cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computation of the main and fringe fields for the electrostatic quadrupoles of the Muon g − 2 storage ring

We developed a highly accurate and fully Maxwellian conformal mapping method for calculation of main fields of electrostatic particle optical elements. A remarkable advantage of this method is the possibility of rapid recalculations with geometric asymmetries and mispowered plates. We used this conformal mapping method to calculate the multipole terms of the high voltage quadrupoles in the storage ring of the Muon g−2 Experiment (FNAL-E-0989). Next, we demonstrate that an effect where the observed tunes correspond to a voltage that is about 4% higher compared to the voltage to which the Muon g−2 quadrupoles are set is explained by the conceptual and quantitative differences between the beam optics quadrupole voltage and the quadrupole voltage at the plates. Completing the methodological framework for field computations, we present a method for extracting multipole strength falloffs of a particle optical element from a set of Fourier mode falloffs. We calculated the quadrupole strength falloff and its effective field boundary (EFB) for the Muon g−2 quadrupole, which has explained the experimentally measured tunes, while simple estimates based on a linear model exhibited discrepancies up to 2%.
Imipenem-Cilastatin-Relebactam: A Novel β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections.

Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam (IMI-REL) is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination recently approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) and complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs). Relebactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor with the ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of β-lactamases such as class A and class C β-lactamases, including carbapenemases. The addition of relebactam to imipenem restores imipenem activity against several imipenem-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical data demonstrate that IMI-REL is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of cUTIs and cIAIs due to imipenem-resistant bacteria. In a phase III trial comparing IMI-REL with imipenem plus colistin, favorable clinical response was achieved in 71% and 70% of patients, respectively. Available clinical and pharmacokinetic data support the approved dosage of a 30-minute infusion of imipenem 500 mg-cilastatin 500 mg-relebactam 250 mg every 6 hours, along with dosage adjustments based on renal function. In this review, we describe the chemistry, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy, and safety and tolerability of this new agent. The approval of IMI-REL represents another important step in the ongoing fight against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens.
Does the Oral-Anal Transit Test Correlate with Colonic Manometry Findings in Children with Refractory Constipation?

Purpose The Oral-anal Transit Test (OTT) is a simple method of obtaining information about colonic transit. We aim to assess the correlation of OTT with the neuromuscular integrity of the colon determined by colonic manometry (CM). Methods All patients who had OTT followed by CM were evaluated. Less than 6 of 24 markers remaining on OTT was considered normal. CM was performed per previously published guidelines. A normal CM was defined as at least one High Amplitude Propagating Contraction progressing from the most proximal sensor through the sigmoid colon. Results A total of 34 patients underwent both OTT and CM (44% male, age 4-18 years, mean 11.5 years, 97% functional constipation +/- soiling, Hirschsprung's Disease). Of normal and abnormal OTT patients, 85.7% (6/7) and 18.5% (5/27) respectively had normal CM. When all markers progressed to at least the sigmoid colon, this was 100% predictive against colonic inertia. Greater than 50% of patients with manometric isolated sigmoid dysfunction had markers proximal to the recto-sigmoid. Conclusion OTT and CM are both valuable studies that assess different aspects of colonic function. OTT can be used as a screening test to rule out colonic inertia. However, the most proximal extent of remaining markers does not predict the anatomical extent of the manometric abnormality, particularly in isolated sigmoid dysfunction.
Clinical, radiological, and genomic features of BRAF V600E-mutated adult glioblastoma.

2554Background: Although uncommon, detection of a BRAF V600E mutation in adult patients with glioblastoma has become relevant given the increased availability of NGS and encouraging therapeutic act...
An evaluation of subcutaneous apomorphine for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Heterogeneity of symptoms and individual variability of progression characterizes Parkinson’s disease. Unmet therapeutic needs include a cure, disease modification, and improvement of available mar...
HIF-1α inhibition alleviates the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in rats with peripheral artery disease induced by femoral artery occlusion.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor mediating adaptive responses to hypoxia and ischemia. Our previous work showed that HIF-1α is increased in muscle sensory nerves of rats with peripheral artery disease (PAD) induced by femoral artery occlusion. The present study was further to examine the role played by HIF-1α in regulating the response of arterial blood pressure (BP) to the activation of muscle afferent nerve during static muscle contraction in rats with femoral artery occlusion. A rat model of femoral artery ligation was used to study PAD in this study. Western blot analysis was employed to examine the protein levels of HIF-1α in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues. BAY87, a synthesized compound with the characteristics of highly potent and specific suppressive effects on expression and activity of HIF-1α, was given into the arterial blood supply of the ischemic hindlimb muscles before the exercise pressor reflex was evoked by static muscle contraction. First, HIF-1α was increased in the DRG of occluded limbs (optical density: 0.89 ± 0.13 in control versus 1.5 ± 0.05 in occlusion; p 0.05, n = 5 in each group). In addition, muscle contraction evoked a greater increase in BP in occluded rats. BAY87 attenuated the enhanced BP response in occluded rats to a greater degree than in control rats. Our data suggest that the inhibition of HIF-1α alleviates the exaggeration of the exercise pressor reflex in rats under ischemic circumstances of the hindlimbs in PAD induced by femoral artery occlusion.
The effectivness of daily consumption of 50 g dried plum on improving indices of bone turnover in osteopenic postmenopausal women (1027.5)

