overactuated systems (e.g., hybrid energy storage systems and hybrid electric vehicles), the overactuation feature can be exploited to optimize the battery current profile for the estimation purpose. This article shows the potential to improve estimation accuracy when the desired current is actively injected and the estimation algorithm is properly structured. Specifically, by incorporating a high-pass filter, battery parameters can be independently characterized by injecting high-frequency and medium-frequency currents, and battery SoC/SoH can then be estimated sequentially from the estimated parameters. A Cramer–Rao bound analysis shows that the accuracy of the proposed sequential estimation is much better than the case where all parameters and states are simultaneously estimated. The analysis is verified by simulation and experimental results. We point out that for battery-only applications (e.g., electric vehicles); the proposed method has limitations, as generally, the battery current profile cannot be changed.
Ethical Consistency and Experience: An Attempt to Influence Researcher Attitudes Toward Questionable Research Practices Through Reading Prompts

Over the past couple of decades, the apparent widespread occurrence of Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) in scientific research has been widely discussed in the research ethics literature as a...
Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Causing Aorto-Atrial Fistula and Acute Heart Failure: A Rare Encounter.

A ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm as a cause of aorto-atrial fistula is very rare. We present the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with symptoms of acute heart failure and suspicion of an aorto-atrial fistula found on a transthoracic echocardiogram, which was confirmed on transesophageal echocardiography. A coronary angiogram showed normal coronary arteries but confirmed the right aorto-atrial fistula on aortogram. She underwent successful surgical repair of the fistula. Her postoperative echocardiogram showed a normal right atrium and right ventricle with no shunt. A ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a devastating event and presents as acute heart failure. Prompt diagnosis and surgical repair is necessary to prevent mortality. Learning points A ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm causing an aorto-atrial fistula can present as acute heart failure.A transthoracic echocardiogram can identify the presence and location of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, while a transesophageal echocardiogram can recognize fistulous tract formation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography can confirm or better categorize echocardiographic findings.The management of an aorto-atrial fistula is surgical intervention, involving a patch repair.
A Packaged Ingestible Bio-Pill with 15-Pixel Multiplexed Fluorescence Nucleic-Acid Sensor and Bi-Directional Wireless Interface for In-Vivo Bio-Molecular Sensing

This paper presents the first wireless multiplexed fluorescence-based bio-molecular sensing system in a pill form for GI-track health monitoring application. This application is geared towards quasi-real time analysis of microbiome distribution through nucleic acid detection. A silicon chip integrates both the sensor and the wireless system, including a 124 μW ULP wireless receiver with −59 dBm sensitivity, a dual mode FSK/OOK transmitter, and a fluorescent sensor array with 1.6 attomoles and 100 pM of target DNA detection limit per pixel. The complete package includes a CMOS fluorescent sensor chip with integrated filter, a prototyped UV LED and optical waveguide, functionalized bioslip, off-chip power management and Tx/Rx antenna that fits in a standard FDA approved capsule size 000.
The Latest Thinking on Dry Cow Management

We continue to look for methods to increase productivity and hopefully, profitability. We place a lot of emphasis on feeding various products such as fat, bypass protein and niacin to increase milk production. Rarely do we put any emphasis on the profitability of the total herd. We do not consider the impact of metabolic or reproductive problems on total yield and profitability; this only becomes important when it becomes extreme. We need to look carefully at the hidden costs of subclinical metabolic and reproductive problems. We are sure that you have seen the sporadic milk fever, DA, ketosis, off feed, cow not coming into heat, metritis, cow not settling, and cow with off cycles. The use of good record analysis systems will allow you to see that, combined, these become a significant part of the costs of your client's operation. If you calculate the lost milk it will be even more. Our challenge is to develop strategies to minimize the occurrence of these problems in the herd.
Seven reasons why: an in-depth study of the limitations of random test input generation for Android

