cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving volunteer retention efforts in public library systems: how communication and inclusion impact female and male volunteers differently

Although volunteer levels are near all-time highs, volunteer coordinators are increasingly spending more time on retention efforts. The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of organizational communication and inclusive behaviors on volunteers' intention to continue volunteering. Through a survey of 472 volunteers in three library systems, research revealed that two organizational communication theories can improve the effectiveness of volunteer coordinator efforts. Specifically, structural equation modeling revealed that social group inclusion and overall participation in organizational events were the strongest predictors of female volunteers' future intentions to volunteer whereas event participation, being included in the organization's information network, and participating in decision making were the strongest predictors for male volunteers. Relationship indicators successfully predicted which volunteers were most likely to continue volunteering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout

Burnout is a unique type of stress syndrome, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment. Although burnout has been shown to be potentially very costly in the helping professions, such as nursing, education, and social work, little work has been done thus far to establish its generalizability to industry. This article reviews the literature on burnout and provides a conceptual framework designed to improve the understanding of burnout. Propositions are presented that are aimed at clarifying the dynamics of burnout, including determinants of and interrelationships among the three burnout components.
Wave-packet collapse and the core quantum postulates: Discreteness of quantum jumps from unitarity, repeatability, and actionable information

An unknown quantum state of a single system cannot be discovered, as a measured system is reprepared---it jumps into an eigenstate of the measured observable. This impossibility of finding the quantum state and other symptoms usually blamed on wave-packet collapse follow (as was recently demonstrated for pure states of measured systems) from unitarity (which does not, however, allow for a literal collapse) and from the repeatability of measurements: Continuous unitary evolution and repeatability suffice to establish the discreteness that underlies quantum jumps. Here we consider mixed states of a macroscopic, open system (such as an apparatus), and we allow its microscopic state to change when, e.g., measured by an observer, provided that its salient features remain unchanged and that observers regard macroscopic state of the pointer as representing the same record. We conclude that repeatably accessible states of macroscopic systems (such as the states of the apparatus pointer) must correspond to orthogonal subspaces in the Hilbert space. The symmetry breaking we exhibit defies the egalitarian quantum superposition principle and unitary symmetry of the Hilbert space, as it singles out preferred subspaces. We conclude that the resulting discreteness (which underlies quantum jumps) emerges from the continuity of the core quantum postulates plus repeatability also in macroscopic and open---but ultimately quantum---systems such as measuring devices accessed by observers, where (in contrast with pure states of microsystems) repeatability is paramount.
‘Immaculate Conceptions’ and Other Mysteries in Galdós' Cádiz

The First Series of Galdos' Episodios nacionales, published between 1873 and 1875, was enormously popular in Spain. The Series established a devoted reading public for Galdos, and was surely one of the main reasons for the great success of the Spanish novel during the last third of the nineteenth century. Many critics today, though, consider the ten volumes to be second-rate novels, unremarkable fictionalizations of Spain's exploits at Trafalgar and during the Napoleonic War. Closer investigation clearly reveals, however, that they are a set of highly sophisticated narratives. They explore the complexities, ambiguities, and paradoxes between language and world, reader and text, self and other. They illustrate how conventional approaches to historical discourse and the realist novel can produce an imperfect, even a misguided understanding of the individual and society. Galdos' texts provide a broad critique of traditionally accepted definitions and values in literature, history, and society by exposing the...
William Ockham's Political Philosophy

William Ockham's interests were turned to political philosophy by the circumstances of his life. As early as 1323, he became entangled in the controversy of his order on evangelical poverty with the pope, John XXII, who by his bull, Ad conditorem canonum, issued on December 8, 1322, withdrew from the Franciscans the right of holding property in the name of the Holy See, granted to them by Innocent IV in 1245, and by Nicholas III in 1279. The case seems trifling, yet it involved the interpretation of the life of Christ himself, whom the sons of St. Francis tried to imitate by substituting the use of property for its ownership. The "Spirituals" stood for the original views of the order and considered the papal bull as dragging them down to worldliness and abasement. Ockham in a sermon
Amiodarone-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters.

Amiodarone, a cardiac antiarrhythmic agent, has been associated with the development of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in patients receiving prolonged therapy with the drug. To further assess the toxic effects of amiodarone on lung tissue, Syrian hamsters were given a single intratracheal insufflation of the agent and evaluated for histologic evidence of lung injury. Control animals received intratracheal insufflations of the vehicle in which amiodarone was dissolved. After an initial, transient alveolitis in both experimental and control animals, the amiodarone-treated lungs developed increased interstitial thickening due to fibrinous exudates, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and marked deposition of collagen manifested on trichrome staining. Controls, in contrast, showed nearly complete resolution of the initial alveolitis. An unusual feature of the amiodarone-induced lung injury was reemergence of the alveolitis between 5 and 14 days, which included a marked influx of e...
Cognitive Ontology and Region- versus Network-Oriented Analyses

