cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiohepatic Interactions in Heart Failure: An Overview and Clinical Implications.

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem leading to frequent hospitalizations, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. Heart failure leads to a chronic inability to meet metabolic requirements of end organs or skeletal muscle. Current literature lacks comprehensive descriptions of HF effects on hepatic function. In this review paper, we summarize the literature that is available in hopes of highlighting the key differences in clinical presentation, histological findings, and biochemical profiles of patients who present with both acute and chronic liver injury secondary to HF. We further discuss the use of liver function tests as prognostic markers in patients with HF, as well as the implications of liver injury on drug metabolism in this patient population. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding the management of both types of liver injury in HF patients.
Spiral Advancement Skin Flap for Stomal Revision

AbstractThe spiral advancement skin flap procedure for stomal revision is a simple technique when the size of the skin defect must be reduced. The technique is described herein.
Scaling Limits on All-Spin Logic

Scaling limits on all-spin logic (ASL) are theoretically studied using the spin circuit theory and the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation under the macrospin approximation. It is found that as ASL circuits are scaled, the device delay significantly increases due to a stronger dipole coupling between the input and the output magnets. The effect of the dipole interaction can be mitigated by increasing the input current and by using smaller magnets with stronger material anisotropy and weaker saturation magnetization. Furthermore, the presence of the leakage current modifies the device delay. Finally, both delay and energy of ASL dramatically increase as the shunt path is shortened. Possible solutions to eliminate the leakage current and the shunt path are discussed.
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion impairs neurogenesis and hippocampal-dependent learning and memory

The incidence of cognitive impairment in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients has increased, adversely impacting quality of life and imposing a significant economic burden. Brain imaging of CVD patients has detected changes in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for normal learning and memory. However, it is not clear whether adverse cardiac events or other associated co-morbidities impair cognition. Here, using a murine model of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), where the coronary artery was occluded for 30min followed by reperfusion, we tested the hypothesis that acute myocardial infarction triggers impairment in cognitive function. Two months following cardiac I/R, behavioral assessments specific for hippocampal cognitive function were performed. Mice subjected to cardiac I/R performed worse in the fear-conditioning paradigm as well as the object location memory behavioral test compared to sham-operated mice. Reactive gliosis was apparent in the hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus 72h post-cardiac I/R as compared with sham, which was sustained two months post-cardiac I/R. Consistent with the inflammatory response, the abundance of doublecortin positive newborn neurons was decreased in the dentate gyrus 72h and 2months post-cardiac I/R as compared with sham. Therefore, we conclude that following acute myocardial infarction, rapid inflammatory responses negatively affect neurogenesis, which may underlie long-term changes in learning and memory.
Small Molecule-Induced Proximity

Every cell in a living organism is like a tiny chemical reaction vessel. Although the cell is far smaller in size than a typical chemical reaction flask, the complexity of the reactions is remarkable and highly coordinated. A typical chemical reaction in the laboratory usually has a few well-defined chemical reactants; in contrast, there are millions of different biological molecules coexisting at any moment in a cell. How does the cell control the selectivity of interactions between two or a few biomolecules among the seas of others? To solve this problem, Nature evolved delicate mechanisms to control the proximity between cellular molecules to regulate their interactions. In a laboratory chemical reaction, chemical reactants are often mixed together in micromolar to molar (μM to M) concentrations. Such a high concentration is used to facilitate the chemical reaction. However, under such conditions, the reactive functional moieties in each molecule have to be carefully designed and manipulated to prevent unwanted side reactions. In a cell, however, most of the biological molecules typically exist in nanomolar to micromolar (nM to μM) concentrations. In such a low concentration, the chance of efficient interactions between biomolecules is very low unless assisted by special cellular mechanisms to bring specific biomolecules into proximity to promote their interactions; for example, the dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases in the presence of extracellular stimuli to trigger intracellular signaling [1], or the synthesis of proteins using mRNA as templates and dedicated cellular machineries to bring correct building blocks in order into proximity to produce proteins with accurate sequences. In fact, many protein domains have evolved to mediate the proximity between different biomolecules. For example, the SH2 domain recognizes the phosphotyrosine residue, the bromo or the PHD domain recognizes acetylated or methylated histone tails, the PAZ domain binds the 3′-overhangs of small interfering (si)RNA, or a DNA-binding domain recognizes a specific DNA sequence. These recognition domains direct individual catalytic or effective domains to specific action locations and regulate downstream cellular processes. Nature uses such proximity control in combination with allostery and other mechanism to regulate complex arrays of biological events [2].
Causes and mitigation strategies of surface hydrocarbon leaks at heavy-oil fields: examples from Alberta and California

