cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An intelligent controller design based on genetic algorithms

A methodology for designing digital controllers using genetic algorithms (GAs) is presented. A simulated digital proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is designed, and the performance is compared to that obtained using a traditionally designed controller. The GA-based method does not require a mathematical model of the system and yields a controller that performs better than the traditional controller. >
Relative Importance of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River, Texas1

Phillips, Jonathan D., 2010. Relative Importance of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Anthropic Factors in the Geomorphic Zonation of the Trinity River, Texas. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 807-823. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00457.x Abstract: The Trinity River, Texas, was characterized according to its geologic framework, valley width and confinement, slope, sinuosity, channel-floodplain connectivity, and flow regime, leading to the identification of 18 hinge points along the 638 km study area where major transitions in two or more criteria occur. These, and effects of human agency, avulsions, and sea level rise, delineate 21 river styles or zones. Each zone was evaluated with respect to dominant factors determining its geomorphological characteristics: geology/lithology, tectonics, Holocene sea level rise, meandering, cutoffs and other lateral channel changes, avulsions, valley constrictions by alluvial terraces, and paleomeander depressions. Direct human influences (a large impoundment and water withdrawals) are also evident. Entropy of the relationships between these controls and the geomorphological zones shows that all the controls are significant, and each accounts for 4-15% of the total entropy. Geologic controls, lateral channel changes, and constriction by terraces are the three most influential controls, illustrating that controls on river morphology include extrinsic boundary conditions, active process-form interrelationships, and inherited features. Extrinsic and intrinsic controls each account for about a third of the entropy, but the latter includes antecedent features as well as active channel dynamics, underscoring the importance of historical contingency even in alluvial rivers.
Changes in intercellular junctions: I. Embryonic chick liver development

Abstract Quantitation of junctional changes during development may clarify the relation between intercellular junctions and processes such as cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. Chick embryo hepatocytes at 3 days (stage 21) 6 days (stage 28), 14 days (stage 39) of incubation, and 5 days posthatching showed thymidine-labeling indices of 41 ± 1, 33 ± 0.8, 13 ± 0.04, and 7 ± 1%, respectively. This decline in mitotic activity was correlated with a gradual increase in amount of cell surface occupied by tight junctions. In early embryonic stages these junctions were characteristically linear or macular in form. At embryonic stages 28 and 39 the anastomosing strands of the tight-junction networks characteristically had many free ends while in liver from hatched chicks, tight junction strands frequently ran almost parallel to one another. The area covered by gap junctions increased at embryonic stage 28, then declined with further development. Scanning electron microscopy of developing chick liver showed that the elongated cells of hepatic buds are reorganized into hepatic cords between embryonic stages 21 and 28. Cytochemical demonstration of ATPase at the bile canalicular surface is first apparent at embryonic stage 28 and the cell surface occupied by gap junctions is highest near this time. These findings suggest that modification of proliferative rate or of synthetic activity associated with the maturation of hepatocytes could be correlated with predictable changes in junctional patterns.
Stevie wonder school of web design

Stevie Wonder may not be attending classes at your university, but there are certainly students like him that appreciate accessible web design. This web accessibility tutorial will provide hands-on training to participants on how to make existing HTML web documents accessible to users with various disabilities. Limitations often include more than being blind or deaf. You may have students with cognitive learning issues, mobility limitations or other learning disabilities such as dyslexia, epilepsy or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Find out how to make your web page accessible to all audiences.
Analysis of driver evasive maneuvering prior to intersection crashes using event data recorders

Objective: Intersection crashes account for over 4,500 fatalities in the United States each year. Intersection Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (I-ADAS) are emerging vehicle-based active safety systems that have the potential to help drivers safely navigate across intersections and prevent intersection crashes and injuries. The performance of an I-ADAS is expected to be highly dependent upon driver evasive maneuvering prior to an intersection crash. Little has been published, however, on the detailed evasive kinematics followed by drivers prior to real-world intersection crashes. The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency, timing, and kinematics of driver evasive maneuvers prior to intersection crashes.Methods: Event data recorders (EDRs) downloaded from vehicles involved in intersection crashes were investigated as part of NASS-CDS years 2001 to 2013. A total of 135 EDRs with precrash vehicle speed and braking application were downloaded to investigate evasive braking. A smaller subs...
Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the study of heat and its transformation into mechanical work and vice versa. It is codified into three laws, each of which will be discussed in the following chapters. The first of these laws is axiomatic and is generalized from centuries of experience with observing energy transformations. The second law was derived theoretically: it considered what might be the maximum work available during the transfer of heat to a suitable engine. The third law is also derived and defines an absolute minimum for the entropy for certain systems.
PDGFR-α inhibition preserves blood-brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective Perihematomal edema results from disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by key mediators, such as thrombin, following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-α), a tyrosine kinase receptor, was found in previous studies to play a role in orchestrating BBB impairment. In the present study, we investigated the role of PDGFR-α following ICH-induced brain injury in mice, specifically investigating its effect on BBB disruption.
Seniority, Wages and Productivity: A Turbulent Decade