Our findings in osteopenic postmenopausal women indicated that daily consumption of 100 g dried plum for one year is highly effective in increasing bone mineral density as well as improving the ind...
Introductory computing: the design discipline

The goal of this paper is to present in context the key didactical principles behind the ProgrambyDesign curricula, motivate the need for the supporting software, and describe in detail the HowtoDesignClasses component for teaching introductory object oriented program design using Java and Java-like languages. The key innovations are a systematic test-first program design, and the introduction of programming language concepts by designing abstractions based on existing programs.
Controlling Conflicts of Interest: What can the Securities and Exchange Commission Learn from Movie Critics?

Much attention is being focused on the conflicts of interest of many research analysts' who recommend stocks for investors. These research analysts work for financial institutions that also have investment banking departments. As a result, these analysts have faced great pressure to write positive research reports about companies with which their employers have current or prospective investment banking business. Unfortunately this pressure has resulted in analysts giving biased recommendations in favor of these companies, harming investors who relied on these recommendations. In response to this bias, the Securities and Exchange Commission, other regulatory organizations, and the courts have recently imposed a number of rules and regulations on research analysts. These reforms are targeted at reducing and publicly disclosing analysts' conflict of interests. To test whether these reforms are likely to be successful in reducing analysts' bias, this Article empirically examines the behavior of another group of professionals - movie critics - who are in a situation with many parallels to research analysts. Many prominent movie critics now regularly review movies that are distributed by subsidiaries of the critics' parent companies. Despite these parallels, this Article finds no systematic bias in these critics' movie reviews. This lack of bias can be attributed to significant differences between the organizational structure and financial incentives facing movie critics and those facing research analysts. Because many of the recent reforms targeted at research analysts will make their organizational structure and financial incentives more like those of movie critics, this Article provides empirical support for the conclusion that such reforms will reduce research analysts' bias. However, other of the reforms, such as those mandating public disclosure of the analysts' conflicts of interest, may be unnecessary or even harmful to investors.
Robots and Privacy

It is not hard to imagine why robots raise privacy concerns. Practically by definition, robots are equipped with the ability to sense, process, and record the world around them. Robots can go places humans cannot go, see things humans cannot see. Robots are, first and foremost, a human instrument. And after industrial manufacturing, the principle use to which we’ve put that instrument has been surveillance. Yet increasing the power to observe is just one of ways in which robots may implicate privacy within the next decade. This chapter breaks the effects of robots on privacy into three categories — direct surveillance, increased access, and social meaning — with the goal of introducing the reader to a wide variety of issues. Where possible, the chapter points toward ways in which we might mitigate or redress the potential impact of robots on privacy, but acknowledges that in some cases redress will be difficult under the current state of privacy law.
Face image retrieval using HMMs

The paper introduces a new face recognition system that can be used to index (and thus retrieve) images and videos of a database of faces. New face recognition approaches are needed because, although much progress has been made to identify face taken from different viewpoints, we still cannot robustly identify faces under different illumination conditions, or when the facial expression changes, or when a part of the face is occluded on account of glasses or parts of clothing. When face recognition methods have worked in the past, it was only when all possible "image variations" were learned. Principal components analysis (PCA) and Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) are well-known cases of such methods. We present a different approach to the indexing of face images. Our approach is based on identifying frontal faces and it allows reasonable variability in facial expressions, illumination conditions, and occlusions caused by eye-wear or items of clothing such as scarves. We divide a face image into n different regions, analyze each region with PCA, and then use a Bayesian approach to find the best possible global match between a query image and a database image. The relationships between the n parts is modeled by using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs).
Cloud Forms on Saturn

The imaging photopolarimeter on Pioneer Saturn provided spin-scan images of Saturn's cloudtops. Only subtle departures from a uniform brightness distribution were apparent, except in the polar regions. At other latitudes the images show only a few features; they primarily support the conclusion that the visible atmosphere is a deep haze. Belts and zones are seen, and some detail in a zone near + or - 60 deg latitude. The North Equatorial Belt consists of two dark belts separated by a brighter zone exhibiting longitudinal structure.
Cost-effectiveness as an outcome in randomized clinical trials

