cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and measurement of petroleum precipitates

Abstract A number of procedures to identify and measure the precipitates that result from petroleum fluids are presented. The fractions considered in this study include those in the categories of asphaltenes, resins, saturates (paraffin/wax), aromatics, inorganic minerals and diamondoids. A combination of deposition techniques, separation by centrifuge, filtration, gas chromatography, gel-permeation chromatography, and SARA (LC-HPLC) separations, and a number of other techniques are utilized to identify each fraction and quantify their concentrations. These procedures provide an understanding of the overall behavior of the species that precipitate as well as of the interactions among them. The results of such analysis are the cornerstone of any predictive and preventive measures for heavy organics deposition from petroleum fluids.
Intussusception in adults and the role of evolving computed tomography technology.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to describe a single institution's experience with adult intussusception and determine how this was influenced by evolving computed tomography (CT) technology. Methods Adults treated between 1978 and 2013 for intussusception were reviewed. CT utilization and utilization of multislice technology over time were determined. Sensitivity of CT was calculated. Results A total of 318 patients were identified. CT utilization was 72% and it increased over time. The number of channels ranged from 1 to 128. CT sensitivity was greater than 85% for single and multislice scanners. A lead point was identified in 69% of patients and a malignancy in 40%. Surgical exploration was required in 60% of patients and 40% were managed nonoperatively. Conclusions The diagnosis of intussusception in adults is increasing over time, particularly idiopathic intussusception. This is associated with increased utilization of highly sensitive CT technology, which facilitates the safe nonoperative management in many patients.
A comparison-estimate of Toponogov type for Ricci curvature

It seems a natural question to ask to what extent the results and tools for sectional curvature remain valid for Ricci curvature. There is rapid progress in both positive and negative directions. Toponogov Comparison Theorem has been the most powerful tool in the study of sectional curvature, underlying the proof of the Soul Theorem, the diameter sphere theorem, the uniform estimate of betti numbers and the finiteness theorems. Toponogov Comparison Theorem is also the characterizing property of lower (or upper) sectional curvature bounds, which led to generalizations of the concept of (sectional) curvature bounds to non-smooth space. Thus it could not possibly hold for Ricci curvature, which makes problems a lot harder for Ricci curvature (from a geometric point of view). It also makes the Ricci curvature very different from the sectional curvature, as one gradually comes to realize. It is interesting then that we find a comparison estimate of Toponogov type for Ricci curvature. A hinge in a complete Riemannian manifold consists of two geodesic segments Vi,Y2 such that "yI(II)= ~2(0) 9 We denote it by (~1,~2,~), where = Z(-) ,~( / l ) ,~(O)) . We will be using the following modified version of the conjugate radius function Pc(P):
British Policy in the Persian Gulf, 1961–1968: Conceptions of Informal Empire

Harold Wilson announced in January 1968 that Britain would withdraw its empire from East of Suez by the end of 1971. This withdrawal would involve leaving behind its informal empire, which it had b...
Serpiginous ganglion cyst of the foot mimicking cutaneous larva migrans.

Abstract A patient had a serpiginous lesion on the foot that turned out to be a ganglion cyst. This lesion is more common on the hands. On the lower extremity, ganglion cysts tend to have a misleading clinical appearance. Histologic examination shows pseudocysts formed by mucoid degeneration of collagen structures. The pathogenesis is unclear. Many ganglions are asymptomatic, but pain occurs in 50% of cases. Management of symptomatic lesions is surgical excision. Recurrence is possible. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:S266-7.)
The synthesis of highly dispersed noble and base metals on silica via strong electrostatic adsorption: II. Mesoporous silica SBA-15

Abstract The catalyst synthesis method of strong electrostatic adsorption (SEA) was applied to mesoporous silica SBA-15. pH shift control experiments were performed to determine the point of zero charge (PZC) of SBA-15. Adsorption–pH surveys of various noble and base metal ammines (Pt, Pd, Cu, Co, Ru ammines) on SBA-15 were carried out to determine the pH of maximum uptake. Adsorption kinetics also were examined. SBA-15-supported Pt, Pd, and Co materials were prepared via SEA and dry impregnation (DI) methods for further characterization via TPR and STEM. The results suggest that the adsorption mechanism of all metal ammines is largely electrostatic, and that the adsorption can approach equilibrium in a very short time (within 5 minutes). Metal complexes deposit homogeneously on the internal surface area of SBA-15. Low-temperature-reducing metals, such as Pt and Pd, form very well-dispersed (1.3 to 2.0 nm) nanoparticles after reduction, with small standard deviation, at loadings on the order of 10 wt%. Cobalt particles were larger (7.3–9.2 nm), because the much higher temperature required for reduction of the adsorbed cobalt ammine complex led to metal sintering. The SEA-prepared Co particles were still much smaller than the DI-prepared particles, which could be reduced at much lower temperature.
Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical results

