cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bovine Hereditary Zinc Deficiency: Lethal Trait a 46

Bovine hereditary zinc deficiency, also referred to as Adema disease, is an autosomal recessive disorder which results in inadequate amounts of zinc being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and leads to a number of clinical abnormalities. Using semen from a homozygous affected bull and obligate heterozygote cows in embryo transfer studies, 7 offspring were obtained. These included 5 affected calves and 1 heterozygous carrier; the seventh calf died within 48 hours of birth undiagnosed. One unaffected, unrelated bull calf was raised as a control. All the calves were raised and maintained under similar management conditions designed to minimize secondary complications that would obscure the clinical and biochemical observations of a zinc deficient state. The first clinical manifestation of zinc deficiency was diarrhea, followed by skin lesions, poliosis, and a decreased ability to sustain a suckle reflex. Trace mineral analysis of plasma blood samples revealed that plasma zinc concentrations of all the calves were normal at birth; however, they gradually declined in affected calves over the course of 3-8 weeks postpartum to below 0.5 ppm. Biochemical analysis of serum samples showed alkaline phosphatase activity consistently paralleled changes in the plasma zinc concentrations. The oral administration of zinc acetate caused a reversal of all clinical, biochemical, and histologic abnormalities in affected calves. The study of these affected calves allows further insight into the biological role of zinc as well as provides an animal model for the continued investigation of the human homologue acrodermatitis enteropathica.
Democratic theory in library information science: Toward an emendation

Despite quantities of popular rhetoric, democratic theory holds an aposiopetic place within library and information science (LIS) in both senses of that word: It is both in a stasis holding to basic ideas outlined 200 years ago and also a silence largely maintained. A review of a number of state-of-the-literature reviews make the case that it has not been systematically explored or applied, and most LIS work elides the questions democratic theory raises. It is time to emend this and account for a relevant intellectual source which can more firmly ground LIS practice and research in normative terms. Toward that end, three productive wellsprings of democratic theory are reviewed: Jurgen Habermas, Sheldon Wolin, and those working on democratic education (Amy Gutmann, Richard Brosio, Maxine Greene). The article concludes with an outline of some possible LIS questions and approaches drawn from these democratic theorists. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards a Forensic Analysis for Multimedia Communication Services

No matter how robust the employed security mechanisms are malicious users or attackers will always find a way to bypass them. In addition, National Institute of Security and Technology mentions "In conjunction with appropriate tools & procedures, audit trail can assist in detecting security violation and flaws in applications". Until now, in Multimedia Communication Services (MCS), such as Voice over IP, audit trails are not utilized in security audits due to (a) the lack of the appropriate analysis tools and (b) privacy restrictions. In this paper we report on the analysis of MCS audit trail by employing a novel method for identifying "uncommon" traffic indicating non normal behaviour that does not violate users’ privacy. We rely on entropy theory and the notion of "itself information" to quantify the randomness of specific message segments, and we also introduce the term "actual itself information" for the assessment of entire message randomness. To protect users’ privacy we hash audit trail’s data. For evaluating the applicability of our proposed method we utilize an audit trail of a real MCS provider published by honey pot project. Initial outcomes show the feasibility of employing such a method to recognize "uncommon" traffic, recorded in MCS audit trail.
Storytelling: Improving technical communication through organizational change

Many organizations communicate technical information poorly. Audiences often walk away from presentations not knowing what the key message was and unsure of actions they should take as a result of the briefing. Although successful communication techniques are well known and documented, corporations sometimes have difficulty encouraging their technical staff to use them. This paper describes the results of a four-part communications strategy that was implemented at a large engineering firm. The purpose of the effort was to improve the ability of staff to communicate technical topics to a variety of audiences, and bridge the gap between theory and practice. The strategy consists of developing a clear step-by-step process, followed by training, offering quick turnaround support, and cultivating senior management support.
Absolute phase measurement for broadband collinear Raman generation

We use collinear Raman generation in cooled hydrogen and obtain a wide comb of equidistant frequencies spanning over an octave of bandwidth. We adjust the frequencies to be commensurate and observe an f-to-2f interference.
Multilayer microwave filter design using a locally implicit discontinuous Galerkin finite-element time-domain (DG-FETD) method

A design of a multilayer microwave filter with electrical small parts is presented in this paper using an efficient implementation of locally implicit discontinuous Galerkin finite element time domain method (LIDG-FETD). Discontinuous Galerkin's method allows the division of the model in several domains, with a reduction of the total number of unknowns by using unstructured meshes. Furthermore, in order to get an unconditionally stable (arbitrary Δt) and efficient time stepping algorithm, the implicit Crank-Nicolson method with block successive over relaxation (CN-BSOR) was implemented. Accurate and fast results were obtained respect to commercial software.
Severity, Extent and Persistence of Spatial Yield Variation in Production Fields in the SE US Coastal Plain

