cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated high-throughput proteome and phosphoproteome analysis using paramagnetic bead technology

Abstract Recent developments in proteomics have enabled signaling studies where >10,000 phosphosites can be routinely identified and quantified. Yet, current analyses are limited in throughput, reproducibility, and robustness, hampering experiments that involve multiple perturbations, such as those needed to map kinase-substrate relationships, capture pathway crosstalks, and network inference analysis. To address these challenges, we introduce rapid-robotic-phosphoproteomics (R2-P2), an end-to-end automated method that uses magnetic particles to process protein extracts to deliver mass spectrometry-ready phosphopeptides. R2-P2 is robust, versatile, high-throughput, and achieves higher sensitivity than classical protocols. To showcase the method, we applied it, in combination with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry, to study signaling dynamics in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in yeast. Our results reveal broad and specific signaling events along the mating, the high-osmolarity glycerol, and the invasive growth branches of the MAPK pathway, with robust phosphorylation of downstream regulatory proteins and transcription factors. Our method facilitates large-scale signaling studies involving hundreds of perturbations opening the door to systems-level studies aiming to capture signaling complexity.
Generalizability: Machine learning and humans-in-the-loop

Automated decision tools, which increasingly rely on machine learning (ML), are used in decision systems that permeate our lives. Examples range from high-stakes decision systems for offering credit, university admissions and employment, to decision systems serving advertising. Here, we consider data-driven tools that attempt to predict likely behavior of individuals. The debate about ML-based decision-making has spawned an important multi-disciplinary literature, which has focused primarily on fairness, accountability, and transparency. We have been struck, however, by the lack of attention to generalizability in the scholarly and policy discourse about whether and how to incorporate automated decision tools into decision systems. This chapter explores the relationship between generalizability and the division of labor between humans and machines in decision systems. An automated decision tool is generalizable to the extent that it produces outputs that are as correct as the outputs it produced on the data used to create it. The generalizability of a ML model depends on the training process, data availability, and the underlying predictability of the outcome that it models. Ultimately, whether a tool’s generalizability is adequate for a particular decision system depends on how it is deployed, usually in conjunction with human adjudicators. Taking generalizability explicitly into account highlights important aspects of decision system design, as well as important normative trade-offs, that might otherwise be missed.
Advanced apparatus for the integration of nanophotonics and cold atoms

We combine nanophotonics and cold atom research in a new apparatus enabling the delivery of single-atom tweezer arrays in the vicinity of photonic crystal waveguides.
Learning a Low-Rank Tensor of Pharmacogenomic Multi-relations from Biomedical Networks

Learning pharmacogenomic multi-relations among diseases, genes and chemicals from content-rich biomedical and biological networks can provide important guidance for drug discovery, drug repositioning and disease treatment. Most of the existing methods focus on imputing missing values in the disease-gene, disease chemical and gene-chemical pairwise relations from the observed relations instead of being designed for learning high-order disease-gene-chemical multi-relations. To achieve the goal, we propose a general tensor-based optimization framework and a scalable Graph-Regularized Tensor Completion from Observed Pairwise Relations (GT-COPR) algorithm to infer the multi-relations among the entities across multiple networks in a low-rank tensor, based on manifold regularization with the graph Laplacian of a Cartesian, tensor or strong product of the networks, and consistencies between the collapsed tensors and the observed bipartite relations. Our theoretical analyses also prove the convergence and efficiency of GT-COPR. In the experiments, the tensor fiber-wise and slice-wise evaluations demonstrate the accuracy of GT-COPR for predicting the diseasegene-chemical associations across the large-scale protein-protein interactions network, chemical structural similarity network and phenotype-based human disease network; and the validation on Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer cell line dataset shows a potential clinical application of GT-COPR for learning diseasespecific chemical-gene interactions. Statistical enrichment analysis demonstrates that GT-COPR is also capable of producing both topologically and biologically relevant disease, gene and chemical components with high significance.
In-Depth Optimization with the OpenACC-to-FPGA Framework on an Arria 10 FPGA.

The reconfigurable computing paradigm that uses field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has received renewed interest in the high-performance computing field due to FPGAs' unique combination of performance and energy efficiency. However, difficulties in programming and optimizing FPGAs have prevented them from being widely accepted as general-purpose computing devices. In accelerator-based heterogeneous computing, portability across diverse heterogeneous devices is also an important issue, but the unique architectural features in FPGAs make this difficult to achieve. To address these issues, a directive-based, high-level FPGA programming and optimization framework was previously developed. In this work, developed optimizations were combined holistically using the directive-based approach to show that each individual benchmark requires a unique set of optimizations to maximize performance. The relationships between FPGA resource usages and runtime performance were also explored.
A case-crossover study of short-term air pollution exposure and the risk of stillbirth in California, 1999-2009.

