cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational and Experimental Comparison of a Powered Lift, Upper Surface Blowing Configuration

This paper demonstrates the use of CFD as a validation tool for wind tunnel data on 2D high lift airfoil with a 3D engine performed by Georgia Tech Research Institute. Results of this validation will assist in determining the appropriate turbulence models, boundary conditions, mesh characteristics and other CFD modeling techniques necessary to capture the complicated flow physics associated with the coupling of circulation control wings and engine exhaust flows. It was found that grid issues and the two-equation turbulence model, k-e, over predicted lift as blowing momentum increases even with the additional complexity of having an over the wing engine. The detailed techniques utilized to most accurately capture the flow properties, including lift forces and flow field characteristics, are provided and discussed.
Decrease in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit and PSD-93 transcript levels in the male mouse MPG after cavernous nerve injury or explant culture

Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test whether cavernous nerve injury leads to a decrease in major pelvic ganglia (MPG) neuronal nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subunit and postsynaptic density...
Effect of dietary calcium, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or bird strain on small intestinal phytase activity in broiler chickens

Broilers chickens have limited ability to utilize phytate phosphorus (PP), and the influence of nutrients on the activity and efficacy of intestinal phytase is unclear. Therefore in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment, male chicks were fed 0 or 0.21 mg/kg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D3), 4 or 9 g/kg Ca supplied from CaCO3 or Ca malate from 14 to 24 d of age (six pens/treatment, eight birds/pen). Source of Ca had no effect on tibia ash, intestinal phytase activity, or apparent ileal PP hydrolysis. Phytase activity (Vmax) within brush border vesicles prepared from small intestinal mucosa was greater in chicks fed 4 vs. 9 g/kg Ca (P < or = 0.05). Similarly, birds fed 4 vs. 9 g/kg Ca were able to hydrolyze an additional 24.36% PP (P < 0.01). Intestinal phytase activity and apparent ileal PP hydrolysis were not affected by 25-OH D3 supplementation, but tibia ash was improved by 2.7% (P < 0.01). A subsequent experiment validated the effect of dietary Ca (4 and 9 g/kg) and elucidated differences between strains (Ross 308 and Hubbard x Peterson) from 8 to 22 d of age (six pens/treatment, eight birds/pen). The strains responded similarly to dietary Ca in terms of intestinal phytase and apparent ileal PP hydrolysis. Intestinal phytase activity was 9% greater in birds fed 4 vs. 9 g/kg Ca (P < 0.05) and apparent ileal PP hydrolysis was 11.9% greater (P < 0.02). In conclusion, a typical dietary Ca concentration (9 g/kg) reduced intestinal phytase activity and apparent ileal PP hydrolysis.
The microscopy of parotid atrophy after ligation of Stensen's duct.

. Stensen's duct was ligated in 18 mature Sprague-Dawley rats and the parotid gland was examined at intervals of up to 90 days. Standard preparatory techniques were used for light and electron microscopy. Parotid tissue decreases with time following ligation of the duct. The course from 1 week onward is one of progressive atrophy; at 3 months the number of identifiable acini is greatly decreased. The controls remained unchanged throughout the course of the study. Ligation of the parotid duct will produce glandular atrophy. The clinical implications are that for some parotid conditions ligation may be an effective treatment which avoids the hazards of parotid surgery.
A comprehensive system-level simulation paradigm for UWB systems

The prevalence of ultra-wide band (UWB) in wireless systems (e.g. imaging radar, positioning, and communication) has increased greatly in the last decade following the ruling by the Federal Communications Commission to allow system operation over the 3.1–10.6 GHz band [1]. These systems utilize state-of-the-art technology both in the radio frequency (RF) front-end and digital back-end. A need exists to be able to accurately simulate these complex systems at the system-level [2, 3]. Difficulties exist in accurately simulating these complex systems given the varying levels of complexity in both the digital and analog devices of the system (e.g. transistor level, component level, and overall system level) [4]. Additional complexity is added by antenna effects, phase center variation, and the UWB indoor channel environment. In this work, we outline a general simulation framework which can be used to simulate a variety of UWB systems (e.g. imaging radar, positioning, and communication). We also illustrate how simulated results can be directly compared to experimental results for two distinct UWB systems: a through wall imaging radar system and a high accuracy indoor positioning system. These examples illustrate the need for comprehensive simulation paradigms for rapid design prototyping and optimizing of the UWB systems.
Pricing swaps and options on quadratic variation under stochastic time change models—discrete observations case

