cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlational Study of McCarthy, Wisc, and Stanford-Binet Scales:

A correlational study of scores on the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and the Stanford-Binet was conducted as an effort to demonstrate validity for the McCarthy scales. While the Binet IQ was related to the McCarthy Verbal score and General Cognitive Index, the WISC subtest scores and IQs were significantly related to McCarthy scale scores. The results indicated a lack of specificity among McCarthy scale index measures and an ambiguous definition of the General Cognitive Index.
On the Finite Element Solution of the Pure Neumann Problem

This paper considers the finite element approximation and algebraic solution of the pure Neumann problem. Our goal is to present a concise variational framework for the finite element solution of the Neumann problem that focuses on the interplay between the algebraic and variational problems. While many of the results that stem from our analysis are known by some experts, they are seldom derived in a rigorous fashion and remain part of numerical folklore. As a result, this knowledge is not accessible (or appreciated) by many practitioners---both novices and experts---in one source. Our paper contributes a simple, yet insightful link between the continuous and algebraic variational forms that will prove useful.
Neuronal activity in rabbit neostriatum during classical eyelid conditioning.

Extracellular multiple- and single-unit recordings were made from the neostriatum of rabbits during classical eyelid conditioning. Neostriatal neurons processed information regarding the conditioned auditory stimulus (CS) and conditioned eyelid response (CR) as well as the unconditioned stimulus/response (US/UR). These data are consistent with previous reports that neostriatal neurons respond to movement and movement-related sensory stimuli. In most cases, neostriatal neurons increased activity to the US during the early phase of training, but to the CR as training progressed. A close temporal correlation was found between neuronal activity and CR onset with unit discharges typically preceding CR onset by 10–50 ms. The activity of some multiple and single units was monitored after injection of haloperidol, a neuroleptic and dopamine antagonist known to disrupt neostriatal function. Interestingly, haloperidol caused a greater disruption of CRs at low-intensity than at high-intensity CSs, but conditioning-related neuronal activity was disrupted equally at both intensities. These data are discussed in terms of a possible role for the neostriatum in eyelid conditioning.
Diagnosis of Benign Cysts of the Mediastinum: The Role and Risks of EUS and FNA

Abstract Background: Benign mediastinal cysts, which account for approximately 20% of mediastinal masses, may be diagnostic challenges. Information regarding the use of EUS and EUS-guided FNA in this setting is limited. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the value and potential risks of EUS and EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of mediastinal foregut cysts. Methods: The EUS database of a single tertiary referral center was reviewed for the diagnosis of benign mediastinal cysts. Twenty patients were identified who underwent 23 EUS examinations for suspected mediastinal cysts (n = 4), for follow-up of a known cyst (n = 3), or for a mediastinal mass of unknown origin (n = 16). Results: In 19 patients, the definite diagnosis of a mediastinal cyst was established by EUS. Twelve cysts appeared anechoic, 6 were hypoechoic, and one anechoic cyst contained small echoic foci. CT (n = 17) or magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1) was performed in 18 cases; only 4 of these were diagnostic of a cyst. In 3 cases, the cyst contents were aspirated by EUS-FNA. In a fourth case, a solid-appearing duplication cyst, misdiagnosed by EUS, was sampled with FNA and core biopsy. This patient developed severe sepsis secondary to mediastinitis 4 days later. Thoracotomy revealed an infected bronchogenic cyst. Conclusions: EUS provides a minimally invasive approach to the diagnosis of benign mediastinal cysts and may be more accurate than CT or other imaging modalities. Aspiration of suspected cysts should be undertaken with caution, given the risk of infection.
Conformational dependence of the Raman scattering intensities from polynucleotides. III. Order-disorder changes in helical structures

Raman spectra are presented on ordered and presumably helical structures of DNA and RNA as well as the poly A·poly U helical complex, polydAT, and the helical aggregates of 5′-GMP and 3′-GMP. The changes in the frequency and the intensity of the Raman bands as these structures undergo order-disorder transitions have been measured. In general the changes we have found can be placed into three categories: (1) A reduction in the intensities of certain ring vibrations of the polynucleotide bases is observed when stacking or ordering occurs (Raman hypochromism). Since the ring vibrational frequencies are different for each type of base, we have been able to obtain some estimate of average amount of order of each type of base in partially ordered helical systems. (2) A very large increase in the intensity of a sharp, strongly polarized band at about 815 cm−1 is observed when polyriboA and polyriboU are formed into a helical complex. Although this band is not present in the separated chains at high temperature, a broad diffuse band at about 800 cm−1 is present. The 815 cm−1 band undoubtedly arises from the vibrations of the phosphate-sugar portions of the molecule and provides a sensitive handle to the back-bone conformation of the polymer. This band also appears upon ordering of RNA, formation of the helical aggregate of 5′-riboGMP, and to some extent in the selfstacking of the polyribonucleotides polyA, polyU in the presence of Mg++, PolyC, and polyG. No such intense, polarized band is found, however, in ordered DNA, polydAT, or the 3′-riboGMP aggregate, although there is a conformationally independent band at about 795 cm−1 in DNA and polydAT. (3) Numerous frequency changes occur during Conformational changes. In particular the 1600–1700 cm−1 region in D2O shows significant conformationally dependent changes in the CO stretching region analogous to the changes in this region which have been observed in these substances in the infrared. Thus, Raman scattering appears to provide a technique for simultaneously observing the effects of base stacking, backbone conformation and carbonyl hydrogen bonding in nucleic acids in moderately dilute (10–25 mg/ml) aqueous solutions.
Surgery and immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma involving inferior vena cava

