cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential response to avian leukosis virus infection exhibited by two chicken lines

Abstract Infection of susceptible chickens with avian leukosis virus (ALV) results in the development of bursal lymphomas. These neoplasms develop within the bursa of Fabricius following a latent period of several months. The response exhibited by two previously uncharacterized chicken lines to ALV infection has been examined. The two lines, Hyline SC and FP, responded differently to ALV infection. During a 24-week period following intravenous ALV infection, 27 of 50 SC chickens developed bursal lymphomas. No lymphomas developed in the 36 FP chickens tested. A majority of the SC chickens that developed lymphomas also exhibited widespread metastasis to the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Analysis of cellular DNA from the primary and metastasic tumors demonstrated the clonal nature of these neoplasms and revealed altered c- myc loci, as reported in other studies, suggesting the importance of this locus in the development of these tumors. Further characterization of the ALV infection of SC and FP chickens will provide an opportunity to analyze the mechanism of resistance and to contribute to the understanding of the tumorigenic process.
A diplexer configuration composed of a three-port circulator and two reciprocal two-port networks

Abstract The paper presents a new diplexer configuration composed of an ideal three-port circulator and two reciprocal lossless two-port networks. Since the circulator provides the needed isolation, it becomes much easier to achieve the desired insertion loss at the crossover frequency, as well as the frequency shaping. We show that the diplexer with the canonical Butterworth response can always be realized. Only one of the two-ports is needed if the required insertion loss at the crossover frequency is 3 d B . The design of a diplexer composed of a circulator and two canonical Butterworth networks having low-pass and high-pass characteristics is discussed. It is shown that, in this case, the problem is simplified to that of realizing two Butterworth networks.
Analysis of Panoramic Survey

Analysis of routine panoramic radiographs showed six types of lesions in the 2,486 patients examined. In a total of 463 different types of lesions there were 645 occurrences of abnormality, the most common lesion being embedded teeth. Oral pathologic conditions that occurred in 17% of the patients gave evidence of poor dental care.
Infrared tympanic thermography in the emergency department.

Abstract The failure to diagnose hypothermic and hyperthermic states can have profound clinical implications. Thus, accurately determining body temperature is an integral component of the evaluation of all emergency department (ED) patients. Oral measurements are most commonly obtained but may not reflect core temperatures. Rectal temperatures are considered more reliable but may not reflect fluctuating core temperatures, and are dependent on site placement. The objective of this study was to determine the practicality and comparative accuracy of tympanic thermographic measurements in the ED. Oral, rectal and tympanic readings were compared in 411 patients. There were significant differences when comparing tympanic to oral ( R 2 =0.599, P =0.0001) and rectal to oral ( R 2 =0.554, P = 0.0001) temperatures. In contrast, the correlation between tympanic and rectal measurements was R 2 =0.805, with no significant difference between the two, ( P =0.7077). No complications associated with the use of the tympanic probe were detected. Infrared tympanic thermography is an efficient and noninvasive technique for accurately measuring the temperature of ED patients.
Oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels

Abstract A thermal analyzer–differential scanning calorimeter–mass spectrometer (TG–DSC–MS) was used to study oxygen carriers (OC) for their potential use for the application of chemical looping combustion (CLC) to solid fuels. Reaction rates, changes in reaction rates with repeated oxidation–reductions, exothermic heats during oxidation, and the effect of changing reduction gas compositions were studied. Oxidation rates were greater than reduction rates and reaction rates were reproducible through multiple oxidation–reduction cycles except where agglomeration occurred with powders. Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 powder) and iron-based catalysts were found suitable for CLC of solid fuels having rapid reduction rates which increased with higher reducing gas concentrations. Fe 2 O 3 powder was used to oxidize a high carbon coal char in an inert gas removing 88% of the carbon from the char. Other properties such as cost and durability indicated iron oxide OCs potential use for CLC of solid fuels.
Pediatric bipolar disorder and ADHD: Family history comparison in the LAMS clinical sample

Background Transgenerational association of bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported, but inconclusively.
Analysis of low Reynolds number separation bubbles using semiempirical methods

The formation and growth of transitional separation bubbles can significantly affect boundary-layer development on airfoils operating at low chord Reynolds numbers. Of primary concern is the change in boundary-layer thickness between laminar separation and turbulent reattachment. This can be estimated using semiempirical methods, such as the one devised by Horton (1968), which are based on solutions to the integral forms of the boundary-layer equations. The applicability of these methods at low Reynolds numbers was investigated using hot-wire measurements of bubbles formed on an NACA 66(3)-018 airfoil at chord Reynolds numbers of 50,000-200,000. The momentum thickness growth between separation and transition was found to be similar to that predicted for a laminar half-jet and appears to be influenced by the momentum thickness Reynolds number at separation. This parameter also was found to have a noticeable effect on the Reynolds number based on the length of a bubble's laminar portion.
Counterpropagation Neural Network Model for Steel Girder Bridge Structures

