cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Integration Algorithm for Improved Coherent Reflection Measurement in GNSS-R Instruments

Current GNSS-R instruments, such as those used aboard the CYGNSS and TDS-1 satellites, form delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) using fixed integration schemes. The reflected GNSS signal is coherently integrated with a local replica signal and then non-coherently integrated to form a DDM measurement. For scenes dominated by diffuse scattering (i.e. most land and ocean surfaces at typical incidence angles), this approach works well given the short reflected signal coherence time that does not vary significantly over the typical range of incidence angles. However, the coherence properties of the reflected signal change significantly in some circumstances, such as over inland water bodies, coastal areas, wetlands, and at grazing incidence angles over the ocean and land. In this study, we investigate the possible benefits of a receiver adapting its coherent integration time to the instantaneous properties of the reflected signal. The algorithm proposed uses the complex DDM samples to estimate the coherence time efficiently on-the-fly. These estimations are then used to adapt the coherent integration time in the receiver to form DDM measurements. Example results using raw signal data collected from CYGNSS will be presented.
miR-21: a non‐specific biomarker of all maladies

miRNA-21 is among the most abundant and highly conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) recognized. It is expressed in essentially all cells where it performs vital regulatory roles in health and disease. It is also frequently claimed to be a biomarker of diseases such as cancer and heart disease in bodily-fluid based miRNA studies. Here we dissociate its contributions to cellular physiology and pathology from its potential as a biomarker. We show how it has been claimed as a specific predictive or prognostic biomarker by at least 29 diseases. Thus, it has no specificity to any one disease. As a result, it should not be considered a viable candidate to be a biomarker, despite its continued evaluation as such. This theme of multiple assignments of a miRNA as a biomarker is shared with other common, ubiquitous miRNAs and should be concerning for them as well.
Psychometric Properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Caregivers.

Objective A previously published exploratory factor analysis suggested that the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Child and Parent Versions, is comprised of three subscales: Maintain High Blood Glucose, Helplessness/Worry About Low Blood Glucose, and Worry About Negative Social Consequences. The primary aim of this study was to confirm this three-factor model with a clinical population of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers. Methods Participants included N = 1,035 youth ages 10-17.99 years with T1D, and their female (N = 835) and/or male (N = 326) caregivers who completed the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey independently during a routine medical appointment. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis and examined reliability of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey and its associations with demographics and clinical outcomes (e.g., mean blood glucose, glycemic control). Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model in youth and female and male caregivers. The internal consistencies for Maintain High Blood Glucose, Helplessness/Worry About Low Blood Glucose, and Worry About Negative Social Consequences were acceptable. The majority of demographic and clinical outcome variables correlated as hypothesized with the three subscales. Conclusions Using a large clinical sample of adolescents with T1D and their caretakers, we confirmed the three-factor model for the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, which is sufficiently reliable to be used in a clinical setting. Important areas of future research include examining moderators for the effect of fear of hypoglycemia on clinical outcomes, and possible inclusion of items related to modern diabetes devices.
The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100: Europe, America, and the Third World

Nobel laureate Robert Fogel's compelling study, first published in 2004, examines health, nutrition and technology over the last three centuries and beyond. Throughout most of human history, chronic malnutrition has been the norm. During the past three centuries, however, a synergy between improvements in productive technology and in human physiology has enabled humans to more than double their average longevity and to increase their average body size by over 50 per cent. Larger, healthier humans have contributed to the acceleration of economic growth and technological change, resulting in reduced economic inequality, declining hours of work and a corresponding increase in leisure time. Increased longevity has also brought increased demand for health care. Professor Fogel argues that health care should be viewed as the growth industry of the twenty-first century and systems of financing it should be reformed. His book will be essential reading for all those interested in economics, demography, history and health care policy.
Axionic strings: Covariant anomalies and bosonization of chiral zero modes

Abstract We show that the chiral zero modes of fermions coupled to an axionic string provide a physical realization of covariant gauge and gravitational anomalies in two dimensions. We develop a bosonized description of the chiral currents on the string, which allows us to treat the interactions of the zero modes with external fields. We use this framework to calculate the scattering of electromagnetic waves off the string and to exhibit the quantization of charge of a closed axionic string bounding a domain wall.
ACCULTURATION AND CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR OF KOREAN IMMIGRANTS

This study attempts to address the extent to which ethnic culture accounts for continuities and changes in action in the post-immigration environment, focusing specifically on the consumption behavior of Korean immigrants. This study examines antecedents of Korean immigrants’ images toward Japan and their changes in the host society through the process of acculturation, and the impact this tendency has on their Japanese products buying behavior. The hypotheses were empirically tested by using data collected from a survey of 330 Korean immigrants in the U.S. in 1998. The results indicate that: (1) in spite of cultural and structural changes in the post-immigration environment by processes of acculturation to American culture, Korean Americans keep their images toward Japan alive; (2) Korean immigrants’ Japanese car buying behavior is negatively related to their stay 20 or more years in the U.S. and positively related to their images toward Japan. The sociological implications of consumption practices and the relationship between ethnic culture and consumption behavior are discussed.
Thermal skin effect of pipes in streambeds and its implications on groundwater flux estimation using diurnal temperature signals

