cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Various Formulations of Three-Phase Flow in Porous Media

Various formulations of the governing equations that describe three-phase (e.g., water, oil, and gas) flow in porous media, including phase, global, and pseudo-global pressure-saturation formulations, are discussed in this paper. Comparisons of these differential formulations are theoretically and numerically presented for the first time. It is shown that the global pressure-saturation formulation is the most efficient one from the computational point of view in the case where the three-phase relative permeability and capillary pressure curves satisfy a so-called total differential condition, the pseudo-global formulation is useful when the fractional flow functions of the water and gas phases are close to their respective mean values, and the phase formulation can be applied generally.
A new estimate for present-day Cocos-Caribbean Plate motion: Implications for slip along the Central American Volcanic Arc

Velocities from 153 continuously-operatingGPS sites on the Caribbean, North American, and Pacic plates arecombinedwith61newlyestimatedPacic-Cocosseafloor spreading rates and additional marine geophysical data to deriveanewestimate of present-dayCocos-Caribbean plate motion. AcomparisonofthepredictedCocos-Caribbean di- rectiontoslipdirectionsofnumerousshallow-thrustsubduc- tion earthquakes from the Middle America trench between Costa Rica and Guatemala shows the slip directions to be deflected 10 clockwise from the plate convergence direc- tion, supporting thehypothesisthatfrequentdextralstrike- slip earthquakes along the Central American volcanic arc result from partitioning of oblique Cocos-Caribbean plate convergence. Linear velocity analysis for forearc locations in Nicaragua and Guatemala predicts 14 2m m yr 1 of northwestward trench-parallel slip of the forearc relative to theCaribbean plate, possibly decreasing inmagnitude inEl Salvador and Guatemala, where extension east of the vol- canic arc complicates the tectonic setting.
Further Evidence for Resonant Photoelectron−Solvent Scattering in Nitrous Oxide Cluster Anions†

The effects of anion solvation by N(2)O on photoelectron angular distributions are revisited in light of new photoelectron imaging results for the NO(-)(N(2)O)(n), n = 0-4 cluster anions at 266 nm. The new observations are examined in the context of the previous studies of O(-) and NO(-) anions solvated in the gas phase by nitrous oxide [Pichugin; et al. J. Chem. Phys. et al. 2008, 129, 044311.; Velarde; et al. J. Chem. Phys. et al. 2007, 127, 084302.]. The photoelectron angular distributions collected in the three separate studies are summarized and analyzed using bare O(-) and NO(-) as zero-solvation references. Solvent-induced deviations of the angular distributions from the zero-solvation reference are scaled by solvation number (n) to yield solvent-induced anisotropy differentials. These differentials, calculated identically for the O(-)(N(2)O)(n) and NO(-)(N(2)O)(n) cluster series, show remarkably similar energy dependences, peaking in the vicinity of a known electron-N(2)O scattering resonance. The results support the conclusion that the solvation effect on the photoelectron angular distributions in these cases is primarily due to resonant interaction of photoelectrons with the N(2)O solvent, rather than a solvent-induced perturbation of the parent-anion electronic wave function.
Finite temperature spectral densities of momentum and R -charge correlators in N = 4 Yang-Mills theory

We compute spectral densities of momentum and $R$-charge correlators in thermal $\mathcal{N}=4$ Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. For $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}T$ and smaller, the spectral density differs markedly from perturbation theory; there is no kinetic theory peak. For large $\ensuremath{\omega}$, the spectral density oscillates around the zero temperature result with an exponentially decreasing amplitude. Contrast this with QCD where the spectral density of the current-current correlator approaches the zero temperature result like $(T/\ensuremath{\omega}{)}^{4}$. This difference is related to the absence of cuts in the retarded Green function in $\mathcal{N}=4$ Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. Despite these marked differences with perturbation theory, in Euclidean space-time the correlators differ by only $\ensuremath{\sim}10%$ from the free result. The implications for lattice QCD measurements of transport are discussed.
An Effective Potential for Adsorption of Polar Molecules on Graphite

Each carbon atom in the graphite crystal has a quadrupole moment due to the symmetry of the crystal. We show that these graphite quadrupoles, along with the polarizability of graphite, have a substantial effect on adsorption of strongly polar molecules. We present an approximate method for accounting for the change in the solid–fluid potential energy due to polar interactions with graphite. The potential function is integrated over the graphite surface using a truncated Fourier series, so that the resulting potential is analogous to the Steele 10-4-3 potential. The interactions included in this potential include dipole-induced dipole, dipole–quadrupole, and quadrupole–quadrupole interactions. Hence, the potential can be used for fluid molecules with dipole and/or quadrupole moments. Fluid–fluid multipole interactions can be computed with any model; but point multipoles must be used in the solid–fluid potential. The multipole solid–fluid potential is most accurate for nearly spherical molecules.
Social Influence by Requesting Self-Prophecy

