cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lateral Sinus Grafting Approach: Overview and Recent Developments

With the increased popularity of dental implant therapy for the replacement of missing teeth, a need arose for a method to provide patients with bony support for these implants in cases where alveolar ridges volume were insufficient for implant placement.
Miniaturized chemical sensors for physiological monitoring in space exploration

The construction, operation, and performance characteristics of a compact dualwavelength, solid-state photometer and fiber-optic probe for use with absorbance based thin-film sensors are described. The instrument has been specifically designed for field deployment and uses low-cost components while maintaining a precision and accuracy comparable to fluorescence-based laboratory sensors. The computer-controlled photometer employs red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as fixed-wavelength light sources and silicon photodiodes as detectors, and it has no moving parts. Graded refractive index lenses control light propagation through a beam splitter in the photometer and through the fiber-optic probe. The beamsplitter directs light simultaneously on to a sample and a reference detector in a doublebeam in-space mode which compensates for fluctuations in the outputs of the LEDs. A chemically modified polymeric film is mounted on the fiber probe and serves as an optical pH sensor. The previously described sensing film is constructed by the immobilization of the diprotic acid-base indicator Congo Red at a base-hydrolyzed cellulose acetate film and responds to changes in pH between 0 and 4.2. An absorbance-based internal calibration scheme, which takes advantage of the optical properties of each of the reactive forms of the immobilized indicator, is presented. The potential capability of this instrumentation, based on its small size and minimal need for calibration, to function as a durable low-maintenance pH sensor for on-site deployment in environmental monitoring applications, is discussed.
Experiences of aging in place in the United States: protocol for a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative studies

By 2035, older adults will outnumber children for the first time in the United States (US). In light of its aging population, the US has supported services focused on enabling older adults to continue living in their current homes, a model commonly described as “aging in place.” The lived experience of aging in place is not well documented in existing systematic reviews. The aims of this systematic review are to synthesize and evaluate the existing qualitative evidence on experiences of aging in place in the US and identify knowledge gaps and directions for future studies. Six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Sociological Abstracts) will be searched. Studies presenting qualitative data on the experiences of older adults currently aging in place in the US will be included. Covidence software will be used to screen studies and extract data. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative research will be used to assess quality and risk of bias of included studies. We will use meta-ethnography, following the method described by Noblit and Hare, to synthesize and evaluate the results of the included studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to integrate and synthesize the findings of qualitative studies of aging in place focusing on older adults in the US. The findings of this review will provide in-depth knowledge on lived experiences of aging in place and address important gaps in existing work. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42018102847
Breastfeeding Duration and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease.

Abstract Background: Previous studies have suggested that prolonged breastfeeding has beneficial effects on the health of the mother including the reduction of long-term risk of coronary artery dis...
Quantum many-body dynamics on the star graph

We study 2-local Hamiltonian quantum systems, consisting of qubits interacting on the star graph of N vertices. We numerically demonstrate that these models are generically non-integrable at infinite temperature, and find evidence for a finite temperature phase transition to a glassy phase in generic models. Operators can become complicated in constant time: we explicitly find that there is no bound on out-of-time-ordered correlators, even at finite temperature. Operator growth is not correctly modeled by stochastic quantum dynamics, including Brownian Hamiltonian dynamics or random unitary circuits. The star graph (and similar constructions) may serve as a useful testing ground for conjectures about universality, quantum chaos and Planckian dissipation in k-local systems, including in experimental quantum simulators.
Errors in Imaging of Thoracic Trauma

Thoracic trauma remains one of the most important and relevant medical and imaging topics across the world. With the combination of both conventional radiography and the major advancements with multi-detector CT, accurate diagnosis of thoracic trauma-related injuries is achievable. The recognition of major thoracic injuries including aortic, cardiac, pleural, pulmonary, tracheobronchial, diaphragmatic, and skeletal injuries on different imaging modalities, especially on CT, is crucial in the overall management of trauma patients. Awareness of common pitfalls in imaging of thoracic trauma is crucial in order to avoid misdiagnosis.
On codes over Frobenius rings: generating characters, MacWilliams identities and generator matrices

Codes over commutative Frobenius rings are studied with a focus on local Frobenius rings of order 16 for illustration. The main purpose of this work is to present a method for constructing a generating character for any commutative Frobenius ring. Given such a character, the MacWilliams identities for the complete and symmetrized weight enumerators can be easily found. As examples, generating characters for all commutative local Frobenius rings of order 16 are given. In addition, a canonical generator matrix for codes over local non-chain rings is discussed. The purpose is to show that when working over local non-chain rings, a canonical generator matrix exists but is less than useful which emphases the difficulties in working over such rings.
Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index Early Post-LVAD Implantation Predicts Severe Right Ventricular Failure