[1] Heat tracing is widely used for quantifying groundwater flux across the river-streambed interface. This study investigates the potential for a thermal skin effect (TSE) whereby temperature measured inside a pipe buried in sediment is lagged and damped compared to temperature outside of the pipe, violating the assumption that monitored temperatures are representative of the saturated sediment. Numerical simulations show that 1–3 inch diameter pipes lead to an additional lag of tens of minutes to almost 1.5 h when diurnal temperature signals originating from the river and propagating into the sediment are monitored. The lag increases with pipe diameter and diminishes when steel is used instead of PVC. The temperatures taken from inside the pipe lead to substantial errors when they are used as targets for fitting with a forward heat transport model. The errors are large when the fit is made to the timing of the temperature signals but is small when the fit is made to the amplitude of the signal while ignoring the timing. This is because the TSE leads to little damping of the amplitude of the temperature fluctuations and mostly exhibits as extra lag. Therefore, methods that take advantage of the amplitude of the signal, such as time series analysis using amplitude ratios, are not sensitive to the TSE. Time series data can be corrected by subtracting the response time of the water-filled pipe or by adding the response time as a phase shift to analytical models.
Ion Irradiation Effects on a Martensitic Stainless Steel Designed for Reduced Long-Life Radioactivity

Alloys with reduced long-life radioactivity (low activation alloys) are being developed to increase the acceptability of fusion power. The phase stability and swelling resistance of a 12Cr-6.5Mn-1W-0.3V-0.1C martensitic steel were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy following 3.8 MeV Fe{sup ++} ion irradiation with and without He coimplantation. Ion irradiations were performed at 450{degree}C, 550{degree}C, and 650{degree}C to approximately 10, 20, and 40 dpa. At 550{degree}C, approximately 20 appm He/dpa was coimplanted with the 3.8 MeV Fe{sup ++} ions. The specimens were examined at a depth approximately halfway between the surface and the mean ion range in order to minimize the influence of the surface and of injected ions. At all temperatures, M{sub 23}C{sub 6}, also present in the unirradiated structure, was the only precipitate present. A nonuniform distribution of loops also formed at all temperatures. After the 450{degree}C and 650{degree}C irradiations, no voids were present. At 550{degree}C, the helium did not appear to have much effect. Very few faceted voids formed. At 20 and 40 dpa some bubbles were found but their density was very low. At 650{degree}C, a structure similar to a heavily over-tempered steel was produced by the irradiation. At 550{degree}C recovery was seen to a lesser extent.more » Little to no recovery was seen at 450{degree}C.« less
Another First for Weather Modification

Weather modification studies thirty years ago led to the first use in meteorology of a new and powerful statistical technique, now widely applied. This is how it happened.
THE GOSPEL OF THE MEMRA: JEWISH BINITARIANISM AND THE PROLOGUE TO JOHN

Most Christian and Jewish scholars have been heavily invested in asserting the radical difference and total separation of Christianity from Judaism at a very early period. Thus we find the following view expressed by one of the leading historians of dogma in our time, Basil Studer: From the socio-political point of view Christianity fairly soon broke away from Judaism. Already by about 130 the final break had been effected. This certainly contributed to an even greater openness towards religious and cultural influences from the Greco-Roman environment. Not without reason, then, it is exactly at that time that the rise of antijudaistic and hellenophile gnostic trends is alleged. Christian theology began gradually to draw away from Judaic tendencies. … In the course of separation from the Synagogue and of rapprochement with the pagan world, theology itself became more open towards the thinking of antiquity with its scientific methods. This is particularly evident in the exegesis of Holy Scripture in which the chasm separating it from rabbinic methods broadened and deepened, whereas the ancient art of interpretation as it was exercised especially in Alexandria gained the upper hand.Basil Studer, Trinity and Incarnation: The Faith of the Early Church (ed. Andrew Louth; trans. Matthias Westerhoff; Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1993) 14.
Quantitation of Free, Total, and Antibody-bound Insulin in Insulin-Treated Diabetics

We describe a simplified method for measuring free, total, and antibody-bound insulin in insulin-treated patients in whom antibodies to insulin are present. The free, active insulin is extracted from the serum with a polyethylene glycol solution. Total insulin is extracted from the serum with a polyethylene glycol solution after dissociation of the antibody—antigen complex with dilute HCl. Aliquots of the extracts are used in the radioimmunoassay system. The figure for antibody-bound insulin is the difference between the total and free insulin values and reflects the concentration of insulin antibodies present. A commercially available ("Phadebas") radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive insulin was used to quantitate the insulin present in the two extracts. Recovery of added insulin averaged 85% for the free insulin and 87% for the total insulin.
Flicker Noise in a Model of Coevolving Biological Populations

