cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurotransmitter alterations in the trisomy 16 mouse: A genetic model system for studies of down syndrome

This review describes the alterations that occur in a variety of neurotransmitter systems in mouse trisomy 16 and compares those alterations with ones observed in individuals with Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) and Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with Down syndrome who survive into their fourth decade invariably have the neuropathologic and neurochemical features associated with Alzheimer's disease. Thus, comparative studies may provide insight into pathogenetic mechanisms common to all three conditions. These neurotransmitter alterations are accompanied by neuroanatomical as well as neurophysiological alterations in Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and mouse trisomy 16. Because mice with complete trisomy 16 do not survive the perinatal period. Ts 16 neurons placed in culture, as well as primary and secondary chimeras comosed in part of Ts 16 cells, have also been examined for neurotransmitter alterations. Like individuals with Down syndrome, mice with trisomy 16 have triplication of a constellation of genes that have remained together in the same order for roughly 80 million years. As more of these genes have been identified and localized to specific regions of human chromosome 21 and, in some cases, to mouse chromosome 16 as well, effeorts have been made to create mice that are transgenic for these can be studied. Studies of several of these different types of transgenic mice have begun to provide insight inot the mechanisms by which neurotransmitter alterations may arise in Ts 16 mice, and by extrapolation, in DS individuals as well. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II is a critical regulator of adipogenesis

The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII; Nr2f2) is expressed in adipose tissue in vivo and declines during differentiation. Overexpression of COUP-TFII prevents adipogenesis, whereas shRNA-mediated reduction of COUP-TFII promotes differentiation, as shown by increased lipid accumulation and elevated expression of fat cell marker proteins. Furthermore, reduction of COUP-TFII allows uncommitted fibroblasts to be differentiated into fat cells. COUP-TFII represses the expression of a number of proadipogenic factors in adipocytes, with direct action noted at the CAAT enhancer-binding protein α promoter. We show that COUP-TFII acts downstream of hedgehog signaling and is required for the full antiadipogenic effect of this pathway. This effect is mediated in part by interaction with GATA factors. COUP-TFII and GATA2 are physically associated and repress target gene expression in an additive manner. Taken together, our data demonstrate that COUP-TFII represents an endogenous suppressor of adipogenesis, linking antiadipogenic extracellular signals to the core transcriptional cascade.
The influence of kinins on the metabolic effects of chosen drugs.

Abstract The influence of bradykinin and kallikrein on some metabolic effects of catecholamines and theophylline were studied. The activity of phosphorylase a in heart muscle, the level of free fatty acids in the serum and epididymis, and the lactic acid content in the blood, striated muscle and intestine of the rat were studied after the administration of all drugs in vivo . Furthermore, the content of free fatty acids in the epididymal adipose tissue was estimated after incubation with the drugs in vitro . It was found that neither bradykinin nor kallikrein administered alone altered the studied parameters. However, kinins significantly diminished the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoprenaline and theophylline on the metabolic indicators. The authors suggest that kinins could act as modulators of the activity of adrenergic receptors and this modulating action could depend on their effect on cyclic 3′,5′AMP.
On-line fingerprint verification

Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods. However, manual fingerprint verification is incapable of meeting today's increasing performance requirements. An automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) is needed. This paper describes the design and implementation of an online fingerprint verification system which operates in two stages: minutia extraction and minutia matching. An improved version of the minutia extraction algorithm proposed by Ratha et al. (1995), which is much faster and more reliable, is implemented for extracting features from an input fingerprint image captured with an online inkless scanner. For minutia matching, an alignment-based elastic matching algorithm has been developed. This algorithm is capable of finding the correspondences between minutiae in the input image and the stored template without resorting to exhaustive search and has the ability of adaptively compensating for the nonlinear deformations and inexact pose transformations between fingerprints. The system has been tested on two sets of fingerprint images captured with inkless scanners. The verification accuracy is found to be acceptable. Typically, a complete fingerprint verification procedure takes, on an average, about eight seconds on a SPARC 20 workstation. These experimental results show that our system meets the response time requirements of online verification with high accuracy.
Molecular Effects of Volume Expansion on the Renal Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter

ABSTRACT Background Volume Expansion (VE) results in both natriuresis and a phosphaturia. In previous studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with a modified saline solution. The expansion procedure resulted in a 70% increase in the phosphorylation of a 72 kDa proximal tubular brush border membrane (BBM) protein. In recent experiments, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the same short term VE. For both control and VE animals, brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were obtained. Methods and Results Mass spectrometry of 3 proteins in the size range of our phosphoprotein resulted in the identification of ezrin/villin2, moesin, and PDZ domain-containing 1 (PDZ-dc1). Diphor-1 (currently renamed PDZ-dc1) is involved in regulation of the type II Na/Pi cotransporter. Ezrin and moesin are membrane-cytoskeletal linking proteins that are involved in the regulation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE3) via interactions with another PDZ protein identified as sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (EBP50, NHERF). Ezrin, moesin, and PDZ-dc1 protein levels were not increased following short term VE. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of our phosphorylated BBM proteins, followed by MALDI/MS analysis resulted in the identification of a protein mixture containing ezrin/moesin, alkaline phosphatase, and an unknown protein. Based on Western and immunoprecipitation data for ezrin, moesin, and PDZ-dc1 we believe that it is unlikely that our phosphoprotein is any of these 3 proteins. Parallels between NHE3 regulation (through EBP50/ERM proteins) and Na/Pi cotransporter regulation (through PDZ-dc1/ERM proteins) may be drawn. Conclusion These changes in proximal Na/Pi cotransport may involve a signal transduction cascade including PDZ-dc1, ezrin, moesin, our phosphoprotein, and possibly other proteins.
Decision making using a fuzzy induced linguistic ordered weighted averaging approach for evaluating risk in a supply chain

Parts backorder reduction has become increasingly important in supply chain management. When it is difficult or time consuming to acquire parts, the operational availability of a system is reduced. This study describes a technique that helps planners proactively identify potential problem spare parts to better manage spare parts acquisition in military weapon systems. The paper reports on the results of fuzzy induced linguistic ordered weighted averaging for group decision support evaluation of backorder risk triggers to ensure that equipment is available and fully operational when needed. Risk factors were identified, the impact importance and probability metric performance ratings were determined via induced linguistic ordered weighted averaging, and a risk mitigation strategy was used to identify and predict supply chain backorder risk triggers (SCBORT). L-Project is an illustrative example that utilizes Petri nets and Pareto charts to present the evaluation hierarchy of supply chain risk. Cluster analysis is utilized to determine that there are five triggers of engineering, obsolescence, demand, NSN unique sustainment, and cataloging in light of the five SCBORT probability performance metric dimensions of quality, cost, lead time, service level, and information availability. There are also four aggregated SCBORT impact clusters of market sensitiveness, process integration, information drivers, and flexibility. Supply chain risk is presented as a probability/impact matrix.
Treatment of Costal Osteochondroma Causing Spinal Cord Compression by Costotransversectomy: Case Report and Review of the Literature

In laminectomies for costal osteochondroma causing spinal cord compression, visualization of the extraforaminal part of the tumor is limited. The authors describe using a costotransversectomy to resolve spinal cord compression by a costal osteochondroma invading through the neural foramen. A 21-year-old woman with hereditary multiple exostoses presented with hand numbness and progressive neck and upper back pain. Plain radiographs identified a large lesion of the T2 and T3 pedicles, with encroachment on the T2-3 neural foramen causing ~50% spinal canal stenosis. Costotransversectomy was performed to resect the cartilaginous portions of the osteochondroma, debulk the mass, and decompress the spinal canal. A mass of mature bone was left, but no appreciable cartilaginous tumor. At five-year follow- up, the patient had improvement of neck pain, no new neurological deficits. a stable residual mass, and no new osteochondromas, indicating that appropriate surgical management can yield good results and no evidence of recurrence.
Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with 137Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts

Abstract Kondo, H., Searby, N. D., Mojarrab, R., Phillips, J., Alwood, J., Yumoto, K., Almeida, E. A. C., Limoli, C. L. and Globus, R. K. Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with 137Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts. Radiat. Res. 171, 283–289 (2009). Ionizing radiation can cause substantial tissue degeneration, which may threaten the long-term health of astronauts and radiotherapy patients. To determine whether a single dose of radiation acutely compromises structural integrity in the postpubertal skeleton, 18-week-old male mice were exposed to 137Cs γ radiation (1 or 2 Gy). The structure of high-turnover, cancellous bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) 3 or 10 days after irradiation and in basal controls (tissues harvested at the time of irradiation) and age-matched controls. Irradiation (2 Gy) caused a 20% decline in tibial cancellous bone volume fraction (BV/TV) within 3 days and a 43% decline within 10 days, while 1 Gy ...
A second form of hormone-sensitive lipase from rat adipose tissue homogenates

Abstract Previous studies in this laboratory demonstrated the presence of a lipid-rich, hich molecular weight ( S 20, w = 34) form of hormone-sensitive lipase in rat adipose tissue. This lipase was purified about 100-fold from the 78000 × g supernatant fraction and shown to be activated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The present studies demonstrate the presence in rat adipose tissue of a second form of hormonesensitive lipase, also protein kinase activatable, that is retained on 4% agarose columns, emerging with proteins of molecular weight of approx. 100000–200000. This retained lipase does not have the low density characteristic of the high molecular weight, lipidrich enzyme. Its relationship to the previously described lipase is under investigation.
Breaching the nuclear envelope in development and disease