Asking people to predict whether they will perform a target action often increases the probability of their performing that action. This article reviews published and unpublished research evidence for this “self-prophecy” phenomenon and reports 2 new experiments. The studies reviewed demonstrate that the self-prophecy effect occurs in a variety of situations and that it is a moderate-size effect. The new experiments introduce a 1 -session procedure that is considerably more efficient in testing theory than the 2-session procedure of previous experiments. In the prior studies, as in the present self-prophecy studies, participants appear to reduce a discrepancy between their principles and their behavior, made salient by prediction, through changing the behavior. Toward the ends of encouraging future investigation and developing theoretical understanding of the effect, the article concludes with discussion of related programs of research that may provide theoretical explanations for the effect.
Interfacial Reactions Between Co and GaAs

Interfacial reactions between Co and GaAs have been studied using bulk diffusion couples of Co (∼0.5 mm thick)/GaAs and thin-film Co(∼-40 nm) on (001)GaAs as well as the epitaxial formation of CoAs and CoGa on (001)GaAs. In addition, phase diagram of Co-Ga-As at 600°C was determined. The thin-film results are rationalized in terms of the phase diagram and bulk diffusion data.
Summed-area tables for texture mapping

Texture-map computations can be made tractable through use of precalculated tables which allow computational costs independent of the texture density. The first example of this technique, the “mip” map, uses a set of tables containing successively lower-resolution representations filtered down from the discrete texture function. An alternative method using a single table of values representing the integral over the texture function rather than the function itself may yield superior results at similar cost. The necessary algorithms to support the new technique are explained. Finally, the cost and performance of the new technique is compared to previous techniques.
Experimental study of wall boundary conditions for large-eddy simulation

Copyright 2001 Cambridge University Press. Marusic, Ivan and Kunkel, Gary J and Porte-Agel, Fernando (2001) Experimental study of wall boundary conditions for large-eddy simulation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 446:pp. 309-320. http://www.jfm.damtp.cam.ac.uk/
Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir: Interferon-/Ribavirin-Free Regimen for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Objectives: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Data Sources: A literature search through clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, and PubMed was conducted (January 1966 to October 2014) using the terms ledipasvir, sofosbuvir, GS-5885, and GS-7977. References from retrieved articles and abstracts presented at recent meetings were reviewed for any additional material. The prescribing information was also reviewed. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Phase 1, 2, and 3 human and animal studies describing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for HCV were identified. Data Synthesis: Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir, a fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet inhibiting nonstructural (NS) 5A and 5B proteins, without peginterferon and ribavirin is indicated for adult patients with genotype 1 HCV infection who are treatment naive or experienced, with or without cirrhosis. Pivotal trials (n = 1952) have dem...
THE INACTIVATION OF TRYPSIN : II. THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN TRYPSIN AND THE INHIBITING SUBSTANCE FORMED BY ITS ACTION ON PROTEINS.

1. A study has been made of the equilibrium existing between trypsin and the substances formed in the digestion of proteins which inhibit its action. 2. This substance could not be obtained by the hydrolysis of the proteins by acid or alkali. It is dialyzable. 3. The equilibrium between this substance (inhibitor) and trypsin is found to agree with the equation, trypsin + inhibitor right harpoon over left harpoon trypsin-inhibitor The equilibrium is reached instantaneously and is independent of the substrate concentration. If it be further assumed that the rate of hydrolysis is proportional to the concentration of the free trypsin and that the equilibrium conforms to the law of mass action, it is possible to calculate the experimental results by the application of the law of mass action. 4. The equilibrium has been studied by varying (a) the concentration of the inhibiting substance, (b) the concentration of trypsin, (c) the concentration of gelatin, and (d) the concentration of trypsin and inhibitor (the relative concentration of the two remaining the same). In all cases the results agree quantitatively with those predicted by the law of mass action. 5. It was found that the percentage retarding effect of the inhibiting substance on the rate of hydrolysis is independent of the hydrogen ion concentration between pH 6.3 and 10.0. 6. The fact that the experimental results agree with the mechanism outlined under 3, is contrary to the assumption that any appreciable amount of trypsin is combined with the gelatin at any one time; i.e., the velocity of the hydrolysis must depend on the time required for such a compound to form rather than for it to decompose. 7. The experiments may be considered as experimental proof of the validity of Arrhenius' explanation of Schutz's rule as applied to trypsin digestion. 8. Inactivated trypsin does not enter into the equilibrium.
Nitric oxide modulates spontaneous swallowing behavior in near-term ovine fetus

