cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vector-sensor array processing for electromagnetic source localization

The authors present a new approach for localizing electromagnetic sources using sensors where the output of each is a vector consisting of the complete six electric and magnetic field components. Two types of source transmissions are considered: (1) single signal transmission (SST), and (2) dual signal transmission (DST). The model is given in terms of several parameters, including the wave direction of arrival (DOA) and state of polarization. A compact expression is derived for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the estimation errors of these parameters for the multi-source multi-vector-sensor model. Quality measures including mean-square angular error (MSAE) and covariance of vector angular error (CVAE) are introduced, and their lower bounds are derived. The advantage of using vector sensors is highlighted by explicit evaluation of the MSAE and CVAE bounds for source localization with a single vector sensor. A simple algorithm for estimating the source DOA with this sensor is presented along with its statistical performance analysis. >
A rule-based classifier using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) approach for urban landscape dynamics

An increasing rate of urbanization has led to haphazard growth, increased infrastructure costs, deterioration of living conditions and degradation of the environment. In order to assist urban planners in more effective urban planning and management strategies, there is a great demand for developing accurate and detailed spatial information, understanding urban land cover changes, and the causes of these changes. This research studies the urban landscape dynamics for the city of Columbia, Missouri USA using multi-temporal and multi-date (1984, 92, and 2000) Landsat TM and ETM satellite imageries. The classification algorithms used to classify these images include traditional classifier (i.e. maximum likelihood) and rule-based classifier.
Design of Ionic Liquids via Computational Molecular Design

Abstract Computational molecular design (CMD) is a methodology which applies optimization techniques to develop novel lead compounds for a variety of applications. In this work, a CMD method is applied to the design of ionic liquids (ILs), which are being considered for use as environmentally benign solvents. The molecularly tunable nature of ILs yields an extraordinary number of possible cation and anion combinations, the majority of which have never been synthesized. The product design framework developed in this work seeks to accelerate the commonly used experimental trial-and-error approach by searching through this large molecular space and providing a set of chemical structures likely to match a set of desired property targets. To predict the physical and chemical properties of an ionic liquid in a specific system, quantitative structure–property relations (QSPRs) have been developed. In this work, correlations were created for solubility, diffusivity, and melting temperature. The electronic structure of ionic liquids is quantified using molecular connectivity indices, which describe bonding environments, charge distribution, orbital hybridization and other interactions within and between ions. The resulting property prediction model is then integrated within a computational molecular design framework, which combines the QSPRs with structural feasibility constraints in a combinatorial optimization problem. The problem is reformulated as an MILP after exact linearization of structural constraints. An example is provided to test the formulation for the design of ionic liquids for use within a hydrofluorocarbon (refrigerant) gas separation system. A second example compares a stochastic optimization algorithm, Tabu Search, to a standard deterministic solver for the solution of a larger-scale refrigeration design problem. The computational efficiency and practical implementation of this product design methodology is also discussed.
Care of the Well Newborn

The birth of an infant is one of the most memorable experiences a family shares. Pediatric health care professionals are privileged to participate in this experience and recognize it as a time to promote the health of the newborn and family. Ideally, a well-designed care system would be replete with comprehensive supports during the prenatal period, birth, and transition to home. Opportunities exist to improve the care we deliver with universal screening of all pregnant women; coordinated assessments of family health, including mental health; and access to coordinated supports and services for mother and infant. If 90% of US families could comply with medical recommendations to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months, it is estimated the United States would save billions of dollars per year and prevent more than 900 deaths, nearly all of which would be in infants. All infants, whether breastfed or formula fed, should receive 400 IU supplemental vitamin D. Influenza and TdaP vaccination of postpartum mothers and other caregivers helps cocoon the vulnerable infant from influenza and pertussis until he or she can be fully vaccinated. When children reach the highest weight or length allowed by the manufacturer of their infant-only seat, they should continue to ride rear-facing in a convertible seat. It is best for children to ride rear-facing as long as possible to the highest weight and height allowed by the manufacturer of their convertible seat.
Comparison of methods for particulate phase mercury analysis: sampling and analysis