In eukaryotic cells the nuclear genome is enclosed by the nuclear envelope (NE). In metazoans, the NE breaks down in mitosis and it has been assumed that the physical barrier separating nucleoplasm and cytoplasm remains intact during the rest of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. However, recent studies suggest that nonmitotic NE remodeling plays a critical role in development, virus infection, laminopathies, and cancer. Although the mechanisms underlying these NE restructuring events are currently being defined, one common theme is activation of protein kinase C family members in the interphase nucleus to disrupt the nuclear lamina, demonstrating the importance of the lamina in maintaining nuclear integrity.
An analysis of the spacing of aggregation centers in Polysphondylium pallidum

Abstract The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine whether or not a nonrandom distribution of sorocarps occurs in Polysphondylium pallidum , and to determine the factors that are instrumental in determining distribution. While a nonrandom distribution of centers does occur, the determining factor is probably not a substance present in the gaseous phase of the environment. There is a correlation between the density of sorocarps on the substrate and their spatial distribution. The clustered condition (sorocarps closer together than expected on the basis of chance) is associated with a high density of fruiting bodies, while a spaced distribution (sorocarps further apart than expected) is often found at low densities. Random distribution apparently can occur at almost any density. Center density depends upon the rate of center formation. This rate is markedly enhanced if the cells are in the stationary phase at the time of harvest and deposition, and are exposed to charcoal, mineral oil, or light. The latter factors are thought to remove or act upon a center suppressing substance in the environment. Cells taken from the logarithmic phase, incubated in the dark, and in the absence of charcoal and mineral oil show a reduced rate of center formation and a low center density. Three hypotheses are presented to account for the apparent relationship between the rate of center formation and center density, and the spatial distribution of centers: (1) A spacing substance surrounding the center may prohibit other centers from forming in the immediate area; (2) spacing may result from the removal of cells through aggregation in the area immediately surrounding the center; (3) spatial distribution may be determined by the action of acrasin. In all cases, the longer the interval between the appearance of one center and another, the greater the area controlled by the first center and the more spaced the distribution. The “acrasin” and “cell-depletion” hypotheses are favored for their equal acceptability as an explanation and because the postulation of an additional, unknown factor is not required. The dependence of sorocarp density and distribution upon cell pool size is considered. It is suggested that high cell number favors both randomization, by leaving enough cells after the first burst of aggregation to form secondary centers, and clustering, because aggregates that contain a large number of cells often split into closely associated secondary centers. Low cell number results in areas virtually free of myxamoebae surrounding newly formed centers, a condition which strongly favors a spaced distribution. The possible relationship between spacing in cellular slime aggregation and spacing in other developing, biological systems is considered.
Discourses of endangerment

Discourses of endangerment, edited by Alexandre Duchene and Monica Heller, London and New York, Continuum, 2007, x + 290 pp., £80.00/$160.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8264-8745-2; £24.99/$39.95 (paper...
Adducins Regulate Remodeling of Apical Junctions in Human Epithelial Cells

This article identifies membrane skeleton proteins, adducins, as important regulators of epithelial cell–cell adhesions that promote assembly and antagonize stimulus-induced disassembly of adherens...
Young and excitable: the function of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain

Adult neurogenesis occurs in most species and is regulated by a wide variety of environmental and pharmacological challenges. The functional integration of neurons generated in the adult was first demonstrated in songbirds more than two decades ago. In the adult mammalian brain, neurons are continuously generated in two structures, the olfactory bulb and the hippocampus. Current evidence suggests that adult-born immature neurons have distinct electrophysiological properties from old neurons, and proposed roles in a variety of functions including olfaction, learning and mood regulation.
Candidiasis in the Breastfeeding Mother and Infant

Candidiasis in a breastfeeding mother and infant is described. The mother's breasts were a continuous source of Candida albicans, resulting in persistent thrush in the infant. The infant and mother were successfully treated with clotrimazole in a gel form. This report emphasizes the importance of treating both the infected mother and infant to prevent reinfection and ensure successful breastfeeding.
An examination of factors important in the CPA recruiting process

Abstract This study reports the relative importance of certain selection criteria (9 general selection factors and 10 specific personal characteristics) to Big-Eight recruiters of college students for entry-level accounting positions. Two measures of relative importance were elicited: (1) recruiters provided self-reports of relative importance (simple rankings), and (2) the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) procedure, an expert judgment elicitation technique, was used to provide AHP rankings. Recruiters provided generally consistant simple rankings of general selection factors and specific personal characteristics, but the AHP rankings of both general selection factors and specific personal characteristics were less consistent. Almost no consistency was shown between recruiters' simple rankings and AHP rankings.
Methane activation over MoS2 and CHn stabilities: Molecular orbital theory