We herein report 4 cases of renal cell carcinoma with vena caval extension. Appropriate diagnostic studies and a planned surgical approach is the most effective treatment for intravascular spread. Accurate preoperative staging is important for a successful outcome. Although the technical challenges involved in performing a nephrectomy are substantial, these cases illustrate that standard nephrectomy with evacuation of tumor thrombus, ligation of the left renal vein, and even partial resection of the inferior vena cava can be performed with an acceptably low morbidity.
A Study of Artificial Incubation of Runner Duck Eggs: Requirements

Abstract IN SPITE of the growing interest in better and more assured methods of artificial incubation of ducks eggs, the problems of selection of the incubator and the control of environmental conditions for incubation had never been adequately investigated. The present study was undertaken in response to this general sentiment and to the call for a more economical and efficient method of hatching. The main object of the study, therefore, was to determine the effect of the rate of air agitation and to establish the requirements for temperature and humidity in the incubation of duck eggs. METHODS AND MATERIALS The eggs of White Runner ducks (Anas domesticus) were used. The experiments were conducted during the natural hatching season in the month of April for four consecutive years, from 1936 to 1939, inclusive. There were used 2,630 fresh eggs, which were rigidly selected for the uniformity of shell structure, size, and shape. . . .
The properties of cadmium tin oxide thin-film compounds prepared by linear combinatorial synthesis

SnO 2 and CdO films with high electrical and optical quality have been produced by using low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Based on the knowledge gained from binary oxide formation, linear combinatorial synthesis is used to study the ternary oxide (Cd-Sn-O) compound. Compositional, structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films are found to vary along the reactant gas flow direction. The crystal structure indicates that the CdO-like films are formed near the location of gas injection and SnO 2 -like films near the end of the deposition zone. As composition and structure change, the carrier concentration varies around 10 20 cm 3 , and the mobility increases from less than I to ∼60 cm 2 V 1 s 1 . The optical bandgap of the films also increases from ∼2.75 to 3.65 eV as composition moves from CdO-like films to SnO 2 -like films.
Distal biceps tendon ruptures

Rupture of the distal biceps brachii insertion is infrequent, representing only 3% of biceps muscle injuries. The mechanism of injury in distal rupture involves a strong contraction of the biceps tendon against unanticipated resistance. The injury is most common in the dominant arm of middle-aged men. Symptoms include weakness in elbow flexion (by 30%) and forearm supination (by 40%), often necessitating surgical repair in the working individual. There are two described surgical procedures for the repair of distal biceps ruptures with very good results. The modified Henry approach uses a single anterior incision, whereas the Boyd-Anderson technique involves a small anterior incision and a second posterolateral incision. Both of these techniques have been modified over time. A distal biceps tendon rupture is defined as chronic if it is greater than 4 weeks old. The results of surgical repair in chronic cases are less sufficient and the surgical technique is more demanding. Partial rupture cases are usually attritional and not associated with a traumatic event. Surgical treatment in refractory cases involves detachment of the biceps tendon, debridement, and reattachment. Distal biceps tendon ruptures repair is essential for laborers and athletic individuals who need normal strength for their activities of daily living or sport. Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand
A COMPARISON OF ADULT AND INFANT TYPES OF GONOCOCCI

1. Two principal types of gonococci may be recognized by suitable immunological tests; e. g., agglutination and complement fixation. These two types correspond to the adult and infant types of infection with the gonococcus, seen clinically. 2. On the basis of the immunological reactions of agglutination and complement fixation the strains of gonococci isolated from three cases of ophthalmia are classed with the adult type. 3. A polyvalent antigen for the serological diagnosis of a gonococcus infection should represent strains of the infant type of organism in order that both types of infection, infant as well as adult, may be recognized.
Hypertension: Diagnostic Test Strategies