Abstract Background Associations between ambient air pollution and stillbirth have recently been explored, but most studies have focused on long-term (trimester or gestational averages) rather than short-term (within one week) air pollution exposures. Objective To evaluate whether short-term exposures to criteria air pollutants are associated with increased risk of stillbirth. Methods Using air pollution and fetal death certificate data from 1999 to 2009, we assessed associations between acute prenatal air pollution exposure and stillbirth in California. In a time-stratified case-crossover study, we analyzed single day and/or cumulative average days (up to a 6 day lag) of exposure to fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) for mothers estimated to reside within 10 km of a pollution monitor based on reported zip code. We also examined potential confounding by apparent temperature or co-pollutants, and effect modification by maternal demographic factors, fetal sex, gestational age, and cause of stillbirth. Results Stillbirth cases in the primary analyses ranged between 1,203 and 13,018, depending on the pollutant. For an IQR increase in SO2 (lag 4), O3 (lag 4), and PM10-2.5 (lag 2), we found a 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2%, 5.5%), 5.8% (95% CI 1.6%, 10.1%), and 6.1% (95% CI 0.1%, 12.4%) increase in the odds of stillbirth, respectively. Additional adjustment by apparent temperature had little effect on the SO2 association but slightly attenuated O3 (adjusted % change: 4.2% (95% CI -0.2%, 8.9%) and PM10-2.5 (5.7% (95% CI -1.1%, 13.0%)) associations, while other co-pollutants had minimal impact. Associations were observed specifically for stillbirths from obstetric complications and in women with higher educational attainment. Conclusions This study provides evidence for associations between prenatal short-term air pollution exposure, specifically SO2, O3, and PM10-2.5, and stillbirth in California and warrants replication of findings in other settings.
Adapted Picture Exchange Communication System using tangible symbols for young learners with significant multiple disabilities

Practitioners need validated strategies for teaching children with significant multiple disabilities (e.g., cognitive, motor, and sensory disability) to use tangible symbols for expressive communic...
The World We (Re)Build: An Ethnography of the Future

This essay directs the theoretical energy of the emerging anthropology of the future genre toward the essential task of generating new anthropological prospects for making positive world contributions Embracing visioning as a promising ethnographic technique, I develop an ethnography of the future drawn from central Ohio Transition participants’ prefigurative actions and descriptions of desirable futures I suggest that temporal imaginings have very real effects on the world we ultimately (re)build and outline anthropology’s roles in the future-making process © 2020 by the American Anthropological Association All rights reserved
Case-hardening Medium Carbon Steel for Tough and Long Life Bearing under Severe Lubrication Conditions

It is known these days that case-hardening bearings have a longer life than through-hardening ones under severe lubrication conditions (i.e., mixing-in of foreign particles in the lubrication oil). To explain this fact, the authors first presented the mechanism of stress relaxation at the debris dent edge. According to test results, it was found that both retained austenite and hardness are the most important factors for a longer life material. Such material has a longer life even under boundary lubrication conditions. Since a sufficient EHL oil film does not form under boundary lubrication conditions, metal contact occurs. The resulting damage is called peeling and it decreases the bearing life. To realize ideal case hardening material for bearings, a new carbo-nitride heat treatment has been developed. Normally, it is extremely difficult to obtain a sufficient case depth using a traditional carbo-nitride heat treatment process. As an alternate, medium carbon steel was studied. The application of newly developed medium carbon steel has not only proved to make the creation of a sufficient case depth easier, but also provided economic benefits. Based on results from testing both the dimensional stability and fracture toughness, newly developed medium carbon steel can be used for case-hardening bearings.
Behavioral Therapy for Tremor or Dystonia Affecting Voice in Speakers with Hyperkinetic Dysarthria: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Introduction Hyperkinetic dysarthria is characterized by atypical involuntary movements within the speech mechanism that may affect the respiratory, laryngeal, pharyngeal-oral, or velopharyngeal-nasal subsystems and may alter speech production. Although articulatory impairments are commonly considered in hyperkinetic dysarthria, speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria may also present with changes in voice quality, pitch, and loudness. In approximately 70% of speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria, these voice alterations are associated with tremor or dystonia. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between behavioral therapy for tremor or dystonia affecting voice in speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria and improvement in the functional, perceptual, acoustical, aerodynamic, or endoscopic characteristics of voice. Method MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov online databases were searched in August 2017, December 2018, and April 2020 for relevant studies. The searches provided 4,921 unique records, and six additional unique records were added from other sources. Twelve studies met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Participants who received concurrent medical treatment were included in this review to ensure that the search was inclusive of all relevant studies and informative for typical clinical scenarios. Results The most commonly administered treatment ingredient was relaxation training, which was investigated in three of the four studies on tremor and three of the eight studies on dystonia. Of these six studies, only one used an experimental design and administered relaxation training as the only behavioral approach. This single-case experiment reported a significant reduction in participant ratings of tremor severity and interference with activities of daily living, although the speaking subscale reportedly did not improve and oral medications were administered concurrently. In two group studies that tested potential behavioral therapy targets, production of a low pitch improved acoustical measures for participants with essential tremor and improved auditory-perceptual judgments for participants with laryngeal dystonia. Behavioral therapy improved functional, acoustical, and aerodynamic outcomes in participants with laryngeal dystonia who were also receiving botulinum toxin injections in a randomized cross-over study and a non-randomized controlled study. Because one study employed easy onset and breathing exercises, while the other employed loud voice exercises, the mechanism of action for improvement in voice associated with behavioral therapy requires further investigation. Conclusion This systematic review describes the current evidence for treatment of tremor and dystonia affecting voice in speakers with hyperkinetic dysarthria and highlights the need for future research on behavioral therapy for these disorders.
SHARC: improving adaptive replacement cache with shadow recency cache management

Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC) is a state-of-the-art cache replacement policy with a constant-time complexity per request. It uses a recency list and a frequency list to balance between access recency and access frequency. In this paper, we re-examine the ARC policy and demonstrate its weaknesses: 1) some entries in the recency list are not recent; and 2) the constraint of the recency list length limits the capability in identifying weak locality. We then propose a new policy, Shadow ARC (SHARC), to overcome those weaknesses with shadow recency cache management. In SHARC, we track the virtual time of the accesses. We allow the shadow recency cache to grow on demand, but proactively identify unpromising entries for eviction based on a comprehensive eviction criterion. While the criterion is calculated from the virtual time, we provide the theoretical justification that in scenarios of strong locality, it tightly bounds the recency distance of the entries. In scenarios of relatively weak locality, the criterion dynamically determines the size of the shadow recency cache based on the activeness of the frequency cache items and the promotion activities of the recency items. Experimental results indicate that SHARC outperforms the state-of-the-art policies of ARC, Low Inter-Reference Recency Set (LIRS), and Dynamic LIRS.
Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century

1. From the Stone Age to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period 2. The Warring States period 3. The Qin and Han dynasties 4. The six dynasties 5. The Sui and Tang dynasties 6. The five dynasties and ten kingdoms and the Song dynasty 7. The Yuan dynasty 8. The Ming dynasty (1368-1644) 9. The Qing dynasty (1644-1911) 10. Post-imperial China.
Picky eating in children.

Although there is no consistent definition of picky eating, the term is generally used to characterize children who eat a limited amount of food, have strong food preferences, have restricted intake (particularly of vegetables), and who are unwilling to try new foods (1). Picky eating is a relatively common behavioral problem. Recent studies have found that picky eating is not associated with having an eating disorder (2) and does not have a significant effect on growth (1).
Gas phase recoil phosphorus reactions—I: Complete and partial retention of bonds in PF5

Abstract Phosphorus pentafluoride vapor was exposed to thermal neutrons in systems with and without various additives. Ethylene, proved to be an efficient scavenger in this system, permitted the determination of primary retentions of 32PF5 and 32PF3 after radiative neutron capture, which represent the probabilities of survival of 5 bonds and 3 bonds respectively. The partial retention of 3 bonds (1·34 per cent) is much larger than the complete retention (0·08 per cent) and is discussed in terms of factors which may promote partial bond survival in molecules with multivalent transformed atoms.
Deglycosylation of fibrinogen accelerates polymerization and increases lateral aggregation of fibrin fibers

Fibrinogen, the major structural precursor of blood clots, was deglycosylated by peptide-N-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase without denaturation of the polypeptide chains. Deglycosylated fibrinogen behaved normally in clinical coagulation assays, although it is less soluble than normal fibrinogen. However, the turbidity of clots formed from deglycosylated fibrinogen always rose faster and higher than that of clots from normal fibrinogen. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that fibrin made from clots of deglycosylated fibrinogen consisted of thicker, less-branched fiber bundles in a more porous network. Moreover, the degree of lateral aggregation was directly related to clot turbidity and inversely related to branching. Deglycosylation promoted turbidity development, lateral aggregation, and porosity of clots under all conditions tested. All other steps in the coagulation pathways appeared to be unaffected by the absence of carbohydrate. These results suggest that carbohydrate constitutively affects the behavior of deglycosylated fibrinogens by 1) contributing a repulsive force that promotes fibrinogen solubility and limits fibrin assembly and 2) sensitizing fibrin to conditions that influence assembly and clot structure.
Bridging from pore to continuum: A hybrid mortar domain decomposition framework for subsurface flow and transport