Abstract It is shown that four-fold coordinated Mo IV , which is expected to be present at edges of MoS 2 plates, inserts into a methane CH bond to yield oxidative addition products. The H − will transfer to S 2− and bind to it as H + ; the heterolytic adsorption products are more stable. Adsorbed CH 3 can dehydrogenate, yielding CH 2 doubly bonded to Mo but further dehydrogenations are destabilizing. It is concluded that in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis over MoS 2 adsorbed C and CH are short-lived and that chain propagation may involve adsorbed CH 2 and CH 3 . These findings suggest that it may be possible to incorporate CH 4 in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over MoS 2 and perhaps other catalysts.
Ovarian Secretion of Progesterone and 20α-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one During Pseudopregnancy and Pregnancy in Rats

The present study has investigated the concentrations of ovarian vein blood progesterone and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one during various days of pseudopregnancy and pregnancy in the rat. The measurement of small concentrations of these steroids was made possible through the use of thin layer chromatographie and spectrophotometric techniques. Blood collections were taken on the following days of pregnancy: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20 and the first postpartum estrus. In addition, days 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and the first estrus following pseudopregnancy were studied. While high concentrations of ovarian progesterone were secreted from the onset of pregnancy, and reached maximum concentrations on day 13, during the first 3 days of pseudopregnancy the hydroxylated steroid was secreted in higher concentrations than progesterone. At day 4 and thereafter, the concentrations of progesterone during pseudopregnancy paralleled the pregnancy values. From day 18 of pregnancy both progestins decreased sharply, with ...
Energy Transfer via Ionic Processes in Polymer Films Irradiated by 0.4 MeV Electrons

Radiation-induced processes in polymer films have been studied by pulse radiolysis using transient spectroscopic methods. A comparison with low-energy photoexcitation shows that singlet and triplet excited states of aromatic polymers produced by high-energy irradiation are mainly derived from geminate recombination between the polymer radical cations and the excess electrons. A simultaneous production of singlet and triplet excited states, radical cations, and radical anions of aromatic solutes doped in polystyrene was observed on static quenching of the polystyrene excimer. By use of pyrene as the spectroscopic probe, the absolute yields of the pyrene transient species in the polymer right after the pulse were measured as G(1Py*) ≈ 0.8, G(3Py*) ≈ 1.1, G(Py•+) ≈ 1.5, and G(Py•-) ≈ 1.5 at [Py] = 100 mM. The large ion yields indicate an efficient charge generation in the nonpolar polymer matrix. Charge-scavenging experiments further reveal the ionic origin of the solute excited states. In the case of comple...
Do modal distinctions collapse in Carnap's system?

D'apres Follesdal, les distinctions modales s'effondrent dans tout systeme de logique modale qui contient une theorie standard des descriptions definies comme celle proposee par Carnap in M&N. L'A. tente de demontrer pourquoi les arguments de Follesdal ne sont pas defendables
A microslip friction model with normal load variation induced by normal motion

A two-dimensional microslip friction model with normal load variation induced by normal motion is presented in this paper. The model is a distributed parameter model, which characterizes the stick-slip-separation of the contact interface and determines the resulting friction force, including its time variance and spatial distribution, between two elastic structures. When the relative motion is simple harmonic motion, the stick-slip-separation transition angles associated with any point in the contact area can be analytically determined within a cycle of motion. In addition, if the relative motion is given, stick-slip-separation transition boundaries inside the contact area and their time variances can be determined. Along with an iterative multi-mode solution approach utilizing harmonic balance method (HBM), the developed model can be employed to determine the forced response of frictionally constrained structures. In the approach, the forced response is constructed in terms of the free mode shapes of the structure; consequently, it can be determined at any excitation frequency and for any type of normal load distribution. Two examples, a one-dimensional beam like damper and a more realistic blade to ground damper, are employed to illustrate the predictive abilities of the developed model. It is shown that while employing a single mode model, transition boundaries for the beam like damper agrees with the results given in the literature, the developed method identifies the phase difference along the slip to stick transition boundary when a multi-mode model is employed. Moreover, while partial slip is illustrated in the two examples, typical softening and hardening effects, due to separation of the contact surface, are also predicted for the blade to ground damper.
Behavioral Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents

Sleep problems in children and adolescents are common, and they impact multiple domains of child and family functioning. Psychologists have a critical role in the assessment and treatment of sleep problems and are integral to interdisciplinary sleep teams. Certain sleep problems may be related to co-morbid psychological or developmental conditions, and others are considered to be primarily medical, yet behavioral approaches may be applicable. There are also sleep problems considered to be behavioral in etiology (e.g. inadequate sleep hygiene, behavioral insomnia of childhood, nightmares/bad dreams/nighttime fears, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and psychophysiological insomnia). In this article, the assessment of behavioral sleep problems, as well as specific behavioral sleep disorders, and their treatments will be discussed.
Modeling microphysical influences on optical turbulence in complex areas

An earlier paper showed that there is a growing need for increasingly accurate and reliable numerical models to predict optical turbulence conditions, especially in complex (nonuniform) signal propagation environments. Thus, we present a finite-difference computer model to demonstrate a viable approach for predicting the microphysical (microclimate) influences on optical turbulence intensity (C n 2) around the ARL A_LOT Facility and its surroundings (which consist of multiple building arrays and forests). Our multi-dimensional prototype model begins to address optical turbulence conditions along more complex lines-of-sight and begins to account for inhomogeneities in C n 2 brought about by horizontal changes in landscape, wind flow, temperature, and humidity. For now, the model physics represent advection, pressure gradient, eddy diffusion, and vegetation drag force processes. Simple mechanisms to predict the heat and moisture source terms have also been incorporated. Initial model results have been quite encouraging. The model code is computationally efficient and extremely flexible with regard to modifications and debugging. We anticipate that this kind of computational research will be an important vehicle for investigating C n 2 and related laser-optic propagation effects in complex areas.
Combining two-term relations: evidence in support of flat structure.

I will summarize here some evidence in support of the hypothesis that the child's early combinations of two-word relations may be described simply as processes of concatenation and deletion. This implies that the utterances so produced will represent flat constructions as opposed to hierarchical ones.
The use of urinary dipstix in children with high-risk renal tracts.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common acute illnesses found in infants and children and up to 5% of girls and 1% of boys will experience one or more episodes. Babies and children with abnormal renal tracts are at risk of developing scarred kidneys as a result of recurrent UTl, leading to an increased risk of hypertension and end-stage renal failure in later life. It seems logical, therefore, to place high priority on the early detection, prompt treatment and adequate follow up of children with high-risk renal tracts. This article describes the use of home urine testing for the early detection of UTI in children with high-risk renal tracts.
Screening for Postpartum Depression Among Low-Income Mothers Using an Interactive Voice Response System

This study tested the feasibility of using an interactive voice response (IVR) phone system to screen for postpartum depression among low-income, English- and Spanish-speaking mothers. Newly delivered mothers were interviewed in the hospital. Consenting subjects completed a background questionnaire and were asked to call an automated phone system 7 days postpartum to complete an IVR version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Screen (EPDS). During the phone screen, subjects were branched to different closing narratives based on their depression scores which were later posted to a password protected website. Logistic regression was used to assess relationships between demographic and psychosocial factors, IVR participation, and depression scores. Among 838 ethnically diverse, low income, postpartum mothers, 324 (39%) called into the automated phone screening system. Those who called were more likely to have at least a high school education (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.23, 2.16), be employed (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.03) and have food secure households (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.13). There was no statistically significant difference between callers and non-callers in terms of marital status, race/ethnicity, parity, or self-reported history of depression. Postpartum depression symptoms were present in 17% (n = 55) and were associated with being single (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.50), first time mother status (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.40), temporary housing (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.26), history of anxiety (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.69, 6.67), and history of self-harm (AOR = 2.66, 95% C: 1.01, 6.99). Automated phone screening for postpartum depression is feasible among disadvantaged mothers but those with the highest psychosocial risk factors may not choose or be able to access it. IVR could be used to supplement office- and home visit-based screening protocols and to educate patients about mental health resources.
Judicialization across societies: the spread of judicial power and societal change

A win-win situation may be arising in a diversity of societies due to unprecedented changes in their judicial institutions. Such an anticipated result occurs because their previously comparatively politically passive judiciaries are becoming more assertive. The long term consequences are still tentative but present some intriguing possibilities. This paper basically discusses the judicialization process generally, some explanations for its occurrence in particular states, the effects of modern communications technologies, and finally some speculations as to outcomes and how that can lead to an aggregate win-win policy outcome.
Observation of regge effects in the reaction pi-plus + p ---> pi-neutral + delta-plus-plus

We report a measurement of the total and differential cross sections and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$-decay angular distributions for the reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ at incident momenta between 2.67 and 4.08 GeV/c. A dip near $t=\ensuremath{-}0.5$ and a backward peak are clearly observed. In a Reggepole exchange model we determine the parameters of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ trajectory.
A note on the overall vorticity balance in wind-driven ocean circulation

