cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anxiety contributes to suicidality in depressed adolescents.

Several studies have suggested a positive association between anxiety symptoms and suicidality in adults. However, relatively little is known about this topic in adolescents. To investigate this issue, we examined a group of adolescents admitted to our psychiatric inpatient unit. Fifty-six adolescents (mean age = 14.8 +/- 1.4; females = 34, males = 22; race = 95% Caucasians) participated in the study. Diagnoses were made using the DSM-III-R criteria and a diagnostic interview. Anxiety was found to significantly correlate with depression (r = .60; P = < .05) and suicidality (r = .72; P < .05). A multiple regression analysis revealed that anxiety and depression together accounted for more than half (55%) of the variance in suicidal ideation [F(2,46) = 28.4; P < .0001]. In addition, anxiety had an independent ability to predict suicidality (t = 5.01; P < .0001). Self-rated but not clinician-rated suicidality was positively correlated with both anxiety and depression. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
In vitro metabolism of rat mammary gland: respiration, aerobic glycolysis and carbon dioxide production.

THE mammary gland of the young virgin rat consists of a relatively simple group of ducts ramifying into a fatty pad. During recurring estrous cycles and the first part of pregnancy considerable proliferation (growth) of these ducts is observed. At about midpregnancy the growth of the lobule alveolar system is nearly completed. As pregnancy nears its termination the gland becomes a potential milk secreting (working) tissue however a limited secretion results in the accumulation of colostrum. At parturition, profuse secretion starts and its intensity may continue to increase for about 2 weeks (Brody and Nisbet, 1938) followed by a slow decline in secretory activity. The alveolar tissue regresses (involutes) following weaning. These physiological processes are known to be dependent upon intricate endocrine influences. The mammary gland is, therefore, a tissue which grows, works (secretes), and ages (involutes) in cycles throughout the reproductive life of the animal.
A 36 DOF Symmetrically Laminated Triangular Element with Shear Deformation and Rotatory Inertia

An approach is presented in the formulation of a 36 d.o.f. symmetrically laminated composite triangular plate element including the enect of shear deformation for free vibra tion analysis. The strain energy of plates can be expressed as the sum of the flexural and shear strain energies. The total displacement is expressed as the sum of the displacement due to bending and that due to shear deformation. Thus only the displacement due to bend ing appear in the flexural strain energy and the displacement due to shear deformation ap pear in the shear strain energy. Numerical results for natural frequencies for a range of dif ferent isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic plates with various thickness-to-length ratios are obtained and compared with various alternative solutions available in the literature to demonstrate the valid range of applicability of this approach for the free vibration of plates with the effect of shear deformation.
The economic determinants of professional sports franchise values

This article examines the effect of team nomenclature, team relocation, and new stadiums on franchise values for the four major professional sports. The results indicate that market size, team perf...
Mentoring Younger Faculty

. Mentoring new faculty into vocations of teaching falls squarely on the shoulders of those entrusted with setting the course for the next generation of faculty. Often the role of new teacher development is assigned to senior faculty. In this essay the author provides an autobiographical account of experiences both as a mentor and as one who had been mentored. Carefully weaving threads of experience with pedagogical insight, the author crafts a tapestry that accentuates how mentors can play important roles in the maturation of newer faculty by attention to research and publication, teaching, and service. A list of recommendations pertaining to the beneficial aspects of mentoring for faculty and schools is provided.
Spinal Pharmacology of Thermal Hyperesthesia Induced by Incomplete Ligation of Sciatic Nerve I. Opioid and Nonopioid Receptors

Mechanisms underlying the pain state in humans that follows incomplete injury to peripheral nerve are little understood. To gain better understanding of this phenomenon, this study evaluated the effects on the thermally evoked hind-paw withdrawal latency produced by the intrathecal administration of morphine, U-50 488H (U-50), (D-Pen2, D-Pen5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), ST-91, baclofen, muscimol, and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide-adenosine (NECA) in normal rats and in rats with a hind paw rendered unilaterally hyperesthetic by the unilateral application of loose ligatures to the sciatic nerve. In the animals with one ligated nerve, the hind-paw latency for the ligated paw was typically 2-4 s less than that for the nonligated paw, at 7-11 days postoperatively. In normal rats prepared with chronic intrathecal catheters, dose-dependent increases in paw withdrawal latency were observed; the order of activity was: baclofen, ST-91, morphine, muscimol, DPDPE much greater than U50, NECA greater than or equal to 0. In the nonligated (nonhyperesthetic) paw of the lesioned animals, intrathecal agents also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the paw withdrawal latency; the order of potency was: NECA, baclofen, morphine, ST-91, muscimol, DPDPE greater than U50 greater than or equal to 0. For both NECA and morphine, the median effective dose (ED50) values were significantly less in the nonhyperesthetic hind paw. For the hyperesthetic paw, the dose-response curves were parallel to those obtained concurrently in the nonhyperesthetic paw but were shifted significantly to the right by a factor of 3-5, with the rank order of activity in the hyperesthetic paw being baclofen, morphine, muscimol, DPDPE greater than ST-91, NECA, U50 greater than or equal to 0. These data indicate that 1) spinal receptor systems that alter thermal afferent processing in the normal animal are similarly active in the hyperesthetic paw of the lesioned animal; and 2) unexpectedly, despite similar predrug response latencies, certain receptor systems regulating the response in the nonhyperesthetic paw of the lesioned rat (morphine and NECA) show greater activity than in the nonlesioned rat.
Reduced TOR signaling sustains hyphal development in Candida albicans by lowering Hog1 basal activity

