cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal RNA operon anti-termination. Function of leader and spacer region box B-box A sequences and their conservation in diverse micro-organisms.

Abstract All Escherichia coli rrn operons show a common motif in which anti-terminator box B-box A sequences occur twice, first in the leader and again in the 16 S–23 S spacer. In this study we have analyzed several aspects of rrn anti-termination by leader and spacer anti-terminator sequences. Using DNA synthesis and a plasmid test system, we incorporated random changes into the leader anti-terminator region and examined these mutations for their ability to read through a strong terminator. We also examined anti-termination by synthetic box A and by rrn spacer region sequences. Information derived from these experiments was used to search the rrn sequences of other micro-organisms for possible anti-termination features. Our principal conclusions were that: (1) box A was sufficient for terminator readthrough; (2) we could show no positive requirement for box B in our test system; (3) many of the negative anti-terminator mutations caused a promoter up-effect in the absence of a terminator; (4) the search of rrn operons from other micro-organisms revealed that anti-terminator-like box B-box A sequences exist in leader and spacer regions of both eubacteria and archaebacteria. The frequent occurrence of this pattern suggested that the E. coli rrn anti-termination motif is widespread in nature and has been conserved in microbial evolution.
Finite Representation Type

If A is right Artinian, then the finitely generated right A-modules can be constructed in an orderly way from the indecomposable modules, and the construction is unique by the Krull—Schmidt Theorem. The next step toward understanding A-modules is therefore in the direction of indecomposable modules, and this topic is currently the center of vigorous activity in ring theory. The aim of this chapter and the next chapter is to introduce the reader to the flavor of two hnes that are being pursued by research mathematicians who are now working on the theory of modules.
Prevention of Ultraviolet Radiation Damage in Antarctic Marine Invertebrates

One aspect of investigating the ecological effects of ozone depletion on marine communities is to identify species-specific characteristics relative to strategies for dealing with prevention and repair of ultraviolet B (UV-B, 280–320 ran) damage. In adult marine invertebrates protection from UV-B exposure can be provided by either external coverings (e.g., teste, shell, body wall) or by the presence of UV-absorbing molecules (e.g., mycosporine-like amino acid compounds) or by both in cells and tissues. External coverings are not opaque to UV-B. Using biological dosimetry, penetration of UV-B wavelengths through the exteriors of adult invertebrate has been observed. In addition, selective partitioning of UV-absorbing compounds occurs in adult invertebrate tissues. The highest concentrations of these substances are found in ovaries and eggs. Planktonic larval stages receive higher UV exposures than benthic adults and have considerably less optical shielding. Since egg cells tend to have higher concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds than other body tissues, this may provide for increased protection of embryos and larvae during planktonic development.
Adult perceptions of children with dyslexia in the USA.

This study examined adult perceptions of dyslexia among US adults. Participants (n = 623) answered survey questions pertaining to characteristics, views, and possible causes of DYS. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five distinct factors: (1) psychosocial causes, (2) external causes, (3) biological causes, (4) consequences, and (5) controllability. Three-way ANOVA’s were conducted to determine the effects of ethnicity, gender, and parental status on how DYS was perceived. The results revealed ethnic, gender, and parental status differences. Males endorsed psychosocial causes and external causes more often than females. Those who self-identified as Asian viewed DYS as more controllable in comparison to Whites. Results also revealed a three-way interaction regarding controllability. Understanding the public’s perceptions about developmental disorders helps distinguish true from erroneous beliefs, and understanding differences that may exist in particular groups can help implement targeted actions to improve awareness, care, and interventions for families.
Two Cases of Catastrophic AAA Rupture in Young Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

We present two cases of young women with a past medical history significant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented to the Emergency Department with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). These cases are of particular interest because the patients did not fit the typical demographic for patients who present with a ruptured AAA. Based on these cases and a review of the relevant literature, ED providers should maintain a higher index of suspicion for AAA rupture in patients with autoimmune diseases, especially SLE.
Enhanced Capacities of Mixed Fatty Acid-Modified Sawdust Aggregators for Remediation of Crude Oil Spill.

Mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators have been developed as potential crude oil sorbents. Cheap pine wood flour was first modified with oleic acid (OA) and further modified with a second fatty acid by a leaving group chemistry, where a surface hydroxyl group is first replaced by p-toluenesulfonyl group and a fatty acid forms a covalent bond on sawdust surface through esterification at the elevated temperature (55 °C). Two OA-modified base materials, pine/OA-106 and pine/OA-124, with different OA-coverages were first prepared and the second fatty acids with C3, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, or C16 alkyl chains were applied to cover the remaining surface hydroxyl groups. The crude oil sorption capacities of the mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators were studied and compared with those of the base materials. The results showed that mixed fatty acid-modified aggregators increased up to 45.6% more crude oil sorption than those of OA-modified base materials. A correlation between surface property and sorption capacit...
Hydrodynamic Analysis of an Underwater Vehicle in Free Dive