AbstractHypertension is common: 18% of the U.S. adult population is affected.1 Hypertension is serious and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.2,3,4 The condition is relatively simple to detect and is usually treatable medically. More importantly, treatment diminishes cardiovascular risk.5,6
SCRIPPSIELLA VELELLAE SP. NOV. (PERIDINIALES) AND GLOEOKINIUM VISCUM SP. NOV. (PHYTODINIALES), DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIONTS OF TWO HYDROZOANS (CNIDIARIA)1,2

The alga symbiotic with the “By the Wind Sailor”Vellela vellela L. (Hydrozoa, Chondrophora) collected off the coast of California, and the alga symbiotic with the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma Forskal (Hydrozoa, Milleporina) from the Gulf of Aqaba, were isolated and brought into unialgal, axenic culture. Based on light microscopy and ultrastructure analyses by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the algal population from V. velella is described as Scrippsiella velellae sp. nov. (Peridiniales). The algal population from the dark morph of M. dichotoma is decribed as Gloedinium viscum sp. nov. (Phytodiniales). These are the first descriptions of symbiotic dinoflagellate belonging to the orders Peridiniales and Phytodiniates. When viewed with descriptions of symbiotic dinoglagellates belonging to the Prorocentrales and Gymnodiniales, the evidence currently points to seven genera in four orders of dinoflagellates having representatives that have entered a symbiotic mode of existence.
On the completely positive and positive-semidefinite-preserving cones

Abstract The cone CP n,q of completely positive linear transformations from M n ( C )= M n to M q is shown to be isometrically isomorphic to P nq , the cone of nq by nq positive semidefinite matrices. Generalizations of scalar and matrix results to CP n, q ⊂ HP n, q ⊂ L ( M n , M q ) (where HP n,q represents the hermitian-preserving linear transformations) are discussed. Relationships among the completely positives, the set of positive semidefinite preservers π( P n ) , and its dual π( M n ) ∗ are given. Left and right facial ideals of CP are characterized. Properties of the joint angular field of values of a finite sequence of hermitian matrices H 1 ,…, H m are studied, leading to a characterization of π( P q , P n ) .
Shell model of the nucleon

Abstract A shell model of the nucleon is described in which the quark-gluon core of the nucleon and the virtual pions around the core separately occupy single-particle states.
Nutrient Standards, Water Quality Indicators, and Economic Benefits from Water Quality Regulations

There is no consensus in the hedonic property pricing literature on measures of water quality to use for regulatory policy analysis. This study compares several alternative measures of water quality with a focus on singular and composite nutrient indicators. Our contribution is to compare and contrast these indicators in the context of benefit analysis based on recent regulatory programs for nutrients in the US and EU. Results indicate order of magnitude differences in the benefits derived from the different types of indicators. We find support for a compound indicator that combines three policy-relevant indicators into an overall measure of waterbody health and is significantly related to property values. Given the growing interest in objective criteria for regulating nutrients and other nonpoint source pollutants, these results provide guidance on the selection of indicators in property valuation studies of water quality regulations.
Teaching Affirmative Action: An Opportunity to Apply, Integrate, and Reinforce Sociological Concepts

Affirmative action, a controversial topic about which students have many misconceptions, lends itself especially well to a sociological analysis. This paper describes an approach to teaching that: 1) informs students of different affirmative action programs; 2) gives them the opportunity to apply and integrate a variety of concepts and research findings covered in our sociology courses; 3) allows us to assess how well students understand affirmative action and to what degree they retain myths about the programs; and 4) covers an emotionally charged topic with enough depth to go beyond surface reactions. We find that this integrated approach dispels some of the most common myths, leads students to become more thoughtful and analytical, and gives them a good foundation from which to examine affirmative action in the future.
Thermal stress resistance of engineering ceramics

Abstract An overview is presented of the current understanding of the variables which affect the thermal stress failure of brittle structural ceramics for a variety of failure phenomena including thermoelastic instability, thermal fatigue and instantaneous thermal stress fracture, as well as stable and dynamic crack propagation. Analytical expressions for the thermal stress resistance for instantaneous fracture are given for a range of thermal conditions, including externally constrained thermal expansions under isothermal conditions, steady state heat flow, linear rate of heating and convective, conductive as well as radiative heat transfer. Data from the literature are cited, whenever available. For all thermal environments and failure modes, appropriate thermal stress resistance parameters (figures of merit) are presented, which allow the selection of the candidate structural ceramic with optimum thermal stress resistance for a specific thermal environment and failure mode. Recommendations are made for the development of ceramic materials with improved thermal stress resistance as well as the directions to be taken in engineering design in order to reduce the susceptibility of ceramic components or structures to thermal stress failure.
Identification and Expression of the TREX1 and TREX2 cDNA Sequences Encoding Mammalian 3′→5′ Exonucleases