Why does a worker's wage tend to grow with seniority in the firm, and what does this have to do with productivity? Two decades ago, neoclassical labor economists thought that the theory of human capital provided a good answer to this question. The last decade has, however, been one of puzzles and doubt. At this point few would give an unambiguous answer. And much hinges on the answer. An attractive feature of human capital theory is that it yields a consistent and coherent explanation for several aspects of the employer-employee relationship. For example, seniority systems, layoff policies that vary with skill, and the relationship between tenure and turnover can be explained in terms of human capital. The fact that these explanations are connected leads, however, to something like a domino effect: doubts about one cast doubt on the others. If the human capital explanation for the wage-seniority relationship is flawed, then human capital explanations for other phenomena may require reevaluation. In addition, an important body of empirical research is built around the assumption that, at any point in time, a person's wage indicates the person's productivity. Included here is the extensive literature on the human capital earnings function, as well as work on labor demand, market discrimination, and compensating differentials. That assumption has become controversial in recent years, in part because implicit contract theories predict that compensation will be redistributed over the period of the contract. If a person's spot wage has little to do with spot productivity, but rather is an instrument of a complex insurance or deferred compensation scheme, then a reassessment of the empirical research may be necessary.
Assembly engineering: Materials design for the 21st century (2013 P.V. Danckwerts lecture)

We introduce the emerging discipline of Assembly Engineering and its role in the design and synthesis of new materials for next generation applications. We especially highlight the role of computer simulation in discovering the fundamental principles of assembly science and providing critical design tools for assembly engineering.
Performance analysis of the developmental cryogenic active telescope testbed (DCATT)

Various efforts are underway to demonstrate hardware for the NGST. One such effort is the development of the DCATT testbed. This testbed is an NGST effort geared to demonstrating in hardware the end-to-end system functionality. The system includes a segmented telescope, active optics subsystem with a deformable mirror (DM), and a wavefront sensor. The degree to which the DCATT can demonstrate this functionality depends crucially on its performance. A system performance analysis of this testbed is presented. The analysis is based on the design of the DCATT developed by Goddard and JPL. In the analysis, the performance of the system as a function of key system factors is calculated. These factors include the following: control, environmental, fabrication, alignment, and design. The performance after correction by the DM is required to be diffraction-limited at a wavelength of 2.0 microns. The flowdown of this performance is called the corrected error budget. To fully characterize the testbed performance as a system, one must develop a budget for the performance of the system before action of the DM. The flowdown of this performance is called the uncorrected error budget. The top line of this budget is related to the correction capability of the DM.
A sequence variation in intron 17B of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene.

q31-q32), the most common to result in cystic fibrosis (CF) is aF508 (allele fre .. quency 70%) (Kerem, 1989). The significance of polymorphisms in introns 6A, 8, and 17B is un .. clear (Gaspirini et al., 1991; Morral et aI., 1991; Zielenski et al., 1991a). Each of these 3 polymor .. phic regions show at least one pattern strongly as .. sociated with presence of a aF508 allele. Intronic polymorph isms may either have no clear func .. tional significance or may be located in regions which affect RNA splicing and potentially CITR function (Chu et al. , 1991; Zielenski et al. , 1991b). We report a sequence variation of human CFrR intron 17B and describe the frequency of its alleles among CF patients. We detected an intron 17B polymorphism by SSCP screening (Dean et al., 1990) of a PCR product which spanned the 3' end of inrron 178, exon 18, and the 5' end' of intron 18 (Fig. 1). Six percent polyacrylamide (29 acrylamide:0.3 bis) nondenaturing SSCP gels were run at 60 W for 4 hr (4°C). PCR amplification was performed on 150 ng of genomic DNA from a CF patient (25 cycles: 94°C 30 sec, 56°C 30 sec, 72°C 1 min) in a 50 J.1.1 reaction mixture containing 50 mM KCI, 10 mM Tris .. HC1, pH 8.8, 1.5 mM MgCI2, 100 J.1.M dNTP, 0.1 ,.,..1 of 32p dCTP (3000 Ci/mmol), 0.5 U
Elevated plus-maze performance of Fischer-344 rats as a function of age and of exposure to 56Fe particles