In the US SE Coastal Plain, adoption of site-specific farming has lagged behind that in the upper Midwest. While reasons for this may be both social and economic, it appears that the importance of the problem represented by yield variation on production fields needs to be quantified before adoption would be considered by many farm operators. Our objective was to document the severity, extent and persistence of yield variation for corn, wheat and soybean during normal production in this region. Farmer combines were fitted with commercial yield monitors to produce yield maps. Corn, wheat and soybean yields were mapped for three years on more than 4900 ha (12,000 acres). For each cooperator, crop and year, summary statistics and cumulative yield distribution functions were also developed. Yield maps showed that substantial areas had yields either well below or above the mean for the cooperator-crop-year. For instance, 25% of Cooperator A’s area had corn yields more than 30% below the mean yield of 5.06 Mg/ha and another 25% had yields more than 31% above that mean, which indicate the severity of yield variation. Variation from county to county had no consistent difference indicating that the extent of the variation is widespread. Variation was also persistent from year to year, with more than 50% of the area in 15 of 17 fields having stable yields relative to the field mean. These data show the potential importance of variable-rate management in the region and also hint at the potential environmental implications.
Surface energy and carbon dioxide fluxes above different vegetation types within ABLE

Nineteen months of continuous data from two sites within the atmospheric boundary layer experiments (ABLE) facility are used to compare surface energy fluxes, carbon dioxide fluxes and controlling parameters. One site, which has been monitored continuously since 1997, is rangeland, with a mixture of C3 and C4 grasses. The other site is active cropland that was planted in sorghum for the first growing season of the observation period and in winter wheat for the second. The uptake of carbon dioxide was well-defined within the respective growing seasons, with peak uptake rates for sorghum being greater by almost a factor of 2 than those for wheat and rangeland. The longer growing season for rangeland almost countered this effect. Net production of carbon dioxide occurred at both sites at the beginning and end of the growing seasons because of root growth respiration and enhanced decay of tilled soil.
A Bayesian Population Model with Hierarchical Mixture Priors Applied to Blood Count Data

Abstract Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies require analyzing nonlinear growth curves fit to multiple measurements from study subjects. We propose a class of nonlinear population models with nonparametric second-stage priors for analyzing such data. The proposed models apply a flexible class of mixtures to implement the nonparametric second stage. The discussion is based on a pharmacodynamic study involving longitudinal data consisting of hematologic profiles (i.e., blood counts measured over time) of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We describe a full posterior analysis in a Bayesian framework. This includes prediction of future observations (profiles and end points for new patients), estimation of the mean response function for observed individuals, and inference on population characteristics. The mixture model is specified and given a hyperprior distribution by means of a Dirichlet processes prior on the mixing measure. Estimation is implemented by a combination of various M...
The Impact of School Resource Officer Interaction on Students’ Feelings About School and School Police:

School resource officer (SRO) programs that place sworn law enforcement officers at schools are a popular violence prevention strategy. Despite widespread implementation, little is known about the impact of interacting with these officers on students’ attitudes about SROs and feelings of school connectedness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of SRO interaction on the attitudes and feelings of 1,956 middle and high school students at 12 schools in one school district. Multivariate analyses showed that more SRO interactions increased students’ positive attitudes about SROs yet decreased school connectedness. Overall, the results suggested a complex relationship between SRO interactions, students’ attitudes, and experiences with school violence. The implications of these results and strategies for how officers can contribute to a positive school environment are discussed.
Exit of catheter lock solutions from double lumen acute haemodialysis catheters—an in vitro study

Background. Double lumen dialysis catheters are routinely heparin or citrate ‘locked’ to maintain patency. Heparin lock-related bleeding episodes and antibiotic lock-related toxicity have been reported. The aim of this study is to quantify the amount of leak during ‘lock’ procedures and to compare leakage for different double lumen dialysis catheters. Methods. In an experimental, in vitro study at a University research laboratory, five different double lumen dialysis catheters were tested using three different lock volumes. Results. Using the catheter flush volume, leak ratios for Flexxicon II 15 cm and 20 cm catheters were greater than that seen in the Arrow 16 cm catheter (P < 0.05). Using 20% less than the catheter flush volume, the Flexxicon II TM 20 cm catheter had greater leak than the Duo-flow 15 and 20 cm catheters and Arrow 16 cm catheter (P < 0.05). The Flexxicon II TM 15 cm catheter had greater leak than the Duo-flow 15 cm and Duo-flow 20 cm catheters with 20% less locking volume (P < 0.05). Using 20% greater than the catheter flush volume, the Duo-flow 20 cm catheter had significantly less leak ratio than the Flexxicon II TM 20 cm catheter (P < 0.05). There were no other significant differences in leak ratios between the catheters. Conclusion. All double lumen dialysis catheters we tested have a substantial amount of leak even when the catheter ‘lock’ volumes were used, and leak ratio increases significantly with 20% overfill. There is a leak even when using 20% less ‘lock’ volume. The amount of leak can be clinically important and may explain the reports of bleeding episodes after heparin lock and antibiotic toxicity after antibiotic and anticoagulant combination lock. Some devices have lower leak ratios than others, likely related to catheter design.
Frequency of Bathing in the Management of Atopic Dermatitis To Bathe or Not to Bathe