Candida albicans is able to undergo reversible morphological changes between yeast and hyphal forms in response to environmental cues. This morphological plasticity is essential for its pathogenesis. Hyphal development requires two temporally linked changes in promoter chromatin, which is sequentially regulated by temporarily clearing the transcription inhibitor Nrg1 upon activation of cAMP/protein kinase A and promoter recruitment of the histone deacetylase Hda1 under reduced target of rapamycin (Tor1) signaling. The GATA family transcription factor Brg1 recruits Hda1 to promoters for sustained hyphal development, and BRG1 expression is a readout of reduced Tor1 signaling. How Tor1 regulates BRG1 expression is not clear. Using a forward genetic screen for mutants that can sustain hyphal elongation in rich media, we found hog1, ssk2, and pbs2 mutants of the HOG mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to express BRG1 irrespective of rapamycin. Furthermore, rapamycin lowers the basal activity of Hog1 through the functions of the two Hog1 tyrosine phosphatases Ptp2 and Ptp3. Active Hog1 represses the expression of BRG1 via the transcriptional repressor Sko1 as Sko1 disassociates from the promoter of BRG1 in the hog1 mutant or in rapamycin. Our data suggest that reduced Tor1 signaling lowers Hog1 basal activity via Hog1 phosphatases to activate BRG1 expression for hyphal elongation.
Advances in computer simulation

Computer simulation is currently undergoing an explosion of innovation and a dramatic increase in its range of application. New hardware and software paradigms, such as the transputer, massive parallelism and emergent artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, are helping to fuel this surge. A wide range of advances in simulation research presented at the 24th Annual Simulation Symposium is discussed in the context of this framework. >
Switch scheduling via randomized edge coloring

The essence of an Internet router is an n /spl times/ n switch which routes packets from input to output ports. Such a switch can be viewed as a bipartite graph with the input and output ports as the two vertex sets. Packets arriving at input port i and destined for output port j can be modeled as an edge from i to j. Current switch scheduling algorithms view the routing of packets at each time step as a selection of a bipartite matching. We take the view that the switch scheduling problem across a sequence of time-steps is an instance of the edge coloring problem for a bipartite multigraph. Implementation considerations lead us to seek edge coloring algorithms for bipartite multigraphs that are fast, decentralized, and online. We present a randomized algorithm which has the desired properties, and uses only a near-optimal /spl Delta/ + o(/spl Delta/) colors on dense bipartite graphs arising in the context of switch scheduling. This algorithm extends to non-bipartite graphs as well. It leads to a novel switch scheduling algorithm which, for stochastic online edge arrivals, is stable, i.e. the queue length at each input port is bounded at all times. We note that this is the first decentralized switch scheduling algorithm that is also guaranteed to be stable.
Hemodynamic Effects of Rapid Bolus Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate

We found that rapid bolus administration of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate in the recommended clinical dose produced significant, though transient, increases in intracranial pressure and decreases in blood pressure in dogs. These effects, which are related to the high osmolarity of the drug (2,000 mOsm/L), are not found when it is administered slowly.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Within the last 3 years, 16 cats with ascites and diffuse peritonitis were received at our pathology laboratory. The disease was similar in all the cats and apparently represents a previously undescribed entity. Although the cause is unknown, we have reproduced the dis- ease experimentally in germ-free and conventional cats. The purpose of this report is to describe the naturally occurring disease and our attempts to demonstrate an etiologic agent. trachea, lung, myocardium, abdominal aorta, tongue, tonsil, salivary gland, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon, pancreas, liver, omentum, mesentery, kidney, urinary bladdcr, testes or ovary, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, splccn, rib, femur, abdominal muscle and peritoneum, mcsenteric and mandibular lymph nodes, diaphragm, conjunctiva, eye, cerebral cortex, cercbellum, pons, medulla, and spinal cord. The stains and histochemical reactions uscd on sclected tissues included Von I<ossa's, alizarin red S, phospho- tungstic acid hematoxylin (P'TRH), periodic acid-Schiff, Giemsa's, Grocott's, I<inyoun's acid fast and Gram's. Smears of abciomiiial exudate for cytologic study were stained with Ficld's stain. Cell blocks of exudatc werc stained with Grocott's, Kinyoun's acid fast, Giemsa's, Gram's, and hematoxylin and eosin stains. 'The culture mediums used to demonstrate microorganisms included blood, chocolate, Lowens tein- Jensen's, and Sabouraud's agars, mycoplasma agar (7 parts Difco PPLO agar, 2 parts unheated horse serum, 1 part 25% yeast extract) and thioglycollate broth. The inoculated media were maintained aerobically and
Responses of group III and IV muscle afferents to dynamic exercise