BackgroundEconomic outcomes are now included in many contemporary randomized trials and provide an additional dimension to the assessment of interventions. Economic data collection and analysis pos...
Irregular Grid Finite-Difference Techniques: Simulations of Oscillations in Shallow Circular Basins

Abstract Finite-difference techniques for irregular computational grids are presented. Successful simulations of transient normal mode oscillations in shallow circular basins, where analytic solutions are known, demonstrate that these techniques can yield accurate results, even in situations involving a curved boundary. These techniques should prove to be quite useful for numerically forecasting storm surges in bays and estuaries where calculations are complicated by the curving coastline.
Triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems: From synthesis to therapy

The use of triazine dendrimers as drug delivery systems benefits from their synthetic versatility and well-defined structure. Triazine dendrimers can be designed and readily synthesized to display orthogonally functional surfaces that facilitate post-synthetic manipulation such as attachment of drug, PEGylation, and/or the installation of ligands or reporting groups. The synthesis is scalable, and large generations can be accessed. To date, triazine dendrimers have been probed for a variety of medicinal applications including drug delivery with an emphasis on cancer, nonviral DNA and RNA delivery systems, in sensing applications, and as bioactive materials. Specifically, triazine adducts with paclitaxel, camptothecin, brefeldin A, and desferrioxamine have been prepared and assessed. Paclitaxel constructs show promising activity in vivo. The use of these materials in fluorescence-based glucose sensors is being pursued. Glycosylated triazine dendrimers interfere with signal transduction in the Toll-4 receptor pathway.
New functions for an ancient domain.

Macrodomains function as binding modules for metabolites of NAD+, including poly(ADP-ribose). Three new studies explore how binding of poly(ADP-ribose) by the macrodomains of histone variant macroH2A1.1 and the ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein ALC1 (also called CHD1L) leads to the modulation of chromatin structure, regulating nuclear functions such as DNA-damage detection and repair.
A Preliminary Report on the Vitamin G Requirement of Turkeys

Abstract ONE of the factors influencing growth in animals is vitamin G. Considerable quantities of milk are used in turkey feeding. It is important, therefore, to furnish a sufficient amount for the well-being of the animal and not to include more than is sufficient for the sake of economy. EXPERIMENTAL White Holland turkeys were used in this experiment. Each lot contained 20 poults. The following ration was fed: per cent Corn meal 33 Flour wheat middlings 20 Wheat bran 15 Steam bone meal 3 Ground limestone 1½ Iodized salt ½ Cod liver oil 2 Liver meal 0–8 To make up 100% Purified casein 11.40–16.56 Corn starch 5.51–8.44 The protein content of all the rations was maintained at 24 percent. Liver meal was added in varying amounts as a source of vitamin G according to the following schedule: Lot 5 was fed a commercial ration the first week. It . . .
Comparison of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression for evaluation of the perioperative inflammatory response in patients with advanced heart failure.

Background Heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing in the United States. Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) therapy is an option for Advanced HF (AdHF) patients. Perioperatively, multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) is linked to the effects of device implantation, augmented by preexisting HF. Early recognition of MOD allows for better diagnosis, treatment, and risk prediction. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was used to evaluate clinical phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptomes obtained from patients' blood samples. Whole blood (WB) samples are clinically more feasible, but their performance in comparison to PBMC samples has not been determined. Methods We collected blood samples from 31 HF patients (57±15 years old) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery and 7 healthy age-matched controls, between 2010 and 2011, at a single institution. WB and PBMC samples were collected at a single timepoint postoperatively (median day 8 postoperatively) (25-75% IQR 7-14 days) and subjected to Illumina single color Human BeadChip HT12 v4 whole genome expression array analysis. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was used to characterize the severity of MOD into low (≤ 4 points), intermediate (5-11), and high (≥ 12) risk categories correlating with GEP. Results Results indicate that the direction of change in GEP of individuals with MOD as compared to controls is similar when determined from PBMC versus WB. The main enriched terms by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis included those involved in the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and other stress response related pathways. The data revealed 35 significant GO categories and 26 pathways overlapping between PBMC and WB. Additionally, class prediction using machine learning tools demonstrated that the subset of significant genes shared by PBMC and WB are sufficient to train as a predictor separating the SOFA groups. Conclusion GEP analysis of WB has the potential to become a clinical tool for immune-monitoring in patients with MOD.
STABILITY OF SYNCHRONOUS CHAOS AND ON-OFF INTERMITTENCY IN COUPLED MAP LATTICES

