cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of splenectomy on hemodynamics during cardiac tamponade.

The effect of prior splenectomy on the hemodynamics of cardiac tamponade was investigated in 15 closed-chest pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized dogs. Hemodynamics were compared at baseline and during staged cardiac tamponade (pericardial pressures of 5, 10, and 15 mmHg) at control (n = 15) and after splenectomy (n = 8) and sham operation (n = 7). The fall in mean arterial pressure with cardiac tamponade was significantly greater in splenectomized dogs than in either sham-operated or control dogs (P less than 0.001). Cardiac output was more depressed at the third level of cardiac tamponade in splenectomized than in sham-operated or control dogs (12.8 +/- 14.5 vs. 29.3 +/- 8.7 and 25.4 +/- 9.4 ml.min-1.kg-1, respectively; both P less than 0.05 vs. splenectomy). Hemodynamic failure, defined as an inability to maintain mean arterial pressure greater than 50 mmHg for 5 min, occurred at a lower pericardial pressure in splenectomized than in sham-operated dogs (13.1 +/- 3.8 vs. 18.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg, P less than 0.05). Hematocrit increased significantly with cardiac tamponade in controls and sham-operated but not splenectomized dogs. The percent increase in hematocrit from baseline to the third stage of cardiac tamponade was 19.6 +/- 9.8 and 22.3 +/- 5.6% in control and sham dogs, respectively. Thus the canine spleen plays an important role in cardiovascular compensation to cardiac tamponade. Parallel changes in hematocrit suggest that a part of this response is due to splenic autotransfusion.
Developing a scale of hospitableness: A tale of two worlds

Abstract Hospitableness is a socio-psychological phenomenon. Thus far, scientific attention to this concept has been mainly conceptual rather than empirical. One reason may be the difficulty of precisely measuring this emotionally laden concept that is felt easily but cannot be described with the same level of ease in a scientifically rigorous manner. The current study was conducted to define and measure this critical construct using a mixed-methods approach. A scale of hospitableness with structural (underlying dimensions) and psychometric (reliability and validity) properties was developed to measure the importance of hospitableness in different consumption contexts including, destination, hotel, and restaurant products. Several steps of scale development procedures resulted in a Hospitableness Scale with 10 stable items assembling into Heartwarming, Heart-assuring and Heart-soothing factors.
Basic NEC with Broadcast Applications

Basic NEC with Broadcast Applications addresses computer modeling of MF directional broadcast antennas and illustrates the assets and liabilities of the Numerical Electromagnetic Code (NEC). The book's "how to" approach reveals the fundamentals of NEC operation, teaches broadcast applications and shows the reader how to use NEC-2 to: model non-radiating networks, verify calculations, detune unused towers, design top-loaded and skirted antennas, minimize coding by moving and duplicating structures, and much more! Complete with CD, the book is an invaluable toolkit with software necessary for the design and analysis of broadcast antenna arrays. *Learn to use the method of moments computer programs to design and analyze MF directional antennas *CD includes a modified version of NEC-2, programs for geometry viewing and pattern plotting, as well as author-written post processing programs to convert target field ratios to base drive voltages and to verify the integrity of the NEC-2 analysis*Concepts taught in this book apply to analysis generated by NEC-2, NEC-4, MININEC and other method of moments computer programs
Genetic landscape of APOE in human longevity revealed by high-throughput sequencing.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been the most replicated longevity-associated gene in humans. Two common APOE alleles are either significantly depleted (e4 allele) or enriched (e2 allele) in long-lived individuals as compared to controls. We performed high-throughput sequencing analysis of exons and 2kb proximal promoter of APOE in 450 centenarians and 500 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish decent. We found two common regulatory variants, rs405509 (p=0.006) and rs769449 (p=0.036), that were significantly depleted in centenarians. Genotyping analysis of rs7412 and rs429358 showed significant enrichment of e2 allele (p=0.003) and e2/e3 genotype (p=0.005), and significant depletion of e3/e4 genotype (p=0.005) in centenarians. Our findings support the hypothesis that variants in both coding and regulatory regions of APOE may contribute to longevity in humans.
An Inquiry Concerning Liberty and Equality in the American Constitutional System

This essay is an examination of the theory of constitutional choice that was used to conceptualize and design the American system of governance as grounded in liberty and justice. The inquiry is pressed to deeperfoundations concerning the method of normative inquiry and presuppositions about how conflict can be used to drive a due process of law and a due process of inquiry to achieve conflict resolution in a pluralistic system of order.
The Protein-Sparing Action of Utilizable Carbohydrates in Cultures of Certain Sugar-Fermenting Organisms