We present long Monte Carlo simulations of a simple model of biological macroevolution in which births, deaths, and mutational changes in the genome take place at the level of individual organisms. The model displays punctuated equilibria and flicker noise with a l/f-like power spectrum, consistent with some current theories of evolutionary dynamics.
Sex Differences in the Heritability of Resilience

We examine the heritability of psychological resilience among US adults aged 25 to 74 years. Using monozygotic and same sex dizygotic twin pairs from the National Survey of Mid-Life Development in the United States (MIDUS) we show that positive affect is equally heritable among men (h2 = .60) and women (h2 = .59). We then estimate the heritability of positive affect after controlling for an exhaustive list of social and inter-personal stressors, and we operationalize the residual for positive affect as resilience. According to this specification, the heritability of resilience is higher among men (h2 = .52) compared to women (h2 = .38). We show that self-acceptance is one of the most important aspects of psychological functioning that accounts for the heritability of resilience among both men and women. However, compared to women, men appear to derive additional benefits from environmental mastery that may enable otherwise sex-neutral resilient tendencies to manifest.
Yin and yang in transfusion medicine

Comment on Zimring et al, page [1105][1] A new mouse model of transfusion of incompatible RBCs sheds light on the mysterious process of antibody-induced antigen suppression. Antibody binding to red blood cell (RBC) antigens classically results in hemolysis. The converse is the phenomenon of “
3D Seismic Curvature And Flexure For Unconventional Fractured Reservoir Characterization At Teapot Dome (Wyoming)

Curvature is a popular attribute that has been widely used to delineate faults and fracture zones in seismic structural interpretation; however, observations from 3D pre-stack depth-migrated seismic data at Teapot Dome (Wyoming) indicated that many seismically-visible faults have no curvature expression, while many curvature anomalies do not correlate to any seismically-visible faults. Instead, major seismically-visible faults are typically located at the maximum absolute gradient of curvature. From these observations, we extend the curvature algorithm and construct a new flexure algorithm by calculating the derivative of curvature along the reflector. We then extract both curvature and flexure attributes to describe the Teapot Dome fractured reservoirs. Our results indicate that the maximum absolute flexure is more descriptive of the northeast-trending transfer faults and the northwesttrending thrust faults that are seismically visible; whereas the maximum absolute curvature is more descriptive of the coherent portion of folds with no faults that are seismically visible. These observations from seismic data, integrated with image logs, cores, and outcrops from previous studies, lead to our interpretation that curvature might be more indicative of tensile fractures whereas flexure be more indicative of shear fractures. Although directly observed on image logs, cores, and outcrops, tensile fractures usually fall below the limit of seismic resolution. In contrast, shear faults give rise to significant offset of reflectors such that they are easily recognizable on seismic images. We propose using a combination of curvature and flexure attributes for discriminating tensile from shear fracture facies, evaluating reservoir storage capacity and caprock integrity, and modeling fracture networks at Teapot Dome.
Calibration and Flight Results for the Ares I-X 5-Hole Probe

Flight and calibration results are presented for the Ares I-X 5-hole probe. The probe is calibrated by using a combination of wind tunnel, CFD, and other numerical modeling techniques. This is then applied to the probe flight data and comparisons are made between the vanes and 5-hole probe. Using this and other data it is shown the probe was corrupted by water rendering that measurement unreliable.
The effect of surgical preparation technique on the bacterial load of surgical needles and suture material used during strabismus surgery.

Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of 3 surgical preparation techniques in decreasing bacterial contamination of needles and suture material during strabismus surgery. Methods Consecutive patients requiring 2-muscle strabismus surgery were randomized into 1 of 3 groups. In Group A, patients' periocular skin and bulbar conjunctivae underwent preparation with 5% povidone-iodine; the drape was placed without regard to eyebrows; and an open wire-loop lid speculum was used. Group B patients underwent the same preparation as Group A patients; however, the eyelashes and eyebrows were scrubbed with 5% povidone-iodine on cotton tip applicators, and the drape was placed to exclude the eyebrows from the surgical field. Group C patients underwent the same preparation as Group B patients; however, a bladed lid speculum was used during surgery to exclude some of the eyelashes from the surgical field. After the procedure, all needles and suture materials were sent separately for aerobic culture. The data were analyzed for differences in contamination rates between the groups. Results Of 77 patients, 24 (31.4%) had either a needle and/or suture contaminant. Groups A, B, and C had mean contamination rates of 29.6%, 34.6%, and 29.2%, respectively. There was no significant statistical variation in contamination among the 3 groups. The most common organism identified was a coagulase-negative staphylococcus strain. Conclusions More meticulous sterile preparation of the surgical field did not result in a meaningful reduction in suture or needle contamination rates during strabismus surgery.
On the stresses in a nonlinear beam subject to random excitation