We use a forward characteristic function approach to price variance and volatility swaps and options on swaps. The swaps are defined via contingent claims whose payoffs depend on the terminal level of a discretely monitored version of the quadratic variation of some observable reference process. As such a process we con- sider a class of Levy models with stochastic time change. Our analysis reveals a natural small parameter of the problem which allows a general asymptotic method to be developed in order to obtain a closed-form expression for the fair price of the above products. As examples, we consider the CIR clock change, general affine models of activity rates and the 3/2 power clock change, and give an analytical expression of the swap price. Comparison of the results obtained with a familiar log-contract approach is provided.
Atomistic Simulation of kinks for 1/2a Screw Dislocation in Ta

We study the structure and formation energy of kinks in 1/2a screw dislocation in metallic Ta Embedded Atom Model Force Field parameterized using quantum mechanical computations. We studied a/3 kinks using a simulation cell containing four dislocations in a quadrupole arrangement. We impose periodic boundary conditions in the directions perpendicular to [111] and fixed boundaries in the [111] direction. We find that two, energetically equivalent, core configurations for the 1/2a dislocation lead to 8 distinguishable single kinks and 16 kink pairs. The different mismatches of core configurations along [111] direction cause variations in kink formation energy. The lowest formation energy of a kink pair is determined to be 0.73 eV. The geometric features of such kink pair have been studied with the help of structural analysis of the atomistic model. We also compare the activation energy for dislocation motion via the double kink mechanism with the activation energy for a rigid dislocation motion from a dipole annihilation simulation. We find that the migration energy for dislocation motion via double kink formation is 0.016 eV/b, which is less than the quarter of the migration energy associated with the kink free motion of a straight dislocation, 0.073 eV/b.
Lactate and Acrylate Metabolism by Megasphaera elsdenii under Batch and Steady-State Conditions

The growth of Megasphaera elsdenii on lactate with acrylate and acrylate analogues was studied under batch and steady-state conditions. Under batch conditions, lactate was converted to acetate and propionate, and acrylate was converted into propionate. Acrylate analogues 2-methyl propenoate and 3-butenoate containing a terminal double bond were similarly converted into their respective saturated acids (isobutyrate and butyrate), while crotonate and lactate analogues 3-hydroxybutyrate and (R)-2-hydroxybutyrate were not metabolized. Under carbon-limited steady-state conditions, lactate was converted to acetate and butyrate with no propionate formed. As the acrylate concentration in the feed was increased, butyrate and hydrogen formation decreased and propionate was increasingly generated, while the calculated ATP yield was unchanged. M. elsdenii metabolism differs substantially under batch and steady-state conditions. The results support the conclusion that propionate is not formed during lactate-limited steady-state growth because of the absence of this substrate to drive the formation of lactyl coenzyme A (CoA) via propionyl-CoA transferase. Acrylate and acrylate analogues are reduced under both batch and steady-state growth conditions after first being converted to thioesters via propionyl-CoA transferase. Our findings demonstrate the central role that CoA transferase activity plays in the utilization of acids by M. elsdenii and allows us to propose a modified acrylate pathway for M. elsdenii.
Effects of acute exposure to fluoranthene‐contaminated sediment on the survival and genetic variability of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

One-month-old fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to fluoranthene-contaminated sediment (1.24 mg/gm organic carbon) during a 96-h exposure. Of the 909 minnows exposed to fluoranthene, 684 (75%) minnows died during the exposure. Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was used to determine genotypes at six variable enzyme loci (β-GAL*, GPI-1*, GPI-2*, IDHP-1*, MDH-2*, and PGM*). Statistical analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between the genetic data and weight, length, and time to death (TTD) offish using an accelerated failure time regression model (LIFEREG). The GPI-1*, MDH-2*, and PGM* loci were found to be significantly related to TTD. Multilocus heterozygosity was also related to TTD. Lower heterozygosity was related to a longer TTD and a greater chance of survival. Fish weight was strongly related to TTD and survival. Larger fish had a longer TTD and a greater chance of survival. Mean fish weight differed significantly among genotypes at each locus. This resulted in large differences between LIFEREG regression models that factored weight out and those models that did not separate weight from the genotypes or multilocus heterozygosity. The results of the study indicated that differential survival to fluoranthene was genetically related. The frequencies of several genotypes were significantly different in the survivors of the fluoranthene exposure compared with those in the initial population.
Parallel Gaussian Elimination on Single-chip Cloud Computer

Gaussian elimination (GE) method is widely used in the solution of systems of linear equations. The Single-chip Cloud Computer (SCC) is an experimental processor created by Intel Labs. This paper analyzes performance of parallel Gaussian Elimination method applied on SCC. Three systems of equations with different sizes are tested. The results show that Gaussian elimination method can benefit from the multi-core systems and better performance can be achieved when the size of systems becomes larger.
Lung Macrophage Function Evaluated Using Magnetic Aerosols

