cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructural analysis of novel Gd2Ti2O7 thin films processed via sputter deposition

Abstract Complex oxides, such as Gd2Ti2O7, are potential candidates for energy-transport materials in advanced technological applications and nuclear waste forms. Microstructural features such as crystallinity and interface structure ultimately determine the transport characteristics in these materials. In the present study, a microstructural analysis was completed by transmission electron microscopy of Gd2Ti2O7 thin films exposed to different synthesis conditions to determine these conditions' effects on the resultant morphology. The Gd2Ti2O7 thin films were prepared by a sputter-deposition technique using Ar and O2 mixed process gas. The film structure was found to be sensitive to process gas pressure and substrate temperature during sputtering based on two different choices in process gas pressures and four different choices in substrate temperatures. Amorphous Gd2Ti2O7 thin films with a unique, dyadic void network were synthesized at substrate temperatures at and below 600 °C and relatively low process gas pressures of 2.7 Pa. Single crystal Gd2Ti2O7 thin films were synthesized at 800 °C and 4 Pa. While the temperature-dependent film morphology that was observed has been seen in a number of other systems, this is the first report generalizing this behavior to complex oxides. The resultant thin film morphologies are rationalized via an adatom mobility description.
Engineering cellular symphonies out of transcriptional noise.

Development unfolds through a series of orchestrated spatial and temporal gene-expression patterns. Despite relying on the noisy process of transcription, expression patterns remain robust to myriad disturbances. To achieve the goal of building complex tissues from the bottom up, synthetic biology must learn how to buffer and harness transcriptional noise. Johnstone and Galloway contend that, to support complex patterning within engineered tissues, synthetic biology should be able to manage transcriptional noise.
iCAAP: information-Centric network Architecture for Application-specific Prioritization in Smart Grid

The smart grid is equipped with bi-directional information flow between its devices, aiming at automation, improved stability, resilience, and robust security. However, enabling effective and reliable communication in a smart grid is a challenging task. The majority of the proposed networking architectures fall short in addressing the key aspects of smart grid communication, including device heterogeneity, protocols and standards interoperability, and particularly application qualityof-service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we propose iCAAP, an information-centric, QoSaware network architecture that aims to satisfy the low latency, high bandwidth, and high reliability requirements of smart grid communications. In iCAAP, we categorize smart grid traffic (emanating from diverse applications) into three priority classes to enable preferential treatment of traffic flows. Our simulation results demonstrate the higher scalability of iCAAP in satisfying the stringent requirements of high priority traffic compared to the state-of-the-art.
Welcome Aboard: A Program for Improving the New Hire Experience for Academic Librarians

New hire orientation often consists of a checklist of tasks but does little to integrate a new employee to the organization. Previous research indicates that organizational socialization is key to successful onboarding, but few models exist for libraries to support this aspect of a new hire’s experience. This article shares an onboarding program adopted by one academic library and discusses the results of an assessment of the new program for newly hired librarians. Findings indicate that a structured onboarding program can improve organizational socialization during a librarian’s first months on the job.
Photochemistry of bromoacetylene - Formation of HBr and quenching of excited Br/4 2P 0 1/2/

The photolysis of bromacetylene is examined by means of vacuum ultraviolet flash photolysis-kinetic spectroscopy, with attention given to the production of Br atoms in the 2P 0 3/2 and 2P 0 1/2 states, the production of HBr, and UV absorption attributable to the ethynyl radical. Although Br(2P 0 1/2) and Br(2P 0 3/2) were both directly observed at the shortest delay time after the flash, strongly indicating the presence of the ethynyl radical, transient absorption by C2H was not detected in the range 125 to 180 nm. Quenching rate constants for the decay of the 2P 0 1/2 state of Br, which is observed to form concurrently with the ground state, are derived for quenching by He, CH2Br, CF4, and D2 from the pseudo-first-order decay rates. HBr was observed as a secondary photolysis product, and a model of its formation by the exothermic reaction of ground-state atoms with C2HBR, coupled with the secondary production of Br atoms, is found to agree well with the experiment.
Simulationsuntersuchung zu Verfahren der Werkstattsteuerung

Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung war die kontroverse Diskussion um die Eignung der Belastungsorientierten Auftragsfreigabe (BOAF) fur den Fall typischer Werkstattfertigung mit Montageprozessen und wechselnden Engpassen [1, 2, 3]. Anhand mehrerer Fertigungsstrukturen, insbesondere der in [1] betrachteten Situation, wurden verschiedene Steuerungs-verfahren verglichen, die sich in den Merkmalen Schatzung der Durchlaufzeiten fur die Terminierung (feste Werte; vergangenheitsorientiert; Warteschlangen-theoretisch) Regeln zur Auftragsfreigabe (insbesondere BOAF) Prioritatsregeln unterscheiden.
New HER2-directed therapies for breast cancer. Commentary re: C. I. Spiridon et al., Targeting multiple Her-2 epitopes with monoclonal antibodies results in improved antigrowth activity. Clin. Cancer Res., 8: 1720-1730, 2002.

