cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disability in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer often experience debilitating speech, eating, and respiratory problems as well as the psychological effects of loss of function and change in body image. These patients often become unemployed as a result of their disease process, which adds financial burden to their already stressful lives. Yet the specific factors associated with unemployment have not been systematically studied. Methods: This multisite study used survey and chart data to determine the predictors of work-related disability. Results: Of the 384 patients who were working prior to their diagnosis of head and neck cancer, 52% (n=201) were disabled by their cancer treatment. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant links between disability and chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; P.001), neck dissection status (OR, 2.3;P=.01), pain scores (OR, 1.2; P=.01), and time since diagnosis (OR, 0.9; P=.04). Conclusions: More than half of the patients in this study were disabled by their head and neck cancer or treatment. Patients with head and neck cancer who have undergone chemotherapy or neck dissection or have high pain scores are at increased risk for disability from their cancer or their treatment. Efforts to prevent (if possible), better assess, and treat pain and other adverse effects of head and neck cancer treatments may also have the potential to reduce patient disability.
Histogram distance-based radio tomographic localization

We present an interactive demonstration of histogram distance-based radio tomographic imaging (HD-RTI), a device-free localization (DFL) system that uses measurements of received signal strength (RSS) on static links in a wireless network to estimate the locations of people who do not participate in the system by wearing any radio device in the deployment area. Compared to prior methods of RSS-based DFL, using a histogram difference metric is a very accurate method to quantify the change in RSS on the link compared to historical metrics. The new method is remarkably accurate, and works with lower node densities than prior methods.
The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl ester delays estrogen receptor-negative mammary carcinogenesis in polyoma middle T mice

Novel drugs are needed for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Synthetic triterpenoids are a promising new class of compounds with activity in a variety of preclinical cancer models. We tested activity of the methyl ester derivative of the synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me), in a relevant model of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, the polyoma-middle T (PyMT), in which the oncoprotein drives carcinogenesis. The developing tumors recapitulate key features of the human disease. Mice were fed CDDO-Me (50 mg/kg diet), starting at 4 weeks of age. CDDO-Me significantly increased the age of mice at onset of first tumor (P < 0.001) by an average of 4.3 weeks and overall survival (P < 0.001) by 5.2 weeks. The drug also inhibited the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages into mammary glands of PyMT mice at 12 weeks of age and reduced levels of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL2 in primary PyMT mammary tumor cells. Treatment with this multifunctional drug also inhibited secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in primary tumor cells from PyMT mice and decreased proliferation of these cells by inhibiting cyclin D1 and decreasing phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT3.
Office-based wire-guided open breast biopsy under local anesthesia is accurate and cost effective.

Abstract Background: Mammographic abnormalities found to be malignant by stereotactic biopsy still require a wire-guided biopsy (WGB) in most cases. We have previously described a simplified method of WGB that allows the procedure to be done with a minimum of dissection and under local anesthesia in the office setting. We hypothesized that this procedure can be used to produce cost-effective, office-based breast preservation therapy (BPT). Methods: We reviewed our recent experience with this WGB method to determine applicability and accuracy in the office setting. A cost-effectiveness analysis was also performed to determine potential charge reductions when this method is used to avoid operating room (OR) usage for either lumpectomy or lumpectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Results: Of the 164 biopsies reviewed, 114 (70%) were performed in the office setting under local anesthesia and 50 (30%) were performed in the OR. The most common reasons for choosing the OR setting included performance of biopsy during an unrelated procedure requiring the OR (16 cases), patient preference (12), deep lesions (6), and the inability of the patient to cooperate with local anesthesia (5). The complication rates were similar between the two settings (7% for office-based and 4% for OR; P = 0.697), and in neither setting were any lesions missed. A cost-effectiveness analysis using our Current Procedure Terminology (CPT)-based charges revealed a potential per-case charge reduction of $4,632 for office-based lumpectomy and $4306 for office-based lumpectomy/SLNB, using our method of WGB and local anesthesia, compared with the OR setting. Conclusions: Office-based WGB using our previously described method is accurate and can be applied to at least 70% of patients. Based on the favorable results of our cost analysis and rising support for SLNB, we anticipate increased utilization of the clinic setting and local anesthesia for BPT in the future.
Ambiguity and Anaphora with Plurals in Discourse

We provide examples of plurals related to ambiguity and anaphora that pose problems or are counterexamples for current approaches to plurals. We then propose a dynamic semantics based on an extension of dynamic predicate logic (DPL + ) to handle these examples. On our theory, different readings of sentences or discourses containing plu­rals don't arise from a postulated ambiguity of plural terms or predicates applying to plural DPs, but follow rather from different types of dynamic transitions that manip­ulate inputs and outputs from formulas or discourse constituents. Many aspects of meaning can affect the type dynamic transitions : the lexical semantics of predicates to the left and right of a transition, and number features of DPs and discourse constraints like parallelism.
Passive microwave signatures of Arctic snowstorms observed from satellites