Background. Atopic dermatitis prevalence has increased in the developed world in recent decades, and effective management is vital to improve patients’ quality of life. Methods. A prospective, randomized, case-control study with a purposive sample of 28 children, aged 6 months to 10 years, diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Participants received bathing instructions to be followed either daily or twice a week, with a follow-up duration of 2 weeks. Improvement of symptoms over time was measured using the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) tool. Results. Overall symptoms decreased significantly at follow-up compared with baseline (difference = 5.0938, confidence interval = 0.2116 to 9.9759) but the differences in scores before and after interventions were not statistically significant between the groups (difference = −1.0937, confidence interval = −5.9759 to 3.7884). Conclusions. The frequency of bathing did not seem to play an important role in the management of atopic dermatitis. Clinicians should focus on...
Functional implementation techniques for CPU cache memories

As the performance gap between processors and main memory continues to widen, increasingly aggressive implementations of cache memories are needed to bridge the gap. In this paper, we consider some of the issues that are involved in the implementation of highly optimized cache memories and survey the techniques that can be used to help achieve the increasingly stringent design targets and constraints of modern processors. In particular, we consider techniques that enable the cache to be accessed quickly and still achieve a good hit ratio. We also consider issues such as area cost and bandwidth requirements. Trace-driven simulations of a TPC-C-like workload and selected applications from the SPEC95 benchmark suite are used in the paper to compare the performance of some of the techniques.
Local likelihood modeling of temporal text streams

Temporal text data is often generated by a time-changing process or distribution. Such a drift in the underlying distribution cannot be captured by stationary likelihood techniques. We consider the application of local likelihood methods to generative and conditional modeling of temporal document sequences. We examine the asymptotic bias and variance and present an experimental study using the RCV1 dataset containing a temporal sequence of Reuters news stories.
Simultaneous measurements of fiber dispersion and nonlinearities using pulse phase measurements

The upgrading of existing communication systems to wavelength-division multiplexing and high-speed time-division multiplexing systems has focused attention on the effects of fiber nonlinearities. We show that both linear and nonlinear fiber parameters can be measured by observing phase changes in optical pulses propagating through the test fiber. In particular, the method is illustrated on standard Corning SMF-28 and the measured values are within 100% of nominal values with a standard deviation of 4%. The method consists of characterizing the intensity and phase of a reference pulse both at the input and the output of the fiber. By comparing the measured phases with the calculated phases the fiber parameters are determined.
Physiological adaptations of coccinellidae to supranivean and subnivean hibernacula

Abstract The supranivean hibernaculum of Hippodamia convergens allows exposure of this species to fluctuating temperatures and humidities. Correspondingly, H. convergens is resistant to desiccation, maintains cold-hardiness independent of temperature, and responds to warm acclimation with a reduced respiration rate. Beneath the snow, Coleomegilla maculata is maintained at a constant temperature and high humidity. Warm acclimation in this species results in a loss of cold-hardiness and an increase in respiration rate. This response suggests a transition from an energy-conserving metabolic state associated with overwintering to one of energy expenditure as the beetles prepare for summer feeding and reproduction.
Regulation of the Chlamydomonas Cell Cycle by a Stable, Chromatin-Associated Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Complex

We examined the cell cycle dynamics of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein complex in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that has single homologs for each subunit—RB, E2F, and DP. We found that Chlamydomonas RB (encoded by MAT3) is a cell cycle–regulated phosphoprotein, that E2F1-DP1 can bind to a consensus E2F site, and that all three proteins interact in vivo to form a complex that can be quantitatively immunopurified. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed the formation of a ternary complex between MAT3, DP1, and E2F1 that requires a C-terminal motif in E2F1 analogous to the RB binding domain of plant and animal E2Fs. We examined the abundance of MAT3/RB and E2F1-DP1 in highly synchronous cultures and found that they are synthesized and remain stably associated throughout the cell cycle with no detectable fraction of free E2F1-DP1. Consistent with their stable association, MAT3/RB and DP1 are constitutively nuclear, and MAT3/RB does not require DP1-E2F1 for nuclear localization. In the nucleus, MAT3/RB remains bound to chromatin throughout the cell cycle, and its chromatin binding is mediated through E2F1-DP1. Together, our data show that E2F-DP complexes can regulate the cell cycle without dissociation of their RB-related subunit and that other changes may be sufficient to convert RB-E2F-DP from a cell cycle repressor to an activator.
Neoliberalism and the Transformation of Populism in Latin America: The Peruvian Case