Accurate and reliable sampling and analysis of mercury forms is an overriding aim of any atmospheric monitoring effort which seeks to understand the fate and transport of the metal in the environment. Although a frac- tion of the total mercury forms found in the atmosphere, particulate phase mercury, Hgp, is believed to play a promi- nent role in both wet and dry deposition to the terrestrial and aquatic environments. Currently, microwave acid ex- traction and thermoreductive methodologies for analysis of Hgp samples are widely used. We report on the poten- tial for the use of a thermoreductive method for Hgp analysis to evaluate and optimize it for use in routine mon- itoring networks. Pre-baked quartz filters can be placed in particulate samplers with well-characterized size cuts, such as dichotomous samplers and microoriface impactors. The thermoreductive methodology facilitates rapid analysis after sample collection. It requires no chemical extraction thereby eliminating the potential for contamination and generation of hazardous waste. Our results indicate that, on average, the thermoreductive method yields 30% lower values for fine fraction Hgp when compared with microwave acid digestion. This may be due to matrix in- terferents that reduce the collection efficiency of mercury onto gold preconcentration traps. Results for total particu- late mercury samples indicate that on average the ther- moreductive method yields 56% lower values for the coarse fraction when compared with microwave acid di- gestion. Experiments were also conducted in Detroit, MI, USA to investigate whether elevated reactive gaseous mercury (Hg 2+ g ) in an urban environment can lead to an artifact during the collection of filters for Hgp analysis. Our re- sults indicate a significantly higher amount of Hgp col- lected onto a filter using the conventional methodology as compared to a filter collected downstream of KCl-coated annular denuders in the absence of Hg 2+ g. These results point to the presence of Hg 2+ g as an artifact during Hgp measurement. These results indicate that a denuder must be utilized upstream of a filter for Hgp collection to pre- vent significant Hg 2+ g artifact formation.
Type II collagen—induced auricular chondritis

Sensitization to type II collagen induced inflammatory destruction of elastic ear cartilage, as well as arthritis, in Sprague-Dawley rats. This auricular lesion morphologically resembled relapsing polychondritis in humans. Moreover, in the experimental model, as has been reported in human disease, extraarticular chondritis occurred in the context of immunologic sensitivity to native type II collagen. These similarities suggest that type II collagen-induced auricular chondritis may provide insights about the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis.
Calibration and Error in Placental Molecular Clocks: A Conservative Approach Using the Cetartiodactyl Fossil Record

The nature of the molecular and fossil record and their limitations must be ascertained in order to gain the most precise and accurate evolutionary timescale using genetic information. Yet the majority of such timescales are based on point estimates using fossils or the molecular clock. Here we document from the primary literature minimum and maximum fossil age estimates of the divergence of whales from artiodactyls, a commonly used anchor point for calibrating both mitogenomic and nucleogenomic placental timescales. We applied these reestimates to the most recently established placental timescale based on mitochondrial rRNA and several nuclear loci, and present an attempt to account for both genetic and fossil uncertainty. Our results indicate that disregard for fossil calibration error may inflate the power of the molecular clock when testing the time of ordinal diversification in context with the K-T boundary. However, the early history of placentals, including their superordinal diversification, remained in the Cretaceous despite a conservative approach. Our conclusions need corroboration across other frequently used fossil anchor points, but also with more genetic partitions on the linear relationship between molecular substitutions and geologic time.
Über die Giftigkeit von Bleitetraäthyl und anorganischen Bleisalzen

Im Verlauf von Untersuchungen uber Bleivergiftung ist die Giftigkeit von Bleitetraathyl an Kaninchen bestimmt und mit derjenigen anderer und gebrauchlicherer Bleiverbindungen verglichen worden. Nachstehend sollen die Einzelheiten der Untersuchungsmethode sowie die Befunde uber die Giftigkeit und auserdem einige wichtige Auswirkungen des Bleitetraathyls beschrieben werden.
Integration with Respect to Finitely Additive Measures

This essay interprets the theory of finitely additive measures within the framework of the theory of Riesz spaces. The following topics are discussed: the extension procedures of measures, the Riemann and the Dunford integration procedures, the Radon-Nikodym Theorem and the Hahn Decomposition Theorem, the representation theory of the Radon- Nikodym derivatives as generalized functions, conditional expectation operators, the theory of L p -spaces, and the norm completeness problem.
Determining the Function of Long Noncoding RNA in Innate Immunity.

Abstract The advent of deep sequencing technologies has provided us with an unprecedented view of the human genome. Over 85 % of the genome is actively transcribed, yet we do not know the function of the vast majority of these RNA transcripts. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) represent the largest group of RNA genes transcribed in the cell and currently there is limited experimental data supporting the functions of a very small proportion of these transcripts. lncRNA are expressed in a highly cell type specific manner and our interests involve understanding the role they play in innate immune signaling networks. In this chapter I will outline the approach we took to attempt to uncover the role for lncRNA in innate immune cells. Two of the main techniques required to study lncRNA are RNA-seq and loss of function analysis. This allows us to first identify all lncRNA in a cell type of choice and then try to determine the functional significance of these transcripts. This approach has been successful for us to date in identifying lincRNA-Cox2 as a highly inflammatory inducible lncRNA that is responsible for activation and repression of distinct immune genes.
Influence of the Aggregation of a Carbazole Thiophene Cyanoacrylate Sensitizer on Sensitized Photocurrents on ZnO Single Crystals

