cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecdysial rhythms in megalopae and first instars of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister

Diel molting cycles of megalopae and first instar Dungeness crabs Cancer magister Dana captured in the Grays Harbor estuary (46° 55′N; 124° 05′ W) in May 1991 were studied under laboratory conditions. Sixtyone percent of the megalopae and 76% of the first instar crabs molted during periods of ambient darkness under a normal light — dark diel regime, and molting pattern was not affected by changes in the photoperiod (24 h daylight or 24 h darkness). Time until metamorphic molt increased as conspecific density increased. Habitat type (shell or mud) did not affect time until molt of megalopae and first instar crabs, nor did it affect daily molting rhythm of first instars. We hypothesize that nightly ecdysis of megalopae and first instar Dungeness crabs and density-dependent molting may be an adaptive response to predation and cannibalism among young-of-the-year.
Revisiting Latino Voting: Cross-Racial Mobilization in the 2012 Election

Traditional vote-choice models include variables such as party identification, assessments of the economy, as well as other demographic characteristics. We argue that variables that tap shared raci...
Observations of dental diseases among prehistoric populations of Hungary

The incidence of dental disease among people in developing countries today raises questions about the variation in the oral health of prehistoric populations. Considering these questions, we offer observations describing several types of dental disease which occurred among certain prehistoric populations of Hungary. The dental remains of 162 individuals recovered from seven sites of the Neolithic, Copper, and Bronze Age periods were examined for evidence of caries, hypoplasia, and periodontal disease. Appropriate methods were used to describe and record these dental lesions. The incidence of dental caries was low by comparison to other prehistoric agriculturists except for two forms of root caries: cervical and cemental. These types accounted for 68% of all the carious teeth recorded. Enamel hypoplasia was also lower than expected, occurring on only 4% of the total number of teeth. Periodontal abscesses were rare but other milder forms of periodontal lesions were frequent. Alveolar bone resorption occurred in varying degrees and followed the expected age distribution. The few exceptions were children or adolescents whose crania had other lesions suggesting a mineral metabolic disturbance. The lower incidence of enamel caries is likely due to high fluoride ingestion which also may have influenced the expression of enamel hypoplasia. No clear population trends were seen in dental disease incidence except for cemental caries which were found among Copper and Bronze Age remains.
Performance of replacement algorithms with different page sizes

Dynamic memory management is an important advance in memory allocation, especially in virtual memory systems. In this paper we consider the case of paged memory systems — i.e., systems whose physical and logical address space is partitioned into equal sized blocks of contiguous addresses. Paged memories have been used by many computer systems. However, the relationships among page fault frequency (the frequency of those instances at which an executing program requires a page of data or instructions not in main memory), efficiency, and space-time product with various replacement algorithms and page sizes are still not sufficiently understood and are of considerable interest.
Glutamate dehydrogenase of nuclear and extra-nuclear compartments of Chang's liver cells.

Glutamate dehydrogenase activity is present in both the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of Chang's liver cells. After solubilization, the two activities were shown to differ from each other in response to variation of pH, in the stimulating effect of anions, especially inorganic phosphate, in response to variation of the concentration of NAD+, and in the ratio of velocities obtained with saturating concentrations of NADH and NADPH. During the 4-day growth cycle of Chang's liver cells, glutamate dehydrogenase activity in nuclei attained a maximal activity of 4- to 7-fold the starting value, within 12–16 hours after incubation in fresh growth medium. Glutamate dehydrogenase in the extra-nuclear fraction required 24 hours to reach its maximal activity level of about 150% of the initial value. Incubation of cells in a medium lacking an essential amino acid resulted in a significant decrease of glutamate dehydrogenase activity of the extra-nuclear compartment, but no change in the nuclear activity. It is concluded that two glutamate dehydrogenases are present in Chang's liver cells and that they may have different functions.
Mechanistic pathways of the hydroxyl radical reactions of quinoline. 2. Computational analysis of hydroxyl radical attack at C atoms.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to compare the mechanism of the •OH attacks at all carbon atoms in quinoline. The computational analysis of the energy surface for the reaction of •OH with quinoline reveals that the formation of OH adducts proceeds through exothermic formation of π-complexes/H-bonded complexes. The gas-phase reactions have activation energies ranging from <1.3 kcal/mol for the attack at positions C3 through C8 to 8.6 kcal/mol for the attack at the C2 position. Solvation, as described by the CPCM cavity model, lowers these activation barriers so that the attack at all carbon atoms except C2 is effectively barrierless. The •OH attack at C2 in solution is significantly different than at all other quinoline positions because it involves the only transition structure with energy higher than that of the starting materials and with an energetic barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol. The specific solvation approach also corroborates this finding because the attack at C2 was shown to ha...
Using runtime information for adapting Enterprise Java Beans application servers