Abstract The aging process is characterized by a series of changes in neurochemical functioning and in motor and cognitive performance. In addition to changes in cognitive/behavioral performance, aged rats also show an increase in baseline anxiety measured using the elevated plus-maze. Exposure to 56 Fe particles, a component of cosmic rays, produces neurochemical and behavioral changes in young animals which are characteristic of aged organisms. The present study was designed to determine the relationships between aging and exposure to 56 Fe particles on anxiety. Fischer-344 (F-344), which were 2, 7, 12, and 16 months of age at the time of irradiation, were exposed to 56 Fe particles (50–200 cGy). Concordant with previous results, the oldest rats spent less time exploring the open arms of the maze. Exposure to 56 Fe particles also produced decreased exploration of the open arms of the plus-maze. The dose needed to produce increased levels of anxiety was a function of age at the time of irradiation. The dose of 56 Fe particles needed to produce a decrease in open arm exploration was significantly lower in the rats that were irradiated at 7 and 12 months of age than in the rats irradiated at 2 months of age. These results suggest the possibility that exposing middle-aged astronauts to cosmic rays during exploratory class missions outside the magnetosphere, and the resultant effects on exploration-induced anxiety, may affect their ability to successfully complete mission requirements.
INCREASED PROTEIN CATABOLISM IN THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS: ANATOMICAL CHANGES1

While many experimental studies have been made of anatomical changes which occur in hyperthyroid states, few similar investigations of hypothyroidism have been undertaken. Organ weight changes after thyroidectomy have been described, but observed organ weights have not been related to any standard of reference for comparison. The relationship of food consumption to organ weights is well known, but no study of hypothyroidism, with the rat as the experimental animal, could be found in which actual measurements of food consumption had been made, although it has been stated that food consumption of rats probably is decreased after thyroidectomy (MacKay and MacKay 1931; Addis, Karnofsky, Lew and Poo 1938). In the preceding paper (Persike 1948), data are given to show that the thyroidectomized rats used in these experiments voluntarily ate one half the amount of stock diet which was consumed by unoperated controls of equivalent body weights.
Complementation of transforming functions by temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma virus.

Abstract Complementation tests have been performed on avian sarcoma viruses which are temperature sensitive in their ability to transform cells. A rapid qualitative test and a quantitative test are both described. Eleven mutants which are defective only in transforming properties have been divided into 4 clear complementation groups, with 3 similar mutants not, as yet, assigned to any of these groups. Two further mutants with coordinate lesions in transformation and viral replication comprise another 2 distinct complementation groups. The problems of interpreting the data presented, and the implications of any interpretation, are discussed.
Effects of Coastal Orography on Landfalling Cold Fronts. Part I: Dry, Inviscid Dynamics

Abstract In this study, the interaction of cold fronts with idealized coastal terrain typical of the western United States and Canada is considered. Two issues are examined. First, what are the factors that determine the strength of the coastal winds, and second, what are the orographic effects on the frontal evolution? To address these issues, the authors utilize a two-dimensional, Boussinesq terrain-following coordinate numerical model in which a uniform prescribed flow is forced to move over a plateau. The resultant across-mountain velocities are characterized by a zone of strongly decelerated flow upstream of the windward slope and a train of inertia-gravity waves downstream. A barrier-jet oriented parallel to the mountain is produced by the Coriolis force. The variations of the magnitude of the upstream deceleration and the barrier jet over a wide range of Froude numbers and Rossby numbers are described. Steady, linear theory applied to flow over a plateau shows that the upstream deceleration is dete...
Confronting Whiteness in Public Relations Campaigns and Research with Women

This article addresses the need for more critical work in identifying the relationship between public relations and race. I used the concept of Whiteness to question how women publics have perceived race portrayals in public health messages. Women reported that campaigns have disembodied race, perpetuated reductionist assumptions, and fetishized racial diversity. I interrogated my assumptions and methods as a White researcher to elucidate agency, vulnerability, and performance issues specific to public relations researchers and communicators. I suggest strategies for reflecting upon and situating racial discussions with research participants.
Personality dimensions and domains of service performance: A field investigation

Although recent meta-analytic studies have investigated the validity of the “Big Five” domains of personality by classifying pre-existing personality measures into the five dimensions, published validity studies incorporating explicit measures of the five broad traits are rare. This concurrent validity study examines relationships between direct measures of “Big Five” traits and job performance for a sample of 105 service workers. Analyses specifically examine relationships between three personality dimensions and factorally independent domains of service performance. Both conscientiousness and extraversion are found to correlate with specific performance dimensions. Contrary to our expectation, the extraversion-performance relationship is, however, negative.
In vitro assays of in vivo exposure to cyclophosphamide: induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes, bone-marrow cells and in cultured cells exposed to plasma.