The migratory and phagocytic capabilities of pulmonary macrophages are important elements in lung defence against particles deposited on alveolar surfaces. Both migration and phagocytosis rely on the ability of macrophages to generate intracellular motion. A non-invasive experimental indicator of this cytoplasmic motile activity has been developed. When humans or animals inhale an aerosol of magnetic particles, the retention of material within the lungs can be quantified magnetometrically. Furthermore, the magnetic field from the lungs decreases with time after magnetization, indicating that the lung-retained particles are in constant motion. The role of cytoplasmic activity in these particle motions was examined in isolated lung macrophages after magnetic-particle phagocytosis. Experimental interventions that inhibited the ability of the cells to produce cytoplasmic motion slowed the remanent-field decay rate. Results obtained by videomicroscopy of living cells and from functional impairment correlated with the magnetometric signals. The data confirmed that macrophage movement of ingested magnetic particles is a major contributor to the remanent-field decay observed in lungs after magnetization. It was found that magnetic fields can manipulate intracellular magnetic particles. Application of a high-field permanent magnet caused particles to link up in chains. Twisting intracellular magnetic particles with external fields showed that the macrophage cytosol is highly viscous. Magnetometric observation of intracellular particles provides a non-invasive quantitative experimental probe of organelle mobility and rheology in living cells.
Lifestyle Factors in Cancer Survivorship

Lifestyle factors have been linked to the risk of developing many common malignancies and, increasingly, to prognosis. Observational evidence has shown a relationship between so-called energy balance factors (ie, diet, physical activity, and body weight) and risk of cancer recurrence and mortality in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon and, perhaps, other cancers. Interventional work has shown that individuals who make favorable changes in these lifestyle factors after cancer diagnosis feel better, experience less fatigue, and may possibly even decrease risk of cancer recurrence. Other lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, have also been linked to the development of common cancers and may have important health consequences for cancer survivors. This article reviews the evidence that links lifestyle factors to cancer outcomes, provides clinical recommendations for cancer survivors, and describes future directions for lifestyle research in cancer survivors.
Emergency carotid endarterectomy.

✓ A retrospective review of carotid endarterectomies performed by the Neurosurgical Service at Massachusetts General Hospital from July, 1976, through December, 1985, disclosed 64 procedures that were performed on an emergency basis. The patients included 40 men and 24 women, with a mean age of 64 years (range 32 to 87 years). Correlation of angiographic findings with outcome revealed that of the 27 patients with severe stenosis, usually with delay in blood flow, 25 (93%) were the same or improved postoperatively; of the 11 patients with stenosis and an intraluminal filling defect (six of whom had an intraluminal clot), eight (73%) were the same or improved after surgery; of the 16 patients with complete occlusion, 14 (88%) were the same or improved (backflow was established in all cases); and of the 10 patients with moderate to severe stenosis and/or severe ulceration (including three with transient ischemic attacks who were receiving heparin), eight (80%) were the same or improved. Pre- and postoperativ...
An Essential Domain of the c-Myc Protein Interacts with a Nuclear Factor That Is Also Required for E1A-Mediated Transformation

Cell transformation by nuclear oncogenes such as c-myc presumably involves the transcriptional activation of a set of target genes that participate in the control of cell division. The function of a small evolutionarily conserved domain of the c-myc gene encompassing amino acids 129 to 145 was analyzed to explore the relationship between cell transformation and transcriptional activation. Deletion of this domain inactivated the c-myc oncogene for cell transformation while retaining the ability to activate transcription of either myc consensus binding sites or a GAL4-dependent promoter when the c-myc N-terminus was fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Point mutations that altered a conserved tryptophan (amino acid 136) within this domain had similar effects. Expression of the wt c-Myc N terminus (amino acids 1 to 262) as a GAL4 fusion was a dominant inhibitor of cell transformation by the c-myc oncogene, and this same domain also inhibited transformation by the adenovirus E1A gene. Surprisingly, deletion of amino acids 129 to 145 eliminated the dominant negative activity of GAL4-Myc on both c-myc and E1A transformation. Expression of the GAL4-Myc protein in Cos cells led to the formation of a specific complex between the Myc N terminus and a nuclear factor, and this complex was absent with the dl129-145 mutant. These results suggest that an essential domain of the c-Myc protein interacts with a specific nuclear factor that is also required for E1A transformation.
Regulation of decidual cell and chorion cell production of interleukin-10 by purified bacterial products.

