cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supreme Court Coverage: Using Kelo and Citizens United to Measure Media Bias

Much research has been conducted to quantify the overall level of biased coverage by media outlets. However, little has been done to specifically investigate how biases may affect coverage of Supreme Court decisions. Salience studies have shown that media outlets give different amounts of coverage to Supreme Court decisions based on whether the decisions are favored by liberals or conservatives. For example, the front page of the New York Times covers twenty-eight percent of Supreme Court decisions decided by the liberal Justices, but only nineteen percent of decisions decided by the conservative Justices. However, these Supreme Court salience studies reveal only the frequency of coverage. Coverage frequency does not necessarily correspond to bias. There could be a number of benign explanations for the twenty-eight percent versus nineteen percent disparity. Perhaps the issues in the liberal decisions were more newsworthy. Perhaps the liberal decisions were covered more critically than the conservative cases. While case salience studies provide valuable information, without accounting for these variables they do little to address bias. It is possible that these New York Times front page findings are consistent with neutral Supreme Court coverage or even with coverage biased in favor of a conservative ideology. Salience studies simply do not provide enough evidence to say either way. In our research we examined the New York Times’ coverage of two unpopular twenty-first century Supreme Court decisions (one issued by conservative Justices, the other by liberal Justices) to determine if there are indicators of bias in reporting about Supreme Court decisions. For each case, we calculated the percentage of articles discussing the case that contain explicit mentions of the ideological split, thereby creating an objective standard to expose potential latent biases in reporting about the Supreme Court. To confirm the results, we applied the standard to reporting from other media outlets. While the separate topics of media bias and Supreme Court case salience have been extensively covered elsewhere, our analysis will greatly benefit those interested specifically in reportage of Supreme Court decisions. We conclude our report with a discussion of how biased reporting on the judiciary can be more detrimental to society than biased reporting on the executive and legislative branches.
Is your Worker Training Effective

Significant increases in herd size in the dairy industry have resulted in hired labor providing primary care and management of the cows guided by protocols. Worker training programs have been instituted to provide workers with an understanding of the hows and whys of the protocols they are asked to follow. The ultimate goal of training is to have competent workers carrying out best management practices on the dairy in a manner that promotes the health, well-being and productivity of cows in the herd. This paper describes evaluation of worker training effectiveness that includes assessment of knowledge and skill acquisition, reduction of protocol drift and monitoring of worker behavior and animal health and productivity. Veterinary practitioners have a great opportunity to facilitate worker training sessions and monitoring to provide a complete, effective worker training program to the dairies they serve.
FOOD WASTE-OBESITY NEXUS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS

One-third of the world produced food is wasted according to FAO (2011). As well, obesity has tripled since 1975 (WHO, 2018). The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between food waste and obesity in terms of perceptions and behaviors in Egypt. to achieve this objective, an exploratory analysis is carried out considering factors to be tested affecting both phenomena identified by the recent literature. Results indicate that the relation between the two factors is found statistically significant. Additionally, the individual’s perception about food waste and obesity was examined at the household level. The findings suggest considering these factors when developing new policies and campaigns for food waste/obesity reduction.
Effect of Power Plant Capacity on the CAPEX, OPEX, and LCOC of the CO2 Capture Process in Pre-Combustion Applications

Abstract Recently, there has been a renewed focus in the gasification research community on the development of small-scale modular gasifiers that can take advantage of local solid feedstocks, and modular-scale synthesis reactors, which can generate local fuels, chemicals, and fertilizers. To fully realize the benefits of modular-scale systems, however, it is crucial for the cost of the required CO2 capture to remain low, even at reduced flow rates compared with large-scale IGCC-CCS power plants. In this work, the CO2 capture process in seven pre-combustion power plant with capacities ranging from 54 to 543 MW was modeled using Aspen Plus v8.8. Four physical solvents (PEGPDMS-1, PEGPDMS-3, [bmim][Tf2N], and [emim][Tf2N]) were used to capture CO2 from a typical sulfur-free fuel gas streams in a countercurrent packed-bed absorber. The experimental solubilities of the fuel gas components in the solvents were modeled using the PC-SAFT Equation-of-State. For each power plant capacity, the absorber flooding was checked for all solvents under the operating conditions used. The simulation results showed that increasing power plant capacity from 54 to 543 MW increased the operating expenditure (OPEX) from 2.6 to 30 MM$/year and the capital expenditure (CAPEX) from 10 to 58 MM$. On the other hand, increasing power plant capacity decreased the OPEX and CAPEX expressed in $/ton CO2 captured, reducing the levelized cost of the CO2 capture (LCOC) of the process from 12.50 to 7.58 $/ton CO2 captured, which was attributed to the increased tonnage of the CO2 removed
Capturing the anorexia nervosa phenotype: Conceptual and normative issues in ICD-11.

