cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Durable Matters? An Alternative Measure of Consumption Risk

Empirical proxies for permanent shocks to durables consumption growth are shown to generate strong pricing implications for both one-period and long-run risk return tradeoff in a cross-section of test assets. This factor is identified as an additional source of consumption risk in a structural model where investors are endowed with recursive preferences over consumption of both durable and nondurable goods whose growth rates are predictable. In the data, small stocks, value stocks and treasury bonds with longer maturities covary more strongly with this factor than big stocks, growth stocks and treasury bonds with shorter maturities, thus generating higher expected return. My estimation implies reasonable magnitude of risk aversion. Next, I apply dynamic value decomposition method in conjunction with my economic model to analyze cash flows from value and growth portfolios. Incorporating durable consumption identifies significant heterogeneity in the stationary component of these cash flows, but only negligible difference in their martingale component. This suggests higher risk premium associated with holding the near end, rather than far end, of cash flow components from value portfolio could be an important contributor to the well known value premium.
Quantum mechanics of the gravitational field

An approach to the quantum theory of gravitation is developed by analogy with the quantum mechanics of the simplest generally covariant system---the relativistic point particle. The central object in the formalism is the transition amplitude from one three-geometry to another which is given by a path integral. In that path integral one sums over all possible histories which connect two three-geometries separated by a given local proper time and then integrates over all possible proper-time separations. The choice of the range of integration for the proper time fixes the boundary conditions for the transition amplitude. If only positive proper times are allowed, the resulting amplitude is causal. A perturbation theory is developed in which the expansion parameter is the signature which takes the value minus one when the field histories (spacetimes) have hyperbolic signature and plus one for the Eclidean case. The "free" theory corresponds to zero signature and may be viewed as the result of replacing the Lorentz group as a symmetry group of the tangent spaces by one of its contractions, namely that one where the speed of light approaches zero. It is argued that besides the processes in which the universe starts or finishes at a singularity, there are also processes with a nonzero amplitude in which the universe starts and finishes in the same regular configuration without ever going through a singularity. These latter processes may be pictured as a loop in the configuration space of the gravitational field. The work remains formal throughout in that no definite meaning is given to the functional integrals considered.
Model Predictive Control via PV-Based VAR Scheme for Power Distribution Systems With Regular and Unexpected Abnormal Loads

This paper develops a model predictive controller (MPC) via photovoltaic (PV)-based volt-ampere reactive scheme to minimize the power loss and stabilize voltage fluctuation when PV cells are connected to the power distribution line. The nominal power load data from California independent system operator is used to simulate dynamics of the system with DistFlow equations. Since power consumptions in fact may deviate from nominal values, an estimator is further developed to reconstruct the state variables and power loads from measurements. The integration of the MPC and estimator forms a closed-loop control framework and enables the system to quickly recover from undesired disturbances by effectively changing the real and reactive powers provided by PV cells. We use a bidirectional, single branch distribution circuit to demonstrate the performance of proposed scheme. The results show that our MPC indeed reduces power loss and keeps the voltage within a desired bound. Additionally, the estimator successfully detects and correctly estimates the abnormal change of power consumption and directs the MPC to compensate such unexpected power loads promptly.
Safety of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with antiplatelet therapy: Lessons from more than 800 operations in a single tertiary referral institution.

INTRODUCTION The perioperative antiplatelet management of patients receiving antiplatelet therapy (APT) for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is still controversial. METHODS A total of 808 patients who underwent elective LC were reviewed. We classified patients in this cohort into three groups according to thromboembolic risks: patients with no thromboembolic risk (non-APT group, n = 653), patients with low thromboembolic risk (APT-LR group, n = 106), patients with high thromboembolic risk (APT-HR group, n = 49). Our perioperative management of patients with high thrombotic risks included preoperative continuation of single aspirin therapy and early postoperative reinstitution. We assessed intraoperative and postoperative bleeding/thrombotic events among three groups. Primary outcome measures were intraoperative bleeding complications (IBCs, blood loss 200 mL or more) and postoperative bleeding complications (PBCs), and the independent risk factors for increased IBC were determined by multivariate analysis. This study was approved by our institutional review board (#17011804). RESULTS In the current cohort, IBC occurred in 17 (2.1%) patients. Postoperatively, there were three PBCs (0.4%) and two thromboembolic complications (TCs, 0.2%), respectively. The occurrences of IBC and TC did not show any significant difference between the three groups, but PBC was more common in the APT-LR group (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis showed that only chronic cholecystitis was the independent risk factor for IBC (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 12.355), but preoperative continuation of APT or multiple APT use did not affect IBC. CONCLUSION We performed elective LC safely in patients receiving APT under rigorous perioperative management of APT. Continuation of aspirin monotherapy is considered in patients with APT during elective LC.
Analysis of Morbidity and Outcomes Associated With Use of Subdural Grids vs Stereoelectroencephalography in Patients With Intractable Epilepsy.