Arctic precipitation has been imaged by the passive Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB) aboard the Aqua satellite, and by nearly identical instruments (AMSU-A and AMSU-B) aboard the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA-15, -16, and -17 satellites. Events were considered to be precipitation if they exhibited appropriate radiometric signatures and morphological evolution over consecutive satellite overpasses at 100-minute intervals. For such Arctic events, the observed cold perturbations near 183/spl plusmn/7 GHz were as much as 20 K, and the cold perturbations near 52.8 GHz were on the order of 1 K. These observed clumped cold perturbations imply the presence of scattering hydrometeors of diameter > 1 mm, which will precipitate. A comparison of these images with those of brightness temperatures from window channels that are sensitive to surface emissivity shows that such events are not likely to be the result of surface variations. Arctic precipitation rate estimates have been calculated using a precipitation-rate algorithm developed previously for mid-latitude climates. For example, on July 20, 2002 a precipitation event /spl sim/200/spl times/1000 km in size was observed by Aqua AMSU/HSB moving /spl sim/100 km/h from /spl sim/80/spl deg/ N toward northern Canada, and is consistent morphologically with numerical weather predictions. These estimates require substantial scaling to be accurate for polar atmospheres. Without careful modeling, areas of dry air can sometimes be mistakenly flagged as precipitation.
Changes in caregiver strain over time in young adolescents with ADHD: the role of oppositional and delinquent behavior.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify the relationships between caregiver strain among parents of young adolescents with ADHD and child characteristics during a 1-year period. Me...
Cell Cycle-Regulated Transcription by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Transactivator

Cyclin-dependent kinases are required for the Tat-dependent transition from abortive to productive elongation. Further, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein prevents proliferation of infected cells by arresting them in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These findings suggest that the life cycle of the virus may be integrally related to the cell cycle. We now demonstrate by in vitro transcription analysis that Tat-dependent transcription takes place in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Remarkably, Tat activates gene expression in two distinct stages of the cell cycle. Tat-dependent long terminal repeat activation is observed in G1. This activation is TAR dependent and requires a functional Sp1 binding site. A second phase of transactivation by Tat is observed in G2 and is TAR independent. This later phase of transcription is enhanced by a natural cell cycle blocker of HIV-1, vpr, which arrests infected cells at the G2/M boundary. These studies link the HIV-1 Tat protein to cell cycle-specific biological functions.
Risk and risk perception of knee osteoarthritis in the US: a population-based study

Summary Objective We sought to investigate risk perception among an online cohort of younger US adults compared with calculated risk estimates. Design We recruited a population-based cohort 25–44 years of age with no history of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, an online marketplace used extensively for behavioral research. After collecting demographic and risk factor information, we asked participants to estimate their 10-year and lifetime risk of knee OA. We compared perceived risk with risk derived from the OA risk calculator (OA Risk C), an online tool built on the basis of the validated OA Policy Model. Results 375 people completed the study. 21% reported having 3+ risk factors for OA, 25% reported two risk factors, and 32% reported one risk factor. Using the OA Risk C, we calculated a mean lifetime OA risk of 25% and 10-year risk of 4% for this sample. Participants overestimated their lifetime and 10-year OA risk at 48% and 26%, respectively. We found that obesity, female sex, family history of OA, history of knee injury, and occupational exposure were all significantly associated with greater perceived lifetime risk of OA. Conclusions Risk factors are prevalent in this relatively young cohort. Participants consistently overestimated their lifetime risk and showed even greater overestimation of their 10-year risk, suggesting a lack of knowledge about the timing of OA onset. These data offer insights for awareness and risk interventions among younger persons at risk for knee OA.
Conventional and best-relay-selection cooperative protocols under nodes-mobility and imperfect-CSI impacts: BER performance

In this paper, we analyze the performance of M-relay amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative network in the presence of imperfect channel-state-information (CSI) and taking into account the impact of the nodes mobility. Two relaying protocols are considered; conventional-relaying (CR), in which all relays are active and participate in the relaying process via orthogonal transmissions, and best-relay-selection-relaying (BR), in which the relay that achieves the highest signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) at the destination only participates in the relaying process. We first derive exact expressions for the destination SNRs through the direct and the ith-indirect paths. Moreover, closed-form expressions for the pdfs of the upper-bounded total SNRs and for the lower-bounded average bit error rates (BERs) are derived for both protocols. Under these considerations, the system BER performance experiences asymptotic floors, which are also obtained. All of the derived expressions are general and valid for mobile as well as static nodes for both perfect and imperfect estimations. We also show that, in the case of mobile nodes, the BR protocol provides worse BER performance than that of the CR at high values of the average SNR. Numerical results along with Monte-Carlo simulation results are also provided to verify the accuracy of the derived analytical expressions and to show the system performance under several nodes mobility scenarios.
Working with Fischer and Ravizza's account of moral Responsibility

This paper examines the account of guidance control given in Fischer and Ravizza's book, Responsibility and Control, with the aim of revising it so as to make it a better account of what needs to be added to having alternatives open to yield a specification of the control condition for responsibility that will be acceptable to an adherent of the principle that one is responsible for something only if one could have avoided it.
Associations Between Parity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Middle-Aged Women.