Flow and transport in the subsurface occurs over a wide range of spatial scales (nanometer to kilometer). Modeling at the pore scale becomes imperative where scales are not separable. Since pore-scale models are computationally limited to small domain sizes, accurate field-scale modeling requires simulating parts of the reservoir at the pore scale and other parts at the continuum. The need for modeling large pore-scale domains for ascertaining macroscopic parameters is prevalent in the literature. We develop a hybrid mortar domain decomposition framework for parallel modeling (linear and nonlinear) flow and transport across scales and in large pore-scale domains. Novel and efficient mortar methods for coupling flow and transport are adapted and developed and comparisons are presented. Mortars are developed for pore-to-pore and pore-to-continuum interfaces and shown to be more suitable than the commonly used Lagrangian mortars for these interfaces. The methods are shown to produce accurate results and demo...
METABOLISM OF 5-(GLUTATHION-S-YL)-ALPHA -METHYLDOPAMINE FOLLOWING INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR ADMINISTRATION TO MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

5-(Glutathion-S-yl)-alpha-methyldopamine [5-(GSyl)-alpha-MeDA] is a putative metabolite of the serotonergic neurotoxicants 3,4-(+/-)-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine and 3,4-(+/-)-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine. Glutathione (GSH) conjugates of several polyphenols are biologically (re)active. Therefore, as part of our studies on the role of 5-(GSyl)-alpha-MeDA in MDA-mediated neurotoxicity, we determined the regional brain metabolism of 5-(GSyl)-alpha-MeDA (720 nmol) following intracerebroventricular administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats. 5-(GSyl)-alpha-MeDA was rapidly cleared from all brain regions examined, and regional differences in the distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) correlated with the formation of 5-(cystein-S-yl)-alpha-methyldopamine (5-[CYS]-alpha-MeDA). We also observed the formation of 5-(N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl)-alpha-MeDA (5-[NAC]-alpha-MeDA) in all brain regions, indicating that the brain has the ability to synthesize mercapturic acids. Peak concentrations of 5-(NAC)-alpha-MeDA were found in the order: hypothalamus > midbrain/diencephalon/telencephalon > pons/medulla > hippocampus > cortex > striatum. In contrast to 5-(GSyl)-alpha-MeDA and 5-(CYS)-alpha-MeDA, 5-(NAC)-alpha-MeDA was eliminated relatively slowly from the brain. Differences were also found in cystein conjugate N-acetyltransferase activity in microsomes prepared from the various brain regions, but little difference was observed in brain cytosolic N-acetyl-L-cysteine conjugate N-deacetylase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The PLACES game: Integrating technology concepts

Abstract There are times when skills in using Internet technology interfere with using the technology for information seeking and gathering. A few helpful technology concepts can be taught with a system called the PLACES game that uses analogy and simulation. An understanding of these basic concepts can be incorporated into courses where use of the Internet must be integrated with information literacy objectives.
Experimental and Analytical Analyses of a Sliding Tube Type Driveshaft Induced Vehicle Vibration

Driveline NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) has become an integral attribute in defining how the vehicle NVH performance perceived by the customers in the automotive industry. The driveshaft component design community needs to make sure that the designed driveline system is robust and reliable to achieve the vehicle NVH targets, meanwhile maintains its durability performance. A slip mechanism in the driveline system is needed to accommodate the movements coming from the rear axle and rear suspensions when the vehicle travels on a rough road, or accelerates/decelerates abruptly. One design to accommodate the slip mechanism is to use a press-fitted sliding tube design. Because of its slip mechanism in the tubes, the fluctuation of the contact forces in the tubes, particularly in the vehicle coast down course, the interaction between the tubes becomes a nonlinear contact force phenomenon. This paper uses experimental and analytical linear tools to successfully understand the nonlinear behavior of the sliding tube driveshaft, and prevent a vehicle vibration issue created by the sliding tube driveshaft design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Existence of plasmons in large π-electron systems☆

Abstract We formulate the Sawada model in coordinate space and apply it to the π-electrons in a large conjugated molecule.
Long-term transient thermal analysis using compact models for data center applications