In this paper we consider the stability of synchronous chaos in lattices of coupled $N$-dimensional maps. For global coupling, we derive explicit conditions for computing the parameter values at which the synchronous chaotic attractor becomes unstable and bifurcates into asynchronous chaos. In particular, we show that after the bifurcation one generally observes on-off intermittency, a process in which the entire system evolves nearly synchronously (but chaotically) for long periods of time, which are interrupted by brief bursts away from synchrony. For nearest-neighbor coupled systems, however, we show that the stability of the synchronous chaotic state is a function of the system size. In particular, for large systems, we will not be able to observe synchronous chaos. We derive a condition relating the local map's largest Lyapunov exponent to the maximal system size under which one can still observe synchronous chaos and on-off intermittency. Other issues related to the characterization of on-off intermittent signals are also discussed.
Prediction of the aqueous solubility: comparison of the general solubility equation and the method using an amended solvation energy relationship.

An Amended Solvation Energy Relationship (ASER) was recently reported to successfully predict the aqueous solubilities of a set of 664 organic compounds. The average absolute error and root mean square error are 0.43 and 0.62 log units, respectively. When the General Solubility Equation (GSE) is applied to the same set of compounds, it gives an average absolute error of 0.45 log units and a root mean square error of 0.62 log units. These results are similar to those of the ASER method. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. It is shown that when the two methods agree with each other, they also agree with the experimentally determined values.
A switch-level test generation system for synchronous and asynchronous circuits

A switch-level test generation system for synchronous and asynchronous circuits has been developed in which a new algorithm for fully automatic switch-level test generation and an existing fault simulator have been integrated. For test generation, a switch-level circuit is modeled as a logic network that correctly models the behavior of the switch-level including bidirectionality, dynamic charge storage, and ratioed logic. The algorithm is able to generate tests for combinational and sequential circuits. BothnMOS and CMOS circuits can be modeled. In addition to the classical line stuck-at faults, the algorithm is able to handle stuck-open and stuck-closed faults on the transistors of the circuit. In synchronous circuits, the time-frame based algorithm uses asynchronous processing within each clock phase to achieve stability in the circuit and synchronous processing between clock phases to model the passage of time. In asynchronous circuits, the algorithm uses asynchronous processing to reach stability within and between modules. Unlike earlier time-frame based test generators for general sequential circuits, the test generator presented uses the monotonicity of the logic network to speed up the search for a solution. Results on benchmark circuits show that the test generator outperforms an existing switch-level test generator both in time and space requirements. The algorithm is adaptable to mixed-level test generation.
Induction of recurrent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with myelin basic protein

Recurrent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Lewis rats by inoculation of human myelin basic protein (MBP) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The animals developed clinical disease characterized by unsteadiness, ataxic gait, and abnormal posturing of the limbs. Spontaneous remissions and relapses were noted for periods up to 120 days. Histologically there were perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells, especially prominent in the cerebellar white matter. There was little evidence of demyelination. This study demonstrates that relapsing EAE may be induced with MBP in the rat. Sensitization with other myelin antigens is not required, although immunity to such antigens may be necessary to induce demyelination. It is postulated that relapsing EAE may be associated with a defect in suppressor cell function.
Prevalence of QTc prolongation in women with mitral valve prolapse

Abstract This report defines the prevalence of QTc prolongation in women with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Prolongation of the QTc interval in patients with MVP has been reported in several studies. 1–5 The incidence in these studies has been variable, ranging from 91 1 to 26%. 5 Not all investigations, however, have found a correlation between MVP and prolonged QTc intervals. 6,7 The Framingham study revealed no evidence of QT prolongation in association with MVP. 8 The incidence of QTc prolongation has clinical significance because several investigators have implied a relation between this repolarization abnormality and sudden death in patients with MVP. 9,10
Organ-specific effects of naphthalene on tissue peroxidation, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in the rat.

Male, weanling Blue-Spruce rats were treated with naphthalene (p.o.) in defined dose increments up to 750 mg/kg body weight over 9 weeks. At necropsy, treated rats showed a 20% decrease in body weight compared to controls. Naphthalene treatment resulted in enhanced peroxidation (p<0.001) only in the liver. This increased peroxidation was associated with reductions (p<0.05) in the activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in hepatic cytosolic fractions and an associated increase (p<0.05) in the selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase. No increase in peroxidation was observed in the lung, eye or heart of these rats and the activities of the selenoenzyme and the selenium-independent glutathione peroxidases were also unaffected by naphthalene in these organs. Naphthalene also did not affect superoxide dismutase activity in any of the organs examined. Thus, in addition to the known effects of naphthalene on tissue glutathione, naphthalene-induced reductions in the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase can also contribute to peroxidation in the liver and must be considered as a contributing factor in naphthalene toxicity in vivo.
Dielectric relaxation in hydroxy apatite

Abstract Dielectric loss experiments on hydroxy apatite show that at RT the frequency of dipole reorientation is 3.5 × 104 Hz: the activation energy involved is 0.2 eV. The average chain length over which ferro electric ordening occurs is found to be 1000–5000 A.
Embryonic origin of avian corneal sensory nerves.