Abstract The in vivo genotoxic potential of cyclophosphamide (CY) was assessed by sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction after removal and in vitro culture of circulating peripheral lymphocytes and bone marrow from CY exposed male, Fischer 344 rats. Plasma was simultaneously obtained and assessed for genotoxic activity by incubation with 4 cultured mammalian cell lines: HepG2, H4-II-E (H4), V79 and IMR-90. These 4 cell types were used to help discriminate the role of metabolism in generating SCE-inducing factors in plasma. HepG2 and H4 have been shown to metabolize certain xenobiotics while V79 and IMR-90 do not. An in vivo dose response to CY at doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mg CY/kg assayed 1 h post-i.p. injection was performed. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes showed a dose-related increase in SCE up to 66.7 SCE/cell at 20 mg/kg (30 mg/kg was cytotoxic). Bone marrow also showed an SCE increase to 34.8 SCE/cell at 10 mg/kg (higher doses were cytotoxic). Plasma induced a dose-dependent SCE increase in the 4 cultured cell lines at all tested doses indicating the presence of direct-acting SCE-inducing metabolites of CY. A time course study using 20 mg CY/kg indicated peak plasma levels of CY genotoxic activity at approximately 0.5–1 h post-injection. By 3 h, the level of genotoxic activity in plasma was considerably reduced. Lymphocytes, however, showed a cumulative increase in SCE to 74.7 SCE/cell after 3 h of exposure. These in vivo exposure - in vitro assay techniques may be useful and facile systems with which to develop an integrative testing system for assessing the in vivo genotoxicity of a chemical.
CONTROL OF LIGHT SCATTERING INDUCED SHIFT IN PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FROM CDTE QUANTUM DOTS ENCAPSULATED IN POLY‐ACRYLAMIDE GEL NANOSPHERES

The transmission of light through a colloidal solution of hydrogel nanospheres based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer depends critically on the refractive index and random light scattering of the medium. These physical properties of the colloidal medium modify the photoluminescence emission from CdTe quantum dots embedded in PNIPAM nanospheres. The optical properties of the quantum dots entrapped within the gel microspheres can be modified by changing the polymer concentration due to change in refractive index or volume density of the surrounding hydrogel medium. A red‐shift of 100 nm has been observed from quantum dots emitting in the green wavelength region as the cell length is increased. This shift is due to resonant energy transfer induced by the larger scattering cross‐section within the medium, which results in a re‐excitation of larger‐sized quantum dots.
Structure and Activity of the Axon Guidance Protein MICAL

During development, neurons are guided to their targets by short- and long-range attractive and repulsive cues. MICAL, a large multidomain protein, is required for the combined action of semaphorins and plexins in axon guidance. Here, we present the structure of the N-terminal region of MICAL (MICALfd) determined by x-ray diffraction to 2.0 A resolution. The structure shows that MICALfd is an FAD-containing module structurally similar to aromatic hydroxylases and amine oxidases. In addition, we present biochemical data that show that MICALfd is a flavoenzyme that in the presence of NADPH reduces molecular oxygen to H2O2 (Km,NAPDH = 222 μM; kcat = 77 sec-1), a molecule with known signaling properties. We propose that the H2O2 produced by this reaction may be one of the signaling molecules involved in axon guidance by MICAL.
The Mark III Astrometric Interferometer

The Mark III stellar interferometer is a phase coherent long baseline telescope Michelson stellar interferometer that has been under construction since 1984. The instrument is designed primarily for accurate wide angle astrometry at the milliarcsecond level. It will use two color measurements to reduce the error due to atmospheric turbulence and a 20-meter baseline, 2.5 milliarcsecond resolution, that is laser monitored to achieve high precision. Initial operation of the Mark III is scheduled for late 1986. The Mark III interferometer uses a number of active subsystems to improve the ease of operation of the stellar interferometer. The siderostat pointing system uses laser interferometers for open loop control and an image correlation star tracker for closed loop control. The laser system, in addition to pointing the instrument, will be used to measure the errors in the gears as well as thermal drift. An optical delay line is used to equalize the path lengths in the interferometer. The delay line is programable in 50A steps with 100A accuracy over a peak to peak range of 20 meters (1 part in 109) with maximum slew rate of 60 cm/sec. A Kalman filter phase estimator will be developed for the stellar fringe tracker. In addition to astrometry, we are planning to build additions to the instrument for optical aperture synthesis. Operation in the phased imaging mode for bright objects as well as the amplitude mode for photon starved objects are eventually planned with a multispectral, multi-r° aperture fringe detector and high speed, real time signal processor.
The Role of the Insertion Loop around Tryptophan 148 in the Activity of Thrombin