Adreani, Christine M., Janeen M. Hill, and Marc P. Kaufman.Responses of group III and IV muscle afferents to dynamic exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 1811–1817, 1997.—Tetanic contraction of hindl...
Motivational Effects of the Pituitary and Adrenal Hormones

Although it has been accepted as fact for many years that the hormones of reproduction affect a variety of reproductive as well as non-reproductive behaviors, only recently have the hormones of the pituitary and adrenal glands been viewed as behaviorally significant, thanks largely to the pioneering work of De Wied and his co-workers. As an index of the burgeoning interest in this area, review articles, conference summaries or major portions thereof, and entire volumes devoted to this topic have been appearing at an accelerating rate (James & Landon, 1968 Ganong & Martini, 1969; De Wied & Weijnen, 1970; Di Giusto et al., 1971; Sawyer & Gorski, 1971; Levine, 1972; Brodish & Redgate, 1973; Lissak, 1973; Smith, 1973; Zimmermann et al., 1973; Broverman et al., 1974).
Musical Audio Synthesis Using Autoencoding Neural Nets

With an optimal network topology and tuning of hyperpa- rameters, artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be trained to learn a mapping from low level audio features to one or more higher-level representations. Such artificial neu- ral networks are commonly used in classification and re- gression settings to perform arbitrary tasks. In this work we suggest repurposing autoencoding neural networks as musical audio synthesizers. We offer an interactive musi- cal audio synthesis system that uses feedforward artificial neural networks for musical audio synthesis, rather than discriminative or regression tasks. In our system an ANN is trained on frames of low-level features. A high level representation of the musical audio is learned though an autoencoding neural net. Our real-time synthesis system allows one to interact directly with the parameters of the model and generate musical audio in real time. This work therefore proposes the exploitation of neural networks for creative musical applications.
Fractionating Polymer Microspheres as Highly Accurate Density Standards

This paper describes a method of isolating small, highly accurate density-standard beads and characterizing their densities using accurate and experimentally traceable techniques. Density standards have a variety of applications, including the characterization of density gradients, which are used to separate objects in a variety of fields. Glass density-standard beads can be very accurate (±0.0001 g cm–3) but are too large (3–7 mm in diameter) for many applications. When smaller density standards are needed, commercial polymer microspheres are often used. These microspheres have standard deviations in density ranging from 0.006 to 0.021 g cm–3; these distributions in density make these microspheres impractical for applications demanding small steps in density. In this paper, commercial microspheres are fractionated using aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS), aqueous mixture of polymers and salts that spontaneously separate into phases having molecularly sharp steps in density, to isolate microspheres having ...
I The Elements of Radiative Transfer

Publisher Summary This chapter uses the elementary approach of Schuster and Schwarzschild for the solution of the equation of radiative transfer. Radiative transfer means the transport of light energy through matter, which is usually in a vacuum or embedded in a neutral medium. This medium is supposed to have no influence on the light energy—that is, it neither absorbs the energy nor changes its direction of travel. The theory of radiative transfer is required to solve both celestial and terrestrial problems. The glowing photosphere of the sun is surrounded by a cloud of electrons that reradiate the direct sunlight incident on them. Sunlight is also reradiated by cosmic dust, which accounts for the outer part of the corona and for the zodiacal light. For instances such as, paper, pigments in gelatin, fluorides of calcium and sodium suspended in glass (opal glass), silver halides suspended in gelatin (photographic emulsions)—all are scattering systems for which theories have been developed and are still being developed. These theories are described in an elementary manner in the chapter.
Effects of Gender on Leaders' Responses to Poor Performers: An Attributional Interpretation

The present study investigated the effects of leader gender and subordinate gender on the manner in which leaders respond to poor performance by subordinates. Analyses revealed that the gender of t...
What we have learned about treating mild gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, with risks not only associated with more severe forms of GDM, but milder forms of GDM as well. Treatment of mild GDM with dietary intervention and insulin when necessary has proven to be effective in reducing the risks of several, but not all, adverse perinatal outcomes. Less is known about the long-term benefits of mild GDM treatment. This article will review the benefits of mild GDM treatment, and related risk factors, on short-term and long-term maternal and neonatal/child outcomes, with an emphasis on research conducted by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network.
Eighteenth-century reception of Italian opera in London.