The 3′→5′ exonucleases catalyze the excision of nucleoside monophosphates from the 3′ termini of DNA. We have identified the cDNA sequences encoding two 3′→5′ exonucleases (TREX1 and TREX2) from mammalian cells. The TREX1 and TREX2 proteins are 304 and 236 amino acids in length, respectively. Analysis of the TREX1 and TREX2 sequences identifies three conserved motifs that likely generate the exonuclease active site in these enzymes. The specific amino acids in these three conserved motifs suggest that these mammalian exonucleases are most closely related to the proofreading exonucleases of the bacterial replicative DNA polymerases and the RNase T enzymes. Expression of TREX1 and TREX2 inEscherichia coli demonstrates that these recombinant proteins are active 3′→5′ exonucleases. The recombinant TREX1 protein was purified, and exonuclease activity was measured using single-stranded, partial duplex, and mispaired oligonucleotide DNA substrates. The greatest activity of the TREX1 protein was detected using a partial duplex DNA containing five mispaired nucleotides at the 3′ terminus. No activity was detected using single-stranded RNA or an RNA-DNA partial duplex. Identification of the TREX1 and TREX2 cDNA sequences provides the genetic tools to investigate the physiological roles of these exonucleases in mammalian DNA replication, repair, and recombination pathways.
Avoiding drug problems The safety of drugs for supraventricular tachycardia

To minimize drug problems in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias, it is important to understand the spectrum of adverse events and to identify patients at high risk for these problems. Adverse cardiac and non-cardiac effects are associated, to varying degrees, with currently available antiarrhythmics. Cardiac adverse events include the development of rhythm disturbances or exacerbation of heart failure. Serious rhythm disturbances, such as ventricular tachycardia or torsades des pointes, may result in syncope or death. In a meta-analysis of six randomized trials of quinidine vs placebo for atrial fibrillation, 1.8% of quinidine-treated patients died as opposed to 0.3% of placebo-treated patients. This increase in mortality was also noted in patients enrolled in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Trial who were treated with type I antiarrhythmics. This increase in mortality was confined primarily to patients with a history of congestive heart failure. In a randomized trial of propafenone and sotalol for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, two out of 50 patients receiving sotalol died suddenly, one of whom had hypokalaemia-associated torsades des pointes. No patient receiving propafenone died during this trial. In a meta-analysis of propafenone's effect in treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in over 3100 adult patients, overall mortality was extremely low at 0.3%. Structural heart disease may increase the risk of antiarrhythmic agents. During impatient drug trials in patients treated for atrial fibrillation at Brigham and Women's Hospital, adverse cardiac events, primarily bradyarrhythmias, occurred in up to 15% of the patients. Older age and prior myocardial infarction were associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Adverse drug problems may be minimized by careful attention to electrolytes, medications, concomitant medical illnesses, and underlying conduction disease. Careful monitoring of patients during initiation of therapy, especially those patients with ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and who are older, may minimize drug-related problems.
Conscious sedation of pediatric oncology patients for painful procedures: Development and implementation of a clinical practice protocol

Pain during treatment procedures is often identified as the most distressing aspect of the entire cancer experience for a child with cancer. The use of conscious sedation may reduce this procedure-related pain and distress. A clinical practice protocol is necessary to maximize the efficacy and safety of conscious sedation use. In this article, the processes of developing and implementing a conscious sedation protocol for pediatric oncology patients undergoing painful procedures are presented. The protocol itself is included. A review of the literature on conscious sedation is presented, and implications for pediatric oncology nursing practice are discussed.
Managing Russian Factory Workers: The Impact of U.S.–Based Behavioral and Participative Techniques

A within-subjects experimental design was used to study the impacts that 3 popular and successful techniques used in US studies had on the performance of workers in the largest textile factory in Russia. The results demonstrate both the potential benefits and problems of transporting US-based human resource management theories and techniques to other cultures. The finding confirmed 2 hyphotheses, which predict that extrinsic rewards and behavioral management interventions will have a positive impact on the performance of Russian textile workers. However, 2 other hypotheses, which predict that a participative intervention will not result in improved performance, was also confirmed. The participative intervention seemed to have a counterproductive effect on the Russian workers' performance. The failure of the participative approach, however, does not mean that this approach will not work across cultures. Historical and cultural values and norms should be recognized and overcome for such a technique to work effectively.
What theorists say they do: A brief description of theorists' approaches

The authors describe and compare the four theoretical perspectives represented by the theorists writing Chapters Three through Six, providing additional comparative analysis based on their published works.
Alternative implementations for the frequency-domain LMS adaptive filter