Abstract Background: Several studies have demonstrated an association between parity and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged women; however, some inconsistencies still remain in the literature after accounting for obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parity and the risk factors of CVD while accounting for current obesity status in middle-aged women. Method: Data for this study came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012. The final analytic sample included 2024 middle-aged women (40–60 years old). General linear models predicting CVD risk factors based on parity (nulliparous, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4) were established after controlling for study covariates. Least square adjusted means of CVD risk factors and associated 95% confidence intervals were estimated across parity and body mass index (BMI) levels. Results: Women with ≥4 parity (8.34%; standard error [SE] = 0.84) showed significantly distinct demographic characte...
In re Qimonda AG : The Conflict Between Comity and the Public Policy Exception in Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code

A case named In re Qimonda AG generated an appeal in the Fourth Circuit, which raised an important issue concerning Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code. The issue was whether the administrator of a foreign insolvency proceeding may circumvent U.S. public policy by invoking “comity” under Chapter 15, or whether the public policy exception in Chapter 15 prevents such a result. The specific question presented was whether Chapter 15 permits a foreign administrator to avoid the application of Section 365(n) of the Bankruptcy Code, which was enacted by Congress with the explicit goal of furthering the public policy of supporting the high tech industry by providing protection for intellectual property license agreements. In a 2007 article, and without any knowledge of Qimonda AG, I described a hypothetical situation in which the battle over the public policy exception might be triggered by a theoretical corporation filing for bankruptcy. In that hypothetical, the company owned and operated factories in the United States and Germany, and had thousands of creditors and employees in both countries. The hypothetical further contemplated that the company was incorporated in Germany, had its headquarters in Munich, owned and operated factories in Bavaria, and had half of its employees and creditors in Germany. The hypothetical concluded by finding that if the company filed for bankruptcy protection, it would be almost certain that Germany would be deemed to be the center of its main interests. Consequently, application of the pure universalist ideal would result in the German court taking control of the case and applying German bankruptcy law to the disposition of all of the assets and claims. This hypothetical has now become a reality. Qimonda AG is a company incorporated in Germany, and has its headquarters in Munich. The public policy exception has been directly triggered by this case. The purpose of this paper is to support the Bankruptcy Court’s decision. After completion of this paper, the Fourth Circuit affirmed the Bankruptcy Court’s decision and held that Chapter 15 does not permit the circumvention of Section 365(n).
PREVALÊNCIA DE HIPERLORDOSE LOMBAR E HIPERCIFOSE DORSAL EM ESCOLARES DA SERRA GAÚCHA

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalencia de hiperlordose lombar e hipercifose dorsal em escolares de 08 a 15 anos deidade em quatro escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Caxias do Sul. Metodologia: Foram avaliados 864 escolares,atraves de um estudo descritivo. Verificou-se os desvios posturais de tronco, por meio de avaliacao postural nasvistas anterior, lateral e posterior. Resultados: As prevalencias de desvios posturais observadas foram de 16,6% paraa hipercifose dorsal e 27,9% para a hiperlordose lombar. A idade de 8 a 12 anos apresentou-se como a idade com maiorprevalencia para hiperlordose lombar. Conclusoes: Os achados confirmam a necessidade de intervencoes por partedos profissionais da saude e educacao, buscando corrigir habitos inadequados de postura corporal, que podem seagravar e causar danos irreversiveis.
Hepeviruses of fish

Abstract Originally reported from California, the cutthroat trout virus (CTV) has now been isolated from eight species of salmonids in North America. Early work focused on the replication and physical characteristics of the small, round virus, but not until 20 years later was it determined to be most closely related to viruses causing hepatitis E in humans or infecting avian and mammalian hosts. The genome of CTV consists of 7269 nucleotides of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA with a genome organization similar to other members of the family Hepeviridae, although the amino acid sequence identity appears low enough to support creation of a novel genus. While CTV has not been associated with acute disease in fish, the virus was able to form persistently infected cell cultures that may aid research in treatment of hepatitis E-like viruses affecting humans or other animals. Interestingly, trout exposed to CTV were protected for about a month against subsequent exposure to Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Replicating agents suspected to be CTV can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.
Taking a More Balanced Approach to Adolescent Mobile Safety

