cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of the Addition of Fresh Bakers’ Yeast to a Normal Ration for Lactating Dairy Cows

Numerous feeding trials have been conducted in this country and in Europe on the nutritional value of yeast. However, the results of experiments with yeast in the rations of domestic animals have not been consistent because of differences in the kind of yeast, the class of experimental animals, and feeding practices. Bunger (3) found that the digestibility of the protein o f wood sugar yeast was equal to that of crude extracted soybean oil meal; and that yeast and soybean oil meal were of equal value for milk production, per kilogram of crude protein consumed. Barton, Ness, and Crampton (1) concluded that dried brewers' yeast could be substituted for linseed meal pound for pound in the rations of dairy cows. Kranss and Hunt (5) fed dried yeast to dairy cows in amounts up to three-quarters of a pound per cow per day, and found no increase in the vitamin B content of the milk although there was some indication that riboflavin was slightly increased. Golf and Seeling (4) showe~ that feeding irradiated and non-irradiated yeast to dairy cows had no effect on the amount or fat content of the milk produced. Bilek and Hynek (2) obtained an increase in milk production with no change in the fat content when irradiated yeast was added to the winter ration of dairy cows, but when the cows were fed ample supplies of fresh fodder, the effect was no longer present. Lucadou (6) fed 5 grams of living bakers' yeast to dairy cows which resulted in an increased fat test, but milk production remained unchanged. The same quantity of dried living brewers' yeast provedunpalatable and had no effect on either the amount of milk produced or the fat test. Feeding 50 rag. of vitamin BI, or 6 rag. of vitamin B2 separately failed to ~ve positive results. However, when 20 rag. of B1 and 6 nag. of B~ were fed together, this investigator noticed a distinct rise in the fat content of the milk. Under winter feeding conditions, ten times as much vitamin B1 and B2 were required to give the response obtained with cows on pasture.
MUTATIONS THAT IMPROVE THE ANT PROMOTER OF SALMONELLA PHAGE P22

Mutations that increase the activity of the promoter for the antirepressor gene of phage P22 were isolated by pseudoreversion of four severe promoter-down mutations. The sequence changes in these pseudorevertants include single base pair substitutions, single base pair deletions, tandem double base pair deletions and multisite mutations. The single base pair substitutions change nonconsensus base pairs to consensus base pairs at positions -14 and -8. The other mutations provide support for the idea that the length of the spacer region between the conserved -35 and -10 hexamers is an important determinant of promoter strength. Deletions of one or two base pairs in the spacer region apparently activate an alternate -10 hexamer by shifting it from a spacing of 19 base pairs to a spacing of 18 or 17 base pairs, respectively.
Subsolidus Compatibility in the System NaCl‐KCl‐AlCl3‐NaF‐KF‐AlF3

The chemistry and properties of salts used as fluxes for recycling aluminum were studied. Many fluxing salts fall within the system NaCl-KCl-AlCl3-NaF-KF-AlF3, which has been shown to be a reciprocal system, with NaF-KCl, KC1-AIF3, and NaCl-AIF3 as the stable mixed-halide binaries. Twelve subsolidus compatibility tetrahedra were determined by X-ray analyses of samples heated in evacuated sealed tubes. X-ray measurements of quenched and annealed samples indicate that elpasolite, nominally K2NaAlF6, has a compositional range between 60 mo% Na3AlF6, 40 mol% K3AlF6 and 25 mol% Na3AlF6, 75 mol% K3AIF6. Improved X-ray powder data are given for KAIF4, showing a previously reported structure to be essentially correct.
Anti-inflammatory effects of fish oil in ovaries of laying hens target prostaglandin pathways

An effective way to control cancer is by prevention. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Progress in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer has been hampered due to the lack of an appropriate animal model and absence of effective chemo-prevention strategies. The domestic hens spontaneously develop ovarian adenocarcinomas that share similar histological appearance and symptoms such as ascites and metastasis with humans. There is a link between chronic inflammation and cancer. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most pro-inflammatory ecoisanoid and one of the downstream products of two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. PGE2 exerts its effects on target cells by coupling to four subtypes of receptors which have been classified as EP1-4. Fish oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) which may be effective in prevention of ovarian cancer. Our objective was to assess the potential impact of fish oil on expression of COX enzymes, PGE2 concentration, apoptosis and proliferation in ovaries of laying hens. 48 white Leghorn hens were fed 50, 100, 175, 375 and 700 mg/kg fish oil for 21 days. The OM3-FAs and omega-6 fatty acids contents of egg yolks were determined by Gas Chromatography. Proliferation, apoptosis, COX-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin receptor subtype 4 (EP4) protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 concentration in ovaries were measured by PCNA, TUNEL, Western blot, quantitative real-time qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Consumption of fish oil increased the incorporation of OM-3FAs into yolks and decreased both COX-1 and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression. In correlation with COXs down-regulation, fish oil significantly reduced the concentrations of PGE2 in ovaries. EP4 protein and mRNA expression in ovaries of hens was not affected by fish oil treatment. A lower dose of fish oil increased the egg laying frequency. 175 and 700 mg/kg fish oil reduced proliferation and 700 mg/kg increased apoptosis in hen ovaries. Our findings suggest that the lower doses of fish oil reduce inflammatory PG and may be an effective approach in preventing ovarian carcinogenesis. These findings may provide the basis for clinical trials utilizing fish oil as a dietary intervention targeting prostaglandin biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Electro-absorption Modulated Lasers by Optical Injection Locking