Importance A major change has occurred in the evaluation of epilepsy with the availability of robotic stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) for seizure localization. However, the comparative morbidity and outcomes of this minimally invasive procedure relative to traditional subdural electrode (SDE) implantation are unknown. Objective To perform a comparative analysis of the relative efficacy, procedural morbidity, and epilepsy outcomes consequent to SEEG and SDE in similar patient populations and performed by a single surgeon at 1 center. Design, Setting and Participants Overall, 239 patients with medically intractable epilepsy underwent 260 consecutive intracranial electroencephalographic procedures to localize their epilepsy. Procedures were performed from November 1, 2004, through June 30, 2017, and data were analyzed in June 2017 and August 2018. Interventions Implantation of SDE using standard techniques vs SEEG using a stereotactic robot, followed by resection or laser ablation of the seizure focus. Main Outcomes and Measures Length of surgical procedure, surgical complications, opiate use, and seizure outcomes using the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale. Results Of the 260 cases included in the study (54.6% female; mean [SD] age at evaluation, 30.3 [13.1] years), the SEEG (n = 121) and SDE (n = 139) groups were similar in age (mean [SD], 30.1 [12.2] vs 30.6 [13.8] years), sex (47.1% vs 43.9% male), numbers of failed anticonvulsants (mean [SD], 5.7 [2.5] vs 5.6 [2.5]), and duration of epilepsy (mean [SD], 16.4 [12.0] vs17.2 [12.1] years). A much greater proportion of SDE vs SEEG cases were lesional (99 [71.2%] vs 53 [43.8%];P Conclusions and Relevance This direct comparison of large matched cohorts undergoing SEEG and SDE implantation reveals distinctly better procedural morbidity favoring SEEG. These modalities intrinsically evaluate somewhat different populations, with SEEG being more versatile and applicable to a range of scenarios, including nonlesional and bilateral cases, than SDE. The significantly favorable adverse effect profile of SEEG should factor into decision making when patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy are considered for intracranial evaluations.
Stefan flow induced natural convection suppression on high-flux evaporators

Abstract High-flux evaporators are important for various fundamental research and industrial applications. Understanding the heat loss mechanisms, especially the contribution of natural convection during evaporation is thus a ubiquitous process to predict and optimize the performance of evaporators. However, a comprehensive analysis on natural convection heat transfer, where the vertical Stefan flow due to evaporation couples with buoyancy driven convective flow has not been carefully considered. In this work, we developed a theoretical framework to elucidate the effect of Stefan flow on natural convection during evaporation. This theory incorporates the vertical Stefan flow into the conventional boundary layer theory. We found that a significant suppression of natural convection can be induced by a weak Stefan flow owing to the increase of boundary layer thickness. To understand this phenomenon, we discuss the governing mechanisms at different Stefan flow regimes. We provide a theoretical correlation to the overall heat transfer which includes both effects of the Stefan flow velocity and the buoyancy force. We finally predict the effect of natural convection on an evaporator at different operating temperatures. The heat loss from natural convection no longer monotonically increases with the superheat temperature due to the effect of Stefan flow suppression. As a result, there is an approximately 40% overestimation of the natural convection contribution at saturation temperature using conventional theory. This work improves the fundamental understanding of the natural convection during evaporation and can help guide future high-performance evaporator designs.
Role of thermal ablation in the management of colorectal liver metastasis

