cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Macrophage Inhibition and Inhaled Nitric Oxide Attenuate Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Background Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is postulated to occur biphasically. Donor pulmonary macrophages mediate early injury, and neutrophil-dependent injury predominates in the later phase of LIRI. We hypothesized that the biphasic response to LIRI would be attenuated by the administration of gadolinium, a known pulmonary macrophage inhibitor, and inhaled nitric oxide (NO), a pulmonary vasodilator that also interferes with neutrophil chemotaxis. Methods Using our isolated, ventilated, blood-perfused rabbit lung model, study groups (n = 10 per group) underwent two hours of reperfusion after 18 hours of cold ischemia (4°C). Lungs received gadolinium alone, or inhaled NO in the presence or absence of macrophage inhibition with gadolinium. Results Compared with control animals, pulmonary macrophage inhibition with the concurrent administration of inhaled NO increased lung compliance ( p p = 0.03), while also decreasing pulmonary artery pressure ( p p p p p Conclusions The severity of LIRI was most significantly reduced by the inhibition of pulmonary macrophages and the concomitant use of inhaled NO. Pulmonary macrophages, likely through the elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, not only cause early injury themselves but also prime cells such as neutrophils to injure lungs in the later stages of LIRI. The LIRI was effectively blunted by the reduction of macrophage-dependent injury by gadolinium while inhaled NO also attenuated injury by reducing pulmonary hypertension and minimizing neutrophil sequestration.
Commutative rings in which every ideal is a product of primary ideals

Abstract A Q -ring is a commutative ring in which every ideal is a product of primary ideals. We show that R is a Q -ring if and only if R is a Laskerian ring (every ideal has a primary decomposition) and every nonmaximal prime ideal of R is finitely generated and locally principal. We also show that R [ X ] or R [ X ] is a Q -ring if and only if R is a finite direct product of Dedekind domains and special principal ideal rings.
Neuropeptide Y–Induced Acceleration of Postangioplasty Occlusion of Rat Carotid Artery

Objective— Attempts to restore blood flow through atherosclerotic vessels by angioplasty often result in restenosis. Because the role of nerves in this process is unclear, we investigated whether neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic cotransmitter with vascular mitogenic activities, contributes to postangioplasty restenosis. Methods and Results— Carotid artery balloon angioplasty upregulated vascular expression of NPY and its processing enzyme (DPPIV/cd26) and receptors (Y1, Y2, Y5 mRNA and protein) within 6 to 24 hours and stimulated neointima formation and accumulation of NPY in platelets after 14 days. NPY pellets (1 to 10 μg/pellet for 14 days) inserted next to the injured artery elevated platelet and vascular NPY immunoreactivity to stress-like levels and dose-dependently augmented angioplasty-induced neointima. Strikingly, 10 μg NPY for 14 days led to vessel occlusion with an atherosclerotic-like lesion, with thrombus and neointima containing neovessels, macrophages, matrix, and lipids. Y1 or Y5 recep...
The Basis for Attribution in the Canon of Eliza Haywood

Eliza Haywood (1693 – 1756) has gained more critical attention in recent years, but the bibliographical foundations for her canon largely remain unquestioned. Patrick Spedding, in his heavily documented 2004 bibliography, lists 72 works as ‘certainly by Haywood’. Of these 72 items, 42 were published during just seven years, from 1723 to 1729 inclusive. This represents some 330 sheets, equivalent to more than 5000 pages in octavo. Did Haywood really write all these texts? What is the basis for their attribution? The texts in Spedding’s bibliography are attributed to Haywood on the basis of a wide variety of types of evidence, and Spedding’s bibliography does not account for any measure of doubt in each attribution case: works are either by Haywood, or they are not. In this article, I will argue that 29 out of Spedding’s 72 works are attributed based on less than satisfactory evidence -- including Bath-Intrigues (1724), The Opera of Operas (1733), and The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless (1751). I am focusing primarily on external evidence, rather than internal, and I am purposely looking at the evidence skeptically in order to re-assess its validity. In many cases there may be suggestive internal evidence or biographical parallels that point towards Haywood as a likely author, but in the absence of solid proof such attributions must be considered warily. I am not suggesting that we de-attribute these works, but rather that we need to be more cautious in considering Haywood’s authorship as certain. If we are to regard Haywood as an important writer whose works deserve close scrutiny, we need to be more scrupulous about the evidence we use to determine what she wrote, and to acknowledge degrees of confidence and doubt.
Re-imagining the sustainability narrative in US cities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how US cities are communicating a sustainability narrative. Based on an analysis, cities are using a sustainability narrative focusing on environmental sustainability and consumption. Critical theory is introduced as a means to imagine alternative narratives. Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory in nature, this study relied on qualitative media analysis to analyze documents and images gathered from 22 US city websites. Critical theory is then introduced to provide a conceptual way forward from the status quo narrative form. Findings – Cities are utilizing environmental narratives largely, rather than including social and economic interests inherent within holistic sustainability practices. Moreover, cities are promoting sustainability as consumption, a practice that is inherently not sustainable. Critical theory explains that marketers are relying on the “status quo” when it comes to crafting a sustainability narrative. Practical implications – Destin...
A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the US Southwest.

