cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the spider ants, genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Abstract This study provides the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr, a prominent endemic component of rain forest and wet sclerophyll forest in Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Five genes are used to reconstruct phylogeny and estimate of ages of diversification in order to test congruence of the history of nuclear and mitochondrial genes: three protein-coding nuclear genes: arginine kinase (argK, 897 bp), long wavelength rhodopsin (LW Rh, 546 bp) and wingless (Wg, 409 bp), as well as the large subunit ribosomal gene 28S (482 bp) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI, 658 bp). Four different partitioning schemes were tested for optimal resolving power; results show that partitioning by gene, translational pattern and codon position were uniformly favoured over less complex partitions. Nuclear markers showed relatively minor sequence divergence and provided strongly supported topology; phylogeny based solely on mtDNA produced somewhat conflicting topology but offered little power to resolve species complexes. Monophyly of the genus Leptomyrmex was recovered, as was the sister-group relationship of ‘micro-’ and ‘macro-’ Leptomyrmex species. Divergence dating analyses estimate that Leptomyrmex arose in the Eocene (stem age ∼44 million years ago (ma)), and that the ‘macro-’ species diverged from the ‘micro-’ species in the early Oligocene (∼31 ma). Diversification of the crown group ‘macro-’ and ‘micro-’ Leptomyrmex occurred in the Miocene (∼15 ma and 7.9 ma, respectively). New Guinean and New Caledonian lineages appear to have diverged from Australian lineages only recently (∼4.7 ma and 10.3 ma, respectively), and the latter clade is inferred to have reached New Caledonia from Australia via long distance dispersal. These results challenge previous hypotheses of Leptomyrmex classification and assumptions about their historical dispersal, but are in agreement with the current knowledge of the geological history of Melanesia.
Military Higher Education In Hungary

Hungarian military education has undergone significant evolution since 1945. In spite of the recent changes implemented in officer training, it is unlikely that the manpower problems facing the Hungarian armed forces will be alleviated. It seems that as long as the Hungarian public continues to view the army negatively-as an economic burden and the ultimate guarantor of the survival of the regime-the best of Hungary's youth will ignore the military as a career choice.
Stratification dynamics in wastewater stabilization ponds

Abstract Measurements show that wastewater stabilization ponds although often only 1–2 m deep stratify and destratify intermittently depending primarily on weather. Stratification can be observed in vertical profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and other water quality parameters. In three stabilization ponds of a small Minnesota town, stratification develops primarily by differential heating of the pondwater through its surface and, in the absence of artificial aeration or mixing devices, by insufficient wind mixing. The resulting water temperature stratification affects other parameters in a variety of ways through chemical, microbial and planktonic kinetics and reduced vertical mixing. To gain a better understanding of stabilization pond water quality dynamics, temperature profiles were monitored at 20-min intervals, and a dynamic lake water quality model was modified and applied to simulate the temperature stratification. A 12-h timestep option was incorporated into the program in order to capture the diurnal variation in stratification. Measurements and simulations were made for three wastewater stabilization ponds at Harris, Minnesota. The level of agreement between field measurements and numerical simulations demonstrated that water temperatures and stratification dynamics in a shallow and small pond can be simulated on a diurnal timescale with a standard error from 1.0 to 1.5°C between simulation and measurements. The model includes wastewater inflow in the form of a vertical jet and water transfer between ponds in the form of non-surface inflow and outflow. Three types of stratification were identified and their respective durations were determined. Stratification occurred on about 55% of all days from 1 April to 30 November. Information on pond stratification presented can be used to guide field studies and reactor modeling of ponds which can lead to further improvements in design and operation.
Beam-continuum model for hypersonic flow over a flat plate.

A beam-continuum model is used to calculate the hypersonic flow past a flat plate at zero angle of incidence. The hypersonic freestream is modeled by a zero temperature molecular beam. The beam molecules are converted into continuum molecules after experiencing collisions with other continuum or with reflected molecules. Navier-Stokes terms are used to describe the behavior of the continuum molecules with extra terms to account for the addition of mass, momentum, and energy through collisions with beam molecules. Thin layer approximations are made. The resulting initial value problem is solved numerically by the Dufort-Frankel centered difference method. Comparison with experimental density profile measurements and purely continuum theoretical calculations shows much improvement over continuum models in the maximum density ratio and the thickness of the shock structure in the merged layer region. The skin friction, heat transfer coefficients, and surface pressure at the plate surface are compared with results from continuum models and experiments.
New Satellite Drag M odeling Capabilities

