cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method for concurrent measurement of picomole quantities of acetylcholine, choline, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tryptophan, tyrosine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid in single tissue samples from different areas of rat central nervous system.

A rapid and sensitive method for separation and concurrent assay of 14 compounds at the picomole level in individual rat brain parts is described. The putative amino acid neurotransmitters (aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glycine) are extracted from a 20–30 mg portion of the tissue with 5% TCA and assayed as their respective DNP-amino acid methyl ester derivatives by glc. Four other putative neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) and some of their precursors and metabolites (choline, tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and tyrosine) are extracted in 1n formic acid-acetone (v/v:15/85) from the remaining tissue. The lipids are removed with a heptane-chloroform (v/v:8/1) wash and the aqueous phase is dried at 37°C under N2. The dried extract is dissolved in water (pH 4). With one portion of this solution, acetylcholine and choline are assayed using a radioenzymatic method whereas with the rest, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, tryptophan, and tyrosine are separated with three ion exchange resins arranged in tandem. These compounds are assayed fluorometrically with modified microadaptations of previously reported methods.
Carcinoma of the lower lip with perineural extension to the middle cranial fossa

An 81-year-old man had left labial paresthesia and a palpable mass adjacent to the left mental foramen 6 months after apparent adequate excision of a small (1.5 cm) primary squamous cell carcinoma of the left portion of the lower lip. Biopsy and clinical evaluation revealed recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequent left hemimandibulectomy confirmed perineural extension of tumor along the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve to the foramen ovale. Seven months later, the patient died of complications resulting from intracranial extension of tumor to the left cerebellopontine angle. This case illustrates the lethal potential of carcinoma of the lip due to contiguous perineural extension, even with a small primary tumor and absence of regional lymph node metastases.
CELL PATTERNS IN EARLY EMBRYOGENY OF THE McINTOSH APPLE

THERE HAS long been a need for more detailed investigations of all phases of embryology, as there are serious gaps in the literature. Most papers in the field either report studies of the very early sequences of cell division, or they describe the events leading up to fertilization and may also include some early embryonic stages. Only a few describe in detail the origin and development of meristems, tissues, and organs as they arise in ontogeny. This study aims to describe the ontogeny of a dicotyledonous embryo, that of the McIntosh apple, by determining the number, kind, and sequence of events and their possible interrelationships. Such a study should lead to a clearer understanding of the anatomy of the mature plant, since it provides a basis for further studies of factors which operate to bring about the organization of the mature plant. The McIntosh apple was chosen for study because it is readily available and is a dicotyledon of considerable economic importance about which a great deal already is known. This study started out to be a detailed description of the sequence of cell divisions which produce the embryo, but the embryos do not grow by a single sequence of predetermined cell divisions. The embryo as a whole goes through a sequence of growth periods. In apple four major stages of growth occur: (1) the embryo grows as a filament; (2) the embryo tends to grow like a sphere; (3) new centers of growth are established, and primary meristems are initiated, as some of the cells become morphologically altered; and (4) the cotyledonary primordia grow rapidly, as the shoot apex, leaf primordia, and procambia develop. The first three stages are described in this paper. The filamentous stage is divided into two phases. The first begins with the zygote (fig. 1) which without increasing in size is divided by three transverse divisions into four cells (fig. 2, 9, 23-27). In the second phase the embryo increases its size only in length (fig. 3). Transverse divisions divide the em-
Computational illumination for 3D differential phase contrast imaging

We demonstrate 3D differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy based on computational illumination with a programmable LED array.
The World of the Worker: Labor in Twentieth-Century America

The World of the Worker illuminates workers' lives at home, on the job, and in the voting booths. A new preface enhances this social, cultural, and political history: an unparalleled picture of working people during the turbulent rise and fall of the labor movement.
Pedophilic Behavior from Brain Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Child molestation or other pedophilic behavior may result as a consequence of a brain disorder. Aim To characterize the mechanisms of pedophilic behavior associated with neurological diseases. Methods We report eight patients with pedophilic behavior as a manifestation of their brain disorder and review the literature. Main Outcome Measures The sexual, neuropsychiatric, and neurological aspects of a series of patients. Results All eight developed sexual behavior toward prepubescent children in mid‐ to late‐life coincident with the development of a neurological disorder. Five had limited insight, anxiety, or concern for their behavior and tended to have frontal lobe executive deficits. Most of this group had frontally predominant disorders. Two others retained insight and concern in the context of marked hypersexuality. This second group had treated Parkinson's disease and resembled reports of pedophilic behavior from subcortical lesions. The further presence of right temporal lobe‐amygdala involvement may have predisposed to specific sexual preoccupation in some patients. Conclusions Brain disorders may release a predisposition to sexual attraction for children through disinhibition with frontal disease, sexual preoccupation with right temporal disease, or hypersexuality with subcortical disease in non‐motor basal ganglia, hypothalamus, or septal nuclei. Differentiating these mechanisms of pedophilic behavior from brain disease could facilitate targeted interventions. Mendez M and Shapira JS. Pedophilic behavior from brain disease.
United States Crystalline Repository Project - key research areas