In the early 1980s, monoclonal antibodies were prepared that reacted with a surface membrane nonhematopoietic differentiation antigen overexpressed on human ∼25% of human breast carcinomas [(1)][1] . Similar reactivity was seen with other carcinomas, but expression in normal tissues was found to
SU-C-BRA-06: Developing Clinical and Quantitative Guidelines for a 4DCT-Ventilation Functional Avoidance Clinical Trial

Purpose: 4DCT-ventilation is an exciting new imaging modality that uses 4DCTs to calculate lung ventilation. Because 4DCTs are acquired as part of routine care, calculating 4DCT-ventilation allows for lung function evaluation without additional cost or inconvenience to the patient. Development of a clinical trial is underway at our institution to use 4DCT-ventilation for thoracic functional avoidance with the idea that preferential sparing of functional lung regions can decrease pulmonary toxicity. The purpose of our work was to develop the practical aspects of a 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial including: 1.assessing patient eligibility 2.developing trial inclusion criteria and 3.developing treatment planning and dose-function evaluation strategies. Methods: 96 stage III lung cancer patients from 2 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. 4DCT-ventilation maps were calculated using the patient’s 4DCTs, deformable image registrations, and a density-change-based algorithm. To assess patient eligibility and develop trial inclusion criteria we used an observer-based binary end point noting the presence or absence of a ventilation defect and developed an algorithm based on the percent ventilation in each lung third. Functional avoidance planning integrating 4DCT-ventilation was performed using rapid-arc and compared to the patient’s clinically used plan. Results: Investigator-determined clinical ventilation defects were present in 69% of patients. Our regional/lung-thirdsmore » ventilation algorithm identified that 59% of patients have lung functional profiles suitable for functional avoidance. Compared to the clinical plan, functional avoidance planning was able to reduce the mean dose to functional lung by 2 Gy while delivering comparable target coverage and cord/heart doses. Conclusions: 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance clinical trials have great potential to reduce toxicity, and our data suggest that 59% of lung cancer patients have lung function profiles suitable for functional avoidance. Our study used a retrospective evaluation of a large lung cancer patient database to develop the practical aspects of a 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance clinical trial. (R.C., E.C., T.G.), NIH Research Scientist Development Award K01-CA181292 (R.C.), and State of Colorado Advanced Industries Accelerator Grant (Y.V.)« less
Health Center Patients' Insurance Status and Healthcare Use Prior to Implementation of the Affordable Care Act.

Introduction U.S. health centers provide primary and preventive care to underserved populations, including low-income and uninsured patients. The purpose of this study is to examine patterns of publicly funded health center use according to patient insurance status (private, public, none), prior to implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Methods National data came from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey, and were analyzed in 2013. Descriptive analysis of health center patient insurance coverage and health center utilization variables was conducted, followed by adjusted multivariate analysis. Results About 91% of uninsured patients received at least half their annual healthcare visits at a health center, and 86% had at least one usual source of care that included a health center; these rates were not significantly different from those for publicly or privately insured patients. About half of uninsured patients (48%) had long tenures at the health center (≥3 years since first visit), not significantly different from the publicly insured (52%), but lower than the privately insured (63%, p Conclusions Insured patients used health centers for the majority of their care, and in similar proportions to their uninsured counterparts. The primary motivation for visiting a health center differed based on insurance type. Future studies should be able to examine whether health center demand across insurance categories follows a similar pattern following the Affordable Care Act insurance coverage expansions.
Employees' Attitudes Toward Drug Testing, Perceptions of Organizational Climate, and Withdrawal from the Employer

Theoretical models suggest that attitudes toward an employer's drug testing policy affect organizational climate and employee behavior, but empirical evidence has been scarce with limited external validity. Based on 66 manufacturing employees' questionnaire responses, attitudes toward drug testing significantly correlated with attitudes toward top management (r = +.39), support for employee safety (r = +.34), turnover intentions (r = −.31), and other variables. Although these data support a link between attitudes toward drug testing and employee withdrawal, they cannot address the issue of causality. Results suggest that perceived invasion of privacy is more strongly related to climate perceptions and turnover intentions than is perceived fairness.
Separation of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by countercurrent distribution in aqueous two-polymer phase systems.