We experimentally demonstrate bandwidth enhancement of an optically-injection-locked integrated electro- absorption modulator (EAM) and laser in an inverted configuration. The injected light is modulated by the EAM and enhanced by the injection locking dynamics. The 3-dB bandwidth of the EAM was increased from 8GHz to >40GHz.
The Role of Decision Processes in Conscious Recollection

Dual-process models of recognition memory posit a rapid retrieval process that produces a general sense of familiarity and a slower retrieval process that produces conscious recollections of prior experience. The remember/know paradigm has been used to study the subjective correlates of these two processes, with remember judgments assumed to index conscious recollection and know judgments assumed to index familiarity. Recently, a two-criterion signal detection model has been proposed as an alternative account of this paradigm. This model assumes only a single memory process with a criterion separating remember from know responses. This report presents an empirical test of the model's critical prediction that manipulations that influence criterion placement should influence both remember and know judgments. An experiment confirmed this prediction, demonstrating that subjects who were told that 70% of the test items were study items produced more remember and know responses than subjects who were told that ...
Groundwater influence on water budget of a small constructed floodplain wetland in the Ridge and Valley of Virginia, USA ☆

Abstract Study region A floodplain in the headwaters of a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, Ridge and Valley of the Eastern United States. Study focus This study investigated the influence of groundwater exchange in the annual wetland hydrologic budget and identified spatial and temporal variability in groundwater hydraulic gradients using an array of nested piezometers. New hydrological insights for the region Data showed that the created wetland met hydrologic success criteria, and that the wetland storage was fully connected with the groundwater table. Water-surface storage fluctuation was not fully explained by precipitation and evapotranspiration, suggesting that storage was highly influenced by groundwater inputs. The potentiometric surface showed that hillslope seep recharge was the dominant groundwater vector. However, during the summer and fall months, the adjacent stream channel was a losing system, and storm-driven rise in stream stage affected wetland storage. The complex hydrology of this relatively small wetland indicates that predicting the fluctuations of storage for design of unconfined floodplain wetlands is challenging, and that if the influence of groundwater seepage is negated, then fluctuations may be underestimated to the point of harming vegetation.
Grass-Shrub Associations over a Precipitation Gradient and Their Implications for Restoration in the Great Basin, USA

As environmental stress increases positive (facilitative) plant interactions often predominate. Plant-plant associations (or lack thereof) can indicate whether certain plant species favor particular types of microsites (e.g., shrub canopies or plant-free interspaces) and can provide valuable insights into whether “nurse plants” will contribute to seeding or planting success during ecological restoration. It can be difficult, however, to anticipate how relationships between nurse plants and plants used for restoration may change over large-ranging, regional stress gradients. We investigated associations between the shrub, Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis), and three common native grasses (Poa secunda, Elymus elymoides, and Pseudoroegneria spicata), representing short-, medium-, and deep-rooted growth forms, respectively, across an annual rainfall gradient (220–350 mm) in the Great Basin, USA. We hypothesized that positive shrub-grass relationships would become more frequent at lower rainfall levels, as indicated by greater cover of grasses in shrub canopies than vegetation-free interspaces. We sampled aerial cover, density, height, basal width, grazing status, and reproductive status of perennial grasses in canopies and interspaces of 25–33 sagebrush individuals at 32 sites along a rainfall gradient. We found that aerial cover of the shallow rooted grass, P. secunda, was higher in sagebrush canopy than interspace microsites at lower levels of rainfall. Cover and density of the medium-rooted grass, E. elymoides were higher in sagebrush canopies than interspaces at all but the highest rainfall levels. Neither annual rainfall nor sagebrush canopy microsite significantly affected P. spicata cover. E. elymoides and P. spicata plants were taller, narrower, and less likely to be grazed in shrub canopy microsites than interspaces. Our results suggest that exploring sagebrush canopy microsites for restoration of native perennial grasses might improve plant establishment, growth, or survival (or some combination thereof), particularly in drier areas. We suggest that land managers consider the nurse plant approach as a way to increase perennial grass abundance in the Great Basin. Controlled experimentation will provide further insights into the life stage-specific effectiveness and practicality of a nurse plant approach for ecological restoration in this region.
Variation in the Ability to Taste Bitter Thiourea Compounds: Implications for Food Acceptance, Dietary Intake, and Obesity Risk in Children