Adolescent online safety is becoming more challenging as teens are prolifically using mobile smart phones. Parental control applications ("apps") are available, but, the adoption rates of such apps are remarkably low and may not adequately address the problem at hand. To examine this further, we propose three studies 1) a structured analysis of existing adolescent online safety apps, 2) a survey-based study to confirm our hypotheses that the values embedded in the features of these existing apps are sub-optimal, and 3) building a prototype of a new online safety app with features that better meet the needs of parents and teens.
Benign Liver Lesions

There are various types of hepatic lesions, both benign and malignant. This section focuses on benign liver lesions, their diagnosis, and management.
What Is Causing Headache and Neck Stiffness in This Patient

A 41-year-old African American man presented with the chief complaint of a constant, dull headache for 3 days. The headache had a gradual onset and was associated with nausea and mild neck stiffness that was not relieved by acetaminophen. The man denied experiencing visual disturbances, fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, shortness of breath, emesis, or weakness. He had no recent history of trauma or sick contacts.
Cell-free protein synthesis of norovirus virus-like particles

Norovirus vaccine development largely depends on recombinant virus-like-particles (VLPs). Norovirus VLPs have been produced in several cell-based expression systems with long production times. Here we report, for the first time, that norovirus VLPs can be expressed and assembled by using a cell-free protein expression system within four hours.
Poly-l-lactic Acid: Pellets to Fiber to Fused Filament Fabricated Scaffolds, and Scaffold Weight Loss Study

Abstract Poly- l -lactic acid (PLLA) is a bioresorbable polymer used in a variety of biomedical applications. Many 3D printers employ the fused filament fabrication (FFF) approach with the ubiquitous low-cost poly-lactic acid (PLA) fiber. However, use of the FFF approach to fabricate scaffolds with medical grade PLLA polymer remains largely unexplored. In this study, high molecular weight PL-32 pellets were extruded into ∼1.7 mm diameter PLLA fiber. Melt rheometric data of the PLLA polymer was analyzed and demonstrated pseudo-plastic behavior with a flow index of n = 0.465 (
Results of a prospective randomized control trial comparing hydrophilic to uncoated catheters in children with neurogenic bladder.

Summary Introduction Children with neurogenic bladder (NGB) often require a lifetime of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), typically using uncoated catheters (UCs). Hydrophilic catheters (HCs) have lower friction than UCs with reported less damage to the urethra. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes between these catheters. Methods An investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare HCs versus UCs. Children aged 2–17 years with NGB on CIC were enrolled for 1 year. Block randomization was used. Dexterity scores were obtained in those who perform self-catheterization. Outcomes were UTI, difficulty passing the catheter, urethral injury, and patient satisfaction. Results Demographic data is presented in the Table. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. Age and gender were similar between the groups. Fifteen patients in each group performed CIC via an abdominal wall stoma. Eight and 15 patients withdrew from the UC and HC groups, respectively. The HC group overall had more problems with the catheter, mainly difficulty with handling. There were no differences for passing the catheter, pain, hematuria, or urethral injuries. There were two urinary tract infections (UTIs) in two HC patients and 17 UTIs in seven UC patients (p = 0.003). Patients with UTIs in the HC group went from 16% in the previous year to 5% during the study. Three children in the HC group had three or more UTIs in the year before enrollment and none during the study. The patients that completed the study with HC were overall satisfied and many requested to continue with the HC. Conclusions HCs may decrease the risk of UTI in children with NGB. Urethral complications were low in both groups. Most HC patients were pleased but some found the slippery coating difficult to handle. Table Demographic data. . Hydrophilic Uncoated p Patients (N) 37 41 NS Male 18 20 Female 19 21 Mean age (years) 12.9 13.6 NS CIC via native urethra (N) 22 26 NS Abdominal wall stoma (N) 15 15 NS Bladder augmentation (N) 8 8 NS Withdrawn (N) 15 8 0.05 UTIs per person-year (N) 2 17 0.003 Difficulty handling (N) 4 0 0.02 Difficulty passing catheter (N) 3 0 0.06 Urethral pain (N) 3 0 0.06 No events for either group in regards to gross hematuria, urethral injury, need for surgical intervention. Bold values represents statistical significance.
The Riemann Hypothesis for Function Fields: Frobenius Flow and Shift Operators

List of illustrations Preface Introduction 1. Valuations 2. The local theory 3. The zeta function 4. Weil positivity 5. The Frobenius flow 6. Shift operators 7. Epilogue References Notation Index.
The X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Human Mono-Oxygenase Cytochrome P450 3A5-Ritonavir Complex Reveals Active Site Differences between P450s 3A4 and 3A5.