Attention often has been called to the effect of the presence of various sugars on the protein metabolism of bacteria. It is a well-known fact that in cultures of certain organisms in the ordinary sugar-protein media, indol is not formed, gelatin is not liquefied, casein is not digested, and ammonia-production is greatly lessened. Inasmuch as the decomposition of a carbohydrate is accompanied by the formation of more or less acid, and because the protein changes mentioned are commonly regarded as due to the action of one or more trypsin-like enzymes?that is, enzymes which do not act in acid media ?some investigators have inclined to the belief that it is the acid resulting from the decomposition of the sugar, not the mere presence of the sugar itself, which alters the normal progress of the protein changes.
Research of Fresh Agricultural Products Logistics Vehicle Optimization

As fresh agriculture products market has become buyer’s market and bird flu happens globally, consumers are paying more attention to fresh agriculture products' quality, safety, packaging, etc. Whether these products can be efficiently delivered at low cost will be considered as a national strategy to develop rural economic and to improve farmers' income stably. With this background, the paper focuses on the research of distribution model and vehicle routing optimization of fresh agricultural products. On the basic of detailed researching of agricultural products logistic characters, the paper establishes a vehicle optimization model suitable for transferring kinds of perishable agricultural products, to solve the severe losing of fresh produce logistics with transportation distance. The model is solved by genetic algorithm and the algorithm’s effectiveness is verified by cases.
Witt Vectors and a Question of Keating and Rudnick

We prove an equidistribution result for certain families of L-functions attached to characters of the group of truncated “big” Witt vectors.
Life-long Bleeding Diathesis: Effect of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Proper regulation of the fibrinolytic system is critical to the prevention of both thrombosis and hemorrhage. Patients with inherited or acquired excess fibrinolysis may have a bleeding tendency, usually characterized by delayed and posttrauma or postoperative bleeding. The liver plays many roles in this regulation, including the synthesis of plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and the clearance of tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA). Inherited deficiencies of alpha 2AP, PAI-1 and inherited excess t-PA associated with clinically significant bleeding have been reported. The authors describe a patient with a life-long bleeding diathesis who demonstrated evidence of excess t-PA. One of two daughters also had a bleeding tendency and demonstrated excess t-PA. The patient developed cirrhosis and underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Following transplantation, all fibrinolytic parameters returned to normal, and the bleeding diathesis appeared to no longer exist. The effect of liver transplantation on this patient's fibrinolytic abnormalities and the effect of cirrhosis on this patient's laboratory evaluation are discussed.
In the Swim: Photographer Maynard L. Parker and the Celebrity Pool

(2011). In the Swim: Photographer Maynard L. Parker and the Celebrity Pool. Photography and Culture: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 325-333.
Thinking with Wolves: Left Legal Theory after the Right's Rise

Left legal theory is in crisis. This crisis reflects a broader problem of contemporary U.S. politics: the lack of grand ideas capable of mobilizing meaningful opposition to the triumph of the political right. Right-wing legal theory has contributed to that dramatic political change by promoting ideas questioning the foundations of the twentieth century liberal welfare and regulatory state. This review essay analyzes a rare recent attempt to revive left legal theory in the face of the right's triumph: the anthology Left Legalism/Left Critique edited by Wendy Brown and Janet Halley (Duke University Press, 2002). In this book, Brown and Halley gather essays that present a yearning for justice that exceeds the imagination of liberal legalism, a critical and self-critical intellectual orientation, and a certain courage to open the door of political and legal thought as if the wolves were not there. The overarching argument of the book is that the left needs to be guided more by critical theory - and less by practical politics, law, and identity. My essay situates the book in the context of the right's recent success in similarly challenging liberal legalism, albeit from a different ideological direction. I argue that the right's gains provide compelling evidence for this book's main point: impractical, ambitious theory is central to long-term radical political and legal change. But I show how Left Legalism/Left Critique falls short of its goal of providing bold left critique precisely because it follows conventional liberalism in measuring good left theory in opposition to left praxis, left legalism and left identity politics. In contrast, right-wing theory aims to redraw the liberal boundaries between theory and practical politics; between politics and law, and between identity and economic politics. Challenging the book's discussion of topics such as racial justice, disability discrimination, and sexual harassment, I show how resisting, rather than reinforcing, these boundaries is vital to left jurisprudence and politics.
A qualitative study on delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in migrant people and its influencing factors