Dye sensitization of zinc oxide single crystals by a carbazole thiophene cyanoacrylate (MK-2) sensitizer deposited from THF and mixtures of THF and water was investigated. AFM images show the formation of larger aggregates, with the maximum size of 20–30 nm from mixtures of THF and water, compared with 8–12 nm from pure THF. Sensitized photocurrent spectra were correlated with the morphological results from AFM imaging and indicate that aggregation in water results in less efficient sensitization of the ZnO substrate. The presence of the aggregation in solution due to water content was confirmed by absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopies.
Abstract B94: The effect of clinic on identifying predictors of HPV co-testing with Pap in routine cervical cancer screening

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) co-testing with Pap is recommended for cervical cancer screening among women ≥ 30 years. However, little has been reported regarding actual provider use of HPV co-testing with Pap in clinical practice. Purpose: We sought to identify predictors of HPV co-testing with Pap among women ≥ 30 years by utilizing laboratory and administrative data from the Johns Hopkins Hospital Division of Cytopathology in Baltimore, MD. Methods: We analyzed 51,027 Pap specimen records and 4,148 HPV test records among 30,272 women ≥ 30 years in 88 clinics from February 2004 to December 2007. The outcome was HPV co-testing with Pap among women ≥ 30 years, and covariates included patient race, age, insurance type, ZIP code median household income, and calendar year. We constructed population-average logistic regression models. These included robust standard error estimation for clinic clustering and, at times, a fixed-effects estimator for within-clinic effects. We also stratified our analyses to five individual clinics. Results: The overall proportion of HPV co-testing with Pap was 8.1%. Notably, 12.8% of Pap specimens of black women received HPV co-testing compared to 5.2% for specimens of white women and 6.2% for those of women of other races (p Conclusions: Under a population-average public health approach, the predictors of HPV co-testing with Pap varied between the pooled analyses and clinic stratified analyses. Using fixed-effects estimation to account for between-clinics effects in the pooled analyses provided further evidence for the substantial influence of clinics on the findings. This research suggests that the predictors of HPV co-testing with Pap among women ≥ 30 years likely lay at the provider and/or clinic level(s). Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B94.
Volume loss from lower Peyto Glacier, Alberta, Canada, between 1966 and 2010

Mass loss from mountain glaciers contributes to sea-level rise and reduces freshwater availability in glacier-fed river basins, with negative effects on hydropower generation, agriculture and the health of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we determine the volume of lower Peyto Glacier, Alberta, Canada, from ground-penetrating radar surveys in 2008–10, and compare our volume estimate with previous estimates from 1966 and 1984. The long-term record of mass-balance estimates on Peyto Glacier highlights Peyto’s importance as an ‘index’ glacier for the region. We calculate a mean volume of (3.39 ± 0.30) × 107 m3 for the glacier snout for the period 2008–10. Glacier volume decreased linearly from 1966 to 2010. If this trend persists, the glacier snout will disappear by ~2019 and Peyto Glacier will have retreated by ~1 km. Our results agree with modelling studies, which suggest that Peyto Glacier and other nearby glaciers along the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains will likely lose 80–90% of their present-day volume by 2100.
Counterion and Substrate Effects on Barrier Heights of the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides Catalyzed by Co(III)-salen

Density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to the proposed rate-limiting step of the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides as catalyzed by Co-salen-X (X = counterion) in order to resolve questions surrounding the mechanism. The present results indicate that the bimetallic mechanism proposed by Jacobsen shows nonadditive, cooperative catalysis with a larger reduction in barrier height than the sum of the barrier height reductions from the two monometallic reaction pathways. We computed barrier heights for the reaction using several counterions (chloride, acetate, tosylate, and hydroxide). For the three counterions that are experimentally active (chloride, acetate, and tosylate) the barrier heights are 35, 38, and 34 kJ mol–1, respectively, while for hydroxide it is 48 kJ mol–1. The similarity of the barrier heights for chloride, acetate, and tosylate is in agreement with their similar peak reaction rates. The finding that Co-salen-X with these counterions leads to rather different ...
Preliminary Event Detection of Earthquakes Using the Cascadia Initiative Data

Online Material: Table of station locations. Along the northwestern coast of North America, the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) produces a range of slip behavior along the plate boundary megathrust zone, from great earthquakes to episodic slow slip and tremor downdip of the seismogenic zone (e.g., Ghosh et al. , 2010, 2012; McCausland et al. , 2010; Beroza and Ide, 2011; Wech and Creager, 2011; Ide, 2012). At the CSZ, the Juan de Fuca plate subducts beneath the North American plate at ∼2.5–4 cm/yr (Fig. 1) (e.g., McCaffrey et al. , 2007). Figure 1. Tectonic setting of Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ), highlighted by the box in the inset figure. The Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and Explorer plates (labeled JdF, GP, and Expl., respectively) subduct beneath the North American plate. Convergence vectors from McCaffrey et al. (2007) are shown at various locations along the boundary. Estuarine evidence for coseismic subsidence and tsunami inundation, as well as deep‐sea turbidites as indicators of earthquake shaking, suggest that multiple great earthquakes have occurred, both as partial and full ruptures of the entire margin (e.g., Satake and Atwater, 2007; Williams et al. , 2011; Goldfinger et al. , 2012). It is estimated that 18 ruptures have occurred in the last 9800 yrs (Goldfinger et al. , 2003). These events have an average recurrence interval of 600 yrs, with the individual intervals ranging from 215 to 1488 yrs (Goldfinger et al. , 2003). The most recent great rupture, constrained by the orphan tsunami in Japan and tree‐ring data, occurred in 1700 (e.g., Satake et al. , 1996; Satake and Atwater, 2007). Tsunami simulations of the event indicate the entire along‐strike extent of the CSZ ruptured in an earthquake of M w 8.7–9.2, with 600–1000 km of the coast dropping 1–2 m below sea (e.g., Satake et al. , 1996, 2003; Goldfinger et al. , 2003 …
Autotransfusion in dogs using a 2-syringe technique