R. Kyle Bocinsky, Timothy Kohler. (2014). A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the US Southwest. Nature Communications 5:5618. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6618.
Medical licensure examination scores: relationship to obstetrics and gynecology examination scores.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We studied the correlations between both Step 1 and Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) and the National Board of Medical Examiners Obstetrics and Gynecology Examination (NBME-OB/GYN). METHODS: From July 1994 until June 2001, all third-year medical students at Texas Tech University Health Center at Amarillo were studied. The scores from the first attempts for the three examinations were obtained. We investigated for correlations between the examination scores and the score extremes. RESULTS: A total of 258 students were evaluated. The mean USMLE Step 1 score was 203.7; mean score for Step 2 was 205.0. The NBME-OB/GYN final examination was 86.0. We found linear correlations between the NBME-OB/GYN and the USMLE Step 1 (r = .463, P CONCLUSION: Both USMLE Steps 1 and 2 correlated with the NBME-OB/GYN scores, as well as with each other. Students failing either the USMLE Step 1 or NBME-OB/GYN were more likely to fail the USMLE Step 2. The use of this information could predict students at risk for low scores on future examinations.
Telerobotic surgery: stable force feedback with time delay

A master-slave telerobotic surgery system has been developed in Human Machine Systems Lab at MIT. This system is composed of a master-slave telerobotic system, a two-way video/audio transmission link, a control data link, and a laparoscopic surgery simulation platform. With video, audio and force feedback, a surgeon can conduct telelaparoscopic surgery for a remote 'patient' by means of the master-slave telerobotic system. However, the force feedback can go unstable when the communication time delay of the control data link is larger than roughly 0.2 seconds. Therefore designing a stable force feedback control becomes an important issue for a telerobotic surgery system. This paper proposes a new approach to achieve stable force reflecting teleoperation control under time delay -- fuzzy sliding control (FSC). FSC is based on the conventional fuzzy control and sliding mode control both of which have been proven robust and stable. The design methodology of FSC includes the following major parts: a fuzzy sliding control law, rule tuning in the phase plane, and soft boundary layer tuning. FSC can easily be modified and applied to deal with the uncertainties and human interactions in teleoperation. In our research, a novel control structure which consists of FSC and a fuzzy supervisor has been implemented in our high bandwidth master-slave telerobotic system. It has been shown that this approach has stable force reflection and good tracking accuracy for loop delays up to 2 seconds. Experiment results are described in the paper.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Relativity in the Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses accurate, stable atomic clocks in satellites and on the ground to provide world-wide position and time determination. These clocks have gravitational and motional frequency shifts which are so large that, without carefully accounting for numerous relativistic effects, the system would not work. This paper discusses the conceptual basis, founded on special and general relativity, for navigation using GPS. Relativistic principles and effects which must be considered include the constancy of the speed of light, the equivalence principle, the Sagnac effect, time dilation, gravitational frequency shifts, and relativity of synchronization. Experimental tests of relativity obtained with a GPS receiver aboard the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite will be discussed. Recently frequency jumps arising from satellite orbit adjustments have been identified as relativistic effects. These will be explained and some interesting applications of GPS will be discussed.
CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF TUMORS IN OYSTERS BY A MIXTURE OF AROMATIC AND CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, AMINES AND METALS

Abstract Tumors were induced in eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, an aromatic amine, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, a nitrosoamine and heavy metals. Kidney and enteric tumors developed in oysters following exposure to a mixture containing 3,4-benzopyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, 2-aminofluorene. N-nitrosodiethylamine, technical chlordane, Aroclors 1242 and 1254, p.p'DDE, cadmium (CdCl2), chromium (K2CrO4) and lead (Pb(NO3)2). The chemical concentrations added to a reference sediment from Long Island Sound were 1 x and 10 x the measured level in sediment from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport. Connecticut (normalized for total organic carbon and acid volatile sulfide content for organic and inorganic compounds, respectively). 2-Aminoflourene and N-nitrosodiethylamine, not measured in BRH sediment, were both added at 0·6 and 6·0 μ/g dry sediment. A 3% prevalence of low-grade renal and gastrointestinal tumors developed after 30 days in oysters fed water-column suspended sediment particulate spiked with the mixture of chemicals. Disease progression was most advanced in enteric adenomas. Both types are comparable to those produced after 30 days in the same organs by chemically contaminated Black Rock Harbor sediment. The action of chemical pollutants reported here represents initial findings in a series of studies designed to test sediment contaminants as causal factors for tumors in oysters.
2H and 13C NMR study of guest molecule orientation in clathrate hydrates