[Objective]To analyze the delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in migrant people and its influencing factors.[Methods]In-depth interview was made to staffer in Minghang CDC and TB patients from migrant people.Simulated clients observation were made in 5 clinics and 6 drugstores.[Results]Situation of diagnosis delayed of TB patients among migrants was serious.Poor economic situation,as an important cause,resulted in delayed diagnosis of TB among migrants.Health service providers(including hospitals and drugstores) influenced delayed diagnosis of TB among migrant people.[Conclusion]To improve this situation of delayed diagnosis,providing economical help is important.Migrants prefer to buy medicine from drugstore rather than go see a doctor.Ensuring sellers in drugstores to have rudimental medical knowledge is crucial.
Daily social interactions, close relationships, and systemic inflammation in two samples: Healthy middle-aged and older adults

Abstract Objective Systemic inflammation is thought to be a biological mediator between social relationship quality and premature mortality. Empirical work has yielded mixed support for an association of social relationship variables with systemic inflammation, perhaps due to methodological limitations. To date, research in this literature has focused on global perceptions of social relationships, with limited attention to the covariance of characteristics of daily social interactions with inflammation. Here, we examine whether daily interactions, as assessed by ecological momentary assessment (EMA), associate with peripheral markers of inflammation among midlife and older adults. Methods Global social support and integration were measured using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) and the Social Network Index (SNI), respectively, in older adults from the Pittsburgh Healthy Heart Project (PHHP), and in middle-aged adults from the Adult Health and Behavior Project–II (AHAB-II). Using time-sampled EMA, we assessed the proportion of the day spent in positive and negative social interactions. Systemic markers of inflammation were interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Global measures of support and integration did not associate with inflammation in either sample. In older adults, relative frequency of total positive interactions, those with close others (i.e. spouse, friends, family), and those with coworkers predicted lower concentrations of IL-6 in fully adjusted models, accounting for age, sex, race, education, BMI, smoking and alcohol. In middle-aged adults, relative frequency of positive interactions with close others was also inversely associated with IL-6 level and relative frequency of negative marital interactions was unexpectedly inversely associated with CRP level. Conclusions Characteristics of daily social interactions among midlife and older adults associate with markers of systemic inflammation that are known to predict risk for cardiovascular disease. Ambulatory measures may better capture health-relevant social processes in daily life than retrospective, global self-report measures.
Effect of neonatal sympathectomy on development of angiotensin II-induced hypertension

We tested, in the early stage of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, whether sympathectomy prevented the autopotentiation of vasoconstrictor responses by ANG II and, in the chronic, estab...
Treatment of far-advanced bronchogenic carcinoma by extracorporeally induced systemic hyperthermia.

Hyperthermia (41.5° to 42.0° C) was induced in patients with preterminal bronchogenic carcinoma by use of a Dacron femoral arteriovenous shunt and a TDMAC-treated extracorporeal circuit (ECC) incorporating a heat exchanger. A temperature-regulating device (TRD) autoregulated the temperature of the heat exchanger and thereby of the patient to within ±0.1° C, as measured in the urinary bladder with a thermistor-tipped Foley catheter. A total of 97 treatments averaging 5 hours in duration were administered to 25 patients, 23 of whom previously had had unsuccessful radiation/chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2) and BCNU (50 mg) were given during mid-hyperthermia. The distribution of tumor cell type was squamous cell in 15 (60%), large cell in four (16%), adenocarcinoma in three (12%), oat cell in two (8%), and alveolar cell carcinoma in one (4%). Adverse effects were principally moderate marrow suppression. Neurologic abnormalities occurred early in the series but were eliminated by maintenance of serum phosphate levels. Eighteen patients (72%) have died, 11 of tumor progression (of whom six completed hyperthermic treatment), four of infection or bleeding of necrosing tumor, and three of treatment complications. Patients who had had a pneumonectomy or who had significant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease adequately tolerated treatment. There was no instance of ECC-related hemolysis, thromboembolism, or significant cardiac failure. Antitumor effects were evidenced by roentgenographic, physical, or histologic findings in 16 of 25 patients (64%). Regressions were typically incomplete, and progression occurred 4 to 6 months after hyperthermia in seven of the 12 patients (58%) at risk. Four patients have stable regressed disease 7, 8, 13, and 20 months after hyperthermia. These data suggest the following: (1) Hyperthermia can cause regression of bronchogenic carcinoma resistant to other modes of therapy; (2) hyperthermia of 5 hours’ duration and 41.5° to 42.0° C magnitude will not routinely control bronchogenic carcinoma even with adjuvant cytotoxic agents; (3) further exploration of treatment regimens, particularly as applied to minimal residual disease, may be indicated.
Predicting sexual coercion in early adulthood: the transaction among maltreatment, gang affiliation, and adolescent socialization of coercive relationship norms