The littoral cell population, on the other hand, is part of the RES; there is evidence that extensive transformation and migration of RES cells occurred within the liver during regeneration, and up to 50 % of the RES cell population in the liver remnant, particularly during the early period of regeneration, migrated to the liver from extrahepatic RES reserves to augment the deficiency [l, 21. The size of the proliferating pool, therefore, would depend, in part, on the contribution of the hepatic RES, and, in part, on the extent of cellular mobilization and migration from extrahepatic sources. The relative proportions could be expected to change rapidly with time, particularly as the physiological stress placed on the liver progressively decreases during regeneration. In the present studies, the actively proliferating pool of parenchymal cells was 85 %. The actively proliferating littoral cell population was 3 %; the potentially proliferative pool was >50 %, but this value could not be measured with precision.
Abundant pyroclastic komatiitic volcanism in the 3.5–3.2 Ga Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa

The paucity of komatiitic pyroclastic rocks in Archean greenstone sequences is commonly interpreted to reflect the low volatile contents of komatiitic liquids and the mechanical difficulties in explosively erupting highly fluid ultramaficmagmas. Here we report the presence of multiple layers of ultramafic pyroclastic debris in 3481–3243 Ma rocks of the Onverwacht Group in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. In the northern part of the belt, layers of serpentinized tuff are interbedded with komatiites and komatiitic basalts and constitute 30%–40% of the stratigraphic column, including sections of tuff as thick as 60 m. They retain elevated MgO contents and incompatible element abundances consistent with derivation from komatiitic liquids. In the southern part of the belt, more than 80 individual beds of silicified and carbonated tuffs, most
Site and extent of nutrient digestion in lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate or soybean meal.

Abstract In vivo and in situ trials were conducted to investigate the utilization of alfalfa protein concentrate as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows. In the in vivo trial, four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulae were used in a crossover experiment to measure site and extent of nutrient digestion. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing alfalfa protein concentrate or soybean meal were fed four times daily. Sixty percent of dietary total N was provided by the test proteins. Ruminal ammonia and total VFA concentrations were lower in cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate. Fractional digestion coefficient of organic matter (52 vs. 43%) and degradation of dietary protein (57 vs. 47%) in the rumen were slightly lower in cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate. The ratio of amino acid flow to the small intestine to dietary intake of amino acid was higher in cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate. In the in situ trial, rate of N disappearance (2.4 vs. 9.5%·h −1 ) and potential protein degradability (35 vs. 68%) were lower for alfalfa protein concentrate. Results suggest that alfalfa protein concentrate 5 be more resistant to ruminal degradation than soybean meal and could be utilized as a relatively undegradable protein source for milk production.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers Containing Polyoxometalate Clusters as Side-Chain Pendants

Hexamolybdate clusters have been covalently attached, for the first time, to the side chains of conjugated polymers. Two sets of such hybrid conjugated polymers have been prepared, one (Ia and Ib) with the clusters linked to the conjugated backbone through a rigid conjugated bridge, the other (IIa and IIb) through flexible alkyl chains. Within each set, polymers with different cluster loading ratios have been prepared. The covalent attachment of POM clusters has been confirmed by 1H NMR, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. These hybrid polymers are thermally stable up to 220 °C. Set I polymers (Ia and Ib) exhibit maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax) around 410 nm, while set II polymers (IIa and IIb) show higher λmax values, around 440 nm. Fluorescence studies show that side-chain POM pendants linked through conjugated bridges exhibit a much higher fluorescence quenching effect than those with flexible alkyl bridges, indicating that the through-bond photoinduced electron transfer may be the dominan...
Comparative Analysis of R&D Investment Models

Abstract Many prescriptive models have been developed to aid R&D managers in comparing, evaluating and selecting alternative projects, but few of these models have been carefully evaluated for their usefulness. Consequently, little is known about their comparative suitability for routine use. A recently established methodology now makes it feasible to assess and catalog the relative suitability of these models with respect to selected performance dimensions. This study utilizes this methodology to develop performance profiles and assess the relative degrees of usefulness of 41 R&D investment models, which were selected from the literature so as to represent a cross section of model characteristics. Six generic model types were examined: linear, nonlinear, zero-one, scoring, profitability index, and utility models. Profitability index and scoring types of models were found to have the easiest usability and the lowest cost performance characteristics, while the linear, nonlinear and zero-one models had the ...
Georgia O?Keeffe (1887?1986). Cow?s Skull with Calico Roses (1932).

Suggested Citation for this Article: Potter P. Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986). Cow’s Skull with Calico Roses (1932). [about the cover]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Mar [date cited]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no3/about_cover.htm
Incentive problems in bank insider borrowing

Although bank insider abuses have been one of the most frequently cited causes of recent bank problems, the existing literature is surprisingly sparse in this area. The purpose of this article is to examine one element of insider abuse—the case of bank insider borrowing. In the context of the theory of financial intermediation, we propose a hypothesis that excessive insider borrowing creates substantial incentive problems and leads the bank to inferior performance. Our empirical analysis provides results consistent with this hypothesis. The policy implication of this article is that the regulatory agencies and especially the FDIC should carefully monitor banks with excessive insider borrowing to prevent an arbitrage against the insurance fund.
Male meiosis in camel-flies (Raphidioptera; Neuropteroidea)