At relatively high temperatures (200–270K), clathrate hydrate cages achieve their full crystallographic symmetry because of time averaging of different cage configurations which exist because of disorder in the water molecule orientations. The average orientation of guest molecules in the cages can be obtained from the NMR spectrum, in case of spin 1/2 nuclei from the nuclear shielding tensor, in case of spin 1 nuclei from the quadrupole coupling tensor. Guest molecules studied include carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulphide, methyl-d3 fluoride, methyl-d3 chloride, methyl-d3 bromide, ethane-d6, acetylene-d2 in the structure I hydrates, and methyl-d3 iodide in the structure II hydrate.
Molecular characterization and cytogenetic analysis of highly repeated DNAs of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush

The chromosomes of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) contain a considerable amount of heterochromatin located at the centromeres and/or telomeres of several chromosomes, including a sex-specific block located distally on the X chromosome. In order to investigate further the repetitive DNAs of lake trout, genomic DNA from a female was size fractionated (<600 bp) with the restriction endonuclease AluI and fragments were cloned into the bacteriophage M13. A total of 42 clones were isolated. Relative copy number of individual inserts within the lake trout genome was estimated by Southern analysis. Twelve clones were determined to be highly repetitive and were chosen for further investigation. Inserts of these clones contained sequences similar to the AluI/RsaI, EcoRI/DraI, DraI/BstEII, and MboI/BglII families reported from Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). The chromosomal location of several of these fragments was determined in lake trout by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Two related AluI/RsaI sequences (Type A, ∼ 140 bp, and Type B, ∼ 120 bp) showed differential hybridization. Type A hybridized to the centromeres of all metacentric as well as several acrocentric chromosomes. Type B hybridized to the centromeres of most acrocentric chromosomes. A sequence with homology to the EcoRI/DraI family hybridized to the centromeres of several acrocentric chromosomes. Sequences with partial similarity to the DraI/BstEII family hybridized to the major rDNA sites (nucleolar organizer regions, NORs) and several minor telomeric sites. The interstitial and telomeric heterochromatin of lake trout, including that of the X chromosome, appears to comprise sequences belonging to the MboI/BglII family.
Relation of the oxidoreduction level of electron carriers to ion transport in slices of avian salt gland.

Abstract 1. A study has been made of the effects on electron carriers of agents which simultaneously affect respiration and ion transport in avian salt-gland slices. 2. Ouabain caused changes in the oxidoreduction state of the electron carriers which were consistent with a transition of the mitochondria of the slices towards State 4. 3. Methacholine caused reduction of all the electron carriers examined, in medium containing 5 mM K+. The reduction of cytochromes was reversed by ouabain and so appears to be related to the stimulation of ion transport by methacholine. 4. The reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides induced by methacholine was not inhibited by ouabain or by iodoacetate. It was inhibited by 3 agents which also prevent the succinate-dependent reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides in the slices-malonate, dicoumarol and a K+-free medium. 5. It is suggested that methacholine has 2 different effects in the slices: (a) stimulation of ion transport with consequent release of phosphate acceptor and transition of the mitochondria towards State 3; (b) stimulation of a reaction leading to reduction of nicotinamide nucleotides which is not related to an effect on ion transport. The latter reaction may be the reversal of electron transfer.
Quantitation of human leukocyte proteins after silver staining: A study with two-dimensional electrophoresis

The quantitative attributes of human leukocyte proteins detected by silver staining two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels were studied by using computerassisted data analysis. Experiments included (a) analysis of replicate patterns of the same sample, (b) analysis of different dilutions of the same sample, and (c) analysis of samples from different individuals. Over 200 proteins were observed to have coefficients of variation (CV) less than or equal to 15 % when data from replicate patterns were analyzed. In contrast, 8 proteins had CV values of less than or equal to 15 % when data from different samples were analyzed. The dilution experiment showed that a majority of the proteins detected with some consistency (i.e., observed in at least 80 % of the patterns) have a linear relationship between the amount of protein loaded onto a 2-DE gel and the spot volume in the final 2-DE pattern. The slope of the curves and the deviation from linearity were found to be quite protein-specific. These results indicate that optimization of sample purity and minimization of staining protocol variables are required to limit the background quantitative variability between and within 2-DE runs to a level that will allow detection of quantitative changes indicative of biological responses.
Probing a Nonprecipitating Cold Front with Doppler Weather Radar

Abstract The utility of Doppler radar to study boundary-layer kinematics of a weak nonprecipitating cold front in Oklahoma on 16 October 1987 was examined with measurements from two radars. Diagnosis was impeded by operation at low antenna elevation angles, short radar ranges, and low signal-to-noise ratios. Further, kinematic parameters computed by single-radar velocity-azimuth-display (VAD) technique for meteorological wavelengths <125 km were significantly smoothed (more than 50% attenuated). Meteorological scales ≥5 km were well resolved (less than 50% attenuated) in wind fields synthesized from dual-Doppler radar observations, but derived parameters were particularly sensitive to the vertical extrapolation of radial velocity measurements in the presence of strong vertical wind shear. Nonetheless, radar-derived wind flows depicted a sequence of events consistent with other instrumentation. In the vicinity of the front, mean-flow divergence, vertical velocity, and deformation, computed from single-rada...
ERCP in evaluation and diagnosis of choledochal cyst: report of five cases

