cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2 Alterations in Expression of Neurotrophins and their Receptors in Response to Hyperoxic Lung Injury

Neurotrophins and their receptors have important roles in survival of neural tissues that may extend to cells of non neural origin. Their presence and response to hyperoxia-induced lung injury has not been fully characterized. We randomized four day old rat pups to breath either room air or hyperoxia (FIO2 ≥95%) for 1, 3, 6 and 10 days. By Western blot we found a significant decline in the hyperoxic-exposed group of Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its high affinity receptor TRK-C, beginning at day 3 with maximal decline at day 6. NT-3 and TRK-C are widely distributed in the lungs both in the airways and air sacs as seen by immunohistochemistry. We repeated the experiment using human fetal lung fibroblast under culture conditions exposed to 95% oxygen and found the same results. NT-3 and its high affinity TRK-C receptor level declined significantly by 4 hours and were undetectable by 12 hours of exposure as determined by Western blot. We conclude that hyperoxia decreased lung expression of NT-3 and its receptor. The findings may have implications for lung growth and development.
HEAT TRANSFER DURING WIND-AIDED FLAME SPREAD ON A CEILING MOUNTED SAMPLE

In this paper the effect of wind speed and ambient oxygen mass fraction on heat transfer to the surface underneath and ahead of the flame during wind-aided laminar flame spread has been investigated experimentally and analyzed according to a simple model. These experiments were performed in the ceiling configuration. High temperature ceramic solids in-strumented with surface and in-depth thermocouples were used downstream of the PMMA sample experiencing flame spread. Simultaneous transient measurements of the PMMA surface temperature, ceramic solid temperatures, gas-phase temperatures, and the flame tip location were made. Since there was little excess pyrolyzate in all the experiments, the flame length was only slightly larger than the pyrolysis length. Thus, heat transfer measurements underneath the flame were conducted with a steady state methane diffusion flame in the boundary layer over the ceramic detectors mounted in the ceiling configuration. Results of heat transfer measurements downstream of the flame tip for the steady state flame agree well with those of the transient flame spread experiments. This shows quasi-steady gas-phase behavior during wind-aided flame spread and implies that any transient behavior is primarily due to the solid-phase. It was also found that for these laminar flames, convection is the dominant mode of heat transfer to the sample surface both ahead and underneath the flame for ambient oxygen concentration conditions. However, flame radiation becomes more significant as Y ox increases. Models for surface temperature downstream of the pyrolysis front and the pyrolysis front spread rate were also developed from these heat transfer correlations. The model predictions agree well with the measurements.
Somatostatin Inhibits Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Stimulated Adrenocorticoropin Release, Adenylate Cyclase, and Activation of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Isoenzymes in AtT20 Cells*

The mechanisms by which somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits CRF-induced ACTH secretion from AtT20 cells were characterized by comparing the effects of SRIF on cAMP production, adenylate cyclase activity, and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes with its effects on ACTH release. In isolated membranes, CRF (100 nM) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity 4- to 5-fold. SRIF inhibited CRF-stimulated adenylate cyclase in a concentration-dependent manner. However, maximal inhibition was 50%. SRIF did not inhibit basal adenylate cyclase or forskolin-stimulated cyclase in the absence of guanine nucleotides and had only small effects on forskolin-stimulated cyclase when assayed in the presence of guanine nucleotides. CRF (100 nM) induced small rises (2-fold) in intracellular cAMP levels which produced maximal ACTH release. SRIF inhibited basal and CRF-stimulated ACTH release in a concentration-dependent manner, and there was a good correlation between inhibition of ACTH release and inhibition of the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases in these cells. Thus, the effect of SRIF on CRF-induced ACTH release appeared to result from its effect on inhibition of adenylate cyclase. In the presence of 3-methylisobutylxanthine (MIX), CRF increased cAMP levels 20-fold and activated a greater proportion of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but did not stimulate ACTH release more than CRF alone. Under these conditions, SRIF (100 nM) inhibited cAMP accumulation by 90%. ACTH release was also inhibited, but higher concentrations of SRIF were required to block ACTH release compared to cells incubated in the absence of MIX. Sufficient cAMP levels were achieved so that activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases was only partially blocked. There was still sufficient cAMP to activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase to an extent equal to that seen with CRF without MIX. Similar effects of SRIF on cAMP accumulation and protein kinase activation were seen when cells were stimulated with forskolin. Our results demonstrate that SRIF inhibits ACTH release from AtT20 cells by inhibiting hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase and thereby prevents the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases. However, under conditions where cAMP-dependent protein kinases are still sufficiently active to induce ACTH secretion, high concentrations of SRIF can inhibit ACTH release by a mechanism independent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Finite deformation of a pressurized magnetoelastic membrane in a stationary dipole field

A nonlinear boundary-value problem for the equilibrium of a pressurized magnetoelastic membrane acted upon by an applied magnetic field is derived from three-dimensional magnetoelasticity. The model is specified entirely by differential equations in the limit of weak material magnetization, these replacing the integro-differential equations of the general theory. The model is further specialized to axisymmetry, and several problems of technical interest are solved numerically.
Development and operation of a quality assurance system for deviations from standard operating procedures in a clinical cell therapy laboratory.