With a recent randomized prospective trial revealing that thermal ablative therapy as local tumor control improved overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), thermal ablation continues to remain as an important treatment option in this patient population. Our aim of this article is to review the current role of the ablative therapy in the management of CRLM patients. Main indications for thermal ablation include (I) unresectable liver lesions; (II) in combination with hepatectomy; (III) in patients with significant medical comorbidities or poor performance status (PS); (IV) a small (<3 cm) solitary lesion, which would otherwise necessitate a major liver resection; and (V) patient preference. There are several approaches and modalities for ablative therapy, including open, percutaneous, and laparoscopic approaches, as well as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). Each approach and ablation modality have its own pros and cons. Percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches are preferred due to minimally invasive nature, yet laparoscopic approach has more benefits from thorough intraoperative ultrasound (US) exam as well as complete peritoneal staging with laparoscopy. Similarly, whereas high local tumor failure rate has been a major concern with RFA, MWA or microwave thermosphere ablation (MTA) have demonstrated significantly improved local tumor control due to homogenous tissue heating, ability to reach higher tissue temperatures, and less susceptible to the “heat-sink” effect. Although liver resection is the standard of care for CRLM, there have been some retrospective studies demonstrating similar oncological outcome between ablative therapy and surgical resection in very selected populations with small (<3 cm) solitary CRLM. Lastly, ablative therapy and liver resection should not be mutually exclusive, especially in the management of bilobar liver metastases. Concomitant ablative therapy with hepatectomy may spare the patients from having two-stage hepatectomy with less morbidity. The role of the thermal ablation will continue to evolve in patients with resectable and ablatable lesions owing to newly emerging technology, in addition to new systemic treatment options, including immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Fall Risk in Older Adults: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Background/objectives Falls are frequent and often devastating events among older adults. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with greater fall risk; however, it is unknown if pathways that contribute to CVD, such as subclinical myocardial damage or wall strain, are related to future falls. We hypothesized that elevations in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), measured in older adults, would be associated with greater fall risk. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting and participants Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants without known coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke. Measurements We measured hs-cTnT or NT-proBNP in 2011 to 2013. Falls were identified from hospital discharge International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), codes or Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims. We used Poisson models adjusted for age, sex, and race/study center to quantify fall rates across approximate quartiles of hs-cTnT (less than 8, 8-10, 11-16, and 17 or greater ng/L) and NT-proBNP (less than 75, 75-124, 125-274, and 275 or greater pg/mL). We used Cox models to determine the association of cardiac markers with fall risk, adjusted for age, sex, race/center, and multiple fall risk factors. Results Among 3973 participants (mean age = 76 ± 5 years, 62% women, 22% black), 457 had a subsequent fall during a median follow-up of 4.5 years. Incidence rates across quartiles of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP were 17.1, 20.0, 26.2, and 36.4 per 1000 person-years and 12.8, 22.2, 28.7, and 48.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Comparing highest vs lowest quartiles of either hs-cTnT or NT-proBNP demonstrated a greater than two-fold higher fall risk, with hazard ratios of 2.17 (95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.60-2.95) and 2.34 (95% CI = 1.73-3.16), respectively. In a joint model, the relationships of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP with falls were significant and independent. Conclusion Subclinical elevations of cardiac damage and wall strain were each associated with a higher fall risk in older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions that lower hs-cTnT or NT-proBNP also lower fall risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1795-1802, 2019.
Continuous-wave radar sensor for structural displacement monitoring

Infrastructure systems are tied closely to the function of human society in many aspects. Effective approaches to maintaining infrastructure are critical for public safety. The assessment of structural conditions, diagnosis of structural damage, and infrastructure safety protection may be achieved by monitoring and analyzing structural responses. Many approaches have been pursued to monitor different types of structural responses; displacement monitoring is one of the commonly used approaches. Various types of sensors have been developed to monitor structural displacement with a range of cost, ease-of-use, and effectiveness. Radar systems provide a family of high-accuracy displacement measurements. Specifically, continuous-wave (CW) radar is a promising technology for structural applications. CW radar transmits the microwave to the target continuously and captures the signal reflected. By analyzing the difference between the transmitted and reflected microwaves, the radar can measure the relative displacement between the target and the radar. Some specific types of CW radars have been developed to monitor structural displacement and have demonstrated promising performance. Radar-based structural monitoring applications are presented and specific types of CW radars developed for structural monitoring are introduced. The operating mechanism for conducting displacement measurement with CW radars is presented. The hardware designs of the CW radars and the signal processing from radar signals to final displacement information are described. The structural displacement monitoring using the CW radar is quantified in both laboratory and field validation experiments. Challenges associated with applying the CW radar to monitoring structural displacement are summarized, and future work to improve the performance of CW radar is suggested.
More About the Language of clingo

The programming constructs described below significantly extend the expressive possibilities of the language used Chaps. 2 and 3. The first three sections are about aggregates—functions that apply to sets. Then we show how clingo can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems and discuss clingo programs with symbolic functions and classical negation.
Radiotherapy Utilization for Patients Over Age 60 With Early Stage Breast Cancer