iv INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: ITALIAN OPERA “STEALS” INTO ENGLAND 7 CHAPTER 2: THE INEVITABLE ITALIAN “INVASION” 21 CHAPTER 3: THE BEGGAR’S OPERA AND THE FALL OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY 36 CHAPTER 4: OPERA IN LONDON AFTER HANDEL 45 REFERENCES 57 CURRICULUM VITAE 60
IGF-I and insulin amplify IL-1β-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin biosynthesis

The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induces both cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with concomitant release of PGs and nitric oxide (NO) by glomerular mesangial cells. In our current studies, we determine whether insulin and IGF-I are involved in the signal transduction mechanisms resulting in IL-1β-induced NO and PGE2biosynthesis in renal mesangial cells. We demonstrate that both insulin and IGF-I increase IL-1β-induced Cox-2 and iNOS protein expression, which in turn enhance PGE2 and NO production. Our data also indicate that both insulin and IGF-I enhance IL-1β-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and SAPK activation. These findings implicate the possible role of the MAPK pathway in mediating the effects of insulin and IGF-I on the upregulation of cytokine-stimulated NO and PG biosynthesis. Together, our results indicate that IGF-I and insulin may function to modulate the renal inflammatory process.
Direct observation of lubricant additives using tomography techniques

Lubricants play important roles in daily activities such as driving, walking, and cooking. The current understanding of mechanisms of lubrication, particularly in mechanical systems, has been limited by the lack of capability in direct observation. Here, we report an in situ approach to directly observe the motion of additive particles in grease under the influence of shear. Using the K-edge tomography technique, it is possible to detect particular additives in a grease and observe their distribution through 3D visualization. A commercial grease as a reference was studied with and without an inorganic additive of Fe3O4 microparticles. The results showed that it was possible to identify these particles and track their movement. Under a shear stress, Fe3O4 particles were found to adhere to the edge of calcium complex thickeners commonly used in grease. Due to sliding, the grease formed a film with increased density. This approach enables in-line monitoring of a lubricant and future investigation in mechanisms of lubrication.
Practical Application of Microseisms to Forecasting

The term microseisms applies to all elastic wave systems which are propagated along the surface of the earth and which, on the one hand, are not caused by earthquakes and, on the other hand, are not purely local man-made disturbances due to traffic or industrial activity. We may also exclude from present consideration the more or less irregular local vibrations produced by natural causes, such as varying pressure of the wind on a particular structure, wind friction on a landscape, freezing and thawing of the ground, jerky movements due to cooling of structures or of hills or other topographic features, although these are often referred to in the literature as a class of microseisms. We are thus restricting our attention to elastic surface waves which are propagated in the earth’s crust over appreciable distances. These microseisms seem to be of different types and to appear in discontinuous frequency bands rather than in a continuous spectrum.
A video-based, personalized web page (VBPWP) as a complement to clinical trial (CT) patient management.

266Background: Most advances in the diagnosis and treatment (Tx) of patients (pts) with genitourinary (GU) cancers are the result of pt involvement in CTs. There is a clear need to identify ways to improve CT processes for pts and research teams (RTs). The goal of this project is to assess the use of a VBPWP to improve pt compliance, safety, CT quality, and RT efficiency in GU CTs of oral agents. Methods: This is an unblinded, randomized trial using a VBPWP as an intervention (INT) for pts with advanced non-metastatic (M0) or metastatic (M1) GU cancers. Pts consented but not yet started on CTs of oral agents are randomized 2:1 to the INT or control arm. The INT includes videos of provider-pt encounters and educational videos related to dosing and adverse events (AEs). Target accrual is 99 pts. The primary end point is number of cumulative pt violations (PVs) over 4 cycles (4Cs) of INT. PVs are defined as improper dosing, non-compliance, and failure to report AEs or hospitalizations. Herein we report an ea...
Log-Canonical Coordinates for Poisson Brackets and Rational Changes of Coordinates

Abstract Goodearl and Launois have shown in Goodearl and Launois (2011) that for a log-canonical Poisson bracket on affine space there is no rational change of coordinates for which the Poisson bracket is constant. Our main result is a proof of a conjecture of Michael Shapiro which states that if affine space is given a log-canonical Poisson bracket, then there does not exist any rational change of coordinates for which the Poisson bracket is linear. Hence, log-canonical coordinates can be thought of as the simplest possible algebraic coordinates for affine space with a log-canonical coordinate system. In proving this conjecture we find certain invariants of log-canonical Poisson brackets on affine space which linear Poisson brackets do not have.
Isotropic transformation acoustics and applications

A novel class of acoustic metamaterial is proposed for directional collimation of a cylindrical source into a plane wave beam. The effect is based on transformation acoustics which retains the exact form of the wave equation under conformal mapping from a circular region to a triangular area. The transformation is adjustable, allowing the acoustic energy to be equally radiated in three directions, or preferentially in a single direction. Importantly, the material properties in the physical domain are isotropic and therefore practically realizable. Two example devices are proposed using cylindrical elastic shells in water as the metamaterial elements and demonstrated using full wave simulations. This approach has potential applications beyond acoustic antenna design in beam-steering and wavefront manipulation.
Agonum tulliae sp. n. from the Sila National Park (Calabria, southern Italy) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini)

