cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary menopausal insomnia: definition, review, and practical approach.

ABSTRACT Objective To present a case of primary menopausal insomnia with hot flashes to introduce recent changes in technology and nomenclature of sleep medicine and to review presentation, diagnosis, and therapies for menopausal insomnia. Methods Clinical findings and results of sleep evaluation in the menopausal study patient are presented with details about polysomnography performed before and after therapy with pregabalin. Results A 56.5-year-old female athlete with severe hot flashes and insomnia of 12 years duration was treated with pregabalin, which ameliorated the hot flashes and sweats and improved sleep quality and architecture. Menopause is associated with hormonal and metabolic changes that disrupt sleep. Disruption of sleep can in turn lead to morbidity and metabolic sequelae. Hormonal treatment, although effective, carries risks unacceptable to many patients and physicians. To date, nonhormonal therapies of symptomatic menopause have not been objectively studied for effects on sleep efficiency and architecture. Primary menopausal insomnia is insomnia associated with menopause and not attributable to secondary causes. Polysomnographically, it seems characterized by a high percentage of slow-wave (N3) sleep, decreased rapid eye movement sleep, cyclic alternating pattern, and arousals. Conclusions Primary menopausal insomnia is probably mediated through a mechanism separate from hot flashes, and one can occur without the other. Thermal dysregulation and sleep abnormalities of menopause are probably related to more general changes mediated through loss of estrogenic effects on neuronal modulation of energy metabolism, and more clinical direction is expected as this research field develops. Identification of sleep disorders in menopausal women is important, and polysomnographic evaluation is underused in both clinical and research evaluations of metabolic disturbances. (Endocr Pract. 2011; 17:122-131)
New material for implantable cardiac leads

Abstract Cardiac function management devices, including implantable pacemakers and implantable defibrillators, include at least 1 cardiac lead having an electrode for making contact with a portion of the heart. It has been previously shown that the braided multifilament wire electrodes have a high failure rate both for sensing of spontaneous heart activity and for safe heart stimulation. Therefore, it is desirable to have cardiac leads made of materials with mechanical and electrical properties to insure safe pacemaker function. We have developed a new fiber material suitable for implantable cardiac leads with superior high modulus, high mechanical strength, and excellent electrical conductivity. Methods The material comprises poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) fibers plated with gold by using an electroless plating method. Due to the difficulty in plating gold directly on organic and inorganic fibers, gold plating was carried out on the surface of silver-plated fibers. Results The morphology of plated fibers was studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electrochemical polarization measurements. It was found that gold was uniformly plated on the poly( p -phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber, and the gold-plated fibers have good corrosion resistance. The electrical conductivity of the gold-plated fibers was higher than 4 × 104 S/cm, and its tensile strengths and Young moduli were greater than 1.9 and 130 GPa, respectively, when estimated in terms of a single-fiber strand. Conclusions The metal-clad polymer fibers have advantages over conventional metal cardiac leads in flexibility, weight savings, mechanical strength, durability, and tailored electrical conductivity. Therefore, the combined engineering properties of the new fiber afford implantable cardiac lead applications at reduced diameter while having higher strength. Furthermore, the new fiber can be terminated just like a regular metal wire with the choice of ultrasonic bonding, crimping, or band connection.
Ionic diffusion in naturally-occurring aqueous solutions: transition-state models that use either empirical expressions or statistically-derived relationships to predict mutual diffusion coefficients in the concentrated-solution regions of 8 binary systems

Abstract Mutual diffusion coefficients for the systems NaCl-H2O, KCl-H2O, CaCl2-H2O, SrCl2-H2O, BaCl2-H2O, MgCl2-H2O, Na2SO4-H2O, and MgSO4-H2O are computed using a model that postulates exchanges between ions and water molecules. Limiting ionic equivalent conductances, a solution-density function, and a mean ionic activity-coefficient function are required as input. A region of changing solution structure extends up to concentrations ranging from about 0.01 molar in MgCl2-H2O to about 0.2 molar in KCl-H2O. In the remaining concentration range to saturation, a single expression in each system containing one variable parameter can be fitted empirically to reproduce selected sets of experimentally measured Dv12 with maximum errors for individual compositions ranging from about 0.25% in KCl-H2O and Na2SO4-H2O to about 4% in MgCl2-H2O. The experimentally measured Dv12 can be reproduced with errors comparable to those of the empirical fits by further postulating that individual ion-water molecule exchanges are coupled to yield hydrated neutral exchange complexes (the activated complexes), and defining probability expressions that describe the following exchanges: Ba2+ + 2Cl− for 3H2O, 2Ca2+ + 4Cl− for 6H2O, 2Sr2+ + 4Cl− for 6H2O, Na+ + Cl− for 3H2O, 2K+ + 2Cl− for 5H2O, NaSO−4 + Na+ for 5H2O, Mg2+ + SO2−4 (+MgSO04) for 4H2O, and MgCl+ + Cl− for 2H2O. This calculation also contains one variable parameter. Solute transport between exchange sites is by movement of ions, except for the ion-pair contribution indicated in parentheses.
Classical trajectory simulations of post-transition state dynamics