PROBLEM: To determine whether cultured human decidual cells and chorion cells produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) after incubation with purified bacterial products. METHOD OF STUDY: Decidual cell cultures and chorion cell cultures were established by standard techniques. With confluence, monolayers of each culture were incubated with purified bacterial products, including various concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipid A, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) for 16 hr in quadruplicate. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for immunodetectable IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Both decidual cell cultures and chorion cell cultures produced significant quantities of IL-10 after stimulation with LPS, lipid A, and LTA. Cultures of decidual cells produced more IL-10 than did chorion cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that both maternal decidual cells and fetally derived chorion cells can produce IL-10 after incubation with bacterial virulence factors. This finding contrasts with our previous findings in which chorion cells did not produce IL-10 after stimulation with IL-1β, suggesting that chorion cell production after incubation with bacterial products is independent of IL-1β. We speculate that the contribution of anti-inflammatory IL-10 production by human gestational tissues to the inflammatory process in these tissues may be overcome or abrogated by the pro-inflammatory process.
Environmental and phenotypic factors affecting the reproductive cycle of Atlantic herring

A simple technique based on seasonal changes in gonad weights was used to describe key events in the spawning and maturation cycle of spring-spawning herring in the north-west Atlantic. Analysis showed that there were quite large inter-annual variations in the timing and duration of the maturation and spawning periods. The initial maturation process, which begins in the fall, is controlled mainly by phenotypic factors related to the size composition and condition of the adult population. The final maturation process, which begins in the spring and whose trajectory determines spawning times, is cued by January sea temperatures. The results contradict the general opinion that herring have a relatively fixed spawning season that is restricted to a brief 4‐6 week period. Rather, the plasticity in spawning and maturation cycles of spring-spawning herring suggests that herring recruitment may not be a passive aVair but an adaptive process in which Atlantic herring modify their reproductive activities to match expected environmental conditions during larval emergence. ? 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Agreeableness and the prolonged spatial processing of antisocial and prosocial information

Abstract Previous research has suggested that highly agreeable individuals value positive social relationships to a greater extent than do individual low in agreeableness. The present investigation sought to extend such individual differences to the cognitive level of analysis. It was hypothesized that individual differences in agreeableness would predict the extent to which either antisocial or prosocial words are selected for prolonged processing. Two studies, involving 90 undergraduates, asked participants to encode prosocial and antisocial stimuli, before measuring the speed with which they could spatially disengage attention from such stimuli. As predicted, individuals low in agreeableness exhibited difficulties disengaging from antisocial stimuli, whereas individuals high in agreeableness exhibited difficulties disengaging from prosocial stimuli. This novel finding isolates a particular set of attentional processes that likely contribute to agreeableness-related outcomes such as anger and aggression.
VIP-FS: a VIrtual, Parallel File System for high performance parallel and distributed computing

In the past couple of years, significant progress has been made in the development of message-passing libraries for parallel and distributed computing, and in the area of high-speed networking. These advances in computing technology have also led to a tremendous increase in the amount of data being manipulated and produced by scientific and commercial application programs. Despite their popularity, message-passing libraries only provide part of the support necessary for most high performance distributed computing applications-support for high speed parallel I/O is still lacking. In this paper, we provide an overview of the conceptual design of a parallel and distributed I/O file system, the Virtual Parallel File System (VIP-FS), and describe its implementation. VIP-FS makes use of message-passing libraries to provide a parallel and distributed file system which can execute over multiprocessor machines or heterogeneous network environments. >
Construction, categorization, and consensus: student generated computational artifacts as a context for disciplinary reflection

There are increasing calls to prepare K-12 students to use computational tools and principles when exploring scientific or mathematical phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how constructionist computer-supported collaborative environments can explicitly engage students in this practice. The Categorizer is a Javascript-based interactive gallery that allows members of a learning community to contribute computational artifacts they have constructed to a shared collection. Learners can then analyze the collection of artifacts, and sort them into user-defined categories. In a formative case study of the Categorizer for a fractal activity in three middle grade (ages 11–14) classrooms, there was evidence that participating students began to evaluate fractals based on structural and mathematical properties, and afterward could create algorithms that would generate fractals with particular area reduction rates. Further analysis revealed that students’ construction and categorization experiences could be better integrated by explicitly scaffolding discussion and negotiation of the categorization schemes they develop. This led to the development of a new module that enables teachers and students to explore points of agreement and disagreement across student categorization schemes. I conclude with a description of limitations of the study and environment, implications for the broader community, and future work.
Abnormal Cortical Thickness and Brain–Behavior Correlation Patterns in Individuals with Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) have shown regional patterns of dysmorphology, most prominent in parietal and posterior temporal cortices. Various methods of image analysis have been employed in these studies, but abnormalities in cortical thickness have not yet been mapped over the entire cortical surface in individuals with FASD. Further, relationships between cognitive dysfunction and cortical thickness measures have not yet been explored. We applied cortical pattern matching algorithms and techniques for measuring cortical thickness in millimeters to the structural brain MRI images of 21 subjects with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (8-22 years, mean age 12.6 years), and 21 normally developing control subjects (8-25 years, mean age 13.5 years). Dissociable cognitive measures, of verbal recall and visuospatial functioning, were correlated with cortical thickness, and group by test score interactions were evaluated for predicting cortical thickness. Significant cortical thickness excesses of up to 1.2 mm were observed in the FASD subjects in large areas of bilateral temporal, bilateral inferior parietal, and right frontal regions. Significant group by test score interactions were found in right dorsal frontal regions for the verbal recall measure and in left occipital regions for the visuospatial measure. These results are consistent with earlier analyses from our own and other research groups, but for the first time, we show that cortical thickness is also increased in right lateral frontal regions in children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Further, the significant interactions show for the first time that brain-behavior relationships are altered as a function of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.
Digital microfluidics using soft lithography.