Purpose Early identification of right ventricular failure (RVF) after LVAD implantation is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality. The pre-operative pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) is associated with severe right ventricular failure (RVF) after LVAD implantation. We set out to assess if the PAPi in the immediate post-operative period is also predictive of severe RVF. Methods A single-center retrospective study of 230 patients who received a continuous-flow durable LVAD between 1/2006 and 9/2016. PAPi was defined as: [(PA systolic - PA diastolic) ÷ RA pressure]. Severe RVF was defined as meeting criteria for clinical RVF and having inotropes > 14 days after implant, inotropes re-started after 14 days of implant, RVAD placement during implant admission, or death from RVF during implant admission. The hemodynamics pre-implant and post-operatively were documented. A multivariate analysis for predictors of severe RVF was performed, and ROC curves were created. Results In our 230-patient cohort, 62 patients (27%) were found to have severe RVF. Patients in the severe RVF group had higher INTERMACS profile, were more likely to receive pre-operative vasopressors, have lower total bilirubin and lower PAPi. The multivariable model (which included age, INTERMACS level, creatinine over 1.5 mg/dL, total bilirubin over 2.5 mg/dL, and gender) found that a PAPi 16 at 6 hours post-op (OR 3.1 [1.1, 8.6], p = 0.03, n = 208) were significant predictors of severe RVF. The pulmonary artery (PA) pressure at 6 hours and the CVP, PAPi, and PA pressure at 24 hours were not predictive of severe RVF in our model. A PAPi 16 (ROC c-statistic 0.71) at 6 hours post-op. Conclusion The PAPi at 6 hours is a significant predictor of severe RVF and adds value to standard hemodynamic measurements.
AttentiveVideo: A Multimodal Approach to Quantify Emotional Responses to Mobile Advertisements

Understanding a target audience's emotional responses to a video advertisement is crucial to evaluate the advertisement's effectiveness. However, traditional methods for collecting such information are slow, expensive, and coarse grained. We propose AttentiveVideo, a scalable intelligent mobile interface with corresponding inference algorithms to monitor and quantify the effects of mobile video advertising in real time. Without requiring additional sensors, AttentiveVideo employs a combination of implicit photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing and facial expression analysis (FEA) to detect the attention, engagement, and sentiment of viewers as they watch video advertisements on unmodified smartphones. In a 24-participant study, AttentiveVideo achieved good accuracy on a wide range of emotional measures (the best average accuracy = 82.6% across nine measures). While feature fusion alone did not improve prediction accuracy with a single model, it significantly improved the accuracy when working together with model fusion. We also found that the PPG sensing channel and the FEA technique have different strength in data availability, latency detection, accuracy, and usage environment. These findings show the potential for both low-cost collection and deep understanding of emotional responses to mobile video advertisements.
176-P: SERIAL DILUTIONS OF SINGLE ANTIGEN BEAD ASSAYS PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN TRANSPLANT-PATIENT MONITORING CASE STUDY

Aim Serial dilutions using single antigen beads on the Luminex platform have become a useful monitoring tool to measure the responsiveness to post transplant rejection therapies and/or desensitization protocols. Although these bead assays are approved to be qualitative, many times physicians request the actual values. (Mean Florescent Intensity). Performing serial dilutions (titers) will provide better discrimination of antibody strength. Methods An 18-year-old, Male, being monitored for post-txp donor specific antibodies using Single Antigen Beads on the Luminex Platform. This is his 2nd graph; the first received 4 years earlier, both having a mismatch with DQB1∗02. Monitoring for anti HLA-DQB1∗02 indicated an increase in DSA after rejection therapies. Results Performing titers with the patient serum at 1:1024 revealed there was a decrease in DSA (Figure 1) and indicated that the course of treatment was giving positive results and should be continued.[figure1]In this case the dilutions also exposed an embedded DQA1∗05 pattern yielding more than one DSA. Further DSAs were also diluted to monitor progress. As the antibody declined the titers were transitioned to 1:64. Conclusions Performing serial dilutions have established varying epitope crossreactivity at different intensities in patients with multiple specificities, which would be otherwise overlooked. The serial dilutions have also been able to reveal the presence of additional antibodies that were imbedded in a mesh of multiple specificities, such as a DQA1 pattern. Serial Titers assist in antibody strength discrimination and are acceptable for antibody quantitation.
Factors influencing the turnover of frontline public child welfare supervisors

Frontline child welfare supervisors are a vitally important component for providing leadership in service delivery and workforce stability. This statewide study of public child welfare supervisors ...
Patients with “dates”: Wrong for doctors but acceptable for drug companies?