This paper reviews the operational impacts of satellite drag, the historical and current capabilities, and requirements to deal with evo lving higher accuracy requirements. Modeling of satellite drag variations showed little improvement from the 1960’s to the late 1990’s. After three decades of essentially no quantitative progress, the problem is being vigorously and fruitfully attacked on several fronts. This century has already shown significant advances in measurements, models, solar and geomagnetic proxies and the application of data assimilation techniques to operational applications. While thermospheric measurements have been historica lly extremely sparse, new data sets are now available from intense ground -based radar tracking of satellite orbital decay and from satellite -borne accelerometers and remote sensors. These data provide global coverage over a wide range of thermospheric alti tudes. Operational assimilative empirical models, utilizing the orbital drag data, have reduced model errors by almost a factor of two. Together with evolving new solar and geomagnetic inputs, the satellite -borne sensors support development of advanced ope rational assimilative first principles forecast models. We look forward to the time when satellite drag is no longer the largest error source in determining or bits of low altitude satellites.
Acculturation and Mental Health of Greek Immigrants in U.S.A.

A number of socio-psychiatric studies on sociocultural change have been carried out during the last twenty years in immigrant populations, using acculturation as a stress-inducer variable, (Ruesch et al.1, Fried2, Koranyi et al.3, Spiegel4, Spiegel et al.5, Nachshon et al.6).
Evolvability Is Inevitable: Increasing Evolvability without the Pressure to Adapt

Why evolvability appears to have increased over evolutionary time is an important unresolved biological question. Unlike most candidate explanations, this paper proposes that increasing evolvability can result without any pressure to adapt. The insight is that if evolvability is heritable, then an unbiased drifting process across genotypes can still create a distribution of phenotypes biased towards evolvability, because evolvable organisms diffuse more quickly through the space of possible phenotypes. Furthermore, because phenotypic divergence often correlates with founding niches, niche founders may on average be more evolvable, which through population growth provides a genotypic bias towards evolvability. Interestingly, the combination of these two mechanisms can lead to increasing evolvability without any pressure to out-compete other organisms, as demonstrated through experiments with a series of simulated models. Thus rather than from pressure to adapt, evolvability may inevitably result from any drift through genotypic space combined with evolution's passive tendency to accumulate niches.
Ground-motion modeling of Hayward fault scenario earthquakes, part I: Construction of the suite of scenarios

Abstract We construct kinematic earthquake rupture models for a suite of 39 M w 6.6–7.2 scenario earthquakes involving the Hayward, Calaveras, and Rodgers Creek faults. We use these rupture models in 3D ground-motion simulations as discussed in Part II (Aagaard et al. , 2010) to provide detailed estimates of the shaking for each scenario. We employ both geophysical constraints and empirical relations to provide realistic variation in the rupture dimensions, slip heterogeneity, hypocenters, rupture speeds, and rise times. The five rupture lengths include portions of the Hayward fault as well as combined rupture of the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults and the Hayward and Calaveras faults. We vary rupture directivity using multiple hypocenters, typically three per rupture length, yielding north-to-south rupture, bilateral rupture, and south-to-north rupture. For each rupture length and hypocenter, we consider multiple random distributions of slip. We use two approaches to account for how aseismic creep might reduce coseismic slip. For one subset of scenarios, we follow the slip-predictable approach and reduce the nominal slip in creeping regions according to the creep rate and time since the most recent earthquake, whereas for another subset of scenarios we apply a vertical gradient to the nominal slip in creeping regions. The rupture models include local variations in rupture speed and use a ray-tracing algorithm to propagate the rupture front. Although we are not attempting to simulate the 1868 Hayward fault earthquake in detail, a few of the scenarios are designed to have source parameters that might be similar to this historical event.
Studies of Hemodynamic Changes in Humans Following Induction of Low and High Spinal Anesthesia. I. General Considerations of the Problem. The Changes in Cardiac Output, Brachial Arterial Pressure, Peripheral and Pulmonary Oxygen Contents and Peripheral Blood Flows Induced by Spinal Anesthesia in Humans Not Undergoing Surgery.

After a lapse of some years, surgeons and anesthesiologists alike are re-exploring the use of high spinal anesthesia, which is designed to produce a "useful" hypotension coupled with maximal relaxation. In the present study the hemodynamic changes induced by low and high spinal anesthesia, the latter arbitrarily defined as ablation of sympathetic, sensory and somatic nerves fibers above the fourth dermatomic segment, have been investigated in a series of waking patients not undergoing surgery.
The core-assisted mesh protocol