Background Errors and accidents, or deviations from standard operating procedures, other policy, or regulations must be documented and reviewed, with corrective actions taken to assure quality peiformance in a cellular therapy laboratory. Though expectations and guidance for deviation management exist, a description of the framework for the development of such a program is lacking in the literature. Here we describe our deviation management program, which uses a Microsoft Access database and Microsoft Excel to analyze deviations and notable events, facilitating quality assurance (QA) functions and ongoing process improvement. Methods Data is stored in a Microsoft Access database with an assignment to one of six deviation type categories. Deviation events are evaluated for potential impact on patient and product, and impact scores for each are determined using a 0–4 grading scale. An immediate investigation occurs, and corrective actions are taken to prevent future similar events from taking place. Additionally, deviation data is collectively analyzed on a quarterly basis using Microsoft Excel, to identify recurring events or developing trends. Results Between January 1, 2001 and December 31,2001 over 2500 products were processed at our laboratory. During this time period, 335 deviations and notable events occurred, affecting 385 products and/or patients. Deviations within the ‘technical error’· category were most common (37%). Thirteen percent of deviations had a patient and/or a product impact score ≥ 2, a score indicating, at a minimum, potentially affected patient outcome or moderate effect upon product quality. Discussion Real-time analysis and quarterly review of deviations using our deviation management program allows for identification and correction of deviations. Monitoring of deviation trends allows for process improvement and overall successful functioning of the QA program in the cell therapy laboratory. Our deviation management program could serve as a model for other laboratories in need of such a program.
Effects of metronidazole, ipronidazole, and dibromochloropropane on rabbit and human sperm motility and fertility

Treatment of protozoal pathogens in the reproductive system with chemical agents exposes flagellated sperm cells to potential toxicants. A widely used antiprotozoal agent is metronidazole. Its effect on rabbit and human sperm was compared with a more soluble 5-nitroazole compound, ipronidazole, and with a systemic environmental toxicant, dibromochloropropane (DBCP). The percentages of motile rabbit and human sperm incubated with the compounds, the velocity of sperm, migration of sperm in polyacrylamide gel, young born in rabbits, and penetration of hamster oocytes by treated human sperm were measured in seven experiments. Up to 10 mg/ml metronidazole and 1 mg/ml DBCP had little effect on most sperm characteristics. However, 10 mg/ml metronidazole and 5 mg/ml of ipronidazole increased attachment of human sperm to hamster oocytes, but oocyte penetration was unaffected. Rabbit sperm exposed to 5 mg/ml ipronidazole were infertile. No oocytes were penetrated by DBCP-treated human sperm.
Structure and properties of an eight-coordinate Mn(II) complex that demonstrates a high water relaxivity.

An air-stable eight-coordinate (8C) Mn(II)N8 complex has been synthesized utilizing an N4imidazole/imine ligand. The 8C dodecahedral geometry is structurally robust as the Mn complex is stable to air, NO(g), and potential coordinating anions. The structural, spectroscopic and water relaxivity properties of this complex are reported.
In vivo outcome study of BPD-mediated PDT using a macroscopic singlet oxygen model.

ABSTRACT Macroscopic modeling of the apparent reacted singlet oxygen concentration ([ 1 O 2 ] rx ) for use with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed and studied for benzoporphryin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD), a common photosensitizer. The four photophysical parameters ( , 1 , , /) and threshold singlet oxygen dose ([ 1 O 2 ] rx,sh ) have been investigated and determined using the RIF model of murine fibrosarcomas and interstitial treatment delivery. These parameters are examined and verified further by monitoring tumor growth post-PDT. BPD was administered at 1 mg/kg, and mice were treated 3 hours later with fluence rates ranging between 75  150 mW/cm 2 and total fluences of 100  350 J/cm 2 . Treatment was delivered superficially using a collimated beam. Changes in tumor volume were tracked following treatment. The tumor growth rate was fitted for each treatment condition group and compared using dose metrics including total light dose, PDT dose, and reacted singlet oxygen. Initial data showing the correlation between outcomes and various dose metrics indicate that reacted singlet oxygen serves as a good dosimetric quantity for predicting PDT outcome. Keywords: photodynamic therapy, PDT, BPD, macroscopic model
Representing urban interests: The local politics of state legislatures

[New York] city is ruled entirely by the hayseed legislators at Albany. I've never known an up-State Republican who didn't want to run things here. . . . We've got to eat and drink what they tell us to eat and drink, and have got to choose our time for eatin' and drinkin' to suit them. If they don't feel like takin' a glass of beer on Sunday, we must abstain. If they have not got any amusements up in their backwoods, we mustn't have none. We've got to r egulate our whole lives to suit them. And then we have to pay their taxes to boot.George Washington Plunkitt.William L. Riordon, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall: A Series of Very Plain Talks on Very Practical Politics, ed. Terrence J. McDonald (Boston: Bedford Books, 1994), 59–60.
Advanced Architectures and Execution Models to Support Green Computing

Creating the next generation of power-efficient parallel computers requires a rethink of the mechanisms and methodology for building parallel applications. Energy constraints have pushed us into a regime where parallelism will be ubiquitous rather than limited to highly specialized high-end supercomputers. New execution models are required to span all scales, from desktop to supercomputer.
DBI-1, a novel gene related to the notch family, modulates mitogenic response to insulin-like growth factor 1.

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor has been found to transform fibroblast cells when overexpressed. The removal of 108 aa from the C-terminus of the IGF-1 receptor abolishes the transforming ability of the receptor without affecting its ability to induce cell growth. The availability of this mutant receptor provides a means to examine the changes in gene expression which take place during transformation, solely in response to an increased number of IGF-1 receptors. Using differential display, we have examined differences in gene expression between cells expressing a wild-type, transforming IGF-1 receptor and cells expressing a C-terminally truncated, nontransforming IGF-1 receptor. We have cloned a novel 6.3-kb cDNA transcript (DBI-1) which is expressed at much lower levels in cells containing the wild-type IGF-1 receptor. The predicted protein sequence of DBI-1 contains seven EGF-like repeats, which bear >90% sequence identity to the rat Notch 2 protein. The cDNA also contains a potential DEAD box in the C-terminal region. The DBI-1 message is detected at relatively high levels in cardiac tissue and at lower levels in lung, liver, and kidney. Antibodies generated to a unique region of the DBI-1 protein recognize a protein of 88 kDa, which is localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of DBI-1 in cells which contain the wild-type IGF-1 receptor diminishes the mitogenic response to IGF-1.
Real-time noise reduction for Mössbauer spectroscopy through online implementation of a modified Kalman filter

Abstract Spectrum-processing software that incorporates a Gaussian smoothing kernel within the statistics of first-order Kalman filtration has been developed to provide cross-channel spectral noise reduction for increased real-time signal-to-noise ratios for Mossbauer spectroscopy. The filter was optimized for the breadth of the Gaussian using the Mossbauer spectrum of natural iron foil, and comparisons among the peak broadening, signal-to-noise ratios, and shifts in the calculated hyperfine parameters are presented. The results of optimization give a maximum improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 51.1% over the unfiltered spectrum at a Gaussian breadth of 27 channels, or 2.5% of the total spectrum width. The full-width half-maximum of the spectrum peaks showed an increase of 19.6% at this optimum point, indicating a relatively weak increase in the peak broadening relative to the signal enhancement, leading to an overall increase in the observable signal. Calculations of the hyperfine parameters showed that no statistically significant deviations were introduced from the application of the filter, confirming the utility of this filter for spectroscopy applications.
Acute heart failure complicating acute coronary syndromes: a deadly intersection.

Patients manifesting symptomatic pulmonary congestion during an acute myocardial infarction have long been recognized to be at heightened risk of both short- and long-term mortality.1–3 Acute heart failure (AHF) complicates acute myocardial infarction as a result of a complex interaction of structural, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and genetic maladaptations. Abrupt myocyte loss leading to contractile dysfunction and AHF is an obvious mechanism, and the extent of biomarker elevation correlates with prognosis and the range of functional recovery.4 In those without extensive myocyte necrosis, postischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) leading to AHF can result from transient myocardial stunning or hibernation depending on the extent of coronary reperfusion.5 Ventricular remodeling can increase wall stress to viable regions that may be relatively underperfused, furthering ischemia and adding to this cycle. Ischemia-induced impairment in myocardial relaxation can increase left ventricular filling pressures irrespective of global systolic function and lead to AHF. Furthermore, ischemia can also precipitate acute mitral regurgitation in some patients, contributing to the risk of pulmonary congestion. Recent data also suggest that AHF potentiates apoptosis in and outside the infarct zone,6 which focuses attention beyond mechanics, hemodynamics, and perfusion to alterations in signaling pathways and genetic expression. Regardless of which processes dominate in individual patients, it is clear that the intersection of AHF and myocardial infarction remains deadly even in the current era of acute reperfusion.7 See p 494 In this issue of Circulation , the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) investigators8 expand on our understanding of the interrelation between AHF and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), clarify the impact for patients across the spectrum of ACS presentations, and provide disturbing revelations on …
Soiling of building envelope surfaces and its effect on solar reflectance. Part I: Analysis of roofing product databases

Abstract The use of highly reflective “cool” roofing materials can decrease demand for air conditioning, mitigate the urban heat island effect, and potentially slow global warming. However, initially high roof solar reflectance can be degraded by natural soiling and weathering processes. We evaluated solar reflectance losses after three years of natural exposure reported in two separate databases: the Rated Products Directory of the US Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) and information reported by manufacturers to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s ENERGY STAR® rating program. Many product ratings were culled because they were duplicative (within a database) or not measured. A second, site-resolved version of the CRRC dataset was created by transcribing from paper records the site-specific measurements of aged solar reflectance in Florida, Arizona and Ohio. Products with high initial solar reflectance tended to lose reflectance, while those with very low initial solar reflectance tended to become more reflective as they aged. Within the site-resolved CRRC database, absolute solar reflectance losses for samples of medium-to-high initial solar reflectance were 2–3 times greater in Florida (hot and humid) than in Arizona (hot and dry); losses in Ohio (temperate but polluted) were intermediate. Disaggregating results by product type—factory-applied coating, field-applied coating, metal, modified bitumen, shingle, single-ply membrane and tile—revealed that absolute solar reflectance losses were largest for field-applied coating, modified bitumen and single-ply membrane products, and smallest for factory-applied coating and metal products. The 2008 Title 24 provisional aged solar reflectance formula overpredicts the measured aged solar reflectance of 0–30% of each product type in the culled public CRRC database. The rate of overprediction was greatest for field-applied coating and single-ply membrane products and least for factory-applied coating, shingle, and metal products. New product-specific formulas of the form ρa′=0.20+β(ρi−0.20) can be used to estimate provisional aged solar reflectance ρa′ from initial solar reflectance ρi pending measurement of aged solar reflectance. The appropriate value of soiling resistance β varies by product type and is selected to attain some desired overprediction rate for the formula. The correlations for shingle products presented in this paper should not be used to predict aged solar reflectance or estimate provisional aged solar reflectance because the data set is too small and too limited in range of initial solar reflectance.
The emergence of a discretely distributed pattern of corticospinal projection neurons

The distribution of cortical neurons which project to the spinal cord was investigated in the developing and adult rat using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injections of HRP into the cervical spinal cord of a postnatal day 4 rat, retrogradely labeled neurons are located in layer Vb throughout the neocortex. Gradually, over the first two postnatal weeks, labeled cells can no longer be found laterally or caudally in the neocortex. By the end of the second postnatal week, cortical neurons which project to the spinal cord are located in essentially their adult positions. These consist of: (1) a dorsomedial band of cells in layer V of frontal cortex, (2) a dorsomedial band in layer Vb of posterior frontal/anterior parietal cortex, and (3) a small group of cells located laterally in an area corresponding to SII. This change in the regional distribution of cortical neurons projecting to the spinal cord is interpreted as an economically adaptive way for the cortex to interconnect highly organized sensory and motor systems.
A transactional memory with automatic performance tuning

A significant obstacle to the acceptance of transactional memory (TM) in real-world parallel programs is the abundance of substantially different TM algorithms. Each TM algorithm appears well-suited to certain workload characteristics, but the best choice of algorithm is sensitive to program inputs, available cores, and program phases. Furthermore, operating system and hardware characteristics can affect which algorithm is best, with tradeoffs changing across iterations of a single ISA.This paper introduces methods for constructing policies to dynamically select the most appropriate TM algorithm based on static and dynamic information. We leverage intraprocedural static analysis to create a static profile of the application. We also introduce a low-overhead framework for dynamic profiling of a running transactional application. Armed with these complementary descriptions of a program's behavior, we present novel expert adaptivity policies as well as machine learning policies that are trained off-line using simple microbenchmarks. In our evaluation, we find that both the expert and learned policies provide better performance than any single TM algorithm across the entire STAMP benchmark suite. In addition, policies that combine expert and learned policies offer the best combination of performance, maintainability, and flexibility.
Drawing on technology: An investigation of preservice teacher beliefs in the context of an introductory educational technology course

This study investigated entering preservice teachers' initial beliefs and ideas with regard to the role of technology in teaching and learning. It also examined specific technology-integrated pedagogical strategies and their potential to help preservice teachers begin to shift from traditional teacher-centered beliefs to a more student-centered mindset. The work was conducted in the context of an introductory educational technology course for preservice teachers in a Mid-Atlantic University in the United States. Data sources included pre- and post-course drawings where participants depicted themselves as technology-using teachers, drawing reflections, and weekly reflective entries submitted in response to a blogging assignment. Findings indicated that preservice teachers enter their training programs with traditional, teacher-centered beliefs about the use of technology and the roles of technology-using teachers and students. Analysis of post-course drawings, however, indicated that participants' beliefs began to shift from largely teacher-centered to more mixed teacher- and student-centered. Analysis of reflective blog entries also demonstrated that participants reflected predominantly on how technology can provide opportunities for students, teachers and parents to collaborate. To a lesser extent, participants reflected on how technology can enhance teaching and learning. Based on these findings, implications specifically related to stand alone technology courses and teacher education programs are discussed. Highlights? We investigated preservice teachers' beliefs about the role of technology in teaching and learning. ? Pre and post drawings showed initial changes in teachers' beliefs. ? Teachers' beliefs began to shift from teacher-centered to mixed teacher-centered/student-centered. ? Teachers reflected on the role of technology in teaching and learning. ? Teachers reflected on the role of technology in fostering collaboration.
The Effects of Superoxide Dismutase in Gerbils with Bacterial Meningitis

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory products, such as oxygen radicals generated during the course of bacterial meningitis, can damage nerve endings, hair cells, and/or supporting cells in the cochlea. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an O2-scavenger, has been shown to play an important role in the protection against radical toxicity in various animal experiments.OBJECTIVE: To study the antioxidant effects of SOD on the inflammatory response of gerbils with bacterial meningitis.STUDY DESIGN: Meningitis was induced in three groups of 10 gerbils by intrathecal (IT) injection of Streptococcus pneumoniae into the cisterna magna. Group 1 received IT SOD, group 2 received intramuscular (IM) SOD, and group 3, the control group, received IM normal saline. Histologic data and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were obtained from each gerbil.RESULTS: Fibrosis and/or neo-ossification were near absent in the IT SOD group and significantly less fibrosis occurred in the IM group (IT vs. IM: P = 0.010; IT vs. control group: P = 0.001). ...
The Wolf ramp: Reflection characteristics of a transition layer

The modern use of spectral decomposition has shown that reflection events in practice are always frequency dependent, a phenomenon called reflectivity dispersion. Often, this can be attributed to strong interference effects from neighboring reflection coefficients of the classical type (i.e., parameter discontinuities or jumps). However, an intrinsic frequency dependence from a single layer is possible if the contact is not a jump discontinuity but a gradual transition. We have expanded the normal-incidence theory of a linear velocity transition zone (termed a Wolf ramp) and have shown how it leads to frequency-dependent reflectivity. The development of waveform forward modeling in turn has led to a ramp detection method that we have tested on migrated field data.
Persistent, differential alterations in developing cerebellar cortex of male and female mice after methylmercury exposure

Abstract Developing animals have long been believed to be more sensitive to methylmercury toxicity than adults, but the reasons for differential effects are not well understood. In the present study, 2-day-old mice received a single per os dose of 4 mg Hg/kg methylmercury and were sacrificed 24 h or 19 days later. This resulted in a mean brain concentration of 1.8 μg Hg/g tissue on day 3 and
A Psychology Fulbright Year in China

This article shares a series of personal observations and anecdotes about central issues in college mental health in China based on my Fulbright year there. There are many cultural and structural forces that both support and constrain the growth of the mental health field in China. This article addresses these forces in terms of their impact on college student psychotherapy and the broader mental health of Chinese college students.
An EUV spectrometer for atmospheric remote sensing

This paper describes the Berkeley EUV Airglow Rocket Spectrometer (BEARS) experiment, designed to investigate the interactions between the solar ionizing radiation and the earth's upper atmosphere. The primary objective of this experiment is the verification the feasibility of using EUV observations as a quantitative diagnostic of the terrestrial atmosphere and its plasma environment. The expected information provided by spectroscopic measurements of EUV emission will include data on the excitation mechanisms, excitation rates, and branching ratios. The BEARS experimental package consists of a high-resolution EUV airglow spectrometer, a hydrogen Lyman-alpha photometer to measure both the solar radiations and the geocoronal emissions, and a moderate-resolution solar EUV spectrometer. In a test experiment, the instruments were carried aboard a four-stage sounding rocket to a peak altitude of about 960 km and obtained airglow spectra in the 980-1060 A range and in the 1300-1360 range.
The Use of Electronic Computers in Medical Data Processing: Aids in Diagnosis, Current Information Retrieval, and Medical Record Keeping

Some of the potential advantages of computer aids to medical data processing are: making available to the physician quantitative methods in areas relating to data analysis and differential diagnosis; assisting in the evaluation of the best alternative courses of action during stages of the diagnostic testing processes; making easily available to the physician reference to the most current information about new preventive measures, and diagnostic and therapeutic techniques; and periodic recording and evaluating of individual physiologic norms for the more sensitive determination of an individual's health trend relative to disease prevention.
The application of high-speed CNC machining to prototype production

This paper describes the application of high-speed milling to the production of monolithic, metallic, functional prototypes, with special emphasis placed on the applicable process times. An example component is selected and the relevant process times are presented. Fundamental requirements for the use of high-speed milling to produce prototypes in a timely manner are identified. These requirements include: 1) high speed/high power spindles, 2) proper spindle speed selection based on the system dynamics, 3) machining parameter definition based on tool wear, 4) high feed/high acceleration machine drives, 5) intelligent path generation, and 6) pre-process verification of arbitrary three-dimensional CNC part paths. The implementation of the Simultaneous Trilateration Laser Ball Bar (STLBB) system to measure the CNC part paths is described and the device verification procedure is outlined. Example two and three-dimensional path measurements are also shown.
Botánicas in America’s Backyard: Uncovering the World of Latino Healers’ Herb-healing Practices in New York City

This article examines Latino healers’ use and prescription of herbs and plants in New York City (NYC), focusing on botanicas (ethnic healing-religious stores) as main healing outlets serving a pan-ethnic population of Latino immigrants in the city. Botanicas provide a physical and a social space for the exchange of information and resources, as well as for the support of informal faith-healing networks on the basis of religious belonging (e.g., Santeria and Spiritism). Rather than conforming to discrete categories, plants and herbs reveal a poli-functionality in how they impact different aspects of clients’ lives, ranging from getting back a loved one to recovering from a serious health condition. Healers’ treatments, based on ritualistic cleansing, are pivotal to resolving Latinos’ ailments rooted in sociosoma modes of causation that imply social relationships severed by sorcery, spirit intrusion, and stressful living circumstances. Most of the plants, herbs, and roots found at botanicas are believed to ...
Status of iodine in milk preserved with sodium metabisulfite and formaldehyde.

Abstract Fresh raw whole milk labeled in vitro with iodine-131 was preserved with 0.2 to 1.0g of Na 2 S 2 O 5 per liter of milk at 23–26C. Analyses of portions of milk by ion exchange resin treatment showed quantitative recoveries of 131 I up to three days; mold growth and spoilage were observed on the fourth day. The sample with 1.0g of Na 2 S 2 O 5 showed mold growth but no spoilage up to seven days. Although Na 2 S 2 O 5 maintained 131 I in the reduced state, it had no bactericidal effect and was considered ineffective for preserving milk. Reconstituted powdered milk labeled in vitro with 131 I was preserved with formaldehyde and stored for 18 days at 23–26C. Analyses of portions of milk showed 97–100% recoveries of 131 I. No xanthine oxidase activity was found in the freshly reconstituted milk, indicating no protein-binding of 131 I. Standardizing radionuclide methods for collaborative testing of reconstituted powdered milk labeled in vitro with radio-nuclides and preserved with formaldehyde are satisfactory.
Synthesis of a resonant transfer filter as applied to a time division multiplex system

In a previous paper,1 Perkins describes a time division multiplex transmission path, developed for use in an electronic switchboard.2 This transmission path incorporates the use of a ?resonant transfer? filter, the operation of which was first described in reference 3. This type of filter and the associated theory have since been described by several authors.4,5 The purpose of this paper is to present a method used to synthesize an economical network whose characteristics will allow it to operate efficiently in this system. The first sections cover the general requirements on the network and the special conditions imposed to effect a proper operation of the networks in a resonant transfer system. The general method of synthesis is then presented which involves both the steady-state and transient responses. Since the actual synthesis by use of well-known procedures of insertion parameter theory are familiar to most filter designers, the details of the synthesis are omitted and only the general procedure is given.
Accuracy of the spectral method in estimating fractal/spectral parameters for self-affine roughness profiles

Abstract Accurate quantification of roughness is important in modeling strength, deformability and fluid flow behaviors of rock joints. Self-affine fractals seem to have the potential to represent rock joint roughness profiles. Both stationary and non-stationary fractional Brownian profiles (self-affine profiles) with known values of fractal dimension, D, and input standard deviation, σ, were generated at different generation levels. A few smoothing techniques were used with the spectral method to calculate D, and two other spectral parameters Ks (a proportionality constant; see the text for the details) and CD (the cross-over dimension of the profile) for the fractional Brownian profiles. The effects of smoothing, generation level of the profile, seed value used in the generation, non-stationarity of the profile and σ on the accuracy of the calculated D were examined using the spectral method. The following conclusions were obtained: (a) To obtain accurate estimates for D, Ks and CD, it seems necessary to have at least 10 data points per unit length for a profile having a total length of 100 units (this is equivalent to a generation level of 10). (b) For accurate estimation of D, Ks and CD, the non-stationarity of profiles should be removed, if it exists. (c) The parameter combinations D and Ks, (which has the potential to capture scale effects), and D and CD are recommended for quantification of stationary roughness; in addition, extra parameters are required to quantify the non-stationarity. (d) Both the Parzen and Hanning smoothing techniques seem suitable to use with the spectral technique to obtain accurate estimates for D, Ks and CD. (e) To obtain accurate estimates for D, Ks, and CD, it is necessary to use a suitable bandwidth for the Parzen window and a suitable number of interactions for the Hanning window; this paper provides guidelines to choose these suitable values. (f) Seed value has negligible effect on the accuracy of estimated D, Ks and CD.
Stacking of a Dermal Regeneration Template for Reconstruction of a Soft-Tissue Defect After Tumor Excision From the Palm of the Hand: A Case Report

Excision of tumors from the hand often leaves tissue defects with exposed tendons or neurovascular structures that require coverage. Various types of free and pedicled grafts have been described for use in these situations. We present a patient who had a tumor excision in the hand followed by wound coverage with a stacked dermal regeneration template. A 50-year-old man presented with a mass over the palm of the hand. He had an incisional biopsy procedure, the results of which suggested malignancy. He then had wide excision with planned temporary skin coverage with a dermal regeneration template. The dermal template incorporated nicely. With adequate skin coverage the palmar defect still was substantial in terms of depth. This was raised with layering or stacking of the template followed by a split-thickness skin graft. Excellent wound healing and coverage of the defect ultimately were achieved. Additionally the patient went on to obtain full range of motion. Stacking of a dermal regeneration template coupled with split-thickness skin grafting was used to fill a soft-tissue defect over the median and nerve and flexor tendons after wide tumor excision.
SU-E-T-879: Dosimetric Analysis of Proton Passive-Scattering Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) of Treated Spine Lesions versus Photon SBRT

Purpose: To investigate the trade‐off between spinal cord sparing and target coverage in spine patients treated with Proton Passive‐scattering Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy(SBRT) compared to PhotonSBRT plans with IMRT and 3D‐CRT. Methods: Ten patients with spinal and paraspinal lesions have treated with ProtonSBRT in our institution. Afterward, they were re‐planned with photonIMRT and 3D‐CRT SBRT protocol considering sufficient target coverage and sharp dose fall‐off at the margin of target and spinal cord. Dosimetric data obtained from the plans and were compared in target volume, spinal cord and other adjacent critical organs such as thecal sac, Cauda equina, esophagus. To test the validity of dose calculation in heterogeneous tissues for photon and proton, in house developed Monte Carlo has been used. Results: IMRT plans showed better coverage and conformity of the target volume compared to proton plans and 3D‐CRT. Dose fall‐off at the margin of spinal cord and target volume were comparable for IMRT,Proton and 3D‐CRT plans, however IMRT showed a better result. On the other hand, photon plans including IMRT and 3D‐CRT showed more exit dose to the beyond normal tissues. Conclusions: Proton plans showed wider beam penumbra at the margin of spinal cord and target volume due to multiple protonscatter events. The effect can leading to increase of spinal cord dose or decrease of target coverage and therefore risk of treatment failure.
Interventionists' Perspectives about Data Collection in Integrated Early Childhood Classrooms

The collection and use of data are generally accepted as important educational practices. Nevertheless, evidence exists that interventionists' data collection practices tend to be infrequent and nonsystematic. This study investigated the perspectives of early childhood interventionists about the use of data in their classrooms. Perspectives about the use of data for monitoring children's progress, improving instruction, and communicating with families and other professionals also were studied. Participants were teachers, assistant teachers, and therapists in an integrated setting. Participants identified a number of perceived barriers, including the nature of the setting, management issues, lack of time and skill, and the nature of individualized education programs. Implications for improving the data collection practices of early childhood interventionists are discussed.
Development and application of a bioenergetics model for juvenile walleye pollock

A bioenergetics model was parameterized for age-0 walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, based on a synthesis of literature data. The sensitivity of the new parameters was tested by individual parameter perturbation (IPP) analysis. The model was applied to estimate individual and total cohort food consumption of age-0 pollock in two areas of high pollock density in the Gulf of Alaska during the summer of 1990. Total cohort consumption was compared with zooplankton biomass and production estimates for the same areas and times of the year. The model was also used to examine the bioenergetic implications of age-0 pollock diel vertical migration through a thermal gradient. During a 1-month bioenergetics simulation, individual daily consumption decreased from 16·0 to 6·0% of wet body weight. Daily ration estimates corresponded well with independent field estimates of daily ration for the same areas and time of the year. Comparison of total cohort consumption with prey availability (production and biomass) indicated minimal potential for food limitation. Bioenergetic optimization of growth can be a potential benefit of diel vertical migration to age-0 pollock, however more information on prey density and distribution is needed to test this hypothesis thoroughly.
Reinventing the Poet and Dark Lady: Theatricality and Artistic Control in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew

AbstractBuilt on the premise that Shakespeare's poetic imagination inspired him to seek clarification and development beyond the boundaries of the Sonnets, this essay undertakes a cross‐genre study of The Taming of the Shrew and the dark‐lady sequence. Like the poems, The Taming of the Shrew examines the nature of artistic ownership and authority, and the power of theater to transform—even define—the self. But while the poet's creative experiments eventually spark the realization that he has developed a character too intractable for his own prescribed framework, Petruchio's rhetorical manipulations arguably begin with a fuller understanding of his authorial limits. That is, Petruchio knows that he must surrender control of his “dark lady” in return for a validation of his creative powers. Reading Petruchio's rhetorical strategies as an attempt to perfect the poet's negotiation tactics deployed on his mistress, the essay assumes a later date for The Taming of the Shrew and challenges prevailing views about...
Nervios and `Modern Childhood' Migration and Shifting Contexts of Child Life in the Ecuadorian Andes

This article addresses a culturally specific depression-like disorder (nervios) among children living in the southern Ecuadorian Andes. Characterized by symptoms as varied as melancholy and anger, nervios is said to strike when children are separated from their parents, specifically fathers, who commonly migrate to the US. Nervios serves as a generative site for analyzing the local meanings and practices of children and childhood within wider national and global economic processes. Specifically, it is argued that beyond explanations predicated on psychological ideas of separation and attachment, the malady reflects the limits of children's abilities to accept the terms of family life increasingly defined through transnational migration and new consumption practices. Ultimately, this article suggests that nervios aids children by giving voice to life changes they do not completely understand.
Effects of Juvenile Hormone on Pheromone Synthesis in Dendroctonus frontalis

One-day-old male and female Dendroctonus frontalis produced the pheromone trans -verbenol when treated topically with JH-II or methoprene. JH stimulated production of endo -brevicomin in 5-day-old and emergent males. These results suggest that JH mediates pheromone synthesis in D. frontalis , although the stimulus initiating JH production is not known. JH treatment generally decreased the pheromone content of 5-day-old or emergent adults, indicating that pheromone release may also be stimulated.
Abstract 4899: Development of a quantitative measurement of p53 – p53 antibody interactions

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL We are developing methods to quantify antibody interactions that includes a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system to measure, on a molecular basis, the interaction of p53 and anti-p53 antibodies. Previously, as a model system, we developed a reference device consisting of p53 protein (human wild type), characterized by mass spectroscopy and immobilized at various concentrations on a glass slide. The device is designed as a reference control to be used with immunohistochemical (IHC) assays that incorporate commercially available anti-p53 antibodies and probes. In the current study, we compared three different monoclonal antibodies (clones: BP53.12, PAb 1801 and DO-1) for their ability to detect p53 in HT1080 cells. Both visible microscopy (diaminobenzidine probe) and flow cytometry (AlexaFluor 488 probe) showed significant increases in staining intensity compared to controls without primary antibody. However, quantification of these observations requires direct measurement of the concentration of the p53 and the concentrations and specificities of the antibodies. For this the p53 protein is covalently immobilized on glass coated quartz crystals and the resonance frequency shift is followed in-situ. The functionalized sensor is then incubated with the anti-p53 antibody, which provides a direct gravimetric measure of antibody-antigen binding. This allows the comparison of the surface immobilized protein concentrations with those previously obtained by fluorescence measurement. The p53 functionalized QCM system offers an independent measure of surface immobilized protein concentration and is essential in the development of our IHC calibration prototypes. These results also provide a benchmark for comparing systems that may be used in developing molecular diagnostic assays such as aspiration biopsy analysis and the detection of biomarker proteins in blood and urine. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4899. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4899
Counternormative Behavior and Locus of Control

Summary Persons taking actions aimed at self-improvement, in cultural contexts where such actions are counternormative, should show differences in locus of control when contrasted with persons for whom such actions are not counternormative. Two studies tested this hypothesis. The first contrasted locus of control scores between 109 Mexican and 61 American male and female business administration students. The second contrasted locus of control scores between 67 male and female American Liberal Arts students who were economically disadvantaged and 226 such students who were not so disadvantaged. In both Mexican and economically disadvantaged Liberal Arts groups, pursuit of such educational goals was markedly more counternormative for women. In each study, women in the counternormative group showed stronger rejection of control by powerful others or chance than did Ss in a context where such action was not equally counter-normative.
Interference between the 16.62 and 16.92 MeV levels in 8Be

The 10B(d,α)8Be reaction reveals an asymmetry in the shapes of the alpha-particle groups corresponding to the 16.62 and 16.92 MeV states in 8Be. A simple two-level resonance formula which includes an interference term is found to fit the data.