Abstract Some constraints resulting from a required overall vorticity balance in an ocean forced by a net wind-stress curl are considered. It is pointed out that the Sverdrup balance holds for Ekman-geostrophic flow in an area-averaged sense even in the presence of topography. It is suggested that nonlinear stretching and twisting of vorticity in an inertial boundary current may provide a source of vorticity which may balance a net wind-stress curl, without help of frictional effects at the bottom or sides. It is also suggested that potential vorticity generated by the wind-stress curl can be balanced by other local potential vorticity sources in the top layer. At this stage no proof for the need of bottom or side friction in a generally stratified ocean exists, and a counterexample is also lacking, leaving the question open for further studies.
Intercellular bridges in somatic cells: cytoplasmic continuity of blastoderm cells of Loligo pealei.

Intercellular bridges between blastomeres of the squid blastoderm apparently arise from the midbody and eventually break after becoming occluded by a ‘multi-layered membranous plug’. The bridges can be found between two or more cells and frequently occur between cells of presumably different developmental fate. Similar bridges have been described between differentiating gametes but in only one case (cnidoblasts of Hydra) have they been reported in somatic tissue. Many suggestions have been put forward in the literature concerning the role of the intercellular bridges in cellular differentiation but none of these hypotheses seem to be adequate to explain the possible function of these bridges in the squid blastoderm.
The Luscher Color Test: reliability and selection preferences by college students.

The reliability of selecting the colors used in the Luscher Color Test over a 45-day period is reported. First and last colors selected were most reliable. All other selections were lower but signi...
Nocturnal activity and energetic condition of spring landbird migrants at Braddock Bay, Lake Ontario

Abstract We investigated the relationship between migratory restlessness and stored energy reserves in two species of landbird migrants at Braddock Bay, Lake Ontario during spring 1999 and spring 2000. There was no significant difference in the amount of nighttime locomotor activity between lean and fat Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) or White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) held overnight in activity cages. We found no significant relationships between nocturnal activity level and energetic condition (mass/wing chord) or date of capture. In addition, there were no significant differences in nocturnal activity levels between age groups in Swainson's Thrushes. These results suggest that the migratory restlessness of spring migrants stopping at this site is not strongly influenced by their energetic condition upon arrival, regardless of age or date of passage. Birds nearing the end of their spring migratory route that are very close to their breeding grounds may show decreased levels of ...
A divalent cadmium coordination polymer featuring a complex tetranodal 3-D topology and hexadecameric water clusters

Abstract The luminescent coordination polymer {[Cd2(dms)2(bpmp)1.5]•8H2O}n (1, dms = 2,2-dimethylsuccinate, bpmp = bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine) exhibits [Cd2(dms)2(bpmp)]n layers partially pillared by other crystallographically distinct bpmp ligands into a complex 3-D 3,4,5-connected tetranodal network. Hydrogen-bonded hexadecameric water molecule clusters lie in incipient channels.
An investigation of the role of kappa opiate receptor agonists in the initiation of feeding

Abstract A large body of evidence has suggested a role for the endogenous opiates and their receptors in the regulation of appetite. In this study we have examined the relative effects of ketocyclazocine (KC), cyclazocine and ethylketocyclazocine, all putative kappa opiate receptor agonists, and morphine, a putative mu receptor agonist, on food consumption. All the kappa agonists induced feeding when administered at 8 AM as did morphine. KC failed to induce feeding during the nocturnal feeding period (2000 and 0200 hours) and morphine suppressed feeding at these times. KC and morphine suppressed starvation induced feeding when food was made available immediately after injection and had no effect when food was presented 2 and 4 hours after injection. High doses of naloxone (5 mg/kg) suppressed KC induced feeding while actually enhancing high dose morphine (25 mg/kg) induced feeding. Repeated injections of KC or morphine for 5 days resulted in enhancement of the feeding response with initiation of feeding occuring earlier. Taken together with the studies showing that the endogenous kappa ligand, dynorphin, enhabces feeding the most parsimonious interpretation of these studies is that kappa agonists are endogenous initiators of feeding and that kappa receptors are maximally saturated at times of food deprivation and during spontaneous feeding. The mu (or one of the other) opiate receptors inhibit feeding due to their sedative effect and antagonism of this effect leads to enhancement of the feeding response. It is postulated that kappa opiate receptors represent an important component of the natural feeding drive.
Apposition of enkephalinergic axons with cGnRH I-containing perikarya in turkey hen brain