The core-assisted mesh protocol (CAMP) is introduced for multicast routing in ad hoc networks. CAMP generalizes the notion of core-based trees introduced for internet multicasting into multicast meshes that have much richer connectivity than trees. A shared multicast mesh is defined for each multicast group; the main goal of using such meshes is to maintain the connectivity of multicast groups even while network routers move frequently, CAMP consists of the maintenance of multicast meshes and loop-free packet forwarding over such meshes. Within the multicast mesh of a group, packets from any source in the group are forwarded along the reverse shortest path to the source, just as in traditional multicast protocols based on source-based trees. CAMP guarantees that within a finite time, every receiver of a multicast group has a reverse shortest path to each source of the multicast group. Multicast packets for a group are forwarded along the shortest paths front sources to receivers defined within the group's mesh. CAMP uses cores only to limit the traffic needed for a router to join a multicast group; the failure of cores does not stop packet forwarding or the process of maintaining the multicast meshes.
The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems

Sherman, K., O'Reilly, J., Belkin, I. M., Melrose, C., and Friedland, K. D. 2011. The application of satellite remote sensing for assessing productivity in relation to fisheries yields of the world's large marine ecosystems. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 667–676.In 1992, world leaders at the historical UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) recognized that the exploitation of resources in coastal oceans was becoming increasingly unsustainable, resulting in an international effort to assess, recover, and manage goods and services of large marine ecosystems (LMEs). More than $3 billion in support to 110 economically developing nations have been dedicated to operationalizing a five-module approach supporting LME assessment and management practices. An important component of this effort focuses on the effects of climate change on fisheries biomass yields of LMEs, using satellite remote sensing and in situ sampling of key indicators of changing ecological conditions. Warming appears to be reducing primary productivity in the lower latitudes, where stratification of the water column has intensified. Fishery biomass yields in the Subpolar LMEs of the Northeast Atlantic are also increasing as zooplankton levels increase with warming. During the current period of climate warming, it is especially important for space agency programmes in Asia, Europe, and the United States to continue to provide satellite-borne radiometry data to the global networks of LME assessment scientists.
In-hand manipulation in young children: translation movements

Objective The purpose of this study was to look at the development of in-hand translation skills in young children; that is, the child's ability to move a small object from the fingers into the palm and from the palm to the fingers. Three questions were asked: (a) Do boys' and girls' performance differ significantly? (b) Does the performance of the children improve with age? and (c) Can periods of rapid improvement with age be seen on the tasks presented? Method In-hand manipulation translation was measured with a pegboard task for 154 right-handed children between 3-0 years and 6-11 years of age and 13 adults. Participants were videotaped as they picked up two to five pegs, one at a time; stored them in the hand; and moved the pegs out of storage to place them in the pegboard. The number of pegs handled in each trial as well as the methods used to move the peg to and from the palm were recorded. Results Boys and girls did not show significant differences in their performance, but when slight differences did occur, they favored the girls. Age was found to be a significant factor in both the number of pegs handled and the method used in handling them. The older children tended to place more pegs successfully and were more likely to use the methods most commonly used by the adults. A major finding was the marked difference in how the children solved the problem of moving the peg in and out of the palm compared with the adults. The adults used gravity to assist the movement of the peg; the children tended to use methods that allowed them to maintain contact with the peg throughout the movement. Conclusion In-hand manipulation translation skills appear to have a long developmental course. Children are closer to adults in their ability to perform the task than in the methods that they use. This study shows the importance of observing how children perform tasks, not just whether they complete the tasks. Differences in the methods used help to determine efficiency. Observation of these skills in children may expand a therapist's understanding of children's fine motor abilities.
Comparison of a Contact Mechanics Model With Experimental Results to Optimize the Prediction of Transverse Load Effects of Large Superconducting Cable-In-Conduit-Conductor

A model based on contact mechanics concepts has been developed to analyze and quantitatively evaluate mechanical transverse load effects on superconducting strands in a cable-in-conduit-conductor (CICC). The model estimates the number of contact points and the effective contact pressures between the strands in a cable. Experimental measurements confirmed the model, which was then used to evaluate mechanical transverse load effects on the critical current degradation of sub-sized cable samples of Nb3Sn wires. It is proposed to use a set of experimental transverse load test data of the smallest stage cable (triplet) in order to predict transverse load degradations of the critical current of a large full size CICC cable. This paper will review the model to estimate the degradation caused by the transverse load effect and discuss the results of several cable configurations. The analysis provides suggestions for future design evaluation of mechanical behaviors of large Nb3Sn CICC magnets during operations.
Acetylation of cotton treated with sodium hydroxide