Identification and mitigation of leaks of subsurface fluids such as hydrocarbons at many heavy-oil fields is a first-order concern to operating companies, their regulators and the public. A variety of leaks have been documented at heavy-oil fields in Alberta (Canada) and California (USA). Although the petroleum geology and tectonic framework of fields in these areas differ significantly, production-related uplift of overburden and dilation of pre-existing fractures due to cyclic steam injection are likely to have facilitated the leakage events. As a result, integration of overburden characterization and monitoring with management of steam pressures may provide an effective means of risk mitigation of major leakage events.
Affirmative and Responsible Health Care for People with Nonconforming Gender Identities and Expressions

Physicians should extend gender-affirming treatment to gender-nonconforming people, who experience discrimination and health disparities.
Role of CPS1 in cell growth, metabolism, and prognosis in LKB1-inactivated lung adenocarcinoma

Background Liver kinase B1 ( LKB1 ) is a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). We investigated the proteomic profiles of 45 LADC cell lines with and without LKB1 inactivation. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), the first rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme in the urea cycle, was distinctively overexpressed in LKB1-inactivated LADC cell lines. We therefore assessed the role of CPS1 and its clinical relevance in LKB1-inactivated LADC. Methods Mass spectrometric profiling of proteome and metabolome and function of CPS1 were analyzed in LADC cell lines. CPS1 and LKB1 expression in tumors from 305 LADC and 160 lung squamous cell carcinoma patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to assess the association between overall survival and CPS1 and LKB1 expression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results CPS1 knockdown reduced cell growth, decreased metabolite levels associated with nucleic acid biosynthesis pathway, and contributed an additive effect when combined with gemcitabine, pemetrexed, or CHK1 inhibitor AZD7762. Tissue microarray analysis revealed that CPS1 was expressed in 65.7% of LKB1-negative LADC, and only 5.0% of LKB1-positive LADC. CPS1 expression showed statistically significant association with poor overall survival in LADC (hazard ratio = 3.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.74 to 5.25, P < .001). Conclusions Our findings suggest functional relevance of CPS1 in LKB1-inactivated LADC and association with worse outcome of LADC. CPS1 is a promising therapeutic target in combination with other chemotherapy agents, as well as a prognostic biomarker, enabling a personalized approach to treatment of LADC.
Understanding High Utilization of Unscheduled Care in Pregnant Women of Low Socioeconomic Status

Abstract Background Pregnant high utilizers of unscheduled care may be at particular risk for poor perinatal outcomes, but the drivers of this association have not been explored from the patient perspective. Purpose We sought to understand maternal preference for unscheduled hospital-based obstetric care to inform interventions and improve value of publicly funded care during pregnancy. Methods We conducted a comparative qualitative analysis of in-depth semistructured interviews. Low-income pregnant women presenting to an inner city hospital-based obstetric triage unit were purposively sampled, categorized as either high or low utilizers of unscheduled care, and interviewed about challenges faced in obtaining pregnancy care and reasons for choosing between unscheduled versus scheduled care delivery. Results Demographically, high utilizers were similar to low utilizers, but were more likely to report adverse childhood experiences (p = .01). All 40 participants reported resource constraints and perceived hospital-based unscheduled obstetric care to be more accessible than outpatient prenatal care. Beyond this, high (n = 20) and low (n = 20) utilizer narratives differed significantly. Two distinct high utilizer profiles emerged. Some high utilizers repetitively used unscheduled hospital-based services owing to psychosocial determinants. Other high utilizing participants were driven by severe experiences of illness insufficiently addressed by outpatient prenatal care. Low utilizer narratives demonstrated high self-efficacy and social support compared with high utilizers. Conclusions Low-value, unscheduled, hospital-based care utilization by pregnant women of low socioeconomic status was driven by unmet clinical and psychosocial need. Implications for Policy and/or Practice Tailored community-focused innovations that use unscheduled visits as signals of risk may improve value of both outpatient and inpatient maternity care and better address adverse perinatal outcomes in vulnerable subgroups.
A comparison of wind–tunnel experiments and computational simulations of dispersion in the environs of buildings

A comparison is made between wind–tunnel experiments and computer (CFD) simulations of the dispersion of buoyant and dense gas releases, close to one or more buildings. The simulations were undertaken on a work–station platform, using a standard commercial CFD code, and were subject to realistic constraints on run–times and model sizes. Good agreement is found for the simplest case, although it is noted that the simulations still contain significant numerical diffusion errors. Poorer agreement is found for the geometrically more complex cases. It is concluded that accurate simulation of the dispersion of a buoyant or dense gas cloud in the environs of one or more irregularly shaped buildings is too ambitious on a work–station platform at the present time.
Professionalism and appropriate expression of empathy when breaking bad news.

