cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grapefruit juice-drug interactions: Grapefruit juice and its components inhibit P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) mediated transport of talinolol in Caco-2 cells

To investigate the potential interaction between selected ingredients of grapefruit juice and, the transport of talinolol, a P-gp substrate, across Caco-2 cells monolayers was determined in the absence and presence of distinct concentrations of grapefruit juice, bergamottin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, 6',7'-epoxybergamottin, naringin, and naringenin. Talinolol permeability was selectively inhibited by grapefruit juice and its components. The furano coumarin, 6',7'-epoxybergamottin, was the most potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 0.7 microM), followed by 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (IC(50) = 34 microM) and bergamottin that did not show any inhibition at concentrations up to 10 microM. The flavonoid aglycone naringenin was around 10-fold more potent than its glycoside naringin with IC(50) values of 236 and 2409 microM, respectively. The flavonoids and furanocoumarins tested in this study are in the same range of concentration they are present in the juice contributing, therefore, for the overall inhibitory effect of GFJ on P-gp activity. The in vitro data suggest that compounds present in grapefruit juice are able to inhibit the P-gp activity modifying the disposition of drugs that are P-gp substrates such as talinolol.
Extracting Thermal Data from High Power MCM Packages

An experimental method was presented for characterizing the thermal performance of multi-chip modules (MCMs) using different size heat sinks. A flip chip package, having a total of five active components, was tested at various power level combinations using a flow bench test facility to supply air flow at a controlled velocity. A linear superposition model, developed for each sink, accurately predicted junction temperatures for a range of power combinations and flow velocities. For the specific package and range of power conditions tested, a more general empirically based model predicted junction temperatures as a function of heat sink size, flow velocity and power level combinations.
Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-imines by solid acid/superacid catalyzed microwave assisted approach

A new solid acid/superacid catalyzed microwave assisted synthesis of trifluoromethyl-imines is described. Various α,α,α-trifluoromethylketones react readily with primary amines to produce the corresponding imines. Two different strategies have been employed; one is the application of microwave irradiation coupled with solvent-free solid acid catalysis. The other method, for highly deactivated substrates includes the use of a pressure vessel at 175 °C temperature, with solid superacid catalysis. Using the solid acid K-10 montmorillonite or the superacidic perfluorinated resinsulfonic acid Nafion-H, a wide variety of trifluoromethylated imines have been synthesized using the above methods. The products have been isolated in good to excellent yields and high selectivities. This new environmentally friendly synthetic methodology provides significantly higher yields than traditional methods during relatively short reaction times for the preparation of the target compounds.
Building Ethical Leaders: A Way to Integrate and Assess Ethics Education

The Building Ethical Leaders using an Integrated Ethics Framework (BELIEF) Program was introduced in 2006 at the Northern Illinois University College of Business. The Program was developed to support two learning objectives: (1) increase students’ awareness of ethical issues and (2) strengthen their decision-making abilities regarding these ethical issues. This article provides an overview of the development and integration of this Program. We also provide assessment data on our two learning objectives. The assessment measures improvement from 2005, before the implementation of the program, to all of the post-year measures. Thus, the BELIEF Program appears to enhance our students’ ability to recognize issues and identify appropriate decision alternatives. We hope that the description of the components of BELIEF will aid other schools as they integrate ethics into their curriculum.
Cost-utility analysis in spine care: a systematic review

Abstract Background context Despite the importance of the information provided by cost-utility analyses (CUAs), there has been a lack of these types of studies performed in the area of spinal care. Purpose To systematically review cost-utility studies published on spinal care between 1976 and 2010. Study design Systematic review. Methods All CUAs pertaining to spinal care published between 1976 and 2010 were identified using the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) registry database (Tufts Medical Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy) and National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED). The keywords used to search both the registry databases were the following: spine, spinal, neck, back, cervical, lumbar, thoracic, and scoliosis. Search of the CEA registry provided a total of 28 articles, and the NHS EED yielded an additional 5, all of which were included in this review. Each article was reviewed for the study subject, methodology, and results. Data contained within the databases for each of the 33 articles were recorded, and the manuscripts were reviewed to provide insight into the funding source, analysis perspective, discount rate, and cost-utility ratios. Results There was wide variation among the 33 studies in methodology. There were 17 operative, 13 nonoperative, and 3 imaging studies. Study subjects included lumbar spine (n=27), cervical spine (n=4), scoliosis (n=1), and lumbar and cervical spine (n=1). Twenty-three of the studies were based on the clinical data from prospective randomized studies, 7 on decision models, 2 on prospective observational data, and 1 on a retrospective case series. Sixty cost-utility ratios were reported in the 33 articles. Of the ratios, 19 of 60 (31.6%) were cost saving, 27 of 60 (45%) were less than $100,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain, and 14 of 60 (23.3%) were greater than $100,000/QALY gain. Only four of 33 (12%) studies contained the four key criteria of cost-effectiveness research recommended by the US Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Conclusions Thirty-three CUA studies and 60 cost-utility ratios have been published on various aspects of spinal care over the last 30 years. Certain aspects of spinal care have been shown to be cost effective. Further efforts, however, are needed to better define the value of many aspects of spinal care. Future CUA studies should consider societal cost perspective and carefully consider the durability of clinical benefit in determining a study time horizon.
Breast Cancer Stem Cells: We've Got Them Surrounded

