cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Flying Qualities Criteria for Single-Pilot Instrument Flight Operations

Modern estimation and control theory, flight testing, and statistical analysis were used to deduce flying qualities criteria for General Aviation Single Pilot Instrument Flight Rule (SPIFR) operations. The principal concern is that unsatisfactory aircraft dynamic response combined with high navigation/communication workload can produce problems of safety and efficiency. To alleviate these problems. The relative importance of these factors must be determined. This objective was achieved by flying SPIFR tasks with different aircraft dynamic configurations and assessing the effects of such variations under these conditions. The experimental results yielded quantitative indicators of pilot's performance and workload, and for each of them, multivariate regression was applied to evaluate several candidate flying qualities criteria.
Transcriptional Profiling Identifies TNS4 Function in Epithelial Tubulogenesis

Summary Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays central roles in tubulogenesis and metastasis [1–4]. HGF treatment of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown as cysts in three-dimensional culture induces tubulogenesis [5, 6], which like most tubulogenic processes proceeds through distinct intermediate phases. Identification of genes associated with these phases is central to understanding the molecular mechanisms of tubulogensis; however, because of inefficient, asynchronous tubule formation, isolating such genes has been unfeasible. Here we developed a synchronous, efficient tubulogenesis system and used time-course transcriptional profiling to identify genes temporally regulated in developmental intermediates. Knockdown (KD) of tensin 4 (TNS4), a particularly highly upregulated gene, leads to a decrease in formation of extensions and tubules, two sequential intermediates in tubulogenesis. Exogenous expression of TNS4 marks invasive cells in an epithelial sheet. A mutation in the SH2 domain of TNS4 prevents the transition from extension formation to invasive migration during tubule formation and leads to increased basal activation of STAT3. Exogenous expression of a constitutively active STAT3 mimics the defect by the mutation. Our study highlights the role of the TNS4-STAT3 axis in epithelial sheet invasion and tubulogenesis.
Parity-check multiplicity in binary cyclic codes

Tests to determine the multiplicity of (1 + x) in a polynomial in 𝔽2[x] are provided. The primary application is to detect decode failure in binary BCH codes whose generator polynomial includes multiple factors of (1 + x).
Computation of wall effects in ventilated transonic wind tunnels.

A method for computing interference effects due to ventilated wind-tunnel walls on lifting transonic airfoils is presented. Differences between the present method based on nonlinear transonic theory and the classical correction formulae from linear subsonic theory are discussed. Computed results are presented for an NACA 0012 in solid and perforated wall tunnels. The solid wall calculations are compared with data.
The natural history of prostate cancer

Predicting the long-term outcome of patients who choose watchful waiting as initial therapy for prostate cancer is difficult. The wide variation in disease progression, the impact of competing medical hazards, and the potential impact of early hormonal therapy that is characteristic of contemporary patients all conspire to compromise survival estimates dating from the pre-PSA era. The survival analysis figure developed by Albertsen et al (Fig. 1) estimates a 15-year survival rate based on patient age and Gleason score at diagnosis from patients diagnosed in the pre-PSA era. Although no effort was made to adjustfor competing medical hazards, patients and clinicians can adjust a patient's chronological age to match his "physiological" age. The advent of widespread PSA testing appears to have advanced the date of diagnosis by approximately 5 years and the onset of secondary treatment by at least as many years. Therefore, the figure describing the natural history of prostate cancer most likely underestimates rather than overestimates survival among men with newly diagnosed, localized prostate cancer who select watchful waiting as their treatment choice. As contemporary databases of men with localized prostate cancer mature, more data on the natural history of this disease will become available. Only time will tell how the use of PSA has altered the precision of historic case-series data.
Evolving experience with video-assisted thoracic surgery in congenital cystic lung lesions in a British pediatric center.

Abstract Background/Purpose Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is increasingly used for the resection of congenital cystic lung lesions (CLLs). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VATS and its outcome in both antenatally and postnatally detected CLLs. Methods Forty-six patients managed during 2000-2005 were studied. Demographics, investigations, operative details, and outcome data were collected and evaluated. Patients were divided into 3 groups for analysis. Results Antenatally diagnosed (groups I and II, n=35): group I (20) had VATS at 20 months median (range, 16-35 months). Video-assisted thoracic surgery was successful in 14 of 20 (70%), notably in all cases of extralobar sequestrations and foregut duplication cysts. Inadequate vision/lung collapse and technical difficulties were the main reasons for conversion to open thoracotomy. Group II (n = 15) was considered unsuitable for VATS because of neonatal symptoms (6 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung [CCAMs]) and/or large size/inexperience (5 CCAMs, 4 sequestrations) and had elective thoracotomy at 8 months median (range, 6 days-20 months). Postnatally diagnosed (group III, n=11): 3 CCAMs, 6 duplications, and 2 sequestrations were diagnosed because of recurrent chest infection (8) or stridor (2), or incidentally (1) at 8 years median (range, 1.2-14 years). Video-assisted thoracic surgery was successful in 3 foregut duplications. A duplication and an intralobar sequestration were converted; open thoracotomy was performed in others because of previous recurrent pneumonic episodes. Postoperative pain and hospital stay were significantly less ( P Conclusions Video-assisted thoracic surgery is a safe and effective option for asymptomatic congenital CLLs. It is anticipated that more successful CCAM resections using VATS will occur in the future as our technical ability improves.
Vibration welding of a unidirectional continuous glass fiber reinforced polypropylene GMT