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have questioned the relative benefit of radiotherapy (RT) for older patients with favorable breast cancer given the lack of survival benefit and marginal local control benefit. Despite the 2004 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines advocating for the option of hormonal therapy alone, trends in utilization rates of RT in this group are not well-documented. We analyzed our institutional experience with implementation of the guidelines over time. Material and Methods We identified 564 patients aged ≥ 60 years with favorable breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery from 2000 to 2017. Patients met criteria for Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9343, Postoperative Radiotherapy in Minimum Risk Elderly (PRIME II), or the very-low risk cohort identified in the Toronto-British Columbia study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of association between omission status, grade, and tumor size while controlling for age and year of diagnosis. Results Overall RT omission rates were 17.6% prior to the 2004 NCCN update and 45% after the publication of the 10-year CALGB data in 2013. The overall RT omission rate was 29%. Patients with grade 1 to 2 histology (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-7.7; P = .01) and tumors Conclusions We observed a slight decrease in the use of RT over time, suggesting a move towards adoption of the NCCN guidelines. There remains a fundamental need to continue to individualize breast cancer care based on risk stratification and make evidenced-based treatment recommendations with equitable use of health care resources.
Characterization of rice straw from major cultivars for best alternative industrial uses to cutoff the menace of straw burning

Abstract Rice straw is a useful bio-resource with worldwide annual production of approximately 731 million tons. However, this valuable biomass is unfortunately burnt on field as waste that causes air pollution, global warming, plant nutrient losses and environment menace. About 60% of rice straw produced in Asia in general and India in particular is burnt in field. As for the basic requirement to predict their suitability for best alternative industrial uses biochemical, morphological and chemical (functional group) characterization of straws of 18 most widely grown rice cultivars from eastern region of India was carried out. Biochemical characterization was done on the basis of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica content. The surface morphology of straws was observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while, presence of functional groups were analyzed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Primarily, quantified biochemical profiles were used to group cultivars for best alternate uses of straw like bio-ethanol, biochar, compost and mushroom production. Morphological feature (from SEM) of straw and functional group (through FTIR) were used to support the grouping. Cultivars with higher hemicelluloses and cellulose with low to medium lignin and Si were better suited for bio-ethanol production while, straw having higher lignin and low to medium cellulose and hemicellulose were selected for biochar. Therefore, considering all the three characterization methods (chemical composition, morphological features, presence or absence of functional groups), we found straws of rice cultivars, Tapaswini and IR 64 were best suited for bio-ethanol and biochar production, respectively. There are overlapping as well as contradictory observations found during grouping, when the three approaches were followed together. This indicate that the grouping of straw for better alternative uses could be done by biochemical and morphological characterization but this should be validated in small scale at farm or factory level for final recommendation.
Family caregiver's experience of caring for an older adult with delirium: A systematic review.

Aim To enhance understanding of how family caregivers perceive the experience of caring for an older adult with delirium across care settings and to identify the challenges in recognising and managing delirium to inform future research and best practices. Method A systematic literature review was conducted in five databases per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Primary or secondary peer-reviewed articles published between 1987 and October 2018 describing the experiences of family caregivers caring for older adults with delirium or delirium superimposed on dementia were included in the review. Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A thematic synthesis of results was conducted to extract relevant data as per the aims of the study. Results Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria, which were reviewed and analysed in regard to purpose, sample, research design, variables and results. Seven themes emerged in the process. The current challenges and gaps in our knowledge of this phenomenon have also been highlighted, which should be helpful to inform best practices, and finally, an agenda for future research is proposed. Conclusion Family caregivers are an important partner in the detection and management of delirium. The impact of caring for an older adult with delirium on the family caregivers should not be overlooked. This paper highlights the dearth of research on family caregiver's experience of caring for older adults with delirium and even less in the context of delirium superimposed on dementia. More research is required to further understand the family caregiver's experience and their challenges in order to support them in their caregiving role and to determine their needs and preferences of being involved in the plan of care. Implications for practice These findings suggest that family caregivers are a valuable resource in the recognition and management of delirium and should be included as care partners in the health care team, while also catering to their health and well-being in the process.
Network-supported, metal-mediated catalysis: progress and perspective

