cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and synthesis of linear hybrid systems with state-triggered jumps☆

Abstract This paper investigates first the stability and L 2 -gain problems for a class of linear hybrid control systems with state-triggered jumps by using an extended Lyapunov-like function (ELF) technique. The obtained results are then applied to facilitate the joint design of a hybrid controller (linear controller plus reset law) for a continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) plant. The hybrid H ∞ synthesis conditions are expressed in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with two line search parameters. An inverted pendulum example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Excess transport properties of light molecules

A detailed study has been made of the excess viscosity of dense-phase aragon, deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, para and normal hydrogen, neon, and nitrogen and of the excess thermal conductivity of normal hydrogen. A definite temperature dependence for the excess viscosity vs. density has been shown to exist for argon, helium-4, hydrogen, and nitrogen and to be indicated for deuterium. The existing thermal conductivity data for hydrogen have been examined. A theoretical analysis for the qualitative behavior of excess thermal conductivity is given. The critical point viscosity values for all the species are given. Graphs, together with references to 1-atm. data, are presented for computation of the transport properties.
Disturbance compensating control of orbit radially aligned two-craft Coulomb formation

This paper investigates the orbit radial stabilization of a two-craft virtual Coulomb structure about circular orbits and at Earth–Moon libration points. A generic Lyapunov feedback controller is designed for asymptotically stabilizing an orbit radial configuration about circular orbits and collinear libration points. The new feedback controller at the libration points is provided as a generic control law in which circular Earth orbit control form a special case. This control law can withstand differential solar perturbation effects on the two-craft formation. Electrostatic Coulomb forces acting in the longitudinal direction control the relative distance between the two satellites and inertial electric propulsion thrusting acting in the transverse directions control the in-plane and out-of-plane attitude motions. The electrostatic virtual tether between the two craft is capable of both tensile and compressive forces. Using the Lyapunov’s second method the feedback control law guarantees closed loop stability. Numerical simulations using the non-linear control law are presented for circular orbits and at an Earth–Moon collinear libration point.
Long-Range Electron Transfer at Fixed and Known Distance within Protein Complexes

Abstract We have used zinc-substituted hemoproteins to study long-range electron transfer between redox centers at fixed and known distances. The photo-excited zinc triplet state in one subunit of the α1-β2 electron transfer complex of [Zn,Fe] hybrid hemoglobin transfers an electron to its partner aquoferriheme subunit at a rate, kt=100 s−1. The temperature dependence of this electron transfer from 77K to 313K is indicative of non-adiabatic electron tunnelling in which the accompanying nuclear rearrangements proceed by nuclear tunnelling. For the complex between zinc-substituted yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) and native yeast cytochrome c , electron transfer occurs at a rate, kt=138 s−1, compared to kt = 17 s−1 in the complex between the yeast enzyme and horse cyt c . The difference demonstrates the species specificity involved in physiological electron transfer. Oxidation of ferroporphyrin by the zinc porphyrin radical is more rapid, and, for the yeast cytochrome, occurs with a rate, kh ∼ 104 s−1.
Obtaining Objective Measurements of Operator Performance with Auditory Alarms

Several acoustic pulse parameters expected to affect the perceived urgency in auditory signals were investigated in a factorial experiment for objective measures of operator performance in a complex occupational environment. 18 experienced subjects, system console operators at Kennedy Space Center, participated in the experiment where the effects of manipulation of inter-pulse interval and pulse format were evaluated for self-reported workload ratings and objective effects in complex, multi-task performance. The results confirmed the prediction of inter-pulse interval effecting reaction times. Subjective workload ratings were equal for all format and interval combinations. Accuracy of primary task measures, in terms of erroneous operator actions, was also equal for all signal combinations. A secondary tracking task was imbedded in the evaluation for workload adjustment and resource allocation measurement. The performance on the secondary task was significantly influenced by signal design, and the objectiv...
Atomic Electron Affinities

ELECTRON affinities of negative atomic ions are now being measured with increased accuracy1. The improvement of the experimental results makes a satisfactory theoretical approach to the problem more imperative than ever.
Consuming women: The representation of women in the 1940 adaptation of pride and prejudice

(2000). Consuming women: The representation of women in the 1940 adaptation of pride and prejudice. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 147-159.
Staying Alive: Strategies for Accountable Health Care

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act signed into law in March 2010, has led to sweeping changes to the US health care system. The ensuing pace of change in health care regulation is unparalleled and difficult for physicians to keep up with. Because of the extraordinary challenges that have arisen, the public policy committee of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary tract conducted a symposium at their 52nd Annual Meeting in May 2011 to educate participants on the myriad of public policy changes occurring in order to best prepare them for their future. Expert speakers presented their views on policy changes affecting diverse areas including patient safety, patient experience, hospital and provider fiscal challenges, and the life of the practicing surgeon. In all areas, surgical leadership was felt to be critical to successfully navigate the new health care landscape as surgeons have a long history of providing safe, high quality, low cost care. The recognition of shared values among the diverse constituents affected by health care policy changes will best prepare surgeons to control their own destiny and successfully manage new challenges as they emerge.
Guidelines for a scientific presentation