Interet de la cholangiopancreatographie retrograde endoscopique pour verifier l'integrite des voies biliaires et pancreatiques, la presence ou l'absence de lithiase et les anomalies possibles de la jonction pancreaticobiliaire
Fimbrin and Tropomyosin Competition Regulates Endocytosis and Cytokinesis Kinetics in Fission Yeast

Summary Background Tropomyosin is an important actin filament-stabilizing protein that controls the access of other essential proteins to filaments, including myosin motors, Arp2/3 complex, formin, and cofilin. It is therefore critical to establish mechanisms for regulating the actin filament binding of tropomyosin. We examined how the actin filament crosslinking protein fimbrin Fim1p and tropomyosin Cdc8p affect each other's ability to bind filaments, localize to particular cellular structures, and regulate filament severing by cofilin Adf1p in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . Results We discovered a novel mechanism for regulating actin filament dynamics in fission yeast. Fim1p inhibits Cdc8p binding to actin filaments in vitro, which permits Adf1p-mediated severing in the presence of Cdc8p. In cells, the balance between Fim1p and Cdc8p is important for both endocytic actin patch kinetics and contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis. High Fim1p concentrations prevent Cdc8p from associating with actin patches, allowing rapid patch turnover and motility. In the absence of Fim1p, ectopic localization of Cdc8p to actin patches increases patch lifetime while decreasing patch motility. Fim1p and Cdc8p also play antagonistic roles during cytokinesis, in which the deletion of Fim1p rescues the contractile ring assembly defects caused by mutation of Cdc8p. Conclusion Fimbrin Fim1p dissociates tropomyosin Cdc8p from actin filaments, permitting cofilin Adf1p-mediated severing. Therefore, we propose that in addition to actin filament crosslinking, Fim1p has a novel role as a positive actin-binding "selector" protein that promotes the access of other proteins to actin filaments by inhibiting Cdc8p.
Some comments on numerical methods for chaos problems

Hamiltonian systems with chaotic regions are particularly slippery to treat numerically. Numerical treatments can introduce nonphysical features. Simple examples illustrate some of the pitfalls. Integer, or discrete, arithmetic is a favorite ”workaround.” While it does not cure chaos, it clarifies the interaction of computational methods with the underlying mathematical structure.
Thermochemistry of Fluoride Perovskites: Heat Capacity, Enthalpy of Formation, and Phase Transition of NaMgF3

The enthalpies of formation, heat content, heat capacity, and transition of NaMgF3perovskite have been determined. A new high temperature calorimetric methodology has been applied for the enthalpy of formation measurements. The heat content and heat of formation measurements were done using a “hybrid calorimeter” built recently in our laboratory. For the heat capacity measurements, a Netzsch 404 high-temperature differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) has been used. The enthalpy of formation from the binary fluorides at 298 K is −15.76±2.46 kJ/mol, and that from the elements is −1716.51±2.8 kJ/mol. The measured heat capacities between 313 and 1153 K show aλ-anomaly with a transition at 1051 K. The presence of one peak supports a recent X-ray study which concluded that the crystal structure transforms from the orthorhombicPbnmphase directly to the cubicPm3mphase. The enthalpy of transformation is 2.3±0.03 kJ/mol. The heat content values measured by transposed temperature drop calorimetry are in agreement with those calculated by graphical integration of the experimental heat capacity data obtained by DSC.
Nd and Sr isotopic study of volcanic rocks from Japan

Two older granitic rocks and some selected Quaternary volcanic rocks from the Japanese Islands were analyzed in a reconnaissance study for the purpose of examining the relationships between Nd and Sr isotopic abundances and the megatectonic structure around the Japanese Islands. Model ages of ∼0.9 AE were determined by the Nd and Sr methods on a Paleozoic gneiss which confirms that a relatively ancient acidic basement exists in the Japanese Islands. The Nd and Sr isotopic data show that the Cretaceous granodiorite is the result of partial melting of older crust. The Nd of tholeiitic rocks from the Izu arc gives e_(Nd) ranging from 8.3 to 9.3 and with the corresponding e_(Sr) from −14.5 to −18.5. These results are identical to those found for the Mariana arc. These values are distinctly lower than typical MORB by around 1∼2 eu. This difference in e_(Nd) between arcs and MORB is attributed to the contribution of oceanic sediments to the partial melts produced during subduction of oceanic crust. The Hakone volcano is clearly confirmed as belonging to an oceanic source by Nd isotopic results. e_(Sr)-e_(Nd) values of the volcanics from a section along the Fossa Magna show a clear indication that they are a blend of oceanic mantle material and continental crustal material. The crustal component clearly increases in going from south to north. Volcanics across the Northeast Japan arc also show a distinct correlation of e_(Sr)-e_(Nd) related to the position relative to the active subduction zone but with the opposite trend. These relationships of the present isotopic pattern and the zonal arrangement relative to the subduction zone suggest the former existence of a local spreading center in the Japan Sea. In general there appear to be regular isotopic relationships between the Izu-Mariana oceanic island arc and the continental island arc of Japan which indicates that partially melted or assimilated older continental basement is admixed with young rising oceanic arc magmas.
Meeting the needs of chronically ill people