Abstract Reduced-order thermal models are necessary to enable real-time assessment of the optimum operating and control conditions to improve data center energy efficiency. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer model of a basic raised floor, air cooled, hot aisle/cold aisle data center configuration was developed and simulation results were used to generate snapshots for initializing compact models based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and the Nonlinear Principle Component Analysis (NLPCA) methods. The specific focus of the study was to numerically investigate how the thermal trends can be affected by the long-term transient flow patterns associated with leakage and how the compact models (e.g. POD and NLPCA) can be utilized for much faster implementations and characterizations of the transient flows. Using both the POD and the NLPCA method, good agreement was achieved between the full simulation results and the compact models for predicting the dynamically developed local flow structure over a range of transient cooling air supply operating conditions. In addition, the NLPCA method was implemented to better characterize the nonlinear aspects of the CFD results. The benefits of using both the POD and NLPCA methods are discussed in relation to constructing compact models as real-time predictive tools. A systematic use of the compact models has also been proposed, to enable more robust thermal management and control of data centers.
Abstract 4848: A synthetic-lethal screen identifies novel Mcl1 regulators in neuroblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Neuroblastoma (NB) is a lethal pediatric tumor. Despite multimodal therapy survival remains poor due to emergent chemoresistance governed by Bcl2-homology (BH) proteins. Agents that antagonize BH proteins, such as ABT-737, are in clinical development. ABT-737 does not antagonize Mcl1, a Bcl2-homologue correlated with ABT-737 resistance in many tumors. We defined the survival bias present in NBs using functional mitochondrial profiling in response to diverse BH3 death-domain peptides. Those with a functional Bcl2-dependence were exquisitely sensitive to ABT-737 in vitro and in vivo. Those with an Mcl1-dependence were relatively ABT-737 resistant (3-5 uM IC50s), yet Mcl1 knock-down restored ABT-737 activity in this subset (nM IC50s). We therefore undertook a synthetic-lethal screen for Mcl1 regulators using siRNA against deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), as Mcl1 is highly regulated with a short half-life due to ubiquitin-mediated degradation and this genomic space has many plausible druggable targets. We treated Mcl1-dependent NB cell lines (IMR5 and NLF) with siRNA targeting DUBs and ABT-737 at a sublethal concentration (200 nM). This screen identified 5 targets (of 98) demonstrating synthetic lethality (Z 10-fold decrease in IC50 for 4 of 5 targets. Three further demonstrated a >10-fold decrease in ABT-737 IC50 with multiple independent siRNA supporting these as on-target effects (4/4 for PSMD14, 3/4 for PRPF8, and 2/4 for UBL5). We show that we can rescue the PSMD14 and UBL5 knock-down phenotypes by expression of an siRNA-resistant expression plasmid. While knock-down of all three targets decreases Mcl1 function, only knock-down of UBL5 (downregulates) and PSMD14 (upregulates) alter Mcl1 protein expression. We hypothesize that knock-down of PSMD14 and PRPF8 decrease Mcl1 activity through inhibitory post-translational modifications despite paradoxical or absent effects on Mcl1 protein expression, while UBL5 stabilizes Mcl1 as a ubiquitin-like PTM. Thus, we have demonstrated the robustness of a novel synthetic lethal screen to identify modulators of Mcl1 activity in vitro and identified three novel therapeutic targets regulating Mcl1 activity in NB. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4848. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4848
Dynamic stochastic games with asymmetric information

We consider a dynamic stochastic game with asymmetric information. Multiple controllers jointly control the evolution of a global state process and multiple local state processes. The global state affects every controller's cost while a controller's local state only affects its own cost. We assume that all controllers observe the global state, and in addition each controller observes its own local state. This information structure results in asymmetry of information among the controllers. In general, such asymmetry of information makes it difficult to find or characterize Nash equilibria. However, we show that a simple characterization of a class of Nash equilibria is possible under the assumption that the evolution of the local state processes depends only on the global state and control actions and not on the current or past values of local states. This class of equilibria and their characterization resemble the notion of Markov equilibrium and their characterization in games of symmetric information.
Validation of the proposed International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grading system for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.

Background A scoring system was recently proposed to grade the severity of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), a frequent early complication of lung transplantation. The purposes of this study are to: (1) validate the PGD grading system with respect to patient outcomes; and (2) compare the performance of criteria employing the arterial oxygenation to fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) ratio to an alternative grading system employing the oxygenation index (OI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 402 patients having undergone lung transplantation at our institution from 1992 through 2004. The ISHLT PGD grading system was modified and grades were assigned up to 48 hours post-transplantation as follows: Grade 1 PGD, P/F >300; Grade 2, P/F 200 to 300; and Grade 3, P/F Results The prevalence of severe PGD (P/F Grade 3) declined after transplant, from 25% at T0 to 15% at T48. Grouping patients by P/F grade at T48 demonstrated the clearest differentiation of 90-day death rates (Grade 1, 7%; Grade 2, 12%; Grade 3, 33%) ( p = 0.0001). T48 OI grade also differentiates 90-day death rates. There was no difference in longer-term survival between patients with PGD Grades 1 and 2. OI grade at T0 qualitatively improved differential mortality between Grades 1 and 2; however, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Patients with a worst score T(0–48) of Grade 3 PGD did have significantly decreased long-term survival, as well as longer ICU and hospital stay, when compared with Grades 1 and 2 PGD. Significant risk factors for short- and long-term mortality in our multivariate model were P/F Grade 3 [worst score T(0–48) as well as T0 grade], single-lung transplant, use of cardiopulmonary bypass and high pre-operative mean pulmonary artery pressure. Conclusions There is an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay associated with severe (Grade 3) PGD. The proposed ISHLT grading system can rapidly identify patients with poor outcomes who may benefit from early, aggressive treatment. Refinement of the scoring system may further improve patient risk stratification.
Probing Physical Properties at the Nanoscale

With the interaction between a sharp tip and a surface tailored using combinations of static and time-dependent external fields, scanning probe techniques can image far more than topographic structure.
August 9, 1974: The Victimage of Richard Nixon.