Abstract The technique of equivalent linearization is used to investigate the effect of the membrane force on the stresses in a simply supported Bernoulli-Euler beam undergoing moderately large random vibrations. It is shown that the percentage reduction of the mean square bending stress can be substantially less than the percentage reduction of the mean square displacements, thereby lowering any expected ‘nonlinear safety factor’ of the stresses. Furthermore, the difference of percentage reduction is greater for wider spectral densities of the load.
Bellani evaporation variation in Hill-land pasture

Abstract In the Appalachian region, pasture production is frequently limited by water availability, a parameter strongly influenced by microclimate variability. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of potential evaporation variability across a hilly pasture on a seasonal basis. A steep pasture watershed was instrumented at 32 sites with black and white Bellani plate evaporimeters. Evaporation was measured during the summers of 1985, 1986 and 1987. Average potential evaporation, assessed by readings from black plate evaporimeters, ranged from 4.5 to 6.1 mm day −1 averaged over the frost-free period, June–September. Over the same period and across the same area, solar radiation was estimated to vary from 11.9 to 16.9 MJ m −2 , and wind from 50 to 131 km day −1 . These substantial microclimate differences suggest the importance of developing management practices suited to specific sites within hilly pastures.
Groups of real-analytic diffeomorphisms of the circle

In this paper we consider some algebraic structure of groups of real-analytic diffeomorphisms of the circle.
Carcinoma cuniculatum of the oral mucosa: a potentially underdiagnosed entity in the absence of clinical correlation

Objective To delineate the features of carcinoma cuniculatum (CC), emphasizing potential management errors. Study Design A retrospective study examined archival cases of CC. An analysis of clinical, microscopic, and management parameters was performed. Results Ten cases were identified, and their clinical and microscopic features were summarized. CC exhibits a sessile pink/red mildly papillary surface. Histologically, CC presents a tortuous invasive component with a more subtle papillary appearance than verrucous carcinoma. Conclusions CC is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma distinct from verrucous carcinoma. Diagnostic delays result from misinterpretation of superficial samples or lack of awareness of the entity. Bland cytology and unusual architecture result in underdiagnosis of CC without clinicopathologic correlation. Clinicians should submit multiple deep samples of lesions displaying a cobblestone-like surface and provide a clinical photograph to the pathologist. Pathologists can avoid underdiagnosis by thorough sampling of biopsies and requesting additional tissue as needed.
Synthesis, characterization and targeting of biodegradable magnetic nanocomposite particles by external magnetic fields

The present study deals with preparation, analysis and targeting of biodegradable magnetic nanocomposite particles. These magnetic particles were initially synthesized using biodegradable/biocompatible organic polymers and nanosize magnetites. After the characterization studies, the guiding of magnetic nanoparticles was investigated through the use of external magnetic fields by changing fluid speeds, magnet distance, magnetic saturation and solid contents. It was determined that these factors substantially influenced the type of magnetic guidance system that is needed for an effective drug delivery. For example, at 10 cm/s pump speed, and 0 and 8 cm magnet distances, approximately 67% and 13% of the particles (27.1 emu/g) remained in the magnetic system, respectively. The test results confirm that the targeting system may prove useful for controlling the positioning of the magnetic particles to a certain part of body using external magnetic fields.
Prolactin response to N3im-methyl-thyrotropin releasing hormone in euthyroid subjects.

The N3im-methyl analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (methyl-TRH) wascompared with ordinary TRH as a prolactin (PRL) releaser in 32 euthyroid volunteers (20 male and 12 female, ages 17–66 years). The mean PRL response to 100 Mg of methyl-TRH was greater (P < 0.025) than the PRL response to 500/xg of TRH at 10 min and at all sampling times from 30 to 240 min after administration of the releasing factors. The mean peak PRL (at 10 min), maximum APRL, and integrated PRL response area were greater (P < 0.025) after administration of methyl-TRH than after TRH. The PRL response to methyl-TRH was greater (P < 0.005) for the 12 women than for the 20 men in this study. The mean baseline PRL was correlated with the peak PRL (r=0.74, P < 0.01) and the maximum ΔPRL(r=0.58, P < 0.01) after methyl-TRH. Following administration of methyl-TRH, the peak PRL was correlated with the peak TSH (r=0.43, P < 0.05), tlie maximum ΔPRL was correlated with the maximum ATSH (r=0.43,P < 0.05), and integrated PRL response area was...
Factors Affecting the pH of Skimmilk Coagulation by Lactic Culture