Guidelines for a projected scientific presentation can assist the speaker in preparing an effective audiovisual presentation. This article highlights the factors that improve the quality of an audiovisually assisted presentation and enhance successful communication.
The diagnosis and management of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Summary The simplicity of the diagnosis is stressed. Palpation of the abdominal tumor can be accomplished in 90 per cent and is the most important diagnostic point. Early diagnosis and prompt surgicaltherapy made parenteral therapy unnecessary in about 25 per cent of our patients. Details of the operation are stressed, such as incision, treatment of the tumor, hemostasis, and wound closure. A simplified postoperative feeding regimen is outlined.
The Politics of Interior Immigration Enforcement

Calif. J. Politics Policy 2014; 6(3): 381–399 Tom K. Wong* The Politics of Interior Immigration Enforcement Abstract: Who supports and who opposes legislation that seeks to tighten interior immigration enforcement among members of Congress, and why? Interior immi- gration enforcement is one of the critical, but often overlooked aspects of the com- prehensive immigration reform debate in the US. An analysis of 3330 roll call votes among U.S. House Representatives since H.R. 4437 in 2005 shows that voting pat- terns can overwhelmingly be explained by partisanship, as Republicans are sig- nificantly more likely to support tightening interior immigration enforcement than Democrats. Moreover, the only factor analyzed here that leads Republican repre- sentatives to become less likely to support stricter interior immigration enforce- ment is the size of the Hispanic/Latino population in a district. However, what the data also show is that Republicans and Democrats tend to align when it comes to opposing the most restrictive attempts to tighten interior immigration enforcement, as evidenced by bipartisan opposition to the Sullivan amendment to H.R. 4437. Keywords: immigration; interior immigration enforcement; politics; SAFE Act. DOI 10.1515/cjpp-2014-0005 1 Introduction Interior immigration enforcement is one of the critical, but often overlooked com- ponents of comprehensive immigration reform (CIR) in the US. While contentious debates over the question of how to address the status of the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the country, as well as how to secure the nation’s borders, continue to dominate the discussion, an increasing number of studies have shifted the analytical lens to the growing role that subnational actors – state and local governments, in particular – are playing in the design, implementation, and enforcement of federal immigration policies (De Genova 2002; Coleman 2007, 2012; Esbenshade 2007; Varsanyi 2008; Hopkins 2010; Ram- *Corresponding author: Tom K. Wong, University of California, San Diego, Department of ­Political Science, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA, Tel.: +16193549913, e-mail: tomkwong@ucsd.edu
Milk and arteriosclerosis

Milk consumption is related to arteriosclerosis. Recent landmark studies confirm a previously suspected close correlation between milk intake and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Support is therefore provided for a recently proposed novel hypothesis that arteriosclerosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by blue-green bacteria and that milk is a carrier vehicle for these contaminant organisms. A revisionist view of diet and milk in the causation of arteriosclerosis is developed. Previous hypotheses relating milk consumption to arteriosclerosis and advances in pasteurization techniques are discussed and integrated with this infection theory.
Mineralocorticoid Receptors and 18-Hydroxydeoxycorticosterone Binding in the Kidney of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

Mineralocorticoid excess in the form of elevated 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) has recently been implicated in some forms of genetic hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensiverats (SHR) of the Kyoto Wistar strain do not appear to secrete increased levels of this steroid compared to controls. If mineralocorticoids are etiologically involved, a plausible alternate hypothesis is that the genetic defect in these rats is an abnormality in the mineralocorticoid receptors present in target tissue. To evaluate this possibility, the renal mineralocorticoidreceptors of SHR were compared to those of normal rats (NR). Binding assays were performed with kidney slices from adrenalectomized rats utilizing 3Haldosterone and 10-fold excessunlabeled dexamethasone to prevent tracer binding to glucocorticoid sites. Scatchard analysis of 3H-aldosterone binding to the mineralocorticoid receptors revealed — NR: Kdiss(25C) = 7 × 10–10–10M and Nmnx= 1.8 × 10–14 moles/mg protein; SHR: Kdlss(25C) =9 × 10–10M and Nmnx= 1.8...
Constructive description of monogenic functions in a three-dimensional harmonic algebra with one-dimensional radical

We present a constructive description of monogenic functions that take values in a three-dimensional commutative harmonic algebra with one-dimensional radical by using analytic functions of complex variable. It is shown that monogenic functions have the Gâteaux derivatives of all orders.
A mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant toα-methyl- andα-difluoromethylornithine