Latin American populism is generally associated with the developmental stage of import substitution industrialization; it is thus widely presumed to have been eclipsed by the debt crisis of the 1980s and the free market reforms of the neoliberal era. However, the leadership of Alberto Fujimori in Peru suggests that new forms of populism may be emerging despite the fiscal constraints of neoliberal austerity. This new variant of populism thrives in a context where economic crisis and social dislocation undermine traditional representative institutions, enabling personalist leaders to establish unmediated relationships with heterogeneous, atomized masses. Political support can be cultivated through populist attacks on entrenched political elites or institutions, along with targeted but highly visible poverty alleviation programs. This new form of populist autocracy complements the efforts of neoliberal technocrats to circumvent the representative institutions that are integral to democratic accountability. The Peruvian case thus demonstrates that populism has been transformed rather than eclipsed during the neoliberal era and that it should be decoupled theoretically from any particular phase or model of economic development.
Inhibition of infectious human herpesvirus 8 production by gamma interferon and alpha interferon in BCBL-1 cells.

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is aetiologically linked to Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. Although interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are both antiviral cytokines, IFN-α blocks entry of HHV-8 into the lytic phase, whereas IFN-γ induces an increase in the percentage of cells undergoing lytic replication. Multiple events in the lytic cascade must be completed to produce infectious virus. The ability of both types of IFN to affect the production of infectious virus was explored. Both IFN-α and IFN-γ induced expression of the antiviral proteins double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and 2′5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (2′5′-OAS) in HHV-8-infected BCBL-1 cells. Higher levels resulted from incubation with IFN-α than with IFN-γ, whereas IFN-γ induced higher levels of IRF-1 than did IFN-α. IFN-γ induced a minor increase in lytic viral gene expression, which was not accompanied by a detectible increase in infectious virus. When lytic replication of HHV-8 was induced using TPA, high levels of infectious virus appeared in the conditioned medium. When IFN-γ was present during TPA stimulation, the production of infectious virus was reduced by at least a 60 %, and IFN-α fully blocked TPA-induced production of infectious virus. The greater reduction of viral production that occurred with IFN-α is consistent with the higher levels of the antiviral proteins PKR and 2′5′-OAS induced by IFN-α than by IFN-γ. These studies indicate that the augmentation of cellular antiviral defences by IFN-γ was sufficient to prevent production of infectious virus despite IFN-γ-induced entry of some cells into the lytic phase of HHV-8 replication.
Pharmacokinetics of salicylate in man.

(1979). Pharmacokinetics of Salicylate in Man. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 3-19.
Mycobacterium fortuitum Osteomyelitis in a Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant Recipient

Mycobacterium fortuitum is an uncommon, but well-recognized, pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, with special predilection for bone and soft tissue infections in solid organ transplant recipients. We describe a case of osteomyelitis due to this pathogen in a peripheral blood stem cell transplant recipient.
Tipping the Scales: Snyder v. Phelps and the Balance Struggle

Beginning as early as 1791, First Amendment speech rights have been enshrined as integral foundational principles in America. In recognition of the deeply held American commitment to free speech, the Supreme Court has zealously protected free speech, even in cases where the speech was provocative or even downright offensive. However, over the years, the Supreme Court has also recognized that the right to free speech is not unfettered.Over time, the Supreme Court has carved out several categories of speech that are either unprotected or less protected, including speech inciting illegal activity, fighting words, and obscenity. Despite using relatively broad strokes at times in order to illustrate the full spectrum of free speech rights, the Court often runs into problematic scenarios where in free speech rights clash with other important interests or values.The Westboro Baptist Church (“Westboro”), led by Fred W. Phelps Sr., challenges the boundaries of free speech rights, picketing at the funerals of military personnel primarily in condemnation of American tolerance of homosexuality. The conflict over funeral picketing brings to the forefront a clash between free speech rights and a family’s ability to pay their last respects, grieving for the departed. Understandably the families and friends of military personnel vehemently oppose Phelps’ protests, and consequently a flurry of both state and federal statutes spawned attempting to restrict funeral picketing. However, these laws do not provide adequate protection for mourners from the outlandish tactics of Westboro.Recently, in Snyder v. Phelps, a federal district court held Phelps and the Westboro Baptist Church liable for a number of torts relating to disruption of a funeral. On appeal, the Fourth Circuit reversed, finding Phelps’ speech “distasteful and repugnant,” but nevertheless protected by the First Amendment. Recognizing the conflict percolating in the lower courts regarding the constitutionality of legislation regulating funeral picketing, the Supreme Court granted certiorari.Part II of this Comment outlines the factual background and district court proceedings pertaining to present litigation between Albert Snyder and the Westboro Baptist Church. Part III of First Amendment jurisprudence. Part III discusses the Westboro Baptist Church’s beginnings and subsequent clashes with both federal and state legislatures. Part IV chronicles Westboro’s appeal and the Fourth Circuit’s subsequent reversal of a district court ruling in favor of Albert Snyder. Part V analyzes Supreme Court precedent providing protections to speech in the face of tort liability. Part VI explores some of the possible avenues the Supreme Court may travel down in establishing a new rule to protect mourners. Part VII offers a prediction regarding the Court’s upcoming ruling. Finally, this Comment concludes by reflecting upon the interests at stake, and which way the scales of justice – at least based on the Supreme Court’s precedent – will tip.
Atomic Insight into the W-Doping Effect on Carrier Dynamics and Photoelectrochemical Properties of BiVO4 Photoanodes