Breast cancer stem cells are regulated by cell intrinsic pathways as well as by elements in the tumor microenvironment. New evidence suggests that an important interaction between the interleukin (IL)-8 receptor CXCR1/2 and HER2 is involved in this regulation. Simultaneous targeting of these pathways provides a novel therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 511–3. ©2012 AACR . See related article by Singh et al., [p. 643][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/19/643?iss=3
Characterization and performance of the Allegro™ STR 1000 single-use stirred tank bioreactor system

Background Currently, stirred tank reactors (STR) represent the gold standard for the large scale growth of suspension cell lines. Culture performance is strongly influenced by the efficiency of mixing, as measured by the mass transfer coefficient and mixing time. The success of traditional stainless steel or glass STR systems lies in their impeller driven agitation that efficiently mixes large volumes of culture fluid. However, the transition from stainless and glass STR vessels to single use STR systems still remains a challenge, particularly in terms of replicating efficient mixing. Many single use STRs use magnetically coupled driving mechanism to eliminate the risks of biocontainer leaks from rotating mechanical seals. While this design mitigates the risks of compromising sterility, insufficient magnet strength limits the power that can be transmitted to the culture fluid, and often results in poor mixing and mass transfer performance.
Ouabain Enhances ADPKD Cell Apoptosis via the Intrinsic Pathway

Progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is highly influenced by factors circulating in blood. We have shown that the hormone ouabain enhances several characteristics of the ADPKD cystic phenotype, including the rate of cell proliferation, fluid secretion and the capacity of the cells to form cysts. In this work, we found that physiological levels of ouabain (3 nM) also promote programmed cell death of renal epithelial cells obtained from kidney cysts of patients with ADPKD (ADPKD cells). This was determined by Alexa Fluor 488 labeled-Annexin-V staining and TUNEL assay, both biochemical markers of apoptosis. Ouabain-induced apoptosis also takes place when ADPKD cell growth is blocked; suggesting that the effect is not secondary to the stimulatory actions of ouabain on cell proliferation. Ouabain alters the expression of BCL family of proteins, reducing BCL-2 and increasing BAX expression levels, anti- and pro-apoptotic mediators respectively. In addition, ouabain caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Moreover, ouabain activates caspase-3, a key "executioner" caspase in the cell apoptotic pathway, but did not affect caspase-8. This suggests that ouabain triggers ADPKD cell apoptosis by stimulating the intrinsic, but not the extrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. The apoptotic effects of ouabain are specific for ADPKD cells and do not occur in normal human kidney cells (NHK cells). Taken together with our previous observations, these results show that ouabain causes an imbalance in cell growth/death, to favor growth of the cystic cells. This event, characteristic of ADPKD, further suggests the importance of ouabain as a circulating factor that promotes ADPKD progression.
Aerodynamic Evaluation of the NASA Microgravity Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

To reduce the cost associated with current microgravity testing methods, NASA recently proposed using a more cost effective flight platform capable of conducting microgravity testing on small equipment. NASA’s proposed platform is the commercially-available Troybuilt “DV8R” remote-controlled jet aircraft. This wind tunnel research effort defined the baseline aerodynamic and stability characteristics for this previously uncharacterized vehicle. In addition, the control power and cross-control derivatives were defined along with the maneuverability envelope which identified the load factor limitations of the aircraft based on weight and center of gravity parameters. A 1⁄4 scale wind tunnel model was used for the evaluation at Mach numbers from 0.2 to 0.35 in the USAFA Subsonic Wind Tunnel. The results of this effort provided the inputs to define the aerodynamic characteristics needed for a 6 Degree of Freedom simulation. The maneuverability envelope should be a cornerstone for development of feasible parabolic flight trajectories for the microgravity mission. At angles of attack above approximately 10 , initial stall characteristics were observed along with a significant decrease in Lift-over-Drag and a significant drop off in elevator, aileron, and rudder control power derivative magnitude. Thus, a concern was identified for operation of the aircraft above 10 angle of attack and a recommendation was made to limit operation of the aircraft to angles of attack below 10 . The maneuverability envelope indicated that the aircraft should be capable of flying the parabolic arc associated with the microgravity mission, with a maximum load factor capability ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 G’s based on loading conditions. Additionally, a supplemental investigation was performed on a canard attachment to determine if addition of a canard could enable the DV8R to achieve higher load factors at high-weight, forward-CG loading conditions. To complement the aerodynamic definition of the aircraft accomplished in this effort, it was recommended that the structural loading limits of the aircraft be defined and used to adjust the maneuverability envelope. Overall, this effort provided the first aerodynamic baseline for the NASA DV8R Microgravity Research Vehicle.
The establishment and application of Chinese Clearinghouse for Evidence Translation in Child & Aging Health