The contributions of cytochrome P450 3A5 to the metabolic clearance of marketed drugs is unclear, but its probable role is to augment the metabolism of several drugs that are largely cleared by P450 3A4. Selective metabolism by 3A4 is often a concern in drug development owing to potential drug-drug interactions and the variability of 3A4 and 3A5 expression. The contribution of P450 3A5 to these clearance pathways varies between individuals owing to genetic differences and similarities and differences in the metabolic properties of 3A5 compared with 3A4. To better understand the structural differences between P450s 3A4 and 3A5, the structure of 3A5 complexed with ritonavir was determined by X-ray crystallography to a limiting resolution of 2.91 A. The secondary and tertiary structures of 3A5 and 3A4 are similar, but the architectures of their active sites differ. The 3A5 active site is taller and narrower than that of 3A4. As a result, ritonavir adopts a distinctly different conformation to fit into the cavity of 3A5 than seen for 3A4. These structural changes reflect amino acid differences that alter the conformation of the helix F through helix G region in the upper portion of the cavity and ionic interactions between residues in the beta-sheet domain that reduce the width of the cavity. The structural differences exhibited by 3A4 and 3A5 suggest that the overlap of catalytic activities may reflect molecular flexibility that determines how alternative conformers fit into the different active site architectures of the two enzymes.
The Endoscopic Buccal Fat Pad Flap for Closure of Skull Base Defects: A Report of 5 Cases.

Objective To demonstrate the clinical utility of the buccal fat pad flap (BFPF) for closing a variety of skull base defects. Methods A retrospective chart review of 5 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic cranial base surgery with endoscopic harvest of BFPF pedicled along the internal maxillary artery for reconstruction of the skull base between October 2013 and November 2014. Results All 5 patients had complete take of the BFPFs with mucosalization on postoperative follow-up with no reported complications or cerebrospinal fluid leak. Conclusions This is the first report on the application of endoscopic BFPF. Our experience suggests that this recently described flap is viable and a useful addition to the armamentarium of the skull base surgeon.
When BCIs have APIs: Design Fictions of Everyday Brain-Computer Interface Adoption

In this paper, we use design fiction to explore the social implications for adoption of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). We argue that existing speculations about BCIs are incomplete: they discuss fears about radical changes in types of control, at the expense of discussing more traditional types of power that emerge in everyday experience, particularly via labor. We present a design fiction in which a BCI technology creates a new type of menial labor, using workers' unconscious reactions to assist algorithms in performing a sorting task. We describe how such a scenario could unfold through multiple sites of interaction: the design of an API, a programmer's question on StackOverflow, an internal memo from a dating company, and a set of forum posts about laborers' experience using the designed system. Through these fictions, we deepen and expand conversations around what kinds of (everyday) futures BCIs could create.
Serum Calcitriol Concentrations and Kidney Function Decline, Heart Failure, and Mortality in Elderly Community-Living Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

Rationale & Objectives Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been associated with risk for kidney function decline, heart failure, and mortality. However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D requires conversion to its active metabolite, calcitriol, for most biological effects. The associations of calcitriol concentrations with clinical events have not been well explored. Study Design Case-cohort study. Setting & Participants Well-functioning community-living older adults aged 70 to 79 years at inception who participated in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Predictor Serum calcitriol measured using positive ion electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Outcomes Major kidney function decline (≥30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline), incident heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Analytic Approach Baseline calcitriol concentrations were measured in a random subcohort of 479 participants and also in cases with major kidney function decline [n=397]) and incident HF (n=207) during 10 years of follow-up. Associations of serum calcitriol concentrations with these end points were evaluated using weighted Cox regression to account for the case-cohort design, while associations with mortality were assessed in the subcohort alone using unweighted Cox regression. Results During 8.6 years of mean follow-up, 212 (44%) subcohort participants died. In fully adjusted models, each 1–standard deviation lower calcitriol concentration was associated with 30% higher risk for major kidney function decline (95% CI, 1.03-1.65; P=0.03). Calcitriol was not significantly associated with incident HF (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94-1.47) or mortality (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81-1.26). We observed no significant interactions between calcitriol concentrations and chronic kidney disease status, baseline intact parathyroid or fibroblast factor 23 concentrations. Limitations Observational study design, calcitriol measurements at a single time point, selective study population of older adults only of white or black race. Conclusions Lower calcitriol concentrations are independently associated with kidney function decline in community-living older adults. Future studies will be needed to clarify whether these associations reflect lower calcitriol concentrations resulting from abnormal kidney tubule dysfunction or direct mechanisms relating lower calcitriol concentrations to more rapid loss of kidney function.
Introduction to Child Clinical Neuropsychology