Statins inhibit the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is required for cholesterol biosynthesis, and are beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Most of the benefits of statin therapy are owing to the lowering of serum cholesterol levels. However, by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, statins can also inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids, which are important lipid attachments for intracellular signaling molecules, such as Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Therefore, it is possible that statins might exert cholesterol-independent or 'pleiotropic' effects through direct inhibition of these small GTP-binding proteins. Recent studies have shown that statins might have important roles in diseases that are not mediated by cholesterol. Here, we review data from recent clinical trials that support the concept of statin pleiotropy and provide a rationale for their clinical importance.
Distance-dependent fluorescence quenching of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide by acrylamide and iodide

Frequency-domain fluorometry was used to investigate the time- dependent intensity decays of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) when collisionally quenched by acrylamide and iodide in propylene glycol at 20 degree(s)C. The intensity decays of NATA became increasingly heterogeneous in the presence of quenching, and the steady-state Stern-Volmer plots show significant upward curvature. These frequency-domain and steady-state data clearly indicate that the rate constants for quenching of NATA by acrylamide and iodide depend exponentially on the fluorophore- quencher separation distance. The NATA intensity decays were not consistent with the Smoluchowski-Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition for quenching. The upward curvature of the Stern-Volmer plots provide a sensitive method to determine the characteristic distances for fluorophore-quencher interaction. The rate constant for quenching are discussed based on the mechanism of interaction between tryptophanyl fluorophore and quencher molecules which appear to involve electron transfer for acrylamide and heavy atom effects for iodide. These results suggest that the distance-dependent interaction and the effects of solvent dynamics need to be considered in the interpretations of data for quenching of proteins.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Family environment, not heredity, accounts for family resemblances in food preferences and attitudes: a twin study

Monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twin pairs reported on their food preferences, the variety of foods of the same general category (e.g. types of soup) in their diet, and their concern about contact of their food with disgusting or other unacceptable substances (contamination sensitivity). Although there was substantial resemblance between siblings for many of these items, there was no clear evidence for a heritable component on any item. The only case for which there was an interpretable and significantly greater resemblance among monozygotic than among dizygotic twins (out of 23 questions) was preferred degree of hotness resulting from chili pepper in foods. These results confirm the prediction that in omnivorous animals, such as humans, genetic predispositions will be minimal with respect to food. The modest sibling resemblances on a number of measures are primarily attributable to a shared environment.
Thermodynamic studies related to emulsion polymerization

Liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid phase equilibria for the binary, ternary, and quaternary systems of vinyl acetate, surfactant, water, and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were obtained using liquid–liquid equilibria, inverse gas chromatography, and the headspace methods. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for the different species in the emulsion polymerization of PVAc latices are reported. These parameters could not be used to predict the phase equilibria because of their strong dependence on concentration. The UNIFAC-vdW-FV model was applied to predict the vapor–liquid equilibria in the binary and ternary systems containing vinyl acetate, 4-nonylphenol polyethoxilate surfactant, and PVAc. The predicted results compare favorably with the experimental data for all systems. Diffusion coefficients were also measured for the solvents in the PVAc. Analysis confirmed that the diffusion in the latex particles was so fast compared to the reaction that the assumption of uniform monomer composition through the particles was valid. On the other hand, the results indicate that the complex thermodynamic interactions will lead to changes with time in the monomer concentration in the reacting polymer phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A multi-year survey of dynamics near the surface in the northern hemisphere of Mars: Short-period baroclinic waves and dust storms

Abstract Baroclinic waves figure prominently in the dynamics of the northern hemisphere of Mars, and extensive observations by the Viking Landers and two atmospheric sounders on Mars Global Surveyor have revealed many of their basic properties. However, previous investigations considered these data sets individually, so that their cumulative value is not fully appreciated. We have re-examined these data to extract new information about the dynamics near the surface at mid-to-high northern latitudes. By applying the same method of spectral analysis to each type of observation, we derive a uniform, multi-year characterization of basic elements of martian weather. This survey documents the time evolution of baroclinic waves among modes with different periods and zonal wave numbers. We devote particular attention to a recurring “wave-3 mode”, which is distinguished by its capacity to initiate regional dust storms in the topographic basins of the northern hemisphere. Our results include a detailed case study that shows how the intermittence of this mode and the strong zonal modulation of its amplitude influence the timing and location of these distinctive “flushing” dust storms. More generally, we find that the properties of the wave-3 mode are largely the same whenever it appears and that its intermittence plays an important role in the annual dust cycle.
Light deprivation produces a therapeutic effect on neglect induced by unilateral destruction of the posterior parietal cortex in rats