Objective To describe the successful use of an autotransfusion technique utilizing 2 syringes in 4 dogs. Case Series Summary All 4 dogs in this series had a hemoabdomen and subsequent hypovolemic shock. During surgery blood was collected from the abdominal cavity by the surgeon and passed to an assistant. The blood was then transferred to a second syringe for direct IV administration. The blood was passed through an inline blood filter prior to reaching the patient. Given the transfusion volume and administration time frame, 3 cases were classified as a massive transfusion. All 4 dogs survived the transfusion, were discharged within 3 days of surgery/transfusion and no complications were noted. New or Unique Information Provided This case series describes a relatively simple method of performing an autotransfuion in patients with hemoabdomen and hypovolemic shock.
Research on broad sense multiple optimal solutions of the transportation problem

Firstly, three conceptions are proposed in the paper, that are the conception on multiple optimal solutions of transportation problem, the conception on narrowed sense multiple optimal solutions and the conception on broad sense multiple optimal solutions of (transportation) problem. Secondly, the multiple optimal solutions of (transportation) problem is sorted into numbered multiple optimal solutions and unnumbered multiple optimal (solutions), furthermore, the theorem on judging of them are proposed. Finally, an example is given to test the theories.
Assays of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and Pyruvate Carboxylase Activity

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) are mitochondrial enzymes that provide the initial steps of the two main alternatives for pyruvate metabolism: oxidative decarboxylation vs. anaplerotic carboxylation, gluconeogenesis, and glycerogenesis. Assays of the enzymatic activity of these two enzymes in cells and tissues are described in this chapter, based on evolution or fixation of (14)CO(2). These assays are both suitable for use in crude homogenates of cultured skin fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and frozen muscle (PDC) or liver (PC). Activities of these two enzymes are related to spectrophotometric assays of two other mitochondrial enzymes, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) and citrate synthase (CS), providing initial indices of sample integrity and mitochondrial content. These parameters have proven useful for initial detection of inherited human disorders due to deficiencies of these enzymes, and in combination with available genetic analyses can lead to confirmation of specific diagnoses.
Spiller, William Gibson

American neurologist and neuropathologist William Gibson Spiller (1863–1940) has been described as “the most distinguished American clinical neurologist of his time.” He is most remembered for his contributions to the neurosurgical management of pain, including the Spiller–Frazier operation for trigeminal neuralgia, and cordotomy for intractable lower-body pain. Spiller was also a recognized authority on lesions of the brainstem and in 1908 described the medullary syndrome resulting from anterior spinal artery occlusion.
Observation and coaching as a professional learning model to support the implementation of co-teaching

OBSERVATION AND COACHING AS A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING MODEL TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CO-TEACHING by Mary Alice Henley Chair: Shirley A. Freed ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH DissertationOF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University School of Education Title: OBSERVATION AND COACHING AS A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING MODEL TO SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CO-TEACHING Name of researcher: Mary Alice Henley Name and degree of faculty chair: Shirley A. Freed, Ph.D. Date completed: January 2016 Purpose This qualitative study provides a description of a professional learning model using observation and coaching for teachers who participated in training regarding coteaching to support the implementation of co-teaching. Method The study involved participants who were general and special educators from grades K-12 across urban, rural, and suburban school districts in Connecticut. The study included 329 observations of 136 co-teaching teams from 44 schools in 14 districts over the course of 14 years. Classroom observations of 15-20 minutes were initiated in schools with co-teachers in their natural settings using an open-ended observation protocol recorded on the Connecticut Co-Teaching Technical Assistance Visit Observation Tool. Each co-teaching team was observed at least twice. Observations were transcribed and coded to construct thematic matrices. Some of the teams also used an innovation configuration map to self-evaluate their progress in implementing co-teaching. An iterative, recursive process of sorting, categorizing, and linking data into narratives was used to make meaning and provide a rich description of co-teaching. Results A qualitative study design was used to obtain a deeper understanding of coteaching. The narratives share how the co-teachers in the study experienced the development of parity and identified the necessary ingredients to use each of the six coteaching approaches. The data came from notes by coaches during observation and coaching and the results of the self-evaluations using the innovation configuration map. Four themes emerged from the data in response to the first research question. They are: (a) the importance of the development of parity; (b) a wide range of coteaching approaches were identified in the initial observations; (c) during the second observation, coaches identified usage of more co-teaching approaches that allowed for more intensive instruction; and (d) influence of planning time on the use of co-teaching approaches. Narrative examples for each theme were provided. The second research question yielded four categories related to teaching behaviors and instruction. They were: (a) instructional strategies; (b) grouping strategies; (c) classroom/behavior management; and (d) specially designed instruction. Narrative examples for each category were given.
Fault Lines: Earthquakes and Urbanism in Modern Italy