The interpretation of functional imaging experiments is complicated by the pluripotency of brain regions. As there is a many-to-one mapping between cognitive functions and their neural substrates, region-based analyses of imaging data provide only weak support for cognitive theories. Price and Friston argue that we need a ‘cognitive ontology’ that abstractly categorizes the function of regions. I argue that abstract characterizations are unlikely to be cognitively interesting. I argue instead that we should attribute functions to regions in a context-sensitive manner. I review recent meta-analyses that approach fMRI data in this light and argue that they have revisionary potential.
Emerging Candida spp. Infections

More than 150 species of Candida have been idenfified, but only a dosen or so have been regarded as important pathogens in humans. Although C. albicans remains the most common fungal pathogen, over the past decade or so, there has been an increasing number of reports implicating non-albicans species causing opportunistic mycoses (1).
Experimenting with sex: four approaches to the genetics of sex reversal before 1950

In the early twentieth century, Tatsuo Aida in Japan, Ojvind Winge in Denmark, Richard Goldschmidt in Germany, and Calvin Bridges in the United States all developed different experimental systems to study the genetics of sex reversal. These locally specific experimental systems grounded these experimenters' understanding of sex reversal as well as their interpretation of claims regarding experimental results and theories. The comparison of four researchers and their experimental systems reveals how those different systems mediated their understanding of genetic phenomena, and influenced their interpretations of sex reversal.
Virus-induced autoimmune disease: transgenic approach to mimic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis.

Transgenic technology has been used by virologists for two main purposes. One has been to evaluate cell-specific expression and function in vivo of specific viral proteins. Of the many such studies performed, one prominent example is the work of Levine and colleagues (MARKS et al. 1989) on the expression of SV40 T antigen that resulted in choroid plexus papillomas; these experiments led to identification of p53 bound to T antigen. As another example, Nerenberg et al. (1987) used transgenic expression of the TAT protein of HTLV-1 to establish the oncogenic potential of TAT. Lastly, Nelson and colleagues (unpublished data) probed expression of the immediate early 72 KDa protein of human cytomegalo- virus and located this early regulatory protein in the islets of Langerhans, smooth muscle wall of large arteries, retina and salivary gland. All of these studies were similar in that the authentic promoter of the particular viral gene being expressed was employed. The second major avenue followed by virologists utilizing transgenic technology has been to create animal models of viral pathogenesis. Examples of this application are described in separate chapters of this volume and include, first, the isolation and expression of the gene encoding the human poliovirus receptor in mice by Ren and Racaniello (1992), REN ET AL. (1990), and independently by Horie et al. (1994) and KOIKE et al. (1991), allowing study of the virus’ tropism, pathogenesis of the disease it causes, and design of new protective vaccines. Second, CHISARI et al. (1987,1989) utilized the albumin promoter to express hepatitis B virus surface antigen in the liver to study virus-induced chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the role of the immune system in either clearing virus of causing immunopathology. The third example is that of TOGGAS et al. (1994) who used an astrocyte-specific promoter to express HIV-1 gp120 in transgenic mice. The brain lesions of these mice closely mimic those of AIDS neuropathology in humans including neuronal injury, microglia activation and gliosis.
An EMG-based system for pre-impact fall detection

The paper presents a preliminary study on the feasibility of a pre-impact fall detector, able to evaluate the risk of fall real-time, allowing the fast adoption of properly strategies of intervention for reducing injuries (e.g. by activating an impact reduction system). A wearable, wireless and minimally invasive surface Electromyography-based system (EMG) has been used to measure four lower-limb muscles activities. This work deals with the identification of highly discriminative features extracted within the EMG signals for the automatic detection of people instability. The framework prototype uses a threshold-based approach assuring real-time functioning and allowing the detection of a typical imbalance condition about 200ms after the stimulus perturbation, in simulated and controlled fall conditions.
Macular Degeneration and the Effects of Light

Scholars have argued for years whether aging is inevitable. Do our tissues wear out by some biological timetable or is aging conditioned by environmental influences and chemical reactions that might be interrupted if we only knew how?
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water by a Series of Iron Carbonyl Clusters

The development of efficient hydrogen evolving electrocatalysts that operate near neutral pH in aqueous solution remains of significant interest. A series of low-valent iron clusters have been investigated to provide insight into the structure–function relationships affecting their ability to promote formation of cluster-hydride intermediates and to promote electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Each of the metal carbonyl anions, [Fe4N(CO)12]− (1–), [Fe4C(CO)12]2– (22–), [Fe5C(CO)15]2– (32–), and [Fe6C(CO)18]2– (42–) were isolated as their sodium salt to provide the necessary solubility in water. At pH 5 and −1.25 V vs SCE the clusters afford hydrogen with Faradaic efficiencies ranging from 53–98%. pH dependent cyclic voltammetry measurements provide insight into catalytic intermediates. Both of the butterfly shaped clusters, 1– and 22–, stabilize protonated adducts and are effective catalysts. Initial reduction of butterfly shaped 1– is pH-independent and subsequently, successive protonation eve...
The Learner's Factors That Influence Foreign Language Learning