This study tested a transactional hypothesis predicting early adult sexual coercion from family maltreatment, early adolescent gang affiliation, and socialization of adolescent friendships that support coercive relationship norms. The longitudinal study of a community sample of 998 11-year-olds was intensively assessed in early and middle adolescence and followed to 23–24 years of age. At age 16–17 youth were videotaped with a friend, and their interactions were coded for coercive relationship talk. Structural equation modeling revealed that maltreatment predicted gang affiliation during early adolescence. Both maltreatment and gang affiliation strongly predicted adolescent sexual promiscuity and coercive relationship norms with friends at age 16–17 years. Adolescent sexual promiscuity, however, did not predict sexual coercion in early adulthood. In contrast, higher levels of observed coercive relationship talk with a friend predicted sexual coercion in early adulthood for both males and females. These findings suggest that peers have a socialization function in the development of norms prognostic of sexual coercion, and the need to consider peers in the promotion of healthy relationships.
Salivary output of the alcoholic: Effect of treatment with amitriptyline

In a group of alcoholic patients salivary output was measured before stimulation, during anticipation of tasting lemon juice, and after stimulation with lemon juice. These measures were obtained twice a day (a.m.-p.m.). Either amitriptyline or a placebo had been administered to each patient. The dental-roll technique for measuring salivary output was demonstrated to be reliable over time. In patients who had received the placebo salivary output in anticipation of the taste of lemon juice demonstrated an extinction phenomenon. Amitriptyline inhibited this anticipatory response. No relationship between the subjective symptom of dry mouth and salivary output was found. The results are interpreted as indicating that amitriptyline inhibits welldeveloped conditional anticipatory responses and that the symptom of dry mouth probably occurs predominantly during the hours immediately preceding mealtimes.
Community practice and the Afrocentric paradigm

ABSTRACTCommunity practice was developed by social reformers after Black people created communities after enslavement. Given America’s apartheid system of segregation, Black social leaders, also referred to as social reformers, were creating institutions and systems that not only attended to human needs but also affirmed culture, family, and traditions. As the Afrocentric perspective reinterpreted African philosophy, socioeconomic/political realities, and culture in the latter 20th century, social workers should apply this point of view within a community practice context to attend to systemic and environmental issues impacting the African American community. This article explores the intersection of community practice and the Afrocentric paradigm that social workers can apply in the 21st century.
Science to Practice: Enhancing Photothermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Targeted Hybrid Nanoparticles

In this issue of Radiology, White et al introduced their work on developing biofunctionalized hybrid magnetic gold nanoparticles as catalysts for photothermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases.
Attitudes towards debt-equity-swaps and privatization of state-owned enterprises

This study describes the privatization experience of Chile focusing primarily on the role played by debt-equity-swaps (DES). The use of a survey instrument and archival data suggest that DES speeded up the privatization process in Chile and made the privatization of large State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) easier. This is the first empirical study linking financial innovation (e.g. DES) to a privatization program.
Influence of the Variations of Orthotropy Parameters on the Stress State of Hollow Cylinders with Concave Corrugated Cross Sections

In the three-dimensional statement, by the method of approximation of functions by discrete Fourier series, we analyze the influence of orthotropy parameters on the stress state of hollow cylinders with cross sections in the form of connected concave semicorrugations subjected to the action of internal pressure under certain conditions on the ends. The results of investigations of the stress state are presented in the form of plots and a table.
Influence of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children

Objective To determine if gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is present at long-term follow-up after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), and to identify factors associated with the occurrence or aggravation of GERD after PEG placement. Study design This prospective, observational study was conducted in our single tertiary center over a 13-year period (gastrostomy performed from 1990 to 2003 and follow-up to 2015). Every child who underwent PEG in our center (N = 368) from 1990 to 2003 was eligible. GERD was defined by clinical manifestations requiring antisecretory or prokinetic treatment, occurrence of a GERD-related complication, or the need for antireflux surgery. Outcomes among patients without antireflux surgery were also assessed. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors aggravating GERD after PEG placement. Results A total 326 patients (89%; 56% with a neurologic impairment) were studied with a median follow-up after 3.5 years (range, 2.0-13.5 years). After PEG placement, GERD appeared in 11% of patients and was aggravated in 25% of patients with preexisting GERD. Factors associated with GERD worsening after PEG placement were neurologic impairment and preexisting GERD. Only 53 patients (16%) required antireflux surgery, among whom 22 required surgery in the year after PEG. Neurologic impairment was the only factor significantly associated with the need for antireflux surgery. Conclusions GERD predominantly remains clinically controlled after PEG placement. Routine antireflux surgery at the time of PEG placement is not justified.
LIGHT SCATTERING AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER ON A TRANSECT OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN AT 11° N