We describe a mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells which is resistant to elevated levels of α-methylornithine and α-difluoromethylornithine, reversible and enzymeactivated irreversible inhibitors, respectively, of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The mutant cells have significantly elevated levels of enzyme activity compared to wildtype cells, but several of the physical parameters of the enzyme are completely normal: Michaelis-Menten parameter, Km, affinity for the analog, and half-life. The temporal regulation of this activity in synchronized cells is not perturbed, and the suppression of ODC activity by the addition of putrescine is still observed. Indirect experiments suggest increased concentrations of ODC mRNA in the mutant cells.
Developing an infrastructure for hydrogen vehicles: a Southern California case study

Abstract We have examined the technical feasibility and economics of developing a hydrogen vehicle refueling infrastructure for a specific area where zero emission vehicles are being considered, Southern California. Potential hydrogen demands for zero emission vehicles are estimated. We then assess in detail several near term possibilities for producing and delivering gaseous hydrogen transportation fuel including: (1) hydrogen produced from natural gas in a large, centralized steam reforming plant, and truck delivered as a liquid to refueling stations; (2) hydrogen produced in a large, centralized steam reforming plant, and delivered via small scale hydrogen gas pipeline to refueling stations; (3) by-product hydrogen from chemical industry sources; (4) hydrogen produced at the refueling station via small scale steam reforming of natural gas; and (5) hydrogen produced via small scale electrolysis at the refueling station. The capital cost of infrastructure and the delivered cost of hydrogen are estimated for each hydrogen supply option. Hydrogen is compared to other fuels for fuel cell vehicles (methanol, gasoline) in terms of vehicle cost, infrastructure cost and lifecycle cost of transportation. Finally, we discuss possible scenarios for introducing hydrogen as a fuel for fuel cell vehicles.
The thermometry of enstatite chondrites: A brief review and update

— Due to the discoveries in Antarctica, the number of known enstatite chondrites has doubled in the last few years, and many rare or previously unknown types have been collected, most notably many EL3 and EH3 chondrites. We have applied the five major enstatite chondrite thermometers to the new and previously known enstatite chondrites, the thermometers being: (1) kamacite-quartz-enstatite-oldhamite-troilite (KQEOT), (2) oldhamite, (3) alabandite-niningerite, (4) sphalerite, and (5) phosphide-metal. Measured temperatures based on the KQEOT and oldhamite systems are 800 °C-1000 °C with the type 3 enstatite chondrites having values similar to those of type 4–6. It seems likely that these temperatures relate to events prior to parent body metamorphism, such as nebula condensation or chondrule formation, and were not significantly reset by later events. Measured temperatures for alabandite-niningerite, metal-phosphide and sphalerite in EH chondrites increase from 300 °C-400 °C to 600 °C-800 °C with petrographic indications of increasing metamorphism. In contrast, measured temperatures for all EL chondrites, including the most heavily metamorphosed, are generally <400 °C. Apparently EL chondrites cooled more slowly than the EH chondrites regardless of metamorphism experienced. Measured temperatures for the alabandite-niningerite, metal-phosphide and sphalerite are actually closure temperatures for the last thermal event suffered by the meteorite, and the fast cooling rates indicated are most consistent with processes occurring in thick regoliths.
Descriptive sensory analysis of broiler breast fillets marinated in phosphate, salt, and acid solutions

Sensory attributes of fully aged broiler breast fillets marinated in a 6% NaCl solution containing 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (2P), 2% citric acid (2C), 2% acetic acid (2A), 1% citric acid plus 1% phosphate solution (1C), or 1% acetic acid solution plus 1% phosphate (1A) were studied. A 6% NaCl (6S) solution with no additives was used as control. Oven-cooked samples (177C degrees oven; 75 degrees C internal temperature) were evaluated by a 9-member trained descriptive analysis sensory panel that rated the intensities of 26 different flavor and texture attributes using 15-point line scales. Data were analyzed using general linear model SAS procedures to determine significant differences (P < or = 0.05) in individual sensory attributes due to marinade treatment. All sensory attributes were scored in the low intensity range (1.5 to 5.0). Brothy, vinegar, and residual particles were the only individual attributes rated significantly different (P < or = 0.05) due to treatment. Multivariate analyses indicated that all sensory attributes formed 2 dimensions that explained 57% of variation in the data. The low intensity values for texture attributes indicated possible negative consequences due to phosphates, salt, and acids when used with fully aged fillets.
Evaluation of a Barrier Confinement System for Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Production