Classical chemical dynamics simulations of post-transition state dynamics are reviewed. Most of the simulations involve direct dynamics for which the potential energy and gradient are obtained directly from an electronic structure theory. The chemical reaction attributes and chemical systems presented are product energy partitioning for Cl− ··· CH3Br → ClCH3 + Br− and C2H5F → C2H4 + HF dissociation, non-RRKM dynamics for cyclopropane stereomutation and the Cl− ··· CH3Cl complexes mediating the Cl− + CH3Cl SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction, and non-IRC dynamics for the OH− + CH3F and F− + CH3OOH chemical reactions. These studies illustrate the important role of chemical dynamics simulations in understanding atomic-level reaction dynamics and interpreting experiments. They also show that widely used paradigms and model theories for interpreting reaction kinetics and dynamics are often inaccurate and are not applicable.
Improving image-guided radiation therapy of lung cancer by reconstructing 4D-CT from a single free-breathing 3D-CT on the treatment day.

Purpose: One of the major challenges of lung cancer radiation therapy is how to reduce the margin of treatment field but also manage geometric uncertainty from respiratory motion. To this end, 4D-CT imaging has been widely used for treatment planning by providing a full range of respiratory motion for both tumor and normal structures. However, due to the considerable radiation dose and the limit of resource and time, typically only a free-breathing 3D-CT image is acquired on the treatment day for image-guided patient setup, which is often determined by the image fusion of the free-breathing treatment and planning day 3D-CT images. Since individual slices of two free breathing 3D-CTs are possibly acquired at different phases, two 3D-CTs often look different, which makes the image registration very challenging. This uncertainty of pretreatment patient setup requires a generous margin of radiation field in order to cover the tumor sufficiently during the treatment. In order to solve this problem, our main idea is to reconstruct the 4D-CT (with full range of tumor motion) from a single free-breathing 3D-CT acquired on the treatment day. Methods: We first build a super-resolution 4D-CT model from a low-resolution 4D-CT on the planning day, with the temporal correspondences also established across respiratory phases. Next, we propose a 4D-to-3D image registration method to warp the 4D-CT model to the treatment day 3D-CT while also accommodating the new motion detected on the treatment day 3D-CT. In this way, we can more precisely localize the moving tumor on the treatment day. Specifically, since the free-breathing 3D-CT is actually the mixed-phase image where different slices are often acquired at different respiratory phases, we first determine the optimal phase for each local image patch in the free-breathing 3D-CT to obtain a sequence of partial 3D-CT images (with incomplete image data at each phase) for the treatment day. Then we reconstruct a new 4D-CT for the treatment day by registering the 4D-CT of the planning day (with complete information) to the sequence of partial 3D-CT images of the treatment day, under the guidance of the 4D-CT model built on the planning day. Results: We first evaluated the accuracy of our 4D-CT model on a set of lung 4D-CT images with manually labeled landmarks, where the maximum error in respiratory motion estimation can be reduced from 6.08 mm by diffeomorphic Demons to 3.67 mm by our method. Next, we evaluated our proposed 4D-CT reconstruction algorithm on both simulated and real free-breathing images. The reconstructed 4D-CT using our algorithm shows clinically acceptable accuracy and could be used to guide a more accurate patient setup than the conventional method. Conclusions: We have proposed a novel two-step method to reconstruct a new 4D-CT from a single free-breathing 3D-CT on the treatment day. Promising reconstruction results imply the possible application of this new algorithm in the image guided radiation therapy of lung cancer.
Roles of inositol phosphates and inositol pyrophosphates in development, cell signaling and nuclear processes.