Thrombin has trypsin-like specificity for Arg-Xaa and Lys-Xaa peptide bonds; however, it is much more specific than trypsin, cleaving far fewer peptide bonds in macromolecular substrates. To probe the nature of the specificity of thrombin, a mutant has been constructed in which the Trp148 loop of thrombin has been replaced with the same loop of bovine trypsin. This mutant was expressed in Escherichia coli as prethrombin-2(148) using a T7 expression system previously described for wild-type prethrombin-2 [DiBella et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 163−169]. After refolding and purification, prethrombin-2(148) was activated to thrombin(148) with Echis carinatus snake venom. The kcat/Km for the release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen was 4.5 ± 0.5 μM-1 s-1 for thrombin(148), which was ∼20% of that of recombinant thrombin (25 ± 2.0 μM-1 s-1). Thrombin(148) was inhibited less well by hirudin with a Ki of 500 pM compared to a value of 12 pM determined for recombinant thrombin. The mutant thrombin was also co...
The Ethics of Academic Behavior: Will It Affect Professional Behavior?

Abstract Academic behavior on college campuses may be a precursor to professional behavior. This study used a scenario involving questionable academic behavior to determine (a) if students perceived the behavior as ethical or not, (b) whom they perceived to be the most culpable, and (c) whether they believed a relationship existed between campus behavior and professional behavior. A test to determine if any of the differences in perception could be attributed to gender showed that gender was not a significant factor in the students' perceptions. A majority of the students did believe, however, that the behavior was unethical and that academic behavior is related to business behavior.
Recognizing body poses using multilinear analysis and semi-supervised learning

This paper presents an approach to full-body human pose recognition using features extracted from stereo silhouettes via multilinear analysis in a semi-supervised learning framework. Inputs to the proposed approach are pairs of silhouette images obtained from wide baseline binocular cameras. Through multilinear analysis, low dimensional view-invariant pose coefficient vectors can be extracted from these stereo silhouette pairs. Taking these pose coefficient vectors as features, a recently proposed state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning method, Universum, is adopted for pose recognition. Experiment results obtained using real image data showed the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Detection of Epstein—Barn Virus Genome in Ocular Tissues

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous mucosal pathogen with a propensity for lifelong, asymptomatic persistence. Because of reported associations between EBV and ocular inflammatory disorders, we tested ocular tissues from normal eyes for presence of the EBV genome. Methods: Ten freshly harvested cadaveric human eyes were dissected into limbal cornea, central cornea, aqueous humor, iris, vitreous humor, and optic nerve. Total cellular DNA preparations were screened for DNA sequences specific to EBV's large internal repeat region. After Southern transfer, polymerase chain reaction products were detected by a 32 P-labeled oligonucleotide probe specific to amplified sequences internal to the polymerase chain reaction primers. Results: Seven of ten eyes from deceased donors yielded a polymerase chain reaction product, indicating presence of EBV genome. In all, 12 (20%) of 60 cadaveric ocular samples contained EBV DNA. Only the optic nerve was consistently negative for EBV DNA. Conclusions: Detection of EBV DNA in cadaveric ocular tissues indicates a broad anatomic distribution of this persistent mucosal pathogen. The frequency with which EBV was found at apparently normal ocular sites raises the possibility for viral involvement in disease states, but emphasizes the need for specific criteria to implicate EBV in ocular pathology.
Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus - I. Comparison of neurologic, histologic, and morphometric parameters with dystonic mice

C57BL/KsJdb/db inbred mice have an hereditary autosomal recessive disease resembling in some respects maturity onset human diabetes mellitus. At 8–11 months of age, they displayed intermittent symptoms suggestive of a mild sensory neuropathy. These symptoms consisted of adduction of their hind limbs and flexing hind paws when raised by the tail, and inability to maintain their position on the roto wheel. Peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia of the diabetic mice were compared with those of the unafflicted littermates and studied with respect to Schwann cell counts and myclinated nerve fiber diameter measurements. In addition, teased fibers of peripheral nerves were compared for obvious changes in internodal distance and demyelination. Chromatolytic neurons were more abundant in lumbosacral spinal ganglia of diabetic mice than in corresponding ganglia of controls or in more anterior spinal ganglia and trigeminal ganglia of diabetics. Histologic studies showed an increase in Schwann cell counts in longitudinal sections of peripheral nerves. A similar but larger increase was observed in peripheral nerves of mice affected with an hereditary sensory neuropathy, dystonia musculorum. A small but general decrease in myelinated fiber diameter was observed in sensory and motor nerves.
Response to Letter Regarding Article “Atherosclerosis 2005: Recent Discoveries and Novel Hypotheses”

We thank Drs Williams and Tabas for their interest in our work1 and agree that there is a substantial body of evidence supporting the role of hyperlipidemia in atherogenesis. In our review, we addressed this point and indicated that cholesterol may be sufficient to alter the homeostasis of the arterial wall in susceptible individuals even at levels previously considered “normal.” To explain the spectrum of atherosclerotic lesions at any given lipid level, we hypothesized that some individuals might have robust …
Smartphone application for transmission of ECG images in pre-hospital STEMI treatment