Light deprivation has been found to produce accelerated recovery from severe multimodal neglect induced by unilateral destruction of medial agranular cortex, the rat analog of area 8 in humans. However, neglect in humans is most often produced by destruction of the parietal association cortex. Therefore, the present study examined whether light deprivation would produce accelerated recovery from severe multimodal neglect induced by unilateral destruction of the rodent analog of the parietal association cortex. Subjects received unilateral parietal association cortex lesions, and 4 h after surgery were tested for neglect of visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli. If severe neglect was obtained, subjects experienced either light deprivation, constant light, or a 12:12 light/dark cycle for 48 h. The results indicated that, relative to the other groups, the light deprivation group demonstrated significant accelerated recovery from neglect. Recovery was evident on the first post-light deprivation behavioral test, and was maintained for the 3 weeks of behavioral testing. The results provide further support for the therapeutic effects of light deprivation on neglect induced by cortical lesions when light deprivation is administered in the immediate postoperative period.
Multigrid solution and grid redistribution for convection–diffusion

We examine multigrid solution for convection–diffusion problems in which convective effects are significant. In particular, we consider the case where the fine grid satisfies the associated cell or diagonal dominance condition but coarse grid levels violate this condition. Related numerical experiments are conducted. We also introduce an alternative local elliptic projection technique and compare this with interpolating the error corrections from coarse to fine grids. In addition, we demonstrate the use of grid redistribution and optimization techniques in the multilevel context.
Oxidative stability of blends and interesterified blends of soybean oil and palm olein

Improvement of oxidative stability of soybean oil by blending with a more stable oil was investigated. Autoxidation of blends and interesterified blends (9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3 and 1∶1, w/w) of soybean oil and palm olein was studied with respect to fatty acid composition, fatty acid location and triacylglycerol composition. Rates of formation of triacylglycerol hydroproxides, peroxide value and volatiles were evaluated. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil was changed by blending. Linolenic and linoleic acids decreased and oleic acid increased. The triacylglycerol composition of blends and interesterified blends was different from that of soybean oil. Relative to soybean oil, LnLL, LLL, LLO, LLP, LOO and LLS triacylglycerols were lowered and POO, POP and PLP were higher in blends and interesterified blends (where Ln, L, O, P and S represent linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids, respectively). Interesterification of the blends leads to a decrease in POO and POP and an increase in LOP. Linoleic acid concentration at triacylglycerol carbon-2 was decreased by blending and interesterification. Rates of change for peroxide value and oxidation product formation confirmed the improvement of soybean oil stability by blending and interesterification. But, blends were more stable than interesterified blends. Also, the formation of hexanal, the major volatile of linoleate hydroperoxides of soybean oil, was decreased by blending and interesterification.
Inhibition of phenethanolamine N-methyl transferase by its product, epinephrine

Abstract Epinephrine, the product of phenethanolamine N-methyl transferase (PNMT), inhibited the rat, bovine, and rabbit enzymes. By statistical analysis, epinephrine was shown to reduce V , but not K m for the substrate, norepinephrine. Comparison of the K i for epinephrine to the concentrations of epinephrine that occur in adrenal glands suggests that the inhibition could have physiological significance as a regulating mechanisms for PNMT activity. PNMT might be suppressed in the normal adrenal gland by the presence of high levels of epinephrine. Increased secretion of epinephrine would decrease the amount of product inhibition, resulting in increased methylation of norepinephrine.
Will investment behavior constrain China's growth?

Abstract Despite two decades of reform, China's investment mechanism retains major features of the old plan system. At the macro level, we see seasonal fluctuations, low returns, excess capacity, and construction backlogs. At the micro level, distorted factor prices and excessive official involvement contribute to poor results. The author concludes that the investment system represents a major obstacle to China's future growth and offers specific measures to track the progress of reform.
Combining Ability for Resistance in Corn To Fall Armyworm and Southwestern Corn Borer

Both the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, feed extensively on the leaves of corn, Zea mays L., in the southern USA. Their feeding can cause serious yield reductions. Several germplasm lines with resistance to leaf feeding by these two insect pests have been developed and released; however, only limited information is available on the inheritance of this resistance. No previous information on the relationships between resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer has been reported. The current investigation was undertaken to obtain information on the relative importance of general and specific combining ability in the inheritance of resistance to fall armyworms and southwestern corn borers and to compare the responses of the two insects to a diallel cross among inbred lines with varying degrees of resistance. Larval survival and growth were used to quantify levels of resistance. General combining ability was a highly significant source of variation among hybrids, but specific combining ability was a nonsignificant source of variation. Fall armyworm larval survival and weight on hybrids with varying levels of resistance were highly correlated with southwestern corn borer survival and weight on the same hybrids. This suggests that selecting for resistance to one of these insects should increase resistance to both. Joint contributution of USDA-ARS and the Missisipi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Journal no. J-7007.
Compensation for differential atmospheric refraction in the W.M. Keck Observatory adaptive optics system