An analysis is made of the learner's factors-uncontrollabe factors,inner factors of learners and learning strategy factors-that influence English learning result based on a survey and investigation our college's full-time students,the summary of materials of the project members accumulated in teaching practice and the current situation of our college's full-time students' English learning.
Research of relationship between FDI and UFC in Hebei province

In an open economy,it's very dificult for Hebei province to achieve technical progress independently.So using foreign capital and foreign direct investment are effective choices for promoting Hebei province economy.As important parts in boosting the economy,utilizing overseas investment has a direct bearing on foreign direct investment.Taking Hebei province for example,this paper explains how the two factors interact with each other because the understanding of the interaction plays an important role to the development of Hebei economy.
Irréductibles défenseurs de la composition improvisée à New York

Cette enquete sur la pratique de la composition improvisee a ete menee aupres de 12 musiciens professionnels vivant a New York et menant une carriere internationale en tant qu’improvisateurs. Ces musiciens ont ete selectionnes pour la puissance et le caractere unique de leur voix artistique, aussi pour representer autant que possible les diversites culturelles et generationnelles qui caracterisent cette scene. Apres une introduction situant leurs pratiques vis a vis de l’improvisation libre et du free jazz tels que definis dans la litterature, l’article est base sur des citations issues d’entretiens individuels de ces musiciens, suivant un protocole de recueil et d’analyse rigoureux. Les citations sont organisees selon trois themes : leur definition de la composition improvisee ; leurs differentes approches artistiques ; et les liens entre leur pratique musicale et leur philosophie de vie, incluant d’eventuelles connexions politiques et/ou spirituelles. Cette analyse est illustree d’extraits video de ces musiciens a partir d’enregistrements realises au sein d’un projet de recherche et creation plus large, qui fait appel a plusieurs approches methodologiques pour analyser la pratique de la composition improvisee a New York. Les entretiens individuels a la base de cet article representent la premiere partie de ce projet qui decoule de l’experience de terrain de l’auteure en temps que realisatrice d’enregistrements musicaux professionnels au sein de la scene musicale etudiee.
Discrete electromagnetic theory with exterior calculus

A self-contained electromagnetic theory is developed on a simplicial lattice. Instead of dealing with vectorial field, discrete exterior calculus (DEC) studies the discrete differential forms of electric and magnetic fields. Circumcenter dual is adopted to achieve diagonality and simplicity of Hodge star operators. In this paper, Gauss' theorem and Stokes' theorem are shown to be satisfied inherently. Many other electromagnetic theorems, like reciprocity theorem, can be derived on this simplicial lattice consistently with an appropriate definition of wedge product between forms. The preservation of these theorems guarantees that this treatment of Maxwell's equations will not lead to spurious solutions.
Sociology of Human Rights by Mark Frezzo, and: The Human Rights Enterprise: Political Sociology, State Power, and Social Movements by William T. Armaline, Davita Silfen Glasberg, and Bandana Purkayastha (review)

Frezzo, Mark. Sociology of Human Rights, Cambridge: UK, Polity Press, 2015. Review by Nalanda Roy.Armaline, William T., Davita Silfen Glasberg, and Bandana Purkayastha. The Human Rights Enterprise: Political Sociology, State Power, and Social Movements, Cambridge: UK, Polity Press, 2015. Review by Nalanda Roy.
Improving performance in industrial Internet of Things using multi-radio nodes and multiple gateways

IEEE 802.15.4e is emerging as a robust standard for industrial Internet of Things. This standard is particularly effective for low power, multi-hop networks, and typically supports applications with low throughput. However, with the advances in energy harvesting, the need for supporting better performing solutions is also gaining momentum. This paper presents and analyses a modified link scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4e based solutions. Three approaches are considered. With the first approach, only the gateway node is equipped with multiple radios. With the second approach, non-gateway nodes are equipped with multiple radios as well. With the third approach, multiple single radio gateways are considered. Results from simulations have been presented to demonstrate the improvement in performance compared to the typical single radio, single gateway deployments.
Antecedents of product satisfaction and brand satisfaction at product receipt in an online apparel shopping context

AbstractThis study investigates the antecedents of satisfaction with the product and satisfaction with the brand of consumers when they have received a garment ordered online and tried it on for the first time. We propose four antecedents of product satisfaction and brand satisfaction: (a) brand-based product expectation at purchase, (b) perceived product performance at product receipt, (c) website-visible-attribute expectancy disconfirmation (discrepancy between product expectation and perceived performance of the product attributes that are visible on the website, such as style and color), and (d) website-invisible-attribute expectancy disconfirmation (discrepancy between product expectation and perceived performance of the product attributes that may not be distinguishable on the website, such as fabric, fit, and workmanship). The research design was a 2 (levels of brand-based product expectation) x 2 (levels of perceived product performance) factorial experimental design. We developed two mock-up appa...
Abstract 570: Transparent tumor tomography (T3): 3D spatial immunoanalysis for PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy

Untangling the complexity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression within a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is an urgent challenge in PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Here, we address this challenge with a method, termed transparent tumor tomography (T3), facilitating three-dimensional (3D) visualization and spatial analysis of distributions of multiple biomarkers regarding to cancer cells, vasculature, and immune cells in context in the tumor microenvironment. With T3 analysis of transgenic mouse mammary tumors immunostained against Her2, CD45, Ki-67, CD31, and PD-L1, we reveal that PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment is highly adaptable for efficiently preventing immune cell infiltration into the tumor. Stronger correlation of Her2 and PD-L1 expression in the tumor periphery where has a high CD45+ immune infiltrate density is determined by tumor-wide analysis. Also, tomographic analysis shows blood vessels expressing PD-L1 in the tumor core, where PD-L1 expression is lower. Furthermore, high-resolution T3 image localizes PD-L1 expression to a region between the endothelium and the surrounding smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. We investigate spatial pharmacokinetics of anti-PD-L1 antibody in the whole mouse mammary tumor in the context of hypoxia, CD31+ blood vessels, and target PD-L1+ cells. The 3D anti-PD-L1 antibody distribution is fit to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, yielding estimated distribution half-life of 4.7 min and terminal half-life of 2.5 days. We also evaluate anti-tumor immune responses after PD-L1 blockade therapy using T3. We observe broad distribution of tumor infiltrating CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in 3D tumor section following combination therapy of radiation and anti-PD-L1 antibody compared to PBS, anti-PD-L1 antibody alone, or radiation alone treatment group. Moreover, we apply T3 for immunoanalysis of whole core needle biopsy. We spatially map PD-L1 expression and granzymeB-producing CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in pre-treatment and in-treatment core needle biopsies at cellular resolution and in three dimensions. Meanwhile, T3 analysis is nondestructive, allowing secondary analysis by IHC and/or IF. We anticipate that T3 can be applied broadly to facilitate preclinical studies of immunotherapy and also find use in spatial, multiparameter analysis of patient biopsies, particularly to improve predictive testing and analysis of immune responses to tumor immunotherapy. Citation Format: Steve Seung-Young Lee, Vytautas P. Bindokas, Stephen J. Kron. Transparent tumor tomography (T3): 3D spatial immunoanalysis for PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-570
Defense as a Natural Monopoly, and its Privatization by Proprietary Communities

National defense is the textbook example of a public good – being non-rivalrous and non-excludable. In fact, however, defense is both rivalrous and excludable. Defense is better characterized as a natural monopoly with increasing returns to scale and spatial externalities. The efficient production of defense requires competitively discovering the optimal scale of production. Moreover, defense is not necessarily a public good because it can create bads and negative externalities, both foreign and domestic. Therefore, defense requires monitoring and constraints to internalize these negative externalities. Minimization of production costs is not sufficient to efficiently produce defense. Instead, the sum total of both production and monitoring costs must be minimized. These considerations suggest that the optimal scale for defense may not be national, and there may be advantages to the decentralization of military defense. If it remains true that defense should be provided by national government, the justification must be other than the public goods argument.
Workers’ Passive Consent

This chapter focuses on the indifferent, ambivalent and critical workers, investigating in what ways they have conferred passive consent to legal hegemony. Due to labor and social policies in China, the indifferent workers feel detached from the cities and consider their working life there transitory; therefore, they see labor laws and the socio-economic development as irrelevant to them. Although both critical and ambivalent workers criticize the labor law system and do not place full trust in it, it is still able to impose a minimal degree of hegemonic effects on them because their values and actions are still constrained by legal boundaries and capitalist common sense.
Ultra-selective looming detection from radial motion opponency

Nervous systems combine lower-level sensory signals to detect higher-order stimulus features critical to survival, such as the visual looming motion created by an imminent collision or approaching predator. Looming-sensitive neurons have been identified in diverse animal species. Different large-scale visual features such as looming often share local cues, which means loom-detecting neurons face the challenge of rejecting confounding stimuli. Here we report the discovery of an ultra-selective looming detecting neuron, lobula plate/lobula columnar, type II (LPLC2) in Drosophila, and show how its selectivity is established by radial motion opponency. In the fly visual system, directionally selective small-field neurons called T4 and T5 form a spatial map in the lobula plate, where they each terminate in one of four retinotopic layers, such that each layer responds to motion in a different cardinal direction. Single-cell anatomical analysis reveals that each arm of the LPLC2 cross-shaped primary dendrites ramifies in one of these layers and extends along that layer's preferred motion direction. In vivo calcium imaging demonstrates that, as their shape predicts, individual LPLC2 neurons respond strongly to outward motion emanating from the centre of the neuron's receptive field. Each dendritic arm also receives local inhibitory inputs directionally selective for inward motion opposing the excitation. This radial motion opponency generates a balance of excitation and inhibition that makes LPLC2 non-responsive to related patterns of motion such as contraction, wide-field rotation or luminance change. As a population, LPLC2 neurons densely cover visual space and terminate onto the giant fibre descending neurons, which drive the jump muscle motor neuron to trigger an escape take off. Our findings provide a mechanistic description of the selective feature detection that flies use to discern and escape looming threats.
An adaptive communication scheme for bandwidth limited residential load forecasting