An S-T segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a severe heart attack that kills heart muscle every minute it is left untreated. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival. Currently, Charlottesville ambulances that service the University of Virginia hospital are equipped with proprietary systems that send electrocardiogram (ECG) images while the ambulance is en route to the hospital. From an ECG, a doctor can diagnose a STEMI prior to patient arrival and prepare for surgery, thereby reducing the time delay. However, these ambulance systems are costly and provide no feedback regarding the success of an ECG transmission. This paper describes the development of an inexpensive iPhone application that transmits ECG images over the AT&T data network to the hospital prior to a patient's arrival. The application is designed to dovetail with the existing STEMI-care protocol used by Charlottesville-area Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), and it provides a novel red/green light indicator predicting successful receipt of the image within two minutes. The goal of the application is to improve process efficiency and information flow allowing the patient to receive early, appropriate care and the best chance for a successful recovery. Test results, including usability tests, show that the application fulfills all key requirements. A prototype of the application will be evaluated by Charlottesville area Emergency Medical Technicians prior to implementation in emergency response protocols and long term deployment elsewhere.
School Board Leadership and Policymaking in Changing Political Environments

As the demographic make-up of public schools (and neighborhoods) shift and schools become increasingly segregated, the role of school boards becomes critically important in maintaining policies designed to remedy segregation and promote equal opportunity, policies which may challenge the status quo. Specifically, in school districts and communities where politics are fluctuating, longstanding diversity policies that have assisted in creating integrated learning environments can be overturned by a single school board election. Further, as suburbanization within countywide school districts creates distinct enclaves—where student populations are significantly whiter and more affluent than the district as a whole and political fragmentation is perpetuated—school board members representing elite enclaves may be less supportive of policies that would lessen the privilege of these residents. This paper explores school board leadership and policymaking in two Southern school districts where politics are currently in flux: Jefferson County (Louisville), Kentucky and Wake County (Raleigh), North Carolina. Specifically, we seek to: (1) understand how demographic change—particularly the creation of suburban enclaves—influences public support for and implementation of integration policies; (2) examine the politics of diversity in a larger environment skeptical of race-conscious policies; and (3) analyze local policymaking and leadership.
Is Japanese management superior? Evidence from the performance of the USA targets in partial acquisitions

Abstract This paper examines the efficacy of Japanese management and corporate governance by comparing the long-term post-merger operating performance of the U.S. targets acquired by Japanese bidders compared to the performance of well-matched U.S. targets of U.S. bidders. Unlike prior studies that focus on short-term stock price reactions of target firms, it is possible to undertake this long-term analysis of performance by identifying targets that survive as independent entities because of partial acquisitions. The findings suggest that targets of Japanese bidders either perform no differently from targets of U.S. bidders, or possibly even underperform. Thus, the evidence does not support the oft-claimed superiority of Japanese management and corporate governance system.
Adaptive control of indoor temperature in a building

In today's economy, everyone wants to reduce the cost of energy consumption in a building. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are analyzed to make them more adaptive to maintain the thermal comfort conditions of a living space. This paper presents an adaptive one step ahead and an adaptive weighted one step ahead controller for controlling the indoor air temperature of a building modeled by a bilinear system. It also presents the results of a simulation study that demonstrate good performance of the proposed adaptive control schemes.
Imitation and locus of control

Abstract This study dealt with the relationship between Locus of Control and imitation. Based on a review of the social influence literature, it was hypothesized that external individuals would imitate equally under a condition of model-reward and a condition of no model-reward. It was further hypothesized that internal subjects would demonstrate more imitation under a condition of model-reward than under the condition of no model-reward. Male college students were classified as internal or external on the basis of their scores on the Locus of Control Scale. Internals imitated a rewarded model significantly more than a nonrewarded model. Externals imitated both models equally and at a rate comparable to internals who observed a rewarded model. Subject ratings of model competence were also positively related to imitation among internals but not among externals. The results are interpreted as offering support for the general notion of the effect of observer characteristics on imitation.
Survey of Ground-Water Protection Methods for Illinois Landfills