The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for perception of a variety of chemosensory experiences. In this review, we discuss studies that have investigated the relationship between bitter-taste response and dietary behaviors and chronic health in children. Investigators have hypothesized that children who are PROP tasters have lower liking and consumption of bitter foods, such as cruciferous vegetables. Additionally, several studies suggest that children who are unable to taste PROP (i.e., nontasters) like and consume more dietary fat and are prone to obesity. The relationship between the PROP phenotype and obesity is influenced by multiple confounders, including sex, food access, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Future studies that adjust for these variables are needed.
Reconsidering the Connection between Capacity and Governance

High levels of sub-national policy experimentation and public cynicism about politics and government, combined with significant challenges and opportunities for governance capacity such as regionalism, globalization, and technological change call for a reconsideration of the state of capacity and the capacity of the state. Crucial questions surrounding this re-assessment include: What is the difference between government and governance? Who governs in theory and in reality? How does governance now work? Can governance and capacity keep pace with change? Reconsideration of these and related questions yields the conclusion that governance and capacity are intimately connected and that innovative, simultaneous blending of public management and civic capacities is needed to build trust and govern effectively under new and challenging conditions.
From NARS to a Thinking Machine

NARS is an AGI project developed in the framework of reasoning system, and it adapts to its environment with insufficient knowledge and resources. The development of NARS takes an incremental approach, by extending the formal model stage by stage. The system, when finished, can be further augmented in several directions.
Structure and Acidity in Aqueous Solutions and Oxide–Water Interfaces

There have been a number of attempts to relate structural descriptors based on the bond-valence theory to the Bronsted acidity of (hydr)oxyacid monomers and oxide surface functional groups, via simple quantitative structure– activity relationships (QSARs). These models show some promise, but since they have been calibrated solely on monomers, it is difficult to know whether oxide surface functional groups are within their domain of applicability. In fact, there are strong reasons, including direct ab initio computation of equilibrium constants for surface functional groups, for doubting whether acidity QSARs based on the bond-valence theory are yet capable of accurately predicting acidity at the level of individual surface functional groups, despite some apparent successes. For progress to continue, we must further develop the relationship between bond valence and structural energy, so that we will be better able to construct widely applicable models
Hydrogeochemical Analysis of Processes Through Modeling of Seawater Intrusion Impacts in Biscayne Aquifer Water Quality, USA

Hydrogeochemical processes that accompany seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers can alter the resulting water quality and are important ingredients in coastal aquifer management. The presence of dissolution–precipitation reactions and ion exchange in the mixing zone of the Biscayne aquifer (FL, USA) are suggested based on changes in major ion concentrations and mineral saturation indices (SI). Major ion concentrations from 11 groundwater samples are compared with theoretical mixing between freshwater and seawater. PHREEQC code was used to calculate saturation indices of the samples with respect to common phases in the Biscayne aquifer. High Ca2+ and HCO3 − content of the samples is typical of waters in contact with carbonate aquifers. Water quality of the samples is mainly attributed to mixing and precipitation–dissolution reactions with calcite and dolomite. The samples were saturated with calcite (SI ~ 0) and undersaturated for dolomite (SI < 0), while a few samples showed dolomite saturation. Because gypsum and halite SI could be predicted by theoretical mixing, reactions with those minerals, if present, are thought to be insignificant. In the active intrusion areas, cation exchange also appears to modify water quality leading to excess Ca2+, but depleted Na+, Mg2+ and K+ concentrations. On the other hand, samples from previous intrusion areas plotted very close to the theoretical mixing line and approached equilibrium with the seawater.
PTSD and TBI co-morbidity: Scope, clinical presentation and treatment options

AbstractPrimary objective: To summarize the literature on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their co-morbidity, focusing on diagnosis, clinical symptoms and treatment issues relevant to the clinician.Research design: Review of the literature.Methods and procedures: Pubmed searches were performed using the terms post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, sleep, cognitive, depression, anxiety, treatment and combinations of these terms. Those articles relevant to the objective were included.Main outcomes and results: This study presents pathophysiological, neuroimaging and clinical data on co-morbid PTSD and TBI. It reviews associated conditions, emphasizing the impact of cognitive and sleep problems. It summarizes the emerging literature on treatment effectiveness for co-morbid PTSD and TBI, including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation.Conclusions: Both PTSD and TBI commonly occur in the general population, both share some pathop...
Study of Excess Noise Factor Under Nonlocal Effect in Avalanche Photodiodes