Objective To describe the development of the Chinese Clearinghouse for Evidence Translation in Child Aging Health(CCET) and its aims and working methods.Methods Child welfare and aging health advisory committees were established.Using a scientific assessment tool,committee members appraised and selected related interventions from home and abroad and they were translated by our team.Working with Lanzhou Boyang Software Engineering Inc.,the structure and interface of CCET website were planed and designed based on its content and intended function.Feasible interventions and other information(e.g.basic information of diseases,assessment scale,reporting standards etc.) were uploaded and displayed on the website to establish CCET and were disseminated through media like WeChat.Results CCET currently consists of six modules;child health,elderly health,assessment scale,reporting standards,dissemination and implementation methods,and the Evidence-based Database for Aging Depression.Child and elderly health programs listed in the CCET have high quality and adaptability.They were selected and appraised by experts from China and the United States using scientific assessment scales.And now,some relative research institutions and communities intent to join CCET's research and implement translated program.Conclusion CCET devotes to evidence-based method training,establishing the appraising system for the scientificity and adaptability of health intervention,program training,service agency capability promotion and developing comprehensive intervention programs.With sufficient information and a user-friendly homepage,CCET provides support to improve evidence-informed decision making in child and elderly care.
Finding and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hanzhong,Shaanxi,2008-2013

Objective To analyze the finding and outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis( TB) patients in Hanzhong,Shaanxi province from 2008 to 2013 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of TB. Methods The information of active pulmonary TB patients in Hanzhong from 2008 to 2013,including registration time,current address,occupation,age,gender,sputum negative conversion,treatment outcomes,were collected and analyzed with software SPSS 13. 0. Results A total of 58 271 suspected cases of tuberculosis were registered during this period,in which 15 503 were active pulmonary TB cases. The average annual registration rate was 74. 30 /lakh,showing a declining trend. No seasonality was observed,but more cases were registered in March and September( χ2= 201. 489,P 0. 05). Most cases were farmers,accounting for 77. 95%(12 084 /15 503). The male to female ratio of the cases was 2. 41∶ 1,and the incidence in age grou P 65 years was highest(χ2= 632. 551,P 0. 05). In new smear positive cases and retreated smear positive cases,the sputum negative conversion rates at the end of 2ndmonths and 3rdmonths were all above 95% and the average cure rates were 89. 99% and 85. 09% respectively. Conclusion The case-finding of pulmonary tuberculosis was improved in Hanzhong during the past 4 years. It is necessary to further strengthen the TB surveillance and control in farmers and old people to reduce retreated TB cases and prevent multi drug resistant TB.
Metabolism of trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene occurs primarily by arylhydroxylation rather than formation of a diol epoxide.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) 7,8-dihydrodiol is metabolized by the rat liver monooxygenase system to diastereomeric benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxides that are highly reactive, toxic, and mutagenic. One of the isomers of these diol epoxides is highly carcinogenic to newborn mice. Oxidative metabolism of (-)-benzo[a]pyrene 9,10-dihydrodiol has been investigated to see whether 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides are formed in analogy to the metabolism of BP 7,8-dihydrodiol, and mutagenic activities of synthetic BP 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides have been evaluated. Unlike BP 7,8-dihydrodiol, the (-)-9,10-dihydrodiol is metabolized primarily to a phenolic derivative rather than a diol epoxide. Chemical and spectral studies established that the phenolic hydroxyl group had been introduced at either position 1 or 3 of the 9,10-dihydrodiol. Weak inherent mutagenic activity of the synthetic 9,10-diol 7,8-epoxides and the very low degree of their metabolic formation explains why metabolic activation of BP 9,10-dihydrodiol in the presence of Salmonella typhimurium results in a weak mutagenic response compared with studies with the 7,8-dihydrodiol as substrate. Chronic application of 0.15 µmole of BP 9,10-dihydrodiol to the backs of C57BL/6J mice once every 2 weeks for 60 weeks failed to produce tumors, whereas the same treatment with BP resulted in a 97% incidence of tumors.
The frozen rhetoric of AIDS denialism and the flourishing claims of a cure: A Comparative analysis of Thabo Mbeki and Yahya Jammeh’s rhetoric