Richard Nixon's remarks upon departing the White House are revealingly banal. Confronted by what he took to he shameless leers in his moment of humiliation, he responded by portraying himself as a romantic prince who remains steadfast in the face of personal adversity. To the extent the message was met with cold scrutiny it failed to evoke an image of heroism or a mood of tragic pity. It was instead heard as a fairy tale told by an undignified sulk. The princely allusions only reminded the listener of darker monarchical impulses and confirmed the propriety of victimizing the self‐proclaimed victim with stares.
Aerosol backscattering profiles at CO2 wavelengths: the NOAA data base.

NOAA’s data base for aerosol backscattering at λ = 10.6 μm since May 1981, in Boulder, Colorado, is presented together with seasonally averaged profiles and statistical analyses. Studies of the El Chichon event are included.
Protein complexes/aggregates as potential cancer biomarkers revealed by a nanoparticle aggregation immunoassay.

Protein–protein interactions and protein complex/aggregate formation play an essential role in almost all biological functions and activities. Through a nanoparticle aggregation immunoassay, we discovered that some proteins are substantially more complexed/aggregated in cancer tissues than normal tissues. This study examined four biomarkers proteins, CA125, CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), CA19-9 and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) in ovarian, colon and prostate tissue lysates. The most exciting results were observed from the PAP assay of prostate tissues: prostate cancer can be clearly distinguished from normal prostate and prostate with benign conditions such as BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) based on the complex/aggregation level of PAP in prostate tissue lysates. The complex/aggregate level of a protein can be potential biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis.
Imaging of cardiac neuronal function after cocaine exposure using carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine and positron emission tomography.

Abstract Objectives. The aim of the study was to define the effect of cocaine on the myocardial uptake and retention of C-11 hydroxyephedrine in the anesthetized dog model. Background. Cardiac toxcity of cocaine has been linked to its inhibitory effect on norepinephrine reuptake by the sympathetic nerve terminals of the heart. Carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine is a C-11-labled norepinephrine analog that has high specific affinity for uptake-1 and thus makes possible the assessment of the effect of cocaine on norepinephrine reuptake by cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals. Methods. The cardiac kinetics of C-11 hydroxyephedrine as assessed by dynamic positron emission tomographic imaging were used to characterize norepinephrine reuptake by the sympathetic nerve terminals. Carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine was injected intravenously before, as well as at 5 min and 2.5 h after, intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg body weight of cocaine in anesthetized dogs. Hemodynamic variables and microsphere-determined cardiac blood flow were also measured before and after cocaine exposure. Results. Intravenous injection of cocaine did not significantly affect hemodynamic variables and myocardial blood flow in the anesthetized animals. Compared with baseline, myocardial retention of C-11 hydroxyephedrine was significantly reduced by 78 ± 3% (mean ± SD) at 5 min and remained significantly reduced (28 ± 17%) at 2.5 h after cocaine injection. Cocaine administration after C-11 hydroxyephedrine injection (39 min) resulted in rapid biexponential clearance of C-11 hydroxyephedrine from myocardium. Conclusions. These results suggest prolonged effects of cocaine on the sympathetic nerve terminals of the heart. Positron emission tomography provides a noninvasive and sensitive means to objectively assess the cardiac pharmacokinetics of drugs such as cocaine.
P-glycoprotein Catalytic Mechanism STUDIES OF THE ADP-VANADATE INHIBITED STATE

Kinetics of inhibition of ATPase activity of pure mouse Mdr3 P-glycoprotein upon incubation with MgADP and vanadate were studied along with the trapping of [14C]ADP in presence of vanadate. The presence of verapamil strongly magnified both effects. Inhibition of ATPase was also increased by several other drugs known to bind to drug-binding sites. Inhibition by ADP-vanadate was slow and depended cooperatively on nucleotide binding. Stoichiometry of [14C]ADP trapping by vanadate was 1 mol/mol P-glycoprotein at full inhibition. Catalytic site mutants prevented [14C]ADP trapping, whereas interdomain signal communication mutants reduced it in approximate correlation with their effects upon drug stimulation of ATPase. In explanation of the results, we propose that a "closed conformation" involving dimerization and interdigitation of the two nucleotide-binding domains is necessary to allow inhibition by ADP-vanadate. The results suggest that such a conformation occurs naturally during ATP hydrolysis. It is proposed that in order for the catalytic transition state to form, the two nucleotide-binding domains dimerize to form an integrated single entity containing two bound ATP with just one of the two ATP being hydrolyzed per dimerization event.
Interpersonal communication motives and perceptions of humor among elders