While adding new capabilities, the distributed energy resource proliferation raises great concern about challenges such as dynamic fluctuations of voltages. For example, in a volatile setting with highly uncertain renewable generation and customer consumption, it is challenging to provide reliable power and voltage prediction for operational planning purposes to mitigate risks, e.g., over-voltages. In this paper, we propose an integrated Gaussian Process-based method (IGP) for electric load (consumption minus generation) prediction. For improving the forecasting accuracy, we use not only the data streams generated by the target customer but also those of relevant customers in the feeder system. An adaptive data communication rate controlling scheme is further proposed for dimension reduction of streaming data to address the situation when bandwidth limit enforces a constraint in some feeders. The goal is to make IGP with the same prediction precision but significantly less streaming data amount. The superior efficacy and efficiency of IGP and its enhanced variants are tested and verified on the standard IEEE 8-bus and 123-bus distribution test cases.
Academic-Based and Aerobic-Only Movement Breaks: Are There Differential Effects on Physical Activity and Achievement?

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study investigated the academic achievement and physical activity differences between types of activity breaks implemented in elementary school classrooms. This study evaluated whether there was a difference between the impact of purely aerobic-based movement breaks and the impact of academic-based breaks on children’s academic achievement outcomes. Method: Participants included 460 children in 3rd grade through 5th grade at 4 elementary schools. There were 176 children in the schools that engaged in academic-based breaks and 284 in the schools that engaged in aerobic-only breaks. Schools were randomly assigned at the school level to implement either aerobic movement breaks with academic content infused within the breaks (“academic-based breaks”) or aerobic-only movement breaks without the addition of academic material (“aerobic-only breaks”) for approximately 10 min of activity per day. Math and reading achievement as well as children’s step counts were measured before and after the...
A Small Glossopharyngeal Schwannoma Presenting with Intractable Vomiting: Case Presentation and Literature Review.

Background Glossopharyngeal schwannomas are rare tumors. Clinical and radiologic presentation closely resembles those of vestibular schwannomas. Their clinical presentation varies from vestibulocochlear dysfunction to glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve dysfunction. Case Description We report a case of a small glossopharyngeal schwannoma presenting with intractable recurrent sudden episodes of vomiting that subsided after tumor resection. To our knowledge, this is the only case in the literature of glossopharyngeal schwannoma presenting with nerve irritation in the form of intractable emesis. Conclusions Small glossopharyngeal schwannomas can present with irritative symptoms of the ninth cranial nerve causing vomiting refractory to medical treatment. Intracranial imaging should be considered in the investigation of unexplained intractable vomiting even if the gross neurologic examination is normal.
Wodak, Ruth (b. 1950)

Ruth Wodak has made significant contributions to the theoretical, methodological, and empirical study of discourse. Her initial training was as a sociolinguist and in her early work she combined text linguistics, sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis in both the legal and the clinical frameworks.
Mutation of lysine-48 to arginine in the yeast RAD3 protein abolishes its ATPase and DNA helicase activities but not the ability to bind ATP

The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair of DNA damaged by UV radiation and is also essential for cell viability. The approximately 89 kd protein encoded by RAD3 possesses single-stranded DNA dependent ATPase and DNA helicase activities. The sequence Gly-X-Gly-Lys-Thr, believed to be involved in the interaction with purine nucleotides in proteins that bind and hydrolyze the nucleotides, is present in the RAD3 primary structure between amino acids 45 and 49. We report here that the point mutation of Lys-48 to arginine abolishes the RAD3 ATPase and DNA helicase activities but not the ability to bind ATP. These observations highlight the involvement of this lysine residue in the hydrolysis of ATP and indicate that the positive charge on arginine can replace that of the lysine residue in the binding of ATP but not in its hydrolysis. The rad3 Arg-48 mutant is apparently defective in a step subsequent to incision at the damage site in DNA; it can incise UV damaged DNA, but does not remove pyrimidine dimers. The role of the ATPase and DNA helicase activities of the RAD3 protein in its DNA repair and viability functions is discussed.
The Social Worker's Role in Shock-Trauma Units.