Alternative implementations are presented for the frequency-domain LMS (least-mean-square) adaptive filter first introduced by Narayam and Peterson (1981). The implementation suggested there was a bank of bandpass filters implemented by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). One of the present implementations is based on the recent paper of B. Widrow et al. (1987) that shows that it is possible to compute the DFT by using the LMS steepest-descent algorithm of Widrow and Hoff. This new implementation is very modular. and requires fewer computations for large filter lengths. This is because the transform part requires O(2N) computations per input sample where N is the filter length while the conventional method of taking FFTs requires O(N log N) computations per input sample. Some results of analysis of convergence are presented. Simulations of practical applications of frequency-domain LMS adaptive filters are carried out to determine its suitability, and comparisons are made with simulations using the FFT. A similar structure cannot be suggested for real data. Instead, a frequency-sampling implementation is proposed, using the recursive computation of the discrete Hartley transform. >
Creating a “Smart” Conditional Consensus Forecast

The study examined analyst forecasts of 26 macroeconomic statistics for August 1998 through March 2007. The four research questions were, (1) Does forecast accuracy persist? (2) What are the determinants of such persistence? (3) Do analysts who exhibit these characteristics make more accurate forecasts than the simple consensus? (4) Is a “smart” consensus that is based on individuals exhibiting these characteristics more accurate than the simple consensus? It was shown that analyst forecast accuracy persists and is determined by long-term past accuracy and the analyst’s overall ability in forecasting all statistics.
Role of nitrogen concentration in the thermal stability of the anisotropy in FeTiN thin films

The thermal stability of the anisotropy of FeTiN films has been investigated. The films were prepared by DC reactive sputtering on glass substrates in a N/sub 2//Ar atmosphere, and the N flow rate, chamber pressure, sputtering power and film thickness were varied. Target-substrate distances of 6.7 cm and 4.1 cm were used. For films sputtered at the normal target-substrate distance of 6.7 cm, the anisotropy of FeTiN films rotated about 90 degrees after a 100/spl deg/C, 1 hour annealing in the presence of a 300-400 Oe field perpendicular to the original easy axis. When the 4.1 cm target-substrate distance was used, the anisotropy direction was stable with N concentrations of 6 at.% or less in the films. The anisotropy was unstable for higher N concentrations. X-ray data and stress measurements taken as a function of N concentration showed lattice and stress changes coincident with the stability changes. The dependence of the thermal stability of the film anisotropy on target-substrate distance and N flow rate will be presented and possible mechanisms will be discussed.
Animal models for lysosomal storage disorders.

The lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) represent a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the accumulation of non-metabolized macromolecules (by-products of cellular turnover) in different tissues and organs. LSDs primarily develop as a consequence of a deficiency in a lysosomal hydrolase or its co-factor. The majority of these enzymes are glycosidases and sulfatases, which in normal conditions participate in degradation of glycoconjugates: glycoproteins, glycosaminoproteoglycans, and glycolipids. Significant insights have been gained from studies of animal models, both in understanding mechanisms of disease and in establishing proof of therapeutic concept. These studies have led to the introduction of therapy for certain LSD subtypes, primarily by enzyme replacement or substrate reduction therapy. Animal models have been useful in elucidating molecular changes, particularly prior to onset of symptoms. On the other hand, it should be noted certain animal (mouse) models may have the underlying biochemical defect, but not show the course of disease observed in human patients. There is interest in examining therapeutic options in the larger spontaneous animal models that may more closely mimic the brain size and pathology of humans. This review will highlight lessons learned from studies of animal models of disease, drawing primarily from publications in 2011–2012.
A Longitudinal Study of the Development of Automatic Recognition Skills in First Graders

Experiment 1 was a study in which three times during the school year (in September, February, and April) first graders performed a discrete-trial Stroop task in which they named the colors of stimuli that were either letters, high-frequency words, or low-frequency words. The amount of interference caused by these stimuli was assessed by comparing the naming times to a control condition where the subject named a series of X's. In each testing period the interference caused by letters ex- ceeded that caused by high-frequenc y words. There was also a nonsignificant tendency for interference caused by high-frequency words to exceed that caused by low-frequency words. There was a marked increase in interference between September and February, but very little change between February and April, in- dicating that the automaticity function had already flattened out by the end of first grade. There was a tendency for better readers to display more interference and to show interference earlier in the year. Experiment 2 replicated the developmental trends displayed in Experiment 1 and explored the relationship between interference and the speed and accuracy with which subjects named the stimuli. The overall pat- tern of results in the two experiments was reasonably consistent with the automatici- ty model of reading developed by LaBerge and Samuels (1974). The automaticity model of reading developed by LaBerge and Samuels (1974)
Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (Perca flavescens).