Modern component-based technologies, such as Enterprise Java Beans (EJB), simplify system development by allowing developers focus on business logic, while system services are provided by an underlying application server. A class of system services, such as transactions or security, control the context in which components run. The provisioning of such services can introduce performance overhead, as some system services might be executed redundantly. As EJB components bind dynamically, the determination that such an execution is redundant can be made only at runtime. We present a runtime mechanism for identifying and removing such redundant executions.
Fast acquisition and reconstruction in imaging enabled by sampling theory

We survey applications of classical and of time-sequential sampling theory and some of its recent extensions, respectively, in two complementary areas. First to reduce acquisition requirements for dynamic imaging below those predicted by classical theory, and second, to reduce the computation for tomographic reconstruction from O(N3) to O(N2 log N) for an N × N image, with similar acceleration for 3D images. In both areas, the savings demonstrated in practical examples exceed an order-of-magnitude.
The dissociation constants of methyl alkyl ketone cyanohydrins

The dissociation constants of a series of methyl alkyl ketone cyanohydrins have been measured by NMR spectroscopy. The heats of solutions of the ketones and the cyanohydrins have been determined. The effect of alkyl groups on the heats of solution have been shown to be unimportant in determining the observed dissociation constants of the cyanohydrins of these ketones.
Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism

I argue that the dominant paradigms in IR fail to explain adequately two of the central issues in the international system: the origins of the majority of conflicts and the behavior of the majority of states. These paradigms fail because they formulate generalizations from data drawn from a restricted universe and because they lack historical depth. Both these flaws are related to inequality in the arena of the production of knowledge in IR, which in turn is a function of the inequality in material capabilities in the international system. A supplementary, if not alternative, perspective is needed to correct this situation and fill this gap. We can fashion such a perspective by drawing upon classical realist thought, the historical sociology of state formation, and the normative perspicacity of the English School. Combining their insights and applying them to the analysis of Third World conflict patterns and the external and domestic behavior of Third World states is likely to provide more satisfactory explanations for the origins of the majority of contemporary conflicts. Such an exercise will also shed light on the crucial variables that determine the behavior of the majority of states in the Third World. Moving postcolonial states into the mainstream of theorizing in IR will also help reduce the impact of inequality on the field and open new vistas for theoretically informed scholarly research. I also call for pluralism in international relations theorizing rather than a search for universally applicable law–like generalizations divorced from historical and social contexts.
What a pain

MN is a 40-year-old woman, 5=8 , 166 pounds, with a past medical history (PMH) of hypothyroidism. She takes Synthroid daily. She has never before had surgery, but underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure that lasted 135 minutes because her gallbladder was partially gangrenous and significantly adherent to the surrounding tissue. MN had general anesthesia consisting of 3 mg of midazolam, 2 mL of fentanyl, and 100 mg propofol for induction, as well as oxygen, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and atracurium that was reversed with neostigmine and atropine completely at the end of the case. MN received 10 mg of morphine titrated over the final hour of the procedure. She was intubated and extubated without incident and arrives in the PACU very restless and complaining of severe abdominal pain.
THE EFFECTS OF SEVERAL THYROXINE ANALOGUES UPON THE THYROIDAL I131 UPTAKE IN MAN

ABSTRACT The 24-hour thyroidal radioiodine uptake was determined in a group of euthyroid and hyperthyroid human subjects before and after the administration of one of several analogues of thyroxine. The analogues used were 3,5,3′-l-triiodothyronine (3′-T3); 3,3′,5′-dl-triiodothyronine (5′-T3); 3,5,3′-triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac); 3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac), and 3,5,3′-triiodothyropropionic acid (Trip). The minimal dose of each analogue which was effective in inhibiting thyroidal I131 uptake in the euthyroid subjects was ascertained. If 3′-T3 is assigned a potency of 100, the potencies of the other analogues as determined in this manner were: 5′-T3, <1; Triac, 2.5; Tetrac, 5; and Trip, 2.5. These projected potencies were compared with those derived by other investigators using different techniques in several species of animals in addition to man. In the present series, with the dosages used, these analogues had no effect upon thyroidal I131 uptake in any of the hyperthyroid subjects te...
Feeding preference of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea) for a dominant native ascidian, Aplidium glabrum, relative to the invasive ascidian Botrylloides violaceus