Although microfluidic chips have demonstrated basic functionality for single applications, performing varied and complex experiments on a single device is still technically challenging. While many groups have implemented control software to drive the pumps, valves, and electrodes used to manipulate fluids in microfluidic devices, a new level of programmability is needed for end users to orchestrate their own unique experiments on a given device. This paper presents an approach for programmable and scalable control of discrete fluid samples in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic system using multiphase flows. An immiscible fluid phase is utilized to separate aqueous samples from one another, and a novel “microfluidic latch” is used to precisely align a sample after it has been transported a long distance through the flow channels. To demonstrate the scalability of the approach, this paper introduces a “general-purpose” microfluidic chip containing a rotary mixer and addressable storage cells. The system is general purpose in that all operations on the chip operate in terms of unit-sized aqueous samples; using the underlying mechanisms for sample transport and storage, additional sensors and actuators can be integrated in a scalable manner. A novel high-level software library allows users to specify experiments in terms of variables (i.e., fluids) and operations (i.e., mixes) without the need for detailed knowledge about the underlying device architecture. This research represents a first step to provide a programmable interface to the microfluidic realm, with the aim of enabling a new level of scalability and flexibility for lab-on-a-chip experiments.
The Privilege of the Writ: The Supreme Court and Post-9/11 Detainee Habeas Corpus Entitlement

Habeas corpus is the right to challenge one’s detention in a court of law. With deep roots in common law, it is promulgated in U.S. law by the Constitution’s single sentence known as the Suspension Clause. Prior to 9/11, habeas corpus jurisprudence erected a framework of entitlements that vary according to a person’s location, citizenship, and alleged crimes. Plotted on a timeline of American history, many of the landmark cases that progressively articulated this framework are clustered around wartime, and the entitlement conventions that obtained reflected the terminology of traditional warfare. After 9/11, as the nature of warfare and enemies evolved, and the Executive claimed unprecedented authority to detain enemy combatants, Guantanamo Bay became the extraterritorial detention facility of choice. Beginning in 2004, the Supreme Court responded with a series of cases that created a minimal but definite foundation of habeas corpus entitlement and due process for Guantanamo detainees. This article looks primarily at these post-9/11 cases, the traditional notions of habeas corpus upon which they are predicated, and the possible shortcomings they evidence relative to Guantanamo and to other extraterritorial detention facilities.
The antidepressive effects of exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Several meta-analyses examining the effects of exercise on depression have been criticized for including studies of poor methodological integrity. More recent meta-analyses addressed the most common criticism by including only randomized control trials; however, these analyses suffer from incomplete literature searches and lack of moderating variable analyses. Using a more extensive search procedure, the current meta-analysis examines the effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in 58 randomized trials (n = 2982). An overall effect size of −0.80 indicates participants in the exercise treatment had significantly lower depression scores than those receiving the control treatment. This 3/4 SD advantage represents level 1, Grade A evidence for the effects of exercise upon depression. Analysis of moderating variables examined the influence of population characteristics, exercise characteristics and methodological characteristics. Examination of clinical significance in 16 trials with clinically depressed patients found 9 of 16 exercise treatment groups were classified as ‘recovered’ at post-treatment, with another three groups classified as ‘improved’. Analysis showed dropout rates for the exercise treatment were similar to those found in psychotherapeutic and drug interventions.
Telehealth, Computer-, and Internet-Based Approaches to Treating Depression and Anxiety

There is a great need for evidence-based treatments for depression and anxiety that are cost-effective, efficiently delivered, and highly accessible. Telehealth, computer, and Internet interventions are efficacious and have the potential to broaden access to treatment for depression and anxiety. These interventions are cost-effective and increase treatment accessibility for individuals who would otherwise be unlikely to receive appropriate care, and their anonymity reduces the stigma of help seeking. This article discusses these treatment approaches, their efficacy, and their limitations.
LTE uplink performance with interference from in-band device-to-device (D2D) communications