Child neuropsychology is the study of brain function and behavior in children and adolescents. Brain functioning has a direct impact on the behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Thus, disorders must be addressed within an integrated model of child clinical neuropsychology. Further, the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neurodevelopmental course of childhood disorders are of importance within an integrated framework. Studies routinely have identified the importance of intact functional cortical and subcortical systems in the overall adjustment of children and adolescents. Further, researchers have recently begun to address specific strategies for treating various brain-related disorders. Initial results suggest reason to be optimistic when interventions consider the child's functional neuro-psychological status.
Historical Issues and Perceptual Identification

Almost anyone who has normal hearing, and who has lived long enough to read these words, has had the experience of recognizing some unseen speaker (usually someone familiar) solely from listening to his or her voice. It was from this common everyday experience that the concept (or is it a myth?) of speaker identification was born. References to the process in novels, comic strips, the movies and television have resulted in a perpetuation and refinement of this “myth” to a point that presently many people believe such things as: (1) the identification of a talker by listening to him or her is infallible—or nearly so, (2) technologically we can carry out voice identifications with exactitude, (3) “voice-prints” are the direct equivalent of fingerprints, and so on. Therein lies the structure of a so-called myth.
Realignment for Mono-compartment Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Osteotomy for mono-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common indications for deformity correction surgery. Because arthrosis is already present, the goal of treatment is to preserve the knee joint and delay the need for TKR as long as possible. Although many patients who undergo osteotomy never require TKR, the osteotomy must be performed with the assumption that each patient must remain an optimal TKR candidate after surgery. There are three compartments in the knee joint: medial, lateral, and patellofemoral. Arthritis may predominantly affect one or more of these. The most common compartment affected is the medial compartment. This chapter focuses predominantly on medial compartment osteoarthritis (MCOA) and, to a lesser extent, on the other two compartments.
Intestinal Toxicity in Rats Following Administration of CDK4/6 Inhibitors Is Independent of Primary Pharmacology

Recently three different cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) dual inhibitors were approved for the treatment of breast cancer (palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib), all of which offer comparable therapeutic benefits. Their safety profiles, however, are different. For example, neutropenia is observed at varying incidences in patients treated with these drugs; however, it is the most common adverse event for palbociclib and ribociclib, whereas diarrhea is the most common adverse event observed in patients treated with abemaciclib. To understand the mechanism of diarrhea observed with these drugs and in an effort to guide the development of safer drugs, we compared the effects of oral administration of palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib on the gastrointestinal tract of rats using doses intended to produce comparable CDK4/6 inhibition. Rats administered abemaciclib, but not palbociclib or ribociclib, had fecal alterations, unique histopathologic findings, and distinctive changes in intestinal gene expression. Morphologic changes in the intestine were characterized by proliferation of crypt cells, loss of goblet cells, poorly differentiated and degenerating enterocytes with loss of microvilli, and mucosal inflammation. In the jejunum of abemaciclib-treated rats, downregulation of enterocyte membrane transporters and upregulation of genes associated with cell proliferation were observed, consistent with activation of the Wnt pathway and downstream transcriptional regulation. Among these CDK4/6 inhibitors, intestinal toxicity was unique to rats treated with abemaciclib, suggesting a mechanism of toxicity not due to primary pharmacology (CDK4/6 inhibition), but to activity at secondary pharmacologic targets.
The other bad men at the door: Ontological spaces and the monstrous

The project here lies in putting two texts—The Walking Dead (TWD) and True Detective (Season 1)—to work in the effort of pedagogy, looking at the text as curriculum and as a way to teach curriculum theorizing through the use of popular culture. Using a cultural studies framework, this paper suggests that contemporary popular culture provides fertile ground for new understandings of the ways in which the socio-cultural context and its relation to contemporary issues in curriculum theory are entangled in the ethical and the ontological. In particular, representations of the spatial in the show/s provide an entree into thinking about the ways in which space is increasingly politicized within contemporary conditions. I argue that these two shows are primarily about ontology—what it means to be, or perhaps in the “posts,” what might it mean to become. For a zombie show like TWD, this may seem obvious as we witness the transformation of the dead to the undead, but as has been offered all over the internet, the show is really about the human (or post-human?) characters. True Detective, at least at first glance, a more traditional, film noir, Southern gothic crime drama, buries these questions a little deeper and requires one to think through the dialogue and overall structure to push the ontological. Both shows involve the monstrous, however (spoiler alert), at the end of the day…the monstrous is us.
Measuring the Casimir forces and torques