and Politics in Organizations (San Fran cisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980), p. 106. 13. G. Frey, "Coalitions in Community Planning," p. 163. Doctoral dissertation, The Florence Heller Graduate School for Advanced Studies in Social Welfare, Bran deis University, 1974. 14. Bacharach and Lawler, Power and Politics in Organizations, pp. 94-95. 15. Frey, "Coalitions in Community Planning," p. 76. 16. Croan and Lees, Building Effective Coalitions, p. 6. 17. R. Warren, "Types of Purposive So cial Change at the Community Level," Brandeis University Paper in Social Welfare, No. 11, 1965, reprinted in War ren, TYuth, Love and Social Change and Other Essays on Community Change (Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1971). 18. S. Rees, "Building a Fair Thx Coali tion," Citizen Participation, 5 (Winter 1985), pp. 8-9. 19. J. Cohen, "What Every Social Work er Should Know about Political Action," Social Work, 11 (July 1966), pp. 3-11. 20. Ibid., p. 10. 21. V. Smith, "How Interest Groups In fluence Legislators," Social Work, 24 (May 1979), p. 238. 22. Dluhy, Changing the System, p. 67. 23. J. R. Dumpson, "Challenge and Change in Public Welfare," Public Welfare, 33 (Winter 1975), p. 16. 24. H. Weiner, "Survival Through Coali tion: The Case of Addiction Programs," in F. Perlmutter, ed„ Human Services at Risk: Administrative Strategies for Surviv al (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1984). 25. M. Roberts, "Political Advocacy: An Alternative Strategy of Administrative Prac tice," Social Development Issues, 7 (Winter 1983), pp 22-31: and M. Roberts-DeGennaro, "Factors Contributing to Coalition Main tenance," Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, in press.
Race, Class, and Cultural Reproduction: Critical Theories in Urban Education

A pesar los intentos de reformas educativas en Estados Unidos por decadas, la educacion urbana continua siendo un punto de discusion politica sin solucion para los educadores. Los datos a nivel nacional y estatal aun muestran disparidades en el aprovechamiento y el logro academico en estudiantes de comunidades urbanas pobres y de mucha afluencia (sobrepobladas). Si las politicas pasadas no han demostrado ser efectivas en mejorar sustancialmente los sistemas educativos urbanos, la pregunta es ?por que? En este articulo el argumento es que las carencias de las politicas educativas urbanas tienen su origen en su fundamentacion epistemologica. Las politicas estan divorciadas del entendimiento de la "problematica urbana". En direccion de estas politicas, los funcionalistas han buscado, en gran parte, "arreglar"' las escuelas urbanas con un enfoque en puntos de discusion microecologicos. En este articulo se exploran tres perspectivas teoricas en cuanto a su contribucion potencial para proporcionar informacion a la investigacion y a las politicas de la educacion urbana. Estas tres perspectivas son: 1) teorias de clase, 2) teoria critica de la raza y 3) teorias de la reproduccion cultural
Proteus - a new computational scheme for deformable particles and particle interaction problems

Proteus1 is a new code that utilizes elements of the Immersed Boundary (IB) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) as well as a Direct Forcing (DF) scheme. As a computational method, it is very flexible and it appears to be ideal in solving fluid-particle interaction problems including problems with deformable boundaries. Proteus uses a regular Eulerian grid for the flow domain and a regular Lagrangian grid to follow particles that are contained in the flow field. The rigid body conditions for the fluid and the particles are enforced by applying the external force acting on the boundary of particles. A penalty method is used, which assumes that the particle boundary is deformable with a high stiffness constant. The velocity fields for the fluid and particles are solved by incorporating a force density term into the lattice Boltzmann equation. This force term is determined by using a technique that is based on the direct forcing scheme. Proteus preserves all the advantages of LBM in tracking a group of particles and, at the same time, provides an alternative and better approach to treating the solid-fluid boundary conditions. Because of this it provides for a smooth boundary interface, with only a few nodes assigned for the size of particles. This new method also solves the problems of fluctuation of the forces and velocities on the particles when the “bounceback” boundary conditions are applied. The method has the capability to simulate deformable particles and fluid-structure deformation. The results of the Proteus code have been validated by comparison with results from other computational methods as well as experimental data. Some of the validation results will be given in the presentation of this paper.
Disorders of Red Cell Production and the Iron-Loading Anemias

Anemias are a numerous and diverse group of disorders, ranging from limited erythroid precursor production to premature senescence of RBCs. In many cases, anemia is associated with hypoproliferative erythropoiesis (HE), while in other forms, with ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). HE leads to a reduction of the erythron and consequent anemia by absent or limited proliferation of the erythroid precursors. In contrast, the anemia in IE occurs despite expansion of the erythron. In some cases, IE is triggered by impaired maturation of the erythroid precursors while, in others, by hemolysis and/or premature senescence of RBCs. In some forms of hypoproliferative anemia, administration of iron and an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), such as recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), might be required. In aplastic and IE-associated anemias, blood transfusion and iron chelation may be necessary as supportive therapies.
Allgemeine Geschichte. Sprache und Schrift

