cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leading Virtual Teams

New forms of organizations, such as virtual teams who primarily conduct their work through electronic media, are becoming more common. With the proliferation of information and communication technology (ICT), most organizational teams are now virtual to some extent (Martins, Gilson, & Maynard, 2004). Virtuality is now a matter of degree (Kratzer, Leenders, & Van Engelen, 2006) as most teams in knowledge-intensive organizations are somewhere on a continuum between traditional teams with no electronic media and completely virtual teams engaging through electronic interaction. Many organizations have assumed that there are minimal differences between traditional teams and virtual teams (Rosen, Furst, & Blackburn, 2006). However, many scholars now suggest the differences are substantial, requiring different approaches and skills to virtual teams (Balotsky & Christensen, 2004). Virtual teams are complex, spanning boundaries across groups, functions, organizations, time zones, and geographies (Adler, Black, & Loveland, 2003), and the organizational leadership issues are important (Vakola & Wilson, 2004). This article reviews the virtual team literature to uncover differences between virtual teams and traditional teams from an organizational leadership perspective. The purpose of this article is to understand what differences exist, what is known about the differences, what still needs to be studied, and some practical implications for organizations and leaders. The literature is reviewed around four leadership aspects of virtual teams: trust, communication, interaction, and the organizational system. The organizational system includes the role of the leader, the organizational structure, culture, goal setting, and training specifically for virtual teams. Practical implications from the literature and recommendations for further research are included in the discussion. Background
[Effects of constraint-induced movement using self-efficacy enhancing strategies on the upper extremity function of chronic hemiplegic patients].

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of constraint-induced (CI) movement using self-efficacy on U/E function of chronic hemiplegic patients. CI movement discourages the use of the unaffected U/E, combined with intensive training of the affected U/E. Method A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Study subjects were 40 hemiplegic patients selected from 2 different community health centers. The experimental subjects participated in the CI movement program for 6 hours daily over a period of two weeks. The exercises for affected U/E consisted of warming up, main exercise and ADL practice. To encourage the participants' behaviors self-efficacy enhancing strategies were used, which included performance accomplishment, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal. Result After 2 weeks of treatment, the grip power, pinch power, wrist flexion/extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder flexion/extension were significantly higher in the experimental subjects than in the control subjects. However, there was no significant difference in hand functions of the two groups. Conclusion The above results show that the constraint-induced movement using self-efficacy could be an effective nursing intervention for improving U/E function of chronic hemiplegic patients. Long term studies are needed to determine the lasting effects of constraint-induced movement.
Aligned Frames? The Basis of Political Actions against Offshoring in West Virginia and Austria

Offshoring as an element of economic globalization is contested by various social movements. Analyses of actions focus frequently on the motivation of core activists but often neglect less-involved individuals. Based on 89 in-depth interviews conducted in West Virginia and Austria, we analyze how economic changes are interpreted by the public, and if these interpretations coincide with political actions. The analysis shows that the interpretation of general economic problems is influenced strongly by the cultural context while offshoring is interpreted similarly in both countries. For actions targeting economic problems, thinking in economic models is very important in both countries. This basic frame is thus aligned with both proponents and contesters of economic globalization. Resentments, on the other hand, resonate better in Austria.
The aerobic and anaerobic flora of rattlesnake fangs and venom: therapeutic implications.

Venom from 100 rattlesnakes and swabs of the fangs of 50 of these snakes were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Agar-dilution antibiotic susceptibilities for 170 of 207 aerobes and disc susceptibilities for 65 of 113 Clostridia were determined. Clostridia were isolated from 48% of venom and 86% of fang specimens. Histotoxic species were found in 50% of the snakes. Ninety- seven strains of gram-positive cocci were isolated, but no coagulase-positive staphylococci. Of 110 strains of gram-negative rods, Aerobacter, Proteus, and Pseudomonas genera were most common. Four salmonella strains were found. All rattlesnake bites are potentially contaminated with Clostridia and a wide variety of aerobic bacteria. Inflammation and necrosis secondary to envenomation provide a favorable setting for proliferation of organisms. The antibiotic susceptibility results reported here provide guidelines for selection of antibacterial therapy.
Oil Losses during the Deep Fat Frying

The object of this study was the quantitative determination of oil losses during the deep fat frying of soybean curd, “Tofu”.The possibilities for the loss of oil during the deep fat frying result from the formation of volatile products of fat degradation and absorption of oil in fried foods. The chief factors governing the amount of oil lost during the deep fat frying were the time of cooking, the temperature of oil used, and the composition of the food.15 cakes of Tofu were fried in 1kg of oil. They were fried for a minute one after another; one side for 30 seconds, the other for 30 seconds. Then the oil losses and the weight of fried Tofu were measured, and from these data, vapourized water was calculated. The fried Tofus were wiped with dried filter paper and the amount of oil attached to the food surface was measured.The results were as follows : Our frying tests did not reveal any significant differences in oil absorptions among the soybean oil, cottonseed oil and rapeseed oil used.Being cooked for 1 miunte at 240, 220, and 200°C, significant differences were seen in oil temperature. The longer they were fried, the more the oil was lost. When deteriorated oil or foaming oil were used, oil decreased significantly. It was mostly caused by their sticking to the surface of food being fried, whereas the amount of oil absorbed in the food was rather small.
Suppression of Drosophila melanogaster in Tomato Field Plots by the Release of Flies Sterilized by Apholate