Abstract Direct interaction between pharmaceutical representatives and consumers is an issue that is still under-researched. In fact, the underlying ethical issues are completely absent from the radar of regulators. However, this type of communication without a mediating interface (such as a TV broadcaster or an electronic platform) or an intermediary (healthcare professionals) provides a space where consumers are highly exposed to industry influences. While the putative aim of those activities is to educate patients about their health condition, the management of their symptoms and the available treatments, the industry is seeking to replace the traditional role of health professionals. A case study, involving face-to-face interactions, allows a better understanding and provides clarifications to show that it is not the industry’s role to provide health information to consumers. Mechanisms are suggested to support government agencies in ethically regulating this practice.
Minimally invasive concomitant aortic and mitral valve surgery: the “Miami Method”

Valve surgery via a median sternotomy has historically been the standard of care, but in the past decade various minimally invasive approaches have gained increasing acceptance. Most data available on minimally invasive valve surgery has generally involved single valve surgery. Therefore, robust data addressing surgical techniques in patients undergoing double valve surgery is lacking. For patients undergoing combined aortic and mitral valve surgery, a minimally invasive approach, performed via a right lateral thoracotomy (the “Miami Method”), is the preferred method at our institution. This method is safe and effective and leads to an enhanced recovery in our patients given the reduction in surgical trauma. The following perspective details our surgical approach, concepts and results for combined aortic and mitral valve surgery.
A framework of developing machine learning models for facility life-cycle cost analysis

Machine learning techniques have been used for predicting facility-related costs but there is a lack of research on developing machine learning models for the complete life-cycle cost (LCC) analysi...
Clinical Reasoning: A 6-week-old infant with migrating focal seizures

A 6-week-old previously healthy boy who had been born at term presented with episodes of right facial twitching lasting 30 seconds, occurring multiple times daily. Neurologic examination was normal. Maternal pregnancy and birth history was unremarkable. Family history was negative for seizures. Initial EEG monitoring showed multifocal spikes (figure, A and B) and multifocal seizures, some that were clinically associated with facial twitching. He was treated with phenobarbital.
Nudging healthy college dining hall choices using behavioral economics.

Objective: To apply behavioral economics strategies (i.e., placement changes and signage) to nudge university students' healthy dining hall eating. Participants: A convenience sample of 4208 students exiting a university dining hall were asked to take a brief survey on meal selections. Methods: Three unique nudges (related to beverage, snack and dessert) were individually introduced and then removed for a week using a quasi-experimental design. Exit surveys during non-nudge and intervention periods were compared using chi-square analysis. Results: The beverage nudge significantly increased water consumption (p=.03) and the dessert nudge significantly increased healthy dessert consumption (p<.001) between comparison and intervention weeks. The snack intervention did not significantly affect snack choice. Conclusions: Simple signage interventions may be effective to encourage healthy eating behaviors in a college dining hall setting. Student health may be improved by nudging students to select healthier beverage and dessert options.
On the Performance of Triggered Closing Switches Deployed in High Explosive Pulsed Power Experiments

Reported in this paper are the results of efforts to improve the performance of a triggered closing switch system used in a 450 kilojoule capacitor bank, which is used as a seed current source for magnetic flux compression generator experiments. The capacitor bank switch utilizes two different high power closing switches: a commercial-off-the-shelf pressurized spark gap and a custom designed solid dielectric puncture switch. Discussion of the spark gap will focus on the results of an investigation aimed at determining the pre-fire rates, self-break voltage distributions, function times and jitter characteristics of two different switches. A campaign aimed at improving the function time and jitter of a Mylar® solid dielectric puncture switch resulted in almost a two-fold decrease in switching characteristics after reducing the thickness of the solid dielectric.
Real-Time RF Multi-Dimensional Signal Switching Using Polarization-Dependent Optical Mixing

Real-time switching of RF signal properties, including phase, frequency, and amplitude, is essential for emerging high-speed RF systems to improve security, signal fidelity, and enhance data capacity. While it is easy to switch the amplitude of an RF signal at GHz speed, unfortunately, it is extremely challenging to perform phase or frequency switching of an RF signal with a fast switching time in the picosecond range. In this paper, a real-time RF signal switching technique is proposed and demonstrated based on polarization dependent four-wave mixing in a highly-nonlinear optical fiber. Due to the amplitude, phase, and frequency transparent property of four-wave mixing, the proposed scheme is capable of manipulating multidimensional RF signal of over tens of GHz frequency, and achieve frequency hopping and phase switching of a GHz RF signal. The switching time is not limited by the proposed temporal switching technique; instead, it is solely depending on the rise/fall time of the control signal itself. Furthermore, the generation of frequency hopping signal with a switching time of 50 ps, as well as simultaneously frequency and phase switching of a GHz RF signal have been experimentally demonstrated based on the proposed RF signal switching scheme.
Mathematics Education Communities: Crossing Virtual Boundaries