An in-pond confinement system to separate channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, by size within a single pond provides an opportunity for improved growth of understocked fish in ponds with larger market-sized fish. A barrier of polyvinyl chloride–coated galvanized wire mesh was constructed in five 0.10-ha earthen ponds to partition the pond into one-third and two-third sections, while five other 0.10-ha ponds were left as traditional open ponds for a control. To evaluate catfish performance in this confinement system, fingerlings (25 g) were stocked at 14,820/ha into the smaller one-third section of the barrier and carryover fish (408 g) at 2580 kg/ha into the larger two-third section of the barrier. The control ponds were stocked with the same sizes and numbers of fish in a traditional earthen pond without a barrier. Yield, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), growth, and economics were compared between treatments. Fingerling yields were greater in the barrier system that allowed fingerlings to be separated physically from larger carryover fish. There were no differences in yield of carryover fish, survival, FCR, or growth between the control and the barrier ponds. Partial budget analysis revealed a positive net change of $367/ha or $38,125 for a 104-ha catfish farm (at a market price of $1.54/kg of additional stockers produced). The value of the greater weight of understocked fish produced in the barrier system was greater than the annualized cost of installing the barrier, for farmers raising fish in multiple batch. Thus, on an experimental basis, the confinement system was economically profitable; however, trials on commercial farms are needed to evaluate performance on a larger scale.
Formation of phenol and thiocatechol metabolites from bromobenzene premercapturic acids through pyridoxal phosphate-dependent C-S lyase activity

When N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-4-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cystein e (4-S-premercapturic acid) and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-5-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cystein e (3-S-premercapturic acid) were used as substrates in incubations with Hartley guinea pig kidney 9000 g supernatant preparations, the major products were the corresponding S-(2-hydroxy-4-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cysteine and S-(2-hydroxy-5-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cysteine. At the end of the incubation period, the percentage recovery of these N-deacetylate cysteine conjugates accounted for 77 +/- 2% of the substrates, 3-S- and 4-S-premercapturic acids. Removal of the N-acetyl group from premercapturic acids to form the corresponding cysteine conjugates by kidney N-deacetylase(s) showed no preference with respect to the 3-S- and 4-S-positional isomeric conjugates. Other metabolites which included the known sulfur-containing acids, mercaptolactate and mercaptoacetate, were also detected. 3- and 4-Bromophenol and 3- and 4-bromothioanisole were also formed. The addition of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate to the kidney incubation mixture resulted in a 5-fold increase in the formation of phenols and thioanisoles, along with four different isomeric O- and S-methylated 3-S-and 4-S-bromothiocatechols and two S-methylated 3-S- and 4-S-bromodihydrobenzene thiolols. This result indicated that a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent C-S lyase(s) is involved in the formation of both phenol and thiophenolic metabolites from S-(2-hydroxy-4-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cysteine and S-(2-hydroxy-5-bromocyclohexa-3,5-dienyl)-L-cysteine. Guinea pig liver 9000 g supernatant preparations did not N-deacetylate the 3-S- and 4-S-premercapturic acids to the same extent as kidney preparations, and this may account for decreased conversion of 3-S- and 4-S-premercapturic acids to 3- and 4-bromophenol and to thiophenolic products by liver preparations.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUID FLOW THROUGH A VERTICAL TUBE INTO A SEALED TANK FILLED WITH GAS

Abstract This paper describes a model of the unsteady filling process that occurs when liquid entraps air in sealed lank vented by a vertical round tube. A mathematical model is developed to predict the pressure fluctuation of the closed tank and the rate of transfer of liquid into the tank. A drift-flux model is used to describe the two-phase effects in the tube with particular attention being focused on the boundary condition at the bottom of the tube. The experimental setup consists of flow of water from a constant head reservoir into a sealed tank through a single vertical tube. The pressure in the sealed tank is measured using a pressure transducer. Experiments are run with tubes of varying diameter and lengths. The agreement of the theoretical model with the experimentally measured pressure fluctuation is quite good.
HIV Infection—Related Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

Several aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-related tuberculosis (TB) and its treatment differ from those of TB in HIV-uninfected persons. The risk of TB and the clinical and radiographic manifestations of disease are primary examples. Antiretroviral therapy has a profound effect on lowering the risk of TB in HIV-infected persons, but it can also be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory disease and unmasking of previously subclinical disease. There are also differences in treatment of HIV infection-related TB because of overlapping drug toxicities and drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral therapy and anti-TB therapy.
Equivalent Tapped Delay Line Channel Responses with Reduced Taps

Typically, a multipath channel response can be characterized as a sum of Rayleigh-fading ''rays'', each defined by a time delay and a mean-square amplitude. Therefore, the channel response can be largely described by a power delay profile (PDP), which is the set of mean-square ray amplitudes and relative delays. Here, we address the following question: Given an actual (or ''true'') PDP, PDP(τ), which may have many rays, is there a 3-ray (i.e. 3- tap) equivalent response, derivable from PDP(τ), that can be used to accurately estimate the average bit error rate, , vs. receiver input signal- to-noise ratio, SNR? The results reported here give an affirmative answer, e.g., for values down to = 10-4, the required SNR using a 3-tap equivalent channel response is less than 1.1 dB larger than that required for the ''true'' channel. This agreement can be improved upon, suggesting further work on deriving and evaluating equivalent 3-tap channels. We discuss the benefits of such simplifications for hardware emulators as well as for simulation and analysis.
Analysis of Continuous-Time Digital Signal Processors

Continuous-time digital signal processors avoid sampling, and thus do not suffer from aliasing of the signal, or of aliasing down of out-of-band distortion components, arising from quantization, into the band of interest. The reduction of in-band distortion is derived analytically for certain symmetric inputs and is discussed for input processes with a Gaussian amplitude probability density function. It is demonstrated that processing in continuous time yields a 9 dB improvement of in-band signal-to-distortion ratio per added bit of quantizer resolution for both input classes examined, compared to a 6 dB per bit improvement in sampled systems.
Assessing the predictive ability of the test-positive findings of an elementary school vision screening.