The Crystalline Repository Project is responsible for siting the second high-level nuclear waste repository in crystalline rock for the US Department of Energy. A methodology is being developed to define data and information needs and a way to evaluate that information. The areas of research the Crystalline Repository Project is involved in include fluid flow in a fractured network, coupled thermal, chemical and flow processes and cooperation in other nations and OECD research programs.
Prediction outcome and choice reaction time: Inhibition versus facilitation effects

Abstract In two-choice RT tasks Ss verbally predicted all stimulus presentations, two-thirds of the presentations, or none of the presentations. Effects of stimulus probability were similar for each type of prediction trial: Correct Prediction Outcome (PO), Incorrect PO, and No-Prediction (NP). When comparisons between Prediction and NP trials were between Ss, reactions on NP trials were significantly faster than reactions POs, but were not slower than reactions to Correct POs. However, when Prediction and NP trials occurred within Ss, reactions on NP trials were not faster than reactions to Incorrect POs, but were significantly slower than reactions to Correct POs. Speculations about Ss' implicit stimulus predictions are offered to interpret differential implications of inhibition and facilitation.
Survival of Wood Duck Ducklings and Broods in Mississippi and Alabama

Abstract Although North American wood ducks (Aix sponsa) are well-studied throughout their range, researchers know little about demographic and environmental factors influencing survival of ducklings and broods, which is necessary information for population management. We studied radiomarked female and duckling wood ducks that used nest boxes and palustrine wetlands at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge (NNWR) in Mississippi, USA, in 1996–1999, and riverine wetlands of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Rivers and Waterway (TTRW) system in Alabama in 1998–1999. We estimated survival of ducklings and broods and evaluated potentially important predictors of duckling survival, including age and body mass of brood-rearing females, hatch date of ducklings, duckling mass, brood size at nest departure, inter-day travel distance by ducklings, site and habitat use, and daily minimum air temperature and precipitation. At NNWR, survival of 300 radiomarked ducklings ranged from 0.15 (95% CI = 0.04–0.27) to 0.24 (95% CI = 0.13–0.3...
A Method to Correlate Ambient Wind to Fabric Face Velocity and Permeability

Particle penetration performance for a number of fabrics in the presence of a variety of ambient winds was estimated. Fabric permeability was measured and particle penetration curves, based on constant face velocities, were acquired using a bench top swatch testing apparatus. The pressure measured on the inner cylinder in the presence of ambient wind and for a variety of installed fabric sleeves constrained by a support screen was nearly constant with azimuth angle. Little difference was noted between the pressure on the inner cylinder and the pressure drop across the fabric at an azimuth angle of 0 degrees. The case of the unconstrained fabric sleeve had significantly different pressure around the azimuth and remains an area of further research. The results show that the relationship of the face velocity and fabric pressure drop to the ambient wind speed is polynomial for a rigidly constrained sleeve. Understanding the relationship between permeability, fabric face velocity, and particle penetration will lead not only to a more efficient and quicker method to test developmental fabrics and filters but also may be used for validating computational fluid mechanic codes.
Acute Pancreatitis and Critical Illness: A Pancreatic Tale of Hypoperfusion and Inflammation

Since it was first widely recognized at the end of the 19th century, acute pancreatitis has proven a formidable clinical challenge, frequently resulting in management within critical care settings. Because the early assessment of severity is difficult, the recognition of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the implementation of critical care treatment precepts often are delayed. Although different management strategies for life-threatening features of SAP have been debated for decades, there has been little recent reduction in mortality rates, which can be as high as 30%. This article discusses severity designation at the time of diagnosis, reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms so well characterized by the noxious combination of severe systemic inflammation and hypoperfusion, and provides a management algorithm that parallels current critical care strategies.
S100A4 Regulates Macrophage Chemotaxis

S100A4, a member of the S100 family of Ca(2+)-binding proteins, is directly involved in tumor metastasis. In addition to its expression in tumor cells, S100A4 is expressed in normal cells and tissues, including fibroblasts and cells of the immune system. To examine the contribution of S100A4 to normal physiology, we established S100A4-deficient mice by gene targeting. Homozygous S100A4(-/-) mice are fertile, grow normally and exhibit no overt abnormalities; however, the loss of S100A4 results in impaired recruitment of macrophages to sites of inflammation in vivo. Consistent with these observations, primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) derived from S100A4(-/-) mice display defects in chemotactic motility in vitro. S100A4(-/-) BMMs form unstable protrusions, overassemble myosin-IIA, and exhibit altered colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling. These studies establish S100A4 as a regulator of physiological macrophage motility and demonstrate that S100A4 mediates macrophage recruitment and chemotaxis in vivo.
SPIRITUALITY AS AN EXPLANATORY AND NORMATIVE SCIENCE: APPLYING LONERGAN'S ANALYSIS OF INTENTIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS TO RELATE PSYCHOLOGY AND THEOLOGY