Differential Atmospheric Refraction (DAR) reduces image quality on ground-based 10-m telescopes equipped with Adaptive Optics (AO). Particularly affected are the long exposure data taken in narrow-band imaging or spectroscopic mode. The magnitude of the DAR is a function of the effective wavelength of the wavefront sensor detector, meteorological variables, the observing wavelength and the elevation of the observation. In this paper, we present the approach taken by the Keck Adaptive Optics team to compensate for DAR during AO observing. This paper will present a description and illustration of the problem and our solution to it, including some implementation details. This paper also presents some tips on observing techniques, along with some details on current performance, a description of the issues limiting the performance, and our plans for the future.
Probabilistic models for stochastic elliptic partial differential equations

Mathematical requirements that the random coefficients of stochastic elliptical partial differential equations must satisfy such that they have unique solutions have been studied extensively. Yet, additional constraints that these coefficients must satisfy to provide realistic representations for physical quantities, referred to as physical requirements, have not been examined systematically. It is shown that current models for random coefficients constructed solely by mathematical considerations can violate physical constraints and, consequently, be of limited practical use. We develop alternative models for the random coefficients of stochastic differential equations that satisfy both mathematical and physical constraints. Theoretical arguments are presented to show potential limitations of current models and establish properties of the models developed in this study. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the construction of the proposed models, assess the performance of these models, and demonstrate the sensitivity of the solutions of stochastic differential equations to probabilistic characteristics of their random coefficients.
Alpha particle emission in peripheral heavy ion reactions at 20 MeV/u

The reaction $^{197}\mathrm{Au}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{HI}\ensuremath{\alpha})$ has been investigated at 310 MeV. The angular correlations of alpha particles measured in coincidence with projectile-like fragments are very strongly forward peaked; the reaction is dominated by large negative values of the three-body $Q$ value. Most of the observed alpha particles are emitted from projectile-like fragments. Within a factor of 2, no anisotropy of emission in the center-of-mass frame of the coincident projectile residue and alpha particle was found.
Energy transfers in the quasielastic scattering of 70--1250-eV electrons by surfaces

Observation de transferts d'energie allant jusqu'a 200 MeV, dans la diffusion quasielastique d'electrons de 70-1250 eV, par des surfaces polycristallines de cuivre, d'argent et d'or. L'experience consiste en la mesure des deplacements en position des pics elastiques avec un analyseur a miroir cylindrique (bipasse) pour differentes tensions appliquees a la cathode du canon a electrons. Les deplacements sont supposes etre dus a la modification des sections efficaces d'excitation des phonons par l'energie des electrons. Les resultats sont significatifs pour l'utilisation de la technique du pic elastique pour etalonnages a haute rectitude des echelles d'energies des spectres electroniques
Polyesters and polyurethanes of dihydroxymethylxylitol and glucitol

Several linear polyesters and polyurethanes containing 2,3,4-tri-O-methylxylitol, or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucitol, were prepared. Solution polymerization of either of the methylated derivatives with methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate) affords polyurethanes having molecular weights of about 30,000. Thermal polymerization of either methylated derivative with terephthaloyl chloride or mixtures of terephthaloyl chloride and sebacoyl chloride yields polyesters in the 4000–7000 molecular weight range. Films from these polyesters are brittle, with tensile strengths up to 32 kg./mm.2
Impulsivity partially mediates the association between reduced working memory capacity and alcohol problems

Although alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have been associated with impulsive personality traits and reduced working memory capacity (WMC), less is known about the nature of their interrelationships. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that low WMC is associated with both impulsive personality and alcohol problems, and that impulsive personality mediates the association between low WMC and alcohol problems. Measures of impulsive personality, WMC, and alcohol problems were assessed in a sample of young adults (N = 474), that varied widely in severity of alcohol problems, 57% of whom had alcohol dependence. Simple correlations revealed that WMC, impulsive personality traits, and alcohol problems were all significantly related. Structural equation models (SEMs) showed that impulsivity partially mediated the association between WMC and alcohol problems. Although directionality cannot be determined from these cross-sectional data, the results suggest that reduced WMC may promote impulsivity, which in turn, predisposes to alcohol problems.
EFFECT OF THE COULOMB INTERACTION ON ISOSPIN SELECTION RULES IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS

Abstract The effect of the Coulomb interaction on the ΔT = 0 selection rules for (α, d) and (α, α') reactions is investigated using the electric dipole sume rule to estimate the amount of T = 1 admixtures caused by the Coulomb interaction of the target and projectile.
Salmonella biofilm formation on Aspergillus niger involves cellulose--chitin interactions.