Sensory nerves play a vital role in maintaining corneal transparency. They originate in the trigeminal ganglion, which is derived from two embryonic cell populations (cranial neural crest and ectodermal placode). Nonetheless, it is unclear whether corneal nerves arise from neural crest, from placode, or from both. Quail-chick chimeras and species-specific antibodies allowed tracing quail-derived neural crest or placode cells during trigeminal ganglion and corneal development, and after ablation of either neural crest or placode. Neural crest chimeras showed quail nuclei in the proximal part of the trigeminal ganglion, and quail nerves in the pericorneal nerve ring and in the cornea. In sharp contrast, placode chimeras showed quail nuclei in the distal part of the trigeminal ganglion, but no quail nerves in the cornea or in the pericorneal nerve ring. Quail placode-derived nerves were present, however, in the eyelids. Neural crest ablation between stages 8 and 9 resulted in diminished trigeminal ganglia and absence of corneal innervation. Ablation of placode after stage 11 resulted in loss of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglion and reduced corneal innervation. Noninnervated corneas still became transparent. These results indicate for the first time that although both neural crest and placode contribute to the trigeminal ganglion, corneal innervation is entirely neural crest-derived. Nonetheless, proper corneal innervation requires presence of both cell types in the embryonic trigeminal ganglion. Also, complete lack of innervation has no discernible effect on development of corneal transparency or cell densities.
Stratigraphy of Montesano Formation, Washington: ABSTRACT

The Montesano Formation is known to occur over about 250 square miles of Grays Harbor basin. Eight stratigraphic sections were measured along the branches of the Wishkah and Satsop Rivers, the Wynoochee River, and the Canyon River. Exposures of the Montesano Formation along the Middle Fork of the Wishkah River are designated the type section. There it is 2,500 feet thick and is composed of 1,500 feet of fine-grained sandstone, with small amounts of pebble conglomerate and mudstone, overlain by 1,000 feet of tuffaceous mudstone and sandy siltstone. Toward the east the thickness of the formation averages only 1,800 feet, and it is composed principally of fine- to medium-grained sandstone, pebbly sandstone, and conglomerate. Along the West Fork of the Satsop River, an abnorm lly thick sequence of thin-bedded to laminated, tuffaceous mudstone and very fine-grained sandstone at least 1,100 feet thick contributes to a formation thickness that may exceed 3,000 feet. Deposition took place in a sea which was transgressing eastward across a broad, east-west-trending embayment. Estimated water depths ranged from sea-level to more than 3,000 feet. The upper parts of the eastern sections apparently represent a regressive phase. Turbidite deposition in a partly closed basin was the principal cause of the abnormally thick accumulation of the thin-bedded sequence mentioned previously. Foraminiferal evidence places the Montesano Formation mainly in the upper Miocene. It is unconformable on the lower Miocene Astoria and Oligocene Lincoln Formations. A unit sometimes referred to as the Satsop Formation, and questionably considered to be Plio-Pleistocene, overlies the Montesano unconformably. End_of_Article - Last_Page 647------------
Ergodicity conditions and invariant probability measure for an embedded Markov chain in a controlled bulk queueing system with a bilevel service delay discipline part II

Abstract The authors introduce and study a class of bulk queueing systems with a compound Poisson input modulated by a semi-Markov process, a general multilevel control service and a queue length dependent service delay discipline. A necessary and sufficient condition for the ergodicity of an embedded Markov chain describing the evolution of the queue is established and its stationary distribution is obtained.
THE USE OF RABIES IMMUNE GLOBULIN BY EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS

We sought to determine the incidence of practice patterns by emergency physicians that are non-compliant with present day World Health Organization recommendations regarding the administration of rabies immune globulin (RIG) in the prophylaxis of rabies. Of the 110 patients receiving RIG for rabies-prone wounds, 46 patients (41.8%; 95% CI 32-51.6%) were felt to have received the immunoglobulin in improper amounts at the bite site. In 43 of these 46 patients (92.8%; 95% CI 81.1-98.3%), there was a physician-written order on the chart directing the RIG be given in the older 50:50 method (one-half at the bite site, one-half elsewhere). Large numbers of patients still receive RIG inappropriately according to World Health Organization guidelines and more recently issued recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Treatment failures have been felt to occur secondary to inadequate RIG levels in wounds prophylaxed using the outdated recommendation. Emergency physicians need to be well versed and up to date with newer guidelines when prophylaxing patients for possible rabies exposure.
Parity mixing of elastic scattering resonances: General theory and application to /sup 14/N

We consider the elastic scattering of nucleons from spin (1/2) targets via parity-mixed resonances and derive expressions for the longitudinal parity nonconserving analyzing power. We neglect any direct parity nonconserving processes: the parity nonconservation being assumed to be due solely to the resonances. We then consider a particularly interesting example: the scattering of protons by /sup 13/C over 0/sup +/ and 0/sup -/ I = 1 resonances. We show that in this case longitudinal analyzing power measurements yield, with little theoretical uncertainty, the parity nonconserving matrix element between the 0/sup +/ and 0/sup -/ levels. The large width of the 0/sup -/(2s/sub 1/2/) resonance compared to that of the 0/sup +/(1p/sub 1/2/) resonance produces a significant enhancement of the predicted effect. Because of the large size of elastic scattering cross sections a longitudinal analyzing power experiment can achieve small statistical errors. The /sup 14/N resonances are especially interesting because the mixing is essentially pure ..delta..I = 0. .AE
Comments on Jacobson et al.'s proposal for a wind, water, and solar energy future for New York State

Abstract Jacobson et al. (2013) recently published a paper arguing the feasibility of meeting all of the energy demands in New York State with wind, solar, and water resources. In this forum we suggest that the authors do not present sufficient analysis to demonstrate the technical, economic, and social feasibility of their proposed strategy.
The Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual: An Effort to Compensate for the Limitations of Descriptive Psychiatric Diagnosis

This article describes, from the perspective of a participant in the process, the background of and rationale for the development of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM), a classification system based on both long-standing clinical observation and recent empirical research. It was hoped that the PDM would compensate for some of the unintended negative consequences to practitioners and their clients of uncritical reliance on descriptive psychiatric taxonomies such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association. A shared and motivating experience of the contributors to the PDM was dismay at how the dominance of a narrow, descriptive-psychiatry model has promoted the decline of the empirically sound and clinically valuable idiographic tradition, in which clients' difficulties are conceptualized in the context of their unique personalities, developmental challenges, and life contexts. Strengths and limitations of the new manual are discussed, as are ideas about its clinical utility.
A History Of Western Education by Harry G. Good and James D. Teller. London: The Macmillan Co., 1969. 630 pp. $9.95

(1970). A History Of Western Education by Harry G. Good and James D. Teller. London: The Macmillan Co., 1969. 630 pp. $9.95. The Educational Forum: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 590-591.
Improved spatial localization based on flow-moment-nulled and intra-voxel incoherent motion-weighted fMRI.

Functional MRI signal based on the blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast can reveal brain vascular activities secondary to neuronal activation. It could, however, arise from vascular compartments of all sizes, and in particular, be largely influenced by contributions of large vein origins that are distant from the neuronal activities. Alternative contrasts can be generated based on the cerebral blood flow or volume changes that would provide complementary information to help achieve more accurate localization to the small vessel origins. Recent reports also indicated that apparent diffusion coefficient-based contrast using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) weighting could be used to efficiently detect synchronized signal changes with the functional activities. It was found that this contrast has significant arterial contribution where flow changes are more dominant. In this study, a refined approach was proposed that incorporated the flow-moment-nulling (FMN) strategy to study signal changes from the brain activation. The results were then compared with those from conventional IVIM- and BOLD-weighted acquisitions. It was shown that the activated region using the new acquisition strategy had smaller spatial extent, which was contained within the activated areas from the other two methods. Based on the known characteristics of the conventional IVIM and BOLD contrasts, it was inferred that the FMN–IVIM acquisition had improved selective sensitivity towards smaller vessels where volume changes were prevalent. Therefore, such an acquisition method may provide more specific spatial localization closely coupled to the true neuronal activities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-state models for colon cancer recurrence and death with a cured fraction

In cancer clinical trials, patients often experience a recurrence of disease prior to the outcome of interest, overall survival. Additionally, for many cancers, there is a cured fraction of the population who will never experience a recurrence. There is often interest in how different covariates affect the probability of being cured of disease and the time to recurrence, time to death, and time to death after recurrence. We propose a multi-state Markov model with an incorporated cured fraction to jointly model recurrence and death in colon cancer. A Bayesian estimation strategy is used to obtain parameter estimates. The model can be used to assess how individual covariates affect the probability of being cured and each of the transition rates. Checks for the adequacy of the model fit and for the functional forms of covariates are explored. The methods are applied to data from 12 randomized trials in colon cancer, where we show common effects of specific covariates across the trials.
Photoabsorption spectra of sodium clusters.