A combined investigation of the optical, physical and chemical properties was carried out on the suspended particulate matter on a transect of the North Atlantic Ocean at about 11°N. A nepheloid layer approximately 100 m thick was found at near-bottom in the western basin of the North Atlantic; no evidence of a near-bottom nepheloid layer was found in the eastern basin. This interbasin difference is evident in measurements of suspended particulate matter and absolute light scattering β (45) and is thought to be due to differences in bottom water movement between the two basins, Within the western basin, near-bottom maxima in the above parameters coincides with the maximum flux of Antarctic Bottom Water. Increases in suspended particulate matter and absolute light scattering occur between 3000 and 4000 m at 2 stations near South America. Potential temperature/salinity characteristics of this water are consistent with its being a southerly extension of the Western Boundary Undercurrent. At 2 stations over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, large (30–40%) increases in the mass of suspended particulate matter occur 30 m above the bottom. Particulate organic carbon and particulate carbonate determinations indicate these increases are due to greater amounts of refractory oxides and/or hydroxides in the suspended matter and may represent an injection or diffusion of materials from the ridge to deep ocean waters. Samples taken in Subtropic Underwater, oxygen minimum water and Antarctic Intermediate Water show relatively low amounts of suspended particulate matter and absolute light scattering, indicating that the nepheloid character reported for these water masses in the northwestern Caribbean and Yucatan Channel must be acquired in transit through the Carribbean Sea. Near-bottom nepheloid layers were found at four stations along a 240 km stretch of the African continental rise. The source of much of the particulate matter between 1000 m and the bottom in this part of the eastern basin is thought to be terrigenous material delivered by a northwest-moving bottom current from the continental shelves of Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS

Since the discovery of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 in patients 25 years ago, efforts have been directed toward identifying or developing appropriate models for this disease. Several species of nonhuman primates can be productively infected with primate lentiviruses HIV-1, HIV-2, SIV, and genetic chimeras of HIV and SIV (SHIV), and the ensuing pathology has many elements in common with HIV infection of humans. This chapter summarizes the key features of the nonhuman primate models that have been developed for AIDS research as of 2006. It focuses on (1) the major contributions and limitations of these models to our understanding of HIV infection and pathogenesis and (2) uses of the models to test prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection and/or limit disease. It is intended as a reference for investigators in the field as well as for those considering utilizing the models to address specific questions in AIDS research. In an overview of this type, comprehensive referencing of studies is not possible, and key examples are included in an effort to cite some of the many important studies performed to date. Many excellent comprehensive and focused reviews on the subject of nonhuman primate models for AIDS have been written in the past several years, and readers are encouraged to consult these reviews for details, examples, and additional references.
Physical Forcing Functions

In a temperate estuary like Narragansett Bay, one of the most important forces operating on the ecological system is temperature. The major variation is seasonal, although some diel and spatial fluctuations also occur. Within the model, diel and vertical temperature differences are ignored while temperature varies among the spatial elements on a daily schedule. The observed seasonal pattern closely approximates a sinusoidal curve, and a simple equation may be formulated which matches the time of maximum or minimum temperature and the yearly amplitude. The seasonal pattern of the bay wide average of all temperature measurements during the field sampling program can be described with the equation: $$ Temp({}^oC) = 11.5 - 8.5\;\cos [2\pi (day - 40)/365] $$ (1) .
Factors in developing salt balances in groundwater basins

This paper discusses criteria and methodology for developing Salt Balance Analysis in Groundwater Basins The project describes a basic approach to account for geological processes including water rock and water soil interactions and mineral dissolution as an in situ source of salt loading to groundwater basins Salt balance terms are summarized along with factors responsible for the variation of the respective loading terms Methods of determining total dissolved solids TDS are discussed to allow conformity between time series data in long term analysis of salt loading to aquifers using multiple historical data bases
Do mathematical explanations have instrumental value

Scientific explanations are widely recognized to have instrumental value by helping scientists make predictions and control their environment. In this paper I raise, and provide a first analysis of, the question whether explanatory proofs in mathematics have analogous instrumental value. I first identify an important goal in mathematical practice: reusing resources from existing proofs to solve new problems. I then consider the more specific question: do explanatory proofs have instrumental value by promoting reuse of the resources they contain? In general, I argue that the answer to this question is "no" and demonstrate this in detail for the theory of mathematical explanation developed by Marc Lange.
6 Cognition and Learning

This chapter presents a history of the related fields of learning and cognitive psychology from antiquity to the present. Emphasis is on basic theoretical issues in learning and cognition and the linked area of philosophy of mind. Keywords: behaviorism; cognitivism; associationism; philosophy of mind; associationism
Withdrawing and Withholding in the Clinical Arena