Human and ovine fetuses demonstrate an enhanced rate of swallowing, an activity critical for amniotic fluid regulation. Fetal swallowing may be modulated by both systemic and central factors. Nitri...
On the exact and approximate throughput analysis of closed queuing networks with blocking

A type of blocking is investigated in which, on completion of its service, a job attempts to enter a new station. If, at that moment, the destination station is full, the job is forced to reside in the server of the source station until a place becomes available in the destination station. The server of the source station remains blocked during this period of time. This model is known as a queuing network with transfer blocking. The state space of queuing networks with blocking is reduced by considering finite capacities of the stations. A nonblocking queuing network with the appropriate total number of jobs is derived. The state space of this network is equal to the state space of the blocking queuing network. The transformation of state space is exact for two-station networks and approximate for three-or-more station cases. The approximation has been validated by executing several examples, including stress tests. In all investigated network models, the approximate throughput results deviate, on the average, less than 3% from the simulation results. >
A Historical Analysis of an Adult Education Institution

This study is a historical analysis of an adult education institu tion, the American Institute of Sacred Literature. An attempt is made to determine those factors which led to the establishment, growth, development, decline and death of the Institute. The writer also examines the nature and extent of the Institute's at tachment to other agencies (i.e., through finances, personnel, clien tele, programs, and facilities) and traces changes within the Institute's administration which may have stifled or encouraged growth. A series of questions provide a guiding framework for data collection using much primary source material along with interviews. Examination of the data revealed that the Institute evolved in five phases: Establishment and Innovation, Reorganiza tion and Adaptation, University Inclusion and Stability, Inflexi bility and Decline, and Retrenchment and Dissolution. Information is provided on one of the earliest correspondence schools in the United States, the career of William Rainey Harper, and...
Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation of HL-60: Studies in Vitro and in Vivo

Recent studies on transformation of cells has been elucidating the regulation and mechanism of cell proliferation and differentiation at the molecular level. Malignant transformation characterized by immortality and indefinite cell proliferation can be considered as a blockade in or a lack of ability to differentiate terminally. In bone marrow, for example, the maintenance of haematopoiesis is obviously based on a balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, the diversity of more mature haematopoietic cells has to be maintained and controlled properly. Whatever are the primary causes of leukemia (i.e., viruses, oncogenes, chemical carcinogens, etc.), the normal regulation for haematopoietic maintenance is apparently disrupted in leukemia. In this context, an understanding of regulation and mechanism of cell proliferation and differentiation is indispensable for the eluciation of transformation of cells.
PERFORMANCE OF CHURCHES DURING THE DARFIELD EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 4, 2010

SUMMARY This paper focuses on the structural behaviour and types of failure of churches located in the general Canterbury area following the Darfield earthquake of September 04, 2010. Given the variability in architectural styles, structural systems and properties of underlying soils, different patterns of damage were identified including out-of-plane gable failures, collapse of bell towers and cracking due to liquefaction and ground settlement. An architectural and historical landmark of Christchurch, the Christchurch Cathedral, suffered insignificant damage during the earthquake mainly because of its seismic retrofitting during 2006-2007. However many other church structures required retrofitting and supporting measures to avoid additional damage.
Point of View Assignment

This note asks students to develop a persuasive message on a current business/society issue. The note makes suggestions about developing a topic for an oral presentation and a written document. It is supplemented by Point of View Reading List (UVA-BC-0167).
On the secularisation of the image of God : the resurgence of the human dignity debate in contemporary bioethics discourse

Recourse to the concept of human dignity in contemporary bioethics most notable for its pragmatic ambiguity, particularly as an argument stopper. Indeed, lack of conceptual clarity has characteristically inflamed both sides of the debate as to whether the notion of human dignity has any relevance in today's principlism-dominated bioethics. In fact, arguments about human dignity are usually emotive gut feelings and lacking in rational conceptual analysis (Hailer and Ritschl 1996:94). Remarkably, the debate on human dignity traverses cultures and many other arenas of contemporary moral discourse, besides Western bioethics. What emerges from this diverse discourse on human dignity is that there is a critical need for conceptual clarity of the notion of human dignity itself that can transcend contemporary moral relativism (Pellegrino 2008a:xii). In this article, therefore, I focus on the conceptual clarity of the notionof human dignity in contemporary bioethics discourse, and examine the resurgence of the debate as to its relevance today. I will particularly explore the implications of the modern philosophical secularisation of human dignity and re-appraise the, arguably, inextricably religious roots of the concept. So, let us first examine the modern philosophical conceptualisation of the notion of human dignity.
Scale and Resolution