We present a steady-state dive trajectory prediction method for an autonomous underwater vehicle. The method couples RANS CFD simulation data of flows over the hull of the Trawl Resistant Self-Mooring AUV (TRSMAUV) with force equilibrium equations to calculate the velocity and pitch angle of the vehicle in an unpowered negatively buoyant dive. The model results are compared with a time-resolved motion coupled CFD simulation and experimental results from TRSMAUV field trials. The steady-state model estimates the trajectory of the TRSMAUV with good agreement with experimental results at minimal computational cost compared to the motior coupled simulations.
Abstract P247: Combination of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome is Associated With Highest Rate of Depression Secondary to Increased Inflammation

Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with depression and that inflammation may play a role. However, the separate and combined...
General route to three-dimensional framework uranyl transition metal phosphates with atypical structural motifs : The case examples of Cs2{(UO2)4[Co(H2O)2]2(HPO4)(PO4)4} and Cs3+x[(UO2)3CuH4-x(PO4)5]·H2O

The reaction of UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O with Co or Cu metal, phosphoric acid, and CsCl under mild hydrothermal conditions results in the formation of Cs 2 {(UO 2 ) 4 [Co(H 2 O) 2 (HPO 4 )(PO 4 ) 4 } (1) or Cs 3+x [(UO 2 ) 3 -CuH 4-x (PO 4 ) 5 ]·H 2 O (2). The structure of 1 contains uranium atoms in pentagonal bipyramidal and hexagonal bipyramidal environments. The interaction of the uranyl cations and phosphate anions creates layers in the [ab] plane. The uranyl phosphate layers are joined together by octahedral Co centers wherein the Co is bound by phosphate and two cis water molecules. In addition, the Co ions are also ligated by a uranyl oxo atom. The presence of these octahedral building units stitches the structure together into a three-dimensional framework where void spaces are filled by Cs + cations. The structure of 2 contains uranium centers in UO 6 tetragonal bipyramidal and UO 7 pentagonal bipyramidal geometries. The uranyl moieties are bridged by phosphate anions into sinusoidal sheets that extend into the [bc] plane and are linked into a three-dimensional structure by Cu". The Cu centers reside in square planar environments. Charge balance is maintained by Cs + cations. Both the overall structures and the uranyl phosphate layers in 1 and 2 are novel.
The potential role of the cervix in myometrial function

In order for a pregnancy to successfully deliver at term, there are three main mechanical ‘compartments’ (the uterus, cervix, amniotic sac) that must engage in a well-orchestrated symbiotic relationship to house the growing fetus until it is ready for delivery. Traditionally, the cervix was considered a passive bystander in the process of parturition because it was thought to be mostly a collagenous structure that somehow remodeled under the growing weight of the pregnancy and dilated due to the force of labor contractions to allow for delivery of the fetus. Recently, an updated paradigm of cervical tissue structure has emerged, which states there is a significant amount of functional smooth muscle at the top of the cervix (the area of the internal os) that is circumferentially oriented around the periphery of the endocervical canal and that this smooth muscle body may form a specialized sphincter. Given that the smooth muscle in the cervix is connected to the smooth muscle in the uterus, this review explores new concepts, in which this potential sphincter may participate in activating the uterus to contract leading to normal or abnormal labor.
Youth male identities in a correctional setting

The purpose of this study is to explore how incarcerated male youth in the Midwest region of the United States experience and construct masculinity within a private correctional facility. Interview...
Evidence for non-smooth quenching in massive galaxies at z ∼ 1

We investigate a large sample of massive galaxies at $z\sim1$ with combined $HST$ broad-band and grism observations to constrain the star-formation histories of these systems as they transition from a star-forming state to quiescence. Among our sample of massive $(M_*>10^{10}~{\rm M_\odot})$ galaxies at $0.7<z<1.2$, dust-corrected H$\alpha$ and UV star-formation indicators agree with a small dispersion ($\sim0.2$~dex) for galaxies on the main sequence, but diverge and exhibit substantial scatter ($\sim0.7$~dex) once they drop significantly below the star-forming main sequence. Significant H$\alpha$ emission is present in galaxies with low dust-corrected UV SFR values as well as galaxies classified as quiescent using the $UVJ$ diagram. We compare the observed H$\alpha$ flux distribution to the expected distribution assuming bursty or smooth star-formation histories, and find that massive galaxies at $z\sim1$ are most consistent with a quick, bursty quenching process. This suggests that mechanisms such as feedback, stochastic gas flows, and minor mergers continue to induce low-level bursty star formation in massive galaxies at moderate redshift, even as they quench.
Data-Driven Preemptive Voltage Monitoring and Control Using Probabilistic Voltage Sensitivities