The confinement of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations between two, isotropic macroscopic objects results in a force, i.e. the Casimir force. This force depends on both the geometry and the optical properties of the materials involved. An additional effect has been predicted for optically anisotropic materials, which can cause a rotation, i.e. a Casimir torque. Here we present our recent measurements of both of these phenomena. First, I will describe our results pertaining to the Casimir force between two spheres – a geometry that has previously eluded measurement due to experimental difficulties. Second, I will discuss additional geometries including pillars and holes that are now possible with this measurement technique and why they are interesting. Finally, I will conclude with a discussion of our recent measurement of the Casimir torque.
Implementing video visits into an orthopedic hip arthroscopy practice: a case study

Telehealth videoconferencing has been shown to be feasible, cost-effective and safe in numerous fields of medicine. In an effort to increase access and improve the quality of care offered to patients we implemented a telehealth initiative allowing for remote orthopedic clinic visits at a major academic medical center. Here we report on our experience and early outcomes. A telehealth platform was launched for a single fellowship trained orthopedic surgeon at a major academic hospital in August 2018. New patients residing outside the metro area, all return patients and patients with an uncomplicated post-operative course were offered the option to complete patient encounters remotely via a telehealth platform. Each patient was offered a Patient Satisfaction Survey following video visit. Patient zip codes were used to estimate patient commutes. Ninety-six percent of patients agreed/strongly agreed with the statement 'I was satisfied with my Telehealth experience' while 51% agreed/strongly agreed with the statement 'This visit was just as good as a face to face visit'. In all, 94% of patients agreed/strongly agreed with the statement 'Having a telehealth visit made receiving care more accessible for me'. The median miles saved on commutes were 123.3 miles. The no show rate for telehealth visits was 8.2% versus 3.2% for in-person (P < 0.001). Telehealth video visits provided patients with a modality for completing orthopedic clinic visits while maintaining a high-quality care and patient satisfaction. Patient convenience was optimized with video visits with elimination of long commutes. Level of evidence: IV.
Relationship Between Individual Health Beliefs and Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors: Results from the Health Information National Trends Survey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors and health beliefs among cancer survivors and identify potential differences between adolescent and young ad...
Is Resistance to Foreign Law Rooted in Racism

The goal of this Essay is to situate transjudicial communications and the backlash against foreign legal citations into a conversation about race and racism. The goal is not to try to prove that opposition to foreign law is racist. That claim is better left for future research. Rather, at a minimum, the resistance to foreign and international law has correlations to racism and is grounded in a racial narrative.In discussing racism and transjudicial communications, this Essay begins with a working definition of the contested conceptualization of globalization because transjudicial communications are a specific example of globalization. Second, I provide a brief overview of transjudicial communications in the United States and discuss how resistance to this process is linked to oppression and racism. Finally, I argue how racially-rooted resistance to foreign legal citation inhibits the possibilities for U.S. Supreme Court Justices to learn about race in the context of race-conscious university admissions. I use the example of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil’s landmark affirmative action decision issued in April 2012 as an example of a missed opportunity for the U.S. Supreme Court to learn about race and the crafting of appropriate race-conscious remedies.
Sudanese refugees in a Minnesota family practice clinic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the 1990s, African refugees from the southern Sudan were resettled in Minnesota. This research characterizes the health care utilization of a small sample of these recently arrived refugees and describes their health histories. METHODS Data were abstracted from the medical charts of all identified Sudanese patients in an urban, Midwestern family practice residency unit. RESULTS A small sample of Sudanese refugees were found to have high rates of prior infectious illness and experienced communication difficulties in accessing health care. CONCLUSIONS Information about this sample's demographic variables, health behavior, health histories, and communication difficulties are documented. Some descriptors of the Nuer ethnic group are provided, and issues are raised that may help health care workers provide more culturally competent care to this Sudanese refugee population.
On Rourke's extension of group presentations and a cyclic version of the Andrews-Curtis conjecture

In 1979, Rourke proposed to extend the set of cyclically reduced defining words of a group presentation P by using operations of cyclic permutation, inversion and taking double products. He proved that iterations of these operations yield all cyclically reduced words of the normal closure of defining words of P if the group, defined by the presentation P, is trivial. We generalize this result by proving it for every group presentation P with an obvious exception. We also introduce a new, "cyclic", version of the Andrews-Curtis conjecture and show that the original Andrews-Curtis conjecture with stabilizations is equivalent to its cyclic version.
Biosynthesis of tyvelose. The purification and properties of cytidine diphosphate D-glucose oxidoreductase.