Bridge rating is based on the method of design: working stress design (WSD) or load factor design (LFD). A large number of older bridges were rated based on the WSD code. These WSD-based bridge ratings now have to be converted to the LFD-based rating. The LFD-based rating of steel bridges requires a detailed description of the steel girder’s geometric properties, which may not be available. In this article, a counterpropagation neural network model is presented for estimating the detailed section properties of steel bridge girders needed in the LFD-based rating based on the three cross-sectional properties used in the WSD-based rating of bridges: cross-section area, moment of inertia, and section modulus. It is demonstrated that, with proper training of the network using both standard wide-flange shape and representative plate girder data, the proposed model can generate the detailed section properties needed for LFD-based rating of steel bridges quite accurately. The result of this research can be used in an intelligent decision support system (IDSS) to help bridge engineers convert a WSD-based bridge rating to the LFD-based rating.
Enhancing outreach for persons with serious mental illness: 12-month results from a cluster randomized trial of an adaptive implementation strategy

Background: Few implementation strategies have been empirically tested for their effectiveness in improving uptake of evidence-based treatments or programs. This study compared the effectiveness of an immediate versus delayed enhanced implementation strategy (Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs (REP)) for providers at Veterans Health Administration (VA) outpatient facilities (sites) on improved uptake of an outreach program (Re-Engage) among sites not initially responding to a standard implementation strategy. Methods: One mental health provider from each U.S. VA site (N = 158) was initially given a REP-based package and training program in Re-Engage. The Re-Engage program involved giving each site provider a list of patients with serious mental illness who had not been seen at their facility for at least a year, requesting that providers contact these patients, assessing patient clinical status, and where appropriate, facilitating appointments to VA health services. At month 6, sites considered non-responsive (N=89, total of 3,075 patients), defined as providers updating documentation for less than <80% of patients on their list, were randomized to two adaptive implementation interventions: Enhanced REP (provider coaching; N = 40 sites) for 6 months followed by Standard REP for 6 months; versus continued Standard REP (N = 49 sites) for 6 months followed by 6 months of Enhanced REP for sites still not responding. Outcomes included patient-level Re-Engage implementation and utilization. Results: Patients from sites that were randomized to receive Enhanced REP immediately compared to Standard REP were more likely to have a completed contact (adjusted OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.09–4.19, P = 0.02). There were no differences in patient-level utilization between Enhanced and Standard REP sites.
Quantitative compound muscle action potential: summary.

The CMAP (compound muscle action potential) represents the recorded sum of all the individual muscle eber action potentials when the motor nerve to that muscle receives a supramaximal square-wave electrical stimulus, and a ‘belly-tendon’ electrode montage is used and there is standardized grounding. The CMAP, which is customarily a biphasic potential with erst a negative and then a positive phase, is used to obtain conduction velocity of motor nerves, and changes in CMAP wave forms, such as amplitude of the negative phase, area, duration, and morphological alterations (dispersion), are used to gather evidence of abnormal innervation or loss of activated muscle ebers. CMAPs can be obtained from any muscle, but the cellular organization and innervation of the muscle must be known and recording techniques standardized. 1
Experimental Heat Transfer Enhancement in Single-Phase Liquid Microchannel Cooling With Cross-Flow Synthetic Jet

The present study experimentally investigated a new hybrid cooling scheme by combination of a microchannel heat sink with a micro-synthetic jet actuator. The heat sink consisted of a single rectangular microchannel measured 550 µm wide, 500 µm deep and 26 mm long. The synthetic jet actuator with a 100 µm diameter orifice was placed right above the microchannel and 5 mm downstream from the channel inlet. Micro jet is synthesized from the fluid flowing through the microchannel. Periodic disturbance is generated when the synthetic jet interacts with the microchannel flow. Heat transfer performance is enhanced as local turbulence is generated and propagated downstream the microchannel. The scale and frequency of the disturbance can be controlled by changing the driving voltage and frequency of the piezoelectric driven synthetic jet actuator. The effects of synthetic jet on microchannel heat transfer performance were studied based on the microchannel flow Reynolds number, the jet operating voltage and frequency, respectively. It shows that the synthetic jet has a greater heat transfer enhancement for microchannel flow at lower Reynolds number. It also shows that the thermal effects of the synthetic jet are functions of the jet driving voltage and frequency. We obtained around 42% heat transfer enhancement for some test cases, whereas the pressure drop across the microchannel increases very slightly. The paper concludes that the synthetic jet can effectively enhance single-phase liquid microchannel heat transfer performance and would have more promising enhancements if multi-jets are applied along the microchannel.
Actions of U-92032, a T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist, support a functional linkage between I(T) and slow intrathalamic rhythms.