In a pluralistic society, consensus in spirituality must rest on a common human basis. The relevant social sciences as currently conceived cannot provide one. Bernard Lonergan's analysis of the human spirit – or intentional consciousness – elaborates the overlooked element in a psychological account of the human mind and, thus, grounds a psychology of spirituality as the natural expression of ongoing human integration, an account that is fully open to and, indeed, begs for theological elaboration. Initially unpacking the complexities of this matter and sketching a Lonerganian response, this paper focuses on the key complexity – the misidentification of the spiritual with the divine and the pervasive insistence, inherited from a pre-scientific age and perpetuated by Western piety, that first and foremost spirituality entails an explicit relationship with God. Treatment of a specifically Lonerganian topic – the suggestion that, because of the transformation effected by sanctifying grace in the human soul, consciousness includes a supposed fifth level characterized by the love of God – occasions an in-depth argument for the practical adequacy of a psychological treatment of spirituality apart from theological considerations. The ultimate goal of this argument is to establish, within a coherent interdisciplinary framework, an explanatory and normative treatment of spiritual issues, a science of spirituality.
The Heavy Quark Potential and the ϒ, J/ψ Systems*

Abstract A new heavy quark potential is proposed which incorporates the two concepts of asymptotic freedom and linear quark confinement in a unified manner. It is shown that this potential reproduces the spectroscopy of the triplet c c ¯ system charmonium and the triplet b b ¯ system upsilonium. The only parameters other than a scale size Λ, are the quark masses.
Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Athletic Training.

Objective: To describe and analyze the experiences of ethnically diverse female certified athletic trainers (ATCs) in order to discern the perceived nature of sexual harassment in the athletic training profession. Design and Setting: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for a larger study; however, only the qualitative data are presented here. An in-depth telephone interview survey for the larger study was developed, of which several questions pertained to sexual harassment. Participants: An ethnically diverse group of twenty-five female ATCs (American Indian/Alaskan Native; Asian/Pacific Island; Black, non-Hispanic; Hispanic; and White, non-Hispanic), five from each ethnic/racial group, participated in the interview. Measurements: Data were collected via an in-depth telephone interview. Female ATCs were asked if they had experienced sexual harassment in the classroom, clinical rotation or on the job. The data were analyzed using Vaughn, Schumm and Sinagub's1 five step method of qualitative...
Biochemistry of Na,K-ATPase

▪ Abstract The Na,K-ATPase or sodium pump carries out the coupled extrusion and uptake of Na and K ions across the plasma membranes of cells of most higher eukaryotes. It is a member of the P-type ...
A New Method of Tracheal Reconstruction

Abstract When resection of more than 50% of the trachea is necessary, tracheal reconstruction becomes a very difficult problem. We tested a new method of tracheal reconstruction using the left main bronchus. The procedure was performed in 6 adult mongrel dogs. Through a midline sternotomy, a left pneumonectomy is performed, preserving as much of the left main bronchus as possible. The carina is preserved and mobilized, and the left main bronchus is passed under the aortic arch and reversed. The distal end of the bronchus is anastomosed to the proximal end of the resected trachea. The distal end of the resected trachea is closed by stapling. Four animals survived the procedure without apparent functional difficulty and remained healthy until they were killed five to ten months postoperatively. The anastomosis was well healed without stenosis. Anatomical measurements in 10 human cadavers revealed that the length of the left main bronchus to the level of the upper lobe takeoff is approximately 50% that of the trachea. The diameter of the left main bronchus is approximately 75% that of the trachea. We believe that the technique described can extend the limits of tracheal resection in a selected group of patients for whom there is currently no good alternative.
Servohydraulic methods for mechanical testing in the Sub-Hopkinson rate regime up to strain rates of 500 1/s.