Es soll im folgenden in den allerknappsten Umrissen der geographische und zeitliche Rahmen skizziert werden, in dem sich die Kulturen entwickelt haben, deren mathematisches Denken wir hier zu verfolgen suchen. Es kann dabei nicht mehr erreicht werden als eine ungefahre Erklarung der historischen Begriffe, die wir im folgenden ofters zu erwahnen haben werden. Jedes Studium von Einzelfragen verlangt selbstverstandlich ein sehr viel genaueres Eingehen auf die auseren geschichtlichen Vorgange, als es hier geboten werden kann.
SEX PHEROMONE OF THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY: CHEMISTRY AND FIELD ECOLOGY

Abstract Male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) produce and release 4 chemical compounds as a sex pheromone to attract sexually mature females. Active extracts prepared from the entire body of 9-day-old male flies were purified by column chromatography, and 2 alcohols and 2 lactones were isolated. The 2 alcohols have been identified as Z-3-nonen-1-ol and Z,Z-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, and these were synthesized and shown to have behavioral activity when bioassayed in the laboratory with 10-day-old female flies. Extracts of male A. suspensa attracted female A. ludens , the Mexican fruit fly, and extracts of male A. ludens attracted female A. suspensa . Analyses of A. ludens showed the presence of the same 4 compounds found in A. suspensa pheromone extracts, but in different relative proportions. It seems probable that the two species utilize the same 4 compounds as a sex pheromone.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation protects systemic glucose tolerance and muscle metabolism

The protective effects of lower body subcutaneous adiposity are linked to the depot functioning as a ”metabolic sink” receiving and sequestering excess lipid. This postulate, however, is based on i...
Are Existing Knowledge Transfer Techniques Effective for Deep Learning with Edge Devices

With the emergence of edge computing paradigm, many applications such as image recognition and augmented reality require to perform machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) tasks on edge devices. Most AI and ML models are large and computational-heavy, whereas edge devices are usually equipped with limited computational and storage resources. Such models can be compressed and reduced for deployment on edge devices, but they may lose their capability and not perform well. Recent works used knowledge transfer techniques to transfer information from a large network (termed teacher) to a small one (termed student) in order to improve the performance of the latter. This approach seems to be promising for learning on edge devices, but a thorough investigation on its effectiveness is lacking. This paper provides an extensive study on the performance (in both accuracy and convergence speed) of knowledge transfer, considering different student architectures and different techniques for transferring knowledge from teacher to student. The results show that the performance of KT does vary by architectures and transfer techniques. A good performance improvement is obtained by transferring knowledge from both the intermediate layers and last layer of the teacher to a shallower student. But other architectures and transfer techniques do not fare so well and some of them even lead to negative performance impact.
Engineering the hard-soft tissue interface with random-to-aligned nanofiber scaffolds.

Tendon injuries can be difficult to heal and have high rates of relapse due to stress concentrations caused by scar formation and the sutures used in surgical repair. Regeneration of the tendon/ligament-to-bone interface is critical to provide functional graft integration after injury. The objective of this study is to recreate the tendon-to-bone interface using a gradient scaffold which is fabricated by a one-station electrospinning process. Two cell phenotypes were grown on a poly-e-caprolactone nanofiber scaffold which possesses a gradual transition from random to aligned nanofiber patterns. We assessed the effects of the polymer concentration, tip-to-collector distance, and electrospinning time on the microfiber diameter and density. Osteosarcoma and fibroblast cells were seeded on the random and aligned sections of scaffolds, respectively. A random-to-aligned cocultured tissue interface which mimicked the native transition in composition of enthesis was created after 96 h culturing. The results showed that the microstructure gradient influenced the cell morphology, tissue topology, and promoted enthesis formation. This study demonstrates a heterogeneous nanofiber scaffold strategy for interfacial tissue regeneration. It provides a potential solution for mimicking transitional interface between distinct tissues, and can be further developed as a heterogeneous cellular composition platform to facilitate the formation of multi-tissue complex systems.
From complexity to distinctiveness: The effect of expertise on letter perception

Fluent, adult readers of alphabetic languages encounter hundreds of millions of individual letters. What is the impact of such extensive experience on the perception and identification of letters? Recent evidence indicates that expert and naive observers perceive letters differently. Here, we focus on the relationship between expertise and letter complexity (number of visual features) and distinctiveness (overlap in features with the other letters of the alphabet). Using a same-different letter judgement task, we examined the performance of individuals with high levels of expertise with Roman letters, but with different amounts of experience with the Arabic alphabet. The results reveal a trade-off between letter complexity and distinctiveness, such that while naive individuals are sensitive only to letter complexity and not distinctiveness, the opposite is true for individuals with high expertise with an alphabet. These findings reveal a learning trajectory in which, with increasing experience, the influence of letter complexity is supplanted by distinctiveness, which requires an understanding of the relationship of each letter to the other possible letter shapes in the alphabet as a whole.
The live poultry trade and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza: Regional differences between Europe, West Africa, and Southeast Asia.