Today, more than ever before, natural disasters threaten human settlements on earth. As sea levels rise, hurricanes and tornadoes threaten, and earthquakes shake previously stable seismic regions, ...
The earliest occurrence of a newly described domesticate in Eastern North America: Adena/Hopewell communities and agricultural innovation

Abstract Archaic and Woodland period communities in eastern North America domesticated a suite of annual seed crops referred to the Eastern Agricultural Complex (EAC), some of which subsequently fell out of cultivation and were lost. Recently, a domesticated sub-species of one of these lost crops, erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum) has been described. This paper reports the earliest example of this domesticated sub-species, which was recovered from a sub-mound context at an Adena/Hopewell site in central Kentucky (Walker-Noe, 15Gd56) dating to c. 1 AD. Contemporary Middle Woodland erect knotweed assemblages from habitation sites in western Illinois are not domesticated. A review of the paleoethnobotanical record suggests that farmers on the western front of the Appalachian Mountains developed several innovative agricultural practices, beginning around 1000 BC, that subsequently were adopted across the core area of EAC cultivation. The ethnography and sociology of 20th and 21st century farmer networks suggests that Adena/Hopewell exchange and community integration at mounds and earthworks may have been instrumental to this process. Additional analyses of botanical assemblages from mounds and earthworks, especially morphometric analyses of crop seeds, are necessary to test this hypothesis. The dynamics of social learning involved in this process may also be implicated in the spread of crop varieties and agricultural techniques in other regions.
Identification of gene expression levels in primary melanoma associated with clinically meaningful characteristics

Factors influencing melanoma survival include sex, age, clinical stage, lymph node involvement, as well as Breslow thickness, presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes based on histological analysis of primary melanoma, mitotic rate, and ulceration. Identification of genes whose expression in primary tumors is associated with these key tumor/patient characteristics can shed light on molecular mechanisms of melanoma survival. Here, we show results from a gene expression analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary melanomas with extensive clinical annotation. The Cancer Genome Atlas data on primary melanomas were used for validation of nominally significant associations. We identified five genes that were significantly associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the joint analysis after adjustment for multiple testing: IL1R2, PPL, PLA2G3, RASAL1, and SGK2. We also identified two genes significantly associated with melanoma metastasis to the regional lymph nodes (PIK3CG and IL2RA), and two genes significantly associated with sex (KDM5C and KDM6A). We found that LEF1 was significantly associated with Breslow thickness and CCNA2 and UBE2T with mitosis. RAD50 was the gene most significantly associated with survival, with a higher level of expression associated with worse survival.
A chance to see the sights

The first in a series of articles that will explore the classic five senses, introduces ways to investigate and explore each sense alongside cross-curricular activities to reinforce learning – this month, sight.
Distribution of Juvenile Horseshoe Crabs in Subtidal Habitats of Delaware Bay Using a Suction-Dredge Sampling Device

Surveys of horseshoe crab juvenile distribution and abundance typically do not include shallow subtidal areas primarily because of the logistical difficulties with sampling in this habitat. A suction-dredge was constructed consisting of a “T”-shaped sampling head; an 8-hp trash pump, a 15.2-m-long non-collapsible hose-pipe; and a gunwale-mounted catch-basin to survey newly hatched juvenile horseshoe crabs in shallow subtidal habitats of lower Delaware Bay. Suction-dredge data were compared to catches taken in 4.9-m-small trawl collections at a series of 84 shallow water stations in 4 separate sampling events conducted in the summer and fall of 2004. Suction-dredge sampling for standard tow lengths of 15.2 m produced orders of magnitude higher catches compared to the trawls which were towed for an average of 109 m. The dredge was capable of sampling many stations in a single day and did not damage juveniles excessively. There was evidence for gradual bayward migrations of juvenile horseshoe crabs, as higher densities were found close to the spawning beaches in July, but progressively higher densities were found in offshore transects in August. Few juveniles were collected in September and October. This study demonstrated that juvenile horseshoe crabs were abundant in shallow subtidal areas of Delaware Bay, and that suction-dredge sampling could provide a valuable tool to monitor horseshoe crab populations.
Chris Heyde’s Contribution to Inference in Stochastic Processes