Papers pp 962, 968 See also Primary care p 970 This special issue of the BMJ and this month's issue of the Western Journal of Medicine once again focus on the needs of patients with chronic illness, on the advances in clinical and behavioural management, and on the challenges of assuring that patients receive optimal care. Achieving such optimal care challenges both patients and their care givers. This is especially so in developing countries, which are facing rapid increases in the prevalences of major chronic diseases. Evidence based care for many chronic illnesses requires increasingly complicated drug regimens, ongoing support of self management, and close monitoring. Articles in this week's BMJ describe modern management for coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and anticoagulation therapy. They emphasise that achieving the best possible outcomes depends on competent self management and decision making by patients, as well as clinical treatments. But audits and surveys …
ELASTIC–PLASTIC CRACK ANALYSIS USING A GLOBAL–LOCAL APPROACH ON A PARALLEL COMPUTER

A global-local finite-element analysis procedure is employed to solve elastoplastic crack problems. This procedure involves a global analysis using a coarse mesh and the subsequent locally refined analysis of a number of subregions. Parallel computation is involved in the local analyses. Numerical examples are performed on a MIMD parallel computer to demonstrate the time-saving capability of the proposed procedure.
Ferroportin mutations: a tale of two phenotypes

Comment on Schimanski et al, page [4096][1] Ferroportin disease is becoming recognized as the most common form of hereditary iron overload after HFE hemochromatosis, but explanations for its autosomal dominant inheritance and heterogeneous clinical presentation have been elusive. Schimanski and
Toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice are resistant to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension

ABSTRACTCurrent data suggest that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key molecule in the innate immune response, may also be activated following tissue injury. Activation of this receptor is known to induce the production of several proinflammatory cytokines. Given that pulmonary inflammation has been shown to be a key contributor to chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, the authors hypothesized that TLR4-deficient mice would be less susceptible to pulmonary hypertension (PH) as compared to mice with intact TLR4. TLR4-deficient and TLR4-intact strains of inbred mice were exposed to 4, 8, and 16 weeks of hypoxia (0.10 FiO2) or normoxia (0.21 FiO2) in a normobaric chamber. After chronic hypoxic exposure, TLR4-intact mice developed significant PH evidenced by increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary artery medial thickening. In contrast, TLR4-deficient mice had no significant change in any of these parameters and this was associated with decreas...
Centrally and peripherally administered bombesin decreases food intake in turkeys.

Abstract The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intravenous injections of bombesin (BBS) on food intake were investigated in turkeys. Adult turkey hens were injected ICV with 50 to 1000 ng of BBS. In addition, the effect of pretreatment with the BBS antagonist [d-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P was investigated. To determine if BBS also had a peripheral site of action, 0.5 to 8 μg/kg body weight of BBS was injected IV into turkey poults. The ICV and IV injections of BBS decreased food and water intake in a dose-dependent manner. The most efficacious doses when injected ICV for decreasing food and water intake were 1000 and 500 ng, respectively, whereas 8 μg/kg was most efficacious in decreasing food intake when administered IV. The satiating effect of ICV-injected BBS could be attenuated with pretreatment with the BBS antagonist. The results of these studies suggest that BBS acts to decrease food and water intake in both the periphery and the central nervous systems of turkeys.
Population change and its implications for wildlife management in the New West: A case study of Colorado

Abstract Dramatic change is affecting wildlife management in the Rocky Mountain states. Evidence of this change is seen in new, “nontraditional”; interest groups who have become effective in influencing wildlife decisions. In a case study of Colorado, this paper examines four elements of population change that may be related to the changing climate for wildlife management in the West. Population increase has led to growing numbers of traditional consumptive recreationists using a diminishing land base. Also, population increase has been accompanied by growing participation in other outdoor activities and more contact and conflict between traditional and nontraditional recreationists. Migration to Colorado does not appear to have caused an influx of “new”; values; the wildlife value orientations of long‐term and short‐term residents are similar. Values do appear to be changing across generations. Compared to older age groups, younger age groups are more likely to be positive toward wildlife rights and wild...
Benzoannelation of Ketones: 3,4-Cyclododeceno-1-Methylbenzene

Benzoannelation of ketones: 3,4-cyclododeceno-1-methylbenzene reactant: Methallyl chloride, 64.6 mL (0.65 mol,) reactant: 12.6 g (60.0 mmol) of 2-(hydroxymethylene)cyclododecanone product: 3,4-Cyclododeceno-1-methylbenzene. Keywords: addition, to CO; annulation, carbocyclic-[M,N]; arylation; cyclization, condensation; Grignard and related reactions; protection, oxygen; silylation; ethyl formate; methallyl chloride, drying; methallyl chloride, cancer suspect agent
Linquistic indices of truthful and deceptive responses to employment interview questions

This study was designed to investigate the effects of question tense (past, present, future, and conditional) on intentionally deceptive and truthful responses to questions asked during employment interviews. The results from the multiple discriminant analyses identified 6 variables which differentiated between truthful and deceptive messages and 19 variables which differentiated between the four temporal conditions. Future research should be conducted with caution to control for the potential affects of verb tense and question difficulty.
nanoHUB.org: Advancing Education and Research in Nanotechnology