Several lines of evidence support a role of endogenous opioids in the brain's regulation of gonadotropin secretion in birds and mammals, although the neuroanatomic basis of such regulation is not clear. We used double-label fluorescence immunohistochemistry employing polyclonal antisera raised in sheep against chicken gonadotropin-release hormone I (cGnRH I) and in rabbits against met-enkephalin to determine whether the potential exists for synaptic contact between neurons containing these neuropeptides in the preoptic/septal region of domestic turkey breeder hens. The cGnRH I antiserum was highly specific for cGnRH I, while the met-enkephalin antiserum showed some cross-reactivity with leu-enkephalin. We found numerous instances in which enkephalinergic neuronal elements appeared to contact cGnRH I perikarya and axons in and around the diagonal band of Broca, the bed nucleus of the pallial commissure and in the lateral septal nucleus. These appositions, confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy, appear to provide a neuroanatomic basis for how enkephalinergic innervation might influence gonadotropin secretion in turkey hens by directly regulating activity of cGnRH I neurons.
Examining Spirituality and Sense of Calling in Counseling Students

This study explored the link between counseling students’ spiritual well-being and sense of calling to the profession. A final sample of 415 counseling students demonstrated significant spiritual well-being (religious and existential) and a strong sense of calling to the counseling profession. Results also indicated that spiritual well-being was predictive of students’ sense of calling to the profession. Implications for counselor training are discussed.
Orientation by helical motion—I. Kinematics of the helical motion of organisms with up to six degrees of freedom

The kinematics of helical motion are descirbed for an organism treated as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom relative to the organism's frame of reference, i.e. the organism can translate in the direction of, or rotate around any of, three orthogonal axes fixed to its body. Equations are derived that express the unit vectors of the Frenet trihedron and the torsion and curvature of the trajectory in terms of the organism's translational and rotational velocities. These equations permit description of the radius, pitch, angular velocity and axis of a helical trajectory in terms of the translational and rotational velocities of the organism swimming along that trajectory. The results of this analysis are then used in two later papers that describe how organisms can orient to an external stimulus.
Greedy perceptual coding

This paper discusses an approach to quantization for lossy compression, termed greedy perceptual coding, in which the quantizer uses a perceptual model to determine the amount by which a work of media can be distorted, and then greedily tries to find the distortion that minimizes the number of bits that will be output by a subsequent lossless coder. The chief advantage of this approach is that the decoder does not need to know any distortion parameters used during compression, such as quantization step sizes or perceptual model parameters. As a result, the perceptual model can be arbitrarily complex. Since greedy perceptual coding changes the distribution of image values to be encoded, the best lossless codes for undistorted images are not the best to use in this context. A method is presented here for designing simple codes to use in the greedy-perceptual-coding context, and a preliminary compression system is implemented using these ideas
‘Dealing with’ unexpected learner contributions in whole group activities: an examination of novice language teacher discursive practices

The current paper examines the discursive practices of one novice English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher ‘dealing with’ learners’ unexpected contributions in whole group classroom interactions during teacher- and learner-initiated sequences-of-talk. The study draws from two fields of research: classroom discourse studies investigating teachers addressing learner contributions in classroom interaction, and language teacher education research showing teacher expertise as a factor in the construction of classroom communication. Using conversation analytic methods, two initial practices emerged from the novice teacher’s video-recorded data: glossing over learner contributions and assuming the role of information provider. These practices are presented with a focus on the sequential environments in which they occur and the various interactional resources used to construct them. The paper concludes with a discussion of how these findings contribute to both the classroom discourse and language teacher educat...
Cyclopropylphenylcarbene - thermal control of intermolecular addition

Abstract At 25°, photolytically generated cyclopropylphenylcarbene affords phenylcyclobutene (63%, by ring expansion), phenylacetylene (16%, by fragmentation), and only traces (
Performance Modeling to Support Multi-tier Application Deployment to Infrastructure-as-a-Service Clouds

Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds support migration of multi-tier applications through virtualization of diverse application stack(s) of components which may require various operating systems and environments. To maximize performance of applications deployed to IaaS clouds while minimizing deployment costs, it is necessary to create virtual machine images to host application components with consideration for component dependencies that may affect load balancing of physical resources of VM hosts including CPU time, disk and network bandwidth. This paper presents results of an investigation utilizing physical machine (PM) and virtual machine (VM) resource utilization statistics to build performance models to predict application performance and rank performance of application component deployment configurations deployed across VMs. Our objective was to predict which component compositions provide best performance while requiring the fewest number of VMs. Eighteen individual resource utilization statistics were investigated for use as independent variables to predict service execution time using four different modeling approaches. Overall CPU time was the strongest predictor of execution time. The strength of individual predictors varied with respect to the resource utilization profiles of the applications. CPU statistics including idle time and number of context switches were good predictors when the test application was more disk I/O bound, while disk I/O statistics were better predictors when the application was more CPU bound. All performance models built were effective at determining the best performing service composition deployments validating the utility of our approach.
Shigella boydii bacteremia.