Metal-mediated chemical reactions have been a vital area of research for over a century. Recently, there has been increasing effort to improve the performance of metal-mediated catalysis by optimizing the structure and chemical environment of active catalytic species towards process intensification and sustainability. Network-supported catalysts use a solid (rigid or flexible) support with embedded metal catalysts, ideally allowing for efficient precursor access to the catalytic sites and simultaneously not requiring a catalyst separation step following the reaction with minimal catalyst leaching. This minireview focuses on recent developments of network-supported catalysts to improve the performance of a wide range of metal-mediated catalytic reactions. We discuss in detail the different strategies to realize the combined benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in a metal catalyst support. We outline the unique versatility, tunability, properties, and activity of such hybrid catalysts in batch and continuous flow configurations. Furthermore, we present potential future directions to address some of the challenges and shortcomings of current flexible network-supported catalysts.
Hurricane risk perceptions and evacuation decision-making in the age of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic increases the complexity of planning for hurricanes as social distancing is in direct conflict with human mobility and congregation. COVID-19 presents not only urgent challenges for this hurricane season due to the likeliness of continued or heightened COVID-19 threat, but also challenges with the next hurricane season with additional waves of the pandemic. There is severe urgency to understand the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions and the extent people are willing to risk their lives by sheltering in place rather than evacuating during severe hurricanes. In June 2020, a survey (in both English and Spanish) of 40 questions was disseminated through regional planning councils, emergency management, and the media to Florida residents. A total of 7,072 people responded from over 50 counties. Most data obtained were ordinal or categorical in nature, encouraging usage of nonparametric analysis and chi-square tests. Almost half the respondents view themselves as vulnerable to COVID-19 due to preexisting health conditions, and 74.3% of individuals viewed the risk of being in a shelter during the COVID-19 pandemic as more dangerous than enduring hurricane hazards. Additionally, there was a significant number of individuals who would choose to not utilize a public shelter during COVID-19 when they would have previously. Officials can use the results of this study regarding how household evacuation plans change with social distancing to better inform strategies of shelter preparedness and COVID-19 risk mitigation to minimize risk to those in harm's way of storm surge and other hurricane effects during a mandatory evacuation order. © 2021 American Meteorological Society.
A Qualitative Study of Nurses' Perceptions of Narcotic Administration after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Abstract Background Nearly every patient admitted to a neuroscience intensive care unit (ICU) will experience pain and nurses are tasked with analgesic administration. Within the setting of the ongoing opioid epidemic it is not well understood how nurses meet the need to alleviate pain while individualizing analgesic administration. Aims This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to determine nurses’ perceptions in pain management of patientswith subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Design Prospective qualitative inquiry using phenomenology Setting The study was conducted in a neuroscience intensive care unit at a university hospital. Participants Nine neuroscience intensive care unit nurses were enrolled using snowball sampling. Methods Saturation was reached after nine individual nurse interviews. Hermeneutic cycling analysis was used throughout interviews and codes and themes were developed throughout the interview process. Rigor was established using triangulation, rich and thick descriptions, and member checks. Results Emerging themes included discernment and hesitation. Discernment is supported by codes such as: “nursing judgement” and “follow the orders.” Hesitation is supported by codes such as “clouded exam” and “over sedation.” Eight nurses made references to hesitation of administering opioids due to the perception that it would cause a poorer neurological exam. All nurses described a reliance on education, experience, or intuition to guide their decision to administer opioids along with using approved pain scales. Themes were confirmed by member checks, which prompted slight modifications to coding. Conclusions Results of this study support that nurses do express apprehension in administering opioids to patients with (SAH). This apprehension leads to hesitation to administer the medication and a thought out discernment process.
Analysis of R-curve behavior of non-phase-transforming ceramics

Abstract An analysis is presented of the phenomenon of increased crack resistance with crack growth ( R- curve behavior) exhibited by ceramics such as alumina, which do not undergo phase-transformation in the process and by ceramic-matrix composites. These materials contain a wake of unbroken ligaments and crack bridges, and these are modeled in this paper to account for R- curve behavior. The analysis is based on a modified Dugdale strip yield model. Various sizes and geometries of specimens are analysed, and a small-scale yielding estimation is also presented. Good correlation is obtained between predicted and experimental R- curve behavior. The model is also used to predict the dependence of saturation fracture toughness on grain size.
Some Features of Boundary Layers and Transition to Turbulent Flow

A brief review of the status of knowledge of laminar and turbulent boundary layers and of transition is given. Some new experimental results on transition in Poiseuille flow in a tube are reported. One set shows transition excited by the annular wake behind a ring airfoil. Another shows oscillograms of velocity fluctuations in the flow for several imposed disturbance amplitudes. These demonstrate successive stages in the breakdown of the flow.
Valuation of assets in taxable accounts and annuities