Experience paper: Testing of mobile apps is time-consuming and requires a great deal of manual effort. For this reason, industry and academic researchers have proposed a number of test input generation techniques for automating app testing. Although useful, these techniques have weaknesses and limitations that often prevent them from achieving high coverage. We believe that one of the reasons for these limitations is that tool developers tend to focus mainly on improving the strategy the techniques employ to explore app behavior, whereas limited effort has been put into investigating other ways to improve the performance of these techniques. To address this problem, and get a better understanding of the limitations of input-generation techniques for mobile apps, we conducted an in-depth study of the limitations of Monkey-arguably the most widely used tool for automated testing of Android apps. Specifically, in our study, we manually analyzed Monkey's performance on a benchmark of 64 apps to identify the common limitations that prevent the tool from achieving better coverage results. We then assessed the coverage improvement that Monkey could achieve if these limitations were eliminated. In our analysis of the results, we also discuss whether other existing test input generation tools suffer from these common limitations and provide insights on how they could address them.
KRASG12C Mutation Is Associated with Increased Risk of Recurrence in Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: KRASG12C is the most common KRAS mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging clinical activity of KRASG12C inhibitors in the metastatic setting. We investigated disease-free survival (DFS) and tumor genomic features in patients with surgically resected KRASG12C-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Experimental Design: Patients who underwent resection of stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were evaluated. Exclusion criteria were receipt of induction therapy, incomplete resection, and low-quality NGS. Mutations were classified as KRAS wild-type (KRASwt), G12C (KRASG12C), or non-G12C (KRASother). DFS was compared between groups using the log-rank test; factors associated with DFS were assessed using Cox regression. Mutual exclusivity and cooccurrence, tumor clonality, and mutational signatures were assessed. Results: In total, 604 patients were included: 374 KRASwt (62%), 95 KRASG12C (16%), and 135 KRASother (22%). Three-year DFS was not different between KRAS-mutant and KRASwt tumors. However, 3-year DFS was worse in patients with KRASG12C than KRASother tumors (log-rank P = 0.029). KRASG12C tumors had more lymphovascular invasion (51% vs. 37%; P = 0.032) and higher tumor mutation burden [median (interquartile range), 7.0 (5.3–10.8) vs. 6.1 (3.5–9.7); P = 0.021], compared with KRASother tumors. KRASG12C mutation was independently associated with worse DFS on multivariable analysis. Our DFS findings were externally validated in an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Conclusions: KRASG12C mutations are associated with worse DFS after complete resection of stage I–III lung adenocarcinoma. These tumors harbor more aggressive clinicopathologic and genomic features than other KRAS-mutant tumors. We identified a high-risk group for whom KRASG12C inhibitors may be investigated to improve survival.
Urethral Prolapse with Vulvar Tumor-Like Mass Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a Case Report and Literature Review

Urethral prolapse is a rare condition not frequently encountered by gynecologists. However, patients with urethral prolapse occasionally visit gynecologists initially because the most common early symptom is genital bleeding. In this study, we report the case of a postmenopausal woman with severe urethral prolapse that could not be diagnosed by inspection alone but was successfully diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An 89-year-old postmenopausal woman who complained of genital bleeding and incontinence had an erosive 3-cm vulvar mass. Because inspection alone was insufficient for diagnosis, MRI was performed. MRI revealed that the mass was not a tumor but protruding edematous urethral mucosa. We suspected urethral prolapse based on MRI results, and surgical excision was performed by urologists at another hospital. The excised tissue was composed of normal urethral mucosa under a microscope, and the diagnosis of urethral prolapse was pathologically confirmed. Her symptoms resolved after surgery with no recurrence. It is difficult for gynecologists to diagnose severe urethral prolapse by inspection alone. However, as described here, MRI can resolve this problem and is useful in eliminating diagnoses such as malignant vulvar tumor and condyloma. When inspection alone is insufficient to diagnose vulvar masses, MRI can be used as a supplemental investigative modality to aid in correct diagnosis.
CRITICAL VARIABLES OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RICE PLANT UNDER STAGNANT FLOODING CONDITIONS

Stagnant flooding (SF) stress has contributed decreasing rice production in Indonesia. The study aimed to explore critical variables of rice growth that contribute to the decreasing grain yield under SF conditions and a common irrigation system (control). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications to test 10 rice genotypes (Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub-1, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 8, IRRI119, IRRI154, IR42, IR14D121, IR14D157, and Tapus). The water depth was managed according to the farmer’s practices for control, while for SF plots the standing water depth was gradually increased from 35 days after transplanting and was maintained at 50 cm until harvest. Results showed that plant height, tillering ability, leaf greenness, panicle number per hill and grain filling percentage were critical growth variables that affect grain yield at optimal conditions. The yield of the 10 genotypes decreased by 25–50% under SF conditions. Inpara 3 had the stable yield in those two watering conditions. Therefore, it could be used as a check variety for SF condition. Inpara 9 and IRRI119 experienced decreased yield of more than 50% under SF conditions. The key factors determining the decreased yield were tillering ability and green leaf level. Optimization of the two variables at SF conditions will largely determine rice yield associated with panicle number per hill and grain number per panicle. Results of the study are useful as preliminary recommendations for designing new variety and cultivation techniques to reduce the impact of SF stress on rice yield.
A Rare Cause of Post-traumatic Right Lower Extremity Swelling in an Adolescent Male.