Tensile and compressive stress-strain experiments on metals at strain rates in the range of 1-1000 1/s are relevant to many applications such as gravity-dropped munitions and airplane accidents. While conventional test methods cover strain rates up to {approx}10 s{sup -1} and split-Hopkinson and other techniques cover strain rates in excess of {approx}1000 s{sup -1}, there are no well defined techniques for the intermediate or ''Sub-Hopkinson'' strain-rate regime. The current work outlines many of the challenges in testing in the Sub-Hopkinson regime, and establishes methods for addressing these challenges. The resulting technique for obtaining intermediate rate stress-strain data is demonstrated in tension on a high-strength, high-toughness steel alloy (Hytuf) that could be a candidate alloy for earth penetrating munitions and in compression on a Au-Cu braze alloy.
Tracking a century of global expansion and evolution of HIV to drive understanding and to combat disease

Since the isolation of HIV, multiple transmissions are thought to have occurred between man and other old-world primates. Assessment of samples from apes and human beings with African equatorial forest ancestry has traced the origin of HIV-1 to chimpanzees, and dated its most recent common ancestor to 1908. The evolution of HIV-1 has been rapid, which has resulted in a complex classification, worldwide spread, and intermixing of strains; at least 48 circulating recombinant forms are currently identified. In addition to posing a nearly insurmountable challenge for diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, and prevention, this extreme and divergent evolution has led to differences in virulence between HIV-1 groups, subtypes, or both. Coincidental changes in human migration in the Congo river basin also affected spread of disease. Research over the past 25 years and advances in genomic sequencing methods, such as deep DNA sequencing, have greatly improved understanding and analysis of the thousands to millions of full infectious HIV-1 genomes.
A 17-year experience with mitral valve repair with artificial chordae in infants and children

OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine our long-term results of mitral valve (MV) repair with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) sutures and to determine the predictors for the outcome of this procedure. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2011, MV repair with chordal reconstruction by artificial chordae was achieved in 78 patients (34 males and 44 females). Median age at repair was 1.5 years (range 3.6 months–13.4) and weight was 9.1 kg (2.5–31.4). The mean follow-up was 8.3 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse the risk factors for a composite outcome of death, conversion to other MV repair techniques or MV replacement, reoperation on MV and recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR). RESULTS: According to Carpentier classification, 65 (83.3%) patients were Type 2 and 13 (16.7%) were Type 3. Mitral annuloplasty was performed in all cases, except 2. During MV repair, 8 (10.3%) patients were ineffective with artificial chordae and converted to other techniques. Six (7.7%) patients underwent MV reoperation (three repairs and three replacements). Freedom from MV reoperation was 92.5 and 90.4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. There was 1 in-hospital death. At the latest follow-up, moderate or more MR was observed in 3 (3.8%) patients. Risks for the composite outcome were low body weight at operation and Carpentier classification Type 3. CONCLUSIONS: MV repair with artificial chordae in infants and children is safe and effective and associated with a low reoperation rate. Further investigation into the long-term durability and biological adaptation of ePTFE sutures after patient growth is mandatory.
Standards-based classroom assessments of English proficiency: A review of issues, current developments, and future directions for research

With the United States’ adoption of a standards-based approach to education, most attention has focused on the large-scale, high-stakes assessments intended to measure students’ mastery of standard...
Characterization of GaAs devices by a versatile pulsed I-V measurement system

The authors build and utilized a pulsed I-V system which is capable of reaching any current-voltage point of three-terminal devices from any arbitrarily chosen DC bias point. The system, which can be used on wafer, serves as an invaluable tool for device modeling and process diagnostics. Direct dependence of the pulsed I-V curves on the DC bias was found in GaAs MESFETs and HEMTs (high-electron mobility transistors). >
Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750-1808

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Abbreviations. Glossary. 1. Dispositions 2. Change 3. Divergence 4. Confrontation 5. Conspiracy 6. Skulduggery 7. Crisis 8. Compromise Maps. Statistical Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
An Efficient Algorithm for the Detection of Infrequent Rapid Bursts in Time Series Data

Searching through data for infrequent rapid bursts is a common requirement in many areas of scientific research. In this paper, we present a powerful and flexible analysis method that, in a single pass through the data, searches for statistically significant bursts on a set of specified short timescales. The input data are binned, if necessary, and then quantified in terms of probabilities rather than rates or ratios. Using a measure-like probability makes the method relatively count rate independent. The method has been made computationally efficient by the use of lookup tables and cyclic buffers, and it is therefore particularly well suited to real-time applications. The technique has been developed specifically for use in an X-ray astronomy application to search for millisecond bursts from black hole candidates such as Cyg X-1. We briefly review the few observations of these types of features reported in the literature, as well as the variety of ways in which their statistical reliability was challenged. The developed technique, termed the burst expectation search (BES) method, is illustrated using some data simulations and archived data obtained during ground testing of the proportional counter array (PCA) experiment detectors on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). A potential application for a real-time BES method on board RXTE is also examined.
Predicting Item Difficulty in a Reading Comprehension Test with an Artificial Neural Network.