Avalanche photodiodes with thin multiplication regions exhibit a linear relationship between F(M) and M, which differs from the local-field model. This letter presents a study of the relationship between F(M) with M when nonlocal effects are significant. Systematic Monte Carlo simulations on different avalanche photodiodes have been carried out to support the analytical model.
92 NOVEL MECHANISMS IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: AUTOANTIBODY, FAS-DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF AUTOPHAGY, APOPTOSIS AND NON-APOPTOSIS CELL DEATH

Background We reported previously that diabetic neuropathy is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and that sera from type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy induces complement-independent apoptosis in cultured human neuroblastoma (SY5Y) neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with engulfment of the injured organelles in autophagosomes, e.g. autophagy. We hypothesized that sera from type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy would induce autoantibody-mediated, Fas-dependent activation of autophagy and cell death in SY5Y neurons. Methods Complement-inactivated sera were obtained from 12 patients with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy (D + N), 6 DM patients without neuropathy (D - N) and 6 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (C). IgG and IgM autoantibody binding to the cell surface was detected using specific FITC-tagged antibodies. Immunoglobulins (Igs) were removed from sera with protein L agrose beads. Fas activation was monitored using Northern and Western detection of Fas and Fas-activated Death Domain (FADD) ± gene silencing with si-FADD. Autophagy was measured using Western and immunofluoresence (IF) detection of the specific marker for autophagosomes, LC3 and mitochondrial colocalization with MitoTracker. Apoptosis was measured by activated caspase-3 and TUNEL assays. Oncosis was measured by mu-calpain immunoreactivity. Results Sera from the D + N subjects but not D - N or C demonstrated significant increase in IgG and IgM autoantibodies. These sera induced a marked increased in Fas and FADD immunoreactivity detected by Western and IF methods after 2 hours treatment and a parallel increase in autophagy associated with engulfment of mitochondria compared to sera from DM - N subjects and C. Treatment with purified Fas ligand (10 ng/mL) produced similar results at 2 h. After 24 hours treatment with D + N sera there was a significant increase in apoptosis (1.6 ± 0.3%) and oncosis (2.5 ± 0.4%) compared to D - N (0.4 ± 0.2, p Summary These results suggest that autoimmune, Fas-dependent activation of autophagy and cell death participate in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy.
Progressive feedback point cloud rendering for virtual reality display

Previous approaches to rendering large point clouds on immersive displays have generally created a trade-off between interactivity and quality. While these approaches have been quite successful for desktop environments when interaction is limited, virtual reality systems are continuously interactive, which forces users to suffer through either low frame rates or low image quality. This paper presents a novel approach to this problem through a progressive feedback-driven rendering algorithm. This algorithm uses reprojections of past views to accelerate the reconstruction of the current view. The presented method is tested against previous methods, showing improvements in both rendering quality and interactivity.
The Role of Cultural Discontinuity in the Academic Outcomes of Latina/o High School Students:

This study examined the impact of cultural discontinuity on the academic outcomes of Latina/o high school students. Hierarchical multiple regression was utilized to (a) investigate the significant ...
Climate Change and Global Warming

Why does climate change? How does climate change? This chapter describes flows of energy in the climate system. Climate can change when there are changes to energy flows between the different components of the climate system—internal changes. Climate can also change as a response to a change in total input or output energy—external changes. The energy budget of the planet is critical for understanding how the climate system may change over time, because on long timescales, climate is governed largely by the total amount of energy in the system and how that energy is stored and moves. Examples of interactions and internal feedbacks from past changes to the climate are described, and where the energy may go in the future is discussed.
Empathic Economies: Performance by Refugees and Asylum Seekers

In the previous chapter, I explored the empathic labor of acting, arguing that this labor is both frightening and pleasurable because through it we experience other ways of being in the world. I advocated, further, for a recognition of theatrical labor that often goes unmarked. If, as Erin Hurley argues, “‘feeling-labour’… is the most important aspect of theatre’s cultural work,” then it is vital to acknowledge who performs that labor, under what circumstances, and for what forms of compensation. In this chapter, I expand on the feeling labor of performance, of which empathy, as both a cognitive and an affective process, is a part. As I have argued throughout this book, empathic labor is not (or should not be) simply the purview of those secure in their subject positions—the comfortable engagement of majority subjects with minority ones. Empathy is most effective at fostering greater understanding when it involves an equal exchange between all parties involved. Of course, our ability to meet one another as equals—in the space of performance or elsewhere—is always complicated by a host of factors. When empathy is imagined as a one-sided affair, the one who empathizes is generally understood to hold the position of privilege and power, but this assumption overlooks the fact that, frequently, minority subjects must engage in empathy as part of the process of interpreting and negotiating the worldview of the majority. For them, empathizing with majority culture is not an act of privilege, but may rather be one of survival, while eliciting the empathy of that culture means making oneself legible to those in power.
Cognitive Phenotypes and the Evolution of Animal Decisions