This paper presents experimental results of vibration welding of a continuous fiber GMT composite of E-glass glass fiber reinforced polypropylene. Vibration welding parameters investigated were vibration time, clamping pressure and vibration amplitude. The effects of these parameters on penetration and lap shear strength of the composite were determined. It was shown that clamping pressure and vibration time should be properly selected to optimize the lap shear strength. Temperature measurements made during vibration welding showed the importance of these two parameters on the interface temperature required for proper vibration welding.
Some simple U -statistic tests for uniformity on certain homogeneous spaces

We develop some examples of degenerate U-statistic tests for uniformity in certain compact topological groups and homogeneous spaces, namely, the orthogonal group and the Grassmann manifold. These tests have the attractive properties that they involve simple matrix calculations and their asymptotic null distributions are easy to describe, in that the eigenspace decompositions that characterize these distributions are quite elementary. The tests are shown to be locally most powerful against suitable families of alternatives.
Effects of increased ambient CO2 levels on human and animal health.

This is the last work to have been completed by Karl Ernst Schaefer, who died on December 26th 1981, in Old Lyme, Connecticut. The physiological changes and problems brought on by an excess of carbon dioxide was, for many years, one of the prime research interests of this eminent respiratory physiologist. In the present work, Schaefer explored the physiological limits of diving with varying N2−O2 mixtures. The paper contains a wealth of information relevant to the many still unanswered questions in the field and invaluable suggestions with respect to the course of future research. This work yielded, moreover, some interesting disease models for such disturbances as arrhythmia and bradycardia.
Assessment and management of pineal-region and related tumors ☆

Abstract Twenty-nine patients underwent computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of tumors either in or related to the pineal region. Preoperative CT scans accurately assessed tumor characteristics but could not precisely predict tumor type. Histological confirmation was obtained in 21 of 24 nonlipomatous tumors without mortality. Tissue diagnosis was essential in defining the goals of surgery (resection of symptomatic benign tumors or reduction of malignant tumor burden) and in determining the need for postoperative radiation or chemotherapy, or both. Surgical intervention did not increase the incidence of sub-arachnoid seeding. Most lipomas were incidental, whereas the epidermoid tumors and the benign teratomas were symptomatic and potentially resectable. Most pineal or germ-cell tumors and the majority of gliomas responded to either or both radiation or chemotherapy. Twenty-one of 24 patients with nonlipomatous tumors were clinically improved following treatment. Serial postoperative CT scanning documented 2 cases of tumor recurrence at the primary site despite prior CT evidence of resolution. CT scanning proved reliable but not infallible in evaluating treatment efficacy.
On the parallelization of Linkmap from the LINKAGE/FASTLINK package

Abstract Genetic linkage calculations can be time consuming, even on a fast computer. The ability to collect large family pedigrees has increased the magnitude of linkage computations. Sequential genetic algorithms have many successful applications in very different domains, but they have a main drawback in their utilization. Evaluations are very time-consuming, e.g., a pedigree consisting of 55 nodes takes about 70 min on a DEC-Alpha processor and about 270 min on a 166 MHz Pentium for certain likelihood calculations. This time increases exponentially with the increase in the size of the pedigree. In order to solve these shortcomings and to study new models of higher efficiency and efficacy, parallel platforms are being used for genetic programs. LINKAGE is a software package for performing genetic likelihood calculations; FASTLINK is an improved, faster version of it. This paper provides a parallel implementation of the “Linkmap” program (one of the four programs in LINKAGE/FASTLINK) for a heterogeneous environment, using a static and a dynamic strategy for task allocation. It was found that the increased performance by the dynamic strategy was close to the estimated maximum speed up.
Sexual behavior of male golden hamsters receiving diverse androgen treatment

Abstract Four androgens were compared for their effectiveness in maintaining the sexual behavior of castrated male golden hamsters. Sexually experienced males were divided into 4 experimental treatment groups which received 500 μg daily of testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone or androsterone. Control castrates were given oil. All animals were tested for sexual behavior every 2 wk for 10 wk following the onset of experimental treatment. Testosterone and androstenedione were the only androgens that maintained intromissions above the oil control level. However, testosterone, androstenedione and androsterone, but not dihydrotestosterone were effective in maintaining mounting behavior above the oil control level. No differences were detected between these 4 androgens in their maintenance of penile papillae.
Moving boundaries in sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), moving boundaries I–IV (Table 1) form. They migrate isotachophoretically at displacement rates that increase in the order of I to II to III. Moving boundaries IV and V comprising Pyronin-SDS as a leading constituent are retarded at high gel concentrations in comparison with the isotachophoretically migrating species. Since analytes depending on their net mobilities stack within any of those moving boundaries, previous Rf values and Ferguson plots may have to be revised.
Infrared studies of carbon monoxide binding to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase from Moorella thermoacetica.

Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and the coupled synthesis of acetyl-CoA from the carbon monoxide produced. Exposure of CODH/ACS from Moorella thermoacetica to carbon monoxide gives rise to several infrared bands in the 2100−1900 cm-1 spectral region that are attributed to the formation of metal-coordinated carbon monoxide species. Infrared bands attributable to M−CO are not detected in the as-isolated enzyme, suggesting that the enzyme does not contain intrinsic metal-coordinated CO ligands. A band detected at 1996 cm-1 in the CO-flushed enzyme is assigned as arising from CO binding to a metal center in cluster A of the ACS subunit. The frequency of this band is most consistent with it arising from a terminally coordinated Ni(I) carbonyl. Multiple infrared bands at 2078, 2044, 1970, 1959, and 1901 cm-1 are attributed to CO binding at cluster C of the CODH subunit. All infrar...
Aggressive angiomyxoma of the scrotum

Abstract Introduction Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare, benign mass with propensity for local invasion and recurrence after resection. Infrequently, this tumor can be found arising from the scrotum or cord structures in males. Aim/Methods A case report is presented followed by a review of relevant literature addressing the diagnosis, imaging, management and follow-up for aggressive angiomyxoma of the scrotum. Results Imaging can assist in further characterization of masses noted on physical exam. Scrotal sonography is typically the primary imaging modality utilized and magnetic resonance imaging is able to provide further anatomic detail. Treatment mainstay is surgical resection with necessary long term surveillance.
Service preferences differences between community pharmacy and supermarket pharmacy patrons.

Abstract Differences in service preferences between patrons of supermarket and chain pharmacies were determined. Subjects fell into two groups: patrons of a supermarket chain's pharmacies and patrons of the same supermarket chain who patronized other community chain pharmacies for prescription drug purchases. Subjects were asked to prioritize services in terms of convenience and impact on pharmacy selection. Differences in service preferences emerged. Community pharmacy patrons were more likely to rate easy navigation through a pharmacy and 24 × 7 hours of operation as key services. Supermarket pharmacy patrons were more likely to rate one-stop shopping and adequate hours of operation as priorities. Both groups rated basic services such as maintenance of prescription and insurance information as priorities. Pharmacies should stress the delivery of basic services when trying to attract customers.
Iron-based P/M soft magnetic material for electric devices operating at high frequencies

Recently, there has been a growing demand for soft magnetic materials with high conversion characteristics in the high-frequency range due to the trend where electric devices are being operated at higher frequencies. P/M soft magnetic materials, which were developed for such devices, utilizing iron-based powder and alloy powder. Through this work, we were able to reduce core loss and achieve remarkable magnetic characteristics in the high frequency range. Core loss, which includes hysteresis loss and eddy-current loss, is predominant in the high-frequency range. Two methods can be used to reduce eddy-current loss: using fine-grained powder, and using high-resistivity powder. However, both these present compressibility problems, with high-resistivity iron-based alloy powders such as Fe-Si being particularly poor in deformability. By studying composition of the material, we successfully developed a material that offers both high resistivity and high compressibility, reduction of core loss by more than 20% over the conventional material was achieved.
Origin of Dynamical Properties in PMMA−C60 Nanocomposites

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)−C60 nanocomposites, with compositions in the range 0 ≤ φC60wt ≤ 0.05, are shown to exhibit systematic increases in dynamic shear moduli, in glass transition temperature (Tg), and in the longest relaxation time of the polymer (τR) with increasing fullerene concentration. We show that while the φC60wt dependence of the plateau modulus can be reconciled with a conventional “filler” effect, the systematic increases in Tg and in τR are associated with specific interactions between the C60 and the polymer segments. In the melt, these segment−C60 interactions are proposed to reduce polymer segmental mobility in the vicinity of the particle surface and ultimately suppress polymer dynamics, as measured mechanically, in a manner consistent with an increase in the polymer segmental friction coefficient.
Relative activities of three calcium channel antagonists on histamine, acetylcholine and antigen-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum.