This article reports the results of using a three-layer backpropagation artificial neural network to predict item difficulty in a reading comprehension test. Two network structures were developed: ...
Syntactic and semantic data: replication results

Substantially all recent work in syntax and semantics is based on the linguist's introspective judgments of meaning and grammaticality. As is well known (cf. Labov 1972: 197ff.), other linguists often disagree with the original judgments; and such disagreements are, if anything, more common on examples of major theoretical importance. These disagreements cast doubt on introspection as a primary method for data collection, which in turn casts doubt on all the recent theoretical work using this methodology. It is therefore a crucial problem to develop an improved methodology to control or replace the use of the linguist's introspection.
The benefit of enhanced contractility in the infarct borderzone: a virtual experiment.

A. Objectives Contractile function in the normally perfused infarct borderzone (BZ) is depressed. However, the impact of reduced BZ contractility on left ventricular (LV) pump function is unknown. As a consequence, there have been no therapies specifically designed to improve BZ contractility. We tested the hypothesis that an improvement in borderzone contractility will improve LV pump function. B. Methods From a previously reported study, magnetic resonance (MRI) images with non-invasive tags were used to calculate 3D myocardial strain in five sheep 16 weeks after anteroapical myocardial infarction. Animal specific finite element (FE) models were created using MRI data and LV pressure obtained at early diastolic filling. Analysis of borderzone function using those FE models has been previously reported. Chamber stiffness, pump function (Starling’s law) and stress in the fiber, cross fiber and circumferential directions were calculated. Animal-specific FE models were performed for three cases: a) impaired BZ contractility (INJURED); b) BZ contractility fully restored (100% BZ IMPROVEMENT); or c) BZ contractility partially restored (50% BZ IMPROVEMENT). C. Results 100% BZ IMPROVEMENT and 50% BZ IMPROVEMENT both caused an upward shift in the Starling relationship, resulting in a large (36% and 26%) increase in stroke volume at LVPED = 20 mm Hg (8.0 ml, p<0.001). Moreover, there were a leftward shift in the end systolic pressure volume relationship, resulting in a 7% and 5% increase in LVPES at 110 mm Hg (7.7 ml, p<0.005). It showed that even 50% BZ IMPROVEMENT was sufficient to drive much of the calculated increase in function. D. Conclusions. Improved borderzone contractility has a beneficial effect on LV pump function. Partial improvement of borderzone contractility was sufficient to drive much of the calculated increase in function. Therapies specifically designed to improve borderzone contractility should be developed.
Learning Multi-Sensor Confidence using Difference of Opinions

Multiple sensors are being employed in different environments for performing various observation tasks and detecting events of interest occurring in the environment. However, all the sensors deployed in the environment do not have the same confidence level due to their differences in capabilities and imprecision in sensing. The confidence in a sensor represents the level of accuracy that it provides in accomplishing a task, which can be computed by comparing the current observation of the sensor through tedious physical investigation. Confidence computed in this manner is static and does not evolve over time. Moreover, performing physical investigation for checking the accuracy of the sensor observation is not feasible in a running system due to the overhead in incurs. Nevertheless, it is essential to know how the sensors are performing in a real-time scenario. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel method to dynamically compute the confidence in sensors by learning the differences of their individual opinions with respect to the particular detection task. Experimental results show the suitability of using the dynamically computed confidence as an alternative to the accuracy measures of the sensors.
Feasibility and safety of continuous retrograde administration of Del Nido cardioplegia: a case series.

Background Del Nido (DN) cardioplegia, a calcium-free, hyperkalemic solution containing lidocaine and magnesium has been developed to help reduce intracellular calcium influx and the resulting myocyte damage in the immediate postischemic period following cardiac arrest. DN cardioplegia has been used for pediatric cardiac surgery but its use in complex reoperative surgery has not been studied. We specifically report the outcomes of patients undergoing reoperative cardiac surgery after previous coronary artery bypass grafting with a patent internal mammary artery (IMA).
Mathematics and Education: Collaboration in Practice

This chapter describes the work of a longstanding collaboration between a research mathematician and a practicing teacher and education researcher. In addition to showcasing specific aspects of the joint work, and the ideas that have been produced, the chapter also examines the nature, challenges, and opportunities of this unusual cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Serotonin contracts the isolated rat pylorus via a 5-HT2-like receptor

Serotonin (5-HT) produced concentration-dependent contractions of the isolated rat pylorus in vitro. Serotonergic contractions were antagonized by the calcium L-channel blocker, diltiazem, but not by tetrodotoxin or atropine. Three drugs that block 5-HT2 receptors, ketanserin, xylamidine, and methysergide, unsurmountably inhibited contractions to 5-HT. In contrast, antagonists of 5-HT3, 5-HT1A/1B, beta-adrenergic, or alpha 1-adrenergic receptors did not alter the response to 5-HT. Devazepide, an antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) type-A receptors, blocked contraction produced by CCK-8 but not by 5-HT. Conversely, the 5-HT2 antagonists did not affect CCK-stimulated contraction. These results suggest that 5-HT contracts the pylorus by a 5-HT2-like receptor on muscle and that this response occurs independently of CCKergic receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, the parallel between the overall pharmacological profile for serotonergic contraction of the pylorus and that observed previously for the anorectic action of peripheral 5-HT makes the pylorus a logical candidate for peripheral serotonergic control of feeding.
On complex potentials in elasticity theory