The debate between Ursin (2019) and Wilkinson and colleagues (2019) in this issue of The American Journal of Bioethics underscores the long-standing theoretical controversy about the equivalence of...
A unified approach for thermoelastic constitutive modeling of composite structures

Abstract Mechanics of structure genome (MSG) has been extended to provide a unified approach to predict the thermoelastic behaviors of composite structures. The variational statement of the MSG models has been modified to capture pointwise temperature distribution in composite structures. The effective coefficients of thermal expansions (CTEs) are predicted using the MSG solid model whose accuracy is validated using the three dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Thermal induced stress resultants are derived based on the extended MSG plate and beam models, which are used to describe the thermoelastic behaviors of thin or slender structures. The traditional fiber reinforced laminates and complex woven composite structures subjected to distributed temperature loads are analyzed using the proposed method. The results, including both the structural responses and local 3D stress fields, are predicted and compared with the ones from direct numerical simulations (DNS) using 3D FEA.
Time to Use ANDs Instead of ORs? The Role of Business Schools in Advertising Education:

This brief essay argues for an interdisciplinary approach and discusses the benefits, issues, and constraints of business education as part of the endeavor to teach the next generation of advertisers.
Pen as a bridge: instructor perspectives on incorporating diversity and inclusion in writing intensive courses

This study examines how seventeen writing intensive instructors at a Midwestern, public university used writing as a mode of learning about complex, sensitive, and challenging issues across the dis...
Microtubule attachment and centromeric tension shape the protein architecture of the human kinetochore

Summary The nanoscale protein architecture of the kinetochore, a complex protein machine, plays an integral role in the molecular mechanisms underlying its functions in chromosome segregation. However, defining this architecture in human cells remains challenging because of the large size and compositional complexity of the kinetochore. Here, we use Forster Resonance Energy Transfer to reveal the architecture of individual kinetochore-microtubule attachments in human cells. We find that the microtubule-binding domains of the Ndc80 complex cluster at the microtubule plus-end. This clustering occurs only after microtubule attachment, and it increases proportionally with centromeric tension. Surprisingly, this clustering is independent of the organization and number of centromeric receptors for Ndc80. Moreover, Ndc80 clustering is similar in yeast and human kinetochores despite significant differences in their centromeric organizations. These and other data suggest that the microtubule-binding interface of the human kinetochore behaves like a flexible “lawn” despite being nucleated by repeating biochemical subunits.
Shape equations for two-dimensional manifolds with nonempty boundary based on a variational method

A smooth surface is considered which has a curved boundary. A system of exterior differential forms is introduced which describes the surface and boundary curves completely in the moving frame appr...
N-Terminal Pro Brain, N-Terminal Pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptides, and Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation.

Background Elevated natriuretic peptides (NP) are associated with adverse cerebrovascular conditions including stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, and dementia. However, the mechanisms underlyin...
Identification of Risk Factors in the Development of Clinically Significant Subcapsular Hematomas Following Shock Wave Lithotripsy

A retrospective study of 1,012 shock wave lithotripsy treatments was performed to identify and analyze the risk factors for the development of six clinically significant post-ESWL subcapsular hematomas. The six patients had developed clinical signs and symptoms that on evaluation were confirmed as originating from a subcapsular hematoma.
Developing a digital marketing tool for ethnic ventures' mixed business model and market-shaping: A design scientific approach of web demographics

Abstract Based on the advanced market conceptualizations and the emergence of market-shaping strategy and mixed business models, this study develops a theoretical definition and a practical solution of digital marketing for ethnic ventures' mixed business model and market-shaping strategy. This study argues that building an ethnic foothold can feasibly empower ethnic ventures' market-shaping over mass customization and customerization and thus allows the ventures to grow fast through their mixed business model combining business-to-business and business-to-consumer. Subsequently, for the main part, adopting a design scientific approach and relying on web demographics' interoperability and geographic reference, we design and test a procedure of market-shaping strategy for ethnic ventures. Exemplified by a data subset collected from people-finder websites regarding Vietnamese Americans in Texas, our process of mixed business model and market-shaping strategy uniquely involves three stages: (1) acquisition and identification, (2) description and secondary clustering, and (3) conscription and network-targeting.
Quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points on An-resolutions