Abstract Declining harvests of yellow perch, Perca flavescens , in urbanized watersheds of Chesapeake Bay have prompted investigations of their reproductive fitness. The purpose of this study was to establish a flow cytometric technique for DNA analysis of fixed samples sent from the field to provide reliable gamete quality measurements. Similar to the sperm chromatin structure assay, measures were made on the susceptibility of nuclear DNA to acid-induced denaturation, but used fixed rather than live or thawed cells. Nuclei were best exposed to the acid treatment for 1 minute at 37 °C followed by the addition of cold (4 °C) propidium iodide staining solution before flow cytometry. The rationale for protocol development is presented graphically through cytograms. Field results collected in 2008 and 2009 revealed DNA fragmentation up to 14.5%. In 2008, DNA fragmentation from the more urbanized watersheds was significantly greater than from reference sites (P = 0.026) and in 2009, higher percentages of haploid testicular cells were noted from the less urbanized watersheds (P = 0.032) indicating better reproductive condition at sites with less urbanization. For both years, total and progressive live sperm motilities by computer-assisted sperm motion analysis ranged from 19.1% to 76.5%, being significantly higher at the less urbanized sites (P
Identification of Simplified Models Using Adaptive Control Techniques

This paper presents a method, which uses techniques from adaptive control, to identify a simplified model of a complex structure using measurements of the input excitation and forces and the output displacements of the structure, as well as some basic assumptions about the structure of the simplified model being identified. Examples are presented in which the input and output to relatively complex plane frame models are used to identify simplified models with significantly fewer degrees of freedom. One of these original complex models is a benchmark structure for which a highly accurate evaluation model has been developed for the purpose of testing controller designs. Using the simplified model of the complex benchmark structure that has been identified, a controller is designed using an existing controller design algorithm and tested using the evaluation model.
Management of laboratory data and information exchange in the electronic health record.

In the era of the electronic health record, the success of laboratories and pathologists will depend on effective presentation and management of laboratory information, including test orders and re...
Grain size dependent mechanical properties in nanophase materials

It has become possible in recent years to synthesize metals and ceramics under well controlled conditions with constituent grain structures on a manometer size scale (below 100 nm). These new materials have mechanical properties that are strongly grain-size dependent and often significantly different than those of their coarser grained counterparts. Nanophase metals tend to become stronger and ceramics are more easily deformed as grain size is reduced. The observed mechanical property changes appear to be related primarily to grain size limitations and the large percentage of atoms in grain boundary environments. A brief overview of our present knowledge about the grain-size dependent mechanical properties of nanophase materials is presented.
Plant Respiration and Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration: Cellular Responses and Global Significance

• Background Elevated levels of atmospheric [CO2] are likely to enhance photosynthesis and plant growth, which, in turn, should result in increased specific and whole-plant respiration rates. However, a large body of literature has shown that specific respiration rates of plant tissues are often reduced when plants are exposed to, or grown at, high [CO2] due to direct effects on enzymes and indirect effects derived from changes in the plant's chemical composition. • Scope Although measurement artefacts may have affected some of the previously reported effects of CO2 on respiration rates, the direction and magnitude for the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant respiration may largely depend on the vertical scale (from enzymes to ecosystems) at which measurements are taken. In this review, the effects of elevated [CO2] from cells to ecosystems are presented within the context of the enzymatic and physiological controls of plant respiration, the role(s) of non-phosphorylating pathways, and possible effects associated with plant size. • Conclusions Contrary to what was previously thought, specific respiration rates are generally not reduced when plants are grown at elevated [CO2]. However, whole ecosystem studies show that canopy respiration does not increase proportionally to increases in biomass in response to elevated [CO2], although a larger proportion of respiration takes place in the root system. Fundamental information is still lacking on how respiration and the processes supported by it are physiologically controlled, thereby preventing sound interpretations of what seem to be species-specific responses of respiration to elevated [CO2]. Therefore the role of plant respiration in augmenting the sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems is still uncertain.
Identification of association between disease and multiple markers via sparse partial least-squares regression.

Although genome-wide association studies have led to the identifications of hundreds of genes underlying dozens of traits in recent years, most published studies have primarily used single marker-based analysis. Intuitively, more information may be utilized when multiple markers are jointly analyzed. Therefore, many methods have been proposed in the literature for association analysis between traits and multiple markers. Among these methods, simulation and real data analyses have shown that it is often more effective to reduce the dimensionality of the markers in a region through principal components analysis of all the markers first, and then to perform association analysis between traits and those principal components that account for most of the genetic variations in the region. However, one major limitation of this approach is that the principal components are derived purely from marker genotypes, without consideration of their relevance to traits. Furthermore, these components are constructed as linear combinations of all the markers even when only a limited number are potentially relevant to traits. In this manuscript, we propose the use of sparse partial least-squares regression to derive the components that are linear combinations of only relevant markers. This approach is able to use information from both traits and marker genotypes. Extensive simulations and real data analyses on a Crohn's disease data set suggest the superiority of this approach over existing methods. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 35: 479-486, 2011
Performance of MIT 10 MVA superconducting generator rotor