Horan and Robinson (2008) and I agree on several issues including how to calculate the after-tax value of assets held in tax-deferred accounts like a 401(k) and tax-exempt accounts like a Roth IRA. We agree that an asset’s after-tax value is its after-tax future value when discounted back to the present by dividing by one plus the risk-appropriate discount rate. However, we disagree about the riskappropriate discount rate for and, therefore, after-tax value of (1) assets held in taxable accounts and (2) assets that earn tax-deferred returns, where the latter include assets held in non-qualified annuities and passively-held stocks in taxable accounts. This study explains my arguments for calculating the after-tax values of these assets.
Morphology and Diachrony in A Grammar of Old English and the Dictionary of Old English

Just as Richard M. Hogg relied heavily on the resources of the Dictionary of Old English Project, particularly the Microfiche Concordance to Old English, in compiling the first volume of his Grammar of Old English, on phonology, the project of completing the second volume, on morphology, has yielded many reminders what an indispensable asset the Dictionary of Old English and the resources it has spawned are to the community of linguists and medievalists.1 Hogg was particularly concerned to distinguish diachronic and synchronic analysis of the language, in regard to nominal morphology actually separating the two concerns into discrete chapters; working with the resources of the DOE for the purpose of completing Hogg’s work has, thus, prompted some contemplation of the advantages and disadvantages of the dictionary’s approach to matters of diachrony and synchrony in respect to Old English morphology. The dictionary itself supplies some exceptionally useful information on morphology, particularly in its presentation of attested forms and inflected varieties. A peculiarity of the DOE, however, is the relative thoroughness with which considerations of language history have been excluded from the construction of the dictionary. Considering the very many difficulties that the editors would have had to address had they chosen to include much historical information — difficulties that surely would have strained the Project’s budget and pace of production — it would be unreasonable to expect them to have done otherwise. The consequences of this course
A Human Cerebral Deconnection Syndrome

A case of a 42-year-old man with a glioblastoma multiforme, who postoperatively was found to present many unusual findings, is reported. The patient’s routine neurological examination showed a right hemiplegia worse in the leg with a very marked grasp reflex in the right hand and mild position sense loss on the right side. There were definite signs of intellectual deterioration.
Allergic reactions to fish

A wide variety of fish are known to induce allergic reactions following ingestion or inhalation of vapors by sensitized individuals. Although the exact prevalence of fish sensitivity is not known, fish are among the most important food allergens; and as consumption of fish increases, rates of sensitization are expected to increase. Diagnosis of fish allergy is aided by clinical history, skin prick testing, and in vitro assays; however, double-blind placebocontrolled food challenges are the most reliable method to confirm fish allergy and to identify putative species. It appears from RAST inhibition and SDS-PAGE/Western blot studies that the current policy of recommending that fish-sensitive individuals avoid all species of fish should be reevaluated.
A case of chylothorax in a patient with sarcoidosis: a rare and potentially fatal complication.

Obstruction of the thoracic duct may lead to accumulation of a lymphatic fluid rich in triglycerides named chyle. When chyle accumulates in the pleural cavity, it becomes a chylothorax. Malignancy, particularly lymphoma, is the most common cause of chylothorax; however, any pathology leading to obstruction or destruction of the thoracic duct can lead to a chylothorax. This particular case investigates an incidence of chylothorax in sarcoidosis. A 54-year-old African American woman with a medical history of sarcoidosis, congestive heart failure, and smoking presented to the emergency department with complaints of bilateral foot swelling and exertional shortness of breath 3 days in duration. Physical examination was positive for bilateral crepitations with decreased air entry, abdominal ascites, and bilateral 2+ pitting edema. Both chest X-ray and chest CT were positive for stable bilateral pleural effusions (when compared to imaging done 3 years previously), and thoracocentesis and paracentesis were positive for chylous fluid accumulation. Chylothorax was diagnosed, and based on the previous medical history, the lymphadenopathy of sarcoidosis was determined to cause the occlusion of the thoracic duct. Lymphoscintigraphy and surgical intervention were advised; however, the family decided on conservative management and the patient expired intubated in the ICU. Chylothorax is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis and high index of suspicion should be there to diagnose this, as there is high morbidity and mortality associated with it. Keywords: chyothorax/sarcoidosis; Lymphoscintigraphy; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis; Octreotide (Published: 1 September 2015) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2015, 5 : 28300 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v5.28300
Generation of transfer functions with stochastic search techniques