ABSTRACTThis article compares and contrasts the frozen rhetoric of Thabo Mbeki’s Aids denialism and Yahya Jammeh’s flourishing claims of a cure for HIV/Aids. While Jammeh invoked Allah as the source of his herbal therapy, Mbeki employed what scientists referred to as pseudoscience to justify his claim. In the final analysis, whereas Mbeki’s denialist rhetoric froze in South Africa, Jammeh’s cure rhetoric continues to flourish in the Gambia. First, the rhetorical situation in both countries is appraised. Next, antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and alternative therapies, which are at the center of the polemics, are placed in dialogue before the dynamic subject is located at the critical junctures of space, power and the dominant truth games, where the subject shapes the same truth games that shape the subject. Accordingly, the outcomes of the ARVs debate in South Africa and the Gambia flowed from the interactions of space, power and the prevailing truth games in relation to the subject.
Abstract P5-05-04: Vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxylation in breast cancer

The secreted protein periostin (PN) is strongly linked to breast cancer aggressiveness and serum PN is a promising marker of disease activity. However, the regulation and function of PN in relation to the cancer phenotype has yet to be clearly defined. PN is one of the rare proteins ( Citation Format: Welsh J, Beaudin S, Tenniswood M. Vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxylation in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-04.
MAHI: An Airborne Mid-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Industrial Emissions Monitoring

An airborne hyperspectral imager operating in the midwave-infrared spectral range is described. The Mid-infrared Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (MAHI) features 3.3-nm spectral sampling over its 3.3– $5.4~\mu \text{m}$ wavelength range. MAHI operates in a roll-stabilized pushbroom configuration with 480 cross-track pixels, each with an instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV) of 0.94 mrad, to provide for a total FOV of 25.8°. The sensor spectroradiometric performance is illustrated by case studies featuring the detection, identification, and quantification of a number of fugitive gaseous emissions from industrial sources.
Security in cloud computing based cognitive radio networks (Conference Presentation)

Cloud computing based cognitive radio networks (CCCRN) is an eye-catching research area in recent years to improve the spectrum sensing and spectrum management. Cognitive radio networks (CRN) are capable of adaptive learning and reconfiguration to provide consistent communications in dynamic environments. The adoption and learning in CRN demand fast process of big data. The performance and security in CRN do not meet such requirements due to its low computational power capabilities, particularly in low computational power devices. The advent of cloud capabilities mitigate these constraints. Due to this reason, we suggest the steganography with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptography technique to protect the cloud data. We identify the critical issues and challenges to implementing CCCRN and provide possible solutions. Even though, both techniques have the same objective, the cloud data in cognitive radio network requires a combination to keep the hackers away from the classified and unclassified data. Integration of cloud computing and cognitive radio increases the performance with added security threats of cloud computing. If the integration overcome these security threats, CCCRN will replace traditional methods of radio operation. The proposed security model incorporated in CCCRN can help the primary user emulation and many other jamming problems. Integrating cognitive radio in cloud arrives secure problems along with real-time processing and energy supply problems. Cloud integration provides resource pooling with additional antennas to meet the real-time performance. Therefore, the cloud is one of the solutions that is facing by CRN. We discuss these problems in the current research paper.
Inflammation and glucose homeostasis are associated with specific structural features among adults without knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Greater age and body mass index are strong risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Older and overweight individuals may be more susceptible to OA because these factors alter tissue turnover in menisci, articular cartilage, and bone via altered glucose homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding the role of inflammation and glucose homeostasis on structural features of early-stage OA may help identify therapeutic targets to delay or prevent the onset of OA among subsets of adults with these features. We examined if serum concentrations of glucose homeostasis (glucose, glycated serum protein [GSP]) or inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) were associated with prevalent knee bone marrow lesions (BMLs) or effusion among adults without knee OA. We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. We selected participants who had no radiographic knee OA but were at high risk for knee OA. Blinded staff conducted assays for CRP, GSP, and glucose. Readers segmented BML volume and effusion using semi-automated programs. Our outcomes were prevalent BML (knee with a BML volume > 1 cm3) and effusion (knee with an effusion volume > 7.5 cm3). We used logistic regression models with CRP, GSP, or glucose concentrations as the predictors. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) scores. We included 343 participants: mean age = 59 ± 9 years, BMI = 27.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2, PASE score = 171 ± 82, and 64% female. Only CRP was associated with BML prevalence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09 to 1.87). For effusion, we found an interaction between BMI and CRP: only among adults with a BMI <25 kg/m2 was there a significant trend towards a positive association between CRP and effusion (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.97). We detected a U-shaped relationship between GSP and effusion prevalence. Fasting glucose levels were not significantly associated with the presence of baseline effusion or BML. Among individuals without knee OA, CRP may be related to the presence of BMLs and effusion among normal weight individuals. Abnormal GSP may be associated with effusion. Future studies should explore whether inflammation and glucose homeostasis are predictive of symptomatic knee OA.
Rejuvenating Shadows: Fault Tolerance with Forward Recovery