BiVO4 has become the top candidate for photoanode materials in the light-driven water-splitting reaction. However, its overall efficiency for water splitting still remains well below its theoretical limit. Further development of these materials has been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning key factors that guide the carrier transport and separation. In this work, we report the effect of W doping on the electronic structure, carrier dynamics, and photocurrent performance of BiVO4 photoanode. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we show that the dopants occupy the V sites, which leads to the reduced Bi-ligand distances and less distorted local structure at Bi center. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that doping altered the hole traps significantly, which inhibits carrier recombination and increases the electron lifetime in the doped film. Compared to the undoped BiVO4 film, the photocurrent of the doped film shows a significant increase while limited difference of photocurrents unde...
Gender Differences in Delay of Gratification: A Meta-Analysis

A series of meta-analyses were conducted to test Bjorklund and Kipp's hypothesis that due to selection pressures operating during evolution, women and girls are better able than men and boys to delay gratification (Bjorklund & Kipp, 1996). A total of 38 effect sizes were derived from 33 studies in which participants made one or more choices between a small (or less preferred) immediate reward and a large (or more preferred) delayed reward. Overall, there was a small female advantage (r = .058). Further analyses revealed that the female advantage was larger when continuous measures (r = .096) rather than dichotomous measures were used (r = .021). No evidence was found for the gender gap changing systematically with age. Discussion focuses primarily on alternative explanations for the gender difference found here. Consideration is also given to how the female advantage in delay of gratification might be reflected in real-life situations.
Lovastatin induces apoptosis in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line in association with RB down-regulation and loss of the G1 checkpoint

To develop a new approach to the treatment of primitive neuroectodermal tumors we evaluated the effect of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin on the Ewing's sarcoma cell line CHP-100. Lovastatin induced neural morphology and markers including neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament protein. The acquisition of neural morphology required new mRNA synthesis, and cDNA microarray analysis confirmed that lovastatin altered the program of gene expression. After morphologic differentiation the cells underwent rapidly progressive apoptosis. In normal development of neuronal progenitors, differentiation signals trigger p21WAF1 accumulation, RB hypophosphorylation, enhanced RB-E2F-1 association, and G1 arrest, and these events have been shown to protect from apoptosis. In contrast, in the Ewing's sarcoma cells lovastatin triggered differentiation without causing cell cycle arrest: p21WAF1 was not induced, RB remained hyperphosphorylated, and RB protein expression and RB-E2F-1 association were markedly downregulated, suggesting that loss of an RB-regulated G1 checkpoint promoted apoptosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, adenoviral p21WAF1 decreased DNA synthesis and partially protected from lovastatin-induced cytotoxicity. The data demonstrate a new model for examining the genetic regulation of cell fate in a neural progenitor tumor and suggest a new approach to the treatment of this neoplasm.
CONES, K-CYCLES OF LINEAR OPERATORS, AND PROBLEM B4 ON THE 1993 PUTNAM COMPETITION

We will present a simple "geometric" solution to this problem which, unlike the solution presented in [3], lends itself naturally to generalization. We believe that the process is an interesting exercise in abstraction-discovering the true essence of a specific problem and exploiting it to obtain a far more general result. For example, in addition to solving Problem B4, the theorem that we will present also implies the following result:
Collective Singing in Romanian Fascism

ABSTRACTThe Romanian fascist group known as the Legion of the Archangel Michael, or the Iron Guard, made extensive use of collective singing to articulate its ideology and to create a sense of group unity. This article examines legionary music and the contexts in which legionaries sang to show how fascist social movements used culture to mobilize people behind their cause. Fascist music initially drew on folk roots as well as a genre of patriotic anthems learned in school and in the army. Once the Legion became stronger and more self-confident, these songs developed into a unique fascist style written by professional poets and composers.
A record of uranium-series transport at Nopal I, Sierra Peña Blanca, Mexico: Implications for natural uranium deposits and radioactive waste repositories