As social media has grown, participation in virtual communities focused on the teaching and learning of mathematics has become a norm within the field of mathematics education. Little work has been done within the field to understand the evolving landscape these communities present and the boundaries that educators, both new and old, create, cross, or demolish through community participation. In this chapter, we draw upon theoretical work in communities of practice and boundary crossing to build a framework for understanding mathematics education communities. Using this framework, we then present profiles of several communities currently popular within North America. In doing so, we demonstrate how the framework can serve as a tool to examine aspects of these communities and understand the boundaries associated with them.
Stress Fractures of the Pelvis and Sacrum

Stress fractures of the pelvis and sacrum are uncommon and are considered to be low-risk sites for fracture progression. They are a rare but treatable cause of groin, hip, low back, and buttock pain but can lead to substantial loss of time from athletic participation. The diagnosis may be difficult to make and, therefore, requires a high index of suspicion due to the broad differential diagnosis. Plain radiographs are the first step in imaging evaluation, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for definitive diagnosis. These injuries are associated with low body mass index (BMI), vitamin D insufficiency, disordered eating, and malabsorption disorders and often necessitate a laboratory workup to determine underlying risk factors. Appropriate treatment includes rest from the causative activity, nutritional support, and biomechanical optimization. In severe, chronic, or recurrent cases, referral for nutritional counseling, hormonal replacement therapies, and mental health support may be necessary. While treatment will vary by fracture location, most stress fractures will heal with rest and modified activity including protected weight-bearing. Rarely, these sites require more aggressive intervention such as prolonged non-weight-bearing or surgical stabilization.
Visual exogenous and endogenous attention and visual memory in preschool children who stutter.

Abstract Purpose Attention develops gradually from infancy to the preschool years and beyond. Exogenous attention, consisting of automatic responses to salient stimuli, develops in infancy, whereas endogenous attention, or voluntary attention, begins to develop later, in the preschool years. The purpose of this study was to examine (a) exogenous and endogenous attention in young children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) through two conditions of a visual sustained selective attention task, and (b) visual short-term memory (STM) between groups within the context of this task. Method 42 CWS and 42 CWNS, ages 3;0–5;5 (years;months), were pair-matched in age, gender (31 males, 11 females per group), and socioeconomic status. Children completed a visual tracking task (Track-It Task; Fisher et al., 2013) requiring sustained selective attention and engaging exogenous and endogenous processes. Following each item, children were asked to recall the item they had tracked, as a memory check. Results The CWS group demonstrated significantly less accuracy in overall tracking and visual memory for the tracked stimuli, compared to the CWNS group. Across groups, the children performed better in sustained selective attention when the target stimuli were more salient (the condition tapping both exogenous and endogenous attention) than when stimuli were less so (the condition tapping primarily endogenous processes). Conclusions Relative to peers, preschool-age CWS, as a group, display weaknesses in visual sustained selective attention and visual STM.
How Nature Works: Rethinking Labor on a Troubled Planet: Edited by Sarah Besky and Alex BlanchetteAlberquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019.

In recent years, work has been the subject of much interest: what it is, who does it, how it should be compensated and recognized. Much of this scholarship has aimed to expand our notions of work b...
Systematic content analysis of patient evaluations of START NOW psychotherapy reveals practical strategies for improving the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Clinical trials provide consistent evidence for buprenorphine’s efficacy in treating opioid use disorder (OUD). While the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 requires physicians to combine medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with behavioral intervention, there is no clear evidence for what form or elements of psychotherapy are most effective when coupled with MAT to treat OUD. This investigation involves focus groups designed to collect patient opinions about a specific psychotherapy, called START NOW, as well as general beliefs about various elements of psychotherapy for treating OUD. Our analysis reveals trends about patient preferences and strategies for improving OUD treatment. Subjects included patients enrolled in buprenorphine/naloxone MAT at our institution’s office-based opioid treatment program. All subjects participated in a single START NOW group session, which was led by a provider (physician or nurse practitioner trained and standardized in delivering START NOW). Consented subjects participated in satisfaction surveys and audio-recorded focus groups assessing individual beliefs about various elements of psychotherapy for treating OUD. Overall, 38 different focus groups, 92 participation events, and 44 unique subjects participated in 1-to-6 different START NOW session/audio-recorded focus group sessions led by a certified moderator. Demographic data from 36/44 subjects was collected. Seventy-five percent (33/44) completed the START NOW Assessment Protocol, which revealed self-reported behavioral trends. Analysis of all 92 START NOW Satisfaction Questionnaire results suggests that subjects’ opinions about START NOW improved with increased participation. Our analysis of audio-recorded focus groups is divided into three subsections: content strategies for new psychotherapies, implementation strategies, and other observations. For example, participants request psychotherapies to target impulsivity and to teach future planning and build positive relationships. The results of this study may guide implementation of psychotherapy and improve the treatment of OUD, especially as it relates to improving the modified START NOW program for treating OUD. Our study also reveals a favorable outlook of START NOW with increased participation, suggesting that any initial reticence to this program can be overcome to allow for effective implementation.
Effects of emodin, a plant-derived anthraquinone, on TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast activation and function