Suppose that w = w(t) is a function of one real variable. For a > 0 and any real b, the new function wab defined by $$ w{}_{ab}(t)^{\underline{\underline {\rm {def}}} } \frac{1}{{\sqrt a }}w(\frac{{t - b}}{a}),$$ (5.1) is a shifted and stretched copy of w. For example, if w = 1 is the indicator function of the interval [0, 1], then wab is the indicator function of the interval [b, b + a],√a divided by
John Edward Hasse and Tad Lathrop, Discover Jazz and Thomas E. Larson, History and Tradition of Jazz

Jazz history texts address two different audiences: jazz performance majors whose first commitment is to their lessons and ensembles, and non-majors interested in satisfying cultural studies requirements. Discover Jazz by John Edward Hasse and Tad Lathrop takes a broad, culturally grounded view of jazz, while History and Tradition of Jazz by Tomas E. Larson takes a more nuts-and-bolts approach that focuses on the history of styles and musicians, accompanied by a simpler and shorter discussion of jazz’s historical and cultural contexts. Both books target general audiences and are intended for introductory courses.
Stochastic or systematic? Seemingly random perceptual switching in bistable events triggered by transient unconscious cues.

What we see is a function not only of incoming stimulation, but of unconscious inferences in visual processing. Among the most powerful demonstrations of this are bistable events, but what causes the percepts of such events to switch? Beyond voluntary effort and stochastic processing, we explore the ways in which ongoing dynamic percepts may switch as a function of the content of brief, unconscious, independent cues. We introduced transient disambiguating occlusion cues into the Spinning Dancer silhouette animation. The dancer is bistable in terms of depth and rotation direction, but many observers see extended rotation in the same direction, interrupted only rarely by involuntary switches. Observers failed to notice these occasional disambiguating cues, but their impact was strong and systematic: Cues typically led to seemingly stochastic perceptual switches shortly thereafter, especially when conflicting with the current percept. These results show how the content of incoming information determines and constrains online conscious perception—even when neither the content nor the brute existence of that information ever reaches awareness. Thus, just as phenomenological ease does not imply a corresponding lack of underlying effortful computation, phenomenological randomness should not be taken to imply a corresponding lack of underlying systematicity.
Intercultural integration and informational infrastructure: A case study from the Russian Federation and former Soviet Union

Peaceful development of large and fractious interethnic nations and regions is facilitated by and may require a shared informational infrastructure that meets the following conditions: public service orientation; independence of major state and corporate centers of power; contributing to the functioning of nationwide institutions of economic, political and cultural importance; and commanding benign public perception. With specific reference to the Russian news agency Interfax, this article explores the ‘black box’ of the often touted but seldom explicated relationship between news agencies and national or regional ‘development.’ It finds that Interfax has played an important role in the establishment of a political and economic, horizontal informational infrastructure that meets the above conditions. The article concludes that Interfax contributed to a new informational paradigm, synchronizing with macro processes of political and economic reform, and enveloping a heteroegenous swathe of Russia, the forme...
Titanium-Aluminide Alloys Between the Compositions Ti3 Al and TiAl

Many questions still remain about the Ti-Al phase diagram, particularly for the compositions between the intermetallic compounds Ti3Al and TiAl. In an experimental study of the phase equilibria, titanium-aluminum alloys with 44, 46, 48, 50 at.% aluminum were produced by drop casting, HIP, and a double forging process method. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), optical metallography, and residual oxygen analysis were performed in order to characterize the low and high temperature phase equilibria of the alloys. The experimental results are compared with the calculated Ti-Al phase diagram which is being modeled concurrently. For the bcc, hcp and liquid phases, the Margules type of equations are used to represent the excess Gibbs energies. A maximum of six parameters are used for each of the phases. For the TiAl (Llo) and Ti3Al (D019 ) phases, the Wagner-Schottky type of equations are used to represent the Gibbs energies. All of the other phases are treated as line compounds. Values of the solution parameters were obtained by optimization using existing thermochemical and phase boundary data reported in the literature. The calculated results show that the high temperature hcp phase field is stable between approximately 34 at% Al, in equilibrium with β and α2 up to about 48 at% Al in equilibrium with γ and L and forms from the liquid by a peritectic reaction β+L-α. The experimental results obtained to date for the four alloys are consistent with the calculated equilibria which is being refined and also allows for an estimate of the metastable equilibria.
Mechanisms of bone resorption in myeloma