Summary The A-C (acid-coagulation) test measures the stage of gel formation in acidcoagulated skimmilk at which the gel will first shrink and expel whey when cut with a knife. This test was chosen to study certain factors influencing the pH of coagulation of skimmilk by action of lactic culture. The rate of acid development and the use of different commercial lactic cultures did not affect the pH at the A-C end-point. Increased amounts of rennet added early in the fermentation process caused the skimmilk to coagulate at progressively higher pH values, but very small additions had little or no effect. Different skimmilks did not respond alike to variations of rennet. Additions of chloride salts of calcium and sodium decreased the pH at the A-C end-point more than did monosodium phosphate or a mixture of "milk salts" when all were added to increase the ionic strength by 0.10 at pH 4.70. The pH at which the A-C end-point occurred decreased as the total solids in reconstituted nonfat dry milk increased, probably because of the greater ionic strength of milk salts in reconstituted nonfat dry milk with high total solids. Heat treatments of skimmilk which denatured whey proteins resulted in an increase in the pH at which the A-C end-point occurred.
Design and performance of bilateral interdigital coplanar waveguide phase shifter for rf communication applications

A new design of a bilateral interdigital coplanar waveguide (BI-CPW) phase shifter using tunable barium strontium titanate thin film is presented and analyzed. This new design has shown a phase shift of 203°/cm at 25 GHz. Compared to a normal coplanar waveguide (CPW) type, a two-thirds size BI-CPW phase shifter is realized by interdigital capacitive loading. The phase shifter is fabricated with processes fully compatible with current SiGe technology. In addition, it is shown that operating voltages can be reduced significantly within a practical range by the inclusion of a polysilicon layer as a control electrode. © 2004 Society
Infrastructure enhancement for restoration of distribution systems following extended outages

ABSTRACT Advances in micro-electronics, computers, and communications technology has made it possible to automate several functions in distribution systems. Such automation will make delivery of electricity more efficient, enhance reliability, and lead to more effective utilization and life-extension of existing electricity distribution infrastructure. Moreover, distribution automation offers opportunities for implementation of new functions. With certain enhancements in the distribution system infrastructure maximum benefits of distribution automation can be accrued. In this paper, an example of such infrastructure enhancement is presented. Specifically, application of remotely controlled three-phase and single-phase sectionalizers in restoration of power in distribution systems following an extended outage is presented. The remotely controlled sectionalizers can be opened and closed to supply power to specific parts of the system. Thus, restoration can be done in steps using these sectionalizers. Theref...
Chemical Hermaphroditism: The Potential of the Cr(CO)3 Moiety To Stabilize Transition States and Intermediates with Anionic, Cationic, or Radical Character at the Benzylic Position

It is known that both benzylic cations and anions are stabilized by Cr(CO)3 complexation. This unusual characteristic of chromium arenes has been the subject of many synthetic, spectroscopic, and physical organic studies over the last four decades. The effect of Cr(CO)3 on benzylic radicals has received comparatively little attention, however. In this report, cyclopropylcarbinyl anions, cations, and radicals substituted with both phenyl and Cr(CO)3-phenyl groups are shown to rearrange via ring-opening to produce, selectively, Cr(CO)3-stabilized benzylic anions, cations, and radicals, implying that the Cr(CO)3 moiety is capable of stabilizing transition states with ionic or radical character at the benzylic position. The highest selectivity (>99:<1) was observed in the anionic reaction, slightly lesser selectivity (95:5) was observed in the cationic reaction, and only modest selectivity (2.5:1) was observed in the radical reaction. A parallel trend in ground-state stabilities of Cr(CO)3-complexed benzyl an...
Detecting cancer quickly and accurately

We present a new technique for high throughput screening of tumor cells in a sensitive nanodevice that has the potential to quickly identify a cell population that has begun the rapid protein synthesis and mitosis characteristic of cancer cell proliferation. Currently, pathologists rely on microscopic examination of cell morphology using century-old staining methods that are labor-intensive, time-consuming and frequently in error. New micro-analytical methods for automated, real time screening without chemical modification are critically needed to advance pathology and improve diagnoses. We have teamed scientists with physicians to create a microlaser biochip (based upon our R&D award winning bio- laser concept) which evaluates tumor cells by quantifying their growth kinetics. The key new discovery was demonstrating that the lasing spectra are sensitive to the biomolecular mass in the cell, which changes the speed of light in the laser microcavity. Initial results with normal and cancerous human brain cells show that only a few hundred cells -- the equivalent of a billionth of a liter -- are required to detect abnormal growth. The ability to detect cancer in such a minute tissue sample is crucial for resecting a tumor margin or grading highly localized tumor malignancy.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mothers' responses to children's negative emotions and child emotion regulation: The moderating role of vagal suppression

The current study examined the moderating effect of children's cardiac vagal suppression on the association between maternal socialization of negative emotions (supportive and nonsupportive responses) and children's emotion regulation behaviors. One hundred and ninety-seven 4-year-olds and their mothers participated. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotions and children's regulatory behaviors. Observed distraction, an adaptive self-regulatory strategy, and vagal suppression were assessed during a laboratory task designed to elicit frustration. Results indicated that children's vagal suppression moderated the association between mothers' nonsupportive emotion socialization and children's emotion regulation behaviors such that nonsupportive reactions to negative emotions predicted lower observed distraction and lower reported emotion regulation behaviors when children displayed lower levels of vagal suppression. No interaction was found between supportive maternal emotion socialization and vagal suppression for children's emotion regulation behaviors. Results suggest physiological regulation may serve as a buffer against nonsupportive emotion socialization.
Vendor evaluation with performance variability: A max–min approach