This paper presents a novel approach to assist the user in exploring appropriate transfer functions for the visualization of volumetric datasets. The search for a transfer function is treated as a parameter optimization problem and addressed with stochastic search techniques. Starting from an initial population of (random or pre-defined) transfer functions, the evolution of the stochastic algorithms is controlled by either direct user selection of intermediate images or automatic fitness evaluation using user-specified objective functions. This approach essentially shields the user from the complex and tedious "trial and error" approach, and demonstrates effective and convenient generation of transfer functions.
HSV1 exposure affects prefrontal cortical structure in schizophrenia patients

Differences in grey matter among herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1)-seropositive and HSV1-seronegative schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects: the left panel shows grey matter differences within schizophrenia and healthy subjects groups by HSV1 serological status. Significant reductions in grey matter in the prefrontal region can be seen in schizophrenia patients with serological evidence of exposure to HSV1 compared to those with no evidence of exposure but not within healthy subjects. The right panel shows significant changes in grey matter in the prefrontal region in HSV1-seropositive patients compared to seropositive healthy subjects. Such differences were not observed between. For more information on this topic, please refer to article by Prasad et al. on pages 105–113. Molecular Psychiatry (2007) 12, 1 & 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1359-4184/07 $30.00
Transient Evaporation and Combustion of a Fuel Droplet Near Its Critical Temperature

Abstract Recently obtained exact solutions for the transport-controlled lifetime of an isolated sphere of arbitrary density and “solubility” in a quiescent, constant-property fluid are exploited to predict the corresponding behavior of a fuel droplet evaporating (with or without vapor phase combustion) into a surrounding dense gas. Emphasis is placed on (i) systematic errors associated with the familiar quasi-steady (QS) approximation when applied to the vaporization of droplets which are not much denser than their surroundings, (ii) the chamber pressure-droplet temperature conditions under which the droplet will be driven to a subcritical (wet-bulb) temperature, or to its thermodynamic critical temperature, and (iii) the effects of gas/liquid solubility on the predicted lifetime of a fuel droplet. Illustrative calculations are included for the case of a kerosene-like (x-dodecane) droplet evaporating into compression-heated air, as encountered in diesel engine cylinders.
Characterization of denture bases for people of color.

Research has enabled dentists to provide denture bases that are esthetically pleasing to patients who have pigmented gingiva. Pigment is applied to the denture base resin until the desired color is obtained. The preparation of the pigment and the technique for applying it are described.
Role of hydrogen sulfide in early blood-brain barrier disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia.

We determined the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and early BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. A cranial window was prepared over the left frontal, parietal and temporal cortex in mice. Transient focal cerebral Ischemia was induced by directly ligating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for two hours. Regional vascular response and cerebral blood flow (CBF) during ischemia and reperfusion were measured in real time. Early BBB disruption was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) and sodium fluorescein (Na-F) extravasation at 3 hours of reperfusion. Topical treatment with DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor for cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)) and aspartate (ASP, inhibitor for cysteine aminotransferase/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (CAT/3-MST)), but not O-(Carboxymethyl)hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (CHH, an inhibitor for cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)), abolished postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and prevented EB and Na-F extravasation. CSE knockout (CSE-/-) reduced postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia but only inhibited Na-F extravasation. An upregulated CBS was found in cerebral cortex of CSE-/- mice. Topical treatment with CHH didn’t further alter postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia, but prevented EB extravasation in CSE-/- mice. In addition, L-cysteine-induced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production similarly increased in ischemic side cerebral cortex of control and CSE-/- mice. Our findings suggest that endogenous production of H2S by CSE and CAT/3-MST during reperfusion may be involved in postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and play an important role in early BBB disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Observations of induced transitions in the uv absorption spectrum of Ba

The uv absorption spectrum of Ba vapor is studied, noting its dependence on both vapor density and the intensity of illumination. Wavelength positions of the weak absorption lines, which appear adjacent to the 6snp /sup 1/P/sub 1//sup o/ principal series for n> or approx. =35, have been identified as the 6s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0/ to 6sns /sup 1/S/sub 0/ and 6snd /sup 1/D/sub 2/ even-parity transitions. Experimental evidence is presented to support the interpretation of these transitions as collision-induced phenomena.
The ethics of personal advertising in surgery