Responding appropriately to patients' emotional cues requires mindfulness, clinical experience, and a concerted effort to understand and learn from one's own emotional reactions after intense patient encounters.
Critical Issues for Qualitative Research

Academic qualitative research requires current social commitment of resources. Such commitment is waning. Qualitative research traditionally has been underwritten by a liberal understanding of the importance of culture, in turn dependent on an imaginary of the nation as the heart of social life. Politically, the sovereign nation state cannot organize "culture" in an integrated Europe or a global "City of Gold." Socioeconomically, academic accreditation is the site of competition for employment, and therefore tends to be utilitarian. Institutionally, the University is structured around the figure of the bureaucratic administrator rather than the scholar. Qualitative research is likely to survive, albeit marginally, for reasons including inertia institutional prestige, and concerns for diversity and identity. In theory, however, qualitative research could animate a new understanding of the University as a site for critically addressing the global contemporary.
Two-dimensional correlation and codistribution spectroscopy (2DCOS and 2DCDS) analyses of time-dependent ATR IR spectra of d-glucose anomers undergoing mutarotation process in water

Two cyclic diastereoisomeric structures, known as α- and β-anomers of d-glucose with different configurations around C1 with OH groups in axial or equitroial positions, undergo the mutarotation conversion to each other in water. Two-dimensional correlation and codistribution spectroscopy (2DCOS and 2DCDS) analyses were applied to the time-dependent ATR IR spectra of aqueous solutions of α- and β-d-glucose undergoing such mutarotation conversion. 2DCOS analysis reveals that the increase and decrease in the IR intensities after the dissolution of α- or β-d-glucose are not fully synchronized, suggesting the mutarotation of d-glucose in water is not a simple binary conversion process but a multi-step reaction involving an intermediate species with a finite and observable concentration level and lifetime. 2DCDS analysis of the time-dependent ATR IR spectra clearly demonstrated the presence of intermediate species contributing to the band positions overlapped close to bands for α- and β-d-glucose. The fact that band positions identified for the intermediate species for α- to β-d-glucose conversion are the same for the reverse reaction suggests that they arise from the same species, most likely the open-ring structure produced by the hydrolysis.
Prioritization of stockpile maintenance with layered Pareto fronts

Difficult choices are required for a decision-making process where resources and budgets are increasingly constrained. This article demonstrates a structured decision-making approach using layered ...
Observation of Vacancies, Faults, and Superstructures in Ln5Mo2O12 (Ln = La, Y, and Lu) Compounds with Direct Mo–Mo Bonding

Among oxide compounds with direct metal–metal bonding, the Y5Mo2O12 (A5B2O12) structural family of compounds has a particularly intriguing low-dimensional structure due to the presence of bioctahedral B2O10 dimers arranged in one-dimensional edge-sharing chains along the direction of the metal–metal bonds. Furthermore, these compounds can have a local magnetic moment due to the noninteger oxidation state (+4.5) of the transition metal, in contrast to the conspicuous lack of a local moment that is commonly observed when oxide compounds with direct metal–metal bonding have integer oxidation states resulting from the lifting of orbital degeneracy typically induced by the metal–metal bonding. Although a monoclinic C2/m structure has been previously proposed for Ln5Mo2O12 (Ln = La–Lu and Y) members of this family based on prior single crystal diffraction data, it is found that this structural model misses many important structural features. On the basis of synchrotron powder diffraction data, it is shown that ...
FPGA-based LSTM Acceleration for Real-Time EEG Signal Processing: (Abstract Only)

Closed-loop neurofeedback is a growing area of research and development for novel therapies to treat brain disorders. A neurofeedback device can detect disease symptoms (such as motor tremors or seizures) in real time from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and respond by rapidly delivering neurofeedback stimulation that relieves these symptoms. Conventional EEG processing algorithms rely on acausal filters, which impose delays that can exceed the short feedback latency required for closed-loop stimulation. In this paper, we first introduce a method for causal filtering using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, which radically reduces the filtering latency. We then propose a reconfigurable architecture that supports time-division multiplexing of LSTM inference engines on a prototype neurofeedback device. We implemented a 128-channel EEG signal processing design on a Zynq-7030 device, and demonstrated its feasibility. Then, we further scaled up the design onto Zynq-7045 and Virtex-690t devices to achieve high performance and energy efficient implementations for massively parallel brain signal processing. We evaluated the performance against optimized implementations on CPU and GPU at the same CMOS technology node. Experiment results show that the Virtex-690t can achieve 1.32x and 11x speed-up against the K40c GPU and the multi-thread Xeon E5-2860 CPU, respectively, while FPGA achieves 6.1x and 26.6x energy efficiency compared to the GPU and CPU.
GPCRs profiling and identification of GPR110 as a potential new target in HER2+ breast cancer

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of druggable targets in human genome. Although several GPCRs can cross-talk with the human epidermal growth factor receptors (HERs), the expression and function of most GPCRs remain unknown in HER2+ breast cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to evaluate gene expression of GPCRs in tumorigenic or anti-HER2 drug-resistant cells and to understand the potential role of candidate GPCRs in HER2+ BC. Gene expression of 352 GPCRs was profiled in Aldeflur+ tumorigenic versus Aldeflur− population and anti-HER2 therapy-resistant derivatives versus parental cells of HER2+ BT474 cells. The GPCR candidates were confirmed in 7 additional HER2+ BC cell line models and publicly available patient dataset. Anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth, mammosphere formation, and migration/invasion were evaluated upon GPR110 knockdown by siRNA in BT474 and SKBR3 parental and lapatinib+ trastuzumab-resistant (LTR) cells. Adhesion and class A GPCRs were overexpressed in Aldeflur+ and anti-HER2 therapy-resistant population of BT474 cells, respectively. GPR110 was the only GPCR overexpressed in Aldeflur+ and anti-HER2 therapy-resistant population in BT474, SKBR3, HCC1569, MDA-MB-361, AU565, and/or HCC202 cells and in HER2+ BC subtype in patient tumors. Using BT474 and SKBR3 parental and LTR cells, we found that GPR110 knockdown significantly reduced anchorage-dependent/independent cell growth as well as migration/invasion of parental and LTR cells and mammosphere formation in LTR derivatives and not in parental cells. Our data suggest a potential role of GPR110 in tumorigenicity and in tumor cell dissemination in HER2+ BC.
What is Difficult about Grammatical Gender? Evidence from Heritage Russian

The paper examines the role of lexical, morphological, and discourse-referential factors in gender assignment with animate nouns in heritage Russian in order to explore the extent to which these different interfaces are challenging in heritage language acquisition. The analysis of concordant and discordant agreement patterns with nouns representing each type of gender categorization mechanism points to unequal difficulty associated with different types of gender allocation strategies. In particular, heritage speakers converge with baseline speakers in rating possible and impossible agreement combinations in the presence of fixed and transparent lexical and morphological gender categorization cues; however, they display non-target-like judgments of unmarked and underspecified forms characterized by variable agreement behavior (i.e., hybrid nouns and common gender nouns). Problems with forms whose gender reference is disambiguated at the level of discourse point to the syntax-discourse interface as a locus of systematic difficulty for heritage language speakers.
A Few Remarks on the Beginnings of the NBS-AEC Cryogenic Laboratory

The NBS-AEC Cryogenic Laboratory had its beginning in an idea of Dr. Edward F. Hammel, head of the Cryogenic Laboratory of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Dr. Hammel visioned an expanding use of very low temperatures and low temperature refrigerants in the Atomic Energy Commission, for rockets, for separations of gases by distillation, and for sundry engineering uses in various branches and agencies of our government. Dr. Hammel saw the advantages of concentrating in a single large laboratory the government’s know-how and facilities in this field.
Effects of the Focus Particle Only and Intrinsic Contrast on Comprehension of Reduced Relative Clauses

Abstract A focus particle like only can affect the interpretation of sentences in various ways. Ni, Crain and Shankweiler (1996) have proposed that it can directly affect syntactic parsing decisions by establishing discourse conditions that affect referential possibilities. Ni et al. demonstrated that using only in a sentence like Only students furnished answers received high marks largely eliminated the normal garden-path normally observed in such sentences when they contain a definite NP subject. Ni et al. claimed that only establishes a requirement for selection from a contrast set and that the relative clause after students satisfies this requirement. The present paper reports two experiments that attempted but largely failed to replicate the Ni et al. finding, using their materials and techniques similar or identical to theirs, and a third eyetracking experiment that tested a novel implication of the Ni et al. claims. This third experiment used subject nouns that had an intrinsic contrast that could satisfy the requirements of only without a postnominal modified (e.g., Only bachelors … [as implicitly opposed to married men]) and found, contrary to predictions, that such high-contrast nouns actually increased the effect of only in reducing garden-pathing, compared to low-contrast nouns. While we are not certain of the reasons for the discrepancies between our results and the results of Ni et al., we believe that the bulk of the data can best be understood in terms of how only affects recovery from an initial syntactic misanalysis.
A review of anger, hostility, and aggression from an ACT perspective

Abstract A growing body of literature has begun to examine anger, hostility, and aggression using the psychological flexibility model among both youth and adults. This manuscript provides the first overview of this research. Papers were included in this review if they were published in English, peer-reviewed, published through December 8th, 2017 on PsycInfo and PubMed, or were recommended during the review process. The research reviewed examines anger, hostility, and aggression in a variety of contexts, such as interpersonal difficulties, emotional difficulties (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder), impulse control, and externalizing. The article also reviews Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based interventions targeting problems related to anger and aggression. Generally, there is support for the psychological flexibility model in this domain and treatment studies have been demonstrated a beneficial impact of ACT on aggression and domestic violence in adults. The literature in youth is extremely limited, although some supportive findings were demonstrated. More extensive and methodologically stronger examinations would strengthen this area of study and are discussed.
Knowledge and Justice: A Comment

Epistemic justice projects are now one of the most important sites of science studies scholarship and engagement. The papers in this collection make clear that we divorce science and technology fro...
A Virtual Reality Framework for Training Incident First Responders and Digital Forensic Investigators.

This paper presents the basic functionalities of a virtual reality framework developed for training first responders and digital forensic investigators. The framework is divided into two modules: training and evaluation. The framework provides a variety of functionalities and behaviors that can be assigned to virtual objects and allows training and evaluation of crime scenes to be easily customized. During the training module, an individual can be trained to perform various procedures, pipelines, and task execution sequences. After the training is completed, the individual can then be immersed in and interact with a virtual reality crime scene by collecting as much evidence as possible. This process allows the system to evaluate the trainee’s performance and the training process in general. In the evaluation process, the developed framework captures several types of information regarding the individual’s performance, including missing evidence, the task execution sequence, and the task completion time. The collected data can then be provided to the trainee or supervisor for evaluation. A simple customizable scoring method was also developed and incorporated into the developed framework to provide immediate performance feedback to the trainee.
Mimicking Chemotactic Cell Migration with DNA Programmable Synthetic Vesicles

Chemotactic cell motility plays a critical role in many biological functions, such as immune response and embryogenesis. Constructing synthetic cell-mimicking systems, such as a dynamic protocell, likewise requires molecular mechanisms that respond to environmental stimuli and execute programmed motility behaviors. Although various molecular components were proposed to achieve diverse functions in synthetic protocells, chemotactic motility on surfaces has not been reported thus far. Here we show directional motility in synthetic lipid vesicles capable of chasing each other by programming DNA components. We demonstrate that the "follow" vesicle recognizes and migrates along the moving trajectory of the "lead" vesicle with an enhanced speed, thus mimicking natural chemotaxis in cell migration. This work provides new possibilities for building synthetic protocells with complex functions such as programmed morphogenesis and cooperative motion. With the vast library of dynamic DNA components, we envision that this platform will enable new discoveries in fundamental sciences and novel applications in biotechnology.
Enhancing thermal-hydraulic performance of counter flow mini-channel heat sinks utilizing secondary flow: Numerical study with experimental validation

Abstract Continual growth of hydraulic and thermal boundary layers along stream wise direction in conventional straight fin mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) causes gradual deterioration of their thermal performance. To enhance thermal-hydraulic performance by breaking and re-development of the boundary layers, this research aims to introduce a novel water cooled inter-connected counter flow mini-channel sink (ICMCHS). Two inter-connectors (ICs) were positioned transversely between two counter flow mini-channels (CMCs) which segmented the flow domain into three zones (zone 1–3). Secondary flow was generated through the ICs utilizing the pressure difference of the adjacent CMCs resulting in disruption of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layers. To examine the effect of the ICs location and width on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the counter flow mini-channel heat sink (CMCHS), the present numerical studies were carried out for nine different cases (case 1–9) by varying ICs width from 1 mm to 1.5 mm and ICs location from 4 mm to 9 mm. A corresponding conventional CMCHS was chosen as the base case in contrast to the newly proposed ICMCHS. Experiments were also carried out for CMCHS to validate numerical results, and excellent agreement was found between measured values and the corresponding numerical results. At the lowest considered Re (Re = 150), a maximum value of Performance Evaluation Criterion (PEC) was achieved to ~1.22 for the highest length of zone 1 and 3 and the lowest ICs width (case 7), whereas at the highest Re (Re = 1044), the maximum PEC value (~1.42) was recorded for the intermediate length of zone 1 and 3 and the highest ICs width (case 6).
Long-Term Durability of Ordinary Portland Cement and Polypropylene Fibre Stabilized Kaolin Soil Using Wetting–Drying and Freezing–Thawing Test