Inositol phosphates and inositol pyrophosphates are small molecule metabolites that play important roles in nuclear processes such as transcription control, mRNA export and DNA repair. On this wonderful occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Advances in Enzyme Regulation conference, it is a privilege to participate through presenting recent developments in the area of inositol phosphate and pyrophosphate regulatory biology. This article summarizes recent advances in understanding IPs and PP-IPs biology in development and nuclear cell signaling. Data obtained from various model organisms hint at the emerging modes of mechanisms of these versatile molecules. Studies in model organisms revealed that IPs and PP-IPs are critical for development and signaling in plants, mice, zebrafish and slime mold. In plants, IP molecules are required for signaling in response to stress, hormone, and nutrient, by transcriptional regulation of the stimuli-responsive genes. In some cases, IPs act as regulatory molecules as the levels of IPKs/IPs are induced by those stimuli and a constitutively induction of downstream events can be accomplished by over-expressing the IPKs. Nutrient sensing is a recurring theme in IP biology as IPs and PP-IPs are also involved in amino acid and phosphate signaling in yeast and possible glucose sensing in pancreatic β cells, indicating it maybe acquired early during evolution. There are some newly discovered nuclear roles of IPs: 1) binding to and possibly regulation of the SCFTIR1 ubiquitin ligase complex, and 2) RNA editing by acting as structural co-factor of ADAR2 and ADAT1. On the other hand, IPs and PP-IPs are also implicated in some novel non-nuclear processes: 1) insulin secretion, 2) negative regulation of PIP3 signaling and 3) modulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Following the discovery of new biological roles of IPs and PP-IPs, a few new receptors for IPs and PP-IPs were identified in the process. Three modes of receptor binding by IPs and PP-IPs can be summarized: 1) Direct binding to the receptor (e.g. TIR1), 2) displacement of a ligand (e.g. PIP3) already bound to the receptor (e.g. PH domain containing proteins, and 3) acting as a structural co-factor and possibly incorporated inside the receptor during protein folding (e.g. ADAR2). Hopefully, more experimentation will uncover more receptors for and biological roles of these versatile molecules.
Determinants of Discharge following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

The optimal time for discharge following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is uncertain and varies among institutions. This study was undertaken to determine what factors may discriminate between early and late discharge following surgery. In 177 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG procedures, three groups were formed retrospectively according to the number of days hospitalized post CABG: group 1, ≤8; group 2, 9 to 11; group 3, ≥12. Parameters found to discriminate between group 1 and group 3 (p
Resonant Raman scattering and exciton-phonon interactions in AgGaSe 2

Enhancements in Raman-scattering cross sections of phonon modes in AgGaSe[sub 2] have been observed both at room temperature and at liquid-nitrogen temperature. At low temperature the observed enhancements can be explained by outgoing resonances of the scattered photons at the lowest-energy free exciton. At resonance, multiphonon modes involving as many as three longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons have been observed. Exciton energy and damping constant and relative strengths of exciton--LO-phonon (Froehlich) interactions in AgGaSe[sub 2] have been determined.
Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines

Shunt posts in microstrip transmission lines are analyzed by employing the planar waveguide model. A multiple expansion method with greatly enhanced efficiency and accuracy has been achieved with the development of very fast algorithms for the computation of Schloemilch-type series. The method applies to perfectly conducting imperfectly conducting, and composite shunt posts. This approach is compared with the standard point matching technique for perfectly conducting posts. The two methods are found to be in excellent agreement in regions of overlapping applicability. A fairly wide range of computed data is utilized to develop the tools needed to incorporate the post into various microstrip circuit applications. As one application, a procedure is developed for using this post to obtain effective short-circuiting qualities over a broad frequency range. As a second application, the possibility of creating filtering devices is explored using both multiple metallic post structures and single dielectric posts. >
Representation of grammatical categories of words in the brain

We report the performance of a patient who, as a consequence of left frontal and temporoparietal strokes, makes far more errors on nouns than on verbs in spoken output tasks, but makes far more errors on verbs than on nouns in written input tasks. This double dissociation within a single patient with respect to grammatical category provides evidence for the hypothesis that phonological and orthographic representations of nouns and verbs are processed by independent neural mechanisms. Furthermore, the opposite dissociation in the verbal output modality, an advantage for nouns over verbs in spoken tasks, by a different patient using the same stimuli has also been reported (Caramazza & Hillis, 1991). This double dissociation across patients on the same task indicates that results cannot be ascribed to "greater difficulty" with one type of stimulus, and provides further evidence for the view that grammatical category information is an important organizational principle of lexical knowledge in the brain.
Maintaining a Sense of Control in the Context of Cognitive Challenge: Greater Stability in Control Beliefs Benefits Working Memory.

We considered the functional role of control beliefs for cognitive performance by focusing on patterns of stability across multiple trials increasing in level of difficulty. We assessed 56 adults aged 18–88 on working memory tasks. We examined stability vs. lability (intraindividual variability, IIV) in control beliefs and the relationships with anxiety, distraction, and performance. Age was positively associated with IIV in control and performance, and IIV increased with task difficulty. Those maintaining stable control beliefs had better performance and showed less anxiety and distraction. Those with lower stability and less control showed steeper declines in performance and increases in distraction. The findings suggest that stability of control beliefs may serve a protective function in the context of cognitively challenging tasks.
Lung cancer cell line screen links fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway defects to increased relative biological effectiveness of proton radiation.