Male meiosis in 3 species of the raphidiopteran genus Agulla — A. bicolor Banks, A. astuta (Banks), and A. bractea Carpenter — closely parallels that of Neuroptera. The diploid complement in each comprises 12 pairs of autosomes plus X and Y; all are mediokinetic. One male of A. bicolor carried an extra pair of autosomes indistinguishable from the shortest member of the usual set: these formed a normal bivalent and segregated synchronously with the other autosomes. The spindle is formed by the collocation of individual units which envelope each chromosomal mass. The sex chromosomes are spatially separate on emergence from the joint vesicle of early prophase; oriented toward opposite poles they move into the interpolar axis and a central spindle unit forms about them. This unit elongates disproportionately in early premetaphase, and its subsequent contraction is not synchronous with that of the other units. Distance segregation of X and Y is completed in early premetaphase. Autosomal bivalents are chiasmate; their congressional maneuvers involve, in addition to the usual interpolar oscillations, a lateral movement to the periphery of the spindle to form a variably complete ring at the equator. Autosomal univalents occur with a frequency of 13% in A. bicolor, 2% in A. astuta, and 1% in A. bractea; they undergo distance segregation with the sex chromosomes in the central spindle unit. The phylogenetic significance of the data is considered.
Stable Value Sets, Psychological Well-Being, and the Disability Paradox: Ramifications for Assessing Decision-Making Capacity

Peterson and colleagues (2013) propose a cautious, well-considered plan to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to assess the decision-making capa...
Effect of paraoxon (diethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate) on axone reflex sweating produced byα-lobeline

Paraoxon beeinflusst die Wirkung vonα-Lobelin uber den Axonreflex, der Schwitzen menschlicher Haut auslost. Geringe Konzentrationen vonα-Lobelin werden durch Paraoxon verstarkt, wahrend hohere gehemmt werden. Daraus wird gefolgert, dass endogenes Acetylcholin an der Auslosung des Axonreflexes beteiligt sein kann.
Small peripancreatic veins : Improved assessment in pancreatic cancer patients using thin-section pancreatic phase helical CT

Recent studies have shown evaluation of the small peripancreatic veins to have potential in improving pancreatic cancer staging. This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of thin-section pancreatic phase helical CT images in visualizing these veins.Seventy-two patients (30 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 42 with no pancreatic disease) underwent dual-phase helical CT with thin-section pancreatic phase acquisition (40-70 sec after i.v. contrast initiation at 3 ml/sec) and hepatic phase acquisition (70-100 sec). Visualization (with diameter measurement) or nonvisualization of the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (PSPDV), anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV), and gastrocolic trunk was recorded for both acquisitions. We also correlated surgical tumor resectability with the status of the small peripancreatic veins.Visualization of peripancreatic veins was significantly better on pancreatic phase images than on hepatic phase images for both healthy individuals (PSPDV, 88...
On the cofiniteness of local cohomology modules

Let (R,m) be a local, noetherian, d-dimensional ring and let M be a finitely generated R-module. Since the local cohomology modules are artinian, is finitely generated for all i and j (see [4], Remark 1*middot;3 and 2·1). Grothendieck[2] made the following conjecture: If I is an ideal of a noetherian ring R, thenis finitely generated for all j.
Biosurfactant mediated synthesis of NiO nanorods

Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanorods were synthesized using a solution based water-in-oil microemulsion technique, which uses biosurfactant dispersed in n-heptane hydrocarbon phase. The synthesized nickel hydroxide particles were found to have a flaky morphology at lower pH and changed to a mixture of flaky and spherical particles as the pH of the solution was increased. Calcination treatment of the nickel hydroxide particles gave rise to nanorods of NiO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for the phase identification. The morphology of the synthesized nickel hydroxide particles and NiO nanorods was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The nanorods were found to be approximately 22 nm in diameter and 150–250 nm in length. This environment friendly approach for nanomaterial synthesis is simpler compared to other conventional methods.
Neutron-Deficient Isotopes of Thallium

The activities of the $K$-capturing isotopes of ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{198\ensuremath{-}202}$ have been investigated. Using 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} beta-ray spectrographs, more than 150 conversion lines have been observed. A new isomer of 1.9-hr half-life has been found and assigned to mass number 198. There are three gamma rays of 282.4, 260.7 (isomeric), and 48.7 kev associated with this activity. No thallium isomers, other than ${\mathrm{Tl}}^{198m}$, or mercury isomers, other than the already known ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{199m}$, were found. The first excited states in ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{200}$ and ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{202}$ were found to be 2+ states. The level schemes of ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{198}$ and ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{200}$ are complex.
Improved results of living-related liver transplantation with routine application in a pediatric program.