The MIT superconducting generator was run open circuit to a level of 12.9 kV. During this last test run the normally conducting armature winding flashed over short circuiting the machine from 12.2 kV. The superconducting rotor was stopped from 3600 RPM in less than 5 seconds. The superconducting field winding remained fully superconducting and the field current was manually reduced to zero. The complex eddy-current magnetic shield and the yoke structure for coil support proved to be of adequate design to protect the superconducting winding from the severe magnetic and the severe mechanical disturbances associated with the electrical fault in the armature. After the fault, the rotor was warmed to room temperature and run at full speed without any change in the balance. The problems encountered during construction and testing are given briefly, and the general conclusions drawn from the program are stated. >
Bcl-2 mediates sex-specific differences in recovery of mice from LPS-induced signs of sickness independent of IL-6

Chronic pulmonary diseases are more common in boys than in girls. Therefore, we investigated the differences in signs of sickness in male and female mice that were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intranasal instillation. Because apoptosis is important in the resolution of inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that reduced levels of Bcl-2, a regulator of apoptosis, may play a role in gender-specific differences in response to inflammation. Bcl-2 wild-type (+/+) female mice recovered from an LPS-induced drop in body temperature and loss in body weight significantly faster than male (+/+) mice. Female heterozygous (+/-) mice showed reduced Bcl-2 levels and exhibited a slower recovery than female (+/+) mice that was similar to the recovery pattern in male (+/+) and (+/-) mice. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were higher in male than in female mice but were not different between (+/+) and (+/-) mice. We conclude that Bcl-2 plays a role in mediating the faster recovery of female (+/+) mice from LPS-induced signs of sickness independent of IL-6. These studies indicate that apoptotic mechanisms may be involved in gender-specific differences in chronic pulmonary diseases.
Stack Developments in a kW Class All Vanadium Mixed Acid Redox Flow Battery at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Over the past several years, efforts have been focused on improving the performance of kW class stacks with increasing current density. The influence of the Nafion membrane resistance, an interdigitated design to reduce the pressure drop in the electrolyte circuit, the temperature of the electrolyte, and the electrode structure will be discussed and correlated to the electrical performance. Furthermore, improvements to the stack energy efficiency and how those translate to the overall system efficiency will also be discussed.
Microwave Techniques for Measuring Directional Wave Spectra

A variety of instruments have been developed during the past thirty years for measuring ocean wave spectra. The simplest of these devices is designed to measure, either directly or indirectly, the surface elevation at a given location in space as a function of time. The observed temporal fluctuations of the surface elevation are described statistically in terms of the frequency spectrum. Using the dispersion relation for surface gravity waves, each frequency component may also be associated with a unique wavelength, assuming that the apparent frequency of the waves is not influenced by currents or by the motion of the sensor through the water. However, no information on the direction of propagation of the waves is obtainable from a point measurement of this type.
Intracerebroventricular application of S100B selectively impairs pial arteriolar dilating function in rats

Abstract S100B is an astrocyte-derived protein that can act through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) to mediate either “trophic” or “toxic” responses. Its levels increase in many neurological conditions with associated microvascular dysregulation, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and traumatic brain injury. The role of S100B in the pathogenesis of microvasculopathy has not been addressed. This study was designed to examine whether S100B alters pial arteriolar vasodilating function. Rats were randomized to receive (1) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), (2) exogenous S100B, and (3) exogenous S100B+the decoy soluble RAGE (sRAGE). S100B was infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) using an osmotic pump and its levels in the CSF were adjusted to achieve a concentration similar to what we observed in SAH. After 48 h of continuous icv infusion, a cranial window/intravital microscopy was applied to animals for evaluation of pial arteriolar dilating responses to sciatic nerve stimulation (SNS), hypercapnia, and topical suffusion of vasodilators including acetylcholine (ACh), s-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP), or adenosine (ADO). Pial arteriolar dilating responses were calculated as the percentage change of arteriolar diameter in relation to baseline. The continuous S100B infusion for 48 h was associated with reduced responses to the neuronal-dependent vasodilator SNS (p
Positive Adjustment in Youth Post-Katrina: The Impact of Child and Maternal Social Support and Coping

This chapter presents results of a longitudinal study conducted with youth and their parents post-Katrina. The study sought to identify both individual and family factors predictive of long-term positive adjustment in youth. Results indicated that family factors, such as parent-provided social support and coping through family routines and support, were paramount in predicting positive outcomes in youth 25–28 months post-Katrina. Youth with greater parent-provided support and who coped by relying on routines and support displayed greater long-term personal adjustment, as measured by interpersonal relations, self-reliance, and self-esteem.
Aminoluciferins Extend Firefly Luciferase Bioluminescence into the Near-Infrared and Can Be Preferred Substrates over d-Luciferin