The City of Champaign, Illinois, began controlled landfilling of its municipal refuse as early as 1904. Since that time, the disposal of solid wastes by sanitary landfilling has developed from a desirable concept, seldom utilized, to a science, carefully implemented and regulated. Illinois is typical of an area of humid continental climate whose citizens and industries depend heavily on ground-water supplies developed from both nearsurface and bedrock aquifers. Seasonal water-table fluctuations may be large in some parts of the State, but ground water is seldom far below the surface. Special problems are often encountered in design of protective systems and development of monitoring programs for solid waste disposal sites in this area to safeguard valuable ground-water resources. Critical decisions, often involving considerable time and expense to the disposal site operator, must frequently be made by regulatory agencies responsible for licensing and surveillance of solid waste disposal sites in such a hydrogeologic environment. These problems have been compounded by the fact that State regulatory agencies have only recently realized the importance of hiring hydrogeologists, soil scientists, chemists and engineers to effectively implement and enforce their environmental control programs relating to solid waste disposal. This paper summarizes the experience in Illinois of development of a rational program for protection of the State's ground and surface water from the indiscriminant disposal of solid wastes. Classes of solid waste sites recognized in the State and their position in terms of the hydro-geologic environment are presented. Means of controlling landfill leachate, either by natural renovation in subsurface materials or by engineered collection and treatment are discussed. Examples are presented which illustrate the in-field implementation of protective systems and monitoring devices for ground water in Illinois, which should be generally applicable to other areas of the country of similar geology and climate.
O ÚLTIMO DOS MOHICANOS e O GUARANI: DUAS VISÕES PARALELAS DO NOVO MUNDO

Embora Jose de Alencar negasse qualquer afinidade entre o seu romance, O Guarani, e The Last of the Mohicans de James Fenimore Cooper, de fato as duas obras compartilham aspectos capitais a respeito de tematica, proposito e caraterizacao. Ambas obras tem sido criticadas por apresentarem precisamente o que os autores pretendiam apresentar, quer dizer, uma versao idealizada em vez de historicamente exata do indio e da imensa floresta americana. Da mesma maneira que os românticos da Europa procuraram na Idade Media as virtudes de inocencia, fe e coragem, Cooper e Alencar criaram os identicos valores medievais nas regioes silvestres do Novo Mundo ao exaltarem o indigena ja destruido pela civilizacao do branco. Peri e Uncas encarnam todas as qualidades de beleza fisica e excelencia moral que os românticos tinham concedido a sua imagem simbolica
Improved separation of phospholipids in thin layer chromatography

The mobile phases described permit separation of the six major phospholipids of amniotic fluid in one dimension with either conventional or high performance thin layer chromatography. An example of this separation with an extract of amniotic fluid is given.
Feature structures based Tree Adjoining Grammars

We have embedded Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG) in a feature structure based unification system. The resulting system, Feature Structure based Tree Adjoining Grammars (FTAG), captures the principle of factoring dependencies and recursion, fundamental to TAG's. We show that FTAG has an enhanced descriptive capacity compared to TAG formalism. We consider some restricted versions of this system and some possible linguistic stipulations that can be made. We briefly describe a calculus to represent the structures used by this system, extending on the work of Rounds, and Kasper [Rounds et al. 1986, Kasper et al. 1986] involving the logical formulation of feature structures.
Cyclophilin A is present in rat germ cells and is associated with spermatocyte apoptosis

Recent investigations in our laboratory revealed divalent cation-dependent endonuclease activity in testes from 2-methoxyethanol-treated rats, which was able to cleave substrate DNA into a pattern of DNA fragmentation consisting of 180-200 base pairs. Further studies were undertaken to characterize the active nuclease. F344 rats were treated with 2-methoxyethanol, a glycol ether that causes the death of pachytene spermatocytes in juvenile and adult rats. The active nuclease was found in nuclear extract from treated animals, but not controls. A radioactive gel nuclease assay, which detects degradation and loss of 32 P-labeled DNA from a DNA-containing polyacrylamide gel, localized the nuclease activity to a band of 18 kDa. This activity was dependent on calcium and was inhibited by both zinc and aurintricarboxylic acid. Amino acid sequence data showed that this protein was identical to cyclophilin A. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cyclophilin A found specific staining in pachytene spermatocytes, spermatids, interstitial cells, and Sertoli cell nuclei. Cyclophilin A staining was present in both control and 2-methoxyethanol-treated rat testes in a stage-dependent manner, with pachytene spermatocytes in stage-VIII-XIV seminiferous tubules most heavily stained. These data demonstrate that rat testis germ cells contain relatively high levels of cyclophilin A whose nuclease activity is associated with spermatocyte apoptosis induced by 2-methoxyethanol.
Mechanisms of Chromatin Remodeling Motors

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling motors regulate the access of DNA during replication, transcription, recombination and repair. The mechanisms by which these motors function are not well understood. We will present our recent advances on understanding the mechanism of the chromatin remodeling complex, ACF.
Subharmonic resonance of a trapped wave near a vertical cylinder in a channel