Despite the clear fitness consequences of animal decisions, the science of animal decision making in evolutionary biology is underdeveloped compared with decision science in human psychology. Specifically, the field lacks a conceptual framework that defines and describes the relevant components of a decision, leading to imprecise language and concepts. The 'judgment and decision-making' (JDM) framework in human psychology is a powerful tool for framing and understanding human decisions, and we apply it here to components of animal decisions, which we refer to as 'cognitive phenotypes'. We distinguish multiple cognitive phenotypes in the context of a JDM framework and highlight empirical approaches to characterize them as evolvable traits.
Coexisting sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation and diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the knee after a total knee replacement: a case report.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas, predominantly involving lung, mediastinal lymph nodes and other organs. Synovium involvement is infrequent, and as far as we know, involvement of a periprosthetic membrane has not been reported in the English literature. Intra-articular diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (“conventional diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis”) is an uncommon, locally aggressive neoplasm with few previous case reports in which it arose in periprosthetic tissues after knee arthroplasty. We describe a unique case of an intraarticular mass next to a total knee prosthesis implanted 6 years ago in a patient with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clinically, this 67-year-old gentleman presented with progressive left knee pain, effusion and marked instability. MRI showed a large complex effusion with synovial thickening in the supra patella recess and the medial and lateral gutters. In addition, a large multilobulated mass with mixed low and high signal intensity was present in the posterior joint space, extending into the popliteal area. A two-stage operation was performed. Histologically, the mass from the posterior joint space showed characteristic features of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor, while the synovium from the anterior compartment demonstrated sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation. Orthopaedic wear debris was found within the giant cells of these sarcoidal granulomata. The histologic features are different from those “usual” macrophage reactions to the particles of debris. In this article, we also included two optional links (highlighted in blue in the figures) to digital whole slide image (WSI), which allow the readers to navigate the entire microscope slides.
Substantive, Multilateral, and Unilateral Choice-of-Law Approaches

As a preliminary step toward such potentially fruitful work, this Article briefly compares the three approaches.2 The three approaches are assessed primarily from a common law perspective. Judges are assumed able to wield law-making power, including power to choose and shape their sovereign's choice-of-law approach. This is certainly true for most judges in the United States, who operate under a common law system generally and whose legislatures usually leave to the judiciary the decision about what choice-of-law approach that jurisdiction will use. Hopefully, however, my comments also have relevance for code jurisdictions and for the international community. Indeed, at many places in this Article, I address international, rather than interstate, fact patterns.This Article's working premise is that one cannot evaluate choice-of-law approaches without simultaneously considering how courts exercise personal jurisdiction when courts enforce foreign judgments. Accordingly, each of the three competing choice-of-law approaches is analyzed, not as if choice-of-law decisions occur in a vacuum, but from the perspective of whether it matters who gets to hear a case, and whether each approach raises enforcement problems.The Article is organized into three parts, one devoted to each of the three choice-of-law approaches. Within each part, a subpart first describes the key underlying premises of the approach.Further subparts then discuss whether and how the approach interrelates with personal jurisdiction theory, what enforcement problems are raised by the theory, and typical cases that illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. The Article concludes by offering some brief, tentative thoughts about how aspiring drafters of a third restatement might use the potential strengths and weaknesses of each choice-of-law approach to help guide their work.
An authentication protocol for wearable medical devices

Wearable medical devices are playing more and more important roles in healthcare. Unlike the wired connection, the wireless connection between wearable devices and the remote servers are exceptionally vulnerable to malicious attacks, and poses threats to the safety and privacy of the patient health data. Therefore, wearable medical devices require the implementation of reliable measures to secure the wireless network communication. However, those devices usually have limited computational power that is not comparable with the desktop computer and thus, it is difficult to adopt the full-fledged security algorithm in software. In this study, we have developed an efficient authentication and encryption protocol for internetconnected wearable devices using the recognized standards of AES and SHA that can provide two-way authentication between wearable device and remote server and protection of patient privacy against various network threats. We have tested the feasibility of this protocol on the TI CC3200 Launchpad, an evaluation board of the CC3200, which is a Wi-Fi capable microcontroller designed for wearable devices and includes a hardware accelerated cryptography module for the implementation of the encryption algorithm. The microcontroller serves as the wearable device client and a Linux computer serves as the server. The embedded client software was written in ANSI C and the server software was written in Python.
Does mothers' employment affect adolescents' weight and activity levels? Improving our empirical estimates.