In 2002, the National Science Foundation established the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), a network of universities supporting the National Nanotechnology Initiative by bringing computational tools online, making the tools easy to use, and supporting the tools with educational materials. Along the way, NCN created a unique cyberinfrastructure to support its Web site, nanoHUB.org, where researchers, educators, and professionals collaborate, share resources, and solve real nanotechnology problems. In 2007, nanoHUB.org served more than 56,000 users from 172 countries. In this article, the authors share their experiences in developing this cyberinfrastructure and using it, particularly in an educational context.
The role of the mucus gel layer in intestinal bacterial translocation.

Abstract The mucus gel layer is thought to be a vital component of the intestinal mucosal barrier. The purpose of this study is to determine if decreasing mucus production following ischemia and reoxygenation of the intestinal mucosa would alter bacterial translocation in an in vitro rat mucosal model. Clonidine was used to decrease mucus production associated with an ischemia/reoxygenation insult. Bacterial translocation was studied in a modified Ussing chamber using Escherichia coli K 100. The quantity of mucus produced, as well as the incidence and quantity of bacteria translocating was measured. In the clonidine-treated animals, there was a significant decrease in the amount of mucus produced compared to the control animals. The clonidine animals also had a higher quantity of bacteria translocating during the reoxygenation period compared to the control animals. The mucus gel layer is protective against in vitro translocation of bacteria following an ischemia/reoxygenation insult.
The Chain is Only as Strong as the Weakest Link: Older Adult Migration and the First Move

Objectives: This research article tests Litwak and Longino’s first-move hypothesis by taking chain migration into account. Besides adding to the body of literature examining later-life migration an...
It was twenty years ago today ...

To mark the 20th anniversary of the (14 Aug 1991) commencement of hep-th@xxx.this http URL (now arXiv.org), I've adapted this article from one that first appeared in Physics World (2008), was later reprinted (with permission) in Learned Publishing (2009), but never appeared in arXiv. I trace some historical context and early development of the resource, its later trajectory, and close with some thoughts about the future. This version is closer to my original draft, with some updates for this occasion, plus an astounding $2^5$ added footnotes.
Purification and characterization of yeast mitochondrial initiation factor 2.

Abstract Yeast mitochondrial initiation factor 2 (ymIF2) is encoded by the nuclear IFM1 gene. A His-tagged version of ymIF2, lacking its predicted mitochondrial presequence, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Purified ymIF2 bound both E. coli fMet-tRNAfMet and Met-tRNAfMet, but binding of formylated initiator tRNA was about four times higher than that of the unformylated species under the same conditions. In addition, the isolated ymIF2 was compared to E. coli IF2 in four other assays commonly used to characterize this initiation factor. Formylated and nonformylated Met-tRNAfMet were bound to E. coli 30S ribosomal subunits in the presence of ymIF2, GTP, and a short synthetic mRNA. The GTPase activity of ymIF2 was found to be dependent on the presence of E. coli ribosomes. The ymIF2 protected fMet-tRNAfMet to about the same extent as E. coli IF2 against nonenzymatic deaminoacylation. In contrast to E. coli IF2, the complex formed between ymIF2 and fMet-tRNAfMet was not stable enough to be analyzed in a gel shift assay. In similarity to other IF2 species isolated from bacteria or bovine mitochondria, the N-terminal domain could be eliminated without loss of initiator tRNA binding activity.
Identification and localization of ryanodine binding proteins in the avian central nervous system

Abstract Ryanodine binding proteins of the CNS have been identified using monoclonal antibodies against avian skeletal muscle ryanodine binding proteins. These proteins were localized to intracellular membranes of the dendrites, perikarya, and axons of cerebellar Purkinje neurons using laser confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Ryanodine binding proteins were not found in dendritic spines. Immunoprecipitation and [3H]epiryanodine binding experiments revealed that the cerebellar ryanodine binding proteins have a native molecular weight of ∼2000 kd and are composed of two high molecular weight ∼500 kd) polypeptide subunits. A comparable protein having a single high molecular weight polypeptide subunit was observed in the remainder of the brain. If the ryanodine binding proteins in muscle and nerve are similar in function, then the neuronal proteins may participate in the release of calcium from intracellular stores that are mechanistically and spatially distinct from those gated by inositol trisphosphate receptors.
Tylopilus alkalixanthus, a new species of Boletaceae from Costa Rica and Japan

Tylopilus alkalixanthus is described from the Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica. At the present time it is known only from Costa Rica and Japan.
Ethanol Modulates Metastatic Potential of B16BL6 Melanoma and Host Responses