Increased penetration levels of distributed variable renewable generation can cause random voltage fluctuations and violations at multiple nodes. Traditional methods of voltage control typically involve reactionary responses of capacitor banks, tap changers, and recently even smart inverters. But because of the lack of foresight in voltage violations, these controls are ineffective to completely mitigate the issue. Therefore, new methods of predicting voltage violations subject to random power injection changes in the distribution network are needed, which can be used to guide optimal and dynamic methods of voltage control. This work lays the foundation for such preemptive voltage monitoring and control by proposing an analytical and sensor data-driven voltage sensitivity analysis method. Driven by stochastic data and forecasts, the method can be used to develop probabilistic voltage sensitivities and consequently to predict system nodes with high likelihood of voltage limit violations. The effectiveness of this method is tested on IEEE 69-node distribution system integrated with distributed solar. The results demonstrate the proposed method's ability to successfully predict nodes with high probability of voltage violations for a specific time-series simulation. The results also demonstrate the ability to guide timely power injection control actions to mitigate future voltage violations.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sub-20 nm Amine-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr) Nanoparticles with High Surface Area and Enhanced CO2 Uptake

An assortment of hydrothermal reactions of chromic(III) nitrate and 2-aminoterephthalic acid was systematically studied to yield high-quality amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles (MIL-101...
Performance of the Grade of Membership Model Under a Variety of Sample Sizes, Group Size Ratios, and Differential Group Response Probabilities for Dichotomous Indicators.

Social scientists are frequently interested in identifying latent subgroups within the population, based on a set of observed variables. One of the more common tools for this purpose is latent clas...
Calciphylaxis in Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease on Apixaban Successfully Treated With Sodium Thiosulfate: A Case Report.

Introduction Calciphylaxis is a serious condition that often occurs in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, with potential comorbidities of hyperparathyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is a result of progressive calcification in small- and medium-sized arteries. Causing ischemia in multiple organs and skin ulcers, calciphylaxis has a poor prognosis. No definitive therapeutic or diagnostic guideline exists to prevent the devastating consequences of calciphylaxis. Association of warfarin with calciphylaxis has been reported in the literature, but, to the authors' knowledge, there are no literature reports of patients with CKD who were not on dialysis or warfarin developing calciphylaxis. Objective The authors report an unusual case of calciphylaxis in a patient with stage 3 CKD who was not on dialysis, warfarin, or insulin. Case report A 72-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, who was not taking subcutaneous insulin and had stage 3 CKD, was diagnosed with calciphylaxis by skin biopsy. She was treated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate twice weekly for 2 months with complete resolution of skin lesions. Conclusions This case illustrates that early diagnosis, intervention, and a multidisciplinary approach are of utmost importance in the management of calciphylaxis. Sodium thiosulfate, when used in the correct setting, can improve prognosis in patients. Serious consideration should be given to sodium thiosulfate as a practical measure of treatment.
Modeling Multiple Human-Automation Distributed Systems using Network-form Games

The paper describes at a high-level the network-form game framework (based on Bayes net and game theory), which can be used to model and analyze safety issues in large, distributed, mixed human-automation systems such as NextGen.
Alternating Incubation Effects in the Generation of Category Exemplars

Four experiments tested the forgetting fixation hypothesis of incubation effects, comparing continuous vs. alternating generation of exemplars from three different types of categories. In two experiments, participants who listed as many members as possible from two different categories produced more responses, and more novel responses, when they alternated back and forth between the two categories, as compared to continuous uninterrupted listing from each of the two categories. This incubation effect was not found in Experiment 1, when participants were given taxonomic categories (birds and clothing) for the generation task, but was found in Experiment 2 with sense impression categories (cold things and heavy things), and in Experiment 3 with ad hoc categories (equipment you take camping and fattening foods). A similar incubation effect was observed in Experiment 4 when a non-verbal task was given between category generation tasks, but only for flexibly defined categories. The results suggest that forgetting from one alternating listing period to the next in the form of altering category cue representations was consistent with the observed incubation effects. These alternating incubation effects have implications for understanding cognitive processes that underlie creative cognition.
Learning ontology-aware classifiers

Many practical applications of machine learning in data-driven scientific discovery commonly call for the exploration of data from multiple points of view that correspond to explicitly specified ontologies. This paper formalizes a class of problems of learning from ontology and data, and explores the design space of learning classifiers from attribute value taxonomies (AVTs) and data. We introduce the notion of AVT-extended data sources and partially specified data. We propose a general framework for learning classifiers from such data sources. Two instantiations of this framework, AVT-based Decision Tree classifier and AVT-based Naive Bayes classifier are presented. Experimental results show that the resulting algorithms are able to learn robust high accuracy classifiers with substantially more compact representations than those obtained by standard learners.
CAM: a tool for evaluating and adjusting engineering curriculum