Introduction ICD-11's diagnostic definition possesses conceptual lacunae and normative implications calling for further attention. Method Assumptions underlying it and their ethical implications, are examined employing philosophical analysis; particularly, these are (1) changes to eliminate implications of voluntary agency to caloric restriction; (2) definitions of "dangerously low weight;" and (3) disorder boundaries as stated in qualifications and exclusions. Results (1) The extent to which AN behaviour can be acknowledged to be driven by forces out of, or limiting, voluntary control is unresolved; this is illustrated using the contested part played by excessive exercise, clarification of which requires understanding of AN motivation. (2) AN's uncertain aetiology leaves doubt over the sub-threshold state. This affects not only when treatment is appropriate, but how definitions of morbidly low body weight are determined, putting individuals with prodromal symptoms at the social risks associated with "medicalizing" normal variation. Concluded here is not that ICD-11's conservative definition is mistaken but that since false positives are common, they must be factored into the complex cost-risk assessments involved. (3) ICD-11 efforts to minimize reliance on subjective motivation reveal limitations in exclusion criteria. Were AN motivation itself better understood, it would be possible to deal with non-anorexic motivation by exclusion. But the history of "fat fears" illustrates that uncertainty attaches to interpretations of AN motivation. Neither AN motivation nor cultural norms around other forms of self-starvation admit of clear characterization, leaving an impasse. Discussion At least with present day medical and scientific knowledge, a complete characterization of the AN phenotype cannot be achieved without reference to psychological states of motivation. And more research, not only clinical, genetic and neurobiological but also conceptual and ethical, will be required to resolve the challenges presented by AN.
Liver metastases

Liver metastases, especially from colorectal primary cancers, are treatable and potentially curable. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and sonography have advanced in recent years and led to increased sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of liver metastases.
Book Review: The Blue Sapphire of the Mind: Notes for a Contemplative Ecology

The Blue Sapphire of the Mind: Notes for a Contemplative Ecology. By Douglas E. Christie. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. xv + 431 pp. $29.95 (cloth).As the former country girl George Eliot once remarked, "To make men moral something more is requisite than to turn them out to grass." In the current ecological crisis of our planet, questions of epistemology have arisen in the literature of nature and spirituality from the economics of Malcolm Young to philosophy of beauty in Kathryn Alexander. In this eloquent and very personal contribution, Douglas Christie unites his passion for the ancient desert monks with his contemporary love of and grief for the natural world in a "contemplative ecology." He argues that "the contemplative tradition can be seen as deeply sympathetic to a strain of thought within ecological literature and poetry that places great value on the place of noticing, describing, and feeling the simple pleasure of the physical world for its own sake." Christie goes on to suggest that while the practice of this awareness alone may not be enough "to help us redress the pernicious effects of our utilitarian and acquisitive culture, the recovery of such capacity will almost certainly be necessary to the kind of sustained imaginative, ecological, and spiritual renewal that we need" (p. 325).Drawing on a range of contemplative spiritual and nature writing, Christie weaves his own experiences into literary analysis structured around monastic spiritual categories to "help us see, inhabit, and tend to the world" (p. xi). The first two chapters argue for the common ground between contemplative spiritual writings and observant writings about the natural world. Both are seeking "wholeness" through practices of observation: the monks withdrawing to the holy vacuum of the desert and naturalists recording the ecological hardships often ignored in modem industrial experience. Confessing his own detachment from the natural world as a child, he draws on literature both natural and spiritual to invoke attention and recover the presence of the sacred: "We are learning again to value particular places and consider more deeply what is essential and necessary in our lives" (p. 27). Juxtaposing Antony and Evagrius together with Aldo Leopold and Henry David Thoreau, he explores the retrieval of conscious wholeness and ethical principles of "thinking like a mountain" and the "blue presence of God on Sinai."The following chapters continue to weave ecology together with specific monastic themes: Penthos acknowledges ecological loss, moving through repentance to appreciation of what is left. …
Federal Incursions and State Defiance: Punitive Damages in the Wake of Philip Morris v. Williams