Living related liver transplantation (LRT) was introduced as a response to the shortage of donor organs that has existed for small children. Results were promising in the initial experience, with a one-year patient survival of 80% and a graft survival of 76%. Since the completion of the protocol, LRT has been considered routinely in the management of children in our center. We present here our experience with 45 consecutive transplants in which LRT accounts for 40% of grafts with an overall patient survival of 90%. Between 4/91 and 4/92, 46 OLT were performed in 41 children. Median age was 2.7 years (3 months to 13 years) and weight was 10.4 kg (3.6-60 kg). Thirty-five were primary grafts, 10 were retransplants
A representative period for a water-supply study

In an engineering investigation requiring the use of water-supply records it is essential that the study shall cover a period that will be representative of long time conditions. This paper gives an outline of the analysis used in selecting the 30-year period 1906–1935 as typical of a long-time water supply for a study of hydro-power developments in the upper San Joaquin River Basin. A method used to extend a short record of runoff to cover the 30-year period is briefly described.
Pathological recognition of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: the significance of the historical perspective as regards this signal tumor

Diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) is a distinctive tumor which provides an uncommon opportunity to observe the gradual appreciation and increasing incidence of a new disease. DMM is a new disease. One cannot comment intelligently about the pathology of sporadic cases that might have occurred before the beginnings of anatomic pathology, but we do know that there were so few cases before 1930 that the very existence of the disease was not accepted in general before 1930 and not accepted by all pathologists even up until 1960. Because DMM is increasing on a worldwide basis and is making its appearance in the developing world, where it has not previously been diagnosed, appreciation of how the disease came to be noticed sheds light on its causation. As a signal tumor for exposure to asbestos, and knowing that all special exposures contribute to the development of the disease, knowledge of its continuing escalation underscores the importance of recognition of previously unimplicated or occult exposures for reasons of public health in both developed and developing countries.
Computer-assisted paleocurrent determination from trough cross-stratification

Abstract Trough cross-stratification is formed by down-current migration of simple, three-dimensional dunes, and trough axis orientation is a reliable indicator of paleocurrent. Although cross-strata attitudes have a wide degree of scatter owing to the shapes of the scour and fill surfaces, these shapes can be modeled to a first approximation as second-order curved surfaces. Statistical treatment of cross-strata attitudes can define these surfaces, and the direction of plunge of their axes, with a reasonably small data set. This data reduction is performed easily on a microcomputer, and will produce unambiguous results regardless of asymmetry of data distribution.
Photo-induced optical and physical property modifications in chalcogenide thin films by femtosecond irradiation

Multiphoton processes were shown to influence photo-induced exposure response in As-S-Se thin films written with sub-bandgap femtosecond radiation. Structural and/or electronic defects are established to be responsible for composition-dependent effects on the resulting material modifications.
TU‐F‐18C‐03: X‐Ray Scatter Correction in Breast CT: Advances and Patient Testing

Purpose: To further develop and perform patient testing of an x-ray scatter correction algorithm for dedicated breast computed tomography (BCT). Methods: A previously proposed algorithm for x-ray scatter signal reduction in BCT imaging was modified and tested with a phantom and on patients. A wireless electronic positioner system was designed and added to the BCT system that positions a tungsten plate in and out of the x-ray beam. The interpolation used by the algorithm was replaced with a radial basis function-based algorithm, with automated exclusion of non-valid sampled points due to patient motion or other factors. A 3D adaptive noise reduction filter was also introduced to reduce the impact of scatter quantum noise post-reconstruction. The impact on image quality of the improved algorithm was evaluated using a breast phantom and seven patient breasts, using quantitative metrics such signal difference (SD) and signal difference-to-noise ratios (SDNR) and qualitatively using image profiles. Results: The improvements in the algorithm resulted in a more robust interpolation step, with no introduction of image artifacts, especially at the imaged object boundaries, which was an issue in the previous implementation. Qualitative evaluation of the reconstructed slices and corresponding profiles show excellent homogeneity of both the background andmore » the higher density features throughout the whole imaged object, as well as increased accuracy in the Hounsfield Units (HU) values of the tissues. Profiles also demonstrate substantial increase in both SD and SDNR between glandular and adipose regions compared to both the uncorrected and system-corrected images. Conclusion: The improved scatter correction algorithm can be reliably used during patient BCT acquisitions with no introduction of artifacts, resulting in substantial improvement in image quality. Its impact on actual clinical performance needs to be evaluated in the future. Research Agreement, Koning Corp., Hologic Inc., Barco Corp Consultant Agreement, Fujifilm Medical Systems.« less
Transition metal promoted alkylations of unsaturated alcohols: The ethylation of alkynols via the reactions of cis-alkynoxy(chloro)bis(2,4-pentanedionato)titanium(IV) complexes with diethylaluminium chloride