The reactivity of mercerized, ethanol-washed, never-dried cotton, as indicated by acetylation, is higher than that of mercerized, water-washed, never-dried cotton. Hygroscopicity measurements indicate that the ethanol-washed cotton is not fully amorphous. They also reveal that the accessibility of cotton treated with caustic soda solution of mercerizing strength will be higher than that of cotton treated with ethylamine regardless of whether water or a solvent of lower hydrogen-bonding capacity is used to extract the swelling agent. Based on microscopic examination, acetylation of mercerized, ethanol-washed fibers apparently takes place relatively uniformly. The breaking load of cotton fibers is similar to that of mercerized, ethanol-washed cotton fibers of about 8% acetyl content. However, the crystallinity of these materials, as shown by hygroscopicity studies, is markedly different. This indicates that the fine structure of the cotton fiber can be modified considerably without causing a loss in strength. Yarn tensile tests indicate that mercerized, ethanol-washed cotton yarn with acetyl content between 10% and 30% has a breaking load which is about 12% lower than that of cotton.
An agent based architecture for supporting application level security

The heterogeneous nature of distributed systems raises many security issues and concerns. Traditional systems cannot provide customized security policies and mechanisms for heterogeneous applications. Historically, applications have relied on a static security architecture to provide ad-hoc-security guarantees. In this paper we propose a new security architecture based on mobile agents for applications in distributed environments. Our approach allows applications to create and enforce customized policies at run time. These policies and access control requirements can be specified using programs. In addition our framework can handle dynamic requests to change or update these policies and adapt to situational requirements.
Links between childbearing age and observed maternal behaviors with 14-month-olds in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project

Teenage parents are commonly characterized as poor, minority, single mothers with low levels of education and problematic parenting behaviors. The role of teenage childbearing per se in mothers' parenting behaviors, however, is not well understood. This study addressed links between maternal childbearing age and parenting behaviors among 1,702 low-income mothers participating in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project. The sample includes White (n = 704), Black (n = 595), and Latina (n = 403) mothers. One third of the sample were teenage childbearers (younger than 19 years at the birth of the target child). When the children were 14 months old, mothers and children were videotaped in their home during a 10-min free play assessment. This study examined four key parenting behaviors coded from this assessment: supportiveness, detachment, intrusiveness, and negative regard/hostility. Findings indicate that teenage childbearers were significantly less supportive, more detached, more intrusive, and more negative/hostile with their infants than older childbearers. Associations held above and beyond the effects of race/ethnicity, education, family type, family income, and child sex and age for supportiveness, detachment, and intrusiveness (but not negative regard/hostility). These findings provide the most definitive evidence to date of differences between teenage and older mothers' parenting behaviors, above and beyond demographic co-factors. Within-group analyses revealed different patterns of association in the three racial/ethnic groups. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Exploring accessibility as a potential area of research for technical communication: a modest proposal

This position paper proposes the undertaking of a systematic research agenda on the tangled questions of accessibility, technology, and disability from the perspective of Technical Communication field. O'Hara (2004), Oswal and Hewett (2013), Palmeri (2006), Porter (1997), Ray and Ray (1999), Salvo (2005), Slatin and Rush (2003), Theofanos and Redish (2003 and 2005), and Walters (2010), have approached accessibility issues in various Technical Communication contexts and have emphasized the need for more attention to accessibility in our research, teaching, and practice. Likewise, the major journals in our field--Technical Communication, Technical Communication Quarterly and the IEEE Transactions in Professional Communication---have also published at least one special issue EACH on the topic of accessibility. While all this sporadic research has appeared on accessibility-related topics in different venues, this research has not yet gained the type of traction one would generally expect from an area with such a growth potential. As a user-centered discipline, we also ought to remember that presently 57.8 million Americans have one or more disabilities. Among the U.S. veteran population alone, 5.5 million are disabled. And, if we consider the reach of our Technical Communication work via the World Wide Web, this planet has 1 billion people with disabilities who can be affected by our accessibility research (National Center for Disability, 2013).
A study on recognizing distorted speech over local distributed transducer networks

In a collaborative scenario, a multiplicity of portable devices may constitute a network of distributed microphones, without a clearly defined geometric configuration or synchronization that can be taken advantage of for traditional microphone array processing to enhance the acquired signal. This application scenario represents a severe, but interesting challenge for automatic speech recognition systems. In this paper, we investigate a variety of robust speech recognition techniques with a focus on the distributed transducer scenario. We also report some important study results that lead to new thinking in the design of robust speech recognition for broadened applications. Two issues that are inherent to distributed transducer networks are specially investigated. First, we study the effect of the sampling rate skew of microphones to the system performance; second, we explore the possibility of combining recognition hypotheses from multiple transducer channels for improved recognition accuracy.
Drug effects analysis on cells using a high throughput microfluidic chip