Thalamic relay neurons express high levels of T-type Ca2+ channels, which support the generation of robust burst discharges. This intrinsically mediated form of phasic spike firing is thought to be...
Key stages of mammary gland development: Molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the embryonic mammary gland

The development of the embryonic mammary gland involves communication between the epidermis and mesenchyme and is coordinated temporally and spatially by various signaling pathways. Although many more genes are likely to control mammary gland development, functional roles have been identified for Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, and parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling. This review describes what is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate embryonic mammary gland development.
Thermoelectric Bismuth Wire Array Composites

The resistance R of a high density array of 200 nm diameter wires in anodic alumina is studied experimentally. R decreases from 300 K down to 0.3 K. An anomalous drop in R was found at T<50 K. Possible explanations are considered, including one based on the onedimensional quantum size effect. Also, the large magnetoresistance is suggestive of weaklocalization effects. The implication for the thermoelectric properties is discussed.
Antigen processing and presentation: TAPping into ABC transporters

Adaptive, cell-mediated immunity involves the presentation of antigenic peptides on class I MHC molecules at the cell surface. This requires an ABC transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) to transport antigenic peptides generated in the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for loading onto class I MHC. Recent crystal structures of bacterial ABC transporters suggest how the transmembrane domains of TAP form a peptide-binding cavity that acquires peptides from the cytosol, and following ATP-induced conformational changes, the peptide-binding cavity closes to the cytosol and instead opens to the ER lumen for peptide release. Extensive biochemical studies show how transport is driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis on an asymmetric pair of cytosolic nucleotide-binding domains, which are physically coupled to the peptide-binding site to propagate conformational changes through the protein.
Dynamics of suspended sediment transport at field‐scale drain channels of irrigation‐dominated watersheds in the Sonoran Desert, southeastern California

Suspended sediment is a major source of pollution in irrigation-dominated watersheds. However, little is known about the process and mechanisms of suspended sediment transport in drain channels directly connected to agricultural fields. This paper explains sediment dynamics using averaged 5 min flow discharge Q (m 3 s � 1 ) and suspended sediment concentration C (mg l � 1 ) collected during one crop season in a small catchment containing a first-order drain channel and its connected six agricultural fields within the Salton Sea watershed. The statistical properties and average trends of Q and C were investigated for both early (i.e. November) and late (i.e. January) stages of a crop season. Further in-depth analysis on sediment dynamics was performed by selecting two typical single-field irrigation events and two multiple-field irrigation events. For each set of irrigation events, the process of suspended sediment transport was revealed by examining hydrograph and sediment graph responses. The mechanisms underlying suspended sediment transport were investigated by analysing the types of corresponding hysteresis loop. Finally, sediment rating curves for both hourly and daily data at early and late stages and for the entire crop season were established to seek possible sediment-transport predictive model(s). The study suggests that the complicated processes of suspended sediment transport in irrigation-dominated watersheds require stochastic rather than deterministic forecasting. Copyright  2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water-soluble benzodiazepine prodrug/enzyme combinations for intranasal rescue therapies

Abstract Benzodiazepines (BZDs), including diazepam (DZP) and midazolam (MDZ), are drugs of choice for rapid treatment of seizure emergencies. Current approved use of these drugs involves administration via either intravenous or rectal routes. The former requires trained medical personnel, while the latter is socially unacceptable for many patients and caregivers. In recent years, efforts have been made to formulate BZDs for nasal administration. Because of the low solubility of these molecules, organic vehicles have been used to solubilize the drugs in the nasal products under development. However, organic solvents are irritating, potentially resulting in injury to nasal tissue. Here we report preliminary studies supporting a strategy in which water-soluble BZD prodrugs and a suitable converting enzyme are coadministered in an aqueous vehicle. Diazepam and midazolam prodrugs were synthesized and were readily converted to their active forms by a protease from Aspergillus oryzae . Using a permeation assay based on monolayers of Madin–Darby canine kidney II-wild type cells, we found that enzymatically produced BZDs could be maintained at high degrees of supersaturation, enabling faster transport across the membrane than can be achieved using saturated solutions. This strategy not only obviates the need for organic solvents, but it also suggests more rapid absorption and earlier peak concentrations than can be otherwise achieved. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Status Epilepticus”.
REBASE—a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes

REBASE is a comprehensive and fully curated database of information about the components of restriction-modification (RM) systems. It contains fully referenced information about recognition and cleavage sites for both restriction enzymes and methyltransferases as well as commercial availability, methylation sensitivity, crystal and sequence data. All genomes that are completely sequenced are analyzed for RM system components, and with the advent of PacBio sequencing, the recognition sequences of DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are appearing rapidly. Thus, Type I and Type III systems can now be characterized in terms of recognition specificity merely by DNA sequencing. The contents of REBASE may be browsed from the web http://rebase.neb.com and selected compilations can be downloaded by FTP (ftp.neb.com). Monthly updates are also available via email.
Efficient transmit and receive optimization design for multiuser spatial multiplexing systems