Summary A child with sickle cell-C hemoglobinopathy and the first reported instance of Shigella boydii bacteremia is described.
Personal reflections on becoming a research nurse

Reflecting on the past year Patricia Taraborrelli tells us of the challengesof working as a research nurse and how it has been stimulating, helped develop her role as a cardiac nurse and enabled her to promote best practice.
The access and processing of familiar idioms by brain-damaged and normally aging adults.

Idiom interpretation tasks are routinely used in the clinical evaluation of adults with brain damage, and idiom processing has received increasing attention in the psycholinguistic literature. Clin...
Identification of an active site residue of the R1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli: Characterization of substrate-induced polypeptide cleavage by C225SR1

Incubation of the C225S mutant of the R1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli with the R2 subunit and nucleoside diphosphates leads to fragmentation of the polypeptide backbone of R1 [Mao, S. S., Holler, T. P., Bollinger, J.M., Jr., Yu, G. X., Johnston, M.I., & Stubbe, J. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 9744--9751]. The 26 and 60 kDa cleavage fragments were purified to homogeneity. The 26 kDa polypeptide was digested with Lys-C, and the peptides were partially purified by RP-HPLC. Mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-TOF) of the HPLC fractions allowed the identification of the C-terminal peptide. The molecular mass of this peptide (2176) revealed that serine-224 constitutes its C-terminus, and further analysis of the distribution of its monoisotopic masses by FAB-MS indicated that Ser224 possesses a carboxamide rather than a carboxylate group. Treatment of the 60 kDa cleavage fragment with cyanogen bromide and subsequent MALDI-TOF analysis of the partially RP-HPLC purified peptides yielded a fraction containing its N-terminal peptide. This peptide was digested with trypsin, and the digestion mixture was purified by HPLC. Analysis of the fractions by MALDI-TOF identified the N-terminal peptide and determined a mass of 2222. This mass suggested valine 226 was the N-terminal residue (modified by an adduct of 28 mass units). Larger amounts of the C-terminal tetrapeptide of the 60 kDa fragment (V226LIE229) were obtained by complete digestion of the crude reaction mixture with endoproteinase Glu-C. The peptide mixture was then purified on an immunoadsorbent column containing immobilized antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide with the sequence KVLIE. After elution of the affinity-bound peptide, it was analyzed by CID-MS verifying that an adduct of 28 mass units was attached to valine 226. These results indicated that the amino group of Val226 is formylated. The localization of the residues at the cleavage site of C225SR1 provides a biochemical identification of the active site region of the R1 subunit of RDPR from E.coli. The details of the mechanism of cleavage remain to be elucidated.
Label-free technologies for quantitative multiparameter biological analysis

In the postgenomic era, information is king and information-rich technologies are critically important drivers in both fundamental biology and medicine. It is now known that single-parameter measurements provide only limited detail and that quantitation of multiple biomolecular signatures can more fully illuminate complex biological function. Label-free technologies have recently attracted significant interest for sensitive and quantitative multiparameter analysis of biological systems. There are several different classes of label-free sensors that are currently being developed both in academia and in industry. In this critical review, we highlight, compare, and contrast some of the more promising approaches. We describe the fundamental principles of these different methods and discuss advantages and disadvantages that might potentially help one in selecting the appropriate technology for a given bioanalytical application.
Differential diagnosis and treatment planning for the adult nonsurgical orthodontic patient

Increasing numbers of adult patients are seeking orthodontic care and some, despite significant skeletal malocclusions, elect not to have combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The purpose of this article is to outline some of the diagnostic and therapeutic principles that can be used in the adult nonsurgical orthodontic patient. The importance of realistic goal setting in the face of compromised occlusions is emphasized. Diagnosis should include evaluation of all three dimensions and recognize the limitations of therapy in each dimension for the nongrowing patient. Periodontal considerations, extraction decisions, and retention regimens are of vital importance to the achievement and maintenance of an optimum result. Clinical records will demonstrate four commonly seen problems and their resolution.
A ‘hot-spot’ model for impulsive scattering at the gas–liquid interface

Abstract Scattering of jet-cooled molecules by non-metallic liquids, and molecular dynamics simulations of scattering by self-assembled-monolayers (SAMs) lead to remarkably similar values of the rotational and translational temperatures of the scattered molecules. We explore whether this might reflect a transient equilibration of the molecules with microscopic ‘hot-spots’ created by the collision. Calculations of surface temperature for non-metallic liquids and SAMs as a function of time and distance from the impact suggest that collisions with the randomly bumpy surface should result in similar rotational and translational temperatures of the scattered molecules, but the high thermal conductivity of liquid metals makes such ‘hot spots’ too short-lived to be relevant.