This overview of Heyde’s research on inference in stochastic processes is based on a subjective sampling of his extensive publications in this area.
Domain Adaptation meets Active Learning

In this work, we show how active learning in some (target) domain can leverage information from a different but related (source) domain. We present an algorithm that harnesses the source domain data to learn the best possible initializer hypothesis for doing active learning in the target domain, resulting in improved label complexity. We also present a variant of this algorithm which additionally uses the domain divergence information to selectively query the most informative points in the target domain, leading to further reductions in label complexity. Experimental results on a variety of datasets establish the efficacy of the proposed methods.
Inhibition of Ca2+ and K+ currents by "antifreeze" proteins

For the last two decades, the research on fish "antifreeze" proteins has focused exclusively on their ability to depress noncolligatively blood plasma freezing points, presumably by binding to ice crystals. We report evidence that antifreeze polypeptides from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) have another special property, the ability to block ion channels. In experiments with porcine granulosa cells we show, using the patch-clamp technique in the whole cell configuration, that these proteins suppress effectively calcium and potassium currents. The results of dose-response studies indicate a protein-protein interaction mechanism.
Should compliance with the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) process measures determine Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates

The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) is a project that focuses on improving surgical care by reducing surgical morbidity and mortality by 25 per cent by 2010. Starting in 2011, SCIP compliance affects Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates. Although SCIP reinforces better practices in surgical care, does compliance with SCIP measures actually result in a decrease in surgical morbidity and mortality? This study examined compliance with the SCIP surgical site infection (SSI) module (prophylactic antibiotic received within 1 hour before surgical incision) during 2009 to 2010 (n = 703) to determine whether patients compliant with SCIP data had a correlation with SSI rates as reported by National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data for the same time period. We found no statistically significant association in patients that have failed SCIP INF1 in the years 2009 to 2010 (n = 43) and the rates of SSI (n = 0) for the same time period. These data suggest that SCIP compliance should not be used to determine Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates because there is no correlation between failure of SCIP INF1 and SSI. Instead, further effort should be placed on developing tools designed to acknowledge outcome measures that result in decreased morbidity/mortality and change practices accordingly such as NSQIP.
Bowel care for individuals with spinal cord injury: comparison of four approaches.

The efficacies of four bowel care regimens (bisacodyl suppositories, glycerin suppositories, mineral oil enemas and docusate sodium mini-enemas) were compared in seven subjects with traumatic spina...
Diversity Lacking/Competitive Advantage Through Diversity: Organizational Learning From Difference Peter Herriot and Carole Pemberton

(1996). Diversity Lacking/Competitive Advantage Through Diversity: Organizational Learning From Difference Peter Herriot and Carole Pemberton. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 197-199.
Impact of red blood cell transfusions on intestinal barrier function in preterm infants.

Objective To determine the relationships of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and enteral feeding to changes in intestinal permeability (IP) measured by the relative intestinal uptake of lactulose (La) and rhamnose (Rh) in preterm infants Design/methods Infants 240-326wk gestation received La/Rh solution enterally on study days 1, 8 and 15.Urinary La/Rh ratio was measured by HPLC. Hematocrit preceding transfusion, total RBC transfusion volume, volume/kg, and feeding status during each study interval (birth-d1; d1-d8, and d8-d15) were determined. Results Of the seventeen (40.5%) subjects who received≥1 transfusion during the study period, 12 (70.6%) infants were 0.05) than in intervals preceding low IP (La/Rh≤0.05) measurements (33 vs 35.8, p = 0.1051). RBC transfusions occurred more frequently in intervals preceding high IP than in intervals preceding low IP (26.8%; vs 8.3%, p = 0.0275) with 5-fold higher total RBC volume and volume/kg in intervals preceding any time point with high IP. RBC transfusion during an interval was associated with a three-fold increased risk of high IP (aOR 2.7; 95% C.I 0.564-12.814; p = 0.2143). Exclusive breast milk exposure and post-menstrual age reduced the risk for high IP following RBC transfusion. Conclusions Both RBC transfusion number and volume was associated with subsequent high IP measurements in preterm infants
Quantum Mechanics: Some Remarks and Themes

Quantum mechanics to a large extent is a subject which conceptually is abstract and very mathematical in nature. Despite its abstract formalism it has proved to be a storehouse of ideas of enormous practical value. These radically new ideas, boldly proposed and strikingly uncommon, have helped to unlock deep secrets of the world, especially at the microscopic level where the breakdown of classical physics becomes rather apparent. There flows indeed from this subject a vast stream of concrete, everyday life applications. The phenomenon of transistors, television, semiconductors, computers, lasers, to name a few, instruments of unde-bated importance for communication, education, energy requirements, medicine, etc.—all involve quantum mechanical effects. The work of P. Lenard and especially of A. Einstein on the photoelectric effect, for example, helped toward the development of television. Our world has been positively changed by the fruits of this elegant subject and its forward thinking founders.
A Feminist Perspective on Conducting Personally Relevant Research: Working Mothers Studying Pregnancy and Motherhood at Work