The multi-antenna system can significantly increase the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. This paper proposes a novel low complexity preprocessing scheme for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system. The proposed precoding algorithm decomposes the composite downlink channel into the multiple sub-channels without inter-user interference and has lower cost than traditional algorithms. At the same time, an efficient equalization algorithm is proposed to achieve the joint optimal design in receiver. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Information rates of two-dimensional finite state ISI channels

The capacity and the symmetric information rate (SIR, when the channel inputs are i.i.d., equiprobable) of the channel are investigated. Many of the results can be further extended to multidimensional ISI channels.
Democracy and Trade: An Empirical Study

The theoretical discussion on globalization has suggested that there are linkages between democracy and trade, although the direction of inuence is less certain. Formal empirical studies remain scarce, and have often focused on the question of whether democratic regimes inuence trade policy, as opposed to the actual relationship between democracy and trade. This paper seeks to answer the question, \Do democracies trade more?" by applying the gravity equation to a large dataset of bilateral trade data for the period 1948-1999, while taking into account the role of democracy. It nds that democracy has a positive eect on trade ows, but only after controlling for trade pair heterogeneity. In addition, it makes the case for studies of this nature to draw a distinction between trade ows in the pre- and post-1990s period of rapid democratization as well as between developed and developing countries.
Der Einfluß von Sauerstoff auf die Polymerisation von Vinylchlorid am Beispiel der Suspensionspolymerisation

Unter den Bedingungen einer Suspensionspolymerisation reagiert Vinylchlorid in Gegenwart von Radikalen leicht mit Sauerstoff. Als Reaktionsprodukt entsteht Vinylchloridperoxid, das sich zersetzt in Formaldehyd, Chlorwasserstoff und Kohlenmonoxid. Diese Nebenprodukte sind zu berucksichtigen, wenn Vinylchlorid in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff polymerisiert wird. Auf diesem Wege erklart sich die Bildung von carbonylgruppenhaltigem PVC. Auserdem ist Sauerstoff in der Lage, unter bestimmten Bedingungen die Suspensionspolymerisation von Vinylchlorid zu initiieren. Under the conditions of suspension polymerization vinyl chloride reacts readily in the presence of radicals with oxygen to form vinyl chloride peroxide. This decomposes to the following products: formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide. This sideproducts have to be considered, when vinyl chloride is polymerized in the presence of oxygen. Thus the formation of PVC containing carbonyl groups can be explained. Furthermore oxygen can initiate the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride under certain conditions.
Taking Stock of Comstock: The Necessary and Proper Clause and the Limits of Federal Power

Those who argue that the federal government has nearly unlimited authority often cite the Necessary and Proper Clause. That clause gives Congress the power to “make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.” The Supreme Court’s recent decision in United States v. Comstock is a step in the direction of interpreting the clause as a virtual blank check for Congress to regulate almost any activity it wants. But the decision is vague on several key points, and its long-term effects are difficult to predict.Part I of this article discusses Section 4248 of the Adam Walsh Act, the provision the Court upheld in Comstock. It also summarizes the majority, concurring, and dissenting opinions. Part II criticizes the Court’s reasoning. The majority’s extremely broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause may render much of the careful enumeration of congressional power in Article I of the Constitution superfluous. In addition, it tries to link the statute to a nebulous congressional authority to act as a “custodian” for federal prisoners that is itself not enumerated anywhere in the Constitution.Part III considers the implications of Comstock for the future. The decision could strengthen the government’s case in the ongoing litigation over the massive health care bill passed by Congress in March 2010. Comstock’s broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause could be used to buttress the government’s constitutional justifications for the new health care law’s “individual mandate.” But the mandate might run afoul of the vague five-factor test that was a key element of Comstock. The ultimate impact of the decision may depend on how that test is interpreted and applied.
A dual homogenization and finite element approach for material characterization of textile composites

Abstract A novel procedure for predicting the effective nonlinear elastic moduli of textile composites through a combined approach of the homogenization method and the finite element formulation is presented. The homogenization method is first applied to investigate the meso-microscopic material behavior of a single fiber yarn based on the properties of the constituent phases. The obtained results are compared to existing analytical and experimental results to validate the homogenization method. Very good agreements have been obtained. A unit cell is then built to enclose the characteristic periodic pattern in the textile composites. Various numerical tests such as uni-axial and bi-axial extension and trellising tests are performed by 3D finite element analysis on the unit cell. Characteristic behaviors of force versus displacement are obtained. Meanwhile, trial mechanical elastic constants are imposed on a four-node shell element with the same outer size as the unit cell to match the force–displacement curves. The effective nonlinear mechanical stiffness tensor is thus obtained numerically as functions of elemental strains. The procedure is exemplified on a plain weave glass composite and is validated by comparing to experimental data. Using the proposed approach, the nonlinear behavior of textile composites can be anticipated accurately and efficiently.
Coalescence of splines on a basket mapping catheter during ablation using a closed-loop irrigation catheter.