Subtidal benthic communities show distinct patterns of community structure related to substrate angle. Suspension-feeding invertebrate communities often dominate vertical and undercut rock surfaces, while macroalgae dominate horizontal surfaces. One factor that may shape this pattern is sea urchin grazing, which is often more intense on horizontal surfaces. The native Gulf of Maine ascidian Aplidium glabrum, like other native ascidians, is generally restricted to vertical and undercut rock walls, whereas the introduced ascidian Botrylloides violaceous is often abundant on horizontal surfaces. We tested the hypothesis that this pattern could be due to differing predation intensity on these two ascidians by Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, a dominant omnivore in the Gulf of Maine. Feeding preference of S. droebachiensis on the native A. glabrum vs. B. violaceous was estimated in the laboratory and in field experiments. Laboratory results show that S. droebachiensis prefers to feed on the native ascidian A. glabrum over B. violaceous. In the field, potential differences in the impact of S. droebachiensis on the two species were masked by the much greater growth rate of B. violaceus compared to A. glabrum. These results may help explain observed patterns in ascidian distribution in the Gulf of Maine, and ultimately the overall success of B. violaceus as a major invader throughout New England.
Neutrophil and Lymphocyte Response to Supplementation with Vitamins C and E in Young Calves

Calves, beginning at 3 d of age, were bottle-fed milk replacer unsupplemented, or supplemented with 10 g of vitamin C, or supplemented with 10 g of vitamin C plus 57 IU of vitamin E/kg of dry milk replacer (10 calves per treatment). Neutrophils from wk 2 and 4 blood samples were assayed for Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis and neutrophil-mediated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and lymphocytes from those samples were assayed for concanavalin A-induced, phytohemagglutinin-induced, or pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferation. Ocular and nasal discharges of calves supplemented with vitamins C or C and E were less than those of controls for wk 1 to 8. Calves receiving supplementation with vitamin C and E tended to have higher mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses at wk 2. Neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were lower at wk 2 and 4 for calves supplemented with vitamin C than for controls. Neutrophil function of calves supplemented with vitamins C and E together was near, or slightly higher than, that of unsupplemented calves for wk 2 and 4, suggesting that the addition of vitamin E negated the adverse effects that vitamin C alone had on neutrophil functions.
SU-D-213AB-02: Optimal Design of Multichannel Vaginal Cylinder Applicators for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy.

Purpose: To determine the optimal location of catheters in multichannel vaginal applicators to appropriately cover the vaginal cuff target and minimize dose to the organs at risk (OARs) and hot spots in the target. Methods: A new multichannel vaginal applicator with a diameter of 30 mmconsists of a single central catheter and an outer array of eight catheters. A total of 20 plans were generated from 5 patients by using different outer catheter locations at r = 4, 8, and 12 mm. The target was defined as a 5 mmcircumferential shell extending 4 cm in length around the applicator, excluding the bladder, rectum, and bowel. An inverse planning simulated annealing algorithm and graphical optimization was applied to ensure the prescription dose (7.0 Gy per fraction) covered >97% of the target and minimized dose to the OARs. Target coverage (D90 and V100), hot spots (V150 and V200), and OAR doses (D0.1cc, D1cc, and D2cc) from the various catheter placements were compared to single catheter plans. Results: By study design all plans had the same target coverage D90 (105.0– 108.3%) and V100 (97.1–97.2%). The V150 and V200 were 16.1% and 3.4% (r=0mm), 17.3% and 4.2% (r=4mm), 20.1% and 2.2% (r=8mm), and 30.1% and 6.0% (r=12mm). The DO.1cc to the OARs from the various catheter placements at r = 4, 8, and 12 mm was reduced by 4.0%, 8.6%, 11.9% (bladder), 7.4%, 13.2%, and 17.4% (rectum), when compared to the central catheter plans. Conclusions: Multichannel vaginal applicators provide better dosimetry than single channel applicator. The catheter array located closest to the applicator surface most significantly reduces dose tothe OARs at the expense of larger hot spots in the target. The array in the middle of the applicator radius provides significantly decreased dose to the OARs and gave relatively smaller hot spots.
Postcranial osteology of the most primitive artiodactyl Diacodexis pakistanensis (Dichobunidae).

Summary Diacodexis pakistanensis is the smallest and most primitive artiodactyl. It is Known from the ealry Eocene of the Indo-pakistani subcontinet. It retains a clavicle, has five complete digits in the manus and four in the pes and is digitigrade. The elongated limbs, reduced ability to pronate and supinate, double pulleyed astragalus and reduced lateral digits indicate that D.Pakistanensis is coursorial. However, the shape of the spinous Processes of the sacrum, the size of the deltoid tubercle of the humerus, the shape of the proximal femur. the narrow distal trochlea of the astragalus and proportions of the long bones indicate that it is less cursorial than any other dichobunid artiodactyl.
Advances in NASA's Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Technology project

The status of the Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) project for space exploration and the future plans for NTP technology are discussed. Current activities in the framework of the NTP project deal with nonnuclear material tests; instrumentation, controls, and health management; turbopumps; nozzles and nozzle extension; and an exhaust plume.
Is there a “sound window” for primate communication?