For suppression of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, adults were sterilized with 1% (w/v) aqueous apholate and released in ¼-acre tomato field plots at Beltsville, Maryland, in 1961 and 1962 at a ratio of about 20 or 25 sterile males to 1 native male. The 1961 releases in 2 separate areas resulted in maximum reductions of about 86 and 44%, respectively, in the number of adults developing from eggs laid by trapped native females collected from these areas and held separately in the laboratory. The 1962 releases resulted in about a 50% maximum reduction in the development of adult progeny from the eggs of similar females and an average suppression of native flies of about 80% for 7 weeks in the field plots.
Electronic Imaging in Cytopathology

Electronic imaging is becoming important for conveying instructional and diagnostic information. This article presents an overview of the acquisition and display of microscopic images for day-to-day cytologic and histologic practice. The devices, software, and methods for image capture and manipulation are described.
Novel therapeutics for schizophrenia: targeting glycine modulation of NMDA glutamate receptors.

Currently, a major hypothesis for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia proposes that numerous risk factors converge on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor for the neurotransmitter glutamate, resulting in neurodevelopmental abnormalities at glutamate synapses and hypofunction of NMDA receptors.This hypothesis was presented in a previous “Trends in Psychopharmacology” column. Novel treatments are now in development that can theoretically boost the function of NMDA receptors by enhancing actions at the glycine co-transmitter site of this receptor complex. Early studies already indicate that this may lead to improvement in negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, especially when added as augmenting agents to atypical antipsychotics.
An Inadvertent Concurrent Replication Same Roadmap, Different Journey

Replication is a critical aspect of scientific inquiry that presents a variety of challenges to researchers, even under the best of conditions. We conducted a review of replication rates in special education journals similar to the review conducted by Makel et al. in this issue. Unknowingly conducting independent reviews allowed for an unexpected opportunity to examine how two teams of researchers attempted to replicate a previously published study and explore similarities and differences between the outcomes. In our review, we identified 70 replication studies published between 1997 and 2013, indicating that 0.41% of published articles in special education journals are replication studies. Similar to findings reported by Makel et al., our review indicates that most replications are successful and that successful replications are more likely when author overlap occurs. Although there are similar patterns in the two data sets, an examination of exact agreement on article inclusion revealed an agreement rat...
Uterine and ovarian responses to puberty induction and pregnancy in prepubertal gilts.

We evaluated the effect of age on response to puberty induction in gilts. Sequential treatment with a commercial gonadotropin mixture (400 IU PMSG, 200 IU hCG) followed 96 h later with hCG (500 IU) was used to induce follicular growth and ovulation, respectively. In the first experiment, gilts (84, 104, 124, 144, and 164 d old) were used. Peripheral blood was collected on d 0 (before treatment) and on d 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 after treatment. On d 16, all gilts were hysterectomized, uterine flushings were collected, and uterine weight (UTWT) and length (UTLG) were measured. For treated gilts, UTWT, UTLG, number of corpora lutea (CL), peripheral progesterone (P 4 ) on d 16, and estradiol (E 2 ) on d 4 increased (P <.05) linearly with age. Uterine luminal PGE (P <.05) and PGF (P =.07), expressed per UTWT, responded quadratically with age; gilts treated at 124 d of age or older showed decreased amounts. Overall, the number of CL correlated positively ( P <.01) with UTWT and P 4 on d 8 and 16. Peripheral P 4 on d 4, 8, and 16 ( P <.10) and E 2 on d 0 and 4 (P <.01) were correlated positively with uterine weight on d 16. Gilts induced to ovulate at 104 and 144 d of age had heavier and longer uteri (P <.01), more P 4 on d 8 and 16 (P <.05), and more E 2 on d 2 ( P <. I ) and 4 ( P <.05) than controls at the same age. The second experiment evaluated pregnancy success for gilts induced to ovulate at 116 vs 151 d of age. The effects of induction of two consecutive estrous cycles also were evaluated. Two of seven (28.6%) and four of nine (44.4%) gilts first treated when 116 and 151 d old but none of seven gilts treated at 96 and 116 d of age were pregnant 60 d after insemination. Results indicate that induction of a prior cycle did not improve pregnancy rates. However, some gilts in this population maintained pregnancies to 60 d when induced to ovulate and inseminated at 120 d of age.
Race and Rights: Fighting Slavery and Prejudice in the Old Northwest, 1830-1870