Purpose Growing knowledge of genomic heterogeneity in cancer, especially when it results in altered DNA damage responses, requires re-examination of the generic relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 of protons. Methods and Materials For determination of cellular radiosensitivity, we irradiated 17 lung cancer cell lines at the mid-spread-out Bragg peak of a clinical proton beam (linear energy transfer, 2.5 keV/μm). For comparison, 250-kVp X rays and 137 Cs γ-rays were used. To estimate the RBE of protons relative to 60 Co (Co60eq), we assigned an RBE(Co60Eq) of 1.1 to X rays to correct the physical dose measured. Standard DNA repair foci assays were used to monitor damage responses. FANCD2 was depleted using RNA interference. Results Five lung cancer cell lines (29.4%) exhibited reduced clonogenic survival after proton irradiation compared with X-irradiation with the same physical doses. This was confirmed in a 3-dimensional sphere assay. Corresponding proton RBE(Co60Eq) estimates were statistically significantly different from 1.1 ( P ≤.05): 1.31 to 1.77 (for a survival fraction of 0.5). In 3 of these lines, increased RBE was correlated with alterations in the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway of DNA repair. In Calu-6 cells, the data pointed toward an FA pathway defect, leading to a previously unreported persistence of proton-induced RAD51 foci. The FA/BRCA-defective cells displayed a 25% increase in the size of subnuclear 53BP1 foci 18 hours after proton irradiation. Conclusions Our cell line screen has revealed variations in proton RBE that are partly due to FA/BRCA pathway defects, suggesting that the use of a generic RBE for cancers should be revisited. We propose that functional biomarkers, such as size of residual 53BP1 foci, may be used to identify cancers with increased sensitivity to proton radiation.
Queering Transgender: Towards a Sociology of Transgender: A Review of: “TransForming Gender: Transgender Practices of Identity, Intimacy and Care. By Sally Hines.” Bristol, England: The Policy Press, 2007, 227 pages. Paperback, $34.00.

Pardo, Seth T. (2010) 'Queering Transgender: Towards a Sociologyof Transgender', Journal of Sex Research, First published on: 20 May 2010 (iFirst) Organized around the central tenet that the binary model of gender identityconceptualization is vastly limited for understanding transgender,
Diffraction-biased unstable ring resonators with possible applications in laser gyroscopes

The performance of laser gyroscopes is seriously limited at present by the lock-in phenomenon that occurs between the counter-propagating waves at low rotation rates or low values of the beat frequency between the two waves. To minimize or eliminate this lock-in phenomenon, different techniques such as mechanical dither and Faraday cell nonreciprocal-phase elements have been proposed and studied. Here a new idea is presented, which shows how nonreciprocal propagation and a zero-rotation-rate frequency offset can be obtained by a "diffraction-bias" technique employing differential spatial filtering in a negative-branch unstable ring resonator.
An approach to multirate control

Minimum phase continuous time plants of relative degree 2 or more are known to have nonminimum phase discrete time zeros under fast sampling. Remedies such as generalized sample and hold functions are known to produce poor intersample behaviour. Building on the work of Francis and Georgiou this paper proposes a multirate control scheme that requires plant compensation at a rate faster (generically by a factor of two) than the output sampling rate. The novelty of this work is the enunciation and analysis of a new class of up-samplers that alleviate poor intersample behaviour caused by previously proposed up-samplers. A major result of this paper shows that up-samplers that simply "hold" the new samples at the value of the immediate past sample value of the up-sampler input, suffice to remove the nonminimum phase problem for all plants that are minimum phase in continuous time.
Laparoscopic Live Donor Nephrectomy: A Critical Review of the Initial Experience

The techniques and early outcomes of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy are now appearing in the medical literature and the lay press. Certain advantages have been attributed to this approach to kidney removal compared with the well-established open surgical method. These include diminished morbidity, better cosmetic result, lower cost, shorter hospital stay, and a more rapid recovery. These claims will be carefully examined, and compared with the current practice of open live donor nephrectomy. The impact of either method of kidney removal on the anatomic and physiological integrity of the donor kidney will be examined.
The differential roles of budding yeast Tem1p, Cdc15p, and Bub2p protein dynamics in mitotic exit.

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the mitotic spindle must be positioned along the mother-bud axis to activate the mitotic exit network (MEN) in anaphase. To examine MEN proteins during...
Reference-state one-particle density-matrix theory