Abstract The importance of incorporating multi-dimensional information into vendor evaluation is well established in the literature. Over the years, several multi-criteria techniques have been proposed for effective evaluation and selection of vendors. However, these models have not considered performance variability measures in evaluating alternative vendors. It is critical for the buyer to derive and incorporate such type of measures into the evaluation process because it provides for a more accurate portrayal of vendor’s performance. This paper fills this gap by proposing a max–min productivity based approach that derives vendor performance variability measures, which are then utilized in a non-parametric statistical technique in identifying vendor groups for effective selection. The primary advantage of this technique is that it provides the buyer with effective alternative choices within a vendor group. Thus, allowing the buyer to base the final decision on other intangible factors that could not be incorporated into the analysis. The model application is demonstrated through a previously reported dataset from a pharmaceutical company.
A multilevel, complexity theory approach to understanding gender bias in leadership.

Abstract We use principles from multilevel theory, complexity theory, and connectionist theory to integrate existing gender bias explanations into a comprehensive model of gender bias in leadership, one that can be used to examine and understand how throughout the leadership process gender bias occurs and can affect women negatively. The synthesis of connectionism and complexity theories provides an opportunity to suggest novel solutions to this important leadership problem, but it also shows why multiple solutions applied at individual, group, and organizational levels all may be required to change the way agents and systems of agents respond to potential female leaders.
Machine-based method for multiplex in situ molecular characterization of tissues by immunofluorescence detection

Immunofluorescent staining is an informative tool that is widely used in basic research. Automation of immunostaining improves reproducibility and quality of the results. Up to now, use of automation in immunofluorescent staining was mostly limited to one marker. Here we present tyramide signal amplification based method of multiple marker immunofluorescent detection, including detection of antibodies, raised in the same species, in tissue sections and cultured cells. This method can be beneficial for both basic and clinical research.
Magnetic Properties of $\gamma$ -Fe $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ Nanoparticles Precipitated in Alginate Hydrogels

gamma-Fe2O3magnetic nanoparticles ranging in average diameter from 2 to 4 nm were precipitated within an alginate hydrogel and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. Regardless of the initial Fe valence state of the starting chloride salt, Mossbauer spectroscopy confirmed that gamma-Fe2O 3 was the only phase present. As expected, the nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior with the magnetic moments becoming frozen with decreasing temperature as evidenced by a bifurcation in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetizations and a hysteresis in the Mv-vs.-H curves. The values of effective magnetic anisotropy ( ~ 106 ergs/cm3 ) determined from the differences between the ZFC and FC magnetizations were found to be an order of magnitude larger than the magneto-crystalline anisotropy for bulk gamma -Fe2 O3 , and are probably the result of surface and particle size dependent effects. Likewise, the nanoparticle size distributions as deduced from the blocking temperature distribution function f(TB) based on fits to the difference in the ZFC and FC magnetization curves as well as from fits of the MV-vs.-H curves with a Langevin function in the superparamagnetic regime indicate fairly broad distributions of particle sizes with the particle sizes being comparable to those deduced from XRD measurements. The smaller saturated magnetization values found for these nanoparticles than the bulk value combined with the non-zero slope of the high-field magnetization data suggests that these nanoparticles have a non-negligible surface layer of non-collinear spins surrounding a ferrimagnetically ordered gamma-Fe2O3 core.
New perinatal quality measures from the National Quality Forum, the Joint Commission and the Leapfrog Group.

Purpose of reviewHospital quality measures have matured in many specialties but have lagged behind in maternity care. Recently, the National Quality Forum (NQF) has endorsed a series of 17 quality measures for perinatal care. It is important for all obstetric practitioners and leaders to understand
The elastic scattering of deuterons by deuterium

Abstract Deuteron-deuteron elastic scattering was investigated with a gas target. Excitation curves were taken at 60° and 90° c.m. for lab deuteron energies from 3.5 to 12.25 MeV. Angular distributions were taken at 4.46, 5.46, 6.47, 8.51, 9.53, 10.55 and 11.57 MeV from 40° to 97.5° c.m. Differential cross sections were measured with an absolute error of less than ±3%.
Eustachian tube balloon dilation surgery