For more than a decade, the United States Supreme Court has intervened in state courts to police outlier punitive damages jury awards. As an interloper in the domain of state common law, the Court walks a fine line. The Court has been forthright about its resolve to restrain what it deems to be grossly excessive punitive damages jury awards, invoking its constitutional authority under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. At the same time, the Court treads gingerly to avoid trampling upon the legitimate state interests inherent in the award by juries, and subsequent appellate review by state courts, of punitive damages. The resultant partial “federalization” of punitive damages produces an inherently unstable equilibrium, with the Court’s federal excessiveness review superimposed on state substantive and procedural law of punitive damages. Fault lines have emerged in the federal-state punitive damages tectonics. The tale of Philip Morris v. Williams is a hiccup in the unfolding story of increasing federalization of the law of punitive damages. It highlights some underappreciated inherent limitations, given our federal system, on federal court authority and power in the state law realm of punitive damages. It provides an example alternately of courage or of woeful defiance on the part of a state court that stood up to the U.S. Supreme Court. But, most significantly, it lays bare - and, more provocatively, may unleash - the untapped potential on the part of state courts and legislatures to stake out the metes and bounds of the legitimate state interests in punitive damages. To date, states have not pressed non-retributive punishment rationales for punitive damages. But if a state were to articulate a societal compensatory or deterrence purpose in enacting a statutory multiplier for certain torts, or a split-recovery scheme (or a combination of both), the Court would be hard-pressed to strike down these legislative enactments as unconstitutional. Should Williams awaken the sleeping state giants, that would be an ironic twist of fate for a Court that has downplayed the federalism interests at stake in its unfolding punitive damages jurisprudence.
Organizing Diversity: An Examination of U.S. Metropolitan Areas in the '90s

Even if metropolitan areas occupy only a small percentage of the total U.S.territory, they contain the majority of the nation’s population and jobs, hence learning asmuch as possible about them is essential. This study classifies and describes metropolitanareas based on their propensity to specialize in goods-related or service-relatedemployment, contributing to a better understanding of the relationships between somelocal factors and the probability that an area is specialized in a certain sector.An interesting conclusion of the study is that when classifying metropolitan areas,considering the type and size of the basic employment sector for each of them is helpful.Furthermore, the results suggest that the probability of an area being specialized in goodsdeclines strongly with its crime rate. Indeed, areas specialized in goods tend to have lowercrime and poverty rates and a relatively more equal income distribution (H7, R12, L6,L8, J)
Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, represents a potential novel therapeutic target for breast cancer

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4422 Background. The goal of this project was to analyze human breast cancer gene expression data to identify novel therapeutic targets. We searched for genes with marked and consistent bimodal expression in multiple microarray date sets and took promising candidates to the laboratory for in vitro validation. Material and Methods. We used Silverman’s smoothed bootstrap test for unimodality to identify bimodally expressed genes in (i) MD Anderson set of 147 arrays, (ii) Erasmus set of 286 arrays (Wang et al, Lancet, 2005). Expression data was generated with Affymetrix U133A Genechips. VAV3 was selected for further in vitro studies because it was consistently bimodally expressed and has been previously involved in cell proliferation and signal transduction in non-malignant cells. VAV3 protein expression was examined in 8 breast cancer cell lines in vitro. The effects of VAV3 downregulation (siRNA) on cell proliferation and kinase pathways were assessed. Results. Western blot analyses showed that VAV3 was expressed in two breast cancer cell lines (MDA453 and T47D). Both transient and stable transfections with a VAV3 specific siRNA decreased cell proliferation of T47D and MDA453 cell lines. Stimulation of VAV3-expressing cell lines by EGF induced VAV3 phosphorylation. VAV3 downregulation decreased phosphorylation of PAK1 (ser144) and ER (ser 118). Since VAV3 is involved in Rac1 pathway activation, we further hypothesized that targeting Rac1 by specific inhibitors ([NSC23766][1], Nat Med, 2005) could lead to cell growth decrease in VAV3+ cell lines. The exposure of VAV3+ cell lines (T47D and MDA453) to 50 μmol/l of [NSC23766][1] (IC50 for rac1 inhibition) decreased by 80 to 90% the cell survival at day 4. Conclusion. Analysis of bimodally expressed genes in breast cancer leads to the identification of VAV3 and downstream pathway (Rac1) as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=NSC23766&atom=%2Fcanres%2F67%2F9_Supplement%2F4422.atom
Blast Loaded Buried Arches

Within the range of parameters investigated, the scaling of the variables associated with the motion of the tested arch floor and the maximum thrust and bending moment are adequately verified. The acceleration, velocity, and displacement of the arch floor scale closely for the response times considered. The variations in thrust and moment from the predicted curve are attributed to model distortions. Four semicircular fixed-end aluminum alloy arches with 4-in., 8-in., 12-in., and 36-in. diameter were buried in dense, dry sand and subjected to air blast pressures at the surface ranging from 70 psi to 300 psi. The geometrically similar arches were tested simultaneously to provide the same pressure on all four arches. The distortion in time was considered insignificant. The series of tests were conducted to investigate and verify model-to-prototype scaling relations for blast loaded buried arches in the elastic and inelastic range of response.
Silent Circuit Affects Metabolism in Escherichia coli K12

The bgl operon encodes proteins for the utilization of β-glucoside sugars s such as salicin but is not expressed in wild-type cells. Either the overexpression of LeuO or BglJ results in activation ...
Intelligent-machine research at CESAR