Salmonella cycles between host and nonhost environments, where it can become an active member of complex microbial communities. The role of fungi in the environmental adaptation of enteric pathogens remains relatively unexplored. We have discovered that S. enterica Typhimurium rapidly attaches to and forms biofilms on the hyphae of the common fungus, Aspergillus niger. Several Salmonella enterica serovars displayed a similar interaction, whereas other bacterial species were unable to bind to the fungus. Bacterial attachment to chitin, a major constituent of fungal cell walls, mirrored this specificity. Pre-incubation of S. Typhimurium with N-acetylglucosamine, the monomeric component of chitin, reduced binding to chitin beads by as much as 727-fold and inhibited attachment to A. niger hyphae considerably. A cellulose-deficient mutant of S. Typhimurium failed to attach to chitin beads and to the fungus. Complementation of this mutant with the cellulose operon restored binding to chitin beads to 79% of that of the parental strain and allowed for attachment and biofilm formation on A. niger, indicating that cellulose is involved in bacterial attachment to the fungus via the chitin component of its cell wall. In contrast to cellulose, S. Typhimurium curli fimbriae were not required for attachment and biofilm development on the hyphae but were critical for its stability. Our results suggest that cellulose–chitin interactions are required for the production of mixed Salmonella-A. niger biofilms, and support the hypothesis that encounters with chitinaceous alternate hosts may contribute to the ecological success of human pathogens.
The oscillating random walk

Abstract { Y n ; n =0, 1, …} denotes a stationary Markov chain taking values in R d . As long as the process stays on the same side of a fixed hyperplane E 0 , it behaves as an ordinary random walk with jump measure μ or ν, respectively. Thus ordinary random walk would be the special case μ = ν. Also the process Y ′ n = | Y ′ n −1 − Z n | (with the Z n as i.i.d. real random varia bles) may be regarded as a special case. The general process is studied by a Wiener–Hopf type method. Exact formulae are obtained for many quantities of interest. For the special case that the Y n are integral-valued, renewal type conditions are established which are necessary and sufficient for recurrence.
Some pharmaceutical Applications of Diode Array Spectrophotometers

AbstractA diode array spectrephotometer with a built-in computer has been used to determine pKas, complexation constants and the content uniformity of tablets containing two drugs. The built-in computation facilitates the acquisition of derivative spectra and the averaging of data obtained at a range of wavelengths. This enables assays of two component mixtures to be accomplished in short periods of time even when one component is present in a large excess.
How Career Changers Make Sense of Teaching through Professional Metaphors

This study offers a descriptive exploration of how specific life and career experiences metaphorically shape alternatively licensed, adult career changers' orientations toward teaching mathematics and science in urban secondary schools. The authors demonstrate that the metaphors these teachers employed provide important insights into what they expected and what they actually experienced in their work. They argue that a critical engagement of these metaphors has important implications for program administrators, university instructors, and school personnel concerned with the preparation and retention of teachers licensed through alternative paths. In particular, the authors draw from a career counseling approach in which opportunities are created for career-changing teachers and their mentors to reflect critically on certain values, ideals, and preferences embedded in an individual's career narrative.
The time-averaged geomagnetic field as recorded by lava flows over the past 5 Myr

SUMMARY A recently compiled lava flow data base spanning the last 5 million years is used to investigate properties of the time-averaged geomagnetic field. More than 90 per cent of the power in the palaeofield can be accounted for by a geocentric axial dipole; however, there are significant second-order structures in the field. Declination and inclination anomalies for the new data base indicate that the main second-order signal is the ‘far-sided’effect, and there is also evidence for non-zonal structure. VGP (virtual geomagnetic pole) latitude distributions indicate that, over the last 5 million years, normal and reverse polarity morphologies are different, and that any changes in the normal polarity field morphology are undetectable, given the present data distribution. Regularized non-linear inversions of the palaeomagnetic directions support all these observations. We test the hypothesis that zonal models for the time-averaged field are adequate to describe the data and find that they are not. Non-zonal models are needed to fit the data to within the required tolerance level. Normal and reverse polarity field models obtained are significantly different. Field models obtained for the Brunhes epoch data alone are much smoother than those obtained from combining all the normal polarity data; simulations indicate that these differences can be explained by the less extensive data distribution for the Brunhes epoch. The field model for all of the normal polarity data (LN1) contains features observed in the historical field maps, although the details differ. LN1 suggests that, although the two northern hemisphere flux lobes observed in the historical field are stationary to a first-order approximation, they do show changes in position and amplitude. A third, less pronounced flux lobe is observed in LN1 over central Europe. The lack of structure in the southern hemisphere is due in part to the paucity of data. Jackknife estimates of the field models for different subsets of the data suggest that a few sites contribute significant structure to the final field models. More conservative estimates of the time-averaged field morphology are obtained by removing these sites.
Theory of mutual phase locking of spin-torque nanosized oscillators