Background: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is a common condition without an effective, accepted treatment. Balloon dilation Eustachian tuboplasty (BDET) has been recently proposed for the management of ETD. Previous studies of Eustachian tube function and treatment have not included a validated assessment of patient symptoms. We report for the first time the outcomes of BDET using a validated disease-specific symptom score, the 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7). Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing BDET were prospectively enrolled from an otolaryngology practice at a tertiary care medical center. Inclusion criteria were adults with a diagnosis of ETD based on symptoms and abnormal tympanogram. Patients with craniofacial abnormalities or active infection were excluded from study. Primary outcome measures included the ETDQ-7 score, tympanometry, and otoscopic appearance. Secondary measures included the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score. Results: Twenty-two consecutive patients underwent 35 BDET procedures. Significant postoperative improvement was seen in tympanometry and otoscopic appearance (p 0.65). ETDQ-7 change scores demonstrated good responsiveness and sensitivity to clinical change following BDET. Conclusion: BDET is an effective surgical intervention for the treatment of ETD in adults. Postoperative improvements were observed using objective and subjective measures. The ETDQ-7 is a valid, disease-specific instrument for the assessment of treatment outcomes and may be applied for clinical use in patients with ETD. Further study is necessary to determine long-term effectiveness. © 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Positron annihilation in ribonuclease

Abstract We have measured the temperature dependence of positron annihilation parameters in samples of native and oxidized ribonuclease in water. At temperatures above 0°C the lifetime and intensity of the long-lived component accurately reflects the thermal stability of this protein. Below 0°C the effects of free and protein-bound water were observed.
Church government and religious participation

In this article religion is viewed as a collectively produced good. Religious groups must, therefore, overcome collective action problems, namely, coordination. This problem is usually alleviated b...
Hipparchus on the distances of the sun and moon

"Hipparchus' investigation of this topic is based principally on the sun. For since it is a consequence of certain other properties of the sun and moon (which we shall discuss below) that when the distance of one of the luminaries is given that of the other is also determined, he tries to demonstrate the distance of the moon by guessing the distance of the sun. He first assumes that the sun has only the least perceptible parallax, in order to find its distance, and afterwards uses the solar eclipse which he adduces. At one time he assumes that the sun has no perceptible parallax, at another that it has a significant [ixavov] parallax : as a result the ratios of the moon's distance [to the earth's radius] came out different for him for each of the hypotheses he set out. For in the case of the sun it is quite uncertain not merely how great a parallax it has, but whether it has any at all".
Electrical engineering in the postwar world: II — Position of the engineer

This article, second in a series discussing the general subject, is devoted to determining the probable part the engineer will play in the postwar world. As in the past, the engineer is expected to expand and apply knowledge for the benefit of all. Beyond this, however, is the question of the control by the engineer of the uses to which his products may be put, in order to insure that they are used for good and not for evil. Because of his knowledge, professional position, and the strength of engineering societies, the engineer should take an active part in guidance toward a wholesome life.
The Uptake of Vanadium(V) and Other Metals by the Isolated Branchial Sacs of the Ascidians Ascidia ceratodes, Ciona intestinalis, and Styela montereyensis

Abstract Isolated branchial sacs from the phlebobranch ascidian Ascidia ceratodes take up vanadium (V), to a level four times greater than the uptake by branchial sacs from the aplousobranch and stolidobranch ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Styela montereyensis , respectively. These differences in vanadium uptake may be important in the observed enhanced accumulation of vanadium in the blood cells of A. ceratodes compared to those of C. intestinalis and S. montereyensis . The uptake of iron (lll) by branchial sacs of S. montereyensis, C. intestinalis , and A. ceratodes increases in that order, but iron uptake by A. ceratodes is substantially less than that of vanadium. Branchial sacs from A. ceratodes accumulate manganese (ll) to a lesser degree than iron (lll), and mercury (ll) to a greater degree than vanadium (V).
Modified Starch Enhances Absorption and Accelerates Recovery in Experimental Diarrhea in Rats

Rice gruels have been used as home remedies to treat dehydration associated with diarrheal illness in developing countries. These preparations have produced conflicting results, most likely due to the heterogeneity of starch used. We investigated whether the modified tapioca starch, Textra (TX), at 5.0 or 10.0 g/L added to a 90 mmol/L Na+-111 mmol glucose oral rehydration solution (ORS) enhanced water and electrolyte absorption in two models of diarrhea. To induce a secretory state (model A), the jejunum of juvenile rats was perfused with 10 mmol/L theophylline (THEO) under anesthesia and then perfused with the solutions indicated above. To produce chronic osmotic-secretory diarrhea (model B), rats had a magnesium citrate-phenolphthalein solution as the sole fluid source for 1 wk, and then were perfused as the THEO-treated rats. Water, electrolyte, and glucose absorption were measured during both perfusions. As an extension of the perfusion studies, we compared how fast rats recovered from chronic osmotic diarrhea by offering them either water, ORS, or ORS containing 5.0 g/L TX along with solid food. Recovery rate markers were measured after 24 h and included weight gain, food and fluid intake, and stool output. In model A, addition of 5.0 g/L TX to ORS reversed Na+ secretion and improved net water as well as K+ and glucose absorption, compared with THEO-treated rats perfused with ORS without TX. In model B, addition of TX to ORS increased water, Na+, K+, and glucose absorption, compared with rats perfused without TX. Increasing TX from 5.0 to 10.0 g/L had no additional benefit. In recovery experiments, animals with free access to ORS with TX had significantly greater weight gain and decreased stool output compared with animals recovering with water or ORS without TX. Our experiments suggest that TX may be a useful additive to standard ORS to promote fluid and electrolyte absorption and may provide additional energy without increasing ORS osmotic load.
Making Sense of Published Statistics