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR) is a national center for multidisciplinary long-range research and development (R&D) in machine intelligence and advanced control theory. Intelligent machines (including sensor-based robots) can be viewed as artificially created operational systems capable of autonomous decision making and action. One goal of the research is autonomous remote operations in hazardous environments. This review describes highlights of CESAR research through 1986 and alludes to future plans.
An agent-environment interaction model

This paper develops a model for precisely defining how an agent interacts with objects in its environment through the use of its capabilities. Capabilities are recursively defined in terms of lower-level capabilities and actions, which represent atomic interactions with the environment. Actions are used to represent both sensors and effectors. The paper shows how the model can be used to represent both software and physical agents and their capabilities. The paper also shows how the model can be integrated into the Organization-based Multiagent Systems Engineering methodology.
Products of the porcine group C rotavirus NSP3 gene bind specifically to double-stranded RNA and inhibit activation of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR.

Abstract The porcine group C rotavirus (Cowden strain) NSP3 protein (the group C equivalent of the group A gene 7 product, formerly called NS34) shares homology with known double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, such as the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. A clone of NSP3, expressed both in vitro and in COS-1 cells, led to the synthesis of minor amounts of a product with an M(r) of 45,000 (the expected full-length M(r) of NSP3) and major amounts of products with M(r)s of 38,000 and 8,000. Restriction enzyme digestion analysis prior to expression in vitro and amino-terminal sequence analysis suggest that the products with M(r)s of 38,000 and 8,000 are cleavage products of the protein with an M(r) of 45,000. The full-length protein and the product with an M(r) of 8,000, both of which contain the motif present in double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, bound specifically to double-stranded RNA. The products with M(r)s of 45,000 and 8,000 were also detected in Cowden strain-infected MA104 cells. NSP3 products expressed in COS-1 cells were capable of inhibiting activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase similar to other double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, and NSP3 products expressed in HeLa cells were capable of rescuing the replication of an interferon-sensitive deletion mutant of vaccinia virus.
An Overview of CAS Standards: The Role in Self-Assessment and Evaluation

This chapter explores CAS as a tool for collecting assessment and evaluation data in community college student affairs offices. Details are provided about accessing the self-assessment modules, as well as the resources available to assist colleges with data collection. Finally, the chapter will explore how to use the data to advocate for programming, and the implementation of findings to leverage resources for future work.
Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis of High-Frequency Asian FX Rates

FX pricing processes are nonstationary and their frequency characteristics are time-dependent. Most do not conform to geometric Brownian motion, since they exhibit a scaling law with a Hurst exponent between zero and 0.5 and fractal dimensions between 1.5 and 2. This paper uses wavelet multiresolution analysis, with Haar wavelets, to analyze the nonstationarity (time-dependence) and self-similarity (scale-dependence) of intra-day Asian currency spot exchange rates. These are the ask and bid quotes of the currencies of eight Asian countries (Japan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand), and of Germany for comparison, for the crisis period May 1, 1998 - August 31, 1997, provided by Telerate (U.S. dollar is the numeraire). Their time-scale dependent spectra, which are localized in time, are observed in wavelet based scalograms. The FX increments can be characterized by the irregularity of their singularities. This degrees of irregularity are measured by homogeneous Hurst exponents. These critical exponents are used to identify the fractal dimension, relative stability and long term dependence of each Asian FX series. The invariance of each identified Hurst exponent is tested by comparing it at varying time and scale (frequency) resolutions. It appears that almost all FX markets show anti-persistent pricing behavior. The anchor currencies of the D-mark and Japanese Yen are ultra-efficient in the sense of being most anti-persistent. The Taiwanese dollar is the most persistent, and thus unpredictable, most likely due to administrative control. FX markets exhibit these non-linear, non-Gaussian dynamic structures, long term dependence, high kurtosis, and high degrees of non-informational (noise) trading, possibly because of frequent capital flows induced by non-synchronized regional business cycles, rapidly changing political risks, unexpected informational shocks to investment opportunities, and, in particular, investment strategies synthesizing interregional claims using cash swaps with different duration horizons.
Abstract 1621: Discovery of pyridyl pyrrolopyridinones as potent and selective CK1γ inhibitors

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The canonical Wnt pathway regulates the ability of β-catenin to activate specific target genes. Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway is believed to drive the development and growth of many cancers; for example, APC mutations were observed in >80% of the sporadic colorectal cancers. The casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is highly conserved. Multiple members of the CK1 family are shown to regulate the Wnt pathway through interactions with various proteins. The central role of CK1γ in Wnt signal transduction makes it an attractive target for the treatment of Wnt-pathway dependent cancers. We employed a structure-based approach and identified a series of pyridyl pyrrolopyridinones as potent and selective CK1γ inhibitors. These compounds exhibited good enzyme and cell potency, as well as selectivity against other CK1 isoforms, and favorable rodent PK profiles. Oral dosing of optimized lead compounds resulted in significant inhibition of LRP6 phosphorylation in a mouse tumor PD model. Citation Format: Hongbing Huang, Lisa Acquaviva, Howard Bregman, John Buchanan, Nagasree Chakka, Erin F. DiMauro, Jennifer Dovey, Hakan Gunaydin, Zihao Hua, Xin Huang, Liyue Huang, Vinod F. Patel, Matthew W. Martin, Randy Serafino, Cindy Wilson. Discovery of pyridyl pyrrolopyridinones as potent and selective CK1γ inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1621
Book Reviews: Ethnology