Direct device-to-device (D2D) communications between mobile terminals in cellular networks allows operators to offload proximity traffic from the Radio Access Network (RAN) and permits out-of-coverage terminals to maintain peer-to-peer communications. In this study, we consider D2D communications in the context of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAN and, in particular, the scenario in which D2D communications share LTE uplink resources. Specifically, we evaluate the performance degradation of the cellular LTE uplink in the presence of interference from in-band (underlay) D2D communications. Through physical layer simulations, we quantify the increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed to maintain a certain data rate or coverage criterion as a function of the induced noise rise and under various multipath channel conditions. The results can be used to develop physical layer models for network-layer analyses of D2D and cellular network performance.
Cobalt-Catalyzed, Aminoquinoline-Directed Functionalization of Phosphinic Amide sp2 C–H Bonds

In this paper, we introduce arylphosphinic acid aminoquinoline amides as competent substrates for cobalt-catalyzed sp2 C–H bond functionalization. Specifically, the feasibility of their coupling with alkynes, alkenes, and allyl pivalate has been demonstrated. Reactions are catalyzed by simple Co(NO3)2 hydrate in ethanol or mixed dioxane/tBuOH solvent in the presence of Mn(OAc)3·2H2O additive, sodium pivalate, or acetate base and use oxygen from the air as an oxidant. Directing group removal affords ortho-functionalized P,P-diarylphosphinic acids.
Abstract 3255: Potential Synergy between Advanced Primary Stroke Centers and Level I or II Trauma Centers in United States

Objective: Emergency Medical Response, transport, and triage of stroke patients is very similar to more established trauma systems. Several institutions have used pre-existing trauma systems to dev...
Helping Disadvantaged and Spatially Talented Students Fulfill Their Potential Related and Neglected National Resources

For at least the last half-century, we have underserved advanced learners, losing countless minds and corresponding innovations. The scientific evidence is clear on educational interventions that are most effective and relatively easy to implement for this population. Despite this, such educational opportunities are not readily available to all students. Whereas financially advantaged students can access opportunities outside of school that develop their talents, financially disadvantaged students cannot, and their talents largely go underdeveloped. Another underserved population is spatially talented learners, who can reason by using well-structured visual images. They are often underidentified and neglected in standardized tests and school systems that emphasize verbal and mathematical skills. Although all advanced learners deserve to have their talents developed to the fullest, a policy focus on the financially disadvantaged and spatially talented would be an actionable and effective strategy to quickl...
Complete Wear-Through of a Polyethylene Liner and Metal-Backed Acetabular Cup Resulting in a Unique Form of Catastrophic Total Hip Arthroplasty Failure: A Case Report.

Case: We describe a case of total hip arthroplasty failure where a cobalt-chrome femoral head completely wore through the polyethylene liner and the titanium acetabular cup. The patient subsequently underwent revision total hip arthroplasty with acetabular revision and femoral head exchange. Conclusion: This case illustrates the natural history of catastrophic failure in a metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty design. If recognized earlier, this patient may have been a candidate for isolated liner and head exchange. Additionally, this case represents a unique complication in using mixed metals in total hip arthroplasty, where the harder cobalt-chrome femoral head wore completely through the much softer titanium component.
CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE OF FILARIASIS IN YANGSHAN COUNTY OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE

Objective To comprehend the prevalence situation of filariasis in Yangshan County, summarize the experience of control strategy and consolidate the efficacy of filariasis control. Methods The blood examination and microfilaremia cases treatment combined with mass administration with medicated salt with DEC were carried out for filariasis control. The surveillance was conducted after basic elimination of filariasis for elimination of remaining infectious source and interrupting filariasis transmission. Results In 1980, the filariasis have been basic eliminated in Yangshan County, the microfilaria rate have been come down to 0.12% from 4.35% before control. In 1996, the assessment for elimination of filariasis was carried out organized by Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Health. According to the results of longitudinal and cross-sectional surveillance, the assessment group considered that Yangshan County have reached the standard of filariasis elimination. Conclusion The strategies and technical measures of filariasis control were suitable, and the control effects were consolation in Yangshan County.
Present situation of serum type and drug resistance of Salmonella in farmer's market,Gaoming District