The experimental metastatic potential (lung-colonizing ability) of B16BL6 melanoma cells was examined in C57BL/6 mice after exposure to ethanol in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, tumor cells were cultured with ethanol (0.3% v/v), or medium alone, for three passages at 5-day intervals. In vivo, B16BL6 melanoma was exposed to ethanol by administering ethanol (10% or 20% w/v) to mice following subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells into the dorsal hip. All tumor cells were subsequently inoculated intravenously into the lateral tail vein of water-drinking mice to assess changes in metastatic phenotype. Tumor cells cocultured in vivo with ethanol produced significantly higher numbers of superficial lung colonies, compared with tumor cells cultured in control medium. Experimental metastasis of tumor cells obtained from 20% w/v ethanol-consuming mice was also significantly increased, compared with cells obtained from water-drinking mice. Metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cells previously obtained from mice consuming 10% w/v ethanol did not differ from controls. In other experiments, water-drinking and ethanol-consuming (2.5%, 10%, and 20% w/v) mice were inoculated subcutaneously into the dorsal hip with B16BL6 melanoma cells, and monitored for tumor growth rate and survival time. In these experiments, survival times were significantly shorter in mice consuming 20% ethanol, compared with all other groups. Subcutaneous tumor growth rate was unaffected by ethanol consumption. Lung metastasis resulting from subcutaneous tumor implantation of B16BL6 melanoma was respectively inhibited, or absent, in 10% and 20% ethanol-consuming groups. Thus, tumor growth rate and incidence of lung metastases were not apparent determinants of decreased survival in 20% ethanol-consuming mice. The results of this study indicate that the experimental metastatic potential of B16BL6 melanoma is increased during exposure to ethanol; however, metastasis from subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice is suppressed. This latter finding is consistent with previous results in which spontaneous metastasis was also suppressed after inoculation of the tumor into the pinna of the ear. Although ethanol increases the ability of B16BL6 melanoma to colonize the lung after intravenous inoculation, this effect is abated in the presence of host factors in ethanol-consuming mice.
Miniature wideband UHF circularly polarized antenna using textured dielectric loading

Use of high permittivity dielectrics in antenna design reduces the operating frequency but also introduces side effects such as lower gain and bandwidth. To provide an optimal compromise between size, gain and bandwidth, the paper presents a miniaturization scheme for a 15 cm (6 inch) square circularly polarized (CP), cavity-backed antenna using textured dielectric loading and a folded metallic strip feed. The proposed design has an operational frequency of 400-600 MHz, implying a linear size of 0.2/spl lambda//sub 0/ to 0.3/spl lambda//sub 0/. The challenge for a small size antenna design is to increase bandwidth while retaining a gain of 2-4 dBi. By carefully positioning high permittivity textured dielectrics within the aperture in conjunction with shape design, we show that bandwidth and gain are retained as compared to similar sized antennas in the literature. Our final design shows that the developed miniature UHF antenna is at least half the size of the best available. Concurrently, it delivers a remarkable 23% bandwidth with an equally remarkable gain of /spl sim/4 dBi. Validation/measured data for a prototype design are included.
Adaptation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins to New World Monkey Receptors

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection encounters an early block in the cells of New World monkeys because the CD4 receptor does not efficiently support HIV-1 entry. We adapted HIV-1(NL4-3) and HIV-1(KB9), two HIV-1 variants with different envelope glycoproteins, to replicate efficiently in cells expressing the CD4 and CXCR4 proteins of the common marmoset, a New World monkey. The HIV-1(NL4-3) adaptation involves three gp120 changes that result in a specific increase in affinity for the marmoset CD4 glycoprotein. The already high affinity of the HIV-1(KB9) envelope glycoproteins for marmoset CD4 did not significantly change as a result of the adaptation. Instead, changes in the gp120 variable loops and gp41 ectodomain resulted in improved replication in cells expressing the marmoset receptors. HIV-1(KB9) became relatively sensitive to neutralization by soluble CD4 and antibodies as a result of the adaptation. These results demonstrate the distinct mechanistic pathways by which the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins can adapt to less-than-optimal CD4 molecules and provide HIV-1 variants that can overcome some of the early blocks in New World monkey cells.
Reactions of 2‐aminopyridine with picryl halides

2-Aminopyridine reacts with picryl halides to give mixtures of 1-picryl-2-(N-picrylimino)-1,2-dihydropyridine and 2-(N-picrylamino)pyridine. When picryl fluoride is treated with an excess of 2-aminopyridine, the 1-picryl-2-(N-picrylimino)-1,2-dihydropyridine reacts further with 2-aminopyridine to yield two molecules of 2-(N-picrylamino)pyridine in a reaction catalyzed by the by-product, hydrogen fluoride. In contrast, the compositions of the mixtures obtained from the reactions of picryl chloride and picryl bromide with excess 2-aminopyridine are stable in their reaction media.
Transport of Cytoplasmically Synthesized Proteins into Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are metabolically complex organelles that participate in a diverse array of biochemical processes in addition to their well known role in photosynthesis. Consistent with their functional complexity, chloroplasts are structurally complex organelles. They possess three different lipid bilayer membranes enclosing three different aqueous compartments (Figure 1). Each membrane and each aqueous compartment has a unique set of proteins and enzyme activities that reflect their respective functions. Because the plastid genome has a limited coding capacity, most chloroplastic proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytoplasm as higher molecular weight precursors (Figure 1). The extra region of peptide is present at the amino terminus of a precursor, and is called a transit peptide because of its importance in directing the precursor into chloroplasts. Understanding how these precursor proteins are targeted from the cytoplasm to their proper location within chloroplasts is a major challenge and recent progress in this effort is briefly reviewed in this paper. This subject has been the topic of several reviews in recent years and readers should consult them for further details (de Boer and Weisbeek, 1991; Cline and Henry, 1996; Fuks and Schnell, 1997; Gray and Row, 1995; Kouranov and Schnell, 1996; Lubeck et al., 1997; Schnell, 1995; Theg and Scott, 1993).
Case 2: Generalized Anasarca in 15-year-old Girl With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