In the past two decades, avian influenzas have posed an increasing international threat to human and livestock health. In particular, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, leading to the deaths of millions of poultry and hundreds of people. The two main means of international spread are through migratory birds and the live poultry trade. We focus on the role played by the live poultry trade in the spread of H5N1 across three regions widely infected by the disease, which also correspond to three major trade blocs: the European Union (EU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Across all three regions, we found per-capita GDP (a proxy for modernization, general biosecurity, and value-at-risk) to be risk reducing. A more specific biosecurity measure–general surveillance–was also found to be mitigating at the all-regions level. However, there were important inter-regional differences. For the EU and ASEAN, intra-bloc live poultry imports were risk reducing while extra-bloc imports were risk increasing; for ECOWAS the reverse was true. This is likely due to the fact that while the EU and ASEAN have long-standing biosecurity standards and stringent enforcement (pursuant to the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures), ECOWAS suffered from a lack of uniform standards and lax enforcement.
Starting on the Right Foot: Carryover Effects of Larval Hydroperiod and Terrain Moisture on Post-metamorphic Frog Movement Behavior

Changing patterns of precipitation and drought will dramatically influence the distribution and persistence of lentic habitats. Pond-breeding amphibians can often respond to changes in habitat by plastically shifting behavioral and developmental trait response. However, fitness tradeoffs inherent in life history strategies can carry over to impact development, behavior, and fitness in later life stages. In this experiment, we investigated carryover effects of hydroperiod permanence on the movement behavior of newly-metamorphosed juvenile Northern Red-legged Frogs (Rana aurora). Frogs were raised through metamorphosis in mesocosms under either permanent or ephemeral hydroperiod conditions. After metamorphosis, individuals were removed from the mesocosms, measured, uniquely tagged with elastomer, and moved to holding terrariums. Movement behavior was quantified under two terrain conditions: a physiologically-taxing, dry runway treatment, or a control, moist runway treatment. Individuals were given 30 minutes to move down the 1x20m enclosed structure before distance was measured. We applied a hurdle model to examine two distinct components of movement behavior: 1) the probability of moving away from the start location, and 2) movement distance. We found that hydroperiod condition had an indirect carryover effect on movement via the relationship between individual size and the propensity to move. Individuals from ephemeral mesocosm conditions metamorphosed at a smaller size but showed increased growth rates as compared to individuals from permanent hydroperiod conditions. Individual snout-vent length and runway condition (moist or dry) were significant predictors of both aspects of movement behavior. Larger individuals were more likely to move down the runway and able to move a farther distance than smaller individuals. In addition to the influence of size, dry runway conditions reduced the probability of individuals moving from the start location, but increased the distance traveled relative to the moist runway. The demonstrated cumulative impact of stressors suggests the importance of addressing direct, indirect, and carryover effects of stressors throughout ontogeny.
From data points to people: feminist situated ethics in online big data research

Many ethical concerns in online big data research stem from a pervasive assumption that data are disembodied and place-less. While some scholars have begun addressing the ethical dilemmas of big da...
Two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction with latissimus flap: Prepectoral versus subpectoral approach

Summary Background Use of latissimus flap in prosthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy is an established approach, particularly in patients who have failed breast-conserving therapy. This study presents a comparison of the prepectoral and the subpectoral approach for two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction with a latissimus flap. Methods A retrospective review of outcomes and complications was completed between the prepectoral group (n = 33 patients, 50 reconstructed breasts) and the subpectoral group (n = 22 patients, 36 reconstructed breasts). Results The demographics were similar between the prepectoral and subpectoral groups in terms of mean age (52.4 vs. 52.5 years, p = 0.97), smoking history (15.1% vs. 13.6%; p = 1.00), radiation history (75.8% vs. 91.0%; p = 0.28), and mean length of follow-up (479 vs. 680 days; p = 0.07). The body mass index was significantly higher in the prepectoral group (27.6 vs. 25.2 kg/m2; p = 0.03). Complications were similar between the groups in terms of hematoma (9.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.26), infection resulting in implant failure (9.1% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.64), thromboembolic events (3.0% vs. 4.5%, p = 1.0), donor site seroma (66.7% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.09), breast seroma (18.2% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.51), capsular contracture (9.1% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.64), animation deformity (39.4% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.58), and reoperation (24.2% vs. 22.8%, p = 1.00). Patient satisfaction scores were also similar between the groups (4.33 ± 1.08 vs. 4.14 ± 1.13, p = 0.52). Conclusions The prepectoral approach for two-stage immediate prosthetic reconstruction with a latissimus flap has similar outcomes and complications to those of the subpectoral approach, yet obviating the need for any pectoralis major muscle dissection.