Bone destruction is very common in myeloma and occurs in over 80% of patients 1 . It is responsible for some of the most devastating complications of the disease including pathologic fractures, bone pain and hypercalcemia. However, the mechanisms responsible for bone destruction in myeloma and the inability of the osteoblast to repair bone lesions even when the disease is in clinical remission remain unknown. Several factors have been implicated in the bone destructive process in myeloma including increased levels of RANKL, which are induced by myeloma cells in the marrow microenvironment 2 . Several studies have suggested that RANKL is produced by myeloma cells themselves 3,4 . In addition, myeloma cells suppress expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the marrow microenvironment further enhancing the bone destructive process 5 . We have used an expression cloning approach to identify novel soluble factors produced by myeloma cells that enhance osteoclastic bone destruction, and have identified macrophage inflammatory peptide-1· (MIP-1·) as an osteoclast stimulatory factor produced by myeloma cells that enhances osteoclast formation independently of RANKL 6,7 . Furthermore, MIP-1· can enhance the effects of RANKL and IL-6 on human osteoclastogenesis. In vivo studies using a murine model of myeloma bone disease have shown that inhibiting MIP-1· activity blocks both destruction and tumor growth 8,9 . MIP-1· enhances both the homing of myeloma cells to the marrow as well as growth of myeloma cells. Recently, we have found that the transcriptional regulation of MIP-1· production by myeloma cells is abnormal and that the acute myeloid leukemia transcription factor, AML1B, is markedly decreased in myeloma cells compared to
Diagnostic phrasing is independently correlated with the decision to treat for graft-versus-host disease: retrospective review of colon biopsies with rare apoptosis.

Aims The risks of immunosuppression and the non-specific nature of rare crypt apoptosis has led to debate over the lower threshold for histological diagnosis of colonic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A recent study proposed the diagnostic category of indeterminate for GVHD (iGVHD) for cases with six or fewer apoptotic bodies per 10 crypts. Our aim was to assess colon biopsies with iGVHD histology to determine whether the diagnosis was retrospectively predictive of the decision to treat, and to correlate these findings with endoscopic and clinical findings. Methods and results A retrospective search was performed for colonic biopsies taken to evaluate for GVHD from 2008 to 2014. Biopsies were blindly reviewed for the maximum number of apoptotic bodies per 10 contiguous crypts, evidence of crypt dropout, and ulceration. Clinical information was collected through chart review. One hundred and twenty-two biopsies from 84 transplant patients were included. Forty-seven cases met the histological criteria for iGVHD. Patients with an original diagnosis of iGVHD were more likely to be managed conservatively than those with a diagnosis of grade 1 GVHD (25% versus 0%). Eight symptomatic patients reclassified as iGVHD had resolution of symptoms without increased immunosuppression. A clinicopathologically similar group of 10 patients with iGVHD histology, normal or subtle endoscopic findings and no evidence of GVHD at other organ sites were treated with increased immunosuppression. On multivariate analysis, the original diagnostic category was the most significant predictor of the decision to treat. Conclusion The use of the diagnostic category iGVHD alerts clinicians to the presence of minimal crypt apoptosis, and allows treatment based on clinical judgement.
Intra-arterial bevacizumab with blood brain barrier disruption in a glioblastoma xenograft model.

PURPOSE In this study we investigated the treatment response and survival of intra-arterial (IA) compared to intra-peritoneal (IP) delivery of bevacizumab (BV) in a glioblastoma (GBM) xenograft mouse model. METHODS 3x10(5) U87-Luc cells were stereotactically implanted into the cortex of 35 nude mice and grouped for treatment (n = 7 in each group): IP saline (group 1), single IP BV (group 2), biweekly IP BV for 3 weeks (group 3), single intra-arterial (IA) BV alone (group 4) and single IA BV with blood brain barrier disruption (BBBD) (group 5). Tumor growth was monitored every 3 to 4 days using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and survival was analyzed by the Kaplan Meier method. Tumor tissue was analyzed using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Based on BLI, BV treated mice showed a delayed tumor growth over time compared to control. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated a median survival time of 28 days for group 1,31 days for group 2, 34 days for group 3, 36 days for group 4 and 36 days for group 5 (p < 0.0001). Mice treated with repeated IP BV (p = 0.003) or single IA BV with (p = 0.015) or without (p = 0.005) BBBD showed a significant survival benefit compared to single IP BV treated mice. Post mortem analysis revealed a histological pattern with a more discontinuous border between tumor and mouse brain in the repeated IP BV and single IA BV with or without BBBD treated mice compared to the sharply defined edges of single IP BV treated and control mice. CONCLUSIONS In this study we showed a significant survival benefit of repeated IP BV and single IA BV with or without BBBD treated mice compared to single IP BV treated and control mice in a U87 xenograft model.
Developing a Recursive Evaluation Plan of a Complex Interprofessional Healthcare Education Initiative