We performed pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for treatment of symptomatic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) in a 52-year-old man by using the Constellation® basket mapping catheter (Electrophysiology Technologies, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA), which consists of 64 bipoles on 8 splines. The catheter was placed in the ostium of each pulmonary vein (PV). A 4 mm Chilli II™ internal irrigation radiofrequency (RF) catheter (Boston Scientific) was used to deliver RF energy to each PV. The irrigation rate was 36 mL/min. The target bipole was the earliest activation point of the PV ostium adjacent to the splines, with the splines placed on the atrial side of the PV antrum. Location of the catheter tip relative to the mapping catheter was confirmed by using the EnSite NavX™ three-dimensional mapping system (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN, USA) to determine the position of the ablation catheter relative to the bipole. Furthermore, a ‘bumping’ artefact, resulting from manipulation of the ablation catheter, could be visualized on the mapping catheter. We applied RF energy at a maximum power of 32–35 W and a maximum temperature of 39–40°C. To confirm the ablation catheter's position, we assessed for the presence of ‘bumping’ artefacts …
How clinical social workers evaluate practice

Abstract This study sought to determine how psychodynamically oriented clinical social workers formulate problems, monitor progress, and evaluate change in their own words. Drawing from a purposive national sample of 29 clinicians, this qualitative study found strong engagement in empirically grounded practice evaluation. Problems formulation was portrayed as a complex, challenging process that may take some time; monitoring of progress and summative evaluation were ongoing and not seen as distinct processes. Managed care influenced most of the sample's views regarding evaluation, but master's level training was not portrayed as a strong influence on practice evaluation.
AFFINE VARIETIES AND STEIN MANIFOLDS

We give some examples of Stein manifolds which are not diffeomorphic, as oriented manifolds, to any smooth affine algebraic variety. Some of these examples are in complex dimension 2.
Everywhere-in-focus image fusion using controlablle cameras

Imaging parameters such as focus strongly influence data quality and the performance of content extraction techniques. Narrow depth of field gives clear focus but only over a short range of depths. This paper shows results from an algorithm that uses computer-controlled focus and pan camera movement in order to obtain a scene image that is a composite which is in focus at every point. The goal is to explore the possible algorithms for using both intrinsic (focus) and extrinsic (pan and tilt) camera movements to generate an image sequence and then efficiently obtain a fused composite.
Industrie und Gesellschaft

Die Entwicklung der industriellen Zivilisation vollzog sich mit Hilfe der maschinellen Technik, der Marktwirtschaft und der industrialisierten Gesellschaft. Die industrielle Produktionsmethode hat eine wirtschaftliche Organisation hervorgerufen, die auf alle Teile der Gesellschaft Einflus ausubt. Der Industrialismus ist Produkt von Technik, Wirtschaft und wirtschaftlichen Werten und tritt als eines der weitest verbreiteten Kultursysteme in der Geschichte der Menschheit auf. Keine moderne soziale Institution konnte sich derr Einflus der wirtschaftlichen Organisation der Gesellschaft entziehen. Die Schule, die Kirche, das Heim und die Erholungseinrichtungen sind auf menschlichen Werten aufgebaut, die sich uber den materiellen Rahmen der modernen Zivilisarion erheben. Die industrielle Gesellschaft besteht nicht nur aus Maschinen und Markten, sondern es sind auch Menschen und Institutionen in das Beziehungsnetz einbezogen, das von Geschaftsusancen beherscht wird. Die industrielle Gesellschaft ist zu einer Gesellschaft geworden, in der soziale Beziehungen ihrer Tendenz nach wirtschaftliche Beziehungen sind.
A supervoxel-based segmentation method for prostate MR images

Accurate segmentation of the prostate has many applications in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this paper, we propose a “Supervoxel” based method for prostate segmentation. The prostate segmentation problem is considered as assigning a label to each supervoxel. An energy function with data and smoothness terms is used to model the labeling process. The data term estimates the likelihood of a supervoxel belongs to the prostate according to a shape feature. The geometric relationship between two neighboring supervoxels is used to construct a smoothness term. A threedimensional (3D) graph cut method is used to minimize the energy function in order to segment the prostate. A 3D level set is then used to get a smooth surface based on the output of the graph cut. The performance of the proposed segmentation algorithm was evaluated with respect to the manual segmentation ground truth. The experimental results on 12 prostate volumes showed that the proposed algorithm yields a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 86.9%±3.2%. The segmentation method can be used not only for the prostate but also for other organs.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus vietnamensis Strain UCD-SED5 (Phylum Firmicutes)

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Bacillus vietnamensis UCD-SED5 (phylum Firmicutes). This strain was isolated from sediment surrounding Zostera marina roots near the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory (Bodega Bay, California) and represents the second genome of this species. The assembly consists of 4,325,707 bp, in 108 contigs.
Muscarinic modulation of endogenous acetylcholine release in rat neostriatal slices.