Review of: Race and Rights: Fighting Slavery and Prejudice in the Old Northwest, 1830–1870, by Dana Elizabeth Weiner.
Simulating power deliverable from a Li-ion battery pack at low temperatures

At low temperatures, the internal resistance of a Li-ion cell is very sensitive to its temperature and SOC. As such, conventional equivalent circuit based models often fail to predict the power obtainable from a cell under low ambient temperature conditions. Electrochemistry based models have shown good promise to model cell dynamics at low temperatures (subzero temperatures). In the current study, we use a previously developed electrochemistry based cell model, and couple it with electrical solver to carry out electro-thermal simulations. Full battery pack simulations with cell and associated electrical circuitry are carried out and cranking power (in short duration ∼ 10–15 sec) deliverable from pack estimated.
Societal Dynamics of Prestate Societies of the North Central European Plains, 500–1000 CE: A Model

I examine social dynamics of prestate societies of the North Central European Plain, 500–1000 CE. My analysis concerns the archaeological data on spatial distribution and hierarchy of settlements, emergence of defensive settlements, distinction in social statuses and concentration of power, indirect evidence on collective action, and warfare. The key method employed is to analyse the density of networks of social interdependence. The data suggest that the 500-year period comprised four phases of social change of various duration and intensity. I focus on the characteristics of authority that range from participatory polycentric to centralized decision-making scheme, and introduce a new concept of authority that refers to intersecting levels of governance. It is presented as a conceptualization that affairs of social complexities are governed by a bifurcated arrangement: the centralized and structured government system, and a multicentric system of diverse types of collectivities that constitute a complementary source of authority with actors that cooperate, or sometimes compete, but constantly interact with each other.
Exploration of Pathways to Binge Drinking Among American Indian Adolescents.

Binge drinking is a serious public health problem among American Indian adolescents, yet few theoretical models specific to this population and type of problematic drinking have been tested. The White Mountain Apache Tribe has begun surveillance of binge drinking and a related line of research to inform tailored prevention efforts. The goal of this paper is to use structural equation modeling to understand the relationships between different individual, family, peer, and cultural factors that predict or protect against binge drinking behavior among Apache adolescents ages 10–19 years old. A cross-sectional case–control study was completed with N = 68 Apache adolescents who required medical attention due to a recent binge event (past 90 days) and N = 55 controls with no lifetime history of binge drinking. The hypothesized model was estimated with Mplus using the WLSMV robust least squares estimator. In the final model, stressful life events were related to family functioning and peer relationships. In turn, family functioning affected peer relationships and adolescent impulsivity, which were both associated with greater risk of binge drinking. The path between peer relationships and having engaged in binge drinking was statistically significant for those expressing lower cultural identity, but not for those reporting higher cultural identity. Findings suggest preventive interventions should emphasize teaching coping skills to manage life stressors and handle impulsivity, strengthening families, and changing peer dynamics with social network-based approaches as well as social skill training. The model highlights the potentially important role of culture in strengthening positive peer relationships to reduce binge drinking risk.
Oligosaccharide conjugates for CT/PET and CT/SPECT hybrid imaging

1893 Objectives: Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provide information at the cellular level, such as cellular viability; and computed tomography (CT) provides anatomical information that aid in distinguishing tissue boundaries and vascular structure with contrast enhancement. Poly glucosamine (PG), a non-toxic heparin-like oligosaccharide, targets integrin and endothelial cells. This study was to develop a dual imaging agent, using PG as a backbone, which combines a CT contrast agent and a gamma-emitter that could be used for CT/PET and CT/SPECT. Methods: PG was synthesized by hydrolyzing chitosan with sodium hydroxide. Diatrizoate (DZ), a CT contrast agent, was conjugated to PG using water soluble carbodiimide as. Ethylenedicysteine (EC) was selected as a chelator for efficient labeling with 68Ga- and 99mTc. EC-PG-DZ was synthesized by reacting PG-DZ with EC (10%W/W). 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ were prepared by adding 68Ga-acetate and 99mTcpertechnetate/tin chloride to EC-PG-DZ. Breast cancer cells (13762 NF) were inoculated at the hind leg of the rat (sc, 100,000 cells/rat). Once tumor size reached 8-10 mm,the rats were injected intravenously with 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ (300 μCi/rat for imaging, 300 mg/rat, 100 mg DZ equivalent/rat). Control group rats were administered intravenously with a mixture of DZ (100mg/rat) and 68Ga-EC or 99mTc-EC (300 μCi/rat). CT/PET and planar imaging with 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ were conducted in breast tumor-bearing rats. Autoradiographic studies were performed with 68Ga-EC-PG-DZ in the same breast tumor-bearing rat. Western blot was used to demonstrate whether 13762NF is involved in the ERK2 phosphorylation process, which activates the nuclear factor kappa B signalling pathways Results: UV spectroscopy showed that 35% (w/w) DZ conjugated to PG. Radiochemical purity was greater than 96% for both 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ. The tumor-bearing rat administered with EC-PG-DZ at the single dose of 100mg DZ equivalent/rat, showed sustained uptake compared to DZ. The tumor was also visualized by static planar imaging at 0.5-6hrs with 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ and at 1hr with 68Ga-EC-PG-DZ by CT/PET and autoradiogram. Western blot showed that ERK2 phosphorylation angiogenic process occurred in 13762 cells. Thus, tumor uptake of 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ might be involved in MAP kinase (MAPK) activation as indicated by ERK2 phosphorylation in 13762NF cells. The findings indicate that 68Ga- and 99mTc-EC-PG-DZ are dual angiogenesis imaging agent for PET/CT and SPECT/CT. Conclusions: Radiolabeled EC-PG-DZ allows the characterization of focal lesions based on patterns of tumor targets, morphology and anatomical localization by the differential uptake between lesions and non-lesions in a delayed phase after administration.
4.32 Gene Editing Tools