A density-matrix formalism is developed based on the one-particle density-matrix of a single-determinantal reference state. Unlike traditional density-functional-theory approaches, the $v$-representable problem does not appear in the proposed method, nor the need to introduce functionals defined by a constrained search. The correlation-energy functionals are nonuniversal, in the sense that they depend on the external potential. Nevertheless, model systems can still be used to derive universal energy functionals. Variational and nonvariational energy functionals are introduced that yield the target-state energy when the reference state---or its corresponding one-particle density matrix---is constructed from Brueckner orbitals. Nonvariational energy functionals yield generalized Hartree-Fock equations involving a nonlocal correlation potential and the Hartree-Fock exchange operator; these equations are obtained by imposing the Brillouin-Brueckner condition. The same equations---for the most part---are obtained from variational energy functionals using functional minimization, yielding the (kernel of the) correlation potential as the functional derivative of correlation-energy functionals. Approximations for the correlation-energy functions are introduced, including a one-particle-density-matrix variant of the local-density approximation, a variant of the Colle-Salvetti functional, and a linear combination of the two that is a variant of the correlation-energy functional within the hybrid, three-parameter, Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr density functional (B3LYP).
Association of number of live births with left ventricular structure and function. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background Pregnancy is associated with marked maternal cardiovascular/hemodynamic changes. A greater number of pregnancies may be associated with long-term subclinical changes in left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Methods Among 2,234 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese women (mean age 62 years) in the MESA, we used linear regression to relate live births and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging LV measures. Covariates included age, ethnicity, height, income, education, birth country, smoking, menopause, and oral contraceptive duration. Models were additionally adjusted for potential mediators: systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive use, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, diabetes, and body mass index. We performed sensitivity analyses excluding 763 women in the lowest socioeconomic group: annual income Results With each live birth, LV mass increased 1.26 g; LV end-diastolic volume, 0.74 mL; and LV end-systolic volume, 0.45 mL; LV ejection fraction decreased 0.18% ( P trend P trend ≤0.02) after excluding women in the lowest socioeconomic group. Conclusions Number of live births is associated with key LV structural and functional measures in middle to older ages, even after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Hemodynamic changes during pregnancy may be associated with cardiac structure/function beyond childbearing years.
Theoretical Treatment of Transverse Feedback Systems with Memory

The differential equation of the dipole moment of coherent oscillations in the presence of a feedback system is derived. The analysis, which starts in the time domain, is extended to the frequency domain; this allows a straightforward derivation of the damping rate for both coasting and bunched beams. The damping rate is expressed in terms of the transfer function of the feedback system and in a general form which takes into account the ..beta..-function and betatron phase modulation along the beam trajectory, the effect of memory arising from the finiteness of the system bandwidth, the effect of the time delay and of the betatron phase advance between detector and kicker. Some examples of the dependence of the damping rate on the feedback parameters are given.
Competition policy for developing countries: A long-run, entry-based approach

This paper describes key aspects of a long-run, entry-based approach to the design of competition policy for developing countries. A competition policy with the sole purpose of mitigating governmental, natural, and artificial barriers to entry best serves the goals of promoting the competitive process and fostering democracy. Freedom of entry is the sine qua non of the competitive process. Freedom of entry promotes the development of efficient, innovative firms capable of competing in international markets and ensures that market reforms will enhance social welfare.
Earning Management: Do Firms Play 'Follow the Leader'?

In this study we examine whether the reported performance of one firm affects the discretionary reporting behavior of another firm. We do this by identifying the leader within each industry, defined as the first large announcing firm. We find that the discretionary performance of followers (those firms announcing after the leader) relates positively to the leader’s reported performance. Specifically, when the leader misses analysts’ expectations, followers report lower discretionary accruals, have fewer income-decreasing special items, and are less likely to meet analysts’ expectations. In contrast, when leaders report good news, followers report higher discretionary accruals and are more likely to meet expectations (although we do not find evidence of a positive association between leaders’ good news and followers’ income-decreasing special items). Overall, the results are consistent with managers of followers perceiving that earnings news of the leader will affect investors’ and others’ performance expectations for their firms.
Novel assay for determining the metabolic fate of juvenile hormone III: A study with Drosophila melanogaster

A thin-layer chromatographic assay was developed for the resolution of hydrolytic and conjugative catabolites of juvenile hormone (JH). A singledimension, dual-development thin-layer system allowed complete resolution of the catabolites. Thus, this system provided a means for the rapid and economic analysis of JH hydrolysis even when different hydrolytic activities were present concurrently. Purified hydrolytic enzymes were found to be superior to chemical methods for the generation of small amounts of standards of JH catabolites. The relative levels of activities of an epoxide hydrolase and an esterase toward JH Ill were found to be similar in microsomal preparations from three lines of adult Drosophila rnelanogaster isolated from a field population. However, selection of flies by exposure to cut orange resulted in the elevation of levels of epoxide hydrolase activities, whereas esterase levels were not affected to the same extent. The formation of the JH acid-diol was not detected under the conditions of this study, suggesting that the JH acid and diol were not good substrates for epoxide hydrolase and juvenile hormone esterase, respectively.
Postdischarge adverse events related to sedation for diagnostic imaging in children.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the type and frequency of postdischarge adverse events related to sedation for elective diagnostic imaging in children and to determine if any patient or drug characteristics were associated with such adverse events. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of children younger than 18 years who underwent sedation for elective magnetic resonance imaging at a tertiary care hospital. We administered a postdischarge adverse event questionnaire to families within 3 to 5 days after sedation to assess adverse events such as behavioral changes, vomiting, recovery time to baseline status, and need for medical follow-up. Results: We enrolled 322 patients, of which 253 (78.5%) completed phone follow-up. The majority of study patients were male (58.1%) and belonged to American Society of Anesthesiologists category 2 (52.2%). A combination of pentobarbital and midazolam (53.4%) was the most commonly used sedation medication; 64.4% patients experienced postdischarge adverse events. The most common postdischarge adverse event reported were incoordination of movements (53.8%), dizziness (31.2%), and agitation (19.8%); 48.6% of patients required more than 9 hours to return to baseline behavior. No patient required evaluation at a medical facility for these postdischarge adverse events. Logistic regression analysis showed that use of pentobarbital and adverse event during sedation were significantly associated with postdischarge adverse events. Conclusions: Postdischarge adverse events related to sedation for diagnostic imaging are minor, mostly behavioral, but occur in a significant number of patients. Parents should be provided with detailed discharge instructions to anticipate such adverse events at home.
The calculation of radar cross‐section (RCS) using the TLM method