In this paper a complex representation is found for the solution of the traction and displacement boundary value problems for the equations of bending of thin elastic plates established on the basis of Kirchhoff's kinematic assumption.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MEMS-BASED HEALTH-MONITORING MODULE FOR SPACE INFLATABLE STRUCTURES

Inflatable structures are expected to become increasingly important in space solar power and other space applications due to their low mass and low cost. Structures are susceptible to damage in orbit from effects such as radiation and small holes punctured by micrometeoroi ds. Health monitoring of the structures is important for knowing the condition of the structure and to provide early warning of impending failure. Traditional sensor packages can be bulky, expensive, and rigid, making them unsuitable for the flexible surfaces and contours of inflatable structures. We are currently developing a MEMS-based sensor module that is of low cost, low mass, and flexible. To achieve low cost, the sensor suite utilizes commercial-off-the-shelf sensors for monitoring physical quantities such as temperature, strain, pressure, and acceleration. The sensors are packaged together on a flexible polyimide substrate providing ample flexibility. The double-sided substrate consists of copper traces allowing backside leads and contacts. Through matching contacts on the surface of the inflatable structure, it will be possible to install the healthmonitoring module by simple attachment methods. Integration of sensors and actuators was investigated and initial assessments were made. -The incorporation of supporting electronics with flexible actuators will move the module toward autonomy and active control of the inflatable structure.
OPTIONAL TIME ANALYSIS OF OIL WELL OPERATION

Oil well always follows the production rate decreasing and the containing water increasing from the beginning of the development to the well closed not until it is no economic value. Especially, it is developed after the middle development term, the crude oil production rate was declined quickly and the contained water was raised quickly. The measurement of the increased production was necessary for the production decrement to be delayed and the contained water increment to be controlled, it will enhance the life of the oil well economy. The cost will gradually be increased when the oil well is production with the time lose. It will make the economic benefit maximum in the whole oil well life when the oil well benefit was equal to the cost by some measurements.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Human OC43

Human coronaviruses are important respiratory pathogens (1). These viruses have also been implicated in human neurological diseases (2, 3), and some reports have suggested an association with the demyelinating condition multiple sclerosis (4, 5, 6), although other studies cast doubt upon the role of coronaviruses in this disease (7, 8, 9, 10, 11). It has been shown that most human coronaviruses belong to one of two antigenic groups represented by isolates OC43 or 229E respectively (1, 12). The antigenic properties of these coronaviruses are thus of medical and virological interest.
Crisis, Religion and Turn-of-the-Century British and American Travel Writing on Spain

AbstractThis article focuses on the awareness of Spanish crisis and its relation to religion as found in under-examined British and American travel writings on Spain. The turn-of-the-century brought renewed interest in the country, this time less in her past and more in her conflict-ridden present, though the past, or at least a particular slant on the past, continued to inform the perspectives of British and American travel writers. The enduring presence of anti-Catholicism throughout the nineteenth century, still drawing on the image of Spain as a land of persecution and intolerance, found common ground in the later anti-religious, anticlerical strain of thought at the end of this period. Both the belief system of individual writers and the complicated, mutually persecutory dynamic between nineteenth-century Protestants and Catholics (often attached to anti-Protestantism), need to be examined. What these writers share, whether Protestant, Catholic or anticlericalists, is a sense of investment in a parti...
SU‐F‐J‐53: A 3D Printed Phantom for the Use of Daily Quality Assurance Alignment Tests

Purpose: To discuss experiences and results for a 3D printed QA phantom used for daily alignment purposes for a six degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) table Methods: A 3D model was created using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer using free online computer-aided design (CAD) software. The model has been under use for daily QA alignment tests for a 6DoF couch. An aligned and angled baseplate were also printed in order to introduce known angles for 6DoF corrections during image-guidance. Unique registration contours were created on the faces of the phantom in order to achieve a better cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) match using an auto-registration algorithm. A BB was also introduced at the center of the phantom in order to deliver an integrated daily Winston-Lutz (WL) test. Translational, rotational, and WL results were tabulated over one month. Results: The 'honeycomb’ structure of the print was apparent in the EPID images for the WL test, which affected the results of the analysis software. This was fixed by inserting a cube made of polyoxymethylene within the 3D phantom that encompass the BB. Auto-registration results for the three translational and three rotational from a known offset to the BB isocenter consistently fell within 1 mm and 0.2°, respectively. WL tests resulted in an average of 0.71 ± 0.14 mm. Conclusion: 3D printed models allow for accurate builds that can be customized to a variety of clinical needs. Results from translational, rotational, and WL show consistent results over a month's time. Given its relatively cheap and streamlined workflow, 3D printing could be implemented into any clinic looking to create customized phantoms.
Seismic system calibration: 2. Cross-spectral calibration using random binary signals