It has long been asserted that habitat acoustics can determine the frequency band bestadapted for long-range communication, but the generality and validity of measurements claiming to demonstrate a “window” of best frequencies have recently been questioned. We report the discovery of a prominent sound window in Kenyan rain forest in a study that is free of methodological difficulties. Our results allow us to calculate the range advantage attained by an animal vocalizing within the sound window, and show that sound windows can be a potent factor for the evolution of primate communication.
Optimal Deployment of Hybrid Alternative Power System at Signalized Intersections

Traffic signal power failures can degrade efficiency and safety at intersections that warrant traffic signal control. Alternative power sources (APSs) are typically used to supply traffic signals in power outages. Agencies that operate signals need a decision-making framework to identify locations and deployment schedules for APS installation. This paper presents a methodology for optimal deployment of APSs at signalized intersections. This methodology can also be used to investigate the economic viability of using wind and solar energy as APSs for signalized intersections. Benefit-cost analysis is used as an economic tool. The primary benefit of an APS is improving traffic operation efficiency and safety. The renewable energy sources, if harnessed, would add energy production and environmental benefits. The methodology this research presents can be adapted to site-specific conditions by appropriately choosing the model inputs. A case study is provided to demonstrate the step-by-step implementation of the...
An Anatomic Study of the Stabilizing Ligaments of the Trapezium and Trapeziometacarpal Joint

We provide a detailed and comprehensive anatomic description of the ligaments stabilizing the trapezium and trapeziometacarpal joint. Sixteen ligaments were identified. Fourteen ligaments inserted onto the trapezium and 2 others attached independently to the thumb metacarpal. The ligaments inserting onto the trapezium were the superficial anterior oblique, deep anterior oblique (beak ligament), dorsoradial, posterior oblique, ulnar collateral, dorsal trapezio-trapezoid, volar trapezio-trapezoid, dorsal trapezio-second metacarpal, volar trapezio-second metacarpal, trapezio-third metacarpal, volar scaphotrapezial, radial scaphotrapezial, transverse carpal, and trapezio-capitate ligaments. The remaining 2 ligaments attach onto the thumb metacarpal and are the proper intermetacarpal and the dorsal intermetacarpal. The dorsoradial and deep anterior oblique ligaments play a substantial role in stabilizing the trapeziometacarpal joint, and the deep anterior oblique ligament may function as a pivot for the first metacarpal during palmar abduction to allow rotation (pronation). The dorsal trapezio-second metacarpal, volar trapezio-second metacarpal, and trapezio-third metacarpal ligaments function as tension bands and are required to prevent instability from cantilever bending forces on the trapezium.
Enhancement of the thermoelectric properties in nanoscale and nanostructured materials

Thermoelectric materials can be used for solid state power generation and heating/cooling applications. The figure of merit of thermoelectric materials, ZT, which determines their efficiency in a thermoelectric device, remains low for most conventional bulk materials. Nanoscale and nanostructured thermoelectric materials are promising for increasing ZT relative to the bulk. This review introduces the theory behind thermoelectric materials and details the predicted and demonstrated enhancements of ZT in nanoscale and nanostructured thermoelectric materials. We discuss thin films and superlattices, nanowires and nanotubes, and nanocomposites, providing a ZT comparison among various families of nanocomposite materials. We provide some perspectives regarding the origin of enhanced ZT in nanoscale and nanostructured materials and suggest some promising and fruitful research directions for achieving high ZT materials for practical applications.
Optimization model for web based multimodal interactive simulations

We proposed a optimization model for web based interactive simulations.Proposed method includes identification, optimization and update phases.Nonlinear model can be converted to linear optimization model.Optimization model handles the infeasible solutions.Final model effectively modifies simulation based on device specification. This paper presents a technique for optimizing the performance of web based multimodal interactive simulations. For such applications where visual quality and the performance of simulations directly influence user experience, overloading of hardware resources may result in unsatisfactory reduction in the quality of the simulation and user satisfaction. However, optimization of simulation performance on individual hardware platforms is not practical. Hence, we present a mixed integer programming model to optimize the performance of graphical rendering and simulation performance while satisfying application specific constraints. Our approach includes three distinct phases: identification, optimization and update. In the identification phase, the computing and rendering capabilities of the client device are evaluated using an exploratory proxy code. This data is utilized in conjunction with user specified design requirements in the optimization phase to ensure best possible computational resource allocation. The optimum solution is used for rendering (e.g. texture size, canvas resolution) and simulation parameters (e.g. simulation domain) in the update phase. Test results are presented on multiple hardware platforms with diverse computing and graphics capabilities to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
New Zealand hospice nurses' self-rated comfort in conducting spiritual assessment.