The calculation of the radar cross-section (RCS) of complex bodies using the symmetrical condensed TLM method is presented. The technique is based on a near-to-far field transformation of the TLM calculated near fields. Several two-dimensional examples are presented which validate the method. The main advantage of utilizing techniques such as TLM for RCS computation lies in the ability to model arbitrary bodies with complex material compositions.
Developing An IT Risk Assessment Framework

In today’s business environment, almost all information is captured and stored in electronic form. This digital storage of data in a networked environment provides far greater access to information than ever before. But unfortunately, this also exposes the organization to a variety of new threats that can have impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. Organizations need a way to understand their information risks and to create new strategies for addressing those risks. A systematic approach to assessing information security risks and developing an appropriate protection strategy is a major component of an effective information security and risk management program. This paper outlines an Analytic Hierarchy Process based approach for analyzing risk factors and sub factors and ascertaining the major areas of security elements where an organization should focus on.
Bringing Care to People Rather Than People to Care

The author reflects on place-based preventive dental care and problems with existing treatment for dental caries. He comments that from 1990 through 2010 the incidence and prevalence for untreated dental caries was unchanged and mentions a report that found the most prevalent condition across the world is untreated dental caries in permanent teeth. He talks about controlling dental caries using minimally invasive dentistry, place-based care, and community health workers.
SMOOTHED PARTICLE METHOD FOR STUDYING HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN FLUID AND SOLID

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshless Lagrangian method in which the domain is represented by particles. Each particle is assigned properties such as mass, pressure, density, temperature, and velocity. These properties are then evaluated at the particle positions using a smoothing kernel that integrates over the values of the surrounding particles. In the present study, the SPH method is first used to study the flow between infinite plates at different temperatures; velocity and temperature profiles are compared to the analytical solution and good agreements are found. Then, the SPH is further extended to study the heat transfer of an isothermal cylinder in a periodic flow. The velocity profile is found to be in good agreement with results provided in the literature, and the temperature field obtained seems reasonable. Finally, the natural convection of a heated cylinder in a square enclosure is studied. For this, the discretized version of the heat equation is used in conjunction with the Boussinesq approximation. The results between the SPH with and without a tensile instability are compared.© 2014 ASME
Heat shock protects L6 myotubes from catabolic effects of dexamethasone and prevents downregulation of NF-κB

Glucocorticoids are the most important mediator of muscle cachexia in various catabolic conditions. Recent studies suggest that the transcription factor NF-κB acts as a suppressor of genes in the u...
Determining a Reasonable Percentage in Establishing a Contingency Fee: A New Tool to Remedy an Old Problem

The indiscriminate use of contingency fee contracts providing for a one-third fee paid contingent upon either damages awarded to and received by the plaintiff or settlement amounts paid to the plaintiff is an important issue. This article first describes what is wrong with the one-third model, the response of the legal system to unreasonable contingency fees, and the mixed beliefs on obtaining a reasonable contingency fee percentage. The article then uses mathematics and law to construct a computerized, mathematical model that can be used to calculate a contingency fee tailored to each client’s case. The author uses statistical analysis to estimate the pertinent factors to determine a contingency fee: projected hours, hourly wage, projected costs fronted, risk multiplier, and projected recovery. Before concluding, the article assesses the benefits and drawbacks of this new mathematical model.
Seasonal occurrence of fleas (Siphonaptera) on rodents in a foothills habitat in Larimer County, Colorado, USA.