I am a statistician. I sweat whenever someone asks me what I do, because my answer often creates a scowl, or rolling of the eyes, or something like ‘‘ackk!’’ If you had a tough time in your introductory statistics course, you probably have ‘‘ackk’’ feelings about numbers, and you might not be looking forward to reading this article any further. Let me promise you this: it will be better than you predict. This article is not about formulas and esoteric rules. I hope to help cut through odd statistical language and strange notations, and to make sense of studies that use quantitative methods.
Wearing of caps and masks not necessary during cardiac catheterization

Although cardiac catheterization-related infections are rare, caps and masks are often worn to minimize this complication. However, documentation of the value of caps and masks for this purpose is lacking. We, therefore, prospectively evaluated the experience of 504 patients undergoing percutaneous left heart catheterization, seeking evidence of a relationship between whether caps and/or masks were worn by the operators and the incidence of infection. No infections were found in any patient, regardless of whether a cap or mask was used. Thus, we found no evidence that caps or masks need to be worn during percutaneous cardiac catheterization.
Investigation of defect levels in Cs2Hg6S7 single crystals by photoconductivity and photoluminescence spectroscopies

The heavy element semiconductor compound Cs2Hg6S7 is of interest as a potential wide gap semiconductor for gamma ray detection. To determine electrically active defects and their energy levels, photoconductivity (PC) spectroscopy was carried out over the temperature range of 90-295 K. The low temperature spectrum exhibits photoconductive transitions at 1.495, 1.61, 1.66, and 1.68 eV. The optical transitions are tentatively attributed to defects with levels located at energies of 50, 70, 120, and 240 meV from the band edge. A superlinear dependence of photocurrent on illumination intensity is observed that is attributed to a two-center recombination process that involves shallow traps and recombination centers. Near band edge photoluminescence (PL) was observed over the temperature range of 24–80 K. The spectrum revealed three defect related emission bands located at 1.68, 1.66, and 1.62 eV, whose ionization energies are 57 meV, 78 meV, and 115 meV, respectively. From the temperature and excitation depende...
Surface Waves in Deformed Elastic Materials

In the present paper we apply the theory [1]⋆ of the superposition of infinitesimal deformations on finite deformations in an isotropic elastic material to the study of the propagation of surface waves in a semi-infinite body which is subjected to a static, pure homogeneous deformation.
Applications of the Poincaré mapping technique to analysis of neuronal dynamics

A single neuron can demonstrate different spiking and bursting patterns which can be elicited naturally depending on modulation status or artificially due to disturbances caused by distinct recording techniques. For example, when pharmacologically isolated with bicuculline a leech oscillatory heart interneuron can show an endogenous bursting activity while recorded extracellularly, or the periodic tonic spiking activity while recorded intracellularly. Transitions between these oscillatory patterns are in general non-local and could not be understood using only the local analysis of the neuron's rest states, but the global theory tools such as the Poincare return mapping analysis. The mappings constructed then predict the temporal characteristics of the spiking and bursting patterns and allow one to study transitions between them. The technique is directly applicable to neuronal models of various types, as well as is aimed to be employed in neurophysiological experiments.
Dynamic Jamming Effects On Code Synchronization Of Frequency-Hop Spread-Spectrum

A general scheme for the code synchronization of Frequency-Hop Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) is presented. Synchronization performance is observed in the presence of channel dynamics and is characterized by mean synchronization time and mean time to loss of lock. A fixed-threshold multiple-dwell synchro-nization scheme is shown to adequately mitigate the effects of random hop jamming.
Redundant logarithmic arithmetic for MPEG decoding

Previous research shows the Signed Logarithmic Number System (SLNS) offers lower power consumption than the fixed-point number system for MPEG decoding. SLNS represents a value with the logarithm of its absolute value and a sign bit. Subtraction is harder in SLNS than other operations. This paper examines a variant, Dual-Redundant LNS (DRLNS), where addition and subtraction are equally easy, but DRLNS-by-DRLNS multiplication is not. DRLNS represents a value as the difference of two terms, both of which are represented logarithmically. DRLNS is appropriate for the Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT) used in MPEG decoding because a novel accumulator register can contain the sum in DRLNS, but the products are fed to this accumulator in non-redundant SLNS format. Since DRLNS doubles the word size, the accumulator needs to be converted back into SLNS. This paper considers two such methods. One computes the difference of the two parts using LNS. The other converts the two parts separately to fixed point and then computes the logarithm of their difference. A novel factoring of a common term out of the two parts reduces the bus widths. Mitchell's low-cost logarithm/antilogarithm approximation is shown to produce acceptable visual results in this conversion.