Abstract Women’s lives are marked by complex work and family routines — routines that have implications for their children’s health. Prior research suggests a link between mothers' work hours and their children’s weight, but few studies investigate the child health implications of increasingly common work arrangements, such as telecommuting and flexible work schedules. We examine whether changes in mothers’ work arrangements are associated with changes in adolescents’ weight, physical activity, and sedentary behavior using longitudinal data and fixed effects models to better account for mothers’ social selection in to different work arrangements and children’s underlying preferences. With data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 10,518), we find that changes in mothers’ work arrangements are not significantly associated with adolescents’ weight gain or physical activity but are significantly associated with adolescents’ sedentary behavior. Adolescents’ sedentary behavior declines when mothers become more available after school and increases when mothers work more hours or become unemployed. In sum, after accounting for unobserved, stable traits, including mothers’ selection into jobs with more or less flexibility, mothers’ work arrangements are most strongly associated with adolescents’ sedentary behavior.
Phenology of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in a California Urban Landscape.

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive pest that has been resident in California since 2006. To better understand its seasonal phenology, we used baited traps to estimate nymph and adult population densities in midtown Sacramento, the focal area of the Northern California invasion. Adult H. halys populations were found soon after trapping began in February (2015-2016) or March (2014); the first egg masses for 2014, 2015, and 2016 were found on 5 May, 17 April, and 12 April, respectively, and the first nymphs were found 3 June, 19 May, and 9 May, respectively. There were two generations per year, with one peak in June and another in September. Summer temperatures above 36°C in July and August were associated with reduced catches in traps of both nymphs and adults. This extreme heat may have helped to form two clear nymph peaks and suppressed egg deposition. In 2016, two trap types and four lures were also compared. Trap type influenced season-long nymph captures, with fewer nymphs in double cone traps than pyramid traps. Lure type influenced season-long trap catch, with more nymphs and adults trapped with the Rescue lure than the AgBio Combo lure, Alpha Scents, or Trece Pherocon Combo lures, although this difference was only associated with the capture of nymphs and we did not compare for longevity or seasonal variation. These data are discussed with respect to H. halys' phenology from the mid-Atlantic region.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Blinatumomab in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct targeting CD3e on T cells and CD19 on B cells. We describe the relationship between pharmacokinetics (PK) of blinatumomab and pharmacodynamic (PD) changes in peripheral lymphocytes, serum cytokines, and tumor size in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods In a phase 1 study, 76 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL received blinatumomab by continuous intravenous infusion at various doses (0.5 to 90 µg/m2/day). PD changes were analyzed with respect to dose, blinatumomab concentration at steady state (Css), and cumulative area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUCcum). Results B-cell depletion occurred within 48 hours at doses ≥5 µg/m2/day, followed first-order kinetics, and was blinatumomab exposure-dependent. Change in tumor size depended on systemic blinatumomab exposure and treatment duration and could be fitted to an Emax model, which predicted a 50% reduction in tumor size at AUCcum of ≥1,340 h×µg/L and Css of ≥1,830 pg/mL, corresponding to a blinatumomab dose of 47 µg/m2/day for 28 days. The magnitude of transient cytokine elevation, observed within 1-2 days of infusion start, was dose-dependent, with less pronounced elevation at low starting doses. Conclusion B-lymphocyte depletion following blinatumomab infusion was exposure-dependent. Transient cytokine elevation increased with dose; it was less pronounced at low starting doses. Tumor response was a function of exposure, suggesting utility for the PK/PD relationship in dose selection for future studies, including NHL and other malignant settings.
Behavior of interdigitated back-contact solar cells

This paper presents experimental data concerning operation mechanisms of two versions of interdigitated back-contact solar cells: the tandem junction cell and the front-surface field cell. It is shown that a photogenerated forward bias at the front junction of a tandem junction cell is a critical parameter for cell performance which not only causes photogenerated carriers to migrate to the back junction, but also eliminates the reduction in photoresponse over back p(+) metallization regions. However, no similar light effects are observed in the performance of front-surface field cells. Finally, a discussion on mechanisms concerning the performance of front-surface field and tandem junction cells along with their merits is given.
Mechanistic Insights into the ReIO2(PPh3)2-Promoted Reductive Coupling of Alcohols

A mechanistic investigation of the reductive coupling of benzylic and allylic alcohols by triphenylphosphine catalyzed by ReIO2(PPh3)2 (1) is disclosed utilizing (1) stoichiometric reaction studies of 1 with alcohols, with PPh3 and with OPPh3; (2) rate law determination of the reaction of benzhydrol with PPh3 catalyzed by 1; (3) substrate structure-dependent reactivity/selectivity studies; and (4) DFT computational analysis of various potential reaction pathways in the benzyl alcohol/PPh3 reaction. In situ NMR monitoring of reactions of 1 with PPh3 and various alcohols demonstrate (a) facile, reversible PPh3 dissociation from 1; (b) association of various alcohols to form Re-alcohol/alkoxide complexes, (Ph3P)IReO2(ROH) and (Ph3P)IReO(OH)(OR); and (c) thermal conversion of these alcohol(ate)-rhenium complexes to Ph2CH–CHPh2 and OPPh3 at >50 °C. Under pseudo-first-order conditions, the initial rate kinetics of reductive coupling of Ph2CHOH/PPh3 catalyzed by 1 shows (a) a reaction rate that is first-order ea...
Older Latinos’ Financial Security: Resources, Needs, and Future Prospects