Unilateral extremity swelling after trauma usually results from acute musculoskeletal or orthopedic injuries. Worsening of swelling raises concern for compartment syndrome or vascular injury. Time-sensitive diagnosis and interventions are needed to avoid life- or limb-threatening consequences. In this report, we highlight the case of a 16-year-old male who presented with unilateral lower extremity pain and swelling, one week after a motor vehicle accident. Thorough evaluation and appropriate imaging detected the presence of an abnormal communication between the muscular branch of the anterior tibial artery and the vein. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are usually acquired and caused by penetrating trauma or iatrogenic procedures. They are rarely associated with blunt trauma. It is important to determine the degree of flow within the communication, as high flow lesions are associated with severe complications such as limb ischemia and heart failure. This report highlights the evaluation and management of a patient with delayed post-traumatic unilateral extremity swelling that eventually resulted in the diagnosis of a low-flow AVF amenable to conservative management, resulting in complete resolution of his symptoms.
Newborn screen metabolic panels reflect the impact of common disorders of pregnancy.

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal diabetes profoundly affect fetal and newborn growth, yet disturbances in intermediate metabolism and relevant mediators of fetal growth alterations remain poorly defined. We sought to determine whether there are distinct newborn screen metabolic patterns among newborns affected by maternal hypertensive disorders or diabetes in utero. Methods A retrospective observational study investigating distinct newborn screen metabolites in conjunction with data linked to birth and hospitalization records in the state of California between 2005 and 2010. Results A total of 41,333 maternal-infant dyads were included. Infants of diabetic mothers demonstrated associations with short-chain acylcarnitines and free carnitine. Infants born to mothers with preeclampsia with severe features and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia had alterations in acetylcarnitine, free carnitine, and ornithine levels. These results were further accentuated by size for gestational age designations. Conclusions Infants of diabetic mothers demonstrate metabolic signs of incomplete beta oxidation and altered lipid metabolism. Infants of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy carry analyte signals that may reflect oxidative stress via altered nitric oxide signaling. The newborn screen analyte composition is influenced by the presence of these maternal conditions and is further associated with the newborn size designation at birth. Impact Substantial differences in newborn screen analyte profiles were present based on the presence or absence of maternal diabetes or hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and this finding was further influenced by the newborn size designation at birth. The metabolic health of the newborn can be examined using the newborn screen and is heavily impacted by the condition of the mother during pregnancy. Utilizing the newborn screen to identify newborns affected by common conditions of pregnancy may help relate an infant's underlying biological disposition with their clinical phenotype allowing for greater risk stratification and intervention.
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first retrovirus to be identified as pathogenic in humans. Since its discovery in 1980 and its association with a progressive myelopathy termed HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in 1985, there has been accumulating evidence that HTLV-1 can cause multiple neurologic conditions, suggesting a wider impact of this infection on the human nervous system. In this review we describe the clinical presentation of the various HTLV-1-associated neurologic conditions with a focus on HAM/TSP. We also discuss the current status of knowledge regarding the immunopathogenesis, pathology, and radiologic findings in HAM/TSP. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic strategies that have been taken to date and discuss the clinical trials in HAM/TSP.
What predicts influenza vaccination status in older Americans over several years

Objectives: To examine the correlates of repeat influenza vaccination and determine whether there are age-group (50–64, ≥65) differences in decision-making behavior. Design: Longitudinal survey study. Setting: Two community health centers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants: Two hundred fifty-three patients aged 50 and older in 2001 who visited one of the health centers and completed telephone surveys in 2002 and 2003 after the respective influenza seasons. Measurements: Influenza vaccination status, demographic characteristics, and decision-making behavior were self-reported. Vaccination status was identified for three seasons: 2000–2001, 2001–2002, and 2002–2003. A three-level outcome was defined as unvaccinated all 3 years, vaccinated one to two times over 3 years, and vaccinated all 3 years. Factor analysis identified three decision-making behaviors. Results: Predictors of being vaccinated across 3 years included being older, the belief that social forces influence vaccination behavior, and disagreement with the view that vaccine is detrimental. Conclusion: National educational efforts should be intensified to dispel the myths about alleged adverse events, including contracting influenza from inactivated influenza vaccine. Physicians should continue to share their personal experiences of treating patients with influenza, including the incidence of hospitalization and death.
Infra-red spectra of inorganic solids—I