We are entering the new century in the midst of a technological revolution potentially more profound in its impact socially, politically, economically, and educationally than the industrial revolution of the last century. The ABET Engineering Criteria 2000 is an attempt to address these imperatives. It is evident that in order to develop a meaningful assessment tools for student outcomes, the program outcomes must first be articulated and understood. This is further complicated by the fact that the engineering curriculum requires continued review and adjustment in response to the rapid changes. To meet the challenge efficiently and effectively, it is proposed that an educational philosophy favoring an integrated approach to curriculum development and structure addressing an educational imperative be considered. The key component is the development of the Curriculum Attribute Matrix (CAM). The end result of this pseudo-quantitative tool reflects the collective contributions of the existing courses/labs to the attributes (outcomes) of a specific program. The faculty, through appropriate syllabi changes rather than major curriculum overhaul, can make the necessary adjustments. This paper presents the methodology and the data of this process using an existing engineering program.
The validity of interactive peer play competencies for Latino preschool children from low-income households

In accord with a strength-based, eco-cultural model, the present study examined the validity of the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale-Teacher report (PIPPS-T; Fantuzzo, Coolahan, Mendez, McDermott, & Sutton-Smith, 1998) for use with Latino preschool children from low-income backgrounds. Capitalizing upon a large, statewide sample of Latino children (N = 824, M age = 52.54 months (SD = 8.73)), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified three reliable and distinct dimensions of peer social competence: Play Interaction, Play Disruption, and Play Disconnection. Findings from multilevel models controlling for program, family, and child demographic variables, provided criterion-related validity for the three dimensions with some differential associations to concurrent assessments of children's learning-related and pre-academic skills at the end the Head Start year. Study findings extend prior research, supporting the utility of the PIPPS to assess the construct of peer social competence for Latino children from low-income backgrounds. Implications for early childhood research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning under the French Flag

Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning under the French Flag. Katherine E. Browne. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. 291 pp.
On and off the beaten path: The evolution of four technological systems in Sweden

Abstract This paper examines four Swedish case studies of technological systems from the perspective of path dependence: what are the similarities and differences in this regard between factory automation, electronics and computers, biotechnology, and powder technology? What are the distinctive features in each system which set it apart from similar systems elsewhere, and what role does path dependence play in explaining these features? The essential function of technological systems is to capture, diffuse, and magnify spillovers of technical and organizational knowledge: therefore, the nature of knowledge (i.e., the characteristics of knowledge and how it can be transmitted) in each system determines what types of spillovers are likely to occur, as well as the mechanisms through which they occur. Other important influences are the initial conditions and the institutions (including both organizations and rules of the game).
Ageing of SRC-II middle distillate from Illinois No. 6 coal: II. Further evidence of phenolic oxidative coupling in coal-derived liquids

Abstract Individual phenolic compounds in an SRC-II middle distillate were quantified before and after ageing in the presence of Cu and O2. The concentration of each phenolic constituent decreased, indicating that they are consumed by a reaction that occurs during ageing. After ageing, a pentane-insoluble precipitate formed that was not present before ageing. Bulk characterization of this ageing product by low-voltage high-resolution mass spectrometry shows that it contains dimers, trimers, tetramers, etc., of phenols. These are the same kinds of products known to form during phenolic oxidative coupling reactions. This observation is taken as direct physical evidence that supports an earlier hypothesis that phenolic oxidative coupling reactions occur during ageing of SRC-II middle distillate in Cu O 2 environments.
Aberrant thymus--MR assessment.

Aberrant thymic tissue, particularly when it is located posteriorly, can present a diagnostic dilemma. Once a mediastinal “lesion” is defined on the plain film, MR is the most efficient and best diagnostic test for defining the nature of the mass and showing its relationship to other mediastinal structures. Two cases of aberrant thymic tissue, one on the right side and one on the left, are presented to elucidate the unique role of MRI.
Weak to Strong Transition at the Actin-Myosin Interface Detected by Sensitized Emission Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (SELRET)

Force is generated upon the transition of the actin-myosin complex from weak- to strong-binding states. To detect changes at the actin-myosin interface during this transition, we have detected sensitized emission luminescence resonance energy transfer (SELRET) from a luminescent Tb-chelate donor (attached to C374 of actin) to two kinds of acceptor-labeled myosin heads: (1) skeletal muscle myosin S1 labeled with tetramethylrhodamine iodoacetamide (TMRI) at C707 or (2) Dictyostelium myosin II motor domain (S1dC) labeled with iodoacetamidofluorescein (IAF) at a site engineered near the proposed binding interface (S619C). The emission of the Tb-donor, excited by a microsecond pulse, has an excited-state lifetime of 2 ms and is negligible at wavelengths where emission of acceptors is detected. Since the acceptors have ns excited-state lifetimes, the observed ms emission kinetics of acceptors is exclusively due to SELRET. Experiments on muscle S1 (labeled at C707) showed that the strong-to-weak transition results in a change of the distance from 5.5 nm (distribution width FWHM = 1.7 nm) to 6.0 nm (width 2.3 nm). The same transition with S1dC (labeled at C619) results a change of the distance from 4.0 nm (width 0.9 nm) to 4.2 nm (width 3.2 nm). Thus for both systems, the weak-to-strong transition results in a small change in the mean distance and a large decrease in the width of the distance distribution. These results add to the evidence that the weak-to-strong transition is fundamentally a disorder-to-order transition, whether it is measured within actin, within myosin, or at the interface between the two proteins.
Changing cation levels (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+) alters the release of glutamate, GABA and other substances from the guinea pig cochlea.