Genome and epigenome editing have emerged as convenient and effective tools for scientific research in a broad spectrum of fields. Recent advances in genome and epigenome editing tools have made these systems more accessible, more efficient, and precise. In this chapter, we will describe the mechanisms of the primary genome and epigenome editing strategies and explore their mechanisms of action, with a focus on ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR/dCas9 systems, and highlight their application to therapeutic development and biomaterials research.
Characterization of PTEN mutations in brain cancer reveals that pten mono-ubiquitination promotes protein stability and nuclear localization

PTEN is a PIP3 phosphatase that antagonizes oncogenic PI3-kinase signalling. Due to its critical role in suppressing the potent signalling pathway, it is one of the most mutated tumour suppressors, especially in brain tumours. It is generally thought that PTEN deficiencies predominantly result from either loss of expression or enzymatic activity. By analysing PTEN in malignant glioblastoma primary cells derived from 16 of our patients, we report mutations that block localization of PTEN at the plasma membrane and nucleus without affecting lipid phosphatase activity. Cellular and biochemical analyses as well as structural modelling revealed that two mutations disrupt intramolecular interaction of PTEN and open its conformation, enhancing polyubiquitination of PTEN and decreasing protein stability. Moreover, promoting mono-ubiquitination increases protein stability and nuclear localization of mutant PTEN. Thus, our findings provide a molecular mechanism for cancer-associated PTEN defects and may lead to a brain cancer treatment that targets PTEN mono-ubiquitination.
Parenting/Motherhood/Fatherhood

The formal academic study of parenting is quite new, dating from the late nineteenth century when rapid social and economic change dramatically transformed families. Discussion in geography began in earnest in the 1980s with feminist concerns about masculinist research agendas. Beginning as a ’woman's issue’, the study of parenting now encompasses a large swathe of geographic research, which, of late, has been spurred by interest in children and youth, neo-liberal processes of globalization and geographies of care.
Why noncompetitive states are so important for understanding the outcomes of competitive elections: the Electoral College 1868–2016

Brams and Kilgour (Public Choice 170:99–113, 2017) begin their recent essay on the Electoral College (EC) by pointing out the obvious, but nonetheless regularly neglected fact that noncompetitive states may have a decisive impact on EC outcomes and shape the electoral strategies of the candidates in the competitive states, especially if there is asymmetry in the partisan balances in the non-competitive states. Their contribution is to offer combinatorics insights into the implications of such asymmetries in the form of three new indicators: Winningness, Vulnerability, and Fragility. They then explore the magnitude and effects of these three measures for the presidential elections of 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012. The major contribution of this note is to extend their analyses of these measures to an additional 34 elections: every election in the modern two-party post-Civil War era from 1868 to 2016. We find the Winningness measure to predict very well over the entire set of 38 presidential elections. Inspired by their work, we also offer a new and simpler metric for partisan asymmetries in noncompetitive states and show how it can predict the expected closeness of EC outcomes as well or better than the more complex combinatorics measures they propose.
DISSECTING MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS: DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODELS BY EPIDERMAL GENE TARGETING

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the attempts to target gene expression to the epidermis and to develop models that will be relevant to both the skin carcinogenesis in particular and the epithelial carcinogenesis in general. It highlights the power of gene targeting to study carcinogenesis in vivo. An epidermal targeting vector have been developed and transgenic mice is established that express Ha- ras, fos, transforming growth factor α (TGFa), and the E6/E7 transforming genes of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) exclusively in the epidermis. Although the individual genes have distinct phenotypic characteristics, the stability of the preneoplastic and premalignant phenotypes produced by each line over extended time periods is consistent. This stability indicates not only the necessity of secondary events for progression, but also demonstrates that this transgenic mouse model appears to be ideally qualified to assess the nature of these events. In vivo co-operation experiments are described that assess the consequences of acquisition of an additional genetic event. The chapter evaluates potential application of these human keratin K1 gene (HK1) transgenic mice as environmental carcinogen/promoter test systems.
Development of Decision Forest Models for Prediction of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Humans Using A Large Set of FDA-approved Drugs