abstract We present a rapid and accurate method of calibrating seismic systems using a random binary calibration signal and cross-spectral techniques. The complex transfer function obtained from the cross spectrum is least-squares fit to the ratio of two polynomials in s(s = iω) whose degrees are determined by a linear systems analysis. This provides a compact representation of the system frequency response. We demonstrate its application to two seismic systems, the IDA and SRO seismomenters. This method yields calibrations to an accuracy of better than 1 per cent in amplitude and 1° in phase.
Ultralow-Distortion Power Amplifiers

In applications where a high degree of linearity and low noise are required from the transmitter, external error correction may be added to improve performance. This chapter describes feedforward techniques for low transmitter noise and distortion.
Mental health treatment preferences and challenges of living with multimorbidity from the veteran perspective

Objective To explore middle-aged and older veterans' current disease-management practices, mental health treatment preferences, and challenges of living with multiple chronic health conditions (i.e., multimorbidity). Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews and self-report measures were collected from 28 middle-aged and older (50 years of age or older) veterans with multimorbidity. Results Our sample of veterans with multimorbidity was, on average, mildly depressed and anxious with elevated stress and disability. Veterans acknowledged the interaction of physical and emotional symptoms, which caused greater difficulty with health care management and daily functioning. Veterans had many concerns regarding their physical and emotional health conditions, such as continued disease progression and the addition of other emotional and physical health complications. Veterans also identified specific self-care approaches for disease management (e.g., medication, healthy lifestyle practices, and psychological stress management techniques), as well as barriers to engaging in care (e.g., money, transportation, and stigma). Participants preferred a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and healthy lifestyle practices for mental health treatment. The majority of participants (88.5%) agreed that these mental health treatments would be beneficial to integrate into disease management for older veterans with multimorbidity. Lastly, veterans provided an array of recommendations for improving Veteran's Administration services and reducing mental health stigma. Conclusions These findings provide support for patient-centered approaches and integrated mental and physical health self-management in the Veteran's Administration for middle-aged and older veterans with multiple chronic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life‐history strategy and behavioral type: risk‐tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies

Despite the recent interest in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, there is a paucity of explanations for why distinct behavioral traits should evolve to correlate. We investigate whether such correlations across apparently distinct behavioral traits may be explained by variation in life history strategy among individual ant colonies. Life history theory predicts that the way in which individuals allocate energy towards somatic maintenance or reproduction drives several distinct traits in physiology, morphology, and energy use; it also predicts that an individual's willingness to engage in risky behaviors should depend on reproductive strategy. We use Temnothorax ants, which have been shown to exhibit ‘personalities’ and a syndrome that may reflect risk tolerance at the colony level. We measure colonies' relative investment in growth rate (new workers produced) compared to reproductive effort (males and queens produced). Comparing sterile worker production to reproductive alate production provides a direct measure of how colonies are investing their energy, analogous to investment in growth versus reproduction in a unitary organism. Consistently with this idea, we found that behavioral type of ant colonies was associated with their life history strategy: risk-tolerant colonies grew faster and invested more in reproduction, whereas risk-averse colonies had lower growth rate but invested relatively more in workers. This provides evidence that behavioral syndromes can be a consequence of life-history strategy variation, linking the two fields and supporting the use of an integrative approach.
Mapping the Histology of the Human Tympanic Membrane by Spatial Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

The tympanic membrane is one of the major structures of the ear that aids in the hearing process, giving humans one of the five major senses. It is hypothesized that sound induced displacements of the membrane, which allow humans to hear, are directly related to the membrane’s medial layer which is comprised of a network of collagen fibers. Limitations in available medical imaging techniques have thus far inhibited the further study of these fibers. In this paper we detail an imaging system that we developed with the capability to quantitatively and noninvasively image the internal structures of biological tissues in vitro through spatial domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). By utilizing spatial OCT, we can correlate the characteristics of internal collagen fibers to sound induced displacements in the tympanic membrane. This will eventually lead to improved modeling of the middle-ear and a better understanding of hearing mechanics.
Periodic Alternating Gaze and Cerebellar Dysgenesis

Two children with periodic alternating gaze deviation, presenting at birth in 1 patient and at 2 months in the other, are reported from the New England Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
Reliability, Throughput and Latency Analysis of an Aerial Network