The molar concentrations of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, tripelennamine and atropine necessary to block histamine, acetylcholine (ACH) and ovalbumin0induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum were compared. The calcium blockers inhibited ovalbumin contractions in previously sensitized ilea at lower concentrations than those required to block the phasic component of histamine and ACH contractions. These compounds were, however, more active in blocking the tonic phase of histamine and ACH concentrations than ovalbumin contractions. Tripelennamine was almost as active against ovalbumin contractions as it was against histamine concentrations, while atropine was inactive against ovalbumin. The results are interpreted as being supportive of continued efforts to develop calcium channel antagonists which selectively block the smooth muscle effects of inflammatory mediators.
Evidence‐based management of primary and localized Merkel cell carcinoma: a review

Background Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and often lethal cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy with a tendency for early and frequent locoregional and distant metastasis and relapses. It is a tumor of the elderly and immunosuppressed, which most often appears on sun-exposed areas of the body. There is growing interest in characterization of the disease and the best approach to its management. Despite the lack of prospective randomized clinical trials, treatment is evolving. Objective To provide an updated review of the most current and relevant data concerning the surgical (± radiological) management of Merkel cell carcinoma, including the role of Mohs micrographic surgery. Methods Using relevant MeSH terms, we performed a review of the literature on the above subjects from 1981 to 2011. Results and conclusion For primary tumors without evidence of organ metastases, surgical excision should be the primary therapy. Owing to the high rate of local metastases, a safety margin of at least 2 cm should be considered. In situations where small, localized tumors and/or special locations necessitate a smaller safety margin, compensation by complete histological examination of the excision margins and perhaps adjuvant radiation therapy should be undertaken. The literature states that benefits of Mohs micrographic surgery (over wide local excision) include tissue conservation and identification of tumors that may require extremely wide excision margins. The majority of data to date supports the use of Mohs surgery in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Using Community Readiness Key Informant Assessments in a Randomized Group Prevention Trial: Impact of a Participatory Community-Media Intervention

This study examines the role of key informant community readiness assessments in a randomized group trial testing the impact of a participatory community-media intervention (which was also complemented by in-school efforts). These assessments were used to help match communities in random assignment, as a source of formative data about the community, as the basis for a coalition-building workshop, and as an evaluation tool, with a follow-up set of surveys approximately 2 years after the baseline survey. Results of the nested, random effects analysis indicated that the intervention influenced community knowledge of efforts and (at marginally significant levels) improved prevention leadership quality and community climate supportive of prevention efforts. There was evidence that the professional affiliation of informants in some cases had an effect on their assessments, which could be controlled in the analysis. The authors conclude that key informant community readiness assessments can usefully serve to supplement aggregated measures of individual attitudes and behavior (reported elsewhere for this study) in evaluating community-based interventions.
Lipophilic siRNAs mediate efficient gene silencing in oligodendrocytes with direct CNS delivery

Abstract Conjugation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) with lipophilic molecules has been demonstrated to enhance cellular uptake in cell culture and to produce efficient endogenous gene silencing in the liver after systemic administration and in neurons after direct local injection. Here, we evaluated the in vivo delivery of siRNAs conjugated with different linkers to cholesterol by targeting CNPase (2′-3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase) in oligodendrocytes. Cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs administered to the rat corpus callosum by intraparenchymal central nervous system (CNS) infusion show improved silencing ability compared with unconjugated siRNA. Furthermore, conjugation of siRNA to cholesterol with a cleavable disulfide linker appears to be beneficial for improving the potency of silencing of CNPase mRNA in oligodendrocytes in vivo . Taken together, these findings indicate that cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs are effective for direct CNS delivery to oligodendrocytes, and that the biocleavable disulfide linker appears to be beneficial for improving the potency of silencing of target mRNA in vivo .
Thirty-Day Mortality After Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in the Elderly

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with increased 30-day mortality after advanced ovarian cancer debulking among elderly women. METHODS A database linking Medicare records with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data was used to identify a cohort of 5,475 women aged 65 and older who had primary debulking surgery for stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer (diagnosed 1995-2005). Women were stratified by acuity of hospital admission. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify patient-related and treatment-related variables associated with 30-day mortality. RESULTS Five thousand four hundred seventy-five women had surgery for advanced ovarian cancer, and the overall 30-day mortality was 8.2%. Women admitted electively had a 30-day mortality of 5.6% (251 of 4,517), and those admitted emergently had a 30-day mortality of 20.1% (168 of 835). Advancing age, increasing stage, and increasing comorbidity score were all associated with an increase in 30-day mortality (all P<.05) among elective admissions. A group of women at high risk admitted electively included those aged 75 or older with stage IV disease and women aged 75 or older with stage III disease and a comorbidity score of 1 or more. This group had an observed 30-day mortality of 12.7% (95% confidence interval 10.7%-14.9%). CONCLUSION Age, cancer stage, and comorbidity scores may be helpful to stratify electively admitted patients based on predicted postoperative mortality. If validated in a prospective cohort, then these factors may help identify women who may benefit from alternative treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Net Diatom Species Distributions in the Southwestern Atlantic and Indian Ocean