We determine the two-point invariants of the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points of surface resolutions associated to type An singularities. The operators encoding these invariants are expressed in terms of the action of the the affine Lie algebra b gl(n+ 1) on its basic representation. Assuming a certain nondegeneracy conjecture, these operators determine the full structure of the quantum cohomology ring. A relationship is proven between the quantum cohomology and Gromov-Witten/DonaldsonThomas theories of An × P 1 . We close with a discussion of the monodromy properties of the associated quantum differential equation and a generalization to singularities of type D and E.
Diversions: How the Underrepresentation of Research on Advantaged Groups Leaves Explanations for Health Inequalities Incomplete:

We identify a gap in health inequalities research that sociologists are particularly well situated to fill-an underrepresentation of research on the role advantaged groups play in creating inequalities. We name the process that creates the imbalance health-inequality diversions. We gathered evidence from awarded grants (349), major health-related data sets (7), research articles (324), and Healthy People policy recommendations. We assess whether the inequality-generating actions of advantaged groups are considered either directly by capturing their behaviors or indirectly by asking disadvantaged people about discrimination or exploitation from advantaged groups. We further assess whether there is a tendency to locate the problem in the person or group experiencing health inequalities. We find that diversions are prevalent across all steps of the research process. The diversion concept suggests new lines of sociological research to understand why diversions occur and how gaps in evidence concerning the role of the advantaged might be filled.
COVID-19 frauds: An exploratory study of victimization during a global crisis.

Research summary The COVID-19 pandemic threated public health and safety and led to a number of virus-related fraud schemes. We surveyed over 2,200 American adults to investigate their experiences with COVID-19-related frauds. Our goals were to better understand fraud targeting and victimization, as well as the impacts of fraud on victims. Over a quarter of our sample reported purchasing either a COVID-19-related product or a service, yet 42.5% reported feeling targeted for fraud. Being a target of COVID-19 frauds is significantly linked to one's routine activities, however it is one's level of self-control that more strongly predicts victimization. COVID-19 anxieties mediate the impact of self-control on purchasing. Policy implications Legal interventions and increased regulations surrounding advertising are a potential mechanism for protecting consumers, yet "soft" interventions that interrupt routine activities might be more useful and applicable. The use of white-lists and publicly available websites that allow e-commerce sites and sellers to be verified would help enable higher levels of self-guardianship. It is also important to provide continuous and clear messaging about what is being done to protect consumers.
Demonstration of a High-Fidelity cnot Gate for Fixed-Frequency Transmons with Engineered Z Z Suppression

Improving two-qubit gate performance and suppressing cross talk are major, but often competing, challenges to achieving scalable quantum computation. In particular, increasing the coupling to realize faster gates has been intrinsically linked to enhanced cross talk due to unwanted two-qubit terms in the Hamiltonian. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling architecture for transmon qubits that circumvents the standard relationship between desired and undesired interaction rates. Using two fixed frequency coupling elements to tune the dressed level spacings, we demonstrate an intrinsic suppression of the static $ZZ$ while maintaining large effective coupling rates. Our architecture reveals no observable degradation of qubit coherence (${T}_{1},{T}_{2}g100\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$) and, over a factor of 6 improvement in the ratio of desired to undesired coupling. Using the cross-resonance interaction, we demonstrate a 180 ns single-pulse controlled not (cnot) gate, and measure a cnot fidelity of 99.77(2)% from interleaved randomized benchmarking.
International, national and local trends in the spread of COVID-19: a geographic view of COVID-19 spread and the role to be played by coproduction.

BACKGROUND COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in 2019 and led to a worldwide pandemic in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a massive natural experiment in the formation of mitigation strategies to prevent cases and to provide effective healthcare for those afflicted. Regional differences in the impact of the pandemic on morbidity and mortality have been driven by political and regional differences in the coproduction of public health and social policy. We explored the United States (US) experience of COVID-19 for trends and correlations with other nations and also at the national, regional, state and local levels. OBJECTIVE To identify geographic and temporal trends in the spread of COVID-19 in the United States. METHODS Population data on COVID-19 cases and mortality were acquired on a daily basis from multiple publicly available databases, including the New York Times and Johns Hopkins University. At each geographic level (national, state and county), geographic entities' reported cases were evaluated for correlations using linear least-squares methods to identify patterns of correlation in the cases independent of scale. We evaluated for two specific characteristics: (i) the nature of the curvature of the line linking across percentile scores, ranging from concave to convex and (ii) the area under this curve, indicating how effectively a selected region (nation, state and county) is linked to its entire containing unit (world, country and state). We used this approach to identify three distinct COVID behavior phenotypes, each of which consisted of a number of states in the USA. RESULTS We found that COVID activity in the USA follows a unique trend compared to other countries and that within the USA during the first year of the pandemic, three initial COVID phenotypes emerged: (i) the metropolitan outbreak (early outbreak phenotype); (ii) the regional outbreak (summer peak phenotype) and (iii) trans-regional outbreak (fall/winter peak phenotype), which, taken in sum, represent the overall USA national trend. Each phenotype has specific behavioral characteristics and is composed of a cluster of different states experiencing different conditions. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a new opportunity for public health strategy in the pandemic, namely to apply targeted public health approaches to address the specific needs of each phenotype. In the future, we should create databases that capture key health and hardship data elements at the smallest geographic level possible and use these to track trends, predict the future and apply targeted coproduction approaches to more effectively and efficiently safeguard population health, economic vitality and social well-being.
Optical water quality in rivers