A theory of mutual phase locking of a pair of generating magnetic nanocontacts driven by a spin-polarized current is developed using the general theory of coupled nonlinear oscillators. Expressions for the phase-locking band and for the frequency of phase-locked oscillations are derived and compared to result of experiments. It is shown that in typical experiments, where the separation $a$ between the nanocontacts lies in the interval $0.2lal1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, the coupling between the nanocontacts leading to the phase-locking effect is mainly caused by propagating spin waves radiating into the common free layer, rather than by the direct magnetodipole interaction.
Long-term follow-up culture in state newborn screening programs

Purpose: Long-term follow-up is an increasing focus as newborn screening expands in the United States. The present study informs this issue by examining the role played by organizational culture in shaping the scope and substance of long-term follow-up in state newborn screening programs. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 38 state newborn screening programs. Results: Several key cultural norms were identified within state newborn screening programs that may undermine proactive attempts to conduct long-term follow-up. These include (a) beliefs that place direct patient care and specialist care versus a public health orientation at the center of long-term follow-up; (b) an everyday emphasis on short-term follow-up that obscures the longer-term follow-up focus; and (c) the perception that others are engaged in long-term follow-up at the state level. Conclusions: The findings support the importance of understanding state newborn screening program culture and how that culture may shape the scope and substance of long-term follow-up in a given state, regardless of the level of staff and resources made available to conduct these activities.
Heparin free dialysis: Comparative data and results in high risk patients

Heparin free hemodialysis was compared to systemic heparinization, intermittent saline flushes and constant saline infusions in eight, stable chronic patients dialyzing on hollow-fiber artificial kidneys (HFAK) at blood flows of 250 to 300 ml/min. No significant differences in small molecule clearance, fluid removal or dialyzer clotting were noted. Since this data showed that heparin free hemodialysis without supplemental saline was feasible in a group of stable, chronic dialysis patients, we then prospectively studied twenty-nine patients judged to be at increased risk of hemorrhage from heparinization during 100 heparin-free dialyses. The incidences of severe and moderate dialyzer clotting were 7% and 20%, respectively. Seventeen of 27 treatments in which moderate or severe clotting occurred had identifiable factors thought to predispose to dialyzer clotting such as low blood flows, poor vascular-access function, severe hypotension and intradialytic blood transfusions. Although higher hematocrit values were associated with greater degrees of dialyser clotting, stepwise discriminant analysis employing blood flow, blood pressure, hematocrit and transfusion administration could not develop an accurate predictor or combination of predictors of clotting. No patient experienced de novo or increased bleeding and problems with inadequate dialysis were not observed. Since this method of heparin free dialysis is as safe and effective as previously reported strategies and requires no specialized equipment or procedures, it is a reasonable initial strategy for dialyzing high risk patients.
The elephants and the gorillas

(1986). The elephants and the gorillas. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 42-56.
CW laser machining of hard ceramics—II. Effects of multiple reflections

Abstract Beam guiding effects during laser machining of ceramics due to multiple reflections in the groove are analyzed theoretically for two extreme cases—purely specular and purely diffuse reflections. Specular reflections are valid for materials that have a smooth surface during laser evaporation (small optical roughness as compared to the laser wavelength). For such cases the material surface is divided into a number of rectangular patches using a bicubic surface representation method. The net radiative flux for these patch elements is obtained by ray tracing methods. The resulting radiative flux due to specular reflections is combined with the three-dimensional conduction equation governing conduction losses into the medium, and the resulting groove shape and depth are found through an iterative procedure. Diffuse reflections are valid for materials that have a very rough surface during material removal. To address beam coupling due to diffuse reflections, irradiation calculations employing view factor theory were combined with the three-dimensional conduction model. Considering multiple reflections results in an increased effective absorptivity and deeper grooves, accompanied by a flatter profile near the centerline and steeper slopes in the other parts of the groove cross-section. For the tested set of parameters, material removal rates are increased by up to 40% by specular reflections, and up to 70% by diffuse reflections. Experiments with hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramic showed increased beam coupling for deeper grooves (high power and/or slow scanning speeds) as predicted by considering multiple reflections. The agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data for material removal rate and groove shape was good, if multiple reflections were assumed to be diffuse.
The Drosophila snr1 and brm proteins are related to yeast SWI/SNF proteins and are components of a large protein complex.