ABSTRACT: Purpose. The purpose of this study is to assess the predictive ability of the test-positive findings of an elementary school vision screening program, conducted by 2nd-year optometry students, in identifying children with eye or vision disorders. Methods. A modified version of the Modified Clinical Technique (MCT) vision screening was administered to elementary children from a below-average socioeconomic neighborhood in Houston, Texas. Comprehensive eye and vision examinations were provided to the available children who failed the vision screening. The screening was administered by groups of 2nd-year optometry students with the assistance of a 4th-year optometry student, and supervised by a faculty member licensed to practice optometry. The follow-up examinations were provided by supervised 4th-year optometry students in a clinical setting based at the elementary school. Positive predictive values calculated from the screening and examination findings estimate the probability that a failure on one or more of the screening tests would identify children with eye or vision disorders. Results. Sixty-nine percent of the test-positive children examined were found to be true positives by the criteria developed in a study of vision screening methods in Orinda, California from 1954 through 1956. Conclusions. The predictive ability of this study's test-positive findings for identifying eye and vision disorders was found to be less than the predictive ability of the Orinda Study findings. This reduced predictive ability of the present study resulted in a larger number of children being overreferred for examinations than had occurred in the Orinda Study. The reduction in the ability of the test-positive findings of the current study's screening program to identify accurately children with eye and vision problems is most likely due to the limited experience of the optometry students conducting the screening program. The inability of this retrospective study to evaluate the accuracy of the test-negatives is a major limitation in assessing the total effectiveness of this vision screening program. Although the present study may indicate some value in optometry students conducting elementary vision screening programs, a prospective study which could assess the predictive ability of both test-positive and test-negative findings, as well as determine the sensitivity and specificity of the screening program, is needed to assess more fully the effectiveness of school vision screening programs using professional students.
Social capital as a determinant of self-rated health and psychological well-being.

Objective To examine whether specific dimensions of social capital are related to self-rated health and psychological well-being.
Haemostasis prophylaxis using single dose desmopressin acetate and extended use epsilon aminocaproic acid for adenotonsillectomy in patients with type 1 von Willebrand disease.

Summary. In patients with confirmed or suspected type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD), adenotonsillectomy has been reported to be associated with a rate of peri-operative hemorrhage between 8 and 23%. Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP, 1-deamino 8-D arginine- vasopressin) is the treatment of choice for type 1 patients with baseline von Willebrand factor levels of 10 IU/dL or greater. DDAVP is generally well tolerated; however, severe hyponatremia and seizures have been reported in young children less than 2 years of age, limiting its use in this age group. Antifibrinolytic therapy plays an important adjunctive role in the effective treatment of mucocutaneous bleeding, particularly in the oropharynx where the salivary concentration of fibrinolytic enzymes is high. During the past 10 years, we treated 6 pediatric patients with mild/moderate type 1 VWD undergoing an adenotonsillar procedure at our institution with the same hemostatic regimen consisting of one single dose of DDAVP and an extended use of EACA. In this small case series, the above mentioned prophylactic treatment regimen was both well tolerated and efficacious in controlling hemorrhage. Furthermore, DDAVP-related complications were avoided in a pediatric population with a higher risk of developing them.
Frictional Study of Woven Fabrics: The Relationship between the Friction and Velocity of Testing

A simple friction factor has been devised to characterize the frictional properties of textile materials. The friction factor enables universal comparisons among differ- ent textile materials. A poly(methyl methacrylate) sled has been used as a standard friction substrate to characterize the friction of a woven cotton fabric. The influence of the veloc- ity of testing on the frictional characteristics has been stud- ied in detail with the novel friction factor. This study elab- orates the relationship between the speed of testing and the new fabric friction factor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2420 -2424, 2004
COP9 signalosome subunit 8 is essential for peripheral T cell homeostasis and antigen receptor-induced entry into the cell cycle from quiescence.