Urban Aborigines. FAY GALE. Aboriginal Settlements: A Survey of Institutional Communities in Eastern Australia. J. P. M. LONG.
Mycotic Saccular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in an Infant after Cardiac Catheterization: A Case Report

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a rare entity in the pediatric population. Children with mycotic (infectious) AAA in particular are at risk of life-threatening rupture due to their rapid expansion coupled with aortic wall thinning and deterioration. Here, we present the case of a 10-month-old infant with prior 2-staged repair for hypoplastic left heart syndrome that was incidentally discovered to have a mycotic AAA on abdominal ultrasound (US) for evaluation of renovascular hypertension. Before the time of evaluation with US, the infant had developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia 3 days after cardiac catheterization with percutaneous thoracic aortic balloon angioplasty. She had normal aortic contours on contrasted computed tomography scan of the abdomen approximately 2 weeks before the aforementioned US evaluation. This infant subsequently underwent open aneurysmorrhaphy with cryopreserved vein patch angioplasty with resolution of her aneurysmal segment.
A new class of information complexity (ICOMP) criteria with an application to customer profiling and segmentation

This paper introduces several forms of a new class of information-theoretic measure of complexity criterion called ICOMP as a decision rule for model selection in statistical modeling to help provide new approaches relevant to statistical inference. The practical utility and the importance of ICOMP is illustrated by providing a real numerical example in data mining of mobile phone data for customer profiling and segmentation of mobile phone customers using a novel multi-class support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (MSVM-RFE) method. The approach proposed in this paper outperforms the classical discriminant analysis techniques over 32% in terms of misclassification error rate. This is a remarkable achievement due to using MSVM-RFE hybridized with ICOMP that was not possible using other methods to classify the mobile phone customer data base as a new micro-marketing analytics. This should capture the attention of the mobile phone industry for more refined analysis of their data bases for customer management and retention.
Definite regular quadratic forms over _

Let q be a power of an odd prime, and Fg [T] be the ring of polynomials over a finite field F q of q elements. A quadratic form f over f q [T] is said to be regular if f globally represents all polynomials that are represented by the genus off. In this paper, we study definite regular quadratic forms over F q [T]. It is shown that for a fixed q, there are only finitely many equivalence classes of regular definite primitive quadratic forms over F q [T], regardless of the number of variables. Characterizations of those which are universal are also given.
Toward a typology of directional motion for African languages

This paper examines the syntactic and semantic expression of basic directional motion and its manner counterparts across the four language phyla of Africa. We sample languages from each phylum, concentrating on basic, non-deictic, directional motion and its counterpart in which motion, direction, and manner of motion occur simultaneously. Two primary findings emerge. Across Africa, basic directional motion tends to be verb-framed with respect to direction; it conflates the semantic components Motion+Direction in verbs equivalent to 'enter, circle, traverse'. Manner of motion, while maintaining this lexicalization pattern, syntactically registers a Motion+Direction verb and its linear order relative to a Manner verb through either of two primary strategies. Manner precedes Motion+ Direction when the two verbs are conveyed through serial verb sequences, verb compounding, or verb coordination. Manner follows Motion+Direction when the former is specified as a deranked verbal form, e.g., as a gerundive, or as part of a deranked clause, e.g., a subordinate clause.
Opening the Frontier of the T Cell Surface: Schlossman and Goldstein

Monoclonal Abs opened a new frontier in the late 1970s. In an early example of academic/industrial collaboration, Stuart Schlossman at Harvard Medical School and Gideon Goldstein at Ortho Pharmaceuticals emerged as the fastest gunslingers in the Wild West of making mAbs to define T lymphocytes and
Jittered sampling on a hexagonal lattice

Incorporating spatiotemporal jitter into the scanning of time-varying imagery on a rectangular lattice effects the severity of baseband noise under the conditions of sampling at or below the Nyquist rate. Sampling spatiotemporal images on a hexagonal lattice has been shown to provide a 13.4% reduction in the sample rate over that of a comparable rectangular system. The relationship between the increased performance due to sampling on a hexagonal lattice and the performance degradation due to the presence of jitter in the scanning process is investigated in this paper. Spatiotemporal pixel jitter is included in the scanning of time- varying imagery on a hexagonal grid. The aliasing noise is dependent on the statistical properties of the jitter as well as the pattern used to scan the image. The signal-to-aliasing noise power ratio is used as a performance measure.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Low-power circuits and technology for wireless digital systems