Agonum tulliae sp. n. is described from the Sila Massif upland in Calabria, Italy. This species is similar to Agonum ( Olisares ) sexpunctatum (Linne, 1758) as far as the external morphology is concerned, but it is easy to distinguish by the colour pattern, the shape of pronotum, and at best by the morphology of male genitalia. The study includes some remarks about the habitat and ecology of the new species. It lives only in the eastern part of the Sila massif and occupies the southernmost part of the distribution area of the Agonum sexpunctatum (Linne, 1758) complex in Italy.
Targeting Dengue Virus Replication in Mosquitoes

Abstract Dengue virus (DENV) causes millions of human infections globally each year, many of which lead to serious disease; however, specific therapies or effective vaccines are not available for intervention. DENV is maintained in a transmission cycle involving only humans and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. A thorough understanding of the Aedes–DENV interactions that enable viral persistence in the mosquito could lead to identification of targets for interruption of this transmission cycle and control of disease. During the last two decades, research has revealed a great deal about Aedes spp. antiviral defenses, particularly RNA interference (RNAi), the most specific and robust antiviral immune pathways. In this chapter, we review current knowledge of Aedes RNAi, with an emphasis on most recent discoveries in antiviral Piwi-interacting RNA mechanisms. We also discuss applications of RNAi to render transgenic mosquitoes resistant to DENV infection and novel strategies to drive transgenes into populations by super-Mendelian inheritance.
Representationalism at work: dashboards and data analytics in urban education

This paper explores data analytics applied to urban education, focusing in particular on issues of representationalism, the view that representations (here, digital data) stand in mimetic relation ...
Testbeds and technologies for potential Mars orbital sample capture and manipulation

Potential future Mars Sample Return (MSR) missions could collect planetary samples and launch them into Mars orbit; in a follow-on mission, a spacecraft could rendezvous with the orbital sample (OS) to return the samples to Earth. Due to planetary protection requirements and the need to position the OS in a preferred orientation for Earth re-entry, the rendezvous phase would present a number of technical challenges. To address these challenges, this paper presents a new end-to-end testbed elements demonstrating new technologies for 1. capture of the OS within the spacecraft, 2. orientation of the OS, and 3. stowage of the OS to a Primary Containment Vessel (PCV) and internal transfer of the PCV within the spacecraft to an Earth Return Module (ERM). The end-to-end testbed consists of a 3 DOF planar robotic arm, a capture cone volume, two interchangeable orientation mechanisms, and two interchangeable internal transfer mechanisms. To simulate zero gravity during the capture stage, a cyber-physical approach is used here that fuses simulation, hardware, and autonomy elements. During the capture stage, contact dynamics of the OS with the capture cone and robotic arm end-effector is simulated using high-fidelity multibody dynamics simulation software in-the-loop. The output of the simulation is used to control the state of the physical OS in real-time using a 3 DOF robotic gantry. Additionally, the end-effector of the robotic arm is equipped with a force-torque sensor and camera to detect contact and track the OS. In the second stage, two novel mechanisms demonstrate successful orientation of the OS. In the first orientation mechanism, wipers sweep the surface of a spherical OS to engage a positive feature, thereby manipulating the OS into a preferential orientation. In the second orientation mechanism, two sets of cups selectively engage and rotate a spherical OS about two orthogonal axes; the mechanism can be operated autonomously using computer vision or interactively with a human operator in-the-loop. Finally, in the third stage, two novel mechanisms demonstrate successful internal transfer of the OS within the spacecraft volume. The internal transfer motion requires 3 DOF (rotation, translation and release of the OS). In the first internal transfer mechanism, each DOF is independently controlled using three actuators. In the second internal transfer mechanism, the 3DOF are coupled mechanically using a single actuator.
ML programming in constructive type theory

ML programs can be considered as the terms of a constructive type theory such as Nuprl, and the rules of the theory become a programming logic for ML. We are using such an embedding of ML to support the Ensemble fault-tolerant group communication system with the Nuprl prover. The Ensemble system is a successor to the widely used Isis system built by Ken Birman's group at Cornell and now sold by Stratus Corporation. It was first written in C, under the name Horns, and re-coded in ML as part of an effort to make it more modular and reliable by building a “reference” implementation. The ML version consists of many small protocols that can be configured into stacks for processing messages. The reference version performed so well that it has become the production system.
Anterior treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures

A 46-year-old male was riding an all-terrain vehicle at about 30 mph when he lost control and fell backward off the vehicle, landing on his buttocks and back. He immediately experienced severe back pain and was brought to the nearest hospital for evaluation, and then transferred to a tertiary referral center for treatment of an L1 burst fracture. On evaluation, he complained of severe low back pain, along with numbness and tingling in his lower extremities, but no weakness, or loss of bowel or bladder control. He was tender to palpation over the thoracolumbar junction with no palpable stepoff or interspinous widening. His motor exam was normal, and he had decreased sensation in the L4, L5, and S1 dermatomes. He had no other associated injuries.
Quantifying impacts of climate variability and human activities on the streamflow of an Alpine river

In this study, we present a review of the current state-of-the-art research on streamflow alteration assessment, and examine the impact of climate variability and human activities on the natural streamflow of a tributary of Lake Maggiore (north-western Italy). The recent concept of climate elasticity of streamflow was used to indicate in which parameters the streamflow is more sensitive. First, a statistically identified change point was used to define the base period. Methods including hydrological sensitivity, climate elasticity and hydrological modelling then allowed us to estimate the anthropogenic and climatic effects on streamflow and to have an idea of the complicated non-linear relationship among streamflow, precipitation and temperature. Our results suggest that climate variability accounted for 85% of the decrease in streamflow. The remaining change could result from land cover-use change. The climate elasticity method used in this study could predict streamflow for future climatic change scenarios.
Aqueous Benzylic C-H Trifluoromethylation for Late-Stage Functionalization.

The installation of trifluoromethyl groups has become an essential step across a number of industries such as agrochemicals, drug discovery, and materials. Consequently, the rapid introduction of this critical functional group in a predictable fashion would benefit current practitioners in those fields. This communication describes a mild trifluoromethylation of benzylic C–H bonds with high selectivity for the least hindered hydrogen atom. The reaction provides monotrifluoromethylation and proceeds in an environmentally friendly acetone/water solvent system. The method can be used to install benzylic trifluoromethyl groups on highly functionalized drug molecules.
Thou Shalt Honor Thy Father and Mother

My father died unexpectedly, a year before I finished at Harvard. My mother followed him only two years after I settled into Purdue for a career they had made possible. I was only just getting to know them as people, not parents. I took it in stride because they taught me that life was for living, not crying. But their passing left scars of sadness, as most of my grandparents lived 25–30 years longer. Here I write about my family—looking back long after the happy years of childhood and early adult maturation; about our pathways through thick and thin; about tragedy that is part of finding yourself in the diversity of an incredible family; and about the challenge of forgiveness.
Isolation of Amine Derivatives of (ZnSe)34 and (CdTe)34. Spectroscopic Comparisons of the (II–VI)13 and (II–VI)34 Magic-Size Nanoclusters

The spectroscopically observed magic-size nanoclusters (ZnSe)34 and (CdTe)34 are isolated as amine derivatives. The nanoclusters [(ZnSe)34(n-octylamine)29±6(di-n-octylamine)5±4] and [(CdTe)34(n-octylamine)4±3(di-n-pentylamine)13±3] are fully characterized by combustion-based elemental analysis, UV–visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Amine derivatives of both (ZnSe)34 and (CdTe)34 are observed to convert to the corresponding (ZnSe)13 and (CdTe)13 derivatives, indicating that the former are kinetic products and the latter thermodynamic products, under the conditions employed. This conversion process is significantly inhibited in the presence of secondary amines. The isolation of the two new nanocluster derivatives adds to a total of nine of 12 possible isolated derivatives in the (II–VI)13 and (II–VI)34 families (II = Zn, Cd; VI = S, Se, Te), allowing comparisons of their properties. The members of these two families exhibit extensive spectroscopic homologies. In both the (II–VI)13...
Towards Descartes’ Scientific Method: a posteriori Evidence and the Rhetoric of Les Météores