Vertical net haul diatom assemblages from near South Georgia, and from between Africa and Antarctica, were examined and compared. Variation among South Georgia stations was examined by principal component, cluster and canonical discriminant analyses. Diatom distributions provide evidence for at least two distinct water masses. The region north of the island is characterized by neritic, temperate diatoms and by an assemblage with low species diversity. The region south of the island is characterized by oceanic, antarctic species and relatively high species diversity. The regions are most distinct to the west of the island, intergrading east of the island. Within the north-south division, five station groupings were detected on the basis of distribution of dominant net diatoms. By comparing classical species ecological categorizations to results of principal component analysis, a “neritic-oceanic” factor was identified from net diatom distributions. This factor was common to both areas in spite of the fact that Biscoe and Agulhas collections were from different seasons.
DNA precursors in chemical mutagenesis: a novel application of DNA sequencing.

Recently, we have shown that deoxyribonucleoside residues in the cellular DNA precursor pool are generally more susceptible to methylation than are residues within the DNA duplex1. The N-1 position of adenosine, for example, was found to be at least 13,000 times more susceptible to methylation by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) than the same site in the DNA. These results suggest that potential sites for alkylation in the double-strand duplex are relatively inaccessible to direct alkylation in vivo. Many of these sites are probably protected from alkylation not only by their position in the interstices of the DNA helix2,3, but also by further in vivo ‘packaging’ of the DNA in chromatin4–8. We have now used DNA sequencing to demonstrate the incorporation properties of products of the reaction of MNU with dATP and of deoxy-N4-hydroxycytidine triphosphate during DNA replication in vitro by phage T4 DNA polymerase and the ‘Klenow’ fragment of Escherichia coli pol I. The results suggest that DNA precursor nucleotides due to their greater availability for alkylation, may offer routes for the introduction of alkylated residues into double-stranded DNA.
Socializing Functions of Primate Play

The socializing functions of nonhuman primate play behavior are discussed. An evolutionary perspective of play behavior is presented to provide a concise view of its importance in primate phylogeny. Some of the major variables influencing play behavior's socializing functions, i.e., gender, age, group structure and population dynamics, and the econiche, are reviewed. It is concluded that the major socializing functions of play behavior include proper social development, setting the basis for the adult dominance hierarchy, social integration of individuals into the group structure, and learning the social communicatory matrix.
Sexting Behaviors Among College Students: Cause for Concern?

ABSTRACT. Objectives: Sexting, defined as the transmission of sexually suggestive or explicit pictures or videos via mobile phone, has garnered considerable attention in both the public and research sectors. In popular culture, sexting has received considerable negative attention in regards to potential risk. Methods: The present study examined the prevalence of sexting behaviors among 287 volunteer students attending a university in the Southwest United States, as well as the extent to which concerns about sexting appear to be founded or unfounded. Results: Responses indicated that 38% of the participants had sent and/or received sexts during the past 6 months. Of those who engaged in sexting in the past 6 months, 84% had sent 1 to 10 sexts and 88% had received 1 to 10 sexts. Most respondents (64%) indicated that they had sent nude or seminude sexts for consensual sexual reasons. Of those individuals, 87% who reported sending sexts and 71% who reported receiving sexts indicated that the sexting occurred ...
Stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and drug addiction

The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRE) and related neuropeptides not only mediate hormonal responses to stressors but also have a neurotropic role in the central nervous system to mediate behavioral responses to stressors. CRF antagonists effectively block CRF responses and have effects opposite those of CRF in many stress-related situations. Recent advances suggest that in addition to CRF itself there is another CRF-related neuropeptide, urocortin, that may be involved in stress-related responses, particularly those involving appetite. At least two CRF receptors have been discovered to date, CRF-1 and CRF-2. CRF may be involved in various aspects of the addiction cycle associated with drugs of abuse. CRF appears to be activated during stress-induced reinstatement of drug taking as well as acute withdrawal from all major drugs of abuse. CRF is hypothesized to be part of an allostatic change leading to vulnerability to relapse during prolonged abstinence from drugs of abuse.
Taxonomy and Form in Ga Ritual

Almost fifty years ago in The Andaman Islanders, Radcliffe-Brown posed the problem of the relationship between expressive form and meaning in ritual. As a prelude to his analysis of Andaman ceremony, Radcliffe-Brown stated his assumption that "when the same or a similar custom is practised on different occasions it has the same or similar meaning in all of them." 2) Although the relationship between ritual behavior and taxonomic notions has received considerable attention in the recent anthropological literature on ritual symbolism 3), analytical concern has tended to focus on the ideas conveyed by expressive form rather than on the relations between expressive form and meaning. That is, most recent writers on ritual symbolism have been concerned with how certain taxonomic notions are conveyed through expressive forms in ritual, rather than with how particular taxonomic notions are conveyed by particular expressive forms. 4) Since analytical focus has been on the manipulation of ideas through ritual symbols, the validity of Radcliffe-Brown's assumption has not been systematically investigated. Such an examination constitutes the primary analytical concern of this paper.
MAYAN OBSIDIAN: SOURCE CORRELATION FOR SOUTHERN BELIZE ARTIFACTS