As CMOS technology scales to deep-submicron dimensions, designers face new challenges in determining the proper balance between aggressive high-performance transistors and lower-performance transistors to optimize system power and performance for a given application. Determining this balance is crucial for battery-powered handheld devices in which transistor leakage and active power limit the available system performance. This paper explores these questions and describes circuit techniques for low-power communication systems which exploit the capabilities of advanced CMOS technology.
Intraspinal neurenteric cyst containing gastric mucosa: CT and MRI findings

A case of neurenteric intraspinal cyst with vertebral anomalies is reported; the cyst contained gastric mucosa. MRI and CT provided useful information.
OVINE FETAL RESPONSE TO WATER DEPRIVATION: ASPECTS ON THE ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN

The effect of maternal hyperosmolality as created by an acute mannitol infusion was evaluated in eight chronic sheep preparations. Fetal osmotic and haemodynamic responses were compared to those achieved during an arginine vasopressin (AVP) infusion into the fetus (approximately 400 microU/(min kg]. To assess the AVP sensitivity of the fetal kidney the urine osmolality was determined. The activity of adenylate cyclase was measured in placental cotyledons as an indicator of AVP receptors affecting water permeability. The maternal mannitol infusion induced an increase in fetal serum AVP levels from 1.18 +/- 0.25 up to 13.76 +/- 2.11 pg/ml. During the fetal AVP infusion the AVP levels were approximately 22 pg/ml, somewhat higher when given concurrently with a mannitol infusion to the ewe (peak value: 26.13 +/- 2.80 pg/ml). Fetal heart rate increased significantly during maternal hyperosmolality while this effect was blunted by exogenous AVP given to the fetus. The AVP infusion did not affect fetal or maternal serum osmolality. During the mannitol infusion fetal serum osmolality increased to peak values which were not significantly different whether or not AVP was infused into the fetus (from 298.0 +/- 0.85 to 309.0 +/- 0.90, and from 297.7 +/- 1.47 to 307.9 +/- 0.90 mosmol/kg, respectively). Similarly, there were no differences in the effect of mannitol infusion upon fetal urine osmolality with or without AVP infusion (increments: + 149.7 +/- 34.12 and + 148.7 +/- 31.30 mosmol/kg, respectively). Adenylate cyclase activity in the placenta was unchanged before and after AVP stimulation. The data suggest an unresponsiveness of placental water permeability to fetal AVP infusion. We also conclude that a maximal urine osmolality was reached already at AVP levels obtained after an osmotic maternal load whereas at AVP levels more than twice as high the cardiovascular effects were still AVP dose-dependent.
Upper extremity techniques for postoperative analgesia

Abstract There are several options available when utilizing regional anesthesia techniques for postoperative pain control after upper extremity surgery. Appropriate selection of the analgesia technique is determined by a thorough understanding of brachial plexus neuroanatomy as it relates to the surgical site. Development of dispensable continous infusion technology has allowed greater utilization of regional anesthesia techniques in the ambulatory population. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Microbial Counts on Chicken Purchased at Retail

Abstract Whole chickens or chicken parts were purchased from retail stores and taken immediately to the laboratory. Fresh product was sampled immediately, while frozen product obtained from one store was thawed for 24 hours at 5°C. prior to sampling. Swab samples were taken and total counts made as described by May (1961). Pour plates were also made using Staphylococcus Medium 110, incubated 43 hours at 37°C. Tissue samples were used for detection of Salmonellae by standard methods following preenrichment in lactose broth. RESULTS Total counts on product from the same store were quite variable on different sampling dates as were counts on product from different stores on the same sampling date (Table 1). Total counts ranged from a low of less than 1 × 102 to a high of 16.8 × 107 among the stores on the dates tested. In general, counts were higher than those observed by May (1962) where…
The Periodic Health Examination and Adolescent Pregnancy: 1988

Excerpt The Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination was formed in 1976 to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive health services. Its first report, published in 1979, outlined a "l...
On large fpf-rings

We show that if R is a left FPF left epi-semiperfect ring with J(R)=Z{R R) or J(R) is nil then R is left self-injective.
Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase

Chromium has been recognized for decades as a nutritional factor that improves glucose tolerance by enhancing in vivo insulin action, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Here we report pretreatment of CHO-IR cells with chromium enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. Different chromium(III) compounds were effective at enhancing insulin receptor phosphorylation in intact cells, but did not directly activate recombinant insulin receptor kinase. The level of insulin receptor phosphorylation in cells can be increased by inhibition of the opposing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B), a target for drug development. However, chromium did not inhibit recombinant human PTP1B using either p-nitrophenyl phosphate or the tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor as the substrate. Chromium also did not alter reversible redox regulation of PTP1B. Purified plasma membranes exhibited insulin-dependent kinase activity in assays using substrate peptides mimicking sites of Tyr phosphorylation in the endogenous substrate IRS-1. Plasma membranes prepared from chromium-treated cells had higher specific activity of insulin-dependent kinase relative to controls. We conclude that cellular chromium potentiates insulin signaling by increasing insulin receptor kinase activity, separate from inhibition of PTPase. Our results suggest that nutritional and pharmacological therapies may complement one another to combat insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
Cutaneous Sodium and Potassium Determined by Reverse Iontophoresis

For a long time now observers have been pointing out the possibility sodium and potassium ions in the skin may be significant in some dermatoses, but progress was hampered by the difficulty of electrolyte determinations. Investigators usually use blood analyses to gain an insight, but blood electrolytes do not necessarily parallel those in the skin. Eichelberger, Eisele, and Wetzler (1) did much work analyzing skin slices for electrolytes, but their method is obviously not suitable for routine clinical determinations. The same restriction applies to the use of radioactive isotopes. In this paper we are presenting another method of determining skin electrolytes and changes of electrolytes under various pathological conditions.
Differential effects of dopamine depletion on the distribution of [3H]SCH 23390 and [3H]spiperone binding sites in the goldfish retina.

Abstract The distributions of dopamine D 1 and D 2 receptors were studied in intact goldfish retina with in vitro autoradiography. Specific [ 3 H1SCH 23390 binding (D 1 receptors) was greatest over the outer plexiform layer (OPL)/horizontal cell bodies and less so over the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers (IPL). Specific [ 3 Hlspiperone binding (D2 receptors) appeared in two bands, over the OPL/horizontal cell bodies and the IPL. Depletion of retinal dopamine, by intraocular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine, had no effect on the pattern and density of [ 3 HISCH 23390 binding; however, specific [ 3 Hlspiperone binding over the OPL and IPL was virtually eliminated, suggestive of D 2 autoreceptors on dopamine interplexiform cells. These data are consistent with electrophysiological studies indicating the presence of D 1 and D 2 receptors in both plexiform layers of the goldfish retina.
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the chloro-substituted methanes☆

Abstract The angular distribution parameter, β, was determined for the valence orbitals (IP ′ 21.2 eV) of CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH3Cl in the 10–30 eV photon energy range using dispersed polarized synchrotron radiation. The energy dependence of β in the photoelectron energy range of 2 to 10 eV for the non-bonding chlorine n(Cl) orbitals of these molecules was found to be similar for all n(Cl) orbitals investigated. The energy dependence of β for the σ orbitals in these molecules was similar to that observed previously for other σ orbitals. The experimental CCl4 results were compared with theoretical CCl4 results obtained using the Xα multiple scattering formalism. Theory predicts the existence of two strong shape resonances in each of the valence orbitals of CCl4. The overall agreement between experiment and theory is evaluated along with the experimental evidence concerning the verification of the predicted shape resonances.
Photoswitching in azafullerene encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotube FET devices.

The photoinduced electrical transport properties of C59N@SWNTs are investigated by assembling them into FET devices. Our findings demonstrate that azafullerene molecules inside SWNTs make nanotube FET devices very sensitive to UV light exposure by the decrease of source−drain current upon light exposure. The photoswitching effect is found to be dependent on wavelengths of light and becomes negligible when the wavelength is increased to 480 nm. The photoinduced electron transfer is proposed to take place inside C59N@SWNTs due to the specific electronic structure of C59N, the heteromolecule bonding of which is sensitive to light.
Low back pain in elite rhythmic gymnasts.

HUTCHINSON, M. R. Low back pain in elite rhythmic gymnasts. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 31, No. 11, pp. 1686–1688, 1999.Background:Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that blends the athleticism of a gymnast with the grace of a ballerina. The sport demands both the coordination of handling various appa
An analysis of optimum caching

Abstract A cache memory that is maintained clairvoyantly, i.e., with perfect knowledge of the future, can be surprisingly effective even when it is applied to completely random data. It is shown that a cache of size h, applied optimally to a uniformly random sequence on an alphabet of size d, is able to avoid faults with probability of order h d . The analysis of this question involves several subproblems that are of interest in themselves.
Charging processes in electroactive C60/Pd films : Effect of solvent and supporting electrolyte

The electrochemical properties of solid films deposited on an electrode surface by simultaneous electrochemical reduction of C60 and palladium(II) acetate trimer in an acetonitrile/toluene mixture have been studied using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical switching between the doped (conducting) and undoped (nonconducting) states involves both electron and ion transport within the film. The overall control of charge percolation through the C60/Pd electroactive material is governed by the transport of cations. The ion transport depends both on the nature of solvent and supporting electrolyte. The size of solvent molecule is the major factor determining the degree of solvent swelling of the layer. In the case of small solvent molecules, the C60/Pd film exhibits a reversible redox behavior. For larger molecule solvents, the voltammograms show a departure from reversibility. The reduction of the layer is accompanied by changes in its morphology allowing for the solvent swelling of the film also in the ca...
Worker discrimination among queens in newly founded colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