Soft soil stabilization frequently uses cement, lime, fly ash, etc., but very limited studies were conducted on the long-term durability of stabilized soil. The present study deals with the long-term durability of commercially available kaolin soil stabilized with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and polypropylene fibre using a much more realistic approach, where the effect of weathering action can be observed in each cycle. Laboratory investigations were conducted to find the percentage loss of stabilized soil during wetting–drying and freezing–thawing tests, which are used as a durability indicator of cement and cement–fibre-stabilized soil. The stabilized soil encounters seasonal cycles of monsoon and summer in long run of its service life, which is simulated in rapid harsh weathering cycles in a laboratory setup. Kaolin soil samples were stabilized using different percentages of cement and mix of cement–fibre combination and were subjected to 12 cycles of wetting–drying and freezing–thawing cycles separately to determine the percentage loss of soil in accordance with the ASTM standards. Results of wetting–drying tests indicate that kaolin soil stabilized with cement and fibre combination survived up to 12 cycles, but only 10% cement + 0.5% fibre was durable against wetting–drying test based on percentage loss. Results of freezing–thawing tests indicate that only the kaolin soil stabilized with 10% cement, 5% cement + 0.5% fibre, and 10% cement + 0.5% fibre survived up to 12 cycles and are durable against freezing–thawing test based on percentage loss which satisfies the Portland Cement Association’s durability specification.
Building a Culture of Wellness When Systems Do Not Allow for Collaborative Care.

INTRODUCTION Health care is fragmented and frustrating to patients and physicians. The consequences include patient and physician dissatisfaction. METHODS The author's perspective is informed by his research, innovation, and leadership to optimize the experience of care for physicians and patients. RESULTS Understanding and prioritizing the touchpoints between patients and physicians is essential to designing health care delivery that is compassionate to patients and is fulfilling and sustainable for physicians. CONCLUSIONS Hospital administrative leaders and physicians must reject the culture of a dichotomy in purpose, and partner to create systems that make the right thing to do, the easy thing to do. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level V-expert opinion.
Who Has the Ability to Consent

Objective Previous studies have shown no consistent examinations for testing the ability of patients to consent in hospital emergency departments (EDs). The primary objective of this study was to compare providers' opinions with 3 capacity assessment tools to determine the ability of medical and psychiatric patients to consent in the ED. Method The study was conducted at a level 1 inner-city general hospital ED from June 2016 to October 2017. The study participants comprised a random sample of English-speaking patients aged ≥ 18 years who presented with any medical or psychiatric complaint. Each patient was administered 3 tools: the standard ED consent form, the Aid to Capacity Evaluation (ACE), and the Mini-Mental State Examination. The results of these assessments were then compared to the provider's opinion of the patient's ability to provide consent. Results A total of 283 patients participated in the study, and 84.4% were able to consent according to providers. There was a high level of consistency with the provider's assessment and the other assessment tools on the patient's ability to consent. Most patients, both medical and psychiatric, showed the ability to consent. However, this was less true for psychiatric patients with schizophrenia, as 32.6% (n = 14) were unable to consent. Conclusions The study revealed that the ACE capacity assessment was highly consistent with the providers' assessment for medical (88.3%) and psychiatric patients (80.3%), but not for psychiatric patients with schizophrenia. Using the ACE, patients with schizophrenia presenting to the ED were significantly less able to understand their illnesses (0.01) and treatments (0.04) and thus were less able to give consent.
England’s other countrymen: Black Tudor society: by Onyeka Nubia, London, UK, Zed Books, 2019, 357 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN: 97817886995219

England’s Other Countrymen is a useful, if one-sided, examination of the status of Black Africans in early modern England. Onyeka insists that our perceptions of Africans in Tudor society “are dist...
Introduction: Striving for social justice and equity in higher education

Through the introduction of our special issue, Striving for Social Justice and Equity in Higher Education, we aim to add to a continued and much-needed discussion on deeply seated institutional inequities that remain to shape the ways by which education occurs across the higher education landscape. As we present manuscripts included in this issue, our goal is to capture the vast and many layers within higher education encompassing research and discussions on policy and systems that impact administration, leadership, faculty, and student experiences. In our concluding remarks, we stress that even though deeply seated institutional inequities remain, the work of this type must continue as it is part of a broader fight waged for social and racial justice. It is our hope that institutional leaders and policymakers will use the wealth of knowledge shared in this special issue to cultivate nurturing learning environments that include and value the talent and perspectives of those who have been systematically undervalued and marginalized.
Comparing electrochemical analysis and particle induced X-ray emission measurements of Prussian Blue Analogue deposits