In today's large-scale High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, an increasing portion of the computing capacity is wasted due to failures and recoveries. It is expected that exascale machines will decrease the mean time between failures to a few hours, making fault tolerance a major challenge. This work explores novel methodologies to fault tolerance that achieve forward recovery, power-awareness, and scalability. The proposed model, referred to as Rejuvenating Shadows, is able to deal with multiple types of failure and maintain consistent level of resilience. An implementation is provided for MPI, and empirically evaluated with various benchmark applications that represent a wide range of HPC workloads. The results demonstrate Rejuvenating Shadows' ability to tolerate high failure rates, and to outperform in-memory checkpointing/restart in both execution time and resource utilization.
Orbital magnetic quadrupole moment and nonlinear anomalous thermoelectric transport

We present a microscopic theory of the orbital magnetic quadrupole moment density ${\mathcal{Q}}_{ij}$ in periodic crystals with combined time-reversal ($\mathbf{T}$) and inversion ($\mathbf{I}$) symmetry. We obtain a gauge-invariant expression with a clear physical interpretation and demonstrate the typical behavior of ${\mathcal{Q}}_{ij}$ in a minimal two-band model that hosts a tilted Dirac cone. We then show that ${\mathcal{Q}}_{ij}$ leads to an intrinsic nonlinear anomalous thermoelectric current. As an example, we calculate the nonlinear Nernst and Hall current in the loop-current model for cuprate superconductors, and demonstrate their unique behavior and capability of indicating $\mathbf{TI}$ invariance.
Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Provocative Clothing Advertisements

Today's apparel market is characterized by fierce competition and consumers are exposed to a multitude of advertising stimuli each day. Some apparel companies develop provocative advertising campaigns as a way to gain public attention. Provocative images pervade every facet of mass communications and it is such a common component in advertising that often its existence goes without saying (Heller, 2000). Sexual imagery is an effective way of attracting the attention of consumers (Vezina & Paul, 1997) and implementing sexual appeals leads to better memory, attitudes, and purchase intentions (Putrevu, 2008).
BiBAC Modification and Stable Transfer into Maize (Zea mays) Hi-II Immature Embryos via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation.

Binary Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BiBAC) are large insert cloning vectors that contain the necessary features required for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. However, the large size of BiBACs and low-copy number in Escherichia coli (DH10B) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens make cloning experiments more difficult than other available binary vector systems. Therefore, a protocol that outlines preparation, modification, and transformation of high-molecular weight (HMW) constructs is advantageous for researchers looking to use BiBACs in plant genomics research. This unit does not cover the cloning of HMW DNA into BiBAC vectors. Researchers looking to clone HMW DNA into BiBACs can refer to Zhang et al. (2012; doi: 10.1038/nprot.2011.456). © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Testing for Aggregation Bias in Efficiency Measurement

It is common practice to aggregate inputs prior to estimating the structure of production technology. It is of interest, therefore to have some idea of the impact of such aggregation on the resulting inferences concerning the structure of production technology. This information is of interest in its own right, and has been the subject of considerable research. However a knowledge of the effect of input aggregation on inferences concerning the structure of technology is valuable for another reason: since productive efficiency is measured relative to an estimated technology, input aggregation also influences one’s inferences concerning the structure of productive efficiency.
Dirichlet Solutions of Fourth Order Differential Equations

The equation y (4) - (p 1 y′)′ + p 0 y = 0 has exactly two linearly independent solutions on [0,∞) with finite Dirichlet integral. Some applications to the determination of the domains of self - adjoint operators associated with the differential expression and to the minimization of a quadratic functional are discussed.
Morphologic Changes Induced by the Oncologic Treatment for Breast Carcinoma (Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Hormonal Therapy)

Neoadjuvant treatment has become a standard of care for selected high-risk breast cancers including tumors ≥2 cm and for locally advanced unresectable disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) offers many advantages, including reducing the tumor size and potentially making patients candidates for breast conservation therapy (BCT), as well as allowing early assessment of response to chemotherapy treatment [1–3]. The main advantage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is in shrinking tumors, which makes inoperable tumors amenable to surgery and allows better outcomes for patients [4–7]. NAC also provides information on tumor response to specific chemotherapeutic agents, and it provides data for investigating molecular determinants of chemotherapeutic response [8–10]. Pathologic complete response (pCR) provides an early surrogate marker of long-term survival, marking a benefit from chemotherapeutic treatment [4–7]. pCR is noted in only 10–20% of patients who were subjected to NAC [11]. There are several predictors of response to preoperative chemotherapy, including both clinical and pathologic variables such as estrogen-receptor negative (ER-) status, high-grade tumor, high proliferative activity, HER2 amplification, negative lymph node status, and smaller tumor size, among others [1, 4, 7, 12–16]. Histologic subtype also determines the response of the tumor to NAC; for example, lobular cancers do not respond well to NAC as compared to ductal cancers [2, 5, 8, 16, 17].
Skeletal disease in a father and daughter with a novel monoallelic WNT1 mutation.