This study assessed Latinos’ retirement security, including their financial resources and retirement needs, showing past trends and future prospects. Using data from the American Community Survey, decennial censuses, and Health and Retirement Study, tabulations compared poverty rates, income and wealth, health and disability, relationship status, and household composition for Latinos and non-Latinos ages 65 and older. The Urban Institute’s Dynamic Simulation of Income Model also projected income and wealth for future generations. The results show that older Latinos receive less income, hold less wealth, and are more likely to be impoverished than older non-Latino whites. Financial outcomes are significantly worse for older foreign-born Latinos than for those born in the United States. However, projections indicate that the gaps will narrow somewhat in coming decades. Various policy options, such as workforce development initiatives, efforts to promote education and retirement savings, and Social Security reforms that increase benefit progressivity could improve financial security for future Hispanic retirees.
Oxygen-induced leakage of spin polarization in Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Application for oximetry in tumors.

Abstract Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OMRI) is a double resonance technique applied for oxygen imaging in aqueous samples and biological tissues. In this report, we present an improved OMRI approach of oxygen measurement using the single line “Finland” trityl spin probe. Compared to a traditional approach, we introduced an additional mechanism of leakage of spin polarization due to an interaction of a spin system with oxygen. The experimental comparison of the new approach with an oxygen-dependent leakage factor to a traditional approach performed in phantom samples in vitro, and mouse tumor model in vivo, shows improved accuracy of determination of oxygen and contrast agent concentrations.
Mimicking a perfectly matched layer with a porous medium

The possibility of designing a porous medium that mimics an acoustical perfectly matched layer (PML) is discussed. In numerical methods, a PML provides essentially zero reflection and rapid attenuation in space. As a starting point to designing such a medium, the relaxation-model equations (10.54) and (10.55) from V. E. Ostashev and D. K. Wilson [Acoustics in Moving Inhomogeneous Media, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2016] are employed. In general, it does not appear to select the parameters to mimic a PML across a range of frequencies. For relatively high frequencies, however, it is shown that by setting the ratio of the vorticity and entropy shape factors to (Npr)1/2 /(γ-1), where Npr is the Prandtl number and γ is the ratio of specific heats, the impedance becomes real-valued while the medium remains attenuative. Possible approaches are discussed for adjusting this ratio based on varying the pore shape, the cross section, and the pore-size distribution. However, it does not appear to be possible to make the ratio less than one, as would be necessary to realize the PML condition in air and other fluids.
Brand Evaluations across Age Cohorts and Ethnic Groups: Convergence in the Youth Segment?

Research indicates a general consensus that ethnicity does influence consumption behavior, consumer experience, marketing response and media selection. It is, however, unclear as to the extent of that influence and the nature of the difference from segmenting consumers on some other criteria such as needs. Businesses have approached ethnic marketing in different ways ranging from a targeted effort at distinct ethnic markets to a more multi-cultural theme that is shared across many different groups. Today's youth are often considered to view the world from a diverse perspective such that youth and diversity are often considered synonymous. An assessment of brand evaluation measures is used to explore the nature of the ethnic youth market in contrast to other ethnic and age segments.
Making or Breaking Regions: China’s Belt Road Initiative and the Meaning for Regional Dynamics

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has gained worldwide attention, as the government of Xi Jinping has committed itself to globe the spanning connectivity project. Global in scope, the role of ...
Differences in Outcomes of Chemoradiation in Women With Invasive Cervical Cancer by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Systematic Review

Abstract Purpose Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide, and women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carry the highest burden of disease. Chemoradiation (CRT) is the current standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer, without specific treatment modifications based on HIV status. This systematic review evaluates existing literature reporting differences in outcomes between HIV+ and HIV– women with invasive cervical cancer treated with CRT. Methods and Materials Searches were conducted through Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Two researchers independently conducted article selection; articles were selected by title, then abstract, and then by full text content. Data were extracted using a structured form. Results Thirteen articles were included in the analysis, all of which were either retrospective or prospective cohort studies published between 2012 and 2018, and most of which were conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment outcomes included treatment response, survival, toxicities, and quality of life. The majority of studies (8 of 13) reported no differences in treatment outcomes by HIV status. Out of 8 studies that assessed survival, 6 reported no significant difference based on HIV status. All 4 studies assessing treatment response found no significant differences based on HIV status. Among 6 studies primarily assessing treatment toxicity, 3 showed no differences based on HIV status. Factors affecting treatment outcomes, such as treatment selection bias, pretreatment hemoglobin levels, and antiretroviral therapy administration, were not systematically accounted for. Conclusions The majority of studies analyzed showed no differences in treatment outcomes, including overall toxicity, treatment response, or mortality, on the basis of HIV infection status. These results suggest CRT should continue to be the treatment of choice for locally invasive cervical cancer regardless of HIV status. Further study is required to more precisely account for other variables that influence treatment outcome.
Tidal Effects on the Longitudinal Structures of the Martian Thermosphere and Topside Ionosphere Observed by MAVEN