High-precision neutron activation measurements have been made on mesoamerican obsidian from Ixtepeque and El Chayal which are thought to be the major sources of volcanic glass artifacts in pre-Columbian times. These results are compared with measurements on obsidian artifacts from Lubaantun, Wild Cane Cay, Frenchman's Cay and Moho Cay.
Impact of supplemental firing of tire-derived fuel (TDF) on mercury species and mercury capture with the advanced hybrid filter in a western subbituminous coal flue gas

Pilot-scale experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the impacts of cofiring tire-derived fuel and a western subbituminous coal on mercury species in flue gas. Mercury samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of the Advanced Hybrid filter to determine mercury concentrations in the flue gas with and without TDF cofiring, respectively. Cofiring of TDF with a subbituminous coal had a significant effect on mercury speciation in the flue gas. With 100% coal firing, there was only 16.8% oxidized mercury in the flue gas compared to 47.7% when 5% TDF (mass basis) was fired and 84.8% when 10% TDF was cofired. The significantly enhanced mercury oxidation may be the result of additional homogeneous gas reactions between Hg0 and the reactive chlorine generated in the TDF-cofiring flue gas and the in situ improved reactivity of unburned carbon in ash by the reactive chlorine species. Although the cofiring of TDF demonstrated limited improvement on mercury-emission control with the Advanced Hybrid filter...
Theoretical basis for equivalent circuit descriptions of the electric coupling between NMR coils and samples

The author derives an expression describing the electric interaction between an NMR coil and sample which is the analogue of the well known Hoult-Richards expression for the magnetic interaction. The expression is used to describe the electric interaction between a conducting dielectric sphere and a long solenoid.
Fusion of 2- /3- /4-sensor imagery for visualization, target learning, and search

We present recent work on methods for fusion of imagery from multiple sensors for night vision capability. The fusion system architectures are based on biological models of the spatial and opponent-color processes in the human retina and visual cortex. The real-time implementation of the dual-sensor fusion system combines imagery from either a low-light CCD camera (developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory) or a short-wave infrared camera (from Sensors Unlimited, Inc.) With thermal long-wave infrared imagery (from a Lockheed Martin microbolometer camera). Example results are shown for an extension of the fusion architecture to include imagery from all three of these sensors as well as imagery from a mid- wave infrared imager (from Raytheon Amber Corp.). We also demonstrate how the results from these multi-sensor fusion systems can be used as inputs to an interactive tool for target designation, learning, and search based on a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network.
The Challenges of Implementing Evidence Based Practice: Ethical Considerations in Practice, Education, Policy, and Research

Over the past century, the field of social work has evolved from grass-roots community-based movements to an intricate network of formally trained professionals promoting social research, education and practice (Klein and Bloom 1994). While social work professionals vary widely in their roles, skills, and attitudes toward the nature and future of the profession, they are united through the shared embrace of underlying ethical principles–beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice (Freeman 2006; NASW 2008)–that guide their interactions with clients. Social workers hold in highest regard the intention to provide ethical and competent services to their clients. Nevertheless, the questions remain: How do social workers know the services they offer are ethical and competent? How do they know that they are providing the best available treatment or intervention, or that services are offered in a way that benefits clients? Is evidence-based practice (EBP) the answer to these questions?
Computing a sparse basis for the null space

We present algorithms for computing a sparse basis for the null space of a sparse underdetermined matrix. We describe several possible computational strategies, both combinatorial and noncombinatorial in nature, and we compare their effectiveness for several test problems.
Etching Alumina with Molten Vanadium Pentoxide

On discute d'une methode d'attaque chimique de l'alumine a l'aide de pentoxyde de vanadium fondu a 750°C pendant 1 mn. On compare les microstructures de l'alumine densifiee a 95% et soumise a une attaque par cette technique ou par l'acide phosphorique bouillant, a une attaque ionique (ion argon) et a une attaque thermique.
Information-driven self-deployment and dynamic sensor coverage for mobile sensor networks

We address the problem of tracking m targets using n mobile sensors for the case ofm ≫ n using a coupled estimation and control algorithm. We propose an information-driven flocking algorithm as a self-deployment algorithm for mobile sensor networks for multi-target tracking. The self-deployment algorithm is a modified form of Olfati-Saber's flocking algorithm [10] with n distinct γ-agents. The mobile sensors track their dedicated γ-agent that are located at the optimal points that maximize the information value of the collective sensed data by any sensor. A Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) based metric called the “information value function” is introduced to measure the quality of information sensed by mobile sensors with limited sensing range. The information-driven flocking algorithm attempts to simultaneously increase the sensor coverage and the information value while maintaining a minimum distance between the sensors and from the boundaries of the sensing region. Simulation results are presented for tracking 250 maneuvering targets in a rectangular region using 25 mobile sensors that are self-deployed using coupled information-driven flocking and information fusion.
Beijing Time, Black Snow and Magnificent Chaoyang Sociality, Markets and Temporal Shift in China’s Capital

Modern social order is premised on a shared conception of and obedience to a set of defined temporal systems. Time is therefore a powerful tool with which to layer, classify and police the nature of social order. This article explores the relationship between temporality and the social in China’s capital, Beijing. The article draws on observations of Chinese film of the 1990s, the 90th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2011, and the Chaoyang district beautification campaign, to identify how temporal structures and symbols are traded and manipulated in the pursuit of political rectification and harmony. The article is based on an extended review of Michael Dutton’s recent book, Beijing Time, and refers its new observations to the examples and premises in that book, which are in turn informed by Dutton’s other work on policing and street life in China.
Legal geography I: Constitutivities, complexities, and contingencies

Although it has been a recognized tendency in human geography and socio-legal studies for nearly 20 years, the project of legal geography has expanded significantly in the last five years in terms of participants, topics of investigation, and theoretical elaboration. This initial report on legal geography emphasizes recent work by geographers, especially younger scholars, and is addressed to the wider community of human geographers. It seeks to convey a sense of the expanded scope of research over the last few years through a discussion of key themes of constitutivity, complexity, and contingency. It suggests that, in many cases, closer critical scrutiny of the involvement of distinctively legal phenomena in the events of particular interest to human geographers can open up productive lines of inquiry that are foreclosed by the conventional neglect of the legal in human geography.
Barotropic thin jets over arbitrary topography

An existing theory for thin jets on the beta plane is modified for applications to arbitrary topography. While the resulting path equation hears close resemblance to that for the beta plane, the fact that bottom topography, unlike the Coriolis parameter, can vary non-monotonically and in both horizontal directions leads to interesting effects, such as retroflection and jet trapping. Applications to a rectilinear ridge and a circular seamount lead to analytical criteria predicting under what conditions a jet, of known upstream profile, will be deflected, retroflected or trapped. Finally, an application to an elliptical seamount has possible implications for the ring current atop Georges Bank in the Gulf of Maine. 0 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
The interaction of law and religion: Harold J. Berman, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1974, 174 pp. $4.95

(1982). The interaction of law and religion. History of European Ideas: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 117-121.
Antitumor activity of a potent MEK inhibitor, TAK-733, against colorectal cancer cell lines and patient derived xenografts.

// Christopher H. Lieu 1 , Peter J. Klauck 1 , Patrick K. Henthorn 1 , John J. Tentler 1 , Aik-Choon Tan 1 , Anna Spreafico 1 , Heather M. Selby 1 , Blair C. Britt 1 , Stacey M. Bagby 1 , John J. Arcaroli 1 , Wells A. Messersmith 1 , Todd M. Pitts 1 and S. Gail Eckhardt 1 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA Correspondence to: Christopher H. Lieu, email: // Keywords : MEK, colorectal cancer, patient derived xenografts, TAK-733 Received : August 09, 2015 Accepted : September 05, 2015 Published : October 01, 2015 Abstract Background: CRC is a significant cause of cancer mortality, and new therapies are needed for patients with advanced disease. TAK-733 is a highly potent and selective investigational novel MEK allosteric site inhibitor. Materials and Methods: In a preclinical study of TAK-733, a panel of CRC cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of the agent for 72 hours followed by a sulforhodamine B assay. Twenty patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts were then treated with TAK-733 in vivo . Tumor growth inhibition index (TGII) was assessed to evaluate the sensitivity of the CRC explants to TAK-733 while linear regression was utilized to investigate the predictive effects of genotype on the TGII of explants. Results: Fifty-four CRC cell lines were exposed to TAK-733, while 42 cell lines were deemed sensitive across a broad range of mutations. Eighty-two percent of the cell lines within the sensitive subset were BRAF or KRAS/NRAS mutant, whereas 80% of the cell lines within the sensitive subset were PIK3CA WT. Twenty patient-derived human tumor CRC explants were then treated with TAK-733. In total, 15 primary human tumor explants were found to be sensitive to TAK-733 (TGII ≤ 20%), including 9 primary human tumor explants that exhibited tumor regression (TGII > 100%). Explants with a BRAF/KRAS/NRAS mutant and PIK3CA wild-type genotype demonstrated increased sensitivity to TAK-733 with a median TGII of -6%. MEK-response gene signatures also correlated with responsiveness to TAK-733 in KRAS-mutant CRC. Conclusions: The MEK inhibitor TAK-733 demonstrated robust antitumor activity against CRC cell lines and patient-derived tumor explants. While the preclinical activity observed in this study was considerable, single-agent efficacy in the clinic has been limited in CRC, supporting the use of these models in an iterative manner to elucidate resistance mechanisms that can guide rational combination strategies.
Design and Evaluation of Very Low-Volume Rural Roads in Developing Countries

Design and evaluation methodologies for low-volume rural roads have traditionally followed an agricultural focus, with an understanding that improved transport, by lowering transport costs, supports economic development through expanding exports and local incomes. More recently, the role of low-volume roads as a crucial complementary input to other activities has been recognized, especially the delivery of essential health and educational services, exchange of information, and basic social interactions. However, limited analytical work has been done to ensure that these benefits are systematically incorporated in the planning and evaluation of transport projects, and experience suggests that the current emphasis of design and evaluation on agricultural benefits can lead to inappropriate priorities and design standards, inasmuch as these are still typically guided by trading off infrastructure life-cycle costs (construction and maintenance) against motorized user savings (vehicle operating costs) and/or in...
Lindemann's criterion and the melting of solids at high pressures

Abstract The generalized Lindemann's criterion is utilized to derive the variation of the melting temperature T m with compression. The result incorporates the basic features of the lattice potential as well as the volume dependence of the frequency distribution through the first two moments of the mode Gruneisen parameter. This melting relation predicts that when T m is plotted against the volume of the melting solid, the fusion curves of solids bonded by Van der Waals forces are concave to the temperature axis and in accordance with the predictions of the Simon equation. On the other hand, the predicted melting curves of ionic compounds, as the alkali-halides, are concave to the volume axis and exhibit a maxima at higher pressures. Since silicates generally possess an ionic contribution to the lattice energy, this melting relation should give a more accurate estimate of the high pressure melting temperature for these compounds than Simon's and theoretically similar equations.
Basis of altered RNA-binding specificity by PUF proteins revealed by crystal structures of yeast Puf4p.

Pumilio/FBF (PUF) family proteins are found in eukaryotic organisms and regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to sequences in the 3′ untranslated region of target transcripts. PUF proteins contain an RNA binding domain that typically comprises eight α-helical repeats, each of which recognizes one RNA base. Some PUF proteins, including yeast Puf4p, have altered RNA binding specificity and use their eight repeats to bind to RNA sequences with nine or ten bases. Here we report the crystal structures of Puf4p alone and in complex with a 9-nucleotide (nt) target RNA sequence, revealing that Puf4p accommodates an 'extra' nucleotide by modest adaptations allowing one base to be turned away from the RNA binding surface. Using structural information and sequence comparisons, we created a mutant Puf4p protein that preferentially binds to an 8-nt target RNA sequence over a 9-nt sequence and restores binding of each protein repeat to one RNA base.
On-chip ramp generators for mixed-signal BIST and ADC self-test

A practical approach to generate on-chip precise and slow analog ramps, intended for time-domain analog testing, monotonicity and histogram-based tests of ADCs is proposed. The technique uses an analog discrete-time adaptive scheme to calibrate the ramp generator. The lowest slope is 0.4V/ms. Three implementations are presented for different levels of accuracy and complexity. Measurement results show excellent accuracy and programmability, up to only 0.6% of slope error and maximum integral nonlinearity error of /spl plusmn/175/spl mu/V. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.
Zebrafish Thrombocytes: Functions and Origins

Platelets play an important role in mammalian hemostasis. Thrombocytes of early vertebrates are functionally equivalent to mammalian platelets. A substantial amount of research has been done to study platelet function in humans as well as in animal models. However, to date only limited functional genomic studies of platelets have been performed but are low throughput and are not cost-effective. Keeping this in mind we introduced zebrafish, a vertebrate genetic model to study platelet function. We characterized zebrafish thrombocytes and established functional assays study not only their hemostatic function but to also their production. We identified a few genes which play a role in their function and production. Since we introduced the zebrafish model for the study of hemostasis and thrombosis, other groups have adapted this model to study genes that are associated with thrombocyte function and a few novel genes have also been identified. Furthermore, transgenic zebrafish with GFP-tagged thrombocytes have been developed which helped to study the production of thrombocytes and their precursors as well as their functional roles not only in hemostasis but also hematopoiesis. This paper integrates the information available on zebrafish thrombocyte function and its formation.
A computing system design for user service

After a long period of study and experimentation with various forms of user/terminal/system interaction, IBM is developing a general purpose timesharing system. This is the recently announced System/360 Model 67 and the associated programming support package.