Absolute photoabsorption cross sections of free neutral sodium clusters containing from N=3 to 40 atoms are presented. Investigation of a wide continuous range of cluster sizes reveals the size development of the photoabsorption behavior. In the smallest clusters the absorption is moleculelike. A transition to collective electronic excitations (surface plasmons) occurs in the size range of N=3 to 5. For clusters with N=6 to 12 atoms the surface plasma resonances are particularly well defined, and their positions are consistent with the predictions of an ellipsoidal shell model. The cluster shapes can be deduced from the observed resonance positions; the data provide a sensitive measurement of the relative axis lengths of ellipsoidal clusters. For clusters containing N\ensuremath{\gtrsim}3 atoms, the plasma resonances do not always coincide with the positions predicted by the ellipsoidal shell model. In addition to these resonances, which dominate the spectra, there are three distinct wavelength regions within which absorption occurs for all investigated clusters.
Deconstructing the pipeline: Using efficacy, effectiveness, and cost‐benefit data to reduce minority youth incarceration

Investing in effective prevention and early intervention programs will reduce human costs of victimization and also save tax dollars in the short and long terms.
Composite fermions with a gauge family symmetry and the νe mass

Abstract The conditions for the absence of the triangle anomaly and the Fritzsch-Dimopoulos form of the fermion mass matrix are applied to Georgi's model of composite fermions with the gauged U(1) F family symmetry. New nonstandard fermions with masses ≳ 100 GeV must appear. A remarkable feature of this class of models is that the electron neutrino weighs several tens of eV.
Increases in Growing Degree Days in the Alpine Desert of the San Luis Valley, Colorado

Most alpine ecosystem climate change studies identify changes in biota, several report abiotic factors and conditions, few report temperature changes, and few to none discuss growing degree days (GDD) changes. This study provides results of data analysis on changes in number of GDD in the alpine desert of the San Luis Valley (SLV) whose community is dominated by an irrigated agricultural region. Analysis indicates significant increases (p < 0.05) in annual and growing season GDD10, GDD4.4 (potato), and GDD5.5 (alfalfa) during 1994–2007 compared to 1958–1993. With one exception, all stations experienced significant increases in mean annual daily GDD between 0.12 and 0.50 day−2 and growing season GDD day−2 0.21 and 0.81. Higher temperatures increase numbers of GDD, quickening growth of crops and maturity at the cost of reduced yield and quality. Increases in GDD indicate the Valley’s agricultural region and economy may experience negative impacts as yields decrease and water use increases.
SU-GG-I-79: Effective Doses to Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients Undergoing Chest CT Examinations

Purpose: To compare radiation doses to five year old pediatric patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) undergoing chest CT examinations at five North American imaging centers. Method and Materials: A questionnaire was sent to five facilities participating in a CF research study (Chapel Hill NC; Washington WA; St Louis Mo; Denver Co; Toronto ON) to obtain their protocols for chest CT examinations on a five year old child with Cystic Fibrosis. The ImPACT CT dose calculator was used to determine adult effective doses for techniques used at each facility (i.e., kV/mAs/pitch). Adult effective doses were scaled to those for five year olds to account for differences in scan length, patient size and energy imparted. Results: The five facilities used four different models of CT scanner from two vendors. CT techniques for five year old patients with CF were generally 120 kV, 60 mAs, and an average pitch ratio of ∼ 1.2. Adult scan lengths were 30 cm whereas those for 5 year olds were 15 cm. Adults weigh 70 kg compared to 18.5 kg for a 5 year old. For a single 360 ° x‐ray tube rotation, energy absorbed in the chest region of a five year old is only 55% of that for an adult. Three facilities had effective doses of ∼ 2.4 mSv, whereas two facilities had lower doses of ∼1.25 mSv. The main reasons for the lower doses were the use of lower x‐ray technique (i.e., 30 mAs) or a lower x‐ray tube voltage (i.e., 100 kV). Conclusion: Effective doses to 5 year old CF patients can be obtained by scaling adult effective doses, and average to 2 mSv per patient examination.
FAR-INFRARED REFLECTION-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF ULTRATHIN FILMS