Some classical and nonclassical muscarinic agents were tested for their effects on potassium-evoked acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat neostriatal slices. Release was monitored by measuring endogenous ACh when acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was inhibited with physostigmine (30 microM) or by measuring endogenous choline when AChE activity was left intact. The classical antagonist, atropine (0.1-2 microM), induced an increase in release whether AChE activity was inhibited or intact. The putative M-1 selective antagonist, pirenzepine, had minimal effects over a broad concentration range (2-200 microM) and induced an increase in ACh release only when AChE activity was inhibited. The classical agonist, oxotremorine (10-100 microM) decreased effectively ACh release (by 22-35%), but only when AChE activity was intact. The oxotremorine analog, oxotremorine-M, was apparently more potent than oxotremorine, but also decreased ACh release (by 24-41%) only when AChE activity was intact. Another oxotremorine analog, BM-5, behaved more like a muscarinic antagonist in its effects on neostriatal ACh release, and the highest concentration tested (100 microM) increased release (by 47%) when AChE activity was left intact. As in many other cholinergic systems, the agonists tested in this study were not selective in their action on ACh release modulation in the rat neostriatum. The antagonists, however, were more selective in their action, i.e., pirenzepine was relatively ineffective, and on the basis of this selective action, it can be concluded that modulation of endogenous ACh release in the rat neostriatum is mediated by a M-2 muscarinic receptor subtype.
Predictors and moderators of biopsychological social stress responses following brief self-compassion meditation training

Arch et al. (2014) demonstrated that brief self-compassion meditation training (SCT) dampened sympathetic (salivary alpha-amylase) and subjective anxiety responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), relative to attention and no-instruction control conditions. The present study examined baseline predictors and moderators of these SCT intervention effects. Baseline characteristics included two stress vulnerability traits (social anxiety and rumination) and two potential resiliency traits (non-attachment and self-compassion). We investigated how these traits moderated the effects of SCT on response to the TSST, relative to the control conditions. We also tested how these individual differences predicted TSST responses across conditions in order to uncover characteristics that confer increased vulnerability and resiliency to social stressors. Trait non-attachment, rumination (for sympathetic TSST response only), and social anxiety (for subjective TSST response only) interacted with training condition to moderate TSST responses such that following SCT, lower attachment and lower social anxiety predicted lower TSST stress responses, relative to those scoring higher on these traits. In contrast, trait self-compassion neither moderated nor predicted responses to the TSST. Thus, although SCT had robust effects on buffering stress across individuals with varying levels of trait self-compassion, other psychological traits enhanced or dampened the effect of SCT on TSST responses. These findings support the importance of examining the role of relevant baseline psychological traits to predict sympathetic and subjective responses to social evaluative threat, particularly in the context of resiliency training.
Differentiation of Urogastrone and Pituitrin.

ConclusionsA comparison of the effects of urogastrone and pituitrin on gastric secretion, gastric motility, urine excretion, and blood pressure, indicates that the two principles are separate entities.
Immunochemical studies on blood groups

Abstract Removal of the N -acetyl of terminal nonreducing d -GalNAc residues of hog gastric mucin blood group A + H substance with the A degrading enzyme of Clostridium tertium , followed by acid hydrolysis and N -acetylation resulted in an increased yield of the A active disaccharide α- d -GalNAc-(1 → 3)- d -Gal as compared to direct partial acid hydrolysis. Two other disaccharides, α- d -GNAc-(1 → 4)- d -Gal and β- d -GNAc-(1 → 6)- d -Gal, and two trisaccharides, α- d -GNAc-(1 → 4)-⊝ d -Gal-(1 → 4)- d -GNAc and α- d -GNAc-(1 → 4)-β- d -Gal-(1 → 3)- d -GalNAc were also obtained since they survived the acid hydrolysis. Their structures were established by analysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, alkaline degradation, and by ORD and CD. The α- d -GNAc-(1 → 4)- d -Gal and the two trisaccharides are the structures involved in the specificity of the new antigenic determinant of hog gastric mucin blood group A + H substance unrelated to ABH activity as shown by their ability to inhibit precipitation of hog blood group substance by concanavalin A and by a human antiserum to the new determinant. A gas chromatographic technique for identification of the linkages on reducing d -galactoses and N -acetyl- d -hexosamines in oligosaccharides by methylation with BaO and methanolysis has been developed.
Cognitive Analysis Methods for Control of Multiple Robots: Robotics on $5 a Day