An aerial network is a self-organized network formed by aircraft systems deployed for a mission-specific purpose. Aerial networks are characterized by dynamic topologies and frequent network connections and disconnections primarily due to the fast moving nature of the aircraft systems. This paper considers an abstract paradigm for an aerial network, modeling it as a dynamic graph, and analyzes its reliability, throughput and latency characteristics. It defines metrics to measure the performance of an aerial network in terms of reliability, throughput, and latency. The analysis is intended to provide insights into the performance characteristics of an aerial network as a function of topology and mobility. The insights derived from this analysis are expected to lead to strategies for improving the network performance in real-world applications. This analysis also provides a set of building blocks which would lead to a general framework for identifying reliable and critical paths in a network (Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.).
Work Roles, Domestic Roles, and Marital Quality: Perceptions of Fairness Among Dual-Earner Couples

Previous studies on the role of spouses' perceptions of fairness within marriage have typically dealt with the effects of those within the realm of the division of household labor. Using data from the 1993 National Survey of Families and Households, this study posits that the predominance of dual-earner couples necessitates the consideration of perceptions of fairness in both spouses' paid labor and domestic roles. Issues of fairness are shown to significantly affect husbands' and wives' evaluations of marital quality, yet these effects are limited to a noncomparative form (e.g., wives' evaluations of marital quality are not substantially affected by husbands' perceptions of unfairness). Implications of these findings for contemporary couples are discussed.
MicroCT analysis of vascular morphometry: a comparison of right lung lobes in the SUGEN/hypoxic rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by significant vascular remodeling within the lung. Clinical computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely used to aid in PAH di...
The Relative Potential of Self-Concept and Intelligence as Predictors of Achievement

The feasibility of using self-concept measures along with intelligence measures to improve the prediction of achievement was explored. Two self-concept tests, an intelligence test, and an achieveme...
A Low-Temperature Aqueous Thermodynamic Model for the Na–K–Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 System Incorporating New Experimental Heat Capacities in Na2SO4, K2SO4, and MgSO4 Solutions

We have developed a Pitzer model in the Na–K–Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 system valid from 298.15 to <200 K up to saturated salt concentrations, which builds upon our previous low temperature model in the Na–K–Ca–Mg–Cl system. This model includes new experimental heat capacities in Na2SO4, K2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions measured using differential scanning calorimetry, as well as comprehensive heat capacities of crystalline phases, enthalpies of solution, activity coefficients, and solubilities from literature sources. The model improves over previous sulfate models because it accurately represents the thermodynamic properties of MgSO4 and its mixtures and more accurately represents gypsum and anhydrite equilibria in mixed salt solutions, in addition to accurate representations of many other salt systems. The model also includes temperature-dependent parameters for a number of new phases, such as variably hydrated Mg-sulfates, Na-sulfates, and polyhalite. This model is applicable to Cl–SO4-rich brines on Earth that typically...
HISAT-genotype: Next Generation Genomic Analysis Platform on a Personal Computer

Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have dramatically changed our ability to perform genome-scale analyses of human genomes. The human reference genome used for most genomic analyses represents only a small number of individuals, limiting its usefulness for genotyping. We designed a novel method, HISAT-genotype, for representing and searching an expanded model of the human reference genome, in which a comprehensive catalogue of known genomic variants and haplotypes is incorporated into the data structure used for searching and alignment. This strategy for representing a population of genomes, along with a very fast and memory-efficient search algorithm, enables more detailed and accurate variant analyses than previous methods. We demonstrate the accuracy of HISAT-genotype for HLA typing, a critical task in human organ transplantation, and for the DNA fingerprinting tests widely used in forensics. In both applications, HISAT-genotype not only improves upon earlier computational methods, but matches or exceeds the accuracy of laboratory-based assays.
A Dual to Lyapunov's Second Method for Linear Systems With Multiple Delays and Implementation Using SOS

We present a dual form of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional which allows the problem of controller synthesis for multidelay systems to be formulated and solved in a convex manner. First, we give a generalized version of the dual stability condition formulated in terms of Lyapunov operators which are positive, self-adjoint, and preserve the structure of the state space. Second, we provide a class of such operators and express the stability conditions as positivity and negativity of quadratic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional forms. Next, we adapt the Sum of Squares (SOS) methodology to express positivity and negativity of these forms as Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), describing a new set of polynomial manipulation tools designed for this purpose. We apply the resulting LMIs to a battery of numerical examples and demonstrate that the stability conditions are not significantly conservative. Finally, we formulate a test for controller synthesis for systems with multiple delays, apply the test to a numerical example, and simulate the resulting closed-loop system.
Living Indefinitely and Living Fully: Laudato Si’ and the Value of the Present in Christian, Stoic, and Transhumanist Temporalities:

Transhumanism promises to overcome human finitude by indefinitely extending human life, enabling a vast increase in valuable experiences. Yet transhumanism depends on social processes of what Pope ...