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents a significant challenge to drug development and regulatory science. The FDA's Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base (LTKB) evaluated >1000 drugs for their likelihood of causing DILI in humans, of which >700 drugs were classified into three categories (most-DILI, less-DILI, and no-DILI). Based on this dataset, we developed and compared 2-class and 3-class DILI prediction models using the machine learning algorithm of Decision Forest (DF) with Mold2 structural descriptors. The models were evaluated through 1000 iterations of 5-fold cross-validations, 1000 bootstrapping validations and 1000 permutation tests (that assessed the chance correlation). Furthermore, prediction confidence analysis was conducted, which provides an additional parameter for proper interpretation of prediction results. We revealed that the 3-class model not only had a higher resolution to estimate DILI risk but also showed an improved capability to differentiate most-DILI drugs from no-DILI drugs in comparison with the 2-class DILI model. We demonstrated the utility of the models for drug ingredients with warnings very recently issued by the FDA. Moreover, we identified informative molecular features important for assessing DILI risk. Our results suggested that the 3-class model presents a better option than the binary model (which most publications are focused on) for drug safety evaluation.
Studies on human placental alkaline phosphatase. I. Purification and crystallization.

Abstract Placental alkaline phosphatase has been purified by butanol extraction, methanol precipitation, and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and crystallized from a solution 42% saturated with ammonium sulfate. The colorless crystals are needleshaped and measure approximately 1 × 20 mμ. The crystalline enzyme appeared homogeneous by ultracentrifugation and immunoelectrophoresis. The enzyme has a spectrum of a pure protein with a 280:260 ratio of 1.93. The average molecular weight from several determinations was 125,000. Enrichment in zinc during purification was demonstrated. The amino acid analysis is reported.
Protecting Life in System Life Cycles

System development methodologies are variously devised to focus on and address specific development concerns. A project team chooses a methodology to shape what is known as an SDLC for the system under development. To some, SDLC reads “software development life cycle” while to others it reads “system development life cycle.” The distinction may appear insignificant. The distinction may be critical, however, if it denotes a distinct difference in the scope of awareness for the choices that result.
X-ray Reflectivity Studies of Ion Condensation at the Electrified Liquid/Liquid Interface

X-ray reflectivity (XR) is a powerful tool to probe the atomic structure of surfaces and interfaces.
Weak Scale Supersymmetry

An introduction to the ideas and current state of weak scale supersymmetry is given. It is shown that LEP data on Z decays has already excluded two of the most elegant models of weak scale supersymmetry.
Lactation and Galactorrhea

Mammary development in women is one of the earliest events of puberty. During breast development there is a gradual increase in circulating estrogens as well as an increase in prolactin,1,2 most likely due to the rising titers of estrogen. Normal breast development (thelarche) occurs under the influence of a combination of hormones including estrogens, progesterone, adrenal steroids, growth hormone, and prolactin. Of these, prolactin and estrogen are thought to be the most important. The classic studies of Lyons, Li, and Johnson examining the combined and individual effects of these hormones on mammary development in hypophysectomized, oophorectomized, and adrenalectomized rats provided evidence that although development was optimal in the presence of the combination of hormones listed above, no mammary development occurred in the absence of prolactin, even when large doses of estrogen were employed.3
Clinical Use of the Pictorial Baxter Retching Faces Scale for the Measurement of Postoperative Nausea in Children.

Background Because nausea is difficult to evaluate in children, vomiting is used as the objective clinical end point in managing pediatric postoperative nausea and vomiting and postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV). The recently developed pictorial Baxter Retching Faces (BARF) scale has content, construct, and convergent validity in quantifying pediatric nausea intensity. We determined its clinical usefulness in assessing pediatric postoperative nausea and vomiting and PDNV, establishing the lowest age associated with consistently reliable use, the score at which patients identify a need for therapy, and the minimum clinically relevant change in scores, and examined its test-retest reliability. Methods We obtained subject ratings of the severity of their nausea using the BARF and visual analog scales in the preoperative, postanesthesia care unit and postdischarge phases. Changes in nausea were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, along with responses to queries of a need for rescue antiemetics at these time points. Results Children ≥6 years of age had a consistently reliable ability to use the BARF scale (132/132 [100%] vs 59/76 [77.6%] for children ≥6 and 6) in 13 (6.7%). Emesis occurred in 8 (4.1%). Rescue antiemetics were administered to 16 (8.3%), including 2 with severe emesis (≥3 episodes) but in only 2 of 11 (18.2%) with severe nausea without vomiting. PDNV was reported in 39 of the 99 who returned diaries (39.4%), with nausea in 34 (34.3%), severe nausea in 15 (15.2 %), and emesis in 16 (16.2%). Conclusions The pictorial BARF scale is easy to use in the clinical setting by children ≥6 years of age, has a minimum clinically relevant difference of 1.47, with scores of 4 or higher associated with a patient-identified need for rescue antiemetics. Assessment of postoperative nausea by the BARF scale has shown that clinically significant nausea occurs frequently in children but is not always treated unless accompanied by vomiting.
Reaction: Freezing Electrochemical Interfaces for Robustness in Electron Microscopy