Aim To measure how comfortable hospice nurses in New Zealand are in conducting spiritual assessment and explore potentially associated factors. Design Cross-sectional, mixed-methods, descriptive study. Sample and setting Sixty hospice nurses from three New Zealand hospices. Methods An investigator-designed questionnaire measured respondents' comfort with asking patients spiritual assessment questions proposed for use in the health-care literature. Other items assessed personal and work-related factors. Open questions generated data about how these nurses assess spirituality. The data was analysed using measures of central tendency, binomial non-parametric tests, and content analysis. Findings These nurses were generally comfortable with proposed spiritual assessment questions and perceived spiritual assessment to be important. Personal factors including age, years in nursing, religiosity, and spirituality were not related to this comfort; however, training was associated with comfort. Conclusion These fin...
Emergency department operational changes in response to pay-for-performance and antibiotic timing in pneumonia.

Background: The percentage of adult patients admitted with pneumonia who receive antibiotics within four hours of hospital arrival is publicly reported as a quality and pay-for-performance measure by the Department of Health and Human Services and is called PN-5b. Objectives: To determine attitudes among physician leaders at emergency medicine training programs toward using PN-5b as a quality measure for pay for performance, and to determine what operational changes academic emergency departments (EDs) have made to ensure early antibiotic administration for patients with pneumonia. Methods: The authors administered an online questionnaire to 129 chairpersons and medical directors of 135 academic ED training programs in the United States on attitudes toward performance measurement in pneumonia and changes that academic EDs have made in response to PN-5b; one response was sought from each institution. Respondents were identified through the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Web site and e-mailed five times to maximize survey participation. Results: Ninety chairpersons and medical directors (70%) completed the survey; 47% were medical directors, 51% were chairpersons, and 2% were medical directors and chairpersons. Forty-five (50%) did not agree that PN-5b was an accurate quality measure, and 61 (69%) did not agree that pay for performance targeting this measure would lead to improved pneumonia care. The most common strategy to address PN-5b was to provide information to providers on the importance of early treatment with antibiotics (n = 63; 70%). For patients with suspected pneumonia, 46 (51%) automate chest radiograph (CXR) ordering at triage, 37 (41%) prioritize patients with suspected pneumonia, and 33 (37%) administer antibiotics before obtaining CXR results. Overall ED changes include improved turnaround time for CXR (n = 33; 37%), prioritized CXRs over other radiographs (n = 13; 14%), and improved inpatient bed availability (n = 12; 13%). Of 13 strategies identified to improve PN-5b, the median number that programs have implemented is five (interquartile range, 5‐7). All sites reported engaging in at least three operational changes to address PN-5b. Conclusions: All EDs in this study have addressed early antibiotic administration with multiple operational changes despite mixed sentiment that these changes will improve care. Future research is needed to measure the impact of pay-for-performance initiatives. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007; 14:545‐548 a 2007 by the Society for Academic Emergency
Volatility changes in European currency exchange rates due to EMS announcements

Abstract This study examines the effects of announcements concerning European Monetary Union on the exchange rate volatilities of several European currencies. It is expected that when good news is portrayed in regard to a single currency this will be considered bad news, thus eliciting a negative reaction, for the German mark. Conversely, good news for a single currency should also be good news for weaker currencies, such as the Portuguese escudo, the Italian lira, the Greek drachma, and the Spanish peseta. In terms of volatility, a reaction to good news should be a reduction in volatility, as bad news should cause an increase in volatility. In total there are 22 announcements examined from January 1986 through September 1997. The German mark is observed to experience greater increases in volatility than decreases, as does the Italian lira. Portugal and Greece appear to react more strongly to positive news in that the decreases in volatility are on average greater than the increases.
Autonomous Lighting Audits: Part 1 — Building Navigation and Mapping

Buildings represent a large portion, approximately 40%, of all US energy use and carbon emissions. Significant savings can be found by conducting energy audits of the buildings, but the extensive training and cost of the audits prevent more widespread use. Automating the audit process with robots can greatly reduce the cost and provide more information to give better recommendations. This paper is the first in a series that proposes a system of autonomous robots that can conduct energy audits.Specifically, this paper presents an overview of the autonomous system and details an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform which is used to perform automated lighting audits. Also, modifications to an existing exploration algorithm are proposed that will allow autonomous exploration of an unknown, GPS-denied environment while identifying and navigating to targets in real-time. This new algorithm is called SRT-Target. The UAV navigates to the lights, the target objects, in order to take additional measurements so that the light type can be determined. Movement of the UAV can be limited by a calibration factor β to account for sensor capabilities of the target sensor. Simulations of the algorithm show the exploration of the unknown area and the UAV moving to targets as they are identified.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of O3 with a Series of Methyl-Substituted Ethenes

Alkenes are important constituents of ambient air in polluted urban areas and are highly reactive in the atmosphere, reacting with OH radicals, NO3 radicals, and O3. The products of the gas-phase reactions of O3 with propene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 2-methylpropene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene were investigated, using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and in situ Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, in the presence of sufficient cyclohexane to scavenge >90% (and generally >95%) of the OH radicals formed in these reac tions. The “primary” carbonyl products identified and quantified from these O3 reactions were HCHO and CH3CHO from propene; HCHO and CH3C(O)CH3 from 2-methylpropene; CH3CHO from cis- and trans-2-butene; CH3CHO and CH3C(O)CH3 from 2-methyl-2-butene; and CH3C(O)CH3 from 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. The formation yields of these primary carbonyls were in the range 0.98−1.19 apart from the 2-methylpropene reaction where the decomposition of the [(C...
Prolonged anticholinergic delirium following antihistamine overdose.