As a pioneer in endoluminal stent-graft placement, you are clearly the leading practitioner of endovascular procedures in your metropolitan area and, perhaps, the world. You therefore find yourself appalled by the radio, television, and newspaper advertising campaign of Fluff General, a cross-town hospital, claiming that its endovascular surgery program has the most extensive experience and the best record of patient outcomes and satisfaction for these procedures in the community. You approach your hospital's marketing office about running a comparable advertising campaign rebutting the false claims of Fluff, but are told that the advertising budget has been depleted by efforts to promote a new cancer center. What is your most ethically sound course of action?.
Commutation and destructive oscillation in diode circuits

Since the introduction of single crystal rectifier cells, the switching action from the forward- to the reverse-biased condition, in other words commutation, frequently has been analyzed. In the early stages of germanium and silicon rectifiers, destruction of cells was often caused by this commutation action. After the application of parallel capacitors or filtering circuits, the troubles were eliminated, and correctly designed filtering capacitors provided a simple, cheap, and effective way to assure trouble-free operation.
Significant Drug Interactions in the HIV Patient

Current treatment guidelines advocate the use of triple combination antiretroviral therapy for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with one protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Additionally, patients often receive medications for prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections and comorbid illnesses. Polypharmacy with potent medications places the patient with HIV at significant risk of drug interactions. The purpose of this review is to assist clinicians regarding awareness and management of clinically significant drug interactions frequently encountered in the HIV population.Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions are discussed in depth with several tables of significant interactions encountered in the patient with HIV. Certain combinations of NRTIs have antagonistic antiretroviral action (e.g., zidovudine plus stavudine), and thus should be avoided. All of ...
Isotropic Random Measures

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTIn this paper, the concept of an isotropic random measure is introduced. The results are specialized to obtain spectral decompositions for harmonizable isotropic and isotropic random measures.
Uranium mill tailings: nuclear waste and natural laboratory for geochemical and radioecological investigations

Uranium mill tailings (UMT) are a high volume, low specific activity radioactive waste typically disposed in surface impoundments. This review focuses on research on UMT and related earth materials during the past decade relevant to the assessment of: (1) mineral hosts of radionuclides; (2) the use of soil analogs in predicting long-term fate of radionuclides; (3) microbial and diagenetic processes that may alter radionuclide mobility in the surficial environment; (4) waste-management technologies to limit radionuclide migration; and (5) the impact of UMT on biota.
Left atrial size in children with hypertension: the influence of obesity, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of left atrial enlargement and the correlates of left atrial size in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. Background: Left atrial enlargement has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke in adults. Risk factors for left atrial size in adults with hypertension include age, race, and obesity. Methods and results: Patients (n =112; average age, 14.2 years) with essential hypertension were studied with echocardiography. The average left atrial dimension was 2.8 (± 0.5) cm; 51% patients had left atrial dimension >95% upper confidence limit. The patients with left atrial enlargement had greater body mass index ( P Conclusions: Left atrial enlargement is prevalent in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. This may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Control of obesity and blood pressure elevation offer two approaches for treatment that may prevent left atrial enlargement. (J Pediatr 2002;141:186-90)
Using patents to benchmark technological standing: international differences in citation patterns

Patent citation statistics, used to measure the technological standing of firms and nations, uniquely suggest that the quality of Japanese technological output is superior to that of the USA. This study explores whether there is something in Japanese citation practices which may inflate citation ratings without any underlying technological superiority. Using telecommunications equipment industry patent citation data, suggests that Japanese companies do appear to cross‐cite one another’s patents much more heavily than is the practice among their North American or European competitors.
Host associations of lianas in a south-east Queensland rain forest

Lianas are abundant in tropical forests around the world, yet little is known about their ecology. In this study we report the results of a survey of ten common liana species on 27 host tree species in Cooloola National Park, Queensland, Australia. We found significant associations between some liana and tree species. Our results indicate that host tree diameter was important in explaining liana presence or absence. Host tree fruit type was correlated with the presence or absence of different liana types. Tendrillar and root-climbing lianas tended to occur most often on mid-sized, fleshy-fruited trees, and on smaller, non-fleshy-fruited trees. The presence of stem twining lianas tended to decrease with increasing tree diameter for both fleshy- and non-fleshy-fruited trees, although this effect was more pronounced for fleshy-fruited trees. In general, lianas were most prevalent on trees possessing intermediate levels of bark roughness and flakiness. Although we established associative patterns between liana species and these host characteristics, the model suggested that other unidentified variables may also be important in determining presence or absence of liana species.