Dr. Yifei Yuan obtained is PhD from Michigan Technological University in 2016. After 2 years of postdoctoral research at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), he is now a research assistant professor working jointly at UIC and ANL. Dr. Jun Lu is a chemist at Argonne National Laboratory. His research interests focus on electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology with a main focus on technology beyond Li-ion batteries. He received his BS degree from the University of Science and Technology of China in 2000 and his PhD from the University of Utah in 2009.
Cross-cultural Consumer Complaining Behavior in Service Industries: A Three-nation Study across the African Diaspora

Using social identification theory, the current research examines complaining behavior of services consumers of African descent in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States. The common trait of A...
Dislocation pile-ups at β1 precipitate interfaces in Mg-rare earth (RE) alloys

Abstract The local confinement of slip in a magnesium matrix by arrays of planar prismatic β1 precipitates in a dilute, over-aged Mg-Nd alloy is studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In situ indentation in TEM shows that matrix dislocations pile-up at precipitate interfaces in the confined regions. Analysis of the images from the in situ experiments as well as post mortem TEM of bulk compression samples reveals that, in the presence of a dislocation pile-up of sufficient intensity, slip is transmitted through the β1 precipitates. This impediment to dislocation motion from planar precipitate facets is analyzed using dislocation theory and density functional theory calculations. It is shown that the β1 precipitate “walls” result in a strong but not impenetrable barrier to slip transmission.
Compensatory grazing by Daphnia generates a trade‐off between top‐down and bottom‐up effects across phytoplankton taxa

Trade‐offs among traits that shape different components of fitness determine the potential for species to coexist in communities and the regulation of ecosystem productivity by consumers vs. resources. We compared functional and structural traits of 14 species of freshwater phytoplankton to test the influence of life history (exponential growth rate, r, and asymptotic density, K), cell volume, cellular fatty acid (FA) biochemistry, and stoichiometry (cellular C:N and C:P ratios) on grazing and growth rate of Daphnia consumers. Grazers exerted the strongest top‐down effects on algae with the highest C:N and C:P, and lower levels of FA unsaturation. In contrast, the grazer's growth rate was most associated with phytoplankton species’ FA unsaturation and chain length. Different traits were related to grazing rate and trophic transfer efficiency, and as a result, the grazing rate on a particular phytoplankton taxon was unrelated to the grazers’ growth rate. The best nutrient competitors (those with high C:N, C:P, and K, which previous experiments showed had lower minimum requirements for nutrients) were most heavily affected by grazing, but did not contribute the most to grazer growth. Our results indicate that Daphnia increase their food consumption rate in order to compensate for low stoichiometric food quality. Strong competitors with low nutrient demands may therefore be subject to the most intense grazing by individual consumers but not support greater production of higher trophic levels.
Undergraduate International Student Enrollment Forecasting Model: An Application of Time Series Analysis

This study developed statistical models to forecast international undergraduate student enrollment at a Midwest university. The authors constructed a SARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model with input variables to estimate future enrollment. The SARIMA model reflected enrollment patterns by semester through highlighting seasonality. Further, authors added input variables such as visa policy changes, the rapid increase of Chinese undergraduate enrollment, and tuition rate into the model estimation. The visa policy change and the increase of Chinese undergraduate enrollment were significant predictors of international undergraduate enrollment. The effect of tuition rates was significant but minimal in magnitude. Findings of this study generate significant implications for policy, enrollment management, and student services for international students.
Pinpointing the Genomic Localizations of Chromatin‐Associated Proteins: The Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow of ChIP‐seq

Chromatin-associated proteins are instrumental for controlling spatiotemporal gene expression. Determining where these proteins bind across the genome is critical for understanding gene regulation. A widely used technique at present is ChIP-seq, which leverages chromatin fragmentation, antibody-mediated enrichment, next-generation sequencing, and data analysis to uncover the genomic sequences and patterns of protein-DNA interactions. In this article, we will provide an overview of how ChIP-seq was developed, the key elements of the experimentation and data analysis pipeline, and the recent variations that push the boundaries of precision and cell number requirements. We will also briefly discuss how future development of ChIP-seq may further advance our understanding of chromatin biology. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Skyline Identification in Multi-Arm Bandits