Objective: A case of anticholinergic delirium in a female adolescent is described, exploring the pharmacokinetic reasons for the prolonged time course and reviewing the management provided.Conclusion: A 14 year old female hospitalised for depression ingested large quantities of promethazine and cyproheptadine. A severe anticholinergic delirium ensued which resolved after six days, much longer than the expected duration. The likely cause of the prolonged delirium was the interaction of promethazine and fluvoxamine through the inhibition of the CYP2D6 enzyme. The patient's young age, the severity of the poisoning and the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties to manage the delirium may also have contributed. The delirium may have been reversed had a cholinesterase inhibitor been provided soon after the overdose.
Minimization of plasma ashing damage to OSG low-k dielectrics

This paper investigated the plasma ashing damage to patterned porous low k structures with the objective to minimize the plasma damage by optimizing the low-k structural geometry and plasma chemistry. We first extended the plasma altered layer model to formulate the transport kinetics of the plasma process in patterned low-k structures. This enabled us to analyze the effects of the hardmask thickness, trench width and trench length on the plasma interaction with the trench sidewall. Then CO/O 2 and CO 2 /N 2 plasmas were used to replace O 2 plasma for ashing process to examine their potential for reducing plasma ashing damage to porous low k patterned structures. With increasing CO in CO/O 2 plasma, the extent of plasma induced damages was found to decrease. Similarly, with increasing N 2 in CO 2 /N 2 plasma, the plasma induced damages were also found to decrease. On the basis of the Knudsen diffusivity difference among C, N, and O, the reduction of plasma induced damage was ascribed to the formation of C- and N- rich passivation layer on the sidewall and pore surface of the patterned low-k structure.
Mastery Beliefs and Intraindividual Variability of Anxiety

Individual differences in perceived ability to exercise control have long been considered to be an important predictor of who develops mental illness, particularly anxiety disorders. Although numerous studies have demonstrated a link between mastery and anxiety, few studies have used longitudinal methods that allow for more sophisticated analyses and stronger conclusions. The present study examines how mastery beliefs determine vulnerability to anxiety by examining the longitudinal course of anxiety within a 13-day ecological momentary assessment period and a 14 weeks biweekly assessment period. Results demonstrated that mastery beliefs predict both lower levels of mean levels of anxiety across time and less intraindividual variability in anxiety within days. These results suggest that mastery beliefs may provide a protective buffer against the experience of anxiety.
Confinement and exotic meson spectroscopy at 12GeV JLab

Phenomenology of gluonic excitations and possibilities for searches of exotic mesons at JLab are discussed.
Information Processing Streams in Rodent Barrel Cortex: The Differential Functions of Barrel and Septal Circuits

Rodent somatosensory cortex contains an isomorphic map of the mystacial whiskers in which each whisker is represented by neuronal populations, or barrels, that are separated from each other by intervening septa. Separate afferent pathways convey somatosensory information to the barrels and septa that represent the input stages for 2 partially segregated circuits that extend throughout the other layers of barrel cortex. Whereas the barrel-related circuits process spatiotemporal information generated by whisker contact with external objects, the septa-related circuits encode the frequency and other kinetic features of active whisker movements. The projection patterns from barrel cortex indicate that information processed by the septa-related circuits is used both separately and in combination with information from the barrel-related circuits to mediate specific functions. According to this theory, outputs from the septal processing stream modulate the brain regions that regulate whisking behavior, whereas both processing streams cooperate with each other to identify external stimuli encountered by passive or active whisker movements. This theoretical view prompts several testable hypotheses about the coordination of neuronal activity during whisking behavior. Foremost among these, motor brain regions that control whisker movements are more strongly coordinated with the septa-related circuits than with the barrel-related circuits.
Water and energy footprints of bioenergy crop production on marginal lands