Abstract Studies of uranium-series (U-series) disequilibria within and around ore deposits provide valuable information on the extent and timing of actinide mobility, via mineral-fluid interaction, over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Such information is useful in studies of analogs of high-level nuclear-waste repositories, as well as for mining and mineral extraction sites, locations of previous nuclear weapons testing, and legacy nuclear waste contamination. In this study we present isotope dilution mass spectrometry U-series measurements for fracture-fill materials (hematite, goethite, kaolinite, calcite, dolomite and quartz) from one such analog; the Nopal I uranium ore deposit situated at Pena Blanca in the Chihuahua region of northern Mexico. The ore deposit is located in fractured, unsaturated volcanic tuff and fracture-fill materials from surface fractures as well as fractures in a vertical drill core have been analyzed. High uranium concentrations in the fracture-fill materials (between 12 and 7700 ppm) indicate uranium mobility and transport from the deposit. Uranium concentrations generally decrease with horizontal distance away from the deposit but in this deposit there is no trend with depth below the surface. Isotopic activity ratios, 238U–234U-230Th–232Th linear age trends, and U-Th-Pa model ages indicate an actinide mobility evolution that can be characterized as complex and varied. There is evidence of both open and closed system behavior for uranium, depending on both sample and time-scale. The 234U/238U activity ratios indicate U mobility from 1.2–0.2 Ma. In the last 0.2 Ma there is isotopic evidence for some U mobility but mostly U immobility. In almost all cases the Th‐Pa radionuclides studied here have been immobile for the past 200 ka. Radium appears to have been recently (0.1–8 ka) mobile due to ongoing fluid flow in the fractures. Overall, the mainly closed system behavior for U-Th-Pa over the past ~ 200 ka provides an indicator of the geochemical immobility of these actinides over time-scales relevant for potential nuclear waste repositories situated in fractured, unsaturated tuff.
Scaffolding Complex Learning: Integrating 21st Century Thinking, Emerging Technologies, and Dynamic Design and Assessment to Expand Learning and Communication Opportunities:

Enhanced ways of thinking about learners, learning, and communication in the 21st century across content areas coupled with technologies that can extend the outreach beyond text, time, and geograph...
Diagnostic Criteria for the Characterization of Electrode Reactions with Chemical Reactions Following Electron Transfer by Cyclic Square Wave Voltammetry

Abstract Theory for cyclic square wave voltammetry of electrode reactions with coupled chemical reactions following the electron transfer is presented. Theoretical voltammograms were calculated following systematic variation of empirical parameters to assess their impact on the shape of the voltammogram. From the trends obtained, diagnostic criteria for this mechanism were deduced. When properly applied, these criteria will enable non-experts in voltammetry to assign the electrode reaction mechanism and accurately measure reaction kinetics.
Youth Identities in a Digital Age: The Anchoring Role of Friends in Young People’s Approaches to Online Identity Expression

Adolescence has long been viewed in Western cultures as a period of individual self-searching. Newly aware of a world beyond their immediate sphere of experience, youth begin to contemplate what role (or roles) they will assume, how they will be recognised by others, and what contributions they will make to society. In our rapidly changing, interconnected, and technological world, the number of roles open to today’s generation of youth has never been greater. Digital media technologies, in particular, have expanded adolescents’ range of self-expression, as well as the potential audiences for those expressions.
Nanowire phase change memory (PCM) technologies: principles, fabrication and characterization techniques

Abstract: This chapter reviews the various strategies for scaling down phase change materials to improve device performance. It reviews the advantages of phase change nanowires (PC-NWs), top-down and bottom-up fabrication processes and characterisation techniques; technological aspects are also considered. Special focus is placed on the self-assembly of NWs by the vapour-liquid-solid mechanisms, including metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. The compositional and structural analysis of NWs is reviewed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Networks Derived from Soybean-Oil-Based Cyclic Carbonates and Bioderivable Diamines

Nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) thermoset networks were produced from a novel soybean-oil-derived poly(vinyl ether) (i.e., poly[(2-vinyoxy)ethyl soyate]) possessing cyclic carbonate functional groups in the fatty acid ester side chains of the polymer. Three different linear aliphatic diamines, namely, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, and 1,13-tridecanediamine, were used to cross-link the cyclic carbonate-functional poly[(2-vinyoxy)ethyl soyate] [C-poly(2-VOES)]. All three of these diamines can be readily obtained from renewable resources. For comparison purposes, analogous NIPU networks were produced using cyclic carbonate-functional soybean oil (CSBO) in place of the C-poly(2-VOES). The chemical, thermal, viscoelastic, and mechanical properties of the six NIPU networks were characterized. With regard to the chemical nature of the soy-based, carbonate-functional component, it was found that the polymeric nature of C-poly(2-VOES) resulted in very different NIPU properties compared to analogou...
Digitizing the Ivan Doig Archive at Montana State University: a rise to the challenge illustrates creative tension

ABSTRACTThis article contextualizes the leadership concept of creative tension by describing the acquisition, processing and digitization of the Ivan Doig Archive at the Montana State University Library. The project is framed as an illustration of strategies that can generate and sustain momentum toward achieving ambitious goals while building staff confidence. Perspectives from library staff and faculty who worked on the project are included alongside the view of the dean and an external organizational development manager.
The role of contextual frequency in the articulation of initial /f/ in Modern Spanish: The same effect as in the reduction of Latin /f/?