Abstract Context Most heritable causes of low bone mass in children occur due to mutations affecting type 1 collagen. We describe two related patients with low bone mass and fracture without mutations in the type 1 collagen genes. Case description We describe the index case of a 10-year-old girl with low-impact fractures in childhood and her 59-year-old father with traumatic fractures in adulthood, both with low bone mineral density. They were found to have the same heterozygous missense mutation in the WNT1 gene (p.Gly222Arg), occurring in a highly conserved WNT motif in close proximity to the Frizzled binding site. Conclusions The WNT-ligand WNT1, signaling through the canonical WNT-β­catenin pathway, plays a critical role in skeletal development, adult skeletal homeostasis, and bone remodeling. Biallelic mutations have been described and are associated with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta, in some cases with extra-skeletal manifestations. Patients with monoallelic mutations, as in our case, seem to present with low bone mineral density and less severe disease. The phenotypic difference between biallelic and monoallelic mutations highlights that the aberrant protein in monoallelic mutations may exert a dominant negative effect on the wild type protein as heterozygous carriers in families with biallelic disease are usually asymptomatic. With better understanding of disorders associated with WNT1 mutations, therapies targeting this signaling pathway may offer therapeutic benefit.
One-Step High-Throughput Blade Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells

A metal halide perovskite (MHP) solution was developed that is compatible with high speed (1 m min-1) one-step blade coating.MHP solar cells from the developed solution can produce power conversion efficiency over 18% in ambient environment without any addition of antisolvent, gas drying, vacuum treatment or high-temperature annealing. Careful control of the annealing temperature allows fabricating of a more stable MHP due to the increased crystallinity of the MHP film. This development on one-step, antisolvent (or similar processing) treatment free, blade coating technique paves the way for the rollto- roll production of high-efficiency MHP solar cells.
"Winners" and "Losers": The Effects of Being Allowed or Denied Entry into Competitive Extracurricular Activities

A number of high school extracurricular activities are competitive and selective, requiring aspiring students to apply and audition for membership. The process of trying out for two such teams, che...
Optimization of Liquid Cooling Microchannel in 3D IC using Complete Converging and Diverging Channel Models

In spite of the various aspects of thermal-aware designs in 3D IC, the thermal barrier is yet to overcome to enable the technology. As liquid cooling microchannel is highly effective means in thermal management, it has been rising as a promising technique to integrate into 3D IC. To attain the feasibility, it is crucial to design low-power and highly-efficient microchannel in compact chip packaging. In this work, we derive complete closed-form correlations which accurately model converging, diverging and uniform microchannels. We use microchannel designs of width 10–600 µm, tapering angle of −11-20° with Reynolds number of 39–99, inlet volumetric flow rate of 10−8m3/s and heat flux of 100W/cm2 for the derivation. Then, we optimize the microchannel design to maximize the thermal performance while constraining pumping power and channel widths. Optimization is based on our derived correlations for heat transfer and pressure drop and the resulting microchannel designs are validated with numerical simulations. Temperature maps of the optimized channels from numerical simulation demonstrate accurate estimation of overall thermal resistance and proves the reliability of the optimization.
Prospective associations between trauma, placement disruption, and ethnic-racial identity among newly emancipated foster youth

Abstract Introduction Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) is an important developmental process for ethnic-racial minority youth. However, little is known about how adverse life experiences may be related to ERI development. Thus, the current study evaluated prospective associations of emancipated foster youth's histories of childhood maltreatment and foster placement disruption with ERI centrality and ERI private regard, as well as the adaptive implications of ERI. Method Participants were 144 emancipated foster youth (69.4% female) from ethnic-racial minority backgrounds (27.8% Black, 32.6% Latinx, 39.6% multiracial) who participated in a longitudinal study of youth's adaptation to aging out of the US child welfare system. Youth reported on their childhood maltreatment severity and child welfare placement history at wave 1 (Mage_w1 = 19.62, SD = 1.11), and on their ERI centrality, ERI private regard, and socioemotional adjustment (i.e., social support, self-esteem, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction) five years later (Mage_w2 = 24.15). Results Path analyses revealed that childhood maltreatment severity and placement disruption were associated with lower ERI private regard, but not ERI centrality. Moreover, private regard was associated with better socioemotional adjustment (i.e., higher levels of self-esteem and social support), whereas centrality was related to poorer adjustment (i.e., lower levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction, and higher rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms), and these relations varied by ethnicity-race. Conclusions The current findings suggest that efforts to promote positive feelings toward one's ethnic-racial group membership can support ethnic-racial minority foster youth's capacity to negotiate developmental challenges in and beyond the child welfare system.
Systematic Approach to Selecting and Preparing a Medical Power of Attorney in the Gynecologic Oncology Center

PURPOSE:Advance care planning (ACP) supports national priorities of patient engagement, person-centered care, and safety. A systematic approach is uncommon in most care settings. Our institution of...
Metastatic Klebsiella pneumoniae Invasive Liver Abscess Syndrome in Denver, Colorado.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae has gained recognition for its association with invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS). ILAS is associated with a hypervirulent strain of K pneumoniae and can impa...
Angiogenic Factor Abnormalities and Risk of Peripartum Complications and Prematurity Among Urban Predominantly Obese Parturients With Chronic Hypertension