Studies of a single operator controlling multiple robots were designed (1) to identify problems caused by perceptual and cognitive factors and (2) to propose interface concepts to reduce the problems. The studies used innovative techniques at extremely low cost. Existing artifacts, i.e., commercially-available video games played over local area networks, provided a rich source of data on control of one or multiple semi-autonomous entities with a minimum of development. Psychological theories regarding various attributes of robotic operation, including perception, navigation, motion control, and information display are embedded in such artifacts. Custom scenarios involving multiple robots controlled by a single operator were developed to facilitate switching between tasks and, in some cases, cooperative use of the multiple robots. Findings include data on navigation difficulty, task switching strategies, mode errors, and perceptual confusion regarding multiple viewpoints.
Investigation of the Mechanisms of Using Metal Complexation and Cellulose Nanofiber/Sodium Alginate Layer-by-Layer Coating for Retaining Anthocyanin Pigments in Thermally Processed Blueberries in Aqueous Media

This study investigated the mechanisms of anthocyanin pigment retention using Fe3+–anthocyanin complexation and cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/sodium alginate (SA) layer-by-layer (LBL) coatings on thermally processed blueberries in aqueous media. Anthocyanin pigments were polymerized through complexation with Fe3+ but readily degraded by heat (93 °C for 7 min) in the aqueous media because of poor stability. CNF/SA LBL coating was successful to retain anthocyanin pigments in thermally processed blueberries. Fruits coated with CNF containing CaCl2 followed by treatment in a SA bath formed a second hydrogel layer onto the CNF layer (LBL coating system) through cross-linking between Ca2+ and alginic acid. Methyl-cellulose-modified CNF improved the interactions between CNF, the fruit surface, and the SA layer. This study demonstrated that the CNF/SA LBL coating system was effective to retain anthocyanin pigments on thermally processed whole blueberries, whereas no combined benefit of complexation with coating was o...
Notes on the Ustilagineae of Washington

1. Tilletia guyotiana Hariot, Jour. de Bot. 14: 117. 1900. This species was first described by Hariot in 1887 as Thecaphora guyotiana but in 1900 he changed the name to Tilletia guyotiana. The smut was first reported from North America by the writer x in 1919 who reported it from Klickitat and Walla Walla counties, Washington. Since that time the following additional collec? tions have been made :
Toward a “Modernizing” Hybridity: McAdoo’s Jubilee Singers, McAdoo’s Minstrels, and Racial Uplift Politics in South Africa, 1890–1898

This essay focuses on Orpheus McAdoo, an African American performer/entrepreneur who contributed to late nineteenth century Black Atlantic cultural formations. In the 1890s, he brought two tours to South Africa, the first of which was a singing troupe based on the Fisk Jubilee model. The second tour included a non-traditional minstrel show. This essay addresses McAdoo’s attempts to present racial narratives that countered the prevailing race discourse of the South African colonies. During both tours, McAdoo disseminated a specific variant of uplift politics. Racial uplift politics developed in the postbellum era as a middle-class African American response to notions of black backwardness. Advocates of racial uplift believed that discourses which advanced the notion that blacks were incapable of fully participating in modern democratic societies, could be challenged with images of black civility and refinement. McAdoo was a proponent of uplift politics, and he used the stage as a means to spread these noti...
Non-Markovian Effects in Far-Wing Light Scattering

The quantum regression theorem (QRT), as discussed, e.g., by Lax1 is a very powerful technique for the calculation of spectra emitted by systems driven by an external field. We shall be discussing the domain of validity of the theorem in the context of collisional line broadening.2 We shall show that those regions of the spectrum that the theorem does not address still yield, in case of line broadening, to straightforward calculations. Moreover, these regions provide considerable insight into when and how the QRT works. They also provide, as one might expect, a probe of the underlying microscopic dynamics.
The Study of the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Occupational Stress of the Medical Staff

Objective: To study the relationship of between depressive symptoms and occupational stress of the medical staff. Method: The differences of the gender, age, marital status, education level, job, night shift situation, weekly working hours, welfare satisfaction and doctor-patient relationship of 758 cases of medical staff were compared by questionnaire analysis. The relationship of medical staff between depressive symptoms and occupational stress was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Result: 422 cases among the 758 cases of medical staff showed depressive symptoms, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 55.67%. There were significant differences in medical staff among the age, marital status, position, the night shift, weekly working hours, welfare satisfaction and doctor-patient relationship by the single factor analysis, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). By Logistic regression analysis, there was a close correlation among high pay-high returns, low pay-low returns, high cost-low returns and depressive symptoms, the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The higher of the tension degree, and the release rate of depressive symptoms were the bigger. Conclusion: There were a close relationship in medical staff between depressive symptoms and occupational stress.Effective prevention and control measures formulated could obviously reduce the incidence rate of mental depression in medical staff,improve medical efficiency and reduce the occurrence of medical disputes cases.
Joshua Lederberg on Bacterial Recombination