[1] Optical water quality (OWQ) governs the quantity and quality of light in aquatic ecosystems, and thus spatiotemporal changes in OWQ affect many biotic and abiotic processes. Despite the fundamental role of light in rivers, studies on riverine OWQ have been limited and mostly descriptive. Here we provide a comprehensive, quantitative analysis of the controls and spatiotemporal dynamics of riverine OWQ, focusing on the inherent optical properties (IOPs), which are those that are only affected by water constituents and not by changes in the solar radiation field. First, we briefly review the constituents attenuating light in rivers. Second, we develop a new method for partitioning (light) beam attenuation into its constituent fractions. This method distinguishes between absorption and scattering by dissolved and particulate constituents, and further isolates particulates into mineral and organic components. Third, we compare base flow IOPs between four rivers with vastly different physical characteristics to illustrate intersite variability. Fourth, we analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of IOPs for the four rivers. Fifth, we quantify a longitudinal water clarity budget for one of the rivers. Finally, available data are synthesized to identify general spatial trends robust across broad geographic areas. Temporal trends in IOPs were largely dictated by storm frequency, while spatial trends were largely dictated by channel network configuration. Generally, water clarity decreased with increasing discharge primarily owing to greater scattering by particulates and secondarily to greater absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Water clarity also generally decreased longitudinally along the river owing to increased particulate inputs from tributaries; however, for pear-shaped, dendritic basins, water clarity reached a minimum at ∼70% of the channel length and then increased. By illustrating the controls and spatiotemporal variability of riverine OWQ, these findings will be of interest to water resource managers and fluvial ecologists and specifically for remote-sensing of fluvial environments and river plumes in receiving waters.
Effect of Obesity on the Hepatotoxicity of High Dose Oral (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Fatty liver disease is a co-morbidity of obesity which is characterized by increased hepatic oxidative stress and increased sensitivity to drug induced liver injury (DILI). Green tea based dietary supplements containing high levels of the polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have become popular for weight loss. Case-studies have reported hepatotoxicity associated with consumption of green tea-based supplements and laboratory studies have shown the potential hepatotoxicity of EGCG in animals. With a growing body of evidence of high dose EGCG mediated liver toxicity, and studies showing increased sensitivity to DILI in obese subjects, it is reasonable to hypothesize that obesity may increase susceptibility to EGCG mediated hepatotoxicity. We tested this hypothesis in high fat-fed obese C57BL/6J mice. Obese and age-matched lean controls were treated with 0, 500, or 750 mg/kg EGCG by oral gavage, once daily for 2 d. At 500 mg/kg, EGCG treatment increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and h...
Validating powertrain controller systems with the VPACS-HIL powertrain simulator

To manage the function of a vehicle's engine, transmission, and related subsystems, almost all modern vehicles make use of one or more electronic controllers running embedded software, henceforth referred to as a Powertrain Controller System or PCS. Fully validating this PCS is a necessary step of vehicle development, and the validation process requires extensive amounts of testing. Traditionally, this validation testing is done with open-loop signal generators, powertrain dynamometers, and real vehicles. Such testing methods either cannot simulate complex control system interactions, or are expensive and subject to variability. To address these concerns while decreasing development time and improving vehicle quality, Ford Motor Company is placing increasing focus on validating a PCS through simulation. One such testing method is a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation, which mates the physical elements of a PCS to a real-time computer simulation of a powertrain. A particular implementation of this testing method is Ford's VPACS (Virtual Powertrain and Control System) HIL system. VPACS-HIL provides a 'Virtual Powertrain' in the form of a proprietary closed-loop drivable powertrain model, running in real-time on a computer system that includes extensive signal input and output resources, with a proprietary electrical load system that automates electrical faulting. This paper will discuss the key attributes of the VPACS-HIL system, discuss the overall capabilities of Ford's VPACS-HIL lab, and review the primary applications of VPACS-HIL for PCS validation testing. This paper will also illustrate the benefits of VPACS-HIL through customer examples, including: increased rates of test completion, decreased cost per test, and more consistent test execution.