Abstract Objective To compare characteristics and outcomes of women with chronic hypertension (cHTN) between those with normal and abnormal plasma angiogenic profiles. Study design This secondary analysis explored associations between angiogenic markers soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) drawn prior to delivery among women with history of cHTN who were enrolled between 22 and 41 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups based on sFlt1/PlGF ratio, namely low sFlt1/PlGF ( Results Of the 115 patients, 76% were African American. Compared to women with low sFlt1/PlGF (n = 78), patients with high sFlt1/PlGF (n = 37) had higher median antenatal blood pressures (systolic mmHg 179 vs 155; diastolic 106 vs 91), lower gestational age at delivery (34.7 vs 38.2 weeks), lower birthweight (1940 vs 3103 g), and a higher prevalence of preterm delivery Discussion In contrast to patients with a low ratio, high sFlt1/PlGF is characterized by an increased risk of maternal adverse outcomes and prematurity. Incorporation of angiogenic biomarkers while managing cHTN may improve accuracy of early identification of adverse outcomes to improve outcomes.
Screen time in 36-month-olds at increased likelihood for ASD and ADHD

We examined the relationship between video-based media viewing (screen time), behavioral outcomes, and language development in 120 36-month-old children with a family history of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or no family history of either condition. Participants were classified into one of three diagnostic groups: ASD (n = 20), ADHD Concerns (children with elevated ADHD symptoms; n = 14), or Comparison (n = 86). Children in the ADHD Concerns group spent more time viewing screen media than Comparison children. Increased screen time was associated with lower receptive and expressive language scores across groups. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the direction of effects and causality.
Probing coupled motions of peptides in solution with fluorescence anisotropy and molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Here we present an atomically detailed study of local and global motions in two peptide systems, N-acetyl-tryptophanamide (NATA) and a pentapeptide WA3K (WK5) combining detailed spectroscopic measurements and comprehensive computer simulations. We have measured fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence anisotropy decay (FAD), far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra as a function of temperature, and carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with an improved water model (TIP4P/EW). Fluorescence lifetime analysis showed the presence of a heterogeneous population of conformations in both peptides and a quenched fluorescence in WK5. Far-UV CD measurements quantified structural populations in both peptides specifying alpha-helix and sheet for NATA and 310 helix and polyproline II for WK5 and their variation with temperature. FAD showed a bi-exponentiality in the reorientation dynamics, indicating the presence coupled motions in solution. The faster time constants, 6 ps for NATA, and 26 ps for WK5 are nearly temperature-independent and the slower components, 60 ps for NATA and 246 ps for WK5 at room temperature, vary with temperature. These faster and slower time constants are likely associated with the initiation and propagation steps of the reorientation dynamics. Results from MD simulation are in good agreement with the measured reorientation time and structural conformations. MD analysis showed that the measured faster time constants may be ascribed to delocalized molecular vibrations. Kinetic analysis found motions in the 1 ns in NATA and 10 ns in WK5. Both peptides exhibited markedly slower internal fluctuations compared to freely moving systems in the absence of overall translations and rotations, indicating a significant coupling between local and global dynamics. This study, focusing on simple model systems, has generated new insights into the dynamic behavior of peptides in solution.
The DOOR to Antibiotic Stewardship: Refining Assessments of Interventions With Desirability of Outcome Ranking:

Background:Limited sample size and disparate outcome measures can hinder the ability of antimicrobial stewardship programs to assess the utility of their quality improvement interventions. Desirabi...
The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award

The Photopolymer Science and Technology Award No. 092100, the Best Paper Award 2009, was presented to Dario L. Goldfarba, Libor Vyklickya, Sean D. Burnsa, Karen Petrillob, John Arnoldb, Anthony Lisib, Dirk Pfeiffera, Daniel P. Sandersc, Robert D. Allenc, David R. Medeirosb, Dah Chung Owe-Yangd, Kazumi Nodae, Seiichiro Tachibanae, and Shozo Shiraie (aIBM T.J. Watson Research Center, bIBM Systems & Technology Group, cIBM Almaden Research Center, dShin-Etsu MicroSi, Inc., eShin-Etsu Chemical Co.) for their outstanding contribution published in the Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 21(3), 397-404 (2008), entitled "Graded Spin-on Organic Bottom Antireflective Coating for High NA Immersion Lithography".
Focusing on Neutrality When Resolving Religious Conflicts in Pediatric Medical Care.