This study explored the relationship between interpersonal communication motives and perceptions of humor use among elders. Elders (N = 143) ranging in age from 50 to 94 completed questionnaires assessing their interpersonal communication motives (ICM), perceived uses of humor (UHI), and demographics. The hypotheses predicting differential relationships among uses of humor and motives for communicating were supported. Elder men and women differed in their ICM and UHI.
Some Problems About Belief

A number of problems pertaining to the logic of belief can be introduced by considering the following three statement forms: 1. Jones believes that fa Bfa 2. a = b a = b 3. Jones does not believe that fb ~ Bfb.1
Joint spectral radius of rank one matrices and the maximum cycle mean problem

We show that the problem of exact computation of the joint spectral radius of a finite set of rank one matrices can be reformulated as the problem of computing the maximum cycle mean in a directed graph and hence be solved efficiently.
Intra-Floodplain Seed Dispersal Limitation and Wetland Community Restoration

The broadleaf marsh community in the post-restoration reaches of the Kissimmee River floodplain, Florida, US, has failed to achieve the expected dominance based on pre-disturbance conditions. We examined the hypothesis that seed dispersal is a limiting factor delaying the expansion of characteristic taxa of a dominant wetland plant community, broadleaf marsh, from remnant populations into a partially restored river floodplain. Hydrochory and anemochory seed traps were deployed in the Kissimmee River for two week periods during four sampling periods over the course of a year. Study plots were divided among an area influenced by backwater effects from a downstream water control structure and the substantially drier floodplain with more fragmented and degraded broadleaf marsh communities to the north. Seed trapping showed that seeds of characteristic broadleaf marsh taxa, e.g., bulltongue arrowhead ( Sagittaria lancifolia ), pickerelweed ( Pontederia cordata ), and common buttonbush ( Cephalanthus occidentalis ), were only rarely dispersed and in small volumes north of the confluence of Oak Creek. Seed limitation due to a partially restored physical environment may be one of the factors contributing to minimal recovery of wetland communities in the Kissimmee River floodplain. As with fragmented regional scale landscapes with substantial distances among patches and an inhospitable matrix ecosystem, our research indicates that seed limitation may also be an issue for wetland restoration at local scales in contiguous floodplain wetlands such as the Kissimmee River. Active revegetation practices may be necessary for accelerating expansion of plant communities in large-scale river/floodplain restoration projects where local seed sources are spatially and hydrologically constrained.
The infrared properties of AGN

Abstract The revolution in near infrared astronomy, soon to be followed in the mid-infrared, is a result of the advent of 1 and 2 dimensional array detectors. Only now can we obtain infrared spectra and images of AGN that approach the quality of their optical counterparts. I discuss the use of infrared emission lines as diagnostics of both the physical state of atomic species, and as indicators of the presence of dust and starburst components. The 1–100 μ continua are categorized, and a simple explanation for the variety of the observed distributions is proposed. Some early results of infrared imaging of AGN are presented.
β-Adrenergic blockade is more effective in suppressing adrenaline-induced glucose production in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes

To examine whether diabetes affects the ability of β-blockade to suppress adrenaline-stimulated hepatic glucose production, we infused adrenaline with and without propranolol into normal subjects and diabetic patients receiving a constant insulin infusion in basal amounts. In normal subjects, propranolol did not block the transient 50%–60% rise in glucose production during adrenaline infusion. In contrast, propranolol virtually abolished adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia and glucose production was virtually abolished by propranolol in the diabetic patients, even though they demonstrated an exaggerated response to adrenaline alone (persistent increase in glucose production of 50%–90% above baseline). When insulin was infused together with adrenaline and propranolol in normal subjects in doses exceeding those given to the diabetics (plasma insulin rose threefold), the rise in glucose production was still threefold greater than in the diabetic patients (p<0.02). We conclude that β-blockade is more effective in suppressing the hepatic response to adrenaline in diabetics than in normal subjects. Our data may explain why diabetic subjects are more vulnerable to hypoglycaemia during treatment with propranolol.
New “anomalous” multiplicative multifractals: Left sided ƒ(α) and the modelling of DLA