Cardiac fibrosis accompanies a number of pathological conditions and results in altered myocardial structure, biomechanical properties and function. The signaling networks leading to fibrosis are complex, contributing to the general lack of progress in identifying effective therapeutic approaches to prevent or reverse this condition. Several studies have shown protective effects of emodin, a plant-derived anthraquinone, in animal models of fibrosis. A number of questions remain regarding the mechanisms whereby emodin impacts fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a potent stimulus of fibrosis and fibroblast activation. In the present study, experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of emodin on activation and function of cardiac fibroblasts following treatment with TGF-β1. We demonstrate that emodin attenuates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation in vitro. Emodin also inhibits activation of several canonical (SMAD2/3) and noncanonical (Erk1/2) TGF-β signaling pathways, while activating the p38 pathway. These results suggest that emodin may provide an effective therapeutic agent for fibrosis that functions via specific TGF-β signaling pathways.
Alcoholism and Drug Addictions

Evidence from family, twin and adoption studies indicates that genetic variation contributes to individual differences in risk for addiction to alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, and may contribute to comorbidity of addictions with other psychiatric disorders. Molecular genetic studies with animals and humans are helping to identify specific genes involved in drug-seeking behavior, which may improve understanding of the etiology of addictions and lead to new pharmacological treatments. Keywords: genetic epidemiology; drug abuse; twin studies; adoption studies; alcoholism; addiction
Selected to Serve: An Analysis of Lifetime Jury Participation

Using a survey of a random sample of 1,380 Texas adults, we consider what factors distinguish those who have ever had an opportunity to serve on a jury from those who have not (“lifetime participation”). Residential stability and willingness to serve distinguished former jurors from those who had never been summoned or had never been questioned for a case. After controlling for age, neither race nor ethnicity accounted for participation, a finding replicated in data from another state. No factors differentiated former jurors from people who have been questioned but never selected. Our results strongly indicate that improvements to participation should focus on attrition that occurs before potential jurors reach the courtroom.
On Numerators in Search of Denominators

ABSTRACT This editorial criticizes facile misinterpretations of data which mistakenly attribute apparent reductions in the absolute incidence of reported episodes of violent crime from one year to the next to interventions in the criminal justice system when such reductions are, in whole or part, essentially a function of decreases in the population aged 15-30, by which the majority of such episodes are historically committed. Such misinterpretations constitute numerators in search of denominators and ill serve public policy.
New screening test to determine the acceptability of 0.45-micron membrane filters for analysis of water.

During routine membrane filter (MF) quality control testing, irregularities such as partial or complete inhibition of microbial growth at grid lines, abnormal spreading of colonies, growth in or along the grid lines, nonwetting areas, poor colony sheen and metallic sheen on the MF surface with mEndo agar, brittleness, decreased recovery, and severe wrinkling were observed with several lots of filters. To study these effects and to develop a more sensitive screening test for MF quality, we compared five different MFs with various types and degrees of defects by using five stock coliform cultures and five different media. Results showed that the Enterobacter aerogenes-tryptic soy agar test system detected more MF defects than any other combination did and was superior to the Escherichia coli-mFC agar American Society for Testing and Materials method for grid line inhibition. Filtered natural samples grown on the same media showed the same effects as were observed with the pure cultures. Poor colony sheen and sheen on the MF surface were best detected with Enterobacter aerogenes on mEndo agar. The use of tryptic soy agar and mEndo agar with this organism permitted the maximum detection of MF irregularities. Of the 142 MF lots tested by this method, 30% were acceptable, 10% were marginally acceptable, and 61% were unacceptable. This method provides a valuable screening test for determining the acceptability of 0.45-microm-pore-size MFs used for coliform and heterotroph analysis and may also be useful in conjunction with other methods. Images
Teach the Controversy

The Trouble with Physics . The Rise of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next. By Lee Smolin . Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 2006. 416 pp. $26, C$34.95. ISBN 0-618-55105-0. Writing for a broad, nonspecialist audience, the author marshals his arguments against string theory and sketches the approach that he believes will replace it.
Introducing upper-level engineering students to the technical literature in a special topics course by writing review papers according to archival specifications

Many technical elective and graduate courses use a textbook as the sole source of information. While this is convenient and efficient for engineering fundamentals it prevents students from developing skill sets that enables young practitioners to interact with emerging research issues. A culminating paper assignment provides an excellent opportunity to strengthen both self-directed learning and technical communication skills. These paper overviews the scaffolding used to improve learning through the use of writing. Through the project, students gained confidence searching and interpreting the technical literature.
Systemic Semilunar Valve Replacement in Pediatric Patients Using a Porcine, Full-Root Bioprosthesis.