Usually cell-based assay is performed using titer plates. Because of the large library of chemical compounds, robust and rapid methods are required to find, refine and test a potential drug candidate in an efficient manner. In this article, the drug effects analysis on human breast cancer cells with a droplet microfluidic chip is reported. Each droplet serves as a nanoliter-volume titer plate and contains a human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231, Cytochalasin D drug solution and cell viability indicator such as Calcein AM, which emits cytoplasmic green fluorescence. The drug effects on each cell are monitored in real time using a fluorescence microscope and by analyzing the fluorescence image of each cell. Clear change of the cell shape and size has been observed after the drug treatment, which is similar to that of conventional petri dish technique, suggesting this approach is a potential viable technical platform for drug effect analysis and for high throughput drug screen and discovery.
Coherence Resonance: A Mechanism for Noise Induced Stable Oscillations in Gene Regulatory Networks

Gene regulatory networks are permanently affected by various sources of noise. This noise can have detrimental effects as it interferes with robust operation. However, noise can also produce useful effects. These effects have been recently unravelled in a variety of settings in physics and neurobiology. In this work, we report on one such effect occurring in a model of a gene regulatory network. Specifically, we show that noise is responsible for the appearance of coherence resonance in this system and comment on its implications for our understanding of noise in cellular regulation.
Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale-10.

0.01 (˛0.03, 0.04) 2.4/2.5 ˛0.03 (˛0.07, 0.01) 2.4/2.5 0.02 (˛0.02, 0.05) 2.5/2.4 2 . . .unable to control the important things . . . 0.01 (˛0.02, 0.05) 2.3/2.3 ˛0.03 (˛0.07, 0.01) 2.3/2.3 0.01 (˛0.03, 0.04) 2.3/2.3 3 . . .felt nervous and “stressed” 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) 2.8/2.7 0.09 (0.05, 0.13) 2.8/2.5 0.09 (0.05, 0.12) 2.9/2.7 4 . . .dealt successfully with irritating life hassles 0.02 (˛0.02, 0.06) 1.8/1.8 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) 1.9/1.7 ˛0.04 (˛0.07, 0.00) 1.7/1.8 5 ...ineVectively coping with important changes . . . ˛0.03 (˛0.06, 0.01) 2.2/2.3 0.03 (˛0.01, 0.07) 2.2/2.2 ˛0.02 (˛0.05, 0.02) 2.2/2.3 6 . . .felt confident about your ability to handle personal problems 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) 2.3/2.3 ˛0.03 (˛0.07, 0.01) 2.3/2.3 ˛0.02 (˛0.06, 0.01) 2.3/2.3
4D/RCS: a reference model architecture for intelligent unmanned ground vehicles

4D/RCS consists of a multi-layered multi-resolutional hierarchy of computational nodes each containing elements of sensory processing (SP), world modeling (WM), value judgment (VJ), and behavior generation (BG). At the lower levels, these elements generate goal-seeking reactive behavior. At higher levels, they enable goal-defining deliberative behavior. At low levels, range in space and time is short and resolution is high. At high levels, distance and time are long and resolution is low. This enables high-precision fast-action response over short intervals of time and space at low levels, while long-range plans and abstract concepts are being formulated over broad regions of time and space at high levels. 4D/RCS closes feedback loops at every level. SP processes focus attention (i.e., window regions of space or time), group (i.e., segment regions into entities), compute entity attributes, estimate entity state, and assign entities to classes at every level. WM processes maintain a rich and dynamic database of knowledge about the world in the form of images, maps, entities, events, and relationships at every level. Other WM processes use that knowledge to generate estimates and predictions that support perception, reasoning, and planning at every level. 4D/RCS was developed for the Army Research Laboratory Demo III program. To date, only the lower levels of the 4D/RCS architecture have been fully implemented, but the results have been extremely positive. It seems clear that the theoretical basis of 4D/RCS is sound and the architecture is capable of being extended to support much higher levels of performance.
Benign emptying of the postpneumonectomy space