COP9 signalosome subunit 8 is essential for peripheral T cell homeostasis and antigen receptor–induced entry into the cell cycle from quiescence
A concurrent neural network algorithm for the traveling salesman problem

A binary neuromorphic data structure is used to encode the N — city Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). In this representation the computational complexity, in terms of number of neurons, is reduced from Hopfield and Tank's O(N2) to O(N log2 N). A continuous synchronous neural network algorithm in conjunction with the LaGrange multiplier, is used to solve the problem. The algorithm has been implemented on the NCUBE hypercube multiprocessor. This algorithm converges faster and has a higher probability to reach a valid tour than previously available results.
IDEA Requirements for Use of PBS Guidelines for Responsible Agencies

Positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBS; is the federal law's preferred strategy for dealing with challenging behaviors of students with disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires PBS to be considered in all cases of students whose behavior impedes their learning or the learning of others, reflecting IDEA's preference for use of state-of-the-art technology in special education. This article explains the legal ramifications of these requirements for responsible agencies, including schools, school boards, other local educational agencies, and state educational agencies .
Targeted Disruption of the Acid α-Glucosidase Gene in Mice Causes an Illness with Critical Features of Both Infantile and Adult Human Glycogen Storage Disease Type II *

We have used gene targeting to create a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type II, a disease in which distinct clinical phenotypes present at different ages. As in the severe human infantile disease (Pompe Syndrome), mice homozygous for disruption of the acid α-glucosidase gene (6neo/6neo) lack enzyme activity and begin to accumulate glycogen in cardiac and skeletal muscle lysosomes by 3 weeks of age, with a progressive increase thereafter. By 3.5 weeks of age, these mice have markedly reduced mobility and strength. They grow normally, however, reach adulthood, remain fertile, and, as in the human adult disease, older mice accumulate glycogen in the diaphragm. By 8–9 months of age animals develop obvious muscle wasting and a weak, waddling gait. This model, therefore, recapitulates critical features of both the infantile and the adult forms of the disease at a pace suitable for the evaluation of enzyme or gene replacement. In contrast, in a second model, mutant mice with deletion of exon 6 (Δ6/Δ6), like the recently published acid α-glucosidase knockout with disruption of exon 13 (Bijvoet, A. G., van de Kamp, E. H., Kroos, M., Ding, J. H., Yang, B. Z., Visser, P., Bakker, C. E., Verbeet, M. P., Oostra, B. A., Reuser, A. J. J., and van der Ploeg, A. T. (1998) Hum. Mol. Genet. 7, 53–62), have unimpaired strength and mobility (up to 6.5 months of age) despite indistinguishable biochemical and pathological changes. The genetic background of the mouse strains appears to contribute to the differences among the three models.
Junction Temperature Prediction of a Multiple-chip IGBT Module under DC Condition

This paper develops a thermal model for a six-pack insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power module operating as a three phase voltage source inverter. With this model, the temperature of each chip can be derived directly from the losses of the silicon chips and a thermal impedance matrix. The losses of each chip can be calculated through the voltage and current information of the power module. The impedance model can be easily transferred into a micro-processor to predict the online chip temperatures. It largely increases the temperature accuracy when the inverter operates at zero or low output frequency. Theory analysis, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of this model.
P40.10: Nomograms of the fetal neck circumference and area throughout gestation

Objective. The purpose of this study was to create reference range nomograms of the axial fetal neck circumference (FNC) and fetal neck area (FNA) throughout gestation. Methods. This prospective crosssectional study involved pregnant patients between 14 and 40 weeks’ gestation. Inclusion criteria consisted of well-established dates (confirmed by early sonography) and nonanomalous singleton fetuses with intact fetal membranes. Sonographic measurements included biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, humerus length, transcerebellar diameter, and sonographically estimated fetal weight. Axial FNC and FNA values were calculated as means of 3 separate measurements. The 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were estimated at each week of gestational age (GA) by least squares regression for the mean and SD of the FNC and FNA as functions of GA. R 2 and associated P values for the relationships between the FNC, FNA, and other sonographic biometric measurements were calculated. Results. The study included 720 consecutive patients. The mean maternal age ± SD was 27.3 ± 6.6 years; median gravidity, 3 (range, 1‐13); and median parity, 1 (range, 0‐10). The following equations were devised: mean FNC (centimeters) = ‐11.85 + 1.687 × GA (weeks) ‐ 0.043 × GA 2 + 0.0004951 × GA 3 ; SD FNC = 3.15 ‐ 0.3823 × GA + 0.01733 × GA 2 ‐ 0.0002179 × GA 3 ; mean FNA (square centimeters) = 37.29 ‐ 7.0 × GA + 0.4717 × GA 2 ‐ 0.01245 × GA 3 + 0.0001222 × GA 4 ; and SD FNA = 7.08 ‐ 0.9413 × GA + 0.04135 × GA 2 ‐ 0.0004829 × GA 3 . Both the FNC and FNA
Getting evidence-based teaching practices into mathematics departments: blueprint or fantasy?