I argue that Descartes uses his method as evidence in the Discours and Les Meteores. I begin by establishing there is a single method in Descartes’ works, using his meteorology as a case study. First, I hold that the method of the Regulae is best explained by two examples: one scientific, his proof of the anaclastic curve (1626), and one metaphysical, his question of the essence and scope of human knowledge (1628). Based on this account, I suggest that the form of his early metaphysics (not its content) is similar to the method of doubt of the Meditationes. Second, I argue that Descartes’ explanation of the cause of parhelia (1629) likewise contains a formulation of this procedure. I provide a novel reading of Les Meteores, where, following Descartes’ guidance in the Discours and Correspondance, I interpret his meteorology by reasoning from effects to causes, in this case, from Christoph Scheiner’s 1626 observation of parhelia to his meteorological foundation. This backwards orientation to Les Meteores, I argue, reveals an instance of Descartes’ scientific method. I conclude with remarks on Descartes’ concept of evidentia, in which I explain how he incorporates a posteriori evidence and an apparent hypothetical foundation into his rationalist epistemology where he uses his method as evidence for his claims.
Neural activity in the periaqueductal gray and other specific subcortical structures is enhanced when a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor selectively prevents seizure-induced sudden death in the DBA/1 mouse model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Objective Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a critical issue in epilepsy, and DBA/1 mice are a useful animal model of this devastating epilepsy sequela. The serotonin hypothesis for SUDEP proposes that modifying serotonergic function significantly alters susceptibility to seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA). Agents that enhance serotonergic function, including a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, selectively prevent S-IRA in DBA/1 mice. This study examined fluoxetine-induced changes in brain activity using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to reveal sites in the DBA/1 mouse brain where fluoxetine acts to prevent S-IRA. Methods DBA/1 mice were subjected to audiogenic seizures (Sz) after saline or fluoxetine (45 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) administration. Control DBA/1 mice received fluoxetine or saline, but Sz were not evoked. A previous MEMRI study established the regions of interest (ROIs) for Sz in the DBA/1 mouse brain, and the present study examined MEMRI differences in the ROIs of these mouse groups. Results The neural activity in several ROIs was significantly increased in fluoxetine-treated DBA/1 mice that exhibited Sz but not S-IRA when compared to the saline-treated mice that exhibited both Sz and respiratory arrest. These structures included the periaqueductal gray (PAG), amygdala, reticular formation (sensorimotor-limbic network), Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, facial-parafacial group (respiratory network), and pontine raphe. Of these ROIs, only the PAG showed significantly decreased neural activity with saline pretreatment when seizure-induced respiratory arrest occurred as compared to saline treatment without seizure. Significance The PAG is known to play an important compensatory role for respiratory distress caused by numerous exigent situations in normal animals. The pattern of fluoxetine-induced activity changes in the present study suggests that PAG may be the most critical target for fluoxetine's action to prevent seizure-induced sudden death. These findings have potential clinical importance, because there is evidence of anomalous serotonergic function and PAG imaging abnormalities in human SUDEP.
MRI of Pediatric Orbital Masses: Role of Quantitative Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Lesions.

To systematically evaluate the utility of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging, in differentiating benign from malignant pediatric orbital masses. The use of MRI in 40 pediatric patients with orbital masses was retrospectively reviewed. Multiple subjective and objective MRI parameters, including lesion mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and lesion-to-thalamus ADC ratio were recorded. Bivariate analysis was done to identify parameters that were significantly different between benign and malignant subgroups. Receiver operating curves were used to establish optimal cut-off values for lesion mean ADC and lesion-to-thalamus ADC ratio for predicting benign versus malignant lesions. Lesion mean ADC, lesion-to-thalamus ADC ratio and extent of contrast enhancement showed statistically significant differences between the two subgroups. For distinguishing benign from malignant lesions, a lesion mean ADC cut-off value of 1.14 × 10−3 mm2/s provided a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100%, while an ADC ratio of 1.4 provided a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 89%. Quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging can be a useful adjunct in characterizing pediatric orbital masses by MRI, and thus help in clinical decision making.
SLAM for Robotic Navigation by Fusing RGB-D and Inertial Data in Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a key component for mobile robot navigation that enables many service robotic applications. The capacity of acquiring accurate 3D-map of an environment is critical for robots to perform various tasks with a high degree of autonomy. Due to the indoor environment complexity and sensor uncertainties, SLAM remains a challenging task in the domain of 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective solution for RGB-D based SLAM by integrating an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) into a recurrent and convolutional neural network that leads to enhanced pose estimation and point cloud registration. The IMU data provide an advantage of fast rate inertial data measurement and drift error reduction. Specifically, by imposing additional constraints from the IMU device, an optimal long-short term memory LSTM) is trained to mitigate scale ambiguity thus improve the concatenated ego-motion estimation. Compared to existing SLAM techniques and recent effort of RNN based solutions for 3D reconstruction, we show that our approach is competitive with high accuracy and robustness.
Clinical and Genetic Profiles of the Aging Sickle Cell Patient.