1. William T. Myers, MD* 2. Kupper A. Wintergerst, MD* 3. Suzanne E. Kingery, MD* 4. Michael B. Foster, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. A 15-year-old girl with a history of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with a 4-day history of generalized swelling. She initially noticed bilateral lower extremity edema and right-sided facial swelling that subsequently progressed to include both sides of her face, her abdomen, pelvis, and labia. She also reports a 9-lb (3.54-kg) weight gain. She denies pain, fever, vomiting, loose stools, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Current medications include insulin glargine and insulin aspart. She has only become compliant with this therapy in the past week. On physical examination, the teen’s weight is 51 kg (41st percentile), height is 155 cm (13th percentile), and body mass index is 20.1 (54th percentile). Her vital signs are within normal limits. She is in no acute distress. She has mild facial edema, moderate abdominal distention without …
Spatial and temporal processing for functional imaging probes

Functional imaging probes can help surgeons to accurately locate residual tumors for a complete destruction of malignant tissues with minimal damage to healthy ones that can lead to better patient survival and recovery. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the combination of spatial and temporal processing could yield image frames with a fast update rate and good image quality for superior tumor detection performance. In this work, we further investigate more advanced spatial and temporal processing methods for functional imaging probes. Total variation (TV) based methods are used for spatial denoising and compared with Gaussian smoothing. For temporal processing, the key component of motion estimation is studied using both conventional energy-based and new TV-L1 norm based optical flow methods. Applied on Poisson noise corrupted projection images, TV based spatial denoising methods demonstrate superior performance over Gaussian smoothing, whereas the energy-based motion estimation method seems to work better than TV-L1 norm based method. More thorough investigations are needed to confirm these findings and to obtain the processing strategy for the optimal imaging performance of functional imaging probes.
Wandering Greeks: The Ancient Greek Diaspora from the Age of Homer to the Death of Alexander the Great. By Robert Garland. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. Pp. 319. $35.00.)

This is indeed a “vivid and empathetic” book in which the author navigates both historical and literary sources, which have been interwoven into a narrative that is thematically organized by types ...
Structure and Reactivity of X-ray Amorphous Uranyl Peroxide, U2O7

Recent accidents resulting in worker injury and radioactive contamination occurred due to pressurization of uranium yellowcake drums produced in the western U.S.A. The drums contained an X-ray amorphous reactive form of uranium oxide that may have contributed to the pressurization. Heating hydrated uranyl peroxides produced during in situ mining can produce an amorphous compound, as shown by X-ray powder diffraction of material from impacted drums. Subsequently, studtite, [(UO2)(O2)(H2O)2](H2O)2, was heated in the laboratory. Its thermal decomposition produced a hygroscopic anhydrous uranyl peroxide that reacts with water to release O2 gas and form metaschoepite, a uranyl-oxide hydrate. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the most stable U2O7 conformer consists of two bent (UO2)(2+) uranyl ions bridged by a peroxide group bidentate and parallel to each uranyl ion, and a μ2-O atom, resulting in charge neutrality. A pair distribution function from neutron total scattering supports this structural model, as do (1)H- and (17)O-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The reactivity of U2O7 in water and with water in air is higher than that of other uranium oxides, and this can be both hazardous and potentially advantageous in the nuclear fuel cycle.
Heated Discharge from Flume into Tank

Information obtained in laboratory experiments is given on the physical processes producing temperature and velocity distributions when heated water is discharged from a channel into a wide, deep impoundment. Both the outlet channel and the receiving tank in the experiments had rectangular cross-sections, but the tank was more than 10 times wider and deeper than the channel. The tethered-sphere method was developed to measure local velocities; local temperatures were also measured and surface spreading patterns were recorded photographically. Investigated densimetric Froude numbers and Reynolds numbers at the outlet ranged from 0.6 to 7.2 and from 1,500 to 9,600, respectively.
Microstructures in Rapidly Solidified Ll2-TYPE Ni-Al-Cr Alloys

A microstructural study of the melt spun alloys Ni75Al25. Ni72.5Al22.5Cr5. and Ni67.5Al20Cr12.5 was carried out. Variations in grain morpfology; phase separation and ordering structure were observed. The results are discussed in terms of alloy stoichiometry, Cr effect on phase reaction, microsegregation of Al and the cooling rate.