Objective To understand the present situation of serum type and drug resistance of Salmonella in farmer`s market,Gaoming District.Methods With 194 kinds of Salmonella diagnostic serum and the French Merieux fully automated bacterial identification(susceptibility) analysis system,53 strains of Salmonella were isolated from 603 samples in farmer`s market from September 2010 to August 2011.Serotype identification and analysis of drug resistance were performed.Results 18 types of Salmonella serotype were classified by 53 strains of Salmonella,the majority were seroytype Derbr and Agona.The resistance situation of Salmonella was very serious,the rate of resistance was up to 75.36%.The resistance strains were tolerant to the traditional antibiotics,such as Nitrofurantoin、Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol etc;18 types of Salmonella serotype were tolerant to the antibiotics differently except the serotype of Muenster of Salmonella,which was sensitive to 15 types of antibiotics;The resistance strains were mostly separated from fresh raw meat、aquatic product and vegetable.Conclusions The resistance situation of Salmonella was very serious.The long-term widely used antibiotics in farm product and stockbreeding played an important role.To keep down the resistance of Salmonella,firstly,the antibiotics application in agriculture and stockbreeding should be restricted;secondly,a sustained monitoring system for the resistance of Salmonella should be built up in a long term.
Nodal involvement as a prognostic indicator in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

AbstractBetween 1969 and 1976, 92 patients with proved prostatic carcinoma in stages T0 to T4 underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy. Median followup has been 43 months. All patients had normal serum acid phosphatase levels and no clinical evidence of metastases as determined by physical examination, bone scans and metastatic bone surveys. Pelvic lymph node metastases were noted in 32 cases. Radical prostatectomy was done in 34 cases and 45 patients received radiotherapy, 11 of whom had 125iodine seeds implanted. Progression of the neoplastic process, almost exclusively in the form of bony metastases, occurred in 18 of the 32 patients who had positive pelvic nodes and in 6 of the60 patients with negative nodes (p less than 0.001). Patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma were more likely to have progression of the disease than those with moderately differentiated carcinoma (p less than 0.01) and no patient with a well differentiated carcinoma had disease progression.
The Affordable Care Act's Effects On The Formation, Expansion, And Operation Of Physician-Owned Hospitals.

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) imposed new restrictions on the formation and expansion of physician-owned hospitals. These restrictions provided incentives for the hospitals and their owners to take preemptive actions before the effective dates of ACA provisions and modify their operations thereafter. We studied 106 physician-owned hospitals in Texas to determine how they responded to ACA restrictions. We found that there were significant pre-ACA increases in the formation, physician ownership, and physical capacity of physician-owned hospitals, which suggests that they reacted quickly to the policy changes. After the ACA’s provisions took effect, the hospitals improved the use of their assets to generate increased amounts of services, revenue, and profits. We found no evidence that existing physician-owned hospitals stopped accepting Medicare to avoid the ACA restrictions, although some investors adopted a seemingly unsuccessful strategy of not accepting Medicare at physician-owned hospitals formed after ...
Science and civilization in China

The problem of Chinese science Due to the publication of Joseph Needham's profound and monumental study, Science and Civilisation in China , the question of why modern science arose in the West but not in the East has focused on a comparison of Europe and China. The implicit suggestion has been that Chinese science came closest to paralleling Western scientific achievement, and therefore China probably came closer than any other civilization to giving birth to modern science. As we saw in Chapters 2 and 5, however, the path leading to the scientific revolution in Europe was paved most significantly by Arabic-Islamic scholars. Not only had the Arabs developed, discussed, and deployed several aspects of the experimental method, but they had also developed the mathematical tools necessary to reach the highest levels of mathematical astronomy. Furthermore, the work undertaken by those associated with the Marâgha observatory in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, culminating in the work of Ibn al-Shatir (d. 1375), resulted in the development of new planetary models of the universe. These have often been described as the first non-Ptolemaic models along the path to modern science. It was these planetary innovations that were to be adopted (or independently invented) by Copernicus. The missing ingredient was the heliocentric anchoring, not mathematical or other scientific devices. It was the failure to make this metaphysical leap from a geocentric to a heliocentric universe that prevented the Arabs from making the move “from the closed world to the infinite universe.” In the case of China, however, the disparity between the state of Chinese science and that of the West – but also the disparity with Arabic science – was far greater in regard to the theoretical foundations upon which the scientific revolution was ultimately launched in Europe. The superiority of China to the West, to which Needham refers, was primarily a technological advantage, conveyed in Needham's claim that from the first century B.C. until the fifteenth century, “Chinese civilization was much more efficient than occidental [civilization] in applying human natural knowledge to practical human needs.”
A qualitative assessment of safe work practices in logging in the southern United States