Although colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta are often founded by small groups of queens, all but one of the queens are soon eliminated due to worker attacks and queen fighting. The elimination of supernumerary queens provides an important context for tests of discrimination by the workers, since the outcome of these interactions strongly affects the workers' inclusive fitness. To test whether workers in newly founded colonies discriminate among nestmate queens, paired cofoundresses were narrowly separated by metal screens that prevented direct fighting, but through which the workers could easily pass. Soon after the first workers completed development, they often attacked one of the queens; these attacks were strongly associated with queen mortality. When one queen's brood was discarded, so that the adult workers were all the daughters of just one queen, the workers were significantly less likely to bite their mother than the unrelated queen; however, this tendency was comparatively weak. Queens kept temporarily at a higher temperature to increase their rate of investment in brood-rearing lost weight more rapidly than paired queens and were subsequently more likely to be attacked and killed by workers. Workers were more likely to bite queens that had been temporarily isolated than queens that remained close to brood and workers. When queens were not separated by screens, the presence of workers stimulated queen fights. These results show that workers discriminate strongly among equally familiar queens and that discrimination is based more on the queens' condition and recent social environment than on kinship.
Homotopy methods for the solution of general modified algebraic Riccati equations

In the paper, the authors present a method for the numerical solution of modified algebraic Riccati equations, ATQ + QA − QΣQ + V + F(Q) = 0, where the perturbation term F is low rank. They use a continuous homotopy approach with discrete corrections at each homotopy step. Their algorithm requires the solution of several perturbed Lyapunov equations during each iteration; thus they also address the rapid solution of sets of perturbed Lyapunov equations.
Selenium initiated cyclization-2,3 sigmatropic rearrangement: Synthesis of the C1 to C10 fragment of the milbemycins and the avermectins

Abstract An efficient route to the C1 to C10 fragment of the milbemycins and the avermectins has been accomplished utilizing a selenium initiated electrophilic cyclization in conjunction with a [2,3] sigmatropic selenoxide rearrangement in the key transformation.
Concurrent schedule responding as a function of body weight

Five pigeons pecked for food reinforcement on several concurrent schedules. Their body weights were varied from 80% to 110% of their free-feeding weights. A number of predictions of the equations proposed by Herrnstein (1970) were tested. As predicted, the relative rate of responding equalled the relative rate of reinforcement for all subjects, on all schedules, at all body weights. And, as predicted, the overall rates of responding on the components of a concurrent schedule were slower than the local rates of responding on the components of an identical multiple schedule. Contrary to prediction, the total rate of responding generated by the concurrent schedules did not increase with increases in the total rate of reinforcement they provided. And, contrary to prediction, the k parameter did not remain constant, and the R0 parameter did not increase with increases in body weight. It was concluded that Herrnstein’s matching law and his interpretation of the m parameter are correct but that the interpretations of k and R0 require further investigation.
The economy of death: production, reproduction, and the matter of ontological difference

Karl Marx held to a view of ontological difference. Prominent in the early writings, yet re-emerging at crucial junctures in his seminal work Capital, this ontological view is expressed primarily as a distinction between human being, animal being, and the being of objects (things). The difficulty with this view is that, if taken to articulate distinctions in kind, it may not adequately explain how it is that the activity of production on the part of human beings can simultaneously amount to a self-reproduction of the person as thing. Are we to understand reification as merely analogical or is it possible to understand Marx more literally? We will explore the latter possibility, suggesting that the ontological distinctions can be taken as distinctions of degree and not distinctions of kind, thereby demonstrating the way in which the capitalist labour market and sphere of production generate real ontological degradation – a transformation by degrees of human to animal and material being. Based upon this analysis, it becomes possible to speak of the capitalist economy as an ‘economy of death’ – as producing a world of increasing ontological stagnation.
Effect of spin state on the dihydrogen binding strength to transition metal centers in metal-organic frameworks.

In several recent experimental studies, it has been found that exposed transition metal (TM) sites in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) yield the largest binding to H2 by about 10 kJ/mol. However, this binding is significantly smaller than what has been observed in the so-called Kubas molecules, also with exposed metal sites. Our ab initio calculations quantitatively account for the experimental findings and further show that the splitting and occupation of the spin orbitals in the MOF systems are the reasons for their unexpected small binding energies. We predict that the binding energy to H2 in the MOF systems can be tuned between 10 and 50 kJ/mol by using early TM elements, namely, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn.