cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blunted Diuretic and Natriuretic Responses to Central Administration of Clonidine in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether diuretic and natriuretic effects are altered in response to intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of clonidine in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 65 mg/kg i.p. injection of streptozocin, and control rats were injected with vehicle 2 wk before the experiment. Blood glucose levels were significantly elevated in the diabetic group (26.3 ± 1.3 mM) compared with the control group (8.4 ± 1.6 mM). Before and during ICV infusion of clonidine (2 μg · kg−1 · min−1 for 45 min), urine flow and sodium excretion were measured from intact and denervated kidneys in anesthetized diabetic and control rats. The ICV infusion of clonidine significantly increased urine flow in both innervated and denervated kidneys from control rats but not from diabetic rats. There was a significant increase in sodium excretion during ICV infusion of clonidine from innervated kidneys of control rats, and denervation abolished this effect. In diabetic rats, clonidine failed to promote natriuresis from intact kidneys, and similar to control rats, did not promote natriuresis in denervated kidneys. This study demonstrates that 1 ) the diuretic response to the ICV infusion of clonidine is blunted in diabetic rats, and 2 ) a natriuretic response to the ICV infusion of clonidine is blunted in innervated kidneys of diabetic rats.
Mr. Jefferson, a Mammoth Cheese, and the “Wall of Separation Between Church and State”: A Bicentennial Commenmoration

Two hundred years ago this New Year's Day, residents in the Federal City wit nessed an extraordinary spectacle unlike any witnessed before or since in the capi tal city famed for its political showmen and ceremony. With great fanfare, President Thomas Jefferson received at the new executive mansion a "mammoth cheese," a gift from a small Baptist community in western Massachusetts, which made the cheese to celebrate Jefferson's election and commemorate his devotion to religious liberty. On the same day, 1 January 1802, Mr. Jefferson penned an ad dress to a Baptist association in Connecticut in which he said the First Amendment built "a wall of separation between church and state." Today, this architectural metaphor is accepted by manu Americans, including jurists, as a pithy description of the constitutionally prescribed church-state arrangement. This essay commemo rates these two events, rich in symbolism: one is all but forgotten and the other continues to inform church-state discourse and policy.
IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESPONSE OF COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) TO EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION WITH YERSINIA PESTIS

Multiple publications have reported the use of coyotes (Canis latrans) in animal- based surveillance efforts for the detection of Yersinia pestis. Coyotes are likely exposed via flea bite or oral routes and are presumed to be resistant to the development of clinical disease. These historic data have only been useful for the evaluation of the geographic distribution of Y. pestis in the landscape. Because the canid immunologic response to Y. pestis has not been thoroughly characterized, we conducted experimental inoculation of captive-reared, juvenile coyotes (n58) with Y. pestis CO92 via oral or intradermal routes. We measured the humoral response to Y. pestis fraction 1 capsular protein (anti-F1) and found a significant difference between inoculation groups in magnitude and duration of antibody production. The anti-F1 titers in animals exposed intradermally peaked at day 10 postinoculation (PI; range51:32 to 1:128) with titers remaining stable at 1:32 through week 12. In contrast, orally inoculated animals developed higher titers (range51:256 to 1:1,024) that remained stable at 1:256 to 1:512 through week 6. No clinical signs of disease were observed, and minimal changes were noted in body temperature, white blood cell counts, and acute phase proteins during the 7 days PI. Gross pathology was unremarkable, and minimal changes were noted in histopathology at days 3 and 7 PI. Rechallenge at 14 wk PI via similar dosage and routes resulted in marked differences in antibody response between groups. Animals in the orally inoculated group produced a striking increase in anti-F1 titers (up to 1:4,096) within 3 days, whereas there was minimal to no increase in antibody response in the intradermal group. Information gathered from this experimental trial may provide additional insight into the spatial and temporal evaluation of coyote plague serology.
Photosynthetic Acclimation to Temperature and Drought in the Endemic Chelan Rockmat, Petrophytum Cinerascens (Rosaceae)

Abstract Petrophytum cinerascens (Piper) Rydb. (Rosaceae) is a highly restricted endemic found on steep rocky outcrops and sandy soils along the Columbia River in eastern Washington. Our goal was to examine the plant's ability for photosynthetic acclimation to increased growth temperature. Plants collected from the field were subjected to three sets of day/night growth temperatures and to two different watering regimes. Leaf gas exchange was measured at step-intervals of leaf temperature. Data were fitted to individual temperature response curves, and the optimum temperature for assimilation (Topt), the high temperature compensation point (Thigh) and assimilation rate at the optimum temperature for assimilation (Aopt) were calculated from the regressions. We analyzed the data using a 3 × 2 split plot experimental design with growth temperature as the main effect and watering treatment as the split plot factor. Aopt for plants grown at 30/16 and 34/20 C was significantly greater than that for plants grown ...
A broadband study of the 13 August 1978 Santa Barbara earthquake

The Santa Barbara earthquake of 13 August 1978, provides an opportunity to perform a broadband investigation of body waves for a well-recorded, moderate size (M_L = 5.1) event. The long- and short-period teleseismic body waves are modeled in the time domain to construct a source time function which is consistent in the period range of 1 to 20 sec. The long-period records indicate an overall duration of 6 sec while the short-period records reveal the fine-scale character of the slip history consisting of two sharp pulses separated by about 1 sec. The source mechanism determined from this analysis is a moderately dipping (30°NE) thrust with significant left-lateral slip. The moment was determined to be 1.1 × 10^(25) dyne-cm. The earthquake was also reasonably well recorded on accelerographs in the near-field. The modeling of the strong motion displacements was a two step procedure: (1) the displacements were modeled alone, and (2) in an attempt to achieve consistency between the local and far-field time functions, the qualitative features of the teleseismic short-period time function were used to predict the displacements. If the two sources in the short-period time function are allowed to have different mechanisms, the displacements can be modeled quite well. This suggests that the overall faulting process was rough, and the multiple source character suggested at high frequencies is due to high-stress drop asperities. The two sources are modeled as asperities separated by 1.5 km; the first source has a mechanism consistent with the teleseismic solution while the second source is more steeply dipping. The total moment determined from the strong motion data is 3.5 × 10^(24) dyne-cm or one-third the long-period moment. This is consistent with other recent studies which suggest that the high-frequency strong ground motion is controlled by the distribution of asperities even though the sum of their moments may be small compared to the overall moment. This study also shows the importance of teleseismic short periods in predicting the local displacements.
Proof without Words: An Arctangent Identity and Series

(1991). Proof without Words: An Arctangent Identity and Series. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 241-241.
Chemical Mustard Containment Using Simple Palladium Pincer Complexes: The Influence of Molecular Walls

Six amide-based NNN palladium(II) pincer complexes Pd(L)(CH3CN) were synthesized, characterized, and examined for binding the sulfur mustard surrogate, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). The complexes all bind readily with CEES as shown by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3. The influence of para-substituents on the two amide phenyl appendages was explored as well as the effect of replacing the phenyl groups with larger aromatic rings, 1-naphthalene and 9-anthracene. While variations of the para-substituents had only a slight influence on the binding affinities, incorporation of larger aromatic rings resulted in a significant size-related increase in binding, possibly due to increasing steric and electronic interactions. In crystal structures of three CEES-bound complexes, the mustard binds through the sulfur atom and lies along the aromatic walls of the side appendages approximately perpendicular to the pincer plane, with increasingly better alignment progressing from phenyl to 1-naphthalene to 9-anthracene.
Delivering High Quality School-Wide Positive Behavior Support in Inclusive Schools

If all students are to experience maximum benefi t from learning experiences in inclusive schools, they must have access to effective classroom and school environments in which student and teacher engagement is of high quality. These experiences and environments are focused on the most important academic and social behavior student outcomes, invested in the adoption of evidence-based practices, committed to using data to guide their instructional decision making, and organized to support educators in high-quality implementation (Sugai, Horner, et al., 2000).
Separation and Recovery of Copper from Bio-leaching Solution of Low-Grade Carrollite

Biological leaching solution of low-grade carrollite often contains a high concentrations of iron,a low concentrations of cobalt and a amount of copper w hen using the biological oxidation method. So the selective separation of copper w as carried out before the recovery of cobalt to avoid the loss of cobalt. LIX984N as an extractant w as used to selectively separated and extracted copper from the low-grade carrollite biological leaching solution. The results show ed that,w hen the volume fraction of LIX984N is 25%,ambient temperature 35 ℃,O / A 1 ∶ 1,mixing time 5 min and equilibrium pH 1. 25,the extraction rate of copper is 99. 4%. Under the same condition, the extraction rates of the iron of entrainment and the cobalt w as only 4. 03% and 0. 849% respectively. Loaded organic phase w as w ashed by pure w ater under O / A 1∶ 1,the extraction rates of the cobalt and iron of entrainment decreased to 0. 008% and 0. 766% respectively. After w ashing,loaded organic phase w as stripped using sulfuric acid solution w ith concentration of 200 g / L. When O / A w as 1 ∶ 1,after tw o countercurrent stripping,the copper stripping rate w as 98. 13%.
The estrogenic activity of postcoital antifertility compounds.

The postcoital antifertility activity of 17 natural and synthetic steroidal and non-steroidal compounds was evaluated in the rabbit. The estrogens tested (estrone ethinyl estradiol stilbestrol mestranol estradiol-17beta) were the most effective inhibitors of implantation while ORF-3858 was slightly less effective. RS-2196 and RS-229 had effects similar to those found in rats and were in the range of effectiveness of clomiphene and U-11100A. U-11555A had considerably less effect. Both norethindrone (less than 2% estrogen) and Sch-10015 inhibited implantation. Similar doses of testosterone and dihydrotesterone also inhibited implantation. Progesterone and chlormad inone acetate however failed to prevent implantation. All other compounds had sufficent uterotrophic activity to at least double uterine weight. Those compounds that were effective appeared to act directly on the endometrial implantation site.
A novel diver pedal behavior model framework incorporating vehicle and road environment information

Driver pedal behavior models can benefit vehicle powertrain control and intelligent driving assistance system designs. This paper proposes a novel way to describe the pedal position signal by decomposing it into a series of actions and a nonlinear stochastic driver pedal behavior model is presented under the input-output hidden Markov model (IOHMM) framework. This framework can incorporate the vehicle and road environment information as inputs. A driver model under this IOHMM framework is identified using human driver data collected on a driving simulator and the model behavior is analyzed in comparison with the human driver data. Closed-loop simulation using the model integrated with a vehicle model and a road environment model shows that the outputs of proposed pedal behavior model have similar patterns to those of human drivers.
Reasoning About Discovery Clouds

A discovery cloud is a set of automated, cloud-hosted services to which individuals may outsource their routine and not-so-routine research tasks: finding relevant data, inferring links between data, running computational experiments, inferring new knowledge claims, evaluating the credibility of knowledge claims produced by others, designing experiments, and so on. If developed successfully, a discovery cloud can accelerate and democratize access to data and knowledge tools and the collaborative construction of new knowledge. Such systems are also fascinating to consider from a reasoning perspective because they integrate great complexity at multiple levels: the underlying cloud-based hardware and software, for which issues of reliability and responsiveness may be paramount; the knowledge bases and inference engines that sit on that cloud substrate, for which issues of correctness may be less well defined; and the human communities that form around the discovery clouds, and that arguably form as much as part of the cloud as the hardware, software, and data. I raise questions here about what it might mean to reason about such systems. I do not provide any answers.
Collaborative Life Writing: The Dialogical Subject of Carson McCullers’ Dictaphone “Experiments” and Posthumous Autobiography, Illumination and Night Glare

Determined to write in spite of physical pain and emotional turmoil in the late 1950s, Carson McCullers began using a Dictaphone, recording her sessions with therapist Dr. Mary Mercer and having them transcribed as literary “experiments.” These experiments, now available to researchers, indicate that these dialogic sessions’ affective content and thematics fueled McCullers’ final projects: her novel, Clock Without Hands (1961), and “unfinished” autobiography. This chapter emphasizes the archived Dictaphone experiments’ relationship to Illumination and Night Glare: The Unfinished Autobiography of Carson McCullers (1999), the posthumous text edited by Carlos Dews and published decades after McCullers’ death. McCullers’ posthumous autobiography is an under-recognized work of women’s life writing that showcases the sociality of being and writing, both at the level of its thematics and material production.
Bringing mini-chalk talks to the bedside to enhance clinical teaching

ABSTRACTChalk talks – where the teacher is equipped solely with a writing utensil and a writing surface – have been used for centuries, yet little has been written about strategies for their use in medical education. Structured education proximal to patient encounters (during rounds, at the bedside, or in between patients in clinic) maximizes the opportunities for clinical learning. This paper presents a strategy to bring mini-chalk talks (MCTs) to the bedside as a practical way to provide relevant clinical teaching by visually framing teachable moments. Grounded in adult learning theory, MCTs leverage teaching scripts to facilitate discussion, involve learners at multiple levels, and embrace the increased retention associated with visual aids. These authors provide specific recommendations for the design and implementation of MCT sessions including what topics work well, how to prepare, and how to involve and engage the learners.Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; MCT: Mini-cha...
Weight-based heparin dosing nomograms for anticoagulation achieved therapeutic levels more rapidly then standard-practice nomograms

Source Citation Raschke RA, Reilly BM, Guidry JR, Fontana JR, Srinivas S. The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a "standard care" nomogram. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Nov 1;119:874-81.
Effective Scenario Designs for Free-Text Interactive Fiction

Free-text interactive fiction allows players to narrate the actions of protagonists via natural language input, which are automatically directed to appropriate storyline outcomes using natural language processing techniques. We describe an authoring platform called the Data-driven Interactive Narrative Engine (DINE), which supports free-text interactive fiction by connecting player input to authored outcomes using unsupervised text classification techniques based on text corpus statistics. We hypothesize that the coherence of the interaction, as judged by the players of a DINE scenario, is dependent on specific design choices made by the author. We describe three empirical experiments with crowdsourced subjects to investigate how authoring choices impacted the coherence of the interaction, finding that scenario design and writing style can predict significant differences.
The Physician-Researcher's Dilemma.

The traditional triple threat model of academic physician careers can help global health researchers balance research commitments and the duty to care. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Associations Between Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Social Support and Diabetes Management Among Low-Income, Predominantly Hispanic Patients in Patient-Centered Care

OBJECTIVE This study examined whether changes in depressive symptoms and social support prospectively predicted diabetes management among Hispanic patients with probable depression in patient-centered medical homes at safety-net clinics in East Los Angeles, CA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 251 patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of a self-management intervention assisted by a promotora (Hispanic community health worker). Cross-lagged analyses examined associations between changes in depression symptoms and social support between baseline and 6-month follow-up and self-efficacy and adherence to diabetes management at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS Changes in depressive symptoms predicted self-efficacy and level of adherence at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Changes in total social support and emotional social support were correlated only with self-efficacy regarding diabetes management at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Decline in depressive symptoms is a reliable predictor of improvement in self-efficacy and adherence to diabetes management. Further studies are recommended to study psychosocial mechanisms related to social relationships other than social support that affect diabetes management.
Operating Characteristics of Isocaloric Fountain-Effect Pumps

The governing equations of thermomechanical (fountain-effect) pumps are usually given for pumps operating at a constant temperature difference. These are the thermomechanical and mechanocaloric effects in which the pressure head and mass flow are independent of each other. Here, these equations are recast for a pump operating at a constant heat input (isocaloric). This form more closely represents how such pumps are likely to be used. Under these conditions, the pressure head and mass flow are shown to be related. For ideal pumps, the head and flow are related by a universal curve. For real pumps (those that have normal fluid leakage), a family of curves is developed. These curves approach the curve for an ideal pump at high flow rates. The isocaloric equations are also extended to multistage pumps.
Failure analysis of a half-micron CMOS IC technology

We present the results of recent failure analysis of an advanced, 0.5 {mu}m, fully planarized, triple metallization CMOS technology. A variety of failure analysis (FA) tools and techniques were used to localize and identify defects generated by wafer processing. These include light (photon) emission microscopy (LE), fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI), focused ion beam cross sectioning, SEM/voltage contrast imaging, resistive contrast imaging (RCI), and e-beam testing using an IDS-5000 with an HP 82000. The defects identified included inter- and intra-metal shorts, gate oxide shorts due to plasma processing damage, and high contact resistance due to the contact etch and deposition process. Root causes of these defects were determined and corrective action was taken to improve yield and reliability.
Making of a Retinal Cell: Insights into Retinal Cell-Fate Determination

Understanding the process by which an uncommitted dividing cell produces particular specialized cells within a tissue remains a fundamental question in developmental biology. Many tissues are well suited for cell-fate studies, but perhaps none more so than the developing retina. Traditionally, experiments using the retina have been designed to elucidate the influence that individual environmental signals or transcription factors can have on cell-fate decisions. Despite a substantial amount of information gained through these studies, there is still much that we do not yet understand about how cell fate is controlled on a systems level. In addition, new factors such as noncoding RNAs and regulators of chromatin have been shown to play roles in cell-fate determination and with the advent of "omics" technology more factors will most likely be identified. In this chapter we summarize both the traditional view of retinal cell-fate determination and introduce some new ideas that are providing a challenge to the older way of thinking about the acquisition of cell fates.
Race/Ethnicity, Culture, and Socioeconomic Status and Caregiving of Persons with Disabilities

While caregiving has universal characteristics, ethnicity and culture have more impact on how caregiving is valued and how families engage the experience.
Canadian Identity, Women’s Suffrage, and the Rights of Women: A Comparative Analysis of the Stories and Activism of Nellie McClung and Thérèse Casgrain

ABSTRACTThis article examines the women’s suffrage movement and other aspects of the first-wave women’s movement through the lives and writing of two of the best-known Canadian suffragists: Nellie ...
Immunological and virologic outcomes of people living with HIV in Guangxi, China: 2012-2017.

Background Limited data are available on clinical outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) in China, especially after the implementation of the 2016 national treatment guideline. The objective of the current study is to examine the treatment patterns, clinical outcomes and their associated factors among PLWH in Guangxi, China before and after this new guideline. Methods Data from three community-based projects conducted at different time points over a period of six years (2012–2017) in Guangxi were analyzed in our study. The interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Measures of clinical outcomes were retrieved from the patients’ medical records. Descriptive analysis was employed to display treatment patterns and the time trends of clinical outcomes. Chi-square test or ANOVA was used to compare the differences in background characteristics and treatment history between different levels of clinical outcomes. Results Among the pooled sample of 4224 participants, 77.3% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), the median CD4 count was 328 cells/mm3, and 82.5% were virally suppressed. An increasing trend in both ART coverage (from 72.1% to 91.2%) and CD4 count (from 318 cells/mm3 to 357 cells/mm3) was observed over time in the three samples, while rates of viral suppression did not show a similar trend. A number of socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., female gender, younger age, Han ethnicity, and employment) and treatment-related variables (e.g., longer durations of HIV diagnosis and ART uptake, lower prevalence of comorbidity, fewer treatment interruptions, and more knowledge on ART) were associated with improved clinical outcomes. Conclusions We observed a high rate of viral suppression and increasing trends in ART coverage and CD4 count over six years in Guangxi, China. However, suboptimal clinical outcomes continue to be a problem, particularly among some subgroups of PLWH. Future clinical management strategies should be tailored for PLWH with different sociodemographic characteristics and treatment trajectories.
Simple analytical model for fitting QENS data from liquids

Abstract The advent of new generation of neutron spectrometers for quasielastic scattering measurements has demonstrated the need for multi-component (at least two-component) fitting of data collected from liquids. The narrowest component is associated with long-range translational diffusion, whereas the broader component originates from localized center-of-mass motions in the transient cage of the nearest neighbors. Intra-particle dynamics (e.g., of molecular side groups) may give rise to additional components besides the center-of-mass motions. We present a simple analytical model for two-component fits of quasielastic neutron scattering data collected from liquids. The use of such models is optional (albeit helpful) in the traditional approach, where fits are performed sequentially and independently for the data collected at separate Q values, but imperative in the global fitting, where the data are fitted simultaneously at all Q values, which may be necessary to rationalize the data from increasingly complex systems.
Synthesis of Benzopentathiepin Analogues and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of the Phosphatase STEP.

Analogues of already known benzopentathiepin TC-2153, a novel inhibitor of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), are synthesized.
Landscape Ecology in the Rocky Intertidal: Opportunities for Advancing Discovery and Innovation in Intertidal Research

In this paper, I review the development of landscape-based studies in rocky intertidal communities. The rocky intertidal has served as the site of a number of influential studies in ecology that have helped demonstrate the importance of biological and physical structuring processes in nature. Owing to its ease of access and preponderance of sessile species, the intertidal has also played an important role in studies that monitor the health of coastal systems. Traditional data gathering approaches such as meter tapes and quadrats provide limited capacity to capture data at the spatial and temporal scales across which intertidal systems are currently changing. New approaches and methods are now needed to more efficiently record data across the organizational scales within which ecological processes structure the intertidal. Recent developments in landscape-based theory have expanded the types of research questions asked by intertidal ecologists. The subsequent incorporation of geospatial technologies into field studies that test the predictions of emerging landscape theory has revealed emergent patterns in intertidal communities and previously unrecognized relationships between species and habitat across multiple scales of ecological organization. New landscape-based approaches will improve our capacity to collect and analyze data and improve quantitative inferences on how habitat complexity affects patterns of species abundance in the intertidal. The continued integration of landscape ecology into rocky intertidal research can help advance discovery science and provide a platform for bridging basic discovery science with conservation and management efforts centered about this important marine habitat.
Mars Upper Atmospheric Responses to the 10 September 2017 Solar Flare: A Global, Time-Dependent Simulation

We report the first global, time-dependent simulation of the Mars upper atmospheric responses to a realistic solar flare event, an X8.2 eruption on 10 September 2017. The Mars Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model runs with realistically specified flare irradiance, giving results in reasonably good agreement with the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft measurements. It is found that the ionized and neutral regimes of the upper atmosphere are significantly disturbed by the flare but react differently. The ionospheric electron density enhancement is concentrated below ~110-km altitude due to enhanced solar X-rays, closely following the time evolution of the flare. The neutral atmospheric perturbation increases with altitude and is important above ~150-km altitude, in association with atmospheric upwelling driven by solar extreme ultraviolet heating. It takes ~2.5 hr past the flare peak to reach the maximum disturbance and then additional ~10 hr to generally settle down to preflare levels.
Damage to Forests and Other Vegetation by Smoke, Ash and Fumes from Manufacturing Plants in Naugatuck Valley, Connecticut

An analysis of the effects of air pollution on the vegetation of the Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut is presented. The pollutants most carefully examined are sulfur dioxide and zinc. It is suggested that sulfur dioxide is the pollutant which most strongly affects deep-rooted plants by damaging foliage. Zinc (oxide), on the other hand, affects shallow-rooted plants most strongly - by contaminating the soil.
Response to Akagi, Hughes, and Springle

I am extremely grateful to Mikio Akagi, Nick Hughes, and Alison Springle for their insightful and challenging comments on Philosophy Within Its Proper Bounds (Machery 2017). In this response, I wil...
Characterizations of random walks on random lattices and their ramifications

We analyze the behavior of a particle moving along a d-dimensional lattice and representing a “doubly stochastic” random walk. Unlike the classical random walk, the lattice is randomly generated up...
Production of ent -kaurene from lignocellulosic hydrolysate in Rhodosporidium toruloides

Rhodosporidium toruloides has emerged as a promising host for the production of bioproducts from lignocellulose, in part due to its ability to grow on lignocellulosic feedstocks, tolerate growth inhibitors, and co-utilize sugars and lignin-derived monomers. Ent-kaurene derivatives have a diverse range of potential applications from therapeutics to novel resin-based materials. The Design, Build, Test, and Learn (DBTL) approach was employed to engineer production of the non-native diterpene ent-kaurene in R. toruloides. Following expression of kaurene synthase (KS) in R. toruloides in the first DBTL cycle, a key limitation appeared to be the availability of the diterpene precursor, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). Further DBTL cycles were carried out to select an optimal GGPP synthase and to balance its expression with KS, requiring two of the strongest promoters in R. toruloides, ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase) and TEF1 (translational elongation factor 1) to drive expression of the KS from Gibberella fujikuroi and a mutant version of an FPP synthase from Gallus gallus that produces GGPP. Scale-up of cultivation in a 2 L bioreactor using a corn stover hydrolysate resulted in an ent-kaurene titer of 1.4 g/L. This study builds upon previous work demonstrating the potential of R. toruloides as a robust and versatile host for the production of both mono- and sesquiterpenes, and is the first demonstration of the production of a non-native diterpene in this organism.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Free Nipple Graft Reduction Mammoplasty.

PURPOSE Surgical approaches for reduction mammoplasty most commonly incorporate a parenchymal vascular pedicle. For patients with larger breasts where pedicle viability may be compromised due to excessive length, the free nipple graft (FNG) technique provides a safe alternative. Criteria for whether a patient should undergo a FNG remains controversial due to variable reports in the literature with small sample sizes and inherent surgeon-dependent bias. To address this, we sought to investigate perioperative factors associated with performing FNGs at our institution in order to better elucidate specific indications for this surgery. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for 323 patients who underwent a reduction mammoplasty from August 2009 to July 2019 at Keck Hospital and LAC+USC Medical Center. Data regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, pre-operative breast characteristics, and post-operative complications were extracted. Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression were performed in R. RESULTS Of 323 patients, 15 received an FNG. Independent variables analyzed included: age, body mass index (BMI), obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, surgical indication, sternal notch-to-nipple length, nipple-to-inframammary fold length, and weight of breast specimens removed. BMI, obesity, gigantomastia, and weight of specimen resected were significantly associated with use of the FNG (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that patients who had an average of more than 1500 g of tissue removed from each breast were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.17-1.71, p<0.001) times more likely to undergo an FNG procedure than those who had less than 1500 g of tissue removed. Demographic data and breast characteristics, such as notch-to-nipple length and nipple-to-inframammary fold length, were not significantly associated. CONCLUSION Total weight of the breast specimens removed and BMI were significantly associated with the FNG technique. Removing more than 1500 g gof total breast tissue was also significantly correlated. These findings may guide surgeons during the decision-making process of when to use an FNG.
Surjectivity of the adelic Galois representation associated to a Drinfeld module of rank 3

Abstract In this paper, we prove that the adelic Galois representation ρ φ : Gal ( F q ( T ) sep / F q ( T ) ) ⟶ lim ← a Aut ( φ [ a ] ) ≅ G L 3 ( A ˆ ) associated to the Drinfeld module φ over F q ( T ) of rank 3, φ defined by φ T = T + τ 2 + T q − 1 τ 3 , is surjective.
Technical Note: Patient dose from kilovoltage radiographs during motion-synchronized treatments on Radixact ®

Purpose Synchrony is a motion management system available on the Radixact linear accelerator that utilizes kilovoltage (kV) radiographs to track target motion and synchronize the delivery of radiation with the motion. Proper management of this imaging dose requires accurate quantification. The purpose of this work was to use Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to quantify organ-specific patient doses from these images for various patient anatomies. Methods Point doses in water were measured per TG-61 for three beam qualities commonly used on the Radixact. The point doses were used to benchmark a model of the imaging system built using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code. Patient computed tomography (CT) datasets were obtained for 5 patients and 100 planar images were simulated for each patient. Patient dose was calculated using energy deposition mesh tallies. Results The MCNP model was able to accurately reproduce the measured point doses, with a median dose difference of less than 1%. The median dose (D50% ) to soft tissue from 100 radiographs among the 5 patient cases ranged from 2.0 to 4.6 mGy. The max dose (D1% ) to soft tissue ranged from 6.2 to 31.0 mGy and the max dose to bony structures ranged from 20.2 to 71.7 mGy. These doses can be scaled to estimate total patient dose throughout many fractions. Conclusions Patient dose is largely dependent on imaging protocol, patient size, and treatment parameters such as fractionation and gantry period. Organ doses from 100 radiographs (an approximate number for one fraction) on the Radixact are slightly less than the doses from Tomo MVCT setup images. Careful selection of clinical protocols and planning parameters can be used to minimize risk from these images.
Strong selective pressure by parasitoids mitigates the costs of consuming chemically defended plants

O_LICo-evolutionary interactions between plants and herbivores have led to a range of plant defenses that minimize insect damage and a suite of counter-adaptations that allow herbivores to feed on defended plants. Consumption of plant secondary compounds results in herbivore growth and developmental costs but can be beneficial if eating these secondary compounds results in deterrence or harm to natural enemies. C_LIO_LITo test the role of secondary compounds on herbivore fitness in the context of natural enemies, I combined field measurements of the prevalence of a parasitoid wasp (Cotesia congregata) with detailed measurements of the costs of plant secondary compounds on growth, immune, and fitness traits across developmental stages in the herbivore Manduca sexta. When M. sexta larvae consume defended plants, Cotesia congregata are known to have reduced success. However, this anti-enemy benefit to the M. sexta host must be considered in relationship to parasitoid abundance and the type and strength of the fitness costs M. sexta incurs feeding on plant secondary compounds. C_LIO_LII found that Cotesia congregata parasitoids exert large negative selective pressures, killing 31-57% of M. sexta larvae in the field. Manduca sexta developed fastest during the instars most at risk for parasitoid oviposition but growth was slowed by consumption of plant secondary compounds (nicotine and rutin). These negative size effects at the larval stage carried over to influence adult traits associated with flight and mating but there were no immune, survival, or fecundity costs of consuming plant defensive compounds as larvae. C_LIO_LISynthesis. These results suggest that the developmental costs experienced by M. sexta herbivores consuming defensive compounds may be outweighed by a survival benefit in the face of abundant enemy pressures. C_LI
Monitoring and Analysis of Compensatory Trunk Movements with RGB-D Camera and Wireless System for Rehabilitation of Upper Limbs

Assistive Robotics has been shown to be an important tool in the patient rehabilitation process. The rehabilitation of patients with traditional therapeutic approaches has not achieved results, making therapeutic approaches that use robotics gain more and more strength. With this, a series of new ones can be used in order to assist in the rehabilitation of patients with limited restrictions, especially those who have suffered post-stroke trauma. Stroke patients often use the trunk to compensate for impaired upper limb motor function during upper limb rehabilitation training, or that results in a reduced effect of rehabilitation training. Detecting trunk displacements can improve the effect of rehabilitation training. Therefore, this study aims to use an RGB-D camera to analyze the movement behavior of the trunk of five volunteers, who do not have any type of restriction, in the execution of four predefined movements. The objective is to verify that, even without any type of restriction, the process of executing movements of the trunk to execute movements. In addition, this study proposes a methodology to perform kinematic tracking of trunk movement compensation through the use of a wireless system. The results obtained with the use of the RGB-D camera were satisfactory and were able to prove the existence of compensatory movements even in patients who do not have any type of restriction.
Utilizing Different Types of Synthetic Fabrics as a Cement Reinforcement for Concrete Tile Roofing