The acoustic energy of 996 tokens of word-initial /f/ in the speech of 38 speakers of Mexican Spanish was analyzed. The results suggest that the frequency with which words occur in phonological contexts favorable to reduction (Frequency in a Reducing Context or FRC) conditions the reduction of /f/, even after taking into account the immediate phonological context. Despite this, it is also found that the conditioning effect of FRC is less robust than the influence of the immediate phonological context, thus confirming the preeminence in these data of the online articulatory factors in comparison to the usage-based frequency factors.
Controlling Tropical Deforestation: An Analysis of Alternative Policies

Vietnam's gains in poverty reduction between 1992 and 1998 were striking, and the country's impressive growth has been fairly broad-based. Households that have benefited most are well-educated, urban, white-collar households, while agricultural workers, ethnic minorities, and those residing in poorer regions have progressed least. Glewwe, Gragnolati, and Zaman assess the extent to which Vietnam's rapid economic growth in the 1990s was accompanied by reductions in poverty. They also investigate factors that contribute to certain households benefiting more than others. Using information from two household surveys, the Vietnam Living Standards Surveys (VNLSS) for 1992-93 and 1997-98, they show that Vietnam's gains in poverty reduction were striking during this period and that the country's impressive growth has been fairly broad-based. After discussing descriptive statistics for both years, the authors examine factors contributing to poverty reduction using both simple decomposition analysis and a multinomial logit model. The results show that: Returns to education increased significantly during this period, particularly for higher levels of education. Location significantly affected a household's probability of escaping poverty during this period. Urban households enjoyed a greater reduction in poverty than did rural households, and households residing in the Red River Delta and the southeast were also better able to take advantage of new opportunities. White-collar households benefited most, and agricultural laborers the least. However, Vietnam cannot afford to be complacent, as nearly half its rural population lives below the poverty line, poverty rates among ethnic minorities remain very high, and natural calamities are a serious impediment to poverty reduction. This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the dynamics of poverty.
Homeopathic Treatment of Infertility: A Medical and Bioethical Perspective

Homoeopathy has a significant clinical history tracing its roots back to the ancient physician Hippocrates In the last years it has surged in popularity among those seeking alternative forms of medical treatment Countering this increase in popularity some recent meta analyses have suggested that the therapeutic claims of homeopathy lack scientific justification A popular area of homeopathic application is infertility In this paper we review the homeopathic approach and the bioethical implications to infertility and propose that monitoring the effects of homeopathic remedies on infertile women may be as effective method to assess the efficacy of this form of alternative medicine
Laboratory Models for the Biogenesis of Indole Alkaloids

In an earl ter discussion, we described some useful techniques for the study of Indole alkaloid biosynthesis based mainly on relatively short term Incubations (5 min — 7 days)1. The problems presented by strychnine biosynthesis tn Stryohnos nucc-vomioa called for the adoption of another variant in the methodology of reaching the site of biosynthesis in a higher plant, i.e. long-term incubation. Since this approach might be useful in other studies we begin our discussion with a description of these experiments. The delineation of the major pathway to the indole alkaloids having reached a fairly advanced stage, we have undertaken a systematic investigation of the biogenetic-type synthesis of all of the major classes of alkaloid, starting with and as far as possible retaining Nature’s own intermediates throughout. The following account of our researches and complementary studies by other workers in the field indicates the state of the art of this endeavor and at the same time hopefully points the way to further biochemical experiments. We also comment on the relevance of these studies for chemotaxonomy and for the enzymology of alkaloid biosynthesis.
The Racialized Body of the Educator and the Ethic of Hospitality: The Potential for Social Justice Education Re-visited

Derridean hospitality is seen to undergird ethical teacher–student interactions. However, hospitality is marked by three aporias that signal incommensurable and irreducible ways of being and responding that need to be held together in tension without eventual synthesis. Due to the sociopolitical materiality of race and the phenomenological difference that constitutes racialized bodies, educators of color in interaction with white students are called to live the aporetic tensions that characterize hospitality in distinctive ways that are not currently emphasized in the discourse on the educator’s responsibility as it is informed by an ethic of hospitality. The asymmetrical nature of hospitality is reconfigured through the terms of eros and hospitality’s link to education aimed at social justice is posited to be stronger than is currently suggested in the educational theory literature.
To Boldly Go