Abstract A sharp distinction is drawn between general multiplicative multifractals, as originally introduced by the author, and the more familiar but more restricted class defined by Frisch and Parisi and by Halsey et al. All the general multiplicative multifractals are exactly renormalizable, by design. However (this is important and perhaps suprising), it is shown that the scaling relations that serve to define the restricted class fail to extend to certain multiplicative multifractals. As a result, in addition to the familiar restricted class, the general multifractals are shown to allow for a wide variety of “anomalous” behaviors, several of which are described. We believe that suitable examples of these anomalies are of the most important concrete applications to fully developed turbulence and to diffusion limited aggregates (DLA). This paper concerns several new classes of multifractals we have recently proposed as tools to model the anomalies of DLA. They are “left sided”, that is, characterized by αmax=∝ with ƒ(α max )=D 0 . Related multifractals characterized by αmax=0, and even by αmax=∝ and αmin=0, are encountered along the way.
An Improved Architecture for Two-Element Biomimetic Antenna Arrays

A new architecture is presented for two-element biomimetic antenna arrays (BMAAs) that mimic the sense of directional hearing of the parasitoid fly Ormia Ochracea. The proposed architecture addresses a major practical shortcoming of the previously reported design in this area, namely the use of lossy transformers at high RF/microwave frequencies. The new topology does not employ any RF transformers and results in a substantially higher output power level for a given phase sensitivity, compared to the previously proposed design. Moreover, because the new design does not use any transformers, it is expected to be more amenable to operation at higher RF/microwave frequencies. A noise analysis is also conducted and the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the proposed design is theoretically compared with that of the previously reported design. It is shown that, for the same system level performance indicators, the proposed design demonstrates a higher SNR compared to the previous one. A prototype of a two-element biomimetic antenna array exploiting the proposed coupling network is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized.
Degradation of telone II in contaminated and noncontaminated soils

Abstract Degradation of the nematicide Telone II (cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐dichloropropene comprise the active ingredients) in soil was studied using 14C‐l,3‐dichloropropene (DCP) along with soil samples collected from a field test site near Quincy, Florida. A mixed bacterial culture isolated from the soil in the presence of a second carbon source, glucose or yeast extract, completely degraded 14C‐DCP to 14CO2, water‐soluble products, and microbial mass. 14C‐DCP in soil was also degraded to 14CO2. After 28 days of incubation, the labeled chemical was completely degraded to 14CO2, water‐soluble metabolites, bound‐residues, and possibly some microbial mass. Little or no difference was observed in the degradation of 14C‐DCP in soil samples collected one week prior to field application of Telone II, or two weeks and two years after application.
Studies of sperm competition in two species of muroid rodents

1. In three experiments on the effects of mating order, wild-type male deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi were tested in competition with brown recessive, wide-band agouti, and blonde mutant males. Females of the homozygous recessive genotype received two ejaculatory series from a male of each genotype; mating order was varied. There were no significant effects of mating order on litter composition. In a parallel experiment wild-type and albino male prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, mated for one ejaculation each with albino females. There was a significant advantage with respect to litter composition for the male ejaculating last. Together with data from other species, these results suggest that effects of mating order are highly species-specific and must be evaluated for each species before speculations are made regarding the effects of multiple matings. 2. Males of various genotypes differed with respect to differential fertilizing capacity. Wild-type male deer mice outcompeted both brown recessive and wideband agouti males. The combinations of blonde and wild-type deer mice and albino and wild-type prairie voles yielded strain differences in litter composition in one mating order but not in the other. Counts of the numbers of sperm from males of different genotypes in the uteri of females revealed no sigificant strain differences. Thus, strain differences are not simply a function of sperm numbers. 3. Female deer mice mated or exposed to more than one male had a lower probability of pregnancy than those mated for comparable numbers of ejaculations with one male in previous studies. Additional data on pregnancy initiation in females of the brown-recessive genotype mated with one male revealed them to be only slightly less likely to become pregnant than wild-type females. Strain of male had little effect. 4. No significant effects on litter composition were attributable to the length of the delay between matings by successive males. This was established both via correlational analyses of the data from the mating order studies and in an additional experiment in deer mice in which delays of 2 h were imposed between the last ejaculation by the first male and introduction of a second male. 5. Litter composition in deer mice reflects the number of ejaculations attained by each of two males. In one experiment, female deer mice mated first with a blonde male and then with a wild-type male. The blonde male delivered three ejaculations and the wild-type male one ejaculation in one condition and the wild-type male three ejaculations and the blonde male one in the other. Litter composition was significantly affected.
Messenger RNA Nuclear Particles and their Attachment to Cytoplasmic Membranes in Krebs Tumour Cells

THE observation that some nuclear particles contain DNA-like RNA (D-RNA) supports the idea that messenger RNA (mRNA) species bind to specific proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes1–4. The mechanism by which the nuclear particles are transported and eventually bind to ribosomes in a translation complex is still uncertain5–9. We now present evidence that D-RNA nuclear particles of about 40–50S contain mRNA species which are transported into the cytoplasm and assemble on the network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ribosomes then bind to this membrane-bound mRNA to form a translation complex. The concept of membrane-bound mRNA has been suggested before10 but has not been conclusively demonstrated.