H ow do you teach mathematics in your college classes? Are undergraduate classes taught the same as graduate classes? Do you teach mathematics as you were taught? Are your instructional practices aligned with what research says about how students learn mathematics? Do you use evidence-based instructional practices? That is, does evidence exist that your instructional practices help students learn the mathematics you are teaching? How often do you exchange ideas about teaching mathematics with colleagues? The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion among college faculty about effective instructional practices with the intent of improving the teaching and student learning of mathematics.
The GHS grid scheduling system: implementation and performance comparison

Effective task scheduling and deployment is hard to achieve in a grid environment, where computing resources are heterogamous and shared between local and grid users without a central control. Current scheduling systems, such as AppLeS, use NWS (network weather service) for short-term estimation of resource availability and do not address the influence of the variation of resource availability in task scheduling. These inherent limitations prevent existing scheduling systems from working effectively to solve large-scale tasks in a grid environment. Adopting APST (AppLeS parameter sweep template) as the deployment environment, we have developed a task scheduling system for large-scale applications based on our recent results in performance prediction and task scheduling. Preliminary experimental results show that the newly developed system works well and is significantly more appropriate for large applications than existing systems.
Specific enzymatic assay for D-glucarate in human serum.

Abstract A sensitive and specific spectrophotometric assay was developed to determine levels of d -glucarate in human serum. This assay makes use of the Escherichia coli glucarate catabolic enzymes d -glucarate dehydrase, α-keto-β-deoxy- d -glucarate aldolase, and tartronate semialdehyde (TSA) reductase, to convert d -glucarate to equimolar quantities of pyruvate and TSA. In a one-tube reaction that included NADH, lactate dehydrogenase, and the three E. coli enzymes, 1 μmol of d -glucarate was quantitatively converted to 1 μmol each of d -glycerate and l -lactate with concomitant utilization of 2 μmol of NADH. Using this method, d -glucarate in serum was measured, along with quantitative recovery of authentic d -glucarate from duplicate serum samples to which it had been added. Glucarate is a major serum organic acid, approximating blood pyruvate levels previously determined by others.
Patterns of delinquent careers: An assessment of three perspectives☆

The literature on careers of juvenile delinquents has been divided as to whether or not career specialization occurs. It has recently been proposed that the careers of delinquents may be viewed as arising from a Markov process with the observed arrest histories the result of a series of stochastic events. This approach has considerable appeal for it provides a wealth of information about criminal behavior, including predictions concerning the length and diversification of a delinquent career, the long-run distribution of various types of crimes, the extent of specialization in delinquency, and offense switching over the course of a delinquent career. In the present paper, the career patterns for a sample of highly delinquent, incarcerated juveniles are investigated. Although some support is found for specialization in delinquent careers, especially among robbery offenders, the findings generally support situational theories of crime.
Enolase-1 as a plasminogen receptor

In this issue of Blood , Wygrecka and colleagues assign a major role to cell-surface enolase-1 as a plasminogen receptor, mediating LPS-induced invasion of monocytes into lungs in mice and humans. Over the past decade, studies conducted in plasminogen-deficient mice have created a compelling case
Diagnosing Infection in the Failed Joint Replacement: A Comparison of Coincidence Detection 18F-FDG and 111In-Labeled Leukocyte/99mTc-Sulfur Colloid Marrow Imaging

The objectives of this study were to investigate 18F-FDG imaging, using a coincidence detection system, for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection and to compare it with combined 111In-labeled leukocyte/99mTc-sulfur colloid marrow imaging in patients with failed lower extremity joint replacements. Methods: Fifty-nine patients—with painful, failed, lower extremity joint prostheses, 40 hip and 19 knee—who underwent 18F-FDG, labeled leukocyte, and bone marrow imaging, and had histopathologic and microbiologic confirmation of the final diagnosis, formed the basis of this investigation. 18F-FDG images were interpreted as positive for infection using 4 different criteria: criterion 1: any periprosthetic activity, regardless of location or intensity; criterion 2: periprosthetic activity on the 18F-FDG image, without corresponding activity on the marrow image; criterion 3: only bone–prosthesis interface activity, regardless of intensity; criterion 4: semiquantitative analysis—a lesion-to-background ratio was generated, and the cutoff value yielding the highest accuracy for determining the presence of infection was determined. Labeled leukocyte/marrow images were interpreted as positive for infection when periprosthetic activity was present on the labeled leukocyte image without corresponding activity on the marrow image. Results: Twenty-five (42%) prostheses, 14 hip and 11 knee, were infected. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-FDG, by criterion, were as follows: criterion 1: 100%, 9%, 47%; criterion 2: 96%, 35%, 61%; criterion 3: 52%, 44%, 47%; criterion 4: 36%, 97%, 71%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of labeled leukocyte/marrow imaging were 100%, 91%, and 95%, respectively. WBC/marrow imaging, which was more accurate than any of the 18F-FDG criteria for all prostheses, as well as for hips and knees separately, was significantly more sensitive than criterion 3 (P
Non-convulsive status epilepticus: usefulness of clinical features in selecting patients for urgent EEG