Background Management of systemic semilunar valve disease in growing, young patients is challenging. When replacement is necessary, use of a pulmonary autograft is sometimes not possible for anatomic, pathologic, or technical reasons or due to parental or patient preference. We employed a stentless, porcine, full-root bioprosthesis in this setting and report our outcomes. Methods Over 9 years (2005 to 2013), 24 patients of mean age 13.1 years (range, 3 months to 20.3 years) underwent operation for mixed stenosis and insufficiency in 16 of 24 (67%), pure insufficiency in 7 of 24 (29%), and pure stenosis in 1 of 24 (4%). Twenty patients had previous interventions of repair or replacement, valvuloplasty, or multiple operations. Survival, follow-up echocardiographic findings, and outcomes were documented. All patients were maintained on daily aspirin. Results There were no hospital deaths and no early or late deaths over a mean follow-up for 23 patients of 46.1 months (range, 14 months to 9.2 years). One patient moved abroad and was lost to follow-up. Echocardiographic follow-up (mean 34.0 months) demonstrated that no patient developed more than mild insufficiency or moderate stenosis. In total, 20 of 24 (83%) showed no insufficiency and 11 of 24 patients (46%) showed no stenosis. Near or complete normalization of left ventricular mass and dimension was demonstrated. There were no explants and no thromboembolic or bleeding events. Conclusions When use of a pulmonary autograft is not an option, the porcine full-root bioprosthesis appears favorable for systemic semilunar valve replacement in the pediatric and young adult population. Of note, when prosthetic degeneration does occur, stenosis predominates rather than insufficiency. Longer term studies are warranted.
Merging short-and long-run forecasts: An application of seasonal cointegration to monthly electricity sales forecasting

When forecasts of a series Yt must be made for several horizons, it is a common practice to build different models to forecast different horizons. This paper shows how the information in the several models can be combined in an error-correction framework to yield a single set of forecasts which outperform those from the seperate models. The notions of seasonal integration and cointegration are introduced. The methods are applied to forecasting monthly commercial electricity sales with some success. Also reported are results of some simulation experiments designed to evaluate their effectiveness.
Modeling: Placing Persuasion in Context

The Author discusses the use of a contextual model to teach persuasion and its proven success in first year classes at Western New England College School of Law.
Origin of the smooth zone in early Cretaceous North Atlantic magnetic anomalies

[1] Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous marine magnetic anomalies observed in the North Atlantic exhibit an abrupt change in character in M5-M15 crust. The anomalies are smoother with low amplitudes, and are difficult to correlate among nearby profiles. The accepted explanation for the origin of this smooth zone is diminished resolution and anomaly interference due to slow spreading rates, which narrows the widths of polarity reversals in the crust and causes interference among sea-surface anomalies. Magnetic modeling of these anomalies indicates that neither slow spreading rates alone nor slow spreading rates in combination with a decrease in geomagnetic field intensity can explain the basic character of the smooth zone. Combined with other geophysical evidence, our study suggests that one consequence of slow spreading rates that is responsible for the magnetic “smooth zone” is a thinned crustal basalt layer or a non-basaltic magnetic source layer resulting from low melt supply during a period of ultra-slow spreading.
A cyclo­octa­trienone complex of diiron hexa­carbon­yl

In the title compound, [μ-(2,6,7-η:3,4,5-η)-cycloocta-2,4,6-trienone]bis­(tri­carbonyl­iron)(Fe—Fe), [Fe2(C8H8O)(CO)6], the diiron hexa­carbonyl moiety has a sawhorse arrangement, with the OC—Fe—Fe—CO fragment forming the horizontal bar of the horse, and the other four carbonyl groups the legs. The Fe—Fe distance is 2.795 (2) A. Each Fe atom is also bonded to three C atoms of the cyclo­octa­trienone ring. One Fe atom forms a σ-bond with one ring C atom, with Fe—C = 2.109 (2) A, and also a metal–olefin π-bond with two C atoms on the other side of the ring, with Fe—C distances of 2.238 (2) and 2.236 (3) A. The second Fe atom forms a η3-allyl bond with three other ring atoms, with Fe—C bond lengths of 2.158 (2), 2.062 (2), and 2.123 (3) A. Counting the π- and π-allyl inter­actions as one bond, the coordinations of the Fe atoms can, respectively, be approximated as octa­hedral and trigonal bipyramidal.
Hózhó Nahasdlii: Finding Harmony in the Long Shadow of Colonialism. Two Perspectives on Teaching Anti-Racism at a Tribal College