During a flea ecology study from January 1974 to January 1975, rodents were livetrapped in fifty-five 24-h periods and examined for ectoparasites in a foothills habitat in Larimer County, Colorado. The most commonly recovered rodents were Peromyscus maniculatus (1293), P. difficilis (143), and Neotoma mexicana (38). No host specificity was shown by the fleas of Peromyscus and associated small mammals. Marked seasonal variations in the percentage of P. maniculatus with fleas, numbers of fleas per mouse, and in specific composition of the flea population were noted.
Epidemiology of rodent-borne diseases in coastal area in southern Zhejiang

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rodent-borne diseases,such as plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome( HFRS) and leptospirosis,in coastal area( Wenzhou) of southern Zhejiang province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rodent borne diseases. Methods The incidence data of rodent-borne diseases in Wenzhou from 2004 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with software excel 2003. Results The coastal area in southern Zhejiang was endemic area of rodent-borne diseases,plague,hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis were reported during the past 6 decades. A total of 165 cases of rodent-borne diseases were reported from2004 to 2012,including 113 HFRS cases,3 leptospirosis cases,49 scrub typhus cases. No plague cases were reported due to its silent period. The incidence of HFRS began to increase gradually in 2011. Leptospirosis was first reported in1960 s,the incidence once reached 445 /lakh but it has declined since 1980 s. Scrub typhus has been reported since1950 s,and the incidence increased recently. Sixteen species of rodents have been discovered since 1984, the predominant species were Rattus norvegicus,Suncus murinus and Rattus flavipectus. Conclusion Several species of rodents,which can transmit diseases,have been discovered in the coastal area of southern Zhejiang. It is important to strengthen the surveillance of rodent borne diseases and the control of rodent density in this area.
Exploration of Application Principles of Case-Based Teaching of College Ideo-Political Courses

As college ideo-political education progresses,case-based teaching has become a common practice.In the practice of ideo-political education,the application of case-based strategy requires integrating common situations and particularities,ideology and interest-raising,theory and practice.When implementing case-based strategy,it is important to combine the teacher's leading role and students' participation,the open-ended classroom activity and teaching principles,the case-based strategy and traditional methods.
Arthroscopic Repair of an Isolated Teres Minor Tear: A Case Report.

Case: Isolated avulsion of the teres minor tendon is exceedingly uncommon and, to our knowledge, the presentation and arthroscopic repair of this type of injury have not been described. Known musculotendinous avulsions about the shoulder frequently involve the supraspinatus, long head of the biceps, and pectoralis major. Conclusion: We present the case of a patient with an isolated teres minor avulsion and an otherwise intact rotator cuff. The patient underwent successful arthroscopic repair and rehabilitation, allowing for a return to the pre-injury level of function.
Geriatrician-Led Patient Safety Rounds at the Bedside with 4th Year Medical Students and an Interdisciplinary Team at a Rural Long-Term Care Facility: a Pilot Project to Align Geriatric Competencies with Milestones and Entrustable Professional Activities

This pilot project provides a bedside teaching experience on geriatric patient safety for 4th year medical students via an interdisciplinary team approach at a rural long-term care facility. It is aligned with Milestones and Entrustable Professional Activities. The instructional approach can be adopted to develop a competence-based curriculum in undergraduate medical education.
Thermotropic activity of apomorphine in the rabbit: a central site of action

Summary Microinjection of apomorphine into the lateral or third cerebral ventricle evoked an increase in the colonic temperatures of stanchion-restrained rabbits. Lower doses of apomorphine administered into the third ventricle elicited a reduction in temperature; hyperthermic doses injected into the third ventricle after systemic pretreatment with haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist, lowered temperature. Central pretreatment with haloperidol in either cerebral ventricle produced a dose-related antagonism of the hyperthermic response to intravenously administered apomorphine. It was concluded that apomorphine possesses centrally mediated thermotropic properties, including dopaminergic hyperthermic and nondopaminergic hypothermic actions.
Effects of trunk stability exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with changes in chair height on the gait of patients who had a stroke

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of trunk stability exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with changes in chair heights on the gait of stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 11 stroke patients. The intervention method was trunk stability exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with different chair heights (50, 60, and 70 cm). These exercises were performed 5 times per week for 6 weeks. Gait velocity, cadence, stride length, gait cycle, and stance phase duration were used to measure gait function. [Results] Significant changes in gait velocity, cadence, and stride length were observed on the affected side. However, no significant changes in gait cycle and stance phase were observed on the affected side. [Conclusion] These results indicate that trunk stability exercise using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation with change in chair heights were effective in improving gait velocity, cadence, and stride length on the affected side. However, in this study, no significant changes were observed in gait cycle and stance phase on the affected side. Therefore, various interventions for stroke patients should be investigated in further studies.
Selective Confirmation, Bootstrapping, and Theoretical Constants

Clark Glymour’s “bootstrap” account of confirmation rightly stresses the importance of selective confirmation of individual hypotheses, on the one hand, and the determination of theoretical constants, on the other. But in our view it is marred by a failure to deal with the problem of confounding, illustrated by the demonstration of a causal link between smoking and lung cancer, and by the apparent circularity of bootstrap testing (which is distinguished from statistical bootstrapping). Glymour’s proper insistence on a variety of evidence is built into our account of evidence and not added on as a way of handling the apparent circularity in his account. We discuss and dissolve his well-known charge against Bayesian theories of confirmation, that they lead to the paradox of “old evidence,” in Chap. 9.
Gait Disorders: Classification and Epidemiology (P4.313)