Abstract During most of Drosophila development the regulation of homeotic gene transcription is controlled by two groups of regulatory genes, the trithorax group of activators and the Polycomb group of repressors. brahma (brm), a member of the trithorax group, encodes a protein related to the yeast SWI2/SNF2 protein, a subunit of a protein complex that assists sequence-specific activator proteins by alleviating the repressive effects of chromatin. To learn more about the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of homeotic gene transcription, we have investigated whether a similar complex exists in flies. We identified the Drosophila snr1 gene, a potential homologue of the yeast SNF5 gene that encodes a subunit of the yeast SWI/SNF complex. The snr1 gene is essential and genetically interacts with brm and trithorax (trx), suggesting cooperation in regulating homeotic gene transcription. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of snr1 are similar to those of brm. The snr1 and brm proteins are present in a large (> 2 x 10(6) Da) complex, and they co-immunoprecipitate from Drosophila extracts. These findings provide direct evidence for conservation of the SWI/SNF complex in higher eucaryotes and suggest that the Drosophila brm/snr1 complex plays an important role in maintaining homeotic gene transcription during development by counteracting the repressive effects of chromatin.
LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN, COST, AND RISK: DESIGNING A DRILLED-SHAFT LOAD TEST PROGRAM IN FLORIDA LIMESTONE

Currently there are few if any guidelines on estimating the number of load tests in the design of drilled-shaft foundations in Florida limestone. For instance, for many sites there may be a similar number of field load tests but a significantly different number of design shafts. Moreover, little if any information exists on risk or reliability versus cost of drilled-shaft foundations or on the cost of field load testing. The collection of a large database of drilled-shaft tests (more than 25 with Osterberg and Statnamic devices), in situ laboratory data, drilled-shaft construction costs, and field load testing costs for Florida limestone is reported on. From the field load tests, the average unit skin friction for various sites was found, as well as the predicted values based on the Florida Department of Transportation recommended design approach. Next, using load and resistance factor design (LRFD), the resistance (ϕ) values were found for various reliabilities (risk or probability of failure). Once the ...
Orientalism in Euro-American and Indian psychology: historical representations of "natives" in Colonial and postcolonial contexts.

The author examines the historical role of Euro-American psychology in constructing Orientalist representations of the natives who were colonized by the European colonial powers. In particular, the author demonstrates how the power to represent the non-Western “Other” has always resided, and still continues to reside, primarily with psychologists working in Europe and America. It is argued that the theoretical frameworks that are used to represent non-Westerners in contemporary times continue to emerge from Euro-American psychology. Finally, the author discusses how non-Western psychologists internalized these Orientalist images and how such a move has led to a virtual abandonment of pursuing “native” forms of indigenous psychologies in Third World psychology departments. For more than 100 years, Euro-American psychology has essentially provided the raw material from which the psychological portraits of the non-Western “Other” have been drawn. Key forerunners of psychology professionals, such as Darwin (1871/1888), Hall (1904), and Spencer (1851/1969), played an important role in implicitly providing philosophical and “scientific” evidence to demonstrate the innate mental inferiority of non-Westerners and the essential mental superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race. Such evidence was used by the political leaders of Europe to justify and rationalize the colonial oppression of their non-Western subjects. For example, Thomas Babington Macaulay (1972), a colonial British statesman, essayist, and policy reformer, wrote the following in the Macaulay Minute regarding Indian education: I am quite ready to take the Oriental learning at the valuation of Orientalists themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia. The intrinsic superiority of Western literature is, indeed, fully admitted by those members of the Committee who support the Oriental plan of education. (p. 241)
Time-domain finite difference approach to the calculation of the frequency-dependent characteristics of microstrip discontinuities

The frequency-dependent characteristics of the microstrip discontinuities have previously been analyzed using full-wave approaches. The time-domain finite-difference (TD-FD) method presented here is an independent approach and is relatively new in its application for obtaining the frequency-domain results for microwave components. The validity of the TD-FD method in modeling circuit components for MMIC CAD applications is established. >
Childhood conscientiousness relates to objectively measured adult physical health four decades later.