Water and energy demands associated with bioenergy crop production on marginal lands are inextricably linked with land quality and land use history. To illustrate the effect of land marginality on bioenergy crop yield and associated water and energy footprints, we analyzed seven large-scale sites (9–21 ha) converted from either Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) or conventional agricultural land use to no-till soybean for biofuel production. Unmanaged CRP grassland at the same location was used as a reference site. Sites were rated using a land marginality index (LMI) based on land capability classes, slope, soil erodibility, soil hydraulic conductivity, and soil tolerance factors extracted from a soil survey (SSURGO) database. Principal components analysis was used to develop a soil quality index (SQI) for the study sites based on 12 soil physical and chemical properties. The water and energy footprints on these sites were estimated using eddy-covariance flux techniques. Aboveground net primary productivity was inversely related to LMI and positively related to SQI. Water and energy footprints increased with LMI and decreased with SQI. The water footprints for grain, biomass and energy production were higher on lands converted from agricultural land use compared with those converted from the CRP land. The sites which were previously in the CRP had higher SQI than those under agricultural land use, showing that land management affects water footprints through soil quality effects. The analysis of biophysical characteristics of the sites in relation to water and energy use suggests that crops and management systems similar to CRP grasslands may provide a potential strategy to grow biofuels that would minimize environmental degradation while improving the productivity of marginal lands.
Adventures in Cardiovascular Research

This article, derived from an invited Distinguished Scientist lecture presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in 2007, reviews 4 themes (adventures) in clinical cardiovascular research carried out over a period of 58 years. It begins with the author's introduction to cardiovascular hemodynamics during a medical school elective in 1951. The 4 adventures include valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, heart failure (HF), and myocardial ischemia. In each of these adventures, the author describes briefly what was known when he entered each field, followed by the author's contribution to the field (the adventure), and ends with comments about the current status of the field. Of particular interest are the changes in the technologies used in clinical cardiovascular research over the past half century, commencing with pressure tracings in left heart chambers with the use of needle puncture in the operating room to genetic technologies designed to understand differences between drugs that inhibit platelet activation. The article ends with some general comments on conducting research and the rewards that can come with this activity.
Defect–Defect Interaction in Carbon Nanotubes under Mechanical Loading

Topological defects are formed in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during processing or subsequent deformation. The presence of defects is found to reduce the Young moduli of CNTs. When the number of defects is more than one, they may be either of the interacting or noninteracting type and this depends on whether the defects are within a specific interacting distance or not. A model for the reduction in Young's modulus for noninteracting defects has been proposed and validated. However, nonlinear effects dominate for interacting defects. Deviation from linearity can be explained in terms of a transition region followed by a steady-state region governed by interacting distance and the size of the defect. The interaction phenomenon is explained by invoking the concepts of local stresses and strain measures rather than the conventional energy quantities.
The magnetospheric contribution to the quiet-time low energy nucleon spectrum in the vicinity of Earth

Proton intensity observations obtained by Explorer 47 during March 9-12, 1973 are analyzed. Results show that the magnetosphere is the primary contributor to the quiet time interplanetary proton population in the range 0.29 less than or equal to Ep less than or equal to 0.5 MeV, and indicate that it may be an important contributor up to about 1.5 MeV. Maximum intensity is coming from the direction of the bow shock. The H/He ratio at less than 2 MeV/nucleon is about 10, and the He/Z greater than or equal to 3 ratio at about 1 MeV/nucleon is approximately 8. It is suggested that the low energy (less than 20 MeV) upturn observed in the quiet time interplanetary proton spectrum may be related to particle emissions from planetary magnetospheres.
Recognition of Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens on Cultured Human Biliary Epithelial Cells by Alloreactive Lymphocytes

We have developed an in vitro system to study the interactions between biliary epithelium and lymphocytes using cultured human biliary epithelial cells. No class II antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase staining of the normal biliary epithelial cells, but alloactivated lymphocyte culture supernatants were able to induce class II expression. The activity of the supernatants was blocked with an anti-gamma-interferon monoclonal antibody. In addition, recombinant human gamma-interferon alone induced the expression of class II antigens and increased the intensity of class I staining of cultured biliary epithelial cells. Biliary epithelial cell-induced proliferation of alloreactive T lymphocytes demonstrated that the major histocompatibility complex molecules carry functional lymphocyte-activating determinants. The recognition of major histocompatibility complex determinants was confirmed by monoclonal antibody-blocking studies and by stimulation of an alloreactive T-cell clone. However, the biliary epithelial cells were much less potent stimulators than arterial endothelial cells tested in the same assay system.
New Species of Raillietnema (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) and Other Helminths in Rana vibicaria (Ranidae) from Costa Rica

Abstract Raillietnema lynchi n. sp. from the large intestine of a Rancho Redondo frog, Rana vibicaria, from Costa Rica is described and illustrated. Raillietnema lynchi n. sp. represents the twenty-third species assigned to Raillietnema and is distinguished from the 6 other Neotropical species by length of spicules (110–146 μm) and pattern of caudal papillae (4 pairs precloacal, 5 pairs postcloacal). Rana vibicaria also was found to harbor 1 species of Trematoda, Gorgoderina megacetabularis; 1 species of Cestoda, Ophiotaenia sp.; 4 species of Nematoda, Aplectana itzocanensis, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Falcaustra costaricae, and Rhabdias savagei; and 1 species of Acanthocephala represented by unidentified cystacanths.
A strategy for modeling of variations due to grain size in polycrystalline thin-film transistors