![Figure][1] This paper describes the first genetic analysis of bacteria. Before its publication, most scientists wondered if bacteria even had genes. Many thought bacteria to be a distinct form of life, separate from higher organisms like Drosophila and maize, which were known to follow
Slowing the pace of technological change

I share the concerns raised in Vogt’s commentary, ‘How Fast Should We Innovate?’ Controlling the pace of technological change is one of the epochal challenges of this era, and I offer suggestions t...
Polarizable Force Field for DNA Based on the Classical Drude Oscillator: II. Microsecond Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Duplex DNA

The structure and dynamics of DNA are governed by a sensitive balance between base stacking and pairing, hydration, and interactions with ions. Force-field models that include explicit representations of electronic polarization are capable of more accurately modeling the subtle details of these interactions versus commonly used additive force fields. In this work, we validate our recently refined polarizable force field for DNA based on the classical Drude oscillator model, in which electronic degrees of freedom are represented as negatively charged particles attached to their parent atoms via harmonic springs. The previous version of the force field, called Drude-2013, produced stable A- and B-DNA trajectories on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds, but deficiencies were identified that included weak base stacking ultimately leading to distortion of B-DNA duplexes and unstable Z-DNA. As a result of extensive refinement of base nonbonded terms and bonded parameters in the deoxyribofuranose sugar and phos...
The Artic Animals Meet the Zombie Zone

In the last chapter we examined the boys individual writing. In this chapter we will explore the boys the writing. The joint focus and intense sharing will demonstrate how collaborative writing between the boys facilitates and inspires their writing. Craft (2005) identified creative partnerships and apprenticeships as ideal platforms to foster creativity.
Predicting Deletion of Chromosomal Arms 1p/19q in Low-Grade Gliomas from MR Images Using Machine Intelligence

Several studies have linked codeletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q in low-grade gliomas (LGG) with positive response to treatment and longer progression-free survival. Hence, predicting 1p/19q status is crucial for effective treatment planning of LGG. In this study, we predict the 1p/19q status from MR images using convolutional neural networks (CNN), which could be a non-invasive alternative to surgical biopsy and histopathological analysis. Our method consists of three main steps: image registration, tumor segmentation, and classification of 1p/19q status using CNN. We included a total of 159 LGG with 3 image slices each who had biopsy-proven 1p/19q status (57 non-deleted and 102 codeleted) and preoperative postcontrast-T1 (T1C) and T2 images. We divided our data into training, validation, and test sets. The training data was balanced for equal class probability and was then augmented with iterations of random translational shift, rotation, and horizontal and vertical flips to increase the size of the training set. We shuffled and augmented the training data to counter overfitting in each epoch. Finally, we evaluated several configurations of a multi-scale CNN architecture until training and validation accuracies became consistent. The results of the best performing configuration on the unseen test set were 93.3% (sensitivity), 82.22% (specificity), and 87.7% (accuracy). Multi-scale CNN with their self-learning capability provides promising results for predicting 1p/19q status non-invasively based on T1C and T2 images. Predicting 1p/19q status non-invasively from MR images would allow selecting effective treatment strategies for LGG patients without the need for surgical biopsy.
An Experimental Study to Guide AFM-Based TBN of Nanochannels

Tip-based nanomanufacturing (TBN) approach generally involves the use of nanoscale tool tips in various nanomanufacturing processes such as machining, patterning, and assembling. AFM-based TBN has been applied to fabricate various micro/nanodevices. In AFM-based TBN process, the AFM tip is used as a tool for material removal or surface modification of nanoscale materials. To fabricate a desirable nanostructure, the AFM-based TBN parameters, i.e. applied load, tip speed, feed rate, scratching direction, tip geometry, tip radius, and number of scratching cycles, must be carefully chosen. These parameters have major effects on the depth, width, chip formation, and surface roughness of the machined surface. In order to control AFM-based TBN process efficiently, there is a need to conduct a more focused study of the effects of these different parameters on the process performance and outcome. This is achieved by experimentally validating a MD simulation model of AFM-based nanomachining, and using it to conduct parametric studies to guide AFM-based TBN. In this work, a 3D MD model with a larger domain size was developed and used to gain a unique insight into the AFM-based TBN process. The parametric studies conducted using both MD model simulations and AFM experiments are presented. In addition, AFM-based TBN is used with photolithography to fabricate a nanofluidic device for medical application.
What is it Like to Have an Unconscious Mental State

HOST is the theory that to be conscious of a mental state is totarget it with a higher-order state (a `HOS'), either an innerperception or a higher-order thought. Some champions of HOSTmaintain that the phenomenological character of a sensory stateis induced in it by representing it with a HOS. I argue that thisthesis is vulnerable to overwhelming objections that flow largelyfrom HOST itself. In the process I answer two questions: `What isa plausible sufficient condition for a quale's belonging to aparticular mental state?' and `What is the propositional contentof HOSs that target sensory states?'