Prussian Blue Analogues are of major interest for their use in alternative battery technologies due to their charge storing ability with a long life cycle. In this work the Prussian Blue Analogue nickel hexacyanoferrate (Ni-HCF) was produced using an all electrochemical method. Creating charge storing materials with electrochemical processes provides a new approach to the development of battery-like materials. These methods have not been commonly employed because the charge storing material yield is not directly known. The charge storage of the Ni-HCF was characterized with two different methods which provided a measure of the electrochemically active Fe present. These were then compared with the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method which measured the total amount of Fe present. By comparing the electrochemical measurement of active Fe to the total Fe as measured by PIXE, the percentage of material that is active in the charge storage was determined. This enables an independent calculation of the specific charge capacity of the material for comparison to other battery technologies.
The Application of High-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitor Induction Treatment before Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: An Open-Label Random Trial

This was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Patients without previous Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy were randomly assigned to either a high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) group or a traditional clarithromycin/amoxicillin triple therapy (CATT) group. In the HDDT group, patients took rabeprazole, 20 mg, four times per day for three days and then dual therapy with rabeprazole, 20 mg, and amoxicillin, 500 mg, four times per day during the patient’s breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime for 14 days. In the CATT group, patients received conventional triple therapy for 14 days (rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg twice per day). In the HDDT group, the success rates of H. pylori eradication were 91.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.97) by intention-to-treat (ITT) and 94.3% (95% CI: 0.79–0.99) by per-protocol (PP) analysis. In the CATT group, the eradication rates were 77.1% (95% CI: 0.61–0.87) by ITT and 84.3% (95% CI: 0.66–0.94) by PP analysis. The study completion rates were 97.2% (35/36) in the HDDT group. Three-day high-dose rabeprazole induction treatment before dual therapy and a schedule of taking the drug at meal and bed times could achieve an acceptable H. pylori eradication rate (>90%) and good drug compliance.
“Hand surgeons probably don’t starve”: Patient’s perceptions of physician reimbursements for performing an open carpal tunnel release

The purpose of this study is to evaluate patient’s perceptions of physician reimbursement for the most commonly performed surgery on the hand, a carpal tunnel release (CTR). Anonymous physician reimbursement surveys were given to patients and non-patients in the waiting rooms of orthopaedic hand physicians’ offices and certified hand therapist’s offices. The survey consisted of 13 questions. Respondents were asked (1) what they thought a surgeon should be paid to perform a carpal tunnel release, (2) to estimate how much Medicare reimburses the surgeon, and (3) about how health care dollars should be divided among the surgeon, the anesthesiologist, and the hospital or surgery center. Descriptive subject data included age, gender, income, educational background, and insurance type. Patients thought that hand surgeons should receive $5030 for performing a CTR and the percentage of health care funds should be distributed primarily to the hand surgeon (56 %), followed by the anesthesiologist (23 %) and then the hospital/surgery center (21 %). They estimated that Medicare reimburses the hand surgeon $2685 for a CTR. Most patients (86 %) stated that Medicare reimbursement was “lower” or “much lower” than what it should be. Respondents believed that hand surgeons should be reimbursed greater than 12 times the Medicare reimbursement rate of approximately $412 and that the physicians (surgeons and anesthesiologist) should command most of the health care funds allocated to this treatment. This study highlights the discrepancy between patient’s perceptions and actual physician reimbursement as it relates to federal health care. Efforts should be made to educate patients on this discrepancy.
Modeling industrial loads in non-residential buildings

Industrial loads in non-residential buildings have significantly contributed in total energy use throughout the world. This paper aims to develop a data-driven risk-based framework to predict and optimally control industrial loads in non-residential buildings. In the proposed framework, first, a set of predictive analytics tools are employed to identify the patterns of industrial loads over time. This also includes a high-dimensional clustering model to allocate industrial load profiles into smaller groups with less variability and same patterns. Once the patterns of industrial loads are identified, then a classification model is implemented to estimate the best class that matches with any new load profiles. Ultimately, the proposed framework provides a risk-based model to calculate and evaluate the total risk of energy decisions for the next day. This is coupled with a utility function structure to help decision makers to take best demand-side actions. The efficiency of the proposed model is investigated through a real world use case.
Equivalences, congruences, and complete axiomatizations for probabilistic processes