Abstract Complexes of the type [TiCl(OR)(C 5 H 7 O 2 ) 2 ] have been synthesized where R = 2-propyn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl, 5-hexyn-1-yl, 3-pentyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-2-yl, and 4-phenyl-3-butyn-1-yl, and C 5 H 7 O 2 = 2,4-pentanedionate ligand. NMR studies establish the complexes as being neutral and monomeric and adopting the cis configuration. The complexes were used for the indirect hydroalkylation of the alkynols using diethylaluminum chloride and triethylaluminum. Moderate yields of ethylated products were obtained with diethylaluminum chloride under mild conditions for alkynols having the unsaturation in γ and δ positions. Cis addition of the organoaluminum reagent was observed.
Anoxia–ischemia: A mechanism of seizure termination in ictal asystole

Cerebral anoxia–ischemia (CAI) is a potent inhibi-torofcerebralhyperactivityandapotentialmech-anism of seizure self-termination. Prolonged ictalasystole (IA) invariably leads to CAI and has beenimplicated as a potential cause of sudden unex-plained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). IA was seen ineight consecutive patients (0.12% of all patientsmonitored). Ten of their seizures with IA had evi-dence of CAI on electroencephalography (EEG),manifested by bilateral hypersynchronous slowing(BHS), and were compared to 18 seizures withoutsigns of CAI. The ictal EEG pattern resolved in all10 CAI events with onset of the BHS. The periodfrom IA onset to seizure end was reduced ineventswithBHScomparedtoeventswithoutBHS(10.5 s vs. 28.3 s, respectively; p = 0.005), and thetotal seizure duration tended to be shorter.Anoxia–ischemia as a result of IA may representan effective endogenous mechanism for seizuretermination and may explain why the hearts ofpatients with ictal asystole reported to date in theliteratureresumedbeatingspontaneously.KEY WORDS:Ictalasystole,Seizuretermination,Suddenunexplaineddeathinepilepsy,SUDEP.A variety of mechanisms contribute to seizure termina-tion (Lado & Moshe, 2008). Energy depletion can abolishexcitatory synaptic activity and terminates hypersynchro-nousneuronalfiring.Cerebralhypoxiaandischemia seemto play a crucial role in self-regulatory seizure cessationbased on various animal models. Failure of seizure inhibi-tion leads to seizure prolongation and status epilepticus.On the other hand, over-regulation of cerebral inhibitionduringseizure termination might playan important role insudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) (McLean&Wimalaratna,2007).Ictalasystole(IA)isthoughttobetriggeredbyepilepticactivation of autonomic centers in the brain, and has beenimplicated as a potential cause of SUDEP (Britton et al.,2006). Animaldata havedemonstrated that epileptic auto-nomic activation can be synchronized with cardiac neuraldischarges, and that persistent stimulation can lead to bra-dycardia and permanent cessation of the heart (Oppenhei-mer et al., 1991). In patients with IA, longer periods ofcardiac arrest invariably lead to cerebral anoxia–ischemia(CAI) as indicated by apredictable sequence of electroen-cephalography (EEG)changes(Schuele et al., 2007). Thisstudyinvestigates the effectsof CAI on the electrographicseizure activity during prolonged asystolic events com-pared to control seizures, which occurred in the samepatient population without electrographic evidence ofCAI.
Biomarkers for the detection of graft-versus-host disease in cancer patients after bone marrow transplantation

Correspondence: Sophie Paczesny University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center 6303,1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5942, USA Tel +1 734 615 5283 Fax +1 734 647 9271 Email sophiep@med.umich.edu Abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the most effective form of tumor immunotherapy available to date, and the frequency of transplants continues to increase worldwide. However, while allogeneic HSCT can induce beneficial graft-versustumor (GVT) effects, the adverse effect of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is closely linked to GVT, is the major source of morbidity and mortality following HSCT. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) develops when the donor’s immune cells from the graft attack the patient’s skin, liver, or intestines. Target organs involved in chronic GVHD (cGVHD) are variable, resemble autoimmune manifestations, and typically include skin; mucosa (mouth, eyes, genitalia); muscles/ fascia/joints; lungs; and gastrointestinal tract/liver. GVHD occurs in two forms, classically distinguished as aGVHD, beginning before day 100 after HSCT, and cGVHD, occurring after day 100, although it is now accepted that these are two separate pathophysiologic entities. Currently available diagnostic and staging tools frequently fail to identify those at higher risk of GVHD progression, unresponsiveness to different forms of therapy, or death. Furthermore, there are shortcomings in the prediction of the future occurrence of GVHD before clinical signs develop. In parallel, in recent years there has been an explosive evolution of proteomics technologies, largely due to important advances in chemistry, engineering, high-throughput technical devices, and bioinformatics. Building on these opportunities, plasma biomarkers have been identified and validated both as promising diagnostic tools of GVHD and as prognostic tools for nonrelapse mortality. These biomarkers might facilitate timely and selective therapeutic intervention. However, such biomarkers should be more widely validated and incorporated into a new grading system to risk-stratify patients and better customize treatment. This review identifies biomarkers for the detection of GVHD; summarizes the current information on available GVHD biomarkers, which are mostly aGVHD biomarkers; proposes future prospects for the blinded evaluation of these biomarkers in samples collected as part of a multicenter prospective study; and discusses the need for biomarkers of cGVHD.
Reduced-size TEM horn for short-pulse high-power electromagnetic systems