Dine College was founded in 1968 to promote greater self-determination for the Navajo people and to maintain and preserve Dine culture, language, and philosophy. Hozho Nahasdlii describes the continual goal of the Dine people to live in harmony with the natural order of the universe, affirming the principles of Sa’ąh Naaghai Bik’eh Hozhoon which have served as the mission and guiding philosophy of the college. Despite the ubiquity of Navajo culture and the geographic isolation of a campus located deep in the heart of a reservation the size of West Virginia, students in the social sciences must confront the ugly reality of racism and colonialism that has plagued Native Americans since the initial European invasions. Teaching this reality to a people who continue to be so directly affected by these twin scourges presents a whole host of challenges and complexities for both Navajo and non-Navajo faculty.
Copper Specifically Regulates Intracellular Phosphorylation of the Wilson's Disease Protein, a Human Copper-transporting ATPase

Copper is a trace element essential for normal cell homeostasis. The major physiological role of copper is to serve as a cofactor to a number of key metabolic enzymes. In humans, genetic defects of copper distribution, such as Wilson's disease, lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegeneration, liver lesions, and behavior abnormalities. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to its role as a cofactor, copper can regulate important post-translational events such as protein phosphorylation. Specifically, in human cells copper modulates phosphorylation of a key copper transporter, the Wilson's disease protein (WNDP). Copper-induced phosphorylation of WNDP is rapid, specific, and reversible and correlates with the intracellular location of this copper transporter. WNDP is found to have at least two phosphorylation sites, a basal phosphorylation site and a site modified in response to increased copper concentration. Comparative analysis of WNDP, the WNDP pineal isoform, and WNDP C-terminal truncation mutants revealed that the basal phosphorylation site is located in the C-terminal Ser796–Tyr1384 region of WNDP. The copper-induced phosphorylation appears to require the presence of the functional N-terminal domain of this protein. The novel physiological role of copper as a modulator of protein phosphorylation could be central to understanding how copper transport is regulated in mammalian cells.
Relation between Secondary Emission and Work Function

WHEN the work function of a metal is varied by depositing on its surface various amounts of a foreign substance (up to a complete monatomic layer), the ratio of secondary emission to primary current is found to change in the same sense as the thermionic emission, but to a much less degree. This difference of behaviour is due to the fact that the secondaries are emitted with velocities much greater than those of the thermally emitted electrons.
An evidence base for patient-centered cancer care: a meta-analysis of studies of observed communication between cancer specialists and their patients.

Abstract Objective In the context of patients visiting cancer specialists, the objective is to test the association between both patient-centered communication (including Affective Behavior and Participation Behavior ) and Instrumental Behavior and patients' post-visit satisfaction with a variety of visit phenomena. Methods Meta-analysis of 25 articles representing 10 distinct data sets. Results Both patient-centered- and instrumental behavior are significantly, positively associated with satisfaction, with patient-centered communication having a relatively stronger association. Conclusion There is an evidence base for the efficacy of patient-centered care. Practice implications Cancer specialists need to train to improve their patient-centered communication.
PT-Symmetric Quantum Field Theories and the Langevin Equation

Many non-Hermitian but PT-symmetric theories are known to have a real, positive spectrum, and for quantum-mechanical versions of these theories, there exists a consistent probabilistic interpretation. Since the action is complex for these theories, Monte Carlo methods do not apply. In this paper a field-theoretic method for numerical simulations of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians is presented. The method is the complex Langevin equation, which has been used previously to study complex Hamiltonians in statistical physics and in Minkowski space. We compute the equal-time one-point and two-point Green's functions in zero and one dimension, where comparisons to known results can be made. The method should also be applicable in four-dimensional space-time. This approach may grant insight into the formulation of a probabilistic interpretation for path integrals in PT-symmetric quantum field theories.
Metabolic studies in Cushing's syndrome: Treatment with various androgens and a six-year follow-up

Abstract Clinical and metabolic observations are presented in a case of Cushing's syndrome studied continuously for 485 days and followed closely for five and one-half years. Treatment with testosterone propionate ∗ ∗The endocrine products used in these studies were furnished by Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., Summit, N. J. intramuscularly produced the following effects: 1.1. Retention of nitrogen. The maximum effect was achieved with 25 mg. daily. The data also suggest that a much smaller dose of androgen might suffice to hold in the body nitrogen which had previously been deposited at a high level of dosage. When added carbohydrate was given, its nitrogensparing effect was superimposed on the effect of the testosterone propionate. Seventy days after treatment had been discontinued over 40 per cent of the deposited nitrogen was still retained by the body. 2.2. Retention of phosphorus. 3.3. Diminished calcium loss from the body. 4.4. Retention of magnesium. 5.5. A rise of the basal metabolic rate toward but not to the normal level. 6.6. Possibly better absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract with resulting improved sugar tolerance. 7.7. Clinically, there was improvement of those symptoms associated with calcium loss from the skeleton and with protein depletion of tissues (osteoporosis, pain, strength, "well being"). Symptoms and signs relating to the vascular system were not improved but progressed while under treatment. The patient was able to oxidize considerable amounts of carbohydrate. The implications of this with regard to the theory that the "sugar hormones" oppose peripheral oxidation of carbohydrate is discussed. For a brief period she improved while on a low protein, low caloric, low salt diet. After several months this produced severe weakness.
Field Observations onHarmonia axyridisPallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Oregon