We study several notions of process equivalence—viz. trace, failure, ready, and bisimulation equivalence—in the context of probabilistic labeled transition systems. We show that, unlike nondeterministic transition systems, “maximality” of traces and failures does not increase the distinguishing power of trace and failure equivalence, respectively. Thus, in the probabilistic case, trace and maximal trace equivalence coincide, and failure and ready equivalence coincide.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in proximity to K-channel genes are associated with decreased longitudinal QTc variance.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia, and represents a growing health concern. The lifetime risk of developing AF is 25% above the age of 401. AF is characterized by rapid and irregular activation of the atrium, and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Although progress has been made in elucidating the pathophysiologic basis of AF, many questions remain2–4. While cardiac disorders, such as coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and hypertension predispose to AF, some patients develop AF in the absence of any known risk factor. Therefore, genetic risk factors likely participate in the pathophysiology of AF5. Further, individuals with at least one parent with a history of AF have an 85% increased relative risk of AF5. Linkage analysis for monogenetic AF has mapped several loci. Of these loci, some encode subunits of potassium channels. Mutations in these cardiac potassium channel genes have been shown to cause familial AF, specifically: KCNE26, KCNH27, KCNJ28, and KCNQ1 9. All of the known mutations are associated with a gain of function of repolarization potassium currents. This results in a shortening of action potential duration, which facilitates the development of AF. Prior studies have demonstrated that potassium channel gene polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of AF10,11. We hypothesized that AF susceptibility in AF patients with these polymorphisms is mediated through abnormal repolarization. Since global atrial repolarization is difficult to measure we used ventricular repolarization as a surrogate. In vitro studies have demonstrated the presence of these four potassium channels in both the atria and ventricles12–14. Rather than examining cross-sectional repolarization for patients, we examined longitudinal changes in ventricular repolarizations over months to years, which we term longitudinal variance. Therefore, we sought to uncover evidence for abnormal ventricular repolarization (QTc) in AF patients with single nucleotide polymorphisms near KCNE2, KCNH2, KCNJ2, and KCNQ1 genes.
1 Epigenetic Modification and Imprinting of the Mammalian Genome during Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the developmental aspects of the imprinting process and the kinds of factors that might participate in the imprinting process. It discusses the results of the recent studies of three imprinted loci that have provided new insight into what DNA, chromatin modifications, may underlie allele silencing, and that help to understand the developmental aspects of imprinting. Genomic imprinting in mammals results in the differential expression of maternal and paternal alleles of certain genes. Recent observations have revealed that the regulation of imprinted genes is only partially determined, by epigenetic modifications imposed on the two parental genomes during gametogenesis. Additional modifications, mediated by the factors in the ooplasm, early embryo, or developing embryonic tissues appear to be involved in the establishing monoallelic expression for a majority of imprinted genes. As a result, genomic imprinting effects may be manifested in a stage-specific or cell type-specific manner. The study of imprinted gene regulation has also yielded valuable information about how allele silencing due to imprinting is affected, by the developmental stage and the cell type.
Verapamil Poisoning in an Infant

An 11-month-old female infant accidentally ingested 400 mg of verapamil. The patient developed coma, seizures, respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension. Seizures have not previously been described in association with verapamil therapy or poisoning. She was successfully resuscitated with intravenous normal saline, calcium chloride, isoproterenol, and dopamine. A description of some of the manifestations of verapamil poisoning is given, and suggestions are made for several modalities of treatment, with emphasis on the use of intravenous calcium.
GaAs rectifiers for power supply and motor control applications

High voltage (100-1000 V) GaAs rectifiers were fabricated and found to improve circuit performance by increasing frequency and power density. Schottky diodes give small stored charge (5 nC) and are ideal for high frequency power supplies. GaAs p-n rectifiers allowing large current and soft recovery are advantageous as IGBT-freewheeling diodes. >
A Circulating Inhibitor (Anti-AcG) Specific for the Labile Factor-V of the Blood-Clotting Mechanism

Study of the present hemorrhagic disorder establishes, without doubt, the presence of a powerful specific anti-AcG. The deprivation of AcG due to this inhibitor confirms the view that the labile factor plays a key role in the blood clotting system in at least two phases, namely, (1) during thromboplastin generation, and (2) later, during the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. AcG is an essential component of many special clotting-test systems.
A TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE‐GAINING BEHAVIOR

This study investigated how persuasive agents modify their compliance-gaining message strategy selection when they are confronted with noncompliant male and female persuasive targets in a variety of relational contexts. Based on instrumental learning theory, it was hypothesized that persuasive agents in noninterpersonal contexts would respond to noncompliant persuasive targets by increasing their preference for punishment-oriented message strategies and decreasing their preference for reward-oriented message strategies, whereas persuasive agents in interpersonal contexts would increase their preference for reward and punishment-oriented message strategies. Results confirmed the hypothesis. Moreover, males were expected to respond to noncompliant persuasive targets with more punishment-oriented strategies than females, and females were expected to use more rewarding strategies to secure compliance from noncompliant persuasive targets. However, results indicated that females responded to noncompliant persuasive targets with more punishment and reward-oriented strategies than males. Results also showed that the effects of persuasive agents' gender on message selection is mediated by the gender of persuasive targets and the duration of the relational consequences.