Several approaches for miniaturization TEM horn antenna while maintaining and/or improving its frequency and time domain performances and peak voltage/field strength handling are described. Understanding the sources of reflection and discontinuities including the methods of elimination thereof are considered first, followed by the loading approaches including dielectric, ferrite, and resistive. Analysis is performed using finite element method (FEM) and finite integration technique (FIT) full wave modeling as respectively implemented in ANSYS HFSS and CST Microwave Studio (MWS).
Charity Implies Meta-Charity

The principle of charity says that all agents are rational. The principle of meta-charity says that all agents believe all agents are rational. My thesis is that the arguments which are used to support charity also support meta-charity. Meta-charity implies meta-meta-charity. By recursion, the principle of charity implies that it is common knowledge. But there appears to be intelligent, well-informed disagreement with the principle of charity. So if the entailment thesis holds, opponents of the principle of charity have a new objection to the principle. Defenders of the principle of charity must either refute the entailment thesis or accept much stronger consequences than they expected. “As I am, so I see.”—Ralph Waldo Emerson
Linkers and nonlinkers: Goal beliefs as a moderator of the effects of everyday hassles on rumination, depression, and physical complaints.

We blocked subjects on their tendency to link the attainment of lower order goals (e.g., being one's ideal weight) to the attainment of a higher-order goal (i.e., being happy). We then assessed the number of everyday hassles these subjects experienced, the amount of rumination they reported, their level of depression, and the extent to which they were bothered by a number of physical symptoms. These measures were taken at 2 time periods, 2 weeks apart. In the first session, subjects who tended dispositionally to link lower-order goals to higher order ones were more likely than were those who did not make this link to ruminate, experience depression, and complain of physical symptoms. At Session 2, linkers who had experienced a high number of hassles in Session 1 reported higher depression and more bother from physical symptoms than did any of the other groups. These results are consistent with the growing body of evidence indicating a relation between rumination and depression and suggest that one factor that determines rumination is the extent to which people link the attainment of lower-order goals to the attainment of higher-order goals.
Quality control of integral membrane proteins

Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are essential components of the plasma and organellar membranes of the eukaryotic cell. Non-native IMPs, which can arise as a result of mutations, errors during biosynthesis or cellular stress, can disrupt these membranes and potentially lead to cell death. To protect against this outcome, the cell possesses quality control (QC) systems that detect and dispose of non-native IMPs from cellular membranes. Recent studies suggest that recognition of non-native IMPs by the QC machinery is correlated with the thermodynamic stability of these proteins. Consistent with this, small molecules known as chemical and pharmacological chaperones have been identified that stabilize non-native IMPs and enable them to evade QC. These findings have far-reaching implications for treating human diseases caused by defective IMPs.
Intraoperative irradiation after palliative surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Background. In patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer, long-term disease control and survival is uncommon with single-modality therapy. This report evaluates results achieved at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) with single- or combined-modality treatment, including intraoperative irradiation. Methods. From 1981 to 1988, 106 patients underwent palliative surgical resections at the Mayo Clinic for locally recurrent rectal cancer. None had evidence of extrapelvic disease, and 42 received intraoperative electron beam irradiation (IORT) as a component of treatment. Gross residual disease remained after maximal surgical resection in 34 of the 42 patients and 61 of the patients who did not receive IORT. The IORT dose was 15-20 Gy in 39 patients and 10, 25, and 30 Gy in the other 3. External beam irradiation (EBRT) was administered to 41 of the 42 patients (doses ≥ 45 Gy to 38 patients). Results. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 3 and 5 years were analyzed for the 106 patients. Palliative surgical resection alone (12 patients) resulted in a 3-year survival of 8% and a 5-year survival of 0%. Statistically significant factors relative to survival based on the univariate analysis of all patients included amount of residual tumor (microscopic vs. gross, P = 0.032) treatment method (P = 0.005), IORT versus no IORT (P = 0.0006), type of symptoms (P = 0.0075), type of fixation (P < 0.0001), and preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status (P = 0.03). For patients who received IORT, 3-year survival with gross residual tumor or presentation with pain was 44% and 43%, respectively. Factors not associated with survival (univariate) included extended versus conventional surgical resection, grade, age, and sex. The 3-year cumulative probability of distant metastasis was 60% in the patients who received IORT and 54% in those who did not. The 3-year local relapse rates were 40% versus 93% in patients who received IORT versus those who did not. Conclusions. Although the addition of IORT to external irradiation and maximal surgical resection appears to improve local tumor control and survival in patients who undergo palliative surgical resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer, further gains in treatment are necessary. Considering the high rates of distant metastasis, more routine systemic therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) leucovorin, 5-FU levamisole, or all three needs to be incorporated into aggressive treatment approaches. In patients with gross residual tumor after maximum surgical resection, local tumor control is inadequate despite treatment combinations including IORT. The evaluation of radiation sensitizers or biologic modifiers during external irradiation and IORT is indicated. Cancer 1995;75:939-52.
Byrne and Hilbert's chromatic ether

Because our only access to color qualities is through their appearance, Byrne & Hilbert's insistence on a strict distinction between apparent colors and real colors leaves them without a principled way of determining when, if ever, we see colors as they really are.
Abusive supervision and family undermining as displaced aggression.