We introduce a variant of the classical PAC multi-armed bandit problem. There is an ordered set of $n$ arms $A[1], \ldots, A[n]$ , each with some stochastic reward drawn from some unknown bounded distribution. The goal is to identify the skyline of the set $A$ , consisting of all arms $A[i]$ such that $A[i]$ has larger expected reward than all lower-numbered arms $A[1], \ldots, A[i-1]$ . We define a natural notion of an $\varepsilon$ -approximate skyline and prove matching upper and lower bounds for identifying an $\varepsilon$ -skyline. Specifically, we show that in order to identify an $\varepsilon$ -skyline from among arms with probability $1-\delta, \Theta\left(\frac{n}{\varepsilon^{2}}\cdot\min\left\{\log\left(\frac{1}{\epsilon\delta}\right), \log\left(\frac{n}{\delta}\right)\right\}\right)$ samples suffice and are necessary in the -worst case. When- $\varepsilon\gg 1/n$ , our results improve over the naive algorithm, which draws enough samples to approximate the expected reward of every arm; the algorithm of (Auer et al., AISTATS'16) for Pareto-optimal arm identification is likewise superseded. Our results show that the sample complexity of the skyline problem lies strictly in between that of best arm identification (Even-Dar et al., COLT'02) and that of approximating the expected reward of every arm. [Full version available on arXiv: arxiv.org/abs/1711.04213]
Comparative biology of the pentraxin protein family: evolutionarily conserved component of innate immune system.

The immune system is based on the actions of the collection of specialized immune defense cells and their secreted proteins and peptides that defend the host against infection by parasites. Parasites are organisms that live part or all of their lives in close physical association with the host and extract nutrients from the host and, by releasing toxins and virulence factors, cause disease with the potential for injury and premature death of that host. Parasites of the metazoa can be viruses, eubacteria, fungi, protozoans, and other metazoans. The immune system operates to kill or eliminate parasites and eliminate or detoxify their toxins and virulence factors. Although some of the elements of immune systems are specific to a particular phylum of metazoans, others show extensive evolutionary conservation, being present in several or all major phyla of the metazoa. The pentraxins display this latter character in their roles in immune defense. Pentraxins have been documented in vertebrates, nonvertebrate chordates, arthropods, and mollusks and may be present in other taxa of metazoans. Presumably the pentraxins appeared early in the evolution of metazoa, prior to their evolutionary divergence in the Precambrian epoch into many phyla present today, and have been preserved for the 542 million years since that explosive evolutionary radiation. The fidelity with which these phyla have preserved the pentraxins suggests that the functions of these proteins are important for survival of the members of these diverse taxa of animals.
Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Fixation With Indirect Decompression by Ligamentotaxis in Pathological Fractures.

Background The spine is the most common site of bony metastases. Associated pathological fractures can result in pain, neurological deficit, biomechanical instability, and deformity. Objective To present a minimally invasive technique for indirect decompression by ligamentotaxis in pathological fractures. Methods A minimally invasive approach was utilized to perform percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in patients who required stabilization for pathological fractures. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to compare spinal canal area and midsagittal canal diameter. Results Two patients with newly diagnosed pathological fractures underwent minimally invasive treatment. Each presented with minimal epidural disease and a chief complaint of intractable back pain without neurological deficit. They underwent minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation with indirect decompression by ligamentotaxis. In each case, postoperative imaging demonstrated an increase in spinal canal area and midsagittal canal diameter by an independent neuroradiologist. There were no perioperative complications, and each patient was neurologically stable without evidence of hardware failure at their 5- and 6-mo follow-up visits. Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous fixation can be used to stabilize pathological fractures and provide indirect decompression by ligamentotaxis. This procedure is associated with minimal blood loss, low morbidity, and rapid initiation of radiation therapy. Only patients with minimal epidural disease, stenosis caused primarily by bony retropulsion, and mild-to-moderate deformity should be considered candidates for this approach.
Themes of Gerotranscendence in Narrative Identity Within Structured Life Review

Abstract. Narrative identity is a person’s internalized and evolving life story. It provides a person with some degree of unity and purpose over the life course. It is shaped by the themes, plots, ...
Open Payments Reporting of Industry Compensation for Orthopedic Residents