While often focused on theory building and intellectual credibility, management scholars have rich, complex lives outside of academia. Their non-work lives may inform the phenomenon they choose to ...
Irradiation induced creep in nanocrystalline high entropy alloys

Abstract Irradiation induced creep (IIC) compliance in NiCoFeCrMn high entropy alloys is measured as a function of grain size (30
Credentials of Teachers in States Where Elementary and Early Childhood Education Licenses Overlap in Grades K, 1, 2, and/or 3

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the claim that in states where elementary education (ELED) and early childhood education (ECED) licenses share the same grades, the preponderance of generalist teach...
Calculation of the Transition Effect in Electromagnetic Cascades for Depths beyond Shower Maximum

A model of the propagation of electromagnetic cascade showers for depths beyond shower maximum is used to calculate the magnitude of the transition effect from lead to Plexiglas. The results of the calculation compare favorably with previously determined experimental results.
A new breeze from an inspiring past: normality with multiple breath washout in school-aged children.

Multiple breath washout is likely to gain clinical relevance due to the recent availability of reference data. This may stimulate its clinical applicability in CF and other small airway diseases.http://bit.ly/2Wa72qE
16 – Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

Publisher Summary This chapter fouses on robotics and artificial intelligence. The chapter discusses how robots are being used today and what jobs they will be doing in the future. Artificial intelligence is the study of making machines that exhibit intelligent behavior. A robot is a machine that resembles a man and does routine tasks on command as though it were alive. Industrial robots perform many tasks at a fraction of the cost of human labor. The term “robotics” was coined by Dr. Isaac Asimov, one of the world's foremost science fiction writers. He stated three laws in his book I, Robot that robots must obey: (1) a robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, (2) a robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law, and (3) a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
Access Through the Anatomical Snuffbox for Neuroendovascular Procedures: A Single Institution Series.

Background Distal transradial catheterization in the anatomic snuffbox is an alternate route of access that has started to gain consideration for neuroendovascular procedures. Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes and present our institution's experience in performing neuroendovascular procedures via distal transradial access (dTRA). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis and identified 120 patients who underwent consecutive neuroendovascular procedures via dTRA in the anatomic snuffbox. Data collection was performed on indication for procedure, sheath size, number of vessels selectively catheterized, fluoroscopy time, procedure duration, radiation exposure, conversion to femoral approach, access site complication, and procedure success. Results Of 120 patients with an average age of 54.7 yr ± 14.7, 73 (60.8%) underwent diagnostic angiograms, 38 (31.7%) underwent follow-up angiograms, and 9 (7.5%) underwent therapeutic procedures. The overall mean number of vessels catheterized was 2.5 ± 0.1 per procedure, the mean procedure time was 68.3 min ± 43.4, the mean fluoroscopy time was 10.8 min ± 7.6, the mean contrast dose was 70.6 mL ± 39.1, and the mean radiation exposure was 27 672.2 mGycm2 ± 42 728.4. Successfully completed therapeutic procedures included aneurysm 1 (0.8%), arteriovenous malformation (AVM)/arteriovenous fistula/carotid cavernous fistula 7 (5.8%), and 1 (0.8%) other treatment. Three patients (2.5%) required adjunct transfemoral endovenous access for AVM embolization. Two minor complications (1.67%) were a local wrist hematoma and a radial artery vasospasm without any sequelae. Conclusion Distal radial artery catheterization in the anatomic snuffbox is a safe and effective access site to perform neuroendovascular procedures. Complications and conversion rate are low making it a safe alternative.
Purine nucleosides. XXVII. The synthesis of 1- and 7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine and related nucleosides. The use of the N-amino group as a selective blocking agent in nucleoside synthesis.

The synthesis of the 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl derivative of 7-methyl-8-oxoguanine, a purine which appears in large quantities in the urine of leukemia patients, is described. Several related nucleosides, including the 1-methyl- and 7-dimethyl derivatives of 8-oxoguanosine and 1-methyl- and 7-methyl-8-oxoadenosine, have also been prepared. The first use of the N-amino function as a blocking group in the selective methylation of nucleosides is described. A method is reported for the resolution of N-H proton resonances in the presence of small amounts of water through the use of trifluoroacetic acid in [2H6]dimethyl sulfoxide.
Sexual Victimization Among Men: A Qualitative Analysis of the Twitter Hashtag #UsToo.