Consent for pediatric health care has been evolving for 50 years. Norms for child-rearing and laws concerning child neglect and child abuse are also evolving. Brummett (2021) correctly describes th...
Perioperative Smartphone Apps and Devices for Patient-Centered Care

Smartphones have grown in ubiquity and computing power, and they play an ever-increasing role in patient-centered health care. The "medicalized smartphone" not only enables web-based access to patient health resources, but also can run patient-oriented software applications and be connected to health-related peripheral devices. A variety of patient-oriented smartphone apps and devices are available for use to facilitate patient-centered care throughout the continuum of perioperative care. Ongoing advances in smartphone technology and health care apps and devices should expand their utility for enhancing patient-centered care in the future.
Speed, Search and the Failure of Simple Contingency

It is widely accepted that an organization's internal design should be contingent on the nature of its external environment. Yet attempts to construct simple contingency relationships - i.e., one-to-one mappings from environmental conditions to appropriate design elements - have met with limited success. We shed light on this lack of success by means of an agent-based simulation in which modeled firms of different designs face various environmental conditions. We find robustly that turbulent environments call for organizational features that generate high speed of improvement, and complex environments call for features that engender diverse search. The precise design features that produce speedy improvement and diverse search, however, vary dramatically from one decision-making archetype to another. A feature that accelerates improvement in a decentralized firm, for instance, may slow it down in a hierarchical firm. It is this subtlety that undermines simple contingency relationships. We argue that the intermediate constructs speed of improvement and diversity of search clarify the mapping between environment and appropriate design and may point the way to more nuanced contingency hypotheses.
Assessing the Quality of Large, Software-Intensive Systems: A Case Study

This paper presents a case study in carrying out an audit of a large, softwareintensive system. We discuss our experience in structuring the team for obtaining maximum effectiveness under a short deadline. We also discuss the goals of an audit, the methods of gathering and assimilating information, and specific lines of inquiry to be followed. We present observations on our approach in light of our experience and feedback from the customer. In the past decade, as engineers have attempted to build software-intensive systems of a scale not dreamed of heretofore, there have been extraordinary successes and failures. Those projects that have failed have often been spectacular and highly visible [3], particularly those commissioned with public money. Such failures do not happen all at once; like Brooks’ admonition that schedules slip one day at a time [2], failures happen incrementally. The symptoms of a failing project range from the subtle (a customer’s vague feelings of uneasiness) to the ridiculous (the vendor slips the schedule for the eighth time and promises that another $30 million will fix everything). A project that has passed the “failure in progress” stage and gone on to full-fledged meltdown can be spotted by one sure symptom: the funding authority curtails payment and severely slows development. When that happens, the obvious question is asked by every involved party: “What now?” The answer is often an audit. This paper summarizes the experience of an audit undertaken by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in the summer of 1994 to examine a large, highly visible development effort exhibiting the meltdown symptom suggested above. The customer was a government agency in the process of procuring a large software-intensive system from a major contractor. The audit team included the authors of this paper, as well as members from other organizations. Members of the team had extensive backgrounds and expertise in software engineering, in large systems development,
Off-Farm Work, Intensity of Government Payments, and Farm Exits: Evidence from a National Survey in the United States

The last three decades have witnessed the continued exit of households from primary agriculture in the United States, where the average annual gross exit rate has averaged 10% per year. Understanding exit behavior is one key to future farm structure, management of abandoned land, depopulation of rural areas, and agricultural policy, including government program payments. This study empirically estimates the determinants of exit decisions of farm households. Particular attention is given to the roles of intensity of government payments and off-farm work decisions of farm couples in the exit decision. Using a large farm-level survey and controlling for endogeneity, results indicate that farm households with reduced intensity of government payments are more likely to exit farming. Households where the operator spouse works off the farm are more likely to exit farming. Additionally, households with older farmers, with the farm operator and spouse raised on a farm, and households operating farms located in Northern Great Plains are more likely to exit farming. Les trois dernieres decennies ont ete temoin d'une sortie soutenue des menages du secteur de l'agriculture primaire aux Etats-Unis, et ce, au taux annuel moyen de 10%. Comprendre les raisons de cette decision est important pour la future structure de la ferme, la gestion des terres abandonnees, le depeuplement des regions rurales, la politique agricole y compris les paiements verses dans le cadre de programmes gouvernementaux. Dans la presente etude, nous estimons de facon empirique les determinants de cette decision des menages agricoles. Nous nous penchons particulierement sur le role des paiements verses dans le cadre de programmes gouvernementaux et du travail a l'exterieur de la ferme dans la decision de quitter le secteur. Selon un vaste sondage effectue aupres des menages agricoles et soumis a des methodes de controle de l'endogeneite, les menages agricoles touches par une reduction des paiements verses dans le cadre de programmes gouvernementaux sont plus susceptibles de quitter le secteur tout comme les menages ou le conjoint ou la conjointe travaille a l'exterieur de la ferme. Les menages d'agriculteurs âges, ceux ou l'exploitant et la conjointe ont grandi sur une ferme ainsi que ceux qui exploitent une ferme dans les grandes plaines du Nord sont egalement plus susceptibles de quitter le secteur.