BACKGROUND: The logging industry is recognized as one of the most dangerous professions in the U.S., but little is known about safety management practices on remote logging sites. METHODS: A total of six focus group sessions were held among logging supervisors and front line crew members in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas (N = 27 participants). RESULTS: Participants perceived that logging was a dangerous profession, but its risks had been mitigated in several ways, most notably through mechanization of timber harvesting. Log trucking-related incidents were widely identified as the primary source of risk for injury and death on logging work sites. Human error, in general, and being out of the machinery on the work site were highlighted as additional sources of risk. CONCLUSIONS: Participants indicated high levels of personal motivation to work in a safe manner but tended to underestimate workplace hazards and expressed widely varying levels of co-worker trust. Am. J. Ind. Med. 9999:1-11, © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Brothers in arms: emerging roles of RNA epigenetics in DNA damage repair

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widespread posttranscriptional RNA modification that occurs in tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, viral RNAs, and more recently is shown to occur in mRNA in a dynamic, reversible manner. At the epicenter of RNA epigenetics, m6A influences essentially all stages of RNA metabolism. As a result, m6A modulates cell differentiation and pluripotency, cell cycle and tumorigenesis, and several types of stress responses, etc. A recent report by Shi and colleagues uncovers a novel pathway in which m6A RNA, its associated enzymes, and DNA polymerase κ constitute an early-response system that confers cellular resistance to ultraviolet irradiation, separate from the canonical nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway that normally repairs UV-induced DNA damage.
Synthesis of Transfer Function Matrices in Control

Abstract A procedure is presented for the synthesis of some transfer function matrices that arise in control. This procedure is algebraic, and realization is accomplished with feedback control. A number of compatibility conditions on design specifications can be checked by elementary calculations, and specifications on required compensation filters are determined from these compatibility conditions. A design problem is included for illustrative purposes.
Neglected Tropical Diseases: Epidemiology and Global Burden

More than a billion people—one-sixth of the world’s population, mostly in developing countries—are infected with one or more of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Several national and international programs (e.g., the World Health Organization’s Global NTD Programs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Global NTD Program, the United States Global Health Initiative, the United States Agency for International Development’s NTD Program, and others) are focusing on NTDs, and fighting to control or eliminate them. This review identifies the risk factors of major NTDs, and describes the global burden of the diseases in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
The company objects keep: Linking referents together during cross-situational word learning.

Abstract Learning the meanings of words involves not only linking individual words to referents but also building a network of connections among entities in the world, concepts, and words. Previous studies reveal that infants and adults track the statistical co-occurrence of labels and objects across multiple ambiguous training instances to learn words. However, it is less clear whether, given distributional or attentional cues, learners also encode associations among the novel objects. We investigated the consequences of two types of cues that highlighted object-object links in a cross-situational word learning task: distributional structure – how frequently the referents of novel words occurred together – and visual context – whether the referents were seen on matching backgrounds. Across three experiments, we found that in addition to learning novel words, adults formed connections between frequently co-occurring objects. These findings indicate that learners exploit statistical regularities to form multiple types of associations during word learning.
TO DRAIN OR NOT TO DRAIN: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC DILEMMAS ASSOCIATED WITH PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN PRESENCE OF PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Pericardial effusion in setting of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) can present as a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. 36-year old Hispanic woman presented with subacute dyspnea. Heart rate was 102/min and blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg. A transthoracic echocardiogram (echo) revealed dilated right
Spray particle drift mitigation using field corn (Zea mays L.) as a drift barrier.

Background Herbicide particle drift reduces application efficacy and can cause severe impacts on nearby vegetation depending on the herbicide mode of action, exposure level, and tolerance to the herbicide. A particle drift mitigation effort placing windbreaks or barriers on the field boundaries to reduce off-target movement of spray particles has been utilized in the past. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of field corn (Zea mays L.) at different heights as a particle drift barrier. Results Applications with a non-air inclusion flat fan nozzle (ER11004) resulted in greater particle drift when compared with an air inclusion nozzle (TTI11004). Eight rows of corn were used as barriers (0.91, 1.22, and 1.98 m height) which reduced the particle drift for both nozzles, especially at shorter downwind distances. Applications with the ER11004 nozzle without corn barriers had 1% of the applied rate (D99 ) predicted to deposit at 14.8 m downwind, whereas this distance was reduced (up to 7-fold) when applications were performed with corn barriers. The combination of corn drift barriers and nozzle selection (TTI11004) provided satisfactory particle drift reduction when the D99 estimates were compared with those for applications with the ER11004 nozzle without corn barriers (up to 10-fold difference). Conclusion The corn drift barriers were effective in reducing particle drift from applications with the ER11004 and the TTI11004 nozzles (Fine and Ultra Coarse spray classifications, respectively). The corn drift barrier had appropriate porosity and width as the airborne spray was captured within its canopy instead of deflecting up and over it. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.