Background A fall in the postpneumonectomy fluid level is considered a sign of bronchopleural fistula (BPF) requiring surgical intervention. We have discovered however that in rare asymptomatic patients, this event may not require aggressive surgical treatment. Methods After seeing a case of benign emptying of the postpneumonectomy space (BEPS), we surveyed 28 surgeons to determine its incidence and characteristics. Results Forty-four cases of BEPS were reported by 23 survey respondents. Among 7 fully documented cases from 4 institutions, we defined the following criteria: the patient must be asymptomatic (no fever, white cell count elevation, or fluid expectoration), negative culture results if fluid sampled (patient not receiving antibiotics), no BPF at bronchoscopy or ventilation scintigraphy scan (or both), and recovery without drainage, or retrospective assessment that the intervention was unnecessary. BEPS occurred between 5 days and 152 days after pneumonectomy (6 cases right pneumonectomy and 1 case left pneumonectomy). Four patients underwent no treatment, 1 patient underwent thoracoscopic exploration (sterile) and closure after antibiotic irrigation, 1 patient underwent thoracoscopic exploration alone, and 1 patient underwent open window thoracostomy (sterile) with eventual closure. In all 7 patients (except the patient who underwent the open window procedure) the space refilled within 8 weeks; no patient experienced a subsequent empyema/BPF. Four patients who met the initial criteria for BEPS went on to experience empyema. The incidence of BEPS appears related to pneumonectomy volume, particularly extrapleural pneumonectomy. Using surgeon volume assumptions, the incidence of BEPS is 0.65%. Conclusions To our knowledge, BEPS is a previously unreported occurrence. We hypothesize that it results from postoperative intrapleural pressure shifts, with or without a microscopic BPF, that drive fluid out of the pleural space while failing to cause contamination. Awareness of BEPS' existence may allow surgeons to safely avoid open drainage procedures occasionally in patients who experience an asymptomatic fall in fluid level.
Risk Assessment of Panelized Wall Systems in Residential Construction Using Critical Incident Technique

Panelized wall systems are now extensively utilized in residential construction, which is recognized as a high-risk industry. A considerable number of construction injuries are reported every year. According to Occupational Safety & Health Administration (2005), 38,000 construction injuries occur each year. Safety on construction sites may not have the highest priority, as emphases of the construction industry are more on speed, efficiency, and economy. Furthermore, panelized wall systems have not been investigated in terms of hazard analysis. The primary purpose of the study was to identify the hazards related to panelized wall systems and to provide recommendations to improve the construction work environment. A critical incident technique was used to identify hazards through video-based observation, and the identified hazards were classified into five categories with twelve subcategories. Recommendations were provided for the hazards in each category. Based on the outcomes of the critical incident tech...
Late Quaternary lacustrine paleoenvironments in the Cuenca de México

Abstract A late Quaternary paleolimnological history from the Mexican highlands has been obtained by diatom analysis of short cores and stratigraphic sections of lake and marsh sediments from the Cuenca de Mexico, the large, endorheic, graben basin that holds Mexico City. The records, dated by radiocarbon and tephrochronologic methods, extend back to about 30 ka BP and document the presence of extensive, saline lakes in the basin until 25 ka BP. Thereafter, lake levels fell and marginal sites became shallow and fresh under the influence of surficial drainage and (especially) spring discharge. A shallow, saline lake existed 18 ka BP in Texcoco, the central and lowest basin in the system, reflecting moderately increased effective moisture at that time. By 16 ka BP, Lake Texcoco had become so shallow that diatoms were no longer preserved. However, marginal sites nourished by spring flow recorded changes in the local hydrologic balance resulting from increased infiltration at higher elevations. These changes appear to coincide with glacial advances between about 14 and 10 ka BP on the volcanic mountains surrounding the basin. Dry climates with reduced infiltration characterized the early Holocene, but by 5 ka BP a modest increase in precipitation established the modern climatic regime. These lacustrine records offer important insights for evaluating the paleoenvironmental history of the Cuenca de Mexico based on other evidence. They confirm glaciological, stratigraphic and palynologic data that suggest dry climates and the absence of large pluvial lakes in the Cuenca de Mexico during and after the full glacial, but document climates of significantly increased precipitation at least 10 ka prior to 18 ka BP.
Regulation of Transcription of Compatible Solute Transporters by the General Stress Sigma Factor, σB, in Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is well known for its durable physiological characteristics, which allow the organism to grow at low temperature and pH and high osmolarity. Growth under high osmolarity depends on the accumulation of compatible solutes, among which glycine betaine and carnitine are the preferred solutes for this organism. Three different transport systems, Gbu, BetL, and OpuC, have been identified in L. monocytogenes which serve to scavenge the preferred compatible solutes. The general stress response regulator sigma(B) has been shown to play an important role in osmotic adaptation in L. monocytogenes, presumably by directing transcription from one or more of the solute transport genes. In the studies presented here, we have used primer extension analyses to identify the promoter elements responsible for transcription of the opuC, gbuA, and betL genes. All three genes are osmotically inducible to some degree. betL is transcribed from a sigma(B)-independent promoter, while gbuA is transcribed from dual promoters, one of which is sigma(B) dependent. opuC is transcribed exclusively from a sigma(B)-dependent promoter. The betL promoter is similar in sequence to the sigma(B)-independent gbuAP1 promoter. Kinetic analysis of transcript accumulation after osmotic upshift demonstrated that sigma(B)-dependent transcripts from gbuAP2 and sigB accumulate for an extended period after upshift, suggesting that sigma(B) activity may provide a mechanism for sustained high-level expression during osmotic challenge. In contrast to osmotic upshift, expression from the sigma(B)-dependent opuC and gbuAP2 promoters after temperature upshift and ethanol stress was minimal, suggesting that additional mechanisms may also participate in regulating transcription from these sigma(B)-dependent promoters.
Evaluating education policies when the rate of return varies across individuals