Firefly luciferase adenylates and oxidizes d-luciferin to chemically generate visible light and is widely used for biological assays and imaging. Here we show that both luciferase and luciferin can be reengineered to extend the scope of this light-emitting reaction. d-Luciferin can be replaced by synthetic luciferin analogues that increase near-infrared photon flux >10-fold over that of d-luciferin in live luciferase-expressing cells. Firefly luciferase can be mutated to accept and utilize rigid aminoluciferins with high activity in both live and lysed cells yet exhibit 10 000-fold selectivity over the natural luciferase substrate. These new luciferin analogues thus pave the way to an extended family of bioluminescent reporters.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry — Survey 1984

This paper summarizes the results of a survey undertaken during 1984 to determine the extent of occupational therapy services in relation to this specialized field of the profession. The survey focused on the number of units and established posts, postregistration training, special interest groups and research.
REGULATION OF PLASMA FLUORIDE IN RATS.

SummaryThe plasma fluoride concentration in rats was not altered by widely varying fluoride intakes which were sufficiently different to produce a 3-fold variation in skeletal fluoride load. Parathyroid extract administered to animals resulted in a significant increase in plasma calcium without altering plasma fluoride concentration. Food deprivation of rats for a period of 7 days, with access to distilled water, saline solution and sugar did not significantly alter the mean serum fluoride level of the experimental animals. The results indicate that the fluoride content of body fluids is adjusted during periods of high fluoride intake or long periods of food deprivation by the skeleton. Additiona studies are required to delineate the role of the kidney in fluoride homeostasis in conditions of parathyroid extract mobilization of the skeleton and inthose of deprivation of fluoride intake.
Understanding Statistical and Clinical Significance: Hypothesis Testing

This primer reviews a number of statistical concepts integral to the hypothesis testing process and its role in decision making. Concepts of variables, scales of measure, and measures of central tendency and dispersion are discussed, and a 5-step process of hypothesis testing is presented. Finally, a discussion of the statistical and clinical significance of research results is presented, along with the concept of confidence intervals as a method of conveying information about the effect size as well as the statistical significance of a difference between groups.
Parent Language: A Predictor for Neurodevelopmental Follow-up Care Among Infants With Very Low Birth Weight.

Abstract Objective Preterm/very low birth weight infants may suffer neurodevelopmental delays. Pediatricians should monitor neurodevelopment and pursue timely referrals. Yet parents who speak non-English primary languages (NEPL) report worse health care communication and fewer appropriate specialty referrals for their children. We sought to determine whether infants of NEPL parents receive recommended outpatient follow-up care for neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that these infants received less care than infants of English speakers. Methods We linked paid claims from California Children's Services to clinical data from California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (58% linkage rate, 1541 subjects) for publicly insured infants with birth weight Results A total of 433 infants (28%) had NEPL parents. Infants of NEPL parents had 38% higher odds of receiving influenza vaccination (95% confidence interval 9–75, P = .008) and completed 8% more preventive visits (95% confidence interval 1–64, P = .019) than infants of English speakers. Infants of NEPL parents did not have longer lengths of stay or more readmissions. Conclusions Infants of NEPL parents were more likely than infants of English speakers to receive some aspects of recommended outpatient follow-up care. Regardless of language, all infants received far lower rates of follow-up care than recommended by national guidelines. Future study should address the causes of these gaps.
Technical-Economic Analysis on Application of Aluminum Conductor Composite Core in Transmission Line Renovation

This paper analyzes the economic characteristics and advantages of aluminum conductor composite core(ACCC) based on the typical parameters of 220 kV reconstructed lines in China and makes an investigation of its application both at home and abroad.The result indicates that application of ACCC is feasible in technology and reasonable in economy.The emergence of ACCC provides a new way for increasing transmission line capacities and reducing transmission corridors.
Paths to Peace

Jerome Frank could hardly be classified as an expert on international affairs, nor did he pretend to be one. His main interests were in the domestic problems of the United States be they legal, economic, political, or philosophical. He seldom traveled abroad and then only to Europe, never to Asia, and he wrote relatively little about world problems. Save America First presents his most elaborate discussion of the subject, but it is primarily concerned with economics and bears only secondarily on international problems. Beyond this, his writings contain only fragmented statements of his views on international affairs.
A Performance-Improving Evaluation Form

This paper describes development and use of a diagnostic instructor evaluation form. The strength of the form is its ability to identify precisely which instructor behaviors need to be changed.