Abstract We examined the effects of changes in cation levels (increased Mg 2+ concentration combined with low Ca 2+ concentration, and two low concentrations of Na + ) on the perilymph levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp) and other substances. Artificial perilymph solutions containing normal (5 mM) and high (50 mM) levels of K + were perfused through the perilymphatic compartment of the guinea pig cochlea to examine basal release (5 mM K + ) and depolarization-induced release (50 mM K + ). Each of the two K + concentrations were contained in four different solutions: [I] normal artificial perilymph (NARP; Nacl, 137 mM; CaCl 2 , 2 mM; MgCl 2 , 1 mM;); [II] high Mg 2+ (20 mM)/low Ca 2+ (0.1 mM) (HMgLCa); [III] low Na + (117 mM; LNa), and [IV] very low Na + (NaCl, 0 mM; VLNa). The effluent was collected and assayed for eighteen primary amines by HPLC. Compared with NARP, the HMgLCa group had an increase in the high K + -induced release of Asp and Glu with no change in GABA. VLNa increased the normal K + levels of Asp, Glu and GABA up to those observed with high K + in NARP. VLNa increased the high K + levels of Asp and Glu over fivefold compared with the high K + levels in NARP, but decreased GABA. We ascribe the results to an interference with either a Na + -dependent uptake processes or a Na + /Ca 2+ exchange carrier.
Synthesis and characterization of cyclomaltoheptaose (Z)-2-butenedioic monoesters

Abstract The reactions of cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin) and maleic anhydride were investigated, and the resulting products characterized by i.r., proton, and carbon-13 n.m.r. spectroscopy. The 13 C-n.m.r. spectra show preferential esterification at HO-6 under various conditions of temperature and concentration of reactants and of catalyst. An increase of temperature, catalyst concentration, or initial molar ratio of maleic anhydride to cyclodextrin increases the rate of esterification.
Evidence that glyburide-induced diuresis is not mediated by inhibition of ADH.

The sulfonylurea, chlorpropamide, has a well defined antidiuretic effect mediated both through increased ADH release and potentiation of ADH action on the kidney. In contrast, the sulfonylureas tolaza
Synthesis of poly (vinylcatechols)

Five vinylcatechol precursors have been synthesized by either alcohol dehydration or Wittig coupling techniques. Dehydration of the appropriate sec-phenethyl alcohol is the most efficient synthetic approach: the following monomers (yields) are reported: 5-vinyl-1,3-benzodioxole, I (63%); 3,4-dimethoxystyrene, II (45%); 2,3-dimethoxystyrene, III (85%);6-vinyl-1,4-benzodioxane.IV(65%); and4-vinyl-l,3-benzodioxole, V(50%). The monomers can be converted by free-radical techniques to polymers with molecular weights up to 95,000. Monomers I, II, IV, and V polymerized in the presence of stannic chloride; monomers I, III, and IV yielded polymers upon treatment with butyllithium. With the exception of poly IV, the blocking groups can be removed by treatment with boron trichloride followed by methanolysis to liberate poly(3-vinyl- or 4-vinylcatechol). Suprisingly, the stability of the catechol polymers depends upon the substituent distribution; poly(3-vinylcatechol) is more stable than any polycatechol previously reported. It is soluble in methanol, autooxidizes very slowly, but can be oxidized by ceric ammonium nitrate to poly(3-vinyl-1,2-benzoquinone).
Performance of the minilith—a shaped hydrodemetallation catalyst

Abstract The performance of a new shape of hydrodemetallation catalyst has been evaluated. This catalyst, called the Minilith, is in the shape of a wheel of outer diameter 2.54 mm and containing four spokes with a wall thickness of 0.4 mm. When compared with the conventionally used 1.6-mm cylindrical extrudate, the Minilith has a higher bed void fraction and a higher external surface area per reactor volume. Cold flow tests to determine the two-phase pressure drop and liquid hold-up and actual reactor tests on Lloydminster vacuum residuum and Boscan vacuum residuum were performed. The pressure drop increases in the order Minilith 1.3-mm trilobe > 1.3-mm cylinder > 1.6-mm cylinder. The Minilith has a higher activity for vanadium and nickel removal and a longer life than conventional 1.6-mm cylindrical extrudates. Intraparticle metal deposit profiles on the Minilith are more uniform than in extrudates of other shapes, showing greater utilization of the available pore volume.
Symmetric laminar incompressible flow past sharp wedges

Abstract The symmetric laminar incompressible flow part wedges with a sharp leading edge has been determined using the Navier-Strokes equations written in a coordinate system that is optimal to second order. Because of a singularity that develops in the skin friction at such a sharp leading edge, the flow at this singular point is calculated from the Stokes approximation to the full equations. The free constant in the Stokes solution is determined by equating the skin friction function from the two solutions at a point, on the stagnation streamline, in the immediate vicinity of the sharp tip. Good agreement is obtained with the available results for the flow past the two limiting cases: the semi-finite flat plate and the infinite vertical wall. An implicit alternating direction method with high accuracy and rapid convergence is used to obtain the numerical solutions.
Capillary electrophoresis of phospholipids with indirect photometric detection.

The capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of different anionic phospholipid classes including phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin using indirect detection with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is described. A standard mixture of PAs (C14, C16, and C18 ) can be separated in 10 min by CE using 5mM AMP and 100mM boric acid in 10% water-80% methanol-10% acetonitrile. Although nonionic surfactants such as Brij 35 can improve the CE resolution of PAs, the separation time and the baseline noise are both increased. Optimization of the organic solvent in the running electrolyte is important. Methanol provides faster electroosmotic flow than propanol, and 10% acetonitrile effectively reduces migration time further by a factor of 1.4-2.2, depending on the phospholipid. The concentration limit of detection ranges from approximately 2 to 6 mg/L, and the mass limit of detection is as low as 21 pg. Linearity from 19 to 100 mg/L is established for cardiolipin and C16-PG. Phospholipids in soybean and brain extract samples could be profiled.
Clinical outcomes and resource utilisation in Medicare patients with chronic liver disease: a historical cohort study

Objective The aim of this study is to assess recent trends in health resource utilisation and patient outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries with chronic liver disease (CLD). Setting Liver-related mortality is the 10th leading cause of death in the USA, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the major causes of CLD. As the US population ages and becomes more obese, the impact of CLD is expected to become more prominent for the Medicare population. Participants This is a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of CLD based on inpatient (N=21 576; 14 977 unique patients) and outpatient (N=515 990; 244 196 patients) claims from 2005 to 2010. Primary and secondary outcome measures The study outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and inpatient mortality as well as inpatient and outpatient inflation-adjusted payments. Results Between 2005 and 2010, there was an annual decrease in LOS of 3.17% for CLD-related hospitalisations. Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality decreased (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94), while short-term postdischarge mortality remained stable (1.00, 0.98 to 1.03). Inpatient per-claim payment increased from $11 769 in 2005 to $12 347 in 2010 (p=0.0006). Similarly, the average yearly payments for outpatient care increased from $366 to $404 (p Conclusions Length of inpatient stay and inpatient mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with CLD decreased, while inpatient and outpatient spending increased.
Transcriptome profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during a transition from fermentative to glycerol-based respiratory growth reveals extensive metabolic and structural remodeling

Transcriptome analyses using a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were performed to assess the overall pattern of gene expression during the transition from glucose-based fermentative to glycerol-based respiratory growth. These experiments revealed a complex suite of metabolic and structural changes associated with the adaptation process. Alterations in gene expression leading to remodeling of various membrane transport systems and the cortical actin cytoskeleton were observed. Transition to respiratory growth was accompanied by alterations in transcript patterns demonstrating not only a general stress response, as seen in earlier studies, but also the oxidative and osmotic stress responses. In some contrast to earlier studies, these experiments identified modulation of expression for many genes specifying transcription factors during the transition to glycerol-based growth. Importantly and unexpectedly, an ordered series of changes was seen in transcript levels from genes encoding components of the TFIID, SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-Acetyltransferase), and SLIK (Saga LIKe) complexes and all three RNA polymerases, suggesting a modulation of structure for the basal transcriptional machinery during adaptation to respiratory growth. In concert with data given in earlier studies, the results presented here highlight important aspects of metabolic and other adaptations to respiratory growth in yeast that are common to utilization of multiple carbon sources. Importantly, they also identify aspects specific to adaptation of this organism to growth on glycerol as sole carbon source.
On Nonlinear Geostrophic Adjustment.

Abstract Nonlinear features of the geostrophic adjustment process in a one-dimensional barotropic atmosphere are investigated by means of a perturbation expansion in the Froude number. The initial unbalanced velocity field is a continuous (nonconstant) even function of the spatial coordinate. The steady-state solution shows the southward shift of the axes of maximum geostrophic velocity and zero pressure, first found by Rossby. In addition, the geostrophic fields are asymmetric about their respective axes. The nonlinear oscillation of the whole current system approaches the inertial period and decays like t−½ as time t→∞. However, this oscillation continues for a significantly longer time, before approximate geostrophic balance is reached, than the “adjustment time” determined from a linear analysis. A possible shortcoming in the quasi-geostrophic approximation, used in some large-scale dynamical models, is indicated by this result.
CANNED REFRIED BEANS PREPARED FROM QUICK-COOKING BEANS