Abstract A number of peroxide, peroxide hydrate, and superoxide samples were scanned in the rock salt region of the infra-red. For this scan, a special modification of the KBr disc technique was developed. The spectra show only carbonate and water to be the major impurities except for the hydrate samples where water is already combined. An indication of any structural detail for these hydrate samples was not observed.
On The Expressive Power of the Relational Calculus with Arithmetic Constraints

We investigate the expressive power of the relational calculus with arithmetic constraints. We show that any generic query in this language is equivalent to some query in the standard relational calculus. As a result, transitive closure and parity cannot be expressed even with arithmetic constraints.
DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE TO THE PROLONGATION OF HEXOBARBITONE SLEEPING TIME CAUSED BY CANNABIDIOL

Abstract 1 The effects of acute and subacute cannabidiol (CBD) administration on hexobarbitone sleeping time and on some constituents of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing system were assessed in the mouse. 2 Acutely administered CBD prolonged sleeping time; but with subacute treatment, tolerance to the effect rapidly developed. 3 Brain hexobarbitone concentration upon awakening was unchanged by either acute or subacute CBD treatment, which suggests that neither the prolongation of sleeping time nor the tolerance is the result of a change in sensitivity of the central nervous system to the barbiturate. 4 Acute CBD treatment increased the half-time of hexobarbitone in the brain, which returned toward normal with the development of tolerance. 5 Acutely, CBD caused a 30% decrease in hepatic cytochrome P-450 level; with tolerance, the cytochrome concentration returned to normal. 6 The evidence suggests that the CBD-induced prolongation of barbiturate sleeping time and the tolerance to this effect are the result of changes in the rate of drug metabolism, which are related to changes in the amount of cytochrome P-450. 7 The effects of CBD on the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system are different from those attributed to SKF 525-A and piperonyl butoxide because the cannabinoid does not decrease cytochrome P-450 quantitatively by complex formation, it does not produce a recovery overshoot in the cytochrome concentration and, finally, it does not cause an induction of the hexobarbitone-metabolizing enzymes.
CD40 and its ligand.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of CD40 and its ligand, gp39, as central players in the regulation of B cell growth and differentiation. Reciprocal activation requires the formation of stable physical conjugates between helper T (Th) and B cells and also the sequential and interdependent induction or up-regulation of accessory membrane proteins such as CD40 ligand. The downstream signals transduced by the binding of these proteins to their respective ligand, CD40 on the B cell and CD28/CTLA4 on the T cell, result in the polyclonal, antigen-nonspecific, and MHC-non-restricted activation of both partners. Induction of gp39 expression by activated Th leads to the interaction of GP39 with CD40 on the B cells. This phase of T cell help, termed as the “effector phase” is Class II unrestricted and antigen nonspecific. The role of this ligand-receptor pair in the regulation of B cell memory, somatic mutation, and the germinal center reaction still demands significant attention. More surprising is the evolving role of gp39 in mediating inflammation. The fact that anti-gp39 therapy can all but eliminate T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, autoimmune oophoritis acute GVHD, and graft rejection, suggests another pivotal role of gp39 in the regulation of cell-mediated immune responses. The expanding tissue distribution of CD40 to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and other non-immune cells suggests a far broader role of gp39-CD40.
Vaginal bleeding in the midtrimester of pregnancy.

Abstract One hundred and two cases of vaginal bleeding during the midtrimester of pregnancy occurring over a 10 year period were reviewed. This condition is more common than generally recognized, and the perinatal mortality rate is extremely high. The etiology of the bleeding was found to fall into five general categories: hydatidiform mole, placenta previa, premature placental separation, extrinsic causes, and undetermined causes. The prognosis for the fetus becomes progressively more grave with increased amount of bleeding, the number of bleeding episodes, and if accompanied by uterine cramps. The perinatal mortality rate was 42 per cent when the bleeding was due to placenta previa, 83 per cent when secondary to premature placental separation, and 33 per cent when due to an unknown cause. Cases of second-trimester bleeding severe enough to require transfusion were associated with a perinatal mortality rate of 84 per cent. In view of these findings, heroic measures are not indicated, and a suggested therapeutic regimen is discussed.