Objective: To study the clinic and demographics of patients presenting with various gait disorders using Nutt, Marsden and Thompson classification. Background: The disorders that affect gait are multifactorial and initial manifestations are subtle to differentiate from normal. The detection of these orders is further complicated in patients with growing age. Most of these patients adapt a cautious walking ranging from slowness to flexing posture to overcome these orders in propelling themselves for the initiation of mobility. Methods: The study is a single center retrospective chart review of patients presenting to the movement disorder clinic /Cleveland Clinic Florida with an abnormality of gait carrying the ICD-9 code of 781.2 from January 2004 to February 2012 were studied. The deficits contributing the gait abnormality were classified into various levels (Low, Middle and High) using Nutt, Marsden and Thompson Classification. The demographics, prevalence and clinical conditions across various levels were analyzed. Results: A total of 733 electronic medical records are included. 53[percnt] (387) of them are males and 47[percnt] (346) are females. The order in frequency in reporting of gait disorders is from the middle level (294) and attributable to Parkinson’s/Parkinsonism disease (199) & Cerebellar ataxia (73), middle-low level (233) attributable to Parkinson’s/Parkinsonism in combination with OA (48), high level (98) attributable to Vascular Parkinsonism (30). Conclusion: The most common cause contributing for gait abnormality in our study group is from middle level followed by low-middle level and high level. In our study group falls were seen among all the levels with differential abnormalities in gait pattern, rigidity, pyramidal signs and cognition. Disclosure: Dr. Boddepalli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kurako has nothing to disclose. Dr. Galvez-Jimenez has received personal compensations for activities with GSK and Allergan as a speaker.
The Heritable Basis of Congenital Heart Disease: Past, Present, and Future.

A heritable basis for congenital heart disease was probably first suggested more than a century ago by a report of 3 cyanotic siblings.1 In the early 1960s, Zetterqvist in Sweden and Pitt in Australia convincingly demonstrated autosomal dominant inheritance in 2 large, extended families who had atrial septal defects (ASDs) and tetralogy of Fallot, respectively.2,3 Of note, Pitt ascertained the diagnosis in 215 of 275 descendants of one man spanning 6 generations, many of whom he personally examined! In contrast, it took at least 2 dozen people to identify a missense mutation of α-cardiac actin ( ACTC1 ) as the cause of ASDs in the Swedish family.4 Their work, published in 2008, used linkage analysis, positional cloning, and Sanger DNA sequencing to diagnose one genetic mutation. Just 8 years later, White, Garg, and colleagues report in this issue their whole-exome sequencing (WES) analyses of 9 families. They identify the likely mutation in 3 families who had either ASDs or patent ductus arteriosus. Their stated goal was to demonstrate the clinical utility of WES in familial congenital heart disease.5 More broadly, their results highlight how far the field has come and how far it has to go in bringing genetics to pediatric cardiology. Article, see p 320 WES evaluates the ≈1% of the genome that encodes proteins. If a person’s disease is caused by a mutation in the exome, the sequence variant should be present in the WES output file of ≈3×107 nucleotides. A well-considered experimental design and bioinformatic pipeline are needed to filter the most plausible candidates from thousands of irrelevant variants. The investigators began by selecting families that demonstrate Mendelian patterns of a specific congenital heart defect, such as tetralogy of Fallot. Whether requiring the same defect in every affected family member increases the …
#GirlsLikeUs: Trans advocacy and community building online:

In this research, we examine the advocacy and community building of transgender women on Twitter through methods of network and discourse analysis and the theory of networked counterpublics. By highlighting the network structure and discursive meaning making of the #GirlsLikeUs network, we argue that the digital labor of trans women, especially trans women of color, represents the vanguard of struggles over self-definition. We find that trans women on Twitter, led by Janet Mock and Laverne Cox, and in response to histories of misrepresentation and ongoing marginalization and violence, deliberately curate an intersectional networked counterpublic that works to legitimize and support trans identities and advocate for trans autonomy in larger publics and counterpublics.
Building the Sun4Cast System: Improvements in Solar Power Forecasting

AbstractAs integration of solar power into the national electric grid rapidly increases, it becomes imperative to improve forecasting of this highly variable renewable resource. Thus, a team of researchers from the public, private, and academic sectors partnered to develop and assess a new solar power forecasting system, Sun4Cast. The partnership focused on improving decision-making for utilities and independent system operators, ultimately resulting in improved grid stability and cost savings for consumers. The project followed a value chain approach to determine key research and technology needs to reach desired results.Sun4Cast integrates various forecasting technologies across a spectrum of temporal and spatial scales to predict surface solar irradiance. Anchoring the system is WRF-Solar, a version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather prediction (NWP) model optimized for solar irradiance prediction. Forecasts from multiple NWP models are blended via the Dynamic Integrated Fo...