Background: Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is status epilepticus without obvious tonic–clonic activity. Patients with NCSE have altered mental state. An EEG is needed to confirm the diagnosis, but obtaining an EEG on every patient with altered mental state is not practical. Objective: To determine whether clinical features could be used to predict which patients were more likely to be in NCSE and thus in need of an urgent EEG. Methods: Over a six month period, all patients for whom an urgent EEG was ordered to identify NCSE were enrolled. Neurology residents examined the patients and filled out a questionnaire without knowledge of the EEG results. The patients were divided into two groups, NCSE and non-NCSE, depending on the EEG result. The clinical features were compared between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the features were calculated. Results: 48 patients were enrolled, 12 in NCSE and 36 not in NCSE. Remote risk factors for seizures, severely impaired mental state, and ocular movement abnormalities were seen significantly more often in the NCSE group. The combined sensitivity of remote risk factors for seizures and ocular movement abnormalities was 100%. Conclusions: There are certain clinical features that are more likely to be present in patients in NCSE compared with other types of encephalopathy. Either remote risk factors for seizures or ocular movement abnormalities were seen in all patients in NCSE. These features may be used to select which patients should have an urgent EEG.
Various calibration algorithms for self-calibration A/D converters

Error cancellation of capacitor arrays in self-calibrating, successive approximation A/D converters is discussed. The two known methods are based on iterative sequential computation of the correction voltages used during A/D conversion. The original method employs one calibration capacitor, whereas the modified method requires N calibration capacitors for the N-bit converter. An algorithm is presented for determining the correction voltages, based on two source voltages generated by precision D/A converters. This allows direct measurement with no need for long sequential computations. >
Eddy currents in micromagnetic calculations

The design of high-speed recording heads requires one to consider the effect of eddy currents on performance. Experiments have shown that even for very thin laminations, there is an appreciable eddy current effect for high recording frequencies. A technique is suggested for including these effects in a micromagnetic calculation. This technique has been implemented in a finite difference calculation and some results are presented. The structure of the computational algorithm is considerably different from conventional eddy current calculations.
Oxygen Ion Conductivity in a New Class of Layered Bismuth Oxide Compounds

Compounds that consist of intergrowths between the Aurivillius phase Bi4Ti3O12 and brownmillerite-like slabs of BaMO2.5 were synthesized and their oxygen ion conductivities investigated. Both BaBi4Ti3ScO14.5 and BaBi4Ti3lnO14.5 display a discontinuity in their Arrhenius plots that appears to be caused by an oxygen vacancy order-disorder transition. Conductivity data for two Aurivillius phases BaBi4Ti4O15 and BaBi2Nb2O9 are included for comparison.
Employer Assessment of the College Graduate: What Advisors Need to Know

Effective advising includes communicating to students the attributes employers seek and the signals they use in detecting those attributes. Using an Internet survey of more than 400 college graduate employers, this study asks employers how useful various signals are in determining job candidates' level of attributes including number crunching ability, character, communication skills, problem solving skills, and an ability to work well with others. Examples of signals include the personal interview, grades, participation in university clubs, and others. The personal interview emerged as the most important signal for all attributes, suggesting advisors should seriously stress the importance of the interview to students.
Relationship of declining mussel biodiversity to stream-reach and watershed characteristics in an agricultural landscape

AbstractFreshwater mussels are among the most rapidly declining components of global biodiversity, but causes of local species disappearances are frequently unknown. We estimated decade-scale local extinction by resampling 118 stream reaches representing the best mussel habitat across a region that was once rich in species and is now mostly converted from prairies and riparian woodlands to intensive agriculture (Iowa, USA). Average species richness was reduced from >5 to 75% of their species. Although 5 of the species were found at 20% to 140% more sites in 1998 than 1984 to 1985, 29 species (83%) decreased an average of 80% in geographic coverage, whereas 8 species were completely lost from these stream sites. Correlation analyses with reach and watershed characteristics determined using GIS and local sampling methods linked t...
Regional Variation in Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in the United States, NHANES

We examined serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among geographical regions of the United States as defined by the US Census Bureau. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for adults aged 20 years and older are presented for selected survey periods between 1999 and 2010. From NHANES 1999 through 2004, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) concentration levels were consistently higher among people living in the West than in the Midwest, Northeast, or South. In 2003–2010, perfluorinated compound concentrations tended to be highest in the South. The sum of 35 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners was significantly higher in the Northeast [GM: 189; 95% CI: 173–204 ng/g lipid] than the remaining regions. The regional differences in higher body burdens of exposure to particular POPs could be attributed to a variety of activities, including region-specific patterns of land use and industrial and agricultural chemical applications, as well as different levels of regulatory activity.
Serum Arginase Activity.

SummarySerum arginase activity has been determined in 34 healthy blood donors. A mean value 0.06 ± 0.09 μmole urea formed/ml serum was found with a range of .00 to 0.36 μmole. In sera of 19 patients with proven or suspected liver disease the mean arginase activity was 1.36 with a range of .00 to 6.08 μmoles formed/ml serum under the condition of assay.