Since canned, refried beans are prepared from precooked, partially comminuted pink or pinto beans supplemented with lard and salt, use of quick-cooking beans for this product could reduce processing time, labor, energy requirements and equipment costs, and simultaneously improve flavor, texture, digestibility and overall acceptability. Initial products, prepared using quick-cooking pink beans, lard and salt, were bland, lacking the typical “beany” flavor and dark brown rather than the usual orange-brown color of commercial products. In the final product, the beany flavor was intensified by addition of 0.06% dehydrated onion and 0.015% dehydrated garlic powder. Supplementation with 0.3% or less of a whey protein concentrate reduced the brown color in direct proportion to the level of added protein, producing a more acceptable color and appearance without affecting flavor. In comparison with two commercially canned products, the product prepared from quick-cooking beans was light brown and slightly darker in color, but equally acceptable to a trained sensory panel.
Computer Controlled Inspired Oxygen Concentration in Mechanically Ventilated Very Low Birthweight Infants

Computer Controlled Inspired Oxygen Concentration in Mechanically Ventilated Very Low Birthweight Infants
Public perceptions of cancer prevention, screening, and survival: Comparison with state-of-science evidence for colon, skin, and lung cancer

Background. Lay understanding of cancer prevention, screening, and survival may influence health behavior and health outcomes. Methods. Data were from the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). In our analyses, we describe population (N=5586) beliefs about cancer prevention, detection, and survival for colon, lung, and skin cancer and compare beliefs with state-of-science evidence. We examined differences by sociodemographic subgroups. Results. A majority of respondents responded consistently with state-of-science evidence in prevention for colon (78.2%), lung (81.2%), and skin cancer (83.5%). Respondents’ perceptions of screening for colon cancer were generally consistent with state-of-science evidence (89.9%); however, fewer respondents’ responded consistently with state-of-science in screening for lung (12.6%) and skin cancer (11.9%). Finally, respondents’ estimates of survival/cure of colon (66.2%) and skin cancer (63.6%) were consistent with state-of-the-science evidence in survival; however, a minority of respondents’ estimates of lung cancer survival (17.33%) were consistent with state-of-science. Sociodemographic associates of state-of-science consistent responses included younger age, greater education, and White race. Conclusions. Public knowledge of cancer prevention, screening, and survival varies by type of cancer, levels of evidence, and sociodemographic factors. These findings provide an evidence base for improving public awareness and understanding of cancer prevention, screening, and survival.
Anti-tumor antibody produced by human tumor-infiltrating and peripheral blood B lymphocytes

Cell suspensions from 69 human tumor biopsies and malignant effusions depleted of infiltrating T cells were incubated for 10–14 days with mitomycin-C-treated cells of the transformed T cell line MOT as feeder cells. B lymphocytes proliferated and differentiated as indicated by immunoglobulin (Ig) seerction in the culture supernatants (B cell expansion). Ig was present in culture supernatants of tumor cell suspensions incubated without MOT feeder cells (non-expanded cells), but the addition of MOT feeder cells to these cultures invariably resulted in a significant increase in Ig concentration. While IgG, IgA. and IgM isotypes were all detected in supernatants of both expanded- and nonexpanded tumor cell suspensions, the increase in total Ig induced by MOT feeder cells was mainly due to an increase in IgG. Peripheral blood B lymphocytes (PBBL) from 15 cancer patients and 4 healthy individuals were also successfully expanded by the same method. In these it was shown that IgA was the predominant Ig isotype. Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IgG of 25/36 expansions from tumor cell suspensions showed reactivity with autologous tumor targets, and that from 10/13 expansions reacted with allogeneic tumor targets of the same histological diagnosis. No reactivity was found against tumor targets of different histology. IgG of 4/10 expansions of PBBL from cancer patients showed reactivity with allogeneic tumor targets of the same histology, while no reactivity was demonstrated against tumor targets of different histology. IgG of expanded PBBL from healthy individuals showed no reactivity against tumor targets. This method allows detailed study of the specific humoral antitumor immune response of intratumoral and peripheral blood B lymphocytes in cancer.
Behavioural responses in terms of feeding and reproduction in some grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Insecta)

Studies on the host preference in some acridids revealed sequentiaiity of feeding behaviour aided by various sensillae, the suitability of the host plant greatly depending upon the physical and chemical factors. Studies on acridids and pyrgomorphid species indicated thatTruxalis indica feed exclusively on grasses,Orthacris maindroni only on dicot plants andAtractomorpha crenulata on both monocot and dicot plants. Significant variations in the quantitative food intake on diverse host plants during post-embryonic development were also evident. Distribution and density of diverse sensillae on the antennae, iabrum, maxillary and labial palps as well as their role in food selection are documented. The impact of antennal and palpal ablation on host selection, the quantity of food intake as well as the influence of diverse host plants on fecundity are discussed.
The Vibrational Spectrum of the Neutral (H2O)6 Precursor to the “Magic” (H2O)6- Cluster Anion by Argon-Mediated, Population-Modulated Electron Attachment Spectroscopy