In this paper I summarize some recent developments in the literature on the econometrics of program evaluation. In particular, I consider the estimation of mean and distributional treatment effects when the impact of the program varies across individuals. I focus the exposition on the study of the returns to education (therefore, education is the program being considered). I provide examples of two sets of papers that illustrate the theoretical and practical importance of accounting for heterogeneity in program evaluation. The research summarized in this paper has general applicability. It is not limited to the study of education. Instead of education (as the “program’’ being considered) we could use the framework to analyze job training, unionism, migration, medical care, and other types of programs.
What happens to the old headache medicines

Old headache medicines never die; they either fade away or come back in disguise. The disguise is often a new route of administration, which may work better, faster, more completely, with fewer adverse events, and/or have certain other advantages. The clinical aspects of 3 of the oldest headache medicines (ergotamine tartrate, dihydroergotamine, and methysergide) will be discussed here. Sumatriptan will then be discussed as the prototype of the newest category of acute care therapy (triptans) for migraine. It will be compared with the older medications, and the new forms being developed will be briefly discussed. Diclofenac potassium for oral solution will be mentioned as the newest drug approved for migraine by the Food and Drug Administration, and a possible alternative to triptans in patients with frequent headaches or those with contraindications to vasoconstrictors.
Urine-powered microbial fuel cell using a hyperpiliated pilT mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This report documents the first observation of a urine-powered microbial fuel cell operating with a genetically engineered bacterial strain. Under identical conditions, a pilT mutant of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a 2.7-fold increase in peak power density compared to the wild-type strain, PAO1. The reduced twitching motility and hyperpiliation of the pilT mutant enhances the formation of electrogenic biofilms. For both strains, the observed high internal resistance near open-circuit voltage is attributed to sluggish redox reactions on the anode surface and not to slow bacterial metabolism. This work lays the groundwork for optimization of multiple bacterial traits leading to increased electroactive properties and opens new opportunities for urine-based mini-devices.
Understanding the Effect of Ancillary Ligands on Concerted Metalation–Deprotonation by (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)2(H2O) Complexes: A DFT Study

A DFT study of (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)2(H2O) was undertaken to understand ligand effects that control the propensity of this complex to undergo intermolecular alkane C–H activation by a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) mechanism. Substitution of electronically diverse substituents at the para position of the aryl ring and exchange of the pincer oxazolinyl arms with other donor groups were calculated to minimally impact the barriers to C–H activation. It is suggested that these modifications do not influence the orbitals directly involved in the six-membered CMD transition state. The base and spectator carboxylate ligands were calculated to play two distinct roles in the activation with different electronic preferences, namely, their intrinsic basicity and trans influence/effect, respectively. Heteroaryl linkers in the pincer backbone were identified as a promising lead, yielding noticeably lower computed C–H activation barriers, due to increased electrophilicity of the cationic metal center.
Is S 32 ( O 16 , C 12 ) Ar 36 α * Transfer?

The differential cross section for $^{32}\mathrm{S}$($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{12}\mathrm{C}$)$^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ has been analyzed with the finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation computer code MERCURY (which includes recoil effects exactly). The general features of the data were reproduced only by assuming that the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle was transferred in an excited state. Good fits to the data were found by also including $L$-dependent absorption in the optical potentials.
Colored Feed for Turkey Poults

Abstract Natural feed ingredients vary considerably in their coloring. When formulae are changed, a resulting change in the color of the mixed feed may take place. Buyers of the feed may not like the variation in color from one mix to another. Also, turkeys do not take readily to changes as observed by the author. It also seemed to the author that turkeys liked green color as indicated by their ready acceptance of succulent green feed, even though they had not been accustomed to it. It may also be possible that some colors of feed might be attractive to newly hatched poults, causing them to find feed early and reduce the incidence of starve-outs. Anderson and Briggs (1948) fed feed colored orange, red, and blue by use of synthetic dyes added to a white, purified type diet. The feed was fed for four weeks from 1 day of age. Position…
Decision Costs in Coalition Formation