Abstract A lady beetle native to Asia,Harmonia axyridisPallas, is established in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Ten years occurred between the intentional release of beetles and the first observation of an individual on July 18, 1991, in Kings County, Washington. The beetle was extremely abundant in western Washington and Oregon throughout 1993–1994, where the species ranged from mideastern Washington, south to just north of the California/Oregon border, east to an elevation of 1371 m in the Cascade Mountains and west to the Pacific Coast. Field sampling confirmed the habits and habitats ofH. axyridisas a generalist, semiarboreal, aphidophagous predator. Our records associateH. axyridiswith 17 aphid prey species on 17 plant hosts. In western Oregon,H. axyridisco-occurs with 11 species of native and 2 species of exotic aphidophagous coccinellids on trees and shrubs. In arboreal habitats, 70% of individual lady beetles and 82% of live adult coccinellid mass were represented byH. axyridis,while constituting only 4% of the coccinellids in alfalfa, clover, and peppermint. AdultH. axyridisdispersed to feeding sites from overwintering aggregations, which formed the preceding October, during March. At least two generations, with a partial to complete third generation, occur per year. Parasitism of field-collected adult beetles byDinocampus coccinellae(Schrank) was less than 1%.
Characterization of NADE, NRIF and SC-1 gene expression during mouse neurogenesis

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. p75NTR signaling events have been implicated in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis depending on which effector molecules are associated with its intracellular domain after ligand binding. Two such effector proteins, p75NTR-associated cell death executor (NADE) and neurotrophin receptor interacting factor (NRIF) promote p75NTR-mediated apoptosis, whereas Schwann cell factor-1 (SC-1) mediates neurotrophin-dependent withdrawal from the cell cycle. An understanding of the expression profiles of these three interacting proteins and p75NTR during embryogenesis is critical for addressing whether these effector proteins might function outside of p75NTR-mediated signaling events. The distribution of NADE, NRIF and SC-1 mRNAs during murine development suggests that the action of these genes is in fact not limited to regions of p75NTR expression. Specifically, a detailed comparison of the spatial and temporal expression domains of NADE, NRIF and SC-1 during brain development revealed regions of co-expression with p75NTR but also illustrates a distinct and discordant spatial and temporal expression. These results yield novel insights into the unique developmental characteristics of the three p75NTR-interacting proteins, thus revealing their diverse signaling potential during embryonic development.
Control approach based on equivalent vehicle rotational inertia suitable for motor-dynamometer test bench emulation of electric vehicles

In this paper, a test bench setup consisting of a drive motor connected to a dynamometer is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink for the purpose of emulating an electric vehicle drive system. Two different approaches of electric vehicle emulation are discussed which are based on predefined drive cycle and unpredictable driving behavior. The effect of total vehicle inertia is considered for both scenarios and a control scheme is developed for each case based on equivalent vehicle rotational inertia. Simulations are carried out for each case. Experimental test bench results are used to validate the overall effectiveness of this method.
Flower and berry production by potatoes as influenced by two light intensities and two midwinter planting dates

With an eighteen-hour day, flower and berry production were improved in midwinter by increasing the intensity of the light. This was accomplished by either increasing the intensity of the supplemental light or by planting later so that the plants obtained the benefit of the brighter, longer days. An increase in the average daily radiation from 226 to 254 gm. cal. per sq. cm. seemed as effective in stimulating flowering and berry production with some varieties as increasing supplemental light from about 35 to about 115-foot candles. With some varieties increased daylight intensity was more beneficial than increasing the supplemental light. Nine varieties which bloomed in April, 1937, were not induced to bloom by any of the treatments used in this experiment.
Stabilization of poultry processing by-products and poultry carcasses through direct chemical acidification

Abstract Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of using chemical acidification for stabilizing poultry-processing offal and blood and poultry carcasses. Acidification of the ground poultry materials with 2% (w/w) of 90% formic acid was the most economical method for preventing putrefactive changes and did not adversely affect crude protein and fat content. The acid-preserved offal and carcasses were stable semi-liquid/solid products with pHs of 4.0–4.2. When stored for 28 days at 30°C, the acidified offal and carcass products had approximately 67 and 62% moisture, 12 and 14% protein, 17 and 15% fat, and 0.16 and 0.23% ammonia, respectively. Several problems were identified, however, when the acid-treated offal was heat-processed to produce a dry feed meal.