A strategy is presented for modeling of performance variation in polycrystalline thin-film transistors (TFT's) due to grain size variation. A Poisson area scatter is used to model the number of grains in a TFT, which is converted to grain size and substituted into physically based models for threshold and mobility. An increase in device variation is predicted as the device and grain sizes converge through scaling or process changes. Comparison of the model with measurements of NMOS TFT's results in reasonable agreement.
Interdisciplinary, multi-instructor graduate education in electronics packaging

The University of Arkansas established the interdisciplinary High Density Electronics Center (HiDEC) in 1991 to conduct research in advanced electronic packaging materials and technologies, with the primary focus being on thin film multichip module (MCM-D) packaging. To support this effort from an educational perspective, the offering of senior elective and graduate level courses in electronic packaging became necessary. Since an acceptable textbook was not available, ten faculty members from the University of Arkansas agreed to prepare discipline-specific material for the courses and to teach the portions of the courses for which they had prepared material. Using this approach, two senior/graduate courses were developed and taught by the ten faculty members during the 1994-95 academic year, and each academic year since then. Consequently, in these two courses, students from several engineering and basic science departments were subjected to technical subjects from a number of disciplines, each taught by a different instructor. Subsequent to the initial offering of the two courses, a decision was made to use the material which had been prepared for the two courses as the basis for a textbook on electronic packaging with emphasis on multichip modules. This paper discusses the organization of the two courses, the performance and comments of students who have completed the courses, the level of success of the courses as perceived by both the students and the instructors, and the contents and organizational philosophy of a textbook which resulted from the development of the two courses.
A 58dB SNR 6/sup th/ order broadband 10.7 MHz SC ladder filter

A 6/sup th/ order 10.7 MHz bandpass switched-capacitor ladder filter achieving 58 dB signal to noise ratio is presented. The filter is based on an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) that presents both good accuracy and high slew-rate. The use of several techniques minimizes the capacitance spread. The passband ripple is less than 1 dB. The IM3 is -40 dB for a two tone input signal with a power of +3 dBm power level each. The chip was fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process.
YME1L degradation reduces mitochondrial proteolytic capacity during oxidative stress

Mitochondrial proteostasis is maintained by a network of ATP-dependent quality control proteases including the inner membrane protease YME1L. Here, we show that YME1L is a stress-sensitive mitochondrial protease that is rapidly degraded in response to acute oxidative stress. This degradation requires reductions in cellular ATP and involves the activity of the ATP-independent protease OMA1. Oxidative stress-dependent reductions in YME1L inhibit protective YME1L-dependent functions and increase cellular sensitivity to oxidative insult. Collectively, our results identify stress-induced YME1L degradation as a biologic process that attenuates protective regulation of mitochondrial proteostasis and promotes cellular death in response to oxidative stress.
Elk and Mule Deer Diets in North-Central New Mexico

Botanical composition of mule deer and elk diets in winter, spring, summer, and autumn was studied during 1998 and 1999 on woodland rangeland in north-central New Mexico using microhistological analysis of fecal samples. Our study area had no livestock grazing for 60 years but was moderately grazed by mule deer and elk. Elk and mule deer shared 3 of the top 5 key forage species when diets were pooled across seasons and years. These 3 species were oak (Quercus sp.), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.). When data were pooled across seasons and years, overall dietary overlap between mule deer and elk was 64%. Diet overlaps of 50% or more occurred between mule deer and elk in all 4 seasons in both years of study. Throughout both years, mule deer and elk diets were dominated by browse. Mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus Raf.) was the most abundant browse plant in mule deer diets; ponderosa pine was most abundant in elk diets. Both animals selected forbs, which were in low supply during the study. Scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea Pursh), a nutritious forb, was common in both mule deer and elk diets. Our study and others from woodland rangelands in New Mexico show high potential for forage competition between mule deer and elk. Elk are more dietarily adaptable to changing forage availability than are mule deer. Our study indicates that diets of mule deer and elk are not complementary on woodland rangelands in New Mexico. Therefore, grazing capacity is not increased by common-use grazing of the 2 animals. Both mule deer and elk herds have been increasing on our study area. Therefore, if use of common forage species is kept at moderate levels on southwestern woodland rangelands, mule deer herds can be maintained or increased when elk are present.
Genome Sequence of Salmonella Phage χ

ABSTRACT Salmonella bacteriophage χ is a member of the Siphoviridae family that gains entry into its host cells by adsorbing to their flagella. We report the complete 59,578-bp sequence of the genome of phage χ, which together with its relatives, exemplifies a largely unexplored type of tailed bacteriophage.