The present study sought to characterize use of the hashtag #UsToo on Twitter to disclose or comment on men’s experiences of sexual victimization. A sample of 281 original content, English-language...
Delayed Newton-Based Multivariable Extremum Seeking with Sequential Predictors

Abstract We provide a new method for Newton-based multivariable extremum seeking which allows different delays in each of the input channels. We allow arbitrarily long input delays. Our sequential predictor delay compensation method eliminates the need for the distributed terms that were required in earlier methods. We illustrate our method in a source seeking example.
Flesh and Bone: Theater, Copyright, and the Ineffable

Existing copyright regimes are wholly out of step with the most critically significant forms of theater being made today. The joint works doctrine in particular is inadequate for assigning value to the contributions of multiple collaborators in a fair or sensible way. This is true to an extent even in the traditional theater, but the doctrine is utterly unsuited to parsing the more complex and mutable vectors of authorship in more experimental, de-hierarchized collaborative configurations. The fact that our legal system is not equipped to accommodate innovative performance work signals a troubling lack of national investment in the arts. To remedy this unfortunate situation, I propose amending the Copyright Act so that it (1) invalidates judge-made law requiring an independently copyrightable contribution for joint authors in theater and (2) makes it possible to assign proportional ownership shares that reflect the relative contributions of collaborators. I further propose establishing a Federal Court of Appeals for Art akin to the Federal Circuit so that, going forward, complex questions of authorship and aesthetics can be adjudicated not by generalists but by judges with appropriate expertise. Art, like science, has a specialized technical language all its own, and the conditions under which are is made are particular and often peculiar. If it is to be true to its constitutional mandate, copyright law must promote artistic progress. It may be too much to ask that the law keep pace with the manifold developments in the ever expanding (and increasingly interdisciplinary) art world, but a new, specialized Article III court could at least mitigate against the law being left where it is today, in the proverbial dust.
Assessment of Screening Mammography Recommendations-Reply.

In Reply The Letter to the Editor from Ms Wolf regarding our article1 is well-intentioned—we all want to reduce deaths from breast cancer. This debate essentially boils down to disagreement as to whether women should participate in the decision to undergo breast cancer screening. If we support women making informed choices, we do them a disservice by overstating the benefits, and dismissing the harms, of screening mammography, as exemplified in Ms Wolf’s letter and in the results of our study. We found that most US breast centers prescribe a universal approach to screening, rather than advising women to have a discussion with their physician, as recommended in national (nonspecialty society) guidelines. Identify all potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to your comment. Conflicts of interest comprise financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including but not limited to employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speaker's bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. Err on the side of full disclosure. If you have no conflicts of interest, check "No potential conflicts of interest" in the box below. The information will be posted with your response. Not all submitted comments are published. Please see our commenting policy for details.
Mysterious Infantile Cyanosis: An Imaging Case Series.

In the setting of cyanosis in the neonatal period with no evidence of a cyanotic congenital heart defect, a cardiologist should consider a diagnosis of cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). We present four cases of CTD, a rare form of congenital heart disease. Our objectives are to (1) describe the presentation of this disease, (2) demonstrate the common echocardiographic features, and (3) discuss the management of these patients.
Generalized Paroxysmal Fast Activity in EEG: not an uncommon finding in genetic generalized epilepsy (P2.226)

Objective: To study generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) Background: GPFA is an electroencephalographic (EEG) finding in patients with GGE consisting of 10–35 Hz bifrontally predominant generalized fast activity seen almost exclusively in sleep. Historically GPFA is linked to epileptic encephalopathy with tonic-absence seizures, refractory absence epilepsy and mental retardation. However, GPFA can be an atypical finding in patients with GGE and may indicate good response to anti-epileptic medications. GPFA could denote a different electroclinical syndrome and favorable clinical profile in patient with GGE. We report cognitive profile and seizure characteristics in seven patients with GGE and GPFA. Design/Methods: EEGs of all patients were reviewed by epileptologists at our comprehensive epilepsy center. Epilepsy database was searched for “GPFA”, “generalized epilepsy” and “generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWD)”. The seizure type, frequency, neurological work-up, cognitive profile and imaging data were obtained from chart review. Results: All seven patients had normal cognitive function. Awake and sleep states were captured on EEGs of all patients. All patients had GSWD and GPFA. The main seizure-type was generalized tonic-clonic (GTCS) in five patients, absences in one and myoclonic absences in the other. None of the patients had tonic seizures. Age at onset of epilepsy ranged from 5 to 26 years. None of the patients had MRI lesions. The mean seizure frequency at the time of EEG was 4.5/month in four patients while three patients were seizure free on two AEDs. Conclusions: GPFA can be an unnoticed common electrographic finding in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy. While GPFA remains an important diagnostic EEG feature for epileptic encephalopathy (Lenaux-Gestaut syndrome) it is not always associated with absence or tonic seizures. GPFA may have a spectrum of variable phenotypic expression and may be associated with good seizure outcome in patients with GGE. Disclosure: Dr. Sagi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bhatt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abou-Khalil has received financial support for research activities with Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, UCB Pharma, Schwarz Biosciences, King Pharma, Ortho-McNeill, and Icagen, Inc. Dr. Sonmezturk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arain has received personal compensation for activities with UCB, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, and Pfizer as a consultant.