A new technique is introduced for the acquisition of size-selected neutral cluster spectra on the basis of argon-mediated, population-modulated electron attachment. This method is demonstrated and used to obtain the vibrational spectrum of the neutral water hexamer precursor to the (H2O)6- cluster ion. The mid-infrared spectrum of the neutral species is dominated by four intense features above 3400 cm-1, clearly indicating that significant structural rearrangements occur upon slow electron attachment to form the “magic” hexamer cluster anion. Comparison with previous spectroscopic reports and theoretical predictions indicates that the low-energy “book” isomer is most consistent with the observed band pattern and is suggested to be the species that captures a low-energy electron to form the hexamer anion.
A protocol for identification of early bulbar signs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The purpose of this project is to identify characteristics that may be of assistance in establishing the diagnosis and monitoring early progression of bulbar dysfunction in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Early identification of bulbar dysfunction would assist in clinical trials and management decisions. A database of 218 clinic visits of patients with ALS was developed and formed the basis for these analyses. As a framework for the description of our methodology, the Disablement Model [World Health Organization. WHO International classification of impairment, activity, and participation: beginner's guide. In: WHO, editor. Beta-1 draft for field trials; 1999] was utilized. Our data identified that the strongest early predictors of bulbar speech dysfunction include altered voice quality (laryngeal control), speaking rate, and communication effectiveness. A protocol for measuring these speech parameters was therefore undertaken. This paper presents the protocol used to measure these bulbar parameters.
Holomorphic maps of generalized Iwasawa manifolds

Let G1, G2 be complex Lie groups with $$\mathcal{O}(G_1 ) = \mathbb{C}$$ . Suppose that π: G1→G2 is a holomorphic map which takes the identity to the identity. Then π is a homomorphism of groups. In this paper we give an example of the above type of result in the category of homogeneous spaces. In particular we prove that every normalized holomorphic map π: X→Y from a generalized Iwasawa manifold X to a complex manifold Y=G/H, where G is nilpotent and H is discrete, is liftable to a unique group homomorphism. The assumption of discrete isotropy for the range space is essential. Our result follows from a criterion for holomorphic mappings between upper-triangular matrix groups being polynomial.
Optimism and Grade Expectancies

Researchers have speculated that people's optimism should be associated with their expectations of how they will perform in academic classes. The present study focused on the relationship between college students' optimism and their expectations of how they would perform in an hypothetical university course. Participants were 44 students in introductory psychology. Optimism was measured using the 1994 Revised Life Orientation Test of Carver, Scheier, and Bridges. Students were asked to complete the test, give their cumulative grade-point averages, and predict grades they thought they would receive based on hypothetical course outlines. Planned hierarchical regression, controlling for grade-point average, indicated no relationship between optimism scores and expected grades. There was, however, a correlation between grade expectancies and cumulative grade-point average, suggesting that, in this context, the Revised Life Orientation Test seemed to be measuring students' expectations of how they would perfor...
Branch office economies of scale and scope: evidence from savings banks in Finland

Abstract The present paper provides empirical estimates of economies of scale and scope for 615 branch offices representing 43 savings banks in Finland at year-end 1988. A translog cost model is employed with detailed branch office level data for operating costs and outputs. Input prices are measured at the bank level. The results indicate that the cost curve for branch offices is downward-sloping regardless of whether or not the number of branches in the organization is included in the analyses. Also, the operating costs of individual branch offices decline as the number of branches in the branch bank organization increases, with most cost savings obtained at around five branches. Scope economies are negative but statistically insignificant. These findings suggest both that large branch offices operate more efficiently than smaller offices and that operating costs can be further reduced by membership in a branching organization with at least five offices.
Palmar dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Fifteen patients with palmar dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint were reviewed 6 to 49 months after treatment (average 17.8 months). Disruption of the extensor mechanism, palmar plate, and one collateral ligament was found in all patients. The loss of static and dynamic joint support caused palmar subluxation, malrotation, and a boutonniere deformity. Two dislocations were irreducible, and three were associated with dorsal avulsion fractures from the middle phalanx. The serious nature of the injuries from this dislocation was initially unrecognized, and most patients were casually treated; delay from injury to referral averaged more than 11 weeks. Twelve of the 15 required surgery for joint reduction and tendon and ligament repair; three treated earlier were managed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Joint alignment, comfort, and stability were restored, and all returned to full activities including heavy labor. However, a full range of PIP motion was not recovered in any case.
Correlates of menopausal hot flashes

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships of frequency, duration, and intensity of hot flashes with daily stress, ambient temperature, and caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine intake in menopausal women. Ten menopausal women suffering from hot flashes monitored these variables daily for 6 weeks. Intrasubject correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between hot-flash activity and stress for half of the sample; few women exhibited significant relationships between hot-flash activity and other variables. The results are discussed with respect to theoretical implications and treatment strategies.