Choices made in coalition formation are costly to participants, complex, and difficult to measure with precision because observable coalitions are multi-person, non-zero-sum games. At least eight decision costs are included in the process. The purpose of this paper is to identify them and to examine their usefulness in explaining coalition formation. Decisions include: (1) information costs, (2) responsibility costs, (3) intergame costs, (4) costs of division of payoffs, (5) dissonance costs (6) inertia costs, (7) time costs, and (8) persuasion costs. Coalition building is an essential aspect of decision making within any political system. Whether one is studying the behavior of a municipal planning commission, a committee or sub-committee of a legislative body, the United Nations Security Council, or any other decision-making institution in which more than one person is involved in reaching a decision, the essential problem is often one of establishing a winning coalition within the entire group membership. A winning coalition is any portion of the group that can decide to do or not to do something that is on the agenda of the group and over which it has competent authority. The requirements of what constitutes a winning coalition are determined by the formal and informal rules of the game. Most commonly, one of the rules is that a winning coalition must consist of one-half the members of the group plus one and this assumption is made for purposes of this paper. The size of the coalition needed is important for individual and coalition strategies, but it is not important conceptually. That is, the problems involved in securing a winning coalition on the United States Supreme Court when only four votes are needed in order to agree to hear a case affects the strategy of the members of the court, but is of no theoretical importance to coalition formation.
Photoswitchable Metal-Mediated Catalysis: Remotely Tuned Alkene and Alkyne Hydroborations

A photochromic dithienylethene-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–Rh(I) complex was synthesized and found to undergo reversible electrocyclic ring closure upon alternate exposure to UV (λirr 313 nm) and visible (λirr >500 nm) radiation. Under ambient light, the Rh catalyst efficiently promoted the hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes with pinacolborane. However, upon UV irradiation to effect a photocyclization within the NHC ligand, the catalytic activity was reduced by up to an order of magnitude. The disparity in the rates was used to photoswitch the rates of a series of hydroboration reactions, thus demonstrating the first examples of photomodulating a transition-metal catalyst by tuning its electronic properties. The rate attenuation observed under UV irradiation was attributed to inhibition of the rate-determining reductive elimination step arising from a decrease in electron-donating ability of the photocyclized NHC ligated to the Rh center.
Research on the Technique of Creating Library

Along with the increasing of the scale in IC design field,Today designers use HDLH instead of schematics.No matter logic design or layout design all need lib to support.A lib with excellent capability is a key in designing.Therefore empoldering an useful lib is more and more important.The articl simply instructs the flow of creating library.
The Near-Stellar Environment of Cool, Evolved Stars

We discuss relationships between spectral indicators of chromospheric heating, winds and dust for “low” and “intermediate” mass stars evolving up the RGB and AGB, and suggest new observations from infrared to mm wavelengths which are needed. A full discussion of these relations, which are important for theoretical studies of heating and mass-loss processes, is in preparation.
GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb double-heterostructure and very-low-threshold QW diode lasers

Diode lasers emitting between 2 and 5 pm would be useful for applications such as laser radar exploiting atmospheric transmission windows, remote sensing of atmospheric gases, and molecular spectroscopy. Lasers consisting of a GaInAsSb active region and AlGaAsSb confining layers have shown good performance because this structure can provide the high level of electrical and optical confinement necessary for efficient laser operation. In this paper, we describe recent progress in GaInAsSb/ AIGaAsSb diode lasers, including the results obtained for what we believe to be the first such lasers with a QW active region.
Effect of physician disclosure of specialty bias on patient trust and treatment choice

This paper explores the impact of disclosures of bias on advisees. Disclosure—informing advisees of a potential bias—is a popular solution for managing conflicts of interest. Prior research has focused almost exclusively on disclosures of financial conflicts of interest but little is known about how disclosures of other types of biases could impact advisees. In medicine, for example, physicians often recommend the treatment they specialize in; e.g., surgeons are more likely to recommend surgery than nonsurgeons. In recognition of this bias, some physicians inform patients about their specialty bias when other similarly effective treatment options exist. Using field data (recorded transcripts of surgeon–patient consultations) from Veteran Affairs hospitals and a randomized controlled laboratory experiment, we examine and find that disclosures of specialty bias increase patients’ trust and their likelihood of choosing a treatment in accordance with the physicians’ specialty. Physicians in the field also increased the strength of their recommendation to have the specialty treatment when they disclosed their bias or discussed the opportunity for the patient to seek a consultation with a physician from another specialty. These findings have important implications for handling advisor bias, shared advisor–advisee decision-making, and disclosure policies.
Mayo Clinic Experience with Unfavorable Results After Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck

Free tissue transfer to the head and neck in the modern era has a high success rate. To maximize success with reconstructive surgery in the head and neck region, it helps to understand those factors that present unique challenges. These factors include contamination by the upper aerodigestive tract, tissue mobility, and a high percentage of patients receiving radiotherapy for oncologic treatment. This article reviews the authors' experience in the head and neck, specifically how addressing these factors can best lead to successful functional and aesthetic outcomes. The authors share surgical techniques and lessons learned from their successes and failures.