Objectives Residents receiving industry payments are not legally required to be reported on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments Database. The purpose of this study is to review reporting of orthopedic surgery residents and identify the trends for which payments or transfers in value were received. Design The CMS Open Payments Database was used to search for all available orthopedic residents from 2014 to 2016. All data available on the CMS Open Payments Database was recorded. Setting/Participants This is a database study. Participants are residents reported in the CMS Open Payments Database. Results Over the 3-year period, 6832 resident “entities” were identified from 151 programs. A total of 3217 entities (47%) were reported as receiving payments from industry during this time period. This totaled $3,786,754 over the 3 year study period. The largest itemized categories for payment were education (32.5%) and grants (30.9%) totaling more than $2.4 million. Other areas of payment included travel (17.0%), food (16.0%), consultation fee (1.7%), research (0.8%), speaker fee (0.7%), gift (0.1%), honoraria (0.1%), and other (0.02%). Conclusion Overall, 47% of orthopedic resident entities were reported on the CMS Open Payments Database. The vast majority of payments were related to education and grants. Residents should become familiar with how to navigate the Open Payments Database and be educated on maintaining appropriate relationships with industry.
The prosocial sadist? A comparison of BDSM sadism and everyday sadism

Abstract Research has begun to investigate subclinical levels of sadism including “everyday sadism:” an enjoyment of cruelty in normal, everyday situations. Thus far, subclinical sadism has been conceptualized as inherently antisocial, as with Internet trolls. We examined a potentially prosocial manifestation of sadism: self-identified sadists in the BDSM (bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism) community who cause pain only to consenting partners. A total of 532 BDSM practitioners and non-practitioners completed measures of everyday sadism with consent explicit, non-consent explicit, or consent ambiguous, and known correlates of everyday sadism (empathy, HEXACO traits, and Dark Triad traits). Across both samples and all conditions, everyday sadism correlated negatively with affective empathy, agreeableness, and honesty-humility, and positively with Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These results support the validity of the measure of everyday sadism among BDSM practitioners. Psychopathy uniquely predicted everyday sadism among BDSM practitioners when non-consent was explicit. BDSM sadists differed significantly from non-sadistic BDSM tops only on the physical subscale of everyday sadism and only when consent was explicit. These findings suggest that most BDSM sadists are not everyday sadists, and that BDSM sadism might represent a prosocial manifestation of subclinical sadism, but that BDSM sadists with high levels of psychopathy might be everyday sadists.
A Community Addresses Food Security Needs

In response both to changes in the political climate regarding welfare and an increasing demand for food assistance programs, Brown County University of Wisconsin Extension launched a research effort and action plan to address food insecurity. Using the USDA Household Food Security Survey, in 1998 and 1999 social work students at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay surveyed at-risk populations in Green Bay to determine the prevalence of food insecurity. The 1999 survey respondents also identified reasons for their food insecurity and initiatives that might help. Using the survey results, the Brown County Food and Hunger Network developed and began implementation of an action plan to address the problem. This report provides the survey results and related action plan. It encourages others to initiate a similar process that mobilizes communities to address hunger and food insecurity.
Technical communication at a crossroads: documentation meets multimedia in a software company

Discusses the impact of multimedia technology on the technical communication profession. The authors maintain that the introduction of this technology necessitates organizational changes in the technical communication environment at the same time that it creates new opportunities for professional development. They emphasize that success in this new environment depends to a large extent on the adoption of a thoroughly professional and genuine interdisciplinary approach. >
Validation of agent based crowd egress simulation

Crowd behavior simulation has been an active field of research because of its utility in several applications such as emergency planning and evacuations, designing and planning pedestrian areas, subway or rail-road stations, besides in education, training and entertainment. The most advanced and realistic simulation systems employ intelligent autonomous agents with a balance between individual and group intelligence for scalability of the architectures. Although several systems have even been commercialized, little attention has been accorded to the problem of validating the outcomes of these simulations in a generalized manner, against reality. The extent of validation fails to go much beyond visual matching between the simulation and the actual scenarios (with recordings of human crowds), which can lead to highly subjective and often questionable conclusions. The existing numerical measures often rely on ad-hoc applications, e.g., local crowd densities are measured to verify patterns, without a systematic procedure to identify at what times in the simulation and the scenarios can the densities be compared. Furthermore, if there are multiple systems that simulate crowd behavior in the same scenario in the same virtual environment, then no technique is currently known to quantitatively compare these systems in terms of realism. In this abstract, we present the first (to the best of our knowledge) principled, unified, and automated technique to quantitatively validate and compare the global performance of crowd egress simulation systems. We also evaluate a multiagent based crowd egress simulation system (that we have recently developed, but we do not discuss this system here) using our technique and demonstrate a high degree of validity of that system as well.
Polymer membrane electrodes: Part II. A potassium ion-selective membrane electrode

Abstract An ion-selective plasticized polymer membrane electrode of the ion-exchange type is described for potassium. The chemical nature of the plasticizer has a dominant influence on the selectivity of the electrode towards univalent cations. The selectivity ratio was examined over an extended time interval as a function of membrane thickness and plasticizer content. A simplified procedure for the determination of the selectivity ratio of the electrode in mixed electrolyte solutions is proposed and compared with several of the methods which have been described in the literature.