Abstract Crude extracts of Salmonella typhi catalyze the conversion of cytidine diphosphate d-glucose to CDP-tyvelose. Two intermediates in this reaction sequence have been identified as CDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose and CDP-paratose. The enzyme catalyzing the conversion of CDP-d-glucose to CDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose (CDP-d-glucose oxidoreductase) has been purified approximately 50-fold from these extracts, and its properties have been studied. The product of the reaction, CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose, was characterized by chemical reduction. Mild acid hydrolysis of the reduced nucleotide yielded two 6-deoxyhexoses which were identified as d-fucose (6-deoxygalactose) and 6-deoxy-d-glucose by chromatographic, chemical, and enzymatic methods CDP-d-glucose oxidoreductase has been shown to require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The enzyme was not activated by NADP+. However, the over-all reaction from CDP-d-glucose to CDP-tyvelose has been shown to require NADPH, indicating that this cofactor is involved at a later step in the reaction sequence.
The distribution of gold and iridium in meteoritic and terrestrial materials.

Abstract The concentrations of gold and iridium have been determined in various meteoritic and terrestrial materials by the technique of neutron activation. The concentrations of gold and iridium are uniform among the carbonaceous chondrite subgroups, and the Ir/Au weight ratio is nearly constant at 2.1. Cosmic atomic abundances relative to Si = 106 based on analyses of type I carbonaceous chondrites are 0.23 for gold and 0.42 for iridium. Iridium is found to be strongly depleted with respect to gold among the enstatite chondrites, and in all cases the Ir/Au weight ratio is less than unity. The observed concentrations of the two elements in separated magnetic and nonmagnetic fractions derived from various chondrite groups, reflect the relative oxidation states of the chondrite subgroups, as well as the relative siderophilic character of the two elements as predicted by thermodynamics. The achondrites are seen to be strongly depleted in both gold and iridium. The results of analyses of separated chondrules, meteoritic troilite, as well as metallic spherules of meteoritic origin are discussed. Data are also presented for the concentrations of the two elements in some igneous rocks of possible upper mantle origin.
Underexpansion of sirolimus-eluting stents: incidence and relationship to delivery pressure.

We aimed to assess the incidence of underexpansion and the relationship between delivery pressure and expansion with sirolimus-eluting stents. Adequate stent expansion contributes to early and late improved outcomes. In 51 patients (53 lesions) with native coronary artery narrowing, balloon-expandable sirolimus-eluting stents (Cypher) were serially expanded with gradual balloon inflations [14 atm, 20 atm, and in case of minimal stent cross-sectional area (CSA)/reference lumen CSA 80% of the reference or > 90% if minimal lumen CSA was < 9 mm2) was adequate in 15% of the cases after 14 atm balloon inflation, in 60% after 20 atm balloon inflation (P < 0.001 vs. 14 atm), and in 60% at the end of the procedure (P = NS vs. 20 atm). Sirolimus-eluting stent underexpansion is common when deployed at conventional pressures. Increasing balloon delivery pressure or assessing stent expansion with IVUS seems warranted in order to ensure adequate sirolimus-eluting stent deployment.
Facilitating Support Groups for Professionals Working with People with AIDS

Social workers, nurses, and other health care professionals who work with people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are experiencing burnout from the excessive demands on their energy, strength, and resources. Support groups, with their focus on awareness, shared experiences, supportive and helping relationships, and the emotional consequences of working with people with AIDS, help health care professionals manage stress and enhance their capacity and effectiveness to work with these clients. In addition, support groups help participants feel less isolated and share feelings regarding such difficult issues as death, anger, helplessness, and loss. The use of this type of group work is identified, including its administration, effective intervention techniques, and issues of health care professionals who work with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Problems related to group membership and dropout rates are explored as unresolved issues.
ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Diagnosed After Hospital Admission

Background—Treatment times for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting to percutaneous coronary intervention hospitals have improved dramatically over the past 10 years, particularly for patients using emergency medical services. Limited data exist regarding treatment times and outcomes for patients who develop STEMI after hospital admission. Methods and Results—With the use of a comprehensive prospective regional STEMI program database, we evaluated the characteristics and outcomes for patients who develop STEMI after hospital admission. Of the 3795 consecutive STEMI patients treated by the use of the Minneapolis Heart Institute regional STEMI program from March 2003 to January 2013, 990 (26.1%) presented initially to the percutaneous coronary intervention facility, including 640 arriving via emergency medical services, 267 self/family driven, and 83 already admitted to the hospital. Patients with in-hospital presentation were older with higher body mass indexes, were more likely t...
Brazilian policy for the distribution and production of antiretroviral drugs: a privilege or a right?

This article focuses on the Brazilian National AIDS Program and its policy of distributing and producing antiretroviral drugs, emphasizing links between local decisions and global HIV/AIDS policies. Emphasizing recent developments in the Brazilian and international scenario with regard to access to treatment for people with HIV/AIDS, the article highlights the participation by the pharmaceutical industry, governments, civil society, and UN agencies in establishing responses to the pandemic. The author concludes by identifying transnational activism as a key response to both the power of pharmaceutical corporations and the law of the market (including patent laws), thus fostering global solidarity for people with HIV/AIDS.