This study focuses on factors that contribute to abusive supervision, one form of nonphysical aggression, and the results of such abuse on subordinates and their family members. Using a "kick the dog" metaphor (As Marcus-Newhall, Pedersen, Carlson, and Miller (2000) state, this is a "commonly used anecdote to illustrate displaced aggression. . .a man is berated by his boss but does not retaliate because he fears losing his job. Hours later, when he arrives home to the greeting barks of his dog he responds by kicking it," p. 670), the authors investigated whether abusive supervision may be the result of a supervisor's displeasure with his or her organization. Using a sample of 210 supervisors, their subordinates, and the subordinates' family members or partners, the authors hypothesized that supervisors' reports of psychological contract violations, moderated by hostile attribution bias, would be associated with subordinates' perceptions of abusive supervision. In turn, the authors hypothesized that abused subordinates' family members would report sustained negative affect and negative evaluations directed toward them in the home. The hypotheses were supported. Language: en
Duration of phasic electrical activity of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator and dynamics of luteinizing hormone pulses in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract The secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the pituitary gland is a pulsatile phenomenon. In the rhesus monkey, each pulse of LH in the peripheral circulation is associated with a characteristic increase in multiunit electrical activity (MUA) recorded from the medial basal hypothalamus. These "volleys" of electrical activity initiate the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the pituitary portal circulation from the terminals of neurosecretory cells. Their duration varies from 1-3 min in normal, adult intact females to 10-25 min in long-term ovariectomized monkeys. A variety of pharmacological interventions also modify volley duration. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the physiological significance of alterations in volley duration. The dynamics of LH pulses in ovariectomized animals were observed in a number of experimental circumstances in which MUA volley duration was reduced from a maximum of 23 min to a minimum of 4 min without significantly altering their frequency. The magnitude of each LH pulse was assessed by calculating the area under the curve delineated by the time course of LH above baseline. In eight experiments, a linear regression of these values on volley duration failed to reveal a significant correlation between MUA volley duration and the magnitude of LH pulses. These results suggest that all of the GnRH secreted per pulse is released at the onset of each MUA volley, the remainder of the increase in electrical activity having no further action on GnRH secretion, although effects on other systems cannot be excluded.
Blind synchronization, estimation of data symbol, spread sequence, and generator polynomial in direct sequence spread spectrum systems

Secure transmission of information over hostile wireless environments is desired by both military and civilian parties. Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) is such a covert technique resistant to interference, interception and multipath fading. Identifying spread-spectrum signals by an unintended receiver (or eavesdropper) without a priori knowledge is a challenging problem. To address this problem, we first search the start position of a data symbol in the spread signal (for synchronization); our method is based on maximizing spectral norm of a covariance matrix, which achieves smaller estimation error than the existing method of maximizing Frobenius norm. After synchronization, we remove information symbols by a cross-correlation based method, and identify the spread sequence by a matched filter. The proposed identification method is less expensive and more accurate than the existing methods. We also propose a zigzag searching method to identify a generator polynomial that reduces memory requirement and is capable of correcting polarity errors existing in the previous methods. Our simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Development of restoration trajectory metrics in reforested bottomland hardwood forests applying a rapid assessment approach

Abstract Large scale wetland restoration and reforestation efforts continue to expand throughout the Lower Mississippi Valley. Monitoring of restoration performance and the development of restoration trajectories pose challenges to resource managers and remain problematic due to (1) temporal patterns in forest succession, (2) budget constraints and short project monitoring timeframes, (3) disparity in the extent of pre-restoration hydrologic and landscape manipulations, and (4) lack of coherent restoration performance standards. The current work establishes a framework for identifying restoration trajectory metrics within project-relevant timescales. The study examined 17 variables commonly applied in rapid assessments. Four variables yielded positive restoration trajectories within a few years to 20 years. These include shrub-sapling density, ground vegetation cover, and development of organic and A soil horizons. Remaining variables including flood frequency and tree density provide limited useful information within critical early years following reforestation due to the time required for measurable changes to occur. As a result, assessment components are classified into three categories of rapid response, response, and stable variables. Restoring entities should maximize stable variables (e.g., afforestation species composition) during project implementation through site selection and planting techniques; while development of restoration milestones should focus on rapid response variables. Data collected at mature bottomland hardwood control sites displays the non-linearity of trajectory curves over decadal time scales.