Longitudinal structures in the Martian thermosphere and topside ionosphere between 150 and 200 km altitudes are studied using in situ electron and neutral measurements from the NASA Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. Four time intervals are selected for comparison, during which MAVEN sampled similar local time (9.3-10.3 h) and latitude (near 20°S) regions but at different solar longitude positions (two near northern summer solstice, one each at northern vernal and autumnal equinoxes). Persistent and pronounced tidal oscillations characterize the ionosphere and thermosphere, whose longitudinal variations in density are generally in-phase with each other. Our analysis of simultaneous and collocated neutral and electron data provides direct observational evidence for thermosphere-ionosphere coupling through atmospheric tides. We conclude that the ionosphere is subject to modulation by upward-propagating thermal tides, via both tide-induced vertical displacement and photochemical reactions. Atmospheric tides constitute a ubiquitous and significant perturbation source to the ionospheric electron density, up to ~15% near 200 km.
Acute cannabis toxicity in older adults

Acute cannabis exposures have not been described in older adults. We analyzed acute exposures to cannabis products in a poison center setting over a 17-month period. Of 127 adult exposures, 25 (20%...
The Goodwillie tower for S1 and Kuhn’s Theorem

We analyze the homological behavior of the attaching maps in the 2-local Goodwillie tower of the identity evaluated at S1 . We show that they exhibit the same homological behavior as the James-Hopf maps used by N. Kuhn to prove the 2-primary Whitehead conjecture. We use this to prove a calculus form of the Whitehead conjecture: the Whitehead sequence is a contracting homotopy for the Goodwillie tower of S1 at the prime 2.
Climb Data Mountain: How Components of Self-Determination Can Support Oral Reading Fluency Practice:

Data Mountain is a program that teaches three self-determination skills: positive attributions, self-monitoring, and goal setting. Instruction of these skills is situated within the context of oral...
The Analysis of Explosives by Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Data obtained via tandem mass spectrometry are reported for ions derived from several explosives and related compounds. Electron impact ionization, isobutane chemical ionization, and negative chemical ionization methods were used to form ions from each of the compounds studied. These compounds include o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene; m-dinitrobenzene; 2,4-dinitrotoluene; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; 2,4-dinitrophenol; picric acid; 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX); 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetra-azacyclooctane (HMX); nitroglycerin; pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN); and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN). For a given ionization method each class of compounds (that is, nitrobenzenes, heterocyclic nitramines, and nitrate esters) shows common decompositions. This promises to facilitate rapid screening for particular types of explosives by the neutral loss scanning procedure. Of the three ionization methods employed, electron impact ionization is least suitable for analysis of explosives by tandem mass spectrometry. Positive and negative chemical ionization methods, in contrast, tend to generate the types of ions most useful for analysis by tandem mass spectrometry.
Determining highly elliptical earth orbits with VLBI and Delta-VLBI

This paper shows the feasibility of using Very Long Baseline Interferometric (VLBI) data acquired by the Deep Space Network to navigate highly elliptical earth orbiting satellites. The planned mission orbit of the Ion Release Module of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers is used as a reference for developing strategies and provides the first opportunity for a possible flight demonstration with a spacecraft in a highly elliptical orbit. The navigation accuracy improvements achievable with VLBI and Delta-VLBI data types are determined for comparison with the capabilities of a reference Doppler strategy. The results show that strategies using wideband Delta-VLBI measurements taken near periapse perform best, determining apoapse position to an order of magnitude better than conventional Doppler, while also substantially reducing the required antenna support.
Computational intelligence in surgery and diagnosis

We have used advanced signal processing and innovative image processing methods that are used outside the operating room. The software is written in C/sup ++/ in a windows environment and can be used on any PC. We will demonstrate some applications on a laptop. Applications with computational intelligence for diagnostic purposes and as visualization aids are demonstrated, include blood cell classification, mammography, evoked potentials, ophthalmology, EEG and field potentials in Parkinson's disease. The latter methods along with 3D reconstruction of MRI images of Parkinsonian patients, are currently used in the operating room for Pallidotomies.