This study aims to alleviate the problem of concrete deterioration by introducing a material to be used as a cement reinforcement to concrete roof tiles that will decrease its water absorption percentage, without decreasing its flexural tensile strength score. Five sample groups consisting of four experimental and one control group of downgraded (modified size) flat concrete roof tiles were used for experimentation. The experimental groups were reinforced with equal amounts (15 grams) sand optimal volume ratio. Using the p -value method on Kruskal-Wallis H -test $(\alpha=0.01, N=10, d f=4)$ in both tests, results show that each sample group distribution had no significant difference among the other groups in terms of both test scores. Despite both p -values $(p \approx 0.081)$ falling to the null hypothesis non-rejection region of $p \geq$ 0.01, it may still be observed that all experimental groups scored lower flexural tensile strength and water absorption percentage scores. The results showed the potential of adding nylon to reduce the water absorption of concrete. Nylon-added samples have the least mean percentage of water absorbed and mean flexural tensile strength score while the control group had the highest mean scores on both tests. Consequently, adding synthetic fabrics lessened water absorption and flexural tensile strength scores. It is recommended to consider other properties under the Roofing Tile Association of Australia (RTAA) and to explore if increasing the sample size will show significant differences in the scores across all sample groups.
Validity of Inertial Sensors for Assessing Balance Kinematics and Mobility during Treadmill-Based Perturbation and Dance Training

Inertial sensors (IS) enable the kinematic analysis of human motion with fewer logistical limitations than the silver standard optoelectronic motion capture (MOCAP) system. However, there are no data on the validity of IS for perturbation training and during the performance of dance. The aim of this present study was to determine the concurrent validity of IS in the analysis of kinematic data during slip and trip-like perturbations and during the performance of dance. Seven IS and the MOCAP system were simultaneously used to capture the reactive response and dance movements of fifteen healthy young participants (Age: 18-35 years). Bland Altman (BA) plots, root mean square errors (RMSE), Pearson's correlation coefficients (R), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compare kinematic variables of interest between the two systems for absolute equivalency and accuracy. Limits of agreements (LOA) of the BA plots ranged from -0.23 to 0.56 and -0.21 to 0.43 for slip and trip stability variables, respectively. The RMSE for slip and trip stabilities were from 0.11 to 0.20 and 0.11 to 0.16, respectively. For the joint mobility in dance, LOA varied from -6.98-18.54, while RMSE ranged from 1.90 to 13.06. Comparison of IS and optoelectronic MOCAP system for reactive balance and body segmental kinematics revealed that R varied from 0.59 to 0.81 and from 0.47 to 0.85 while ICC was from 0.50 to 0.72 and 0.45 to 0.84 respectively for slip-trip perturbations and dance. Results of moderate to high concurrent validity of IS and MOCAP systems. These results were consistent with results from similar studies. This suggests that IS are valid tools to quantitatively analyze reactive balance and mobility kinematics during slip-trip perturbation and the performance of dance at any location outside, including the laboratory, clinical and home settings.
Understanding and dealing with stray voltage problems

Stray voltages can cause serious problems in dairy operations and other confinement livestock systems. The sources are varied and their interactions make diagnosis difficult. This paper reviews the problem and presents diagnostic procedures which will help isolate the contributions from various sources. Correction based on the problem sources are described.
Centering Matrices of Domination: Steps Toward a More Intersectional Vocational Psychology:

The present paper responds to calls to integrate a more explicitly intersectional framework and agenda to vocational psychology. We elucidate how several matrices of domination (i.e., interlocking ...
Gametophyte genome activation occurs at pollen mitosis I in maize

Abstract Flowering plants alternate between multicellular haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations. One consequence of this life cycle is that plants face substantial selection during the haploid phase1–3. Pollen actively transcribes its haploid genome4, providing phenotypic diversity even among pollen grains from a single plant. Currently, the timing that pollen precursors first establish this independence is unclear. Starting with an endowment of transcripts from the diploid parent, when do haploid cells generated by meiosis begin to express genes? Here, we follow the shift to haploid expression in maize pollen using allele-specific RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) of single pollen precursors. We observe widespread biallelic expression for 11 days after meiosis, indicating that transcripts synthesized by the diploid sporophyte persist long into the haploid phase. Subsequently, there was a rapid and global conversion to monoallelic expression at pollen mitosis I (PMI), driven by active new transcription from the haploid genome. Genes expressed during the haploid phase showed reduced rates of nonsynonymous relative to synonymous substitutions (dn/ds) if they were expressed after PMI, but not before, consistent with purifying selection acting on the haploid gametophyte. This work establishes the timing with which haploid selection may act in pollen and provides a detailed time-course of gene expression during pollen development.