The life expectancy of many patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is well into the 5th and 6th decade, but this remains extremely variable. Little is known about the biological factors that protect certain SCD patients from early demise while others never reach mid-adulthood. Recently, McKerrell and colleagues (2004) compared the clinical and laboratory profiles of SCD patients aged 40 years and over with SCD patients who were between 21 and 30 years of age. Similarly, we have compared clinical and genetic correlates of older SCD patients (50 years and over) with those of younger patients (18–30 years). Among 514 patients in our total study population, 49 (10%) were categorized as “older” and 194 (38%) were categorized as “younger.” Older SCD patients had lower hemoglobin (older: 7.8 ± 1.1 vs. younger: 8.5 ± 1.2, p=0.004), platelet count (older: 372 ± 126 vs. younger: 460 ± 225, p=0.02), MCV (older: 92 ± 12 vs. younger: 89 ± 9, p=0.08), MCHC (older: 33.6 ± 1.4 vs. younger: 34.3 ± 1.8, p=0.05), and WBC (older: 10.2 ± 2.7 vs. younger: 13.1 ± 4.1, p<0.001). Older patients also had lower total bilirubin (p=0.01), and increased alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0002) and creatinine (p=0.0002), which was associated with poorer creatinine clearance (p<0.0001). The older SCD patients also had increased systolic (p<0.0001) and diastolic (p=0.008) blood pressure, decreased O2 saturation (p=0.03), and a history of fewer pain episodes per year requiring medical treatment (p<0.0001). Many of our findings are consistent with those of McKerrell et al. (2004). In order to identify genetic factors associated with longevity in SCD, we examined 155 SNPs in a total of 41 genes, primarily involved in red blood cell adhesion and inflammation pathways. Chi Square tests of association were constructed for the genotypes of each SNP with the two clinical categories: “older” and “younger.” When the number of rare homozygotes was less than 5 individuals, we combined those individuals with the heterozygote individuals for analysis. All p-values are uncorrected for multiple testing. We found putative associations with 5 SNPs in 3 genes. Three non-coding SNPs in Klotho, not in linkage disequilibrium, exhibited different genotype frequencies in the older versus younger SCD patients (p=0.007, p=0.01 and p=0.01). Similarly, a single non-coding SNP in NOS2A (p=0.02) and TGFBR2 (p=0.02) also exhibited significantly different genotype frequencies in the older versus younger patients. These data support the clinical findings in aging SCD patients reported by McKerrell and colleagues (2004), and they also suggest that genetic factors contribute to variability in longevity in SCD. Interestingly, multiple SNPs in Klotho exhibited differing genotype frequencies in older versus younger patients. Mutations in Klotho have been previously associated with aging-related phenotypes in mice. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms associated with longevity in SCD may help identify those at risk for early demise and in need of more specialized medical care.
Single-center experience with Indigo aspiration thrombectomy for acute lower limb ischemia.

Absract Objective Acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) is a challenging vascular emergency with notable morbidity. Aspiration mechanical thrombectomy (AMT) devices are an alternative approach to remove thrombus in the peripheral arterial system and to restore limb perfusion, but data are limited. We evaluated the outcomes of AMT for the treatment of ALLI at our institution. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective review of patients with ALLI treated with Indigo (Penumbra Inc, Alameda, Calif) AMT device from 2014 to 2017. The primary outcome was technical success (restoration of blood flow with Results There were 41 patients (68% male, 32% female; mean age, 67 years; range, 27-90 years) who underwent 43 procedures. The cause of ALLI was embolism (18), native vessel thrombosis (13), bypass thrombosis (7), intraluminal thrombus due to pseudoaneurysm (1), stent thrombosis (1), intraprocedural embolization (1), recurrent thrombosis of native vessel (1), and chronic thrombosis (1). AMT was the main treatment in 29 cases and adjunctive in 14. Technical success was 52% (15/29) as main treatment and 50% (7/14) as adjunctive treatment. Thrombolysis was avoided in 53% of patients (23/43). There were six thrombotic recurrences, one after successful isolated AMT. The other five required multiple modalities after AMT failure. There were no 30-day deaths. Five patients required amputations, but only one after successful AMT. Complications included intraoperative distal embolization (two), access site hematoma (one), pseudoaneurysm (one), acute kidney injury (one), and spontaneous calf hematoma (one). There were no blood transfusions required or severe bleeding complications. Conclusions With an overall success rate of 51% in selected patients, the Indigo AMT device avoided the need for CDT or open surgery in about half of patients with ALLI. The device has a favorable safety profile, particularly in high-risk cases. Given its moderate effectiveness, the role of Indigo AMT in the management of ALLI will further be defined by the description of optimal technique, the determination of treatment indications, and a direct comparison with CDT.
Don't Go There: A Zero-Permission Geofencing App to Alleviate Gambling Disorders

Current efforts to address and alleviate the suffering and harms associated with gambling disorder (GD) predominately involve in-person psychotherapy or static web-based interventions, while dynamic, proactive approaches to the treatment of GD are needed. Currently, several medical health (mHealth) apps for GD exist, but none are empirically validated and, even though they could be potentially useful, these interventions are static, reactive approaches and they are not based on the geo-fencing principle. Advances in smartphone technology now allow for a paradigm shift. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAI) are technology-based dynamic interventions that proactively respond to time-varying information to provide intervention at critical moments. In this paper, a novel JITAI mHealth app for GD called “Don't Go There” (DGT) is presented. It capitalizes on smartphones' global positioning software (GPS) or other zero-permission embedded sensors to recognizes a user's location. When the patient turns off the GPS capabilities, we infer the geolocation solving a probabilistic route matching problem. The purpose of DGT is to construct a geofence around a gambler's favored gambling establishment, to discourage participation. We hypothesize that the deployment of this app could lead to a reduction in gambling behavior and problems and improve psychological functioning.