The relation between conscientiousness traits and mortality risk has now been demonstrated in at least 20 studies (Kern & Friedman, 2008). These findings indicate far-reaching influences of this personality trait, and have been largely responsible for the recent interest in a lifespan approach to investigating mechanisms linking personality and health with a view toward targeting these mechanisms for interventions (e.g., Chapman, Roberts, & Duberstein, 2011; Hill, Turiano, Hurd, Mroczek, & Roberts, 2011). Many lifespan models of personality and health, whether they invoke health-behavior, stress, genetic, or other mechanisms, rely on the underlying principle that personality traits influence mortality through morbidity (major exceptions being models for sudden death due to accidents or homicide). Studies have associated personality and health outcomes using self-reports of health status and disease diagnoses (e.g., Goodwin & Friedman, 2006; Hampson, Goldberg, Vogt, & Dubanoski, 2007), and objective measures of health such as physicians’ ratings (Chapman, Lyness, & Duberstein, 2007), biomarkers (e.g., Sutin et al., 2009; Vollrath, Landolt, Gnehm, Laimbacher, & Sennhauser, 2007), or clinically determined disease progression (O’Cleirigh, Ironson, Weiss, & Costa, 2007). Support for lifespan personality-health models also comes from short-term (Raikkonen, Matthews, Sutton-Tyrell, & Kuller, 2004) and long-term (Peterson, Seligman, & Vaillant, 1988) prospective studies within adulthood using clinically assessed health outcomes. However, only a few studies to date have the longitudinal data necessary to examine associations between childhood personality traits and objective measures of health status in adulthood. The Dunedin study demonstrated associations between self-control assessed in childhood and a physical health index at age 32 composed of metabolic abnormalities, airflow limitation, periodontal disease, sexually transmitted infection, and C-reactive protein level, (Moffit et al., 2011). The study of Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns related childhood negative temperament to carotid artery intima media thickness 21 years later (Keltikangas-Jarvinen, Pulkki-Raback, Puttonen, Viikari, & Raitakari, 2006). The present study adds to past research by using a comprehensive measure of childhood personality and biomarkers of health status assessed over four decades later. It was hypothesized that lower levels of childhood conscientiousness would be associated with poorer health status on a global measure of physiological dysregulation and each of its subcomponents, after controlling for the other childhood Big Five traits, adult conscientiousness, an indicator of childhood socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnic group.
Invasive aspergillosis of the temporal bone: an unusual manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

(Editorial comment: Invasive mycotic infection of the inner ear is rare and is almost invariably associated with an immune disorder. Radical mastoidectomy and high-dose amphotericin B apparently irradicated the disease in this patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.] Invasive fungal infections have become increasingly common and represent a situation in which ubiquitous fungal species become aggressive opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. Invasive aspergillosis is most frequently encountered in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Additional risk factors include prolonged courses of antibiotics, cytotoxic chemotherapy, steroids, neoplasia, organ transplantation, and disorders of cell-mediated and humoral immunity.lPzV3 Manifestation of invasive aspergillosis in the head and neck are infrequent and generally limited to the paranasal sinuses.* Involvement of the inner ear is rare, and to the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first report of invasive aspergillosis confined to the temporal bone presenting with acute facial paralysis and sensorineural hearing loss.
Clinicopathological Features Among Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor–2-Positive Breast Cancer With Prolonged Clinical Benefit to First-Line Trastuzumab-Based Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background The magnitude of benefit of trastuzumab for the treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer varies widely. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinicopathological features associated with prolonged first-line trastuzumab-based treatment duration. Patients and Methods A total of 164 patients diagnosed with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer and treated with first-line trastuzumab-based therapy from 1999 to 2009 were identified. Duration of treatment was classified according to tertiles. Different logistic regression models including age, disease-free interval, number of metastatic sites, visceral disease, hormone receptor, and adjuvant trastuzumab were fitted to investigate associations with benefit of prolonged trastuzumab-based therapies. The predictive value of each model was assessed using C-statistics. Results At a median follow-up of 5.8 years (range, 0.7-22.1 years), patients in the short-, intermediate-, and long-term treatment duration groups were given first-line trastuzumab-based therapy for 14 months, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, patients with long-term clinical benefit had a higher likelihood of having hormone receptor-positive tumors (odds ratio [OR] positive vs. negative = 2.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-5.31]; P = .032); and a lower likelihood of having received adjuvant trastuzumab (OR adjuvant trastuzumab vs. no adjuvant trastuzumab = 0.30 [95% CI, 0.10-0.96]; P = .043]. C-statistics varied between 0.634 and 0.699. Conclusion Long-term benefit of trastuzumab-based therapy is associated with hormone receptor positivity and the absence of previous adjuvant trastuzumab. Nevertheless, clinicopathological features had a low predictive value for prolonged treatment duration. The validation of the current findings and the identification of molecular features associated the magnitude of trastuzumab benefit should be encouraged.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORCELAIN VACUUM TUBE

A satisfactory vacuum tube for the betatron was produced from porcelain by the casting process. The tube is toroidal in form with two tubular arms to which glass connections are fused for the sealed-in electrical leads. The interior of the tube has a metallic electrically conductive coating. The tube is permanently sealed off with a high vacuum.
Long wavelength spin waves in an itinerant ferromagnet from a disperion relation for χ±(q, ω)

Abstract The exact expressions for the second and third frequency moments of the transverse spin susceptibility (χ ± ) of a magnetic electron gas are derived. A subtracted dispersion relation incorporating the first few moments for it is derived from which the longwave spinwave dispersion is obtained.