It is known that perfectly trapped surface waves exist at certain eigenfrequencies near a vertical cylinder in a long channel, or an infinite and periodic array of vertical cylinders, and excitation by incident waves of the same frequency is not possible according to the linear theory. We present a nonlinear theory whereby a trapped wave near a cylinder in a channel is excited subharmonically by an incident wave of twice the eigenfrequency. The effects of geometrical parameters on the initial growth of resonance and the final amplification are studied in detail.
Religion, Heritage, and Politics: Literary Representations of St. Patrick's Purgatory in Spain During the 1620s and the Agenda of the Irish Émigrés Behind Them

In 1627–28, the legend of St. Patrick's Purgatory served as inspiration for three literary works: Vida y purgatorio de San Patricio (1627) by Juan Perez de Montalban, El mayor prodigio y purgatorio en la vida (1627) by Lope de Vega, and El purgatorio de San Patricio (1628) by Pedro Calderon de la Barca. This curious phenomenon has intrigued scholars for more than a century; however, while critics have studied various textual aspects of these works, they have ignored the sociopolitical factors that made the Irish question a topic of interest to a Spanish audience. During the first quarter of the seventeenth century, many Irish emigres fleeing Protestant persecution in their homeland sought refuge in Spain, which caused much heated debate throughout the country. With the arrival of Felipe IV to the throne, the 1620s saw a concerted effort in the Irish colleges to justify to the king and his court the Irish presence in Spain on the basis of their religious, ancestral, and political affinities with the Spania...
Exhibitionism: Genesis, dynamics and treatment

A successfully treated case of Male Genital Exhibitionism is described. Privacy is an essential component of a growth-promoting environment. Lack of privacy during childhood may well be a central contributing factor in the genesis of exhibitionism. An exhibitionist affirms, in the act of exposure, that which is denied in the childhood home situation where privacy is lacking: (a) “I exist, I have life-space,” (b) “It doesmake a difference (confirmed by the reaction of the ‘victim’) that I have a penis”. The act simultaneously affirms his right to show-off. Exhibitionism constitutesnon-legitimate showing-off; the treatment includes a shift tolegitimate showing-off. The arrest, asa means to avoid success, appears to be more important motivation than any strictly sexual or psychological gratifications inherent in the act itself. A six-point program for the treatment of exhibitionists (and perhaps other “sexual offenders”) is offered as a set of efficacious tools (procedures) for successful treatment.
Creatine kinase activity in serum and uric acid solution

Abstract Skeletal muscle creatine kinases from man and rabbit, activated to measured specific activities by thiol agents, were inactivated in human serum and in uric acid solution, and the extent of their subsequent reactivation by dithiothreitol was determined. Both enzymes were completely reactivated from uric acid solution but were only 60–70% reactivated from serum. No inactivation occurred within 14 days if serum samples contained dithiothreitol (0.01 M) and were stored at —17°C.
Effect of hyperoxia on liver necrosis induced by hepatotoxins.

We have tested the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on necrosis of rat liver induced by the administration of several toxins. The extent of liver necrosis was determined 24 h after the administration of the toxins by measurement of serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and by histologic and ultrastructural analyses. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen decreases carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced necrosis in a manner dependent upon duration and pressure of oxygen exposure. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital diminishes this protective effect. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment before or immediately after CC14 intoxication is protective. Loss of protection is rapid; hyperbaric oxygen treatment 6 h after CC14 intoxication augments the liver necrosis. No delayed necrogenic effects of CC14 are seen in the animals treated with hyperbaric oxygen immediately. Hyperbaric oxygen augments the liver necrosis induced by acetaminophen, bromobenzene, dimethylnitrosamine or thioacetamide. This augmented necrosis is averted by prolonged treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen has no effect on liver injury induced by galactosamine or lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that hyperoxia decreases the hepatic necrosis induced by compounds which undergo reductive biotransformation by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system; hyperoxia augments the necrosis induced by compounds which undergo oxidative biotransformation by this system. Biotransformation of toxins appears to be nonspecifically inhibited by hyperoxic exposure of long duration.
Skills Versus Apprehension: Empirical Euidence on Oral Communication

Regardless of their oral communication ability, students must be willing to use their communication skills to be successful in business professions. A pro gram of study that addresses communication skills may not satisfactorily address the apprehension students may feel about communicating. In this study we administered the Personal Report of Communication Appreliension (PRCA) to 84 accounting seniors at an institution whose curriculum requires significant communication skills training and practice. We conclude that busi ness educators must pay special attention to communication apprehension separate from, and in addition to, communication skills.
The rectifier calculus

INITIAL efforts in rectifier engineering have quite naturally been directed toward mechanical design. But as the proportion of industrial power load carried by rectifiers is becoming large, due to electrolytic plants (electrochemical industries) and other new applications, it is important to be able to solve the more difficult circuit problems without excessive labor.