Using a new far-infrared spectrometer design, we have extended the technique of reflection-absorption spectroscopy into the far-infrared and millimeter-wave spectral regions. The spectrometer allows the far-infrared spectroscopy of ultrathin films and surface coatings. From an analysis of the electrodynamics of the reflection-absorption technique, a model has been developed that yields the frequency-dependent optical constants from the reflection-absorption spectra and that quantitatively describes the mode asymmetries, frequency shifts, and distortions of band intensity seen in reflection-absorption spectra. We present far-infrared reflection-absorption spectra of potassium iodide films as thin as 150 \AA{}, which demonstrate the utility of this new spectroscopy in exploring systems previously difficult or impossible to study by conventional far-infrared spectroscopy.
Migration of an inferior vena cava filter to the pulmonary artery

A 53-year-old male with a history of pulmonary embolism was admitted with shortness of breath. Pulmonary angiogram (Fig. 1) showed that an inferior vena cava filter had migrated to the right pulmonary artery causing obstruction. Unsuccessful percutaneous retrieval led to the surgical removal of the filter (Fig. 2). The filter was encased in clot. www.elsevier.com/locate/ejcts European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery 33 (2008) 506
Development from adolescence to adulthood: The philosopher and the dilemma of the fact

When late adolescents encounter the limits of formal logic, they must find a new basis for judgment and choice.
NOx control through reburning

Abstract Reburning is a process whereby a hydrocarbon fuel is injected immediately downstream of the combustion zone to establish a fuel-rich zone in order to convert nitric oxide to HCN. The reburning fuel can be gaseous (e.g., natural gas), solid (e.g., coal char or wood) or liquid (e.g., residual oil). Typically, the amount of reburning fuel used is 10–30% of the total fuel. This technology is practiced commercially with nitric oxide reduction levels of 35–65%, depending on the type and scale of the boiler or combustion, the primary and reburning fuels and other variables. Current research and development are suggesting several advanced reburning concepts including injection of ammonia or urea aft of the reburning fuel injection. Nitric oxide reductions of over 90% are anticipated. In this mini-review, a review of reburning technologies, measurements and mechanisms is presented. Predictive methods for reburning are also discussed. Recent work on reburning, including development of a global reburning reaction rate, is summarized, and results of application of a comprehensive combustion model to reburning measurements are summarized.
Potassium effects on minerals and organic acids in three cool‐season grasses

Abstract Cattle frequently develop grass tetany when grazing cool‐season forages, and the incidence is increased when K concentrations in plants are high. High concentrations of organic acids may also increase the incidence of grass tetany by complexing Mg and Ca. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of K fertilization on the concentrations of major cations, inorganic anions, and organic acids in cool‐season forages. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environmental growth chamber using a mixture of 50% silt loam soil and 50% coarse sand. There were two K levels (0 and 125 mg K kg‐1 soil mixture) and three species of cool‐season grasses: Linn perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Nordan crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Schultes), and Lincoln smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser). Potassium fertilization significantly increased K concentrations and the K/(Ca+Mg) ratios (on a molc kg‐1 dry wt. basis), but significantly decreased the concentrations of Mg and Ca in ...
Transmission through distributed synapses between two giant axons of a sabellid worm

Abstract 1. 1. Transmission between two giant axons of the sabellid polychaete worm, Eudistylia polymorpha , was studied with intracellular recording and polarization techniques. 2. 2. The spike potential of the giant axon in 100–115 mV and is produced when the resting potential of 60–70 mV is reduced by 10–15 mV. The giant axon had a membrane resistance of 1·5–4·5 kω.cm 2 , membrane capacity of 2–3 μF/cm 2 and internal resistance of 45–65 ω.cm. 3. 3. A spike potential initiated in one axon always results in a potential in the other axon which resembles a synaptic potential and sometimes gives rise to a postsynaptic spike; the synapses are distributed along the whole length of the axon. 4. 4. The rise of the synaptic potential has a delay of 3·3–0·5 msec from the peak of the presynaptic spike when observed in the same segment of the worm. 5. 5. A progressive depression of the synaptic potential during repetitive presynaptic stimulation (fatique) in one direction dose not affect the transmission in the opposite direction. 6. 6. Presynaptic hyperpolarization results in a depression of the synaptic potential. 7. 7. Electrotonic spread from one axon to the other is found to be inadequate to explain the synaptic potential. It is therefore concluded that we have to deal with numerous synapses involving unidirectional chemical transmission, some transmitting from left to right axons and others from right to left. 8. 8. Because of the presence of the direct anastomosis in the head the distributed synapses would seem to have limited biological meaning for the usual anterior excitation. Since larger synaptic potentials are more often found as the axon approaches the caudal end of the worm the synapses might be important in case of posterior excitation.