Beginning in 1966 and including every episode but its pilot, the famous Star Trek tag line “to boldly go where no man has gone before” has become synonymous with the now iconic television show.[1][1] The tag was altered only in 1987 in a gender-neutral nod with the modification of “to boldy go
Androgen Regulation of HBGF-I (aFGF) mRNA and Characferization of the Androgen-Receptor mRNA in the Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line-LNCaP/A-Dep

A low serum media was developed for growing LNCaP/A-dep cells. It was demonstrated that testosterone at 10-9M can stimulate growth 5-fold. The anti-androgens, cyproterone acetate and hydroxyflutamide, also stimulates growth of LNCaP/A-dep cells at an optimum concentration of 10-7M. Estradiol 17β stimulates growth at an optimum concentration of 10-8M. Both aFGF/HBGF-I and EGF have an additive affect on growth when added together with androgen, anti-androgens or estrogen. By Northern analysis and in situ hybridization the steady state level of aFGF/HBGF-I mRNA is increased 5-20 x after a 72 hr to 5 day treatment with testosterone (10-8M), RI881 (10-8M) or estradiol 17β, either in the presence or absence of EGF. A cDNA to LNCaP/A-dep aFGF /HBGF-I mRNA was isolated and shown to be identical to the normal human aFGF /HBGF-I in the coding region. The unusual positive growth response of LNCaP/Adep cells to anti-androgens and estradiol-17β suggested that the androgen receptor may be altered in these prostate carcinoma cells. Several cDNA (AR) clones to the LNCaP/A-dep androgen receptor were isolated and the DNA sequence was determined. A point mutation in the steroid binding domain at amino acid 877 converts a threonine to an alanine in the LNCaP/A-dep AR. This mutation was confirmed by PCR techniques and sequencing the relevant region in LNCaP/A-dep DNA and normal human liver DNA. The role the Thr to Ala mutation plays in steroid-dependent transactivation is now being tested by co-transfection of wild-type AR and LNCaP/A-dep AR expression vectors with MMTV-CAT and rat SVS IV-CAT reporter genes.
Systemic Barriers to Family Involvement in Transition Planning for Youth with Disabilities: A Qualitative Metasynthesis

Family involvement is particularly important to the postschool success of young adults with disabilities who typically experience fewer education and employment opportunities after leaving high school than their same age peers without disabilities. Despite mandates for family involvement, school-home partnerships remain elusive, particularly for low-income and culturally and linguistically diverse families. This metasynthesis of findings from 22 qualitative studies examines family perceptions of barriers to transition from school to adulthood and involvement in transition planning. This metasynthesis adds to the literature on family involvement in special education by utilizing Bourdeuian social reproduction theory and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to frame the discussion and inform recommendations for research and practice that focus on schools and adult service systems rather than deficiencies in families.
“Triggering” Understanding in a Kodály Present:

Triggers can be used in PowerPoint to start animations, but they can also be paired with other images to help make these images appear in a random order. This allows the teacher to begin where stud...
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults

Growth Hormone Assessment in Adults Growth hormone synthesis and physiology are discussed in the context of recombinant growth hormone use in adults. Growth hormone assessment in adults with possib...
American Spheres, British Zones, and the “Special Relationship”

This chapter focuses on Anglo-American relations in the 1940s and 1950s, specifically as expressed in news cartography. The perceived “special relationship” between the two nations is questioned in light of the notable differences in their respective worldviews as confirmed by cartographic imagery. A brief postwar period of American isolationism was expressed in map projections that portrayed the US-dominated Western Hemisphere as an isolated region. Meanwhile, the dark news of a crumbling postwar British Empire, coupled with Churchill’s passionate 1946 plea for direct American aid, fostered an era of British maps designed to rally Anglo-American unity and trade cooperation. Much discussion in this chapter is dedicated to the process of Cold War geopolitical polarization and how that process differed in each nation’s news maps, in terms of both rate of production and heightened political rhetoric.
Addressing the Embeddability Problem in Transition Rate Estimation

Markov State Models (MSM) and related techniques have gained significant traction as a tool for analyzing and guiding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations due to their ability to extract structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic information on proteins using computationally feasible MD simulations. The MSM analysis often relies on spectral decomposition of empirically generated transition matrices. Here, we discuss an alternative approach for extracting the thermodynamic and kinetic information from the so-called rate/generator matrix rather than the transition matrix. Although the rate matrix is itself built from the empirical transition matrix, it provides an alternative approach for estimating both thermodynamic and kinetic quantities, particularly in diffusive processes. We particularly discuss a fundamental issue with this approach, known as the embeddability problem and offer ways to address this issue. We describe six different methods to overcome the embeddability problem. We use a one-dimensional toy model to show the workings of these methods and discuss the robustness of each method in terms of its dependence in lag time and trajectory length.