0 0 1 124 746 SHRP, Rutgers 62 17 853 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE Background: A university interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional practice (IPP) initiative is a complex undertaking: incorporating multiple system levels (administration, faculty, students, patients), integrating many theoretical perspectives, and coordinating a host of individual IPE research projects. Guidance for evaluating such an IPE initiative is lacking. Methods and Findings: We describe five key challenges to evaluating the effectiveness of such an initiative, and the processes and tools we have developed to meet those challenges. We draw from recent developments in evaluation science to theoretically ground our description. Additionally, we share concrete tools we have developed in the process. By tacking between theoretical and concrete aspects of our efforts, we hope to both provide ideas for other IPE initiatives, as well as provide a basis for future research comparing cases (complex university IPE initiatives). Conclusions: While all complex IPE university initiatives are unique, we suspect that they share many common evaluation challenges. By framing these common practical challenges as common theoretical challenges, we seek to offer a description of our concrete case as well as a basis for future comparison of similar initiatives.
Radiation-pressure-induced nonlinearity in microdroplets

High quality (Q) factor whispering gallery modes (WGMs) can induce nonlinear effects in liquid droplets through mechanisms such as radiation pressure, Kerr nonlinearity, and thermal effects. However, such nonlinear effects, especially those due to radiation pressure, have yet to be thoroughly investigated and compared in the literature. In this study, we present an analytical approach that can exactly calculate the droplet deformation induced by the radiation pressure. The accuracy of the analytical approach is confirmed through numerical analyses based on the boundary element method. We show that the nonlinear optofluidic effect induced by the radiation pressure is stronger than the Kerr effect and the thermal effect under a large variety of realistic conditions. Using liquids with ultralow and experimentally attainable interfacial tension, we further confirm the prediction that it may only take a few photons to produce measurable WGM resonance shift through radiation-pressure-induced droplet deformation.
Palliative epilepsy surgery in Dravet syndrome—case series and review of the literature

Dravet syndrome (DS), also known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is a rare genetic disorder that results in severe childhood-onset epilepsy. Children with DS initially present with seizures in the first year of life that are often associated with fevers. With age, multiple seizure types develop. There are few reports and no guidelines regarding palliative surgical treatment for DS. Therefore, we reviewed our surgical experience with DS. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with genetically confirmed DS who underwent either vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation or corpus callosotomy (CC) from May 2001 to April 2014 at our institution. All inpatient and outpatient relevant documentation were reviewed. Demographic information, genetic mutation, operation performed, and preoperative and postoperative seizure frequency were recorded. Inclusion criteria required greater than one-year postoperative follow-up. Seven children with DS were assessed. Six patients were treated with VNS and one patient was treated with CC. In one child, VNS was followed by CC as a secondary procedure. Therefore, in total, eight surgeries were performed on seven patients during the study period. At least 1 year elapsed from presentation to our hospital and surgery for all patients. Average time after the first seizure to VNS was 4.1 years, and the average time after the first seizure to CC was 7.6 years. The mean age of patients undergoing VNS implantation was 4.3 years, and the mean age for patients undergoing CC was eight. Average follow-up for all seven patients was 6.6 years. Seizures were decreased in five of the six patients with VNS and decreased in the two patients after CC. Four of the six patients who had VNS implanted had a greater than 50 % reduction in seizure frequency, and one of the six patients who had VNS implanted had a less than 50 % reduction in seizure frequency. One patient did not respond effectively to the VNS and had very limited change in seizure frequency. Both patients who had a CC had a greater than 50 % reduction in seizure frequency. Both VNS and CC in patients with DS can be effective at reducing seizure frequency. Patients with DS may benefit from earlier and more aggressive surgical intervention. Studies using larger patient cohorts will help clarify the role that surgery may play in the multidisciplinary approach to controlling seizures in DS. Further studies will help determine the appropriate timing of and type of surgical intervention.
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) graphene oxide composite coatings for controlling magnesium implant corrosion

Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is a promising biodegradable implant material because of its appropriate mechanical properties and safe degradation products. However, in vivo corrosion speed and hydrogen gas production need to be controlled for uses in biomedical applications. Here we report the development of a conducting polymer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene (PEDOT) and graphene oxide (GO) composite coating as a corrosion control layer. PEDOT/GO was electropolymerized on Mg samples in ethanol media. The coated Mg samples were subjected to various corrosion tests. The PEDOT/GO coating significantly reduced the rate of corrosion as evidenced by lower Mg ion concentration and pH of the corrosion media. In addition, the coating decreased the evolved hydrogen. Electrochemical analysis of the corroding samples showed more positive corrosion potential, a decreased corrosion current, and an increase in the polarization resistance. PEDOT/GO corrosion protection is attributed to three factors; an initial passive layer preventing solution ingress, buildup of negative charges in the film, and formation of corrosion protective Mg phosphate layer through redox coupling with Mg corrosion. To explore the biocompatibility of the coated implants in vitro, corrosion media from PEDOT/GO coated or uncoated Mg samples were exposed to cultured neurons where PEDOT/GO coated samples showed decreased toxicity. These results suggest that PEDOT/GO coating will be an effective treatment for controlling corrosion of Mg based medical implants. Statement of Significance Coating Mg substrates with a PEDOT/GO composite coating showed a significant decrease in corrosion rate. While conducting polymer coatings have been used to prevent corrosion on various metals, there has been little work on the use of these coatings for Mg. Additionally, to our knowledge, there has not been a report of the combined used of conducting polymer and GO as a corrosion control layer. Corrosion control is attributed to an initial barrier layer followed by electrochemical coupling of the PEDOT/GO coating with the substrate to facilitate the formation of a protective phosphate layer. This coupling also resulted in a decrease in hydrogen produced during corrosion, which could further improve the host tissue integration of Mg implants. This work elaborates on the potential for electroactive polymers to serve as corrosion control methods.
Exploring the Association of Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences with Maternal Health and Child Behavior Following Intimate Partner Violence.

Abstract Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been empirically linked to a host of negative health outcomes, both physical and psychosocial. Exposures to ACEs make individuals more...
Significance of oliguria in critically ill patients with chronic liver disease.

Clinical guidelines recommend using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for the diagnosis and classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Concerns have been raised about the use of urine output (UO) criteria in CLD. We examined the significance of oliguria meeting the urine output criteria for AKI (AKI-UO) and examined its association with clinical outcomes in CLD patients. Using an eight-year clinical database from a large university medical center, 3458 patients with CLD were identified. AKI occurred in 2854 (82.5%) patients when they fulfilled any KDIGO criteria. When serum creatinine (SC) and UO criteria were used, 604 patients (17.5%) had no evidence of AKI and had the lowest hospital mortality rate (5%). Using AKI-UO criteria alone, 2103 patients (60.8%) were classified as stage 2-3 AKI. When only SC criteria were applied, 1281 (61%) of those patients with Stage 2-3 AKI-UO were misclassified as either no AKI or AKI stage 1. Patients reclassified with AKI according to UO criteria (AKI-UO) had nearly a 3-fold increased rate of hospital mortality compared to patients without any AKI (14.6% vs 5%; p < 0.001), and more than a 50% increased mortality compared to stage 1 AKI-SC (14.6% vs 9%; p <0.001). Patients with transient oliguria (AKI-UO stage 1) had increased mortality rates compared to patients without oliguria (14.9% vs 6.9%; p< 0.001). Conclusions: CLD patients have a high incidence of AKI. Compared with creatinine criteria alone, incorporating urine output into the diagnostic criteria increased the measured incidence of AKI. Stage 2-3 AKI-UO has a high negative impact on hospital mortality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Biases in Analysts' Multiyear Forecasted Income Statements, Balance Sheets, and Cash Flow Statements

We evaluate sell-side equity analysts’ multiyear forecasted income statements, balance sheets and cash flow statements, and the profitability, efficiency and leverage ratios that they imply. Using both small- sample data extracted manually from Investext PDFs, and large-sample data taken from the I/B/E/S non-EPS archival detail history file, we find that analysts’ long-horizon financial statements contain many biases, many but not all of which are optimistic. Analysts make highly optimistic forecasts of long-horizon EPS, ROE, ROA, ROS and asset turnover, driven by overly bullish projections about revenues and all common-sized expenses except income tax, which they forecast pessimistically. Analysts are optimistic about both long-horizon operating cash flows and operating accruals, and while they are unbiased in their forecasts of long-horizon total assets, they underestimate long-horizon debt and overestimate long-horizon equity. Our regressions support the view that analysts strategically inflate their long-horizon forecasts of EPS the more intangible and hard-to-verify are the firm’s assets.
Clinical Characteristics of Dogs with Progressive Myelomalacia Following Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion

Background Progressive myelomalacia (PMM) is a catastrophic disease associated with acute intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Published data on the clinical characteristics of this disease are limited. Objective To describe the onset and progression of clinical signs of PMM in a large case cohort. Animals Fifty-one dogs, 18 with histopathologically confirmed PMM, 33 presumptively diagnosed based on clinical signs and diagnostic imaging. Methods Retrospective study. Dogs with confirmed IVDE and either a histopathologic diagnosis of PMM or a high clinical suspicion were identified by medical record search. Data on nature and progression of signs were extracted. Results Twenty-four of 51 dogs were Dachshunds. T12–T13 was the most common site of disc extrusion (12 of 56), and 18 of 55 of mid-to-caudal lumbar discs (between L3 and L6) were affected. Onset of PMM signs ranged from present at first evaluation (17/51) to 5 days after presentation, with 25 of 51 cases developing signs within 48 hours. Progression of signs from onset of PMM to euthanasia or death, excluding 7 cases euthanized at presentation, ranged from 1 to 13 days with 23 being euthanized within 3 days. Nonspecific systemic signs were documented in 30 of 51 dogs. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The majority of dogs developed PMM within 2 days of presentation and was euthanized within another 3 days. However, onset can be delayed up to 5 days after presentation with progression to euthanasia taking as long as 2 weeks. Mid-to-caudal lumbar discs might be associated with an increased risk of PMM.
The Tort of Negligent Hiring and the Use of Selection Devices: The Employee's Right of Privacy and the Employer's Need to Know

American employers have long known that they are responsible for the negligent acts of an employee acting within the scope of the em ployee's duties or in furtherance of the employer's interests.1 Employers are now discovering that they may also be liable if they hire the wrong person. In fact, an employer may be held liable even if the employee is acting outside the scope of his or her employment.2 The test applied by the courts is: When the employee was hired, did the employer conduct a
ALTERNATE STRUCTURES FOR ADAPTIVE TIME SERIES MODELLING

Abstract In many signal processing and control applications, the real-time identification of an effective parametric model for an observed time series is of paramount importance. Accurate modelling in a non-stationary environment often requires a large order model. As the order of the model increases, however, the computational demands in terms of throughput and precision increase dramatically. Therefore, it is essential to implement the identification algorithms on efficient structures to optimize the cost of real-time modelling. Some limitations for commonly used model structures such as direct form and lattice are discussed. A number of alternate parallel and cascade structures for adaptive time series modelling are analyzed and compared. The consequences of using these structures with existing algorithms like LMS or weighted least squares are investigated in terms of numerical accuracy, computational complexity, and tracking capability. The parallel structure is identified as a promising alternative for large order time series modelling.
Dynamic recrystallization in adiabatic shear banding: Effective-temperature model and comparison to experiments in ultrafine-grained titanium

Abstract Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is often observed in conjunction with adiabatic shear banding (ASB) in polycrystalline materials. The recrystallized nanograins in the shear band have few dislocations compared to the material outside of the shear band. In this paper, we reformulate the recently-developed Langer-Bouchbinder-Lookman (LBL) continuum theory of polycrystalline plasticity and include the creation of grain boundaries. While the shear-banding instability emerges because thermal heating is faster than heat dissipation, recrystallization is interpreted as an entropic effect arising from the competition between dislocation creation and grain boundary formation. We show that our theory closely matches recent results in sheared ultrafine-grained titanium. The theory thus provides a thermodynamically consistent way to systematically describe the formation of shear bands and recrystallized grains therein.
Peripheral Cone Dystrophy: Expanded Clinical Spectrum, Multimodal and Ultrawide-Field Imaging, and Genomic Analysis

Purpose. To present new clinical features, multimodal and ultrawide-field imaging characteristics of peripheral cone dystrophy (PCD), and results of laboratory and genetic investigation to decipher the etiology. Methods. Retrospective observational case-series. Results. Three patients with PCD presented with bilateral paracentral scotomas and a mean visual acuity of 20/25. All exhibited confluent macular hyperautofluorescence with a central bull’s eye lesion. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed loss of outer retinal elements, particularly the inner segment ellipsoid band and external limiting membrane, within the area of macular hyperautofluorescence. This area corresponded with a lightened fundus appearance and variable retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities. Full field and multifocal electroretinography distinguished PCD from other photoreceptor dystrophies. Ultrawide-field imaging revealed irregular peripheral retinal lesions in a distribution greater nasally than temporally and not contiguous with the macular lesion. Functional and anatomic testing remained stable over a mean follow-up of 3 years. Laboratory investigation for causes of uveitis was negative. Whole exome sequencing identified rare variants in genes associated with macular or cone dystrophy or degeneration. Conclusions. In contrast to the original description, the funduscopic and fluorescein angiographic appearance of PCD is abnormal, although the defects are subtle. Peripheral lesions may be observed in some patients. Bilateral, symmetric, macular hyperautofluorescence associated with outer retinal atrophy that spares the fovea is a characteristic of PCD. Pathogenic variants in the same gene were not shared across the cohort, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. Further evaluation is warranted.
American Academy of Pediatrics' Connected Kids program: case study.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is a professional organization of 60,000 pediatricians, pediatric subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists in the United States, Canada, and Latin America dedicated to the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. The AAP provides information for clinicians and patients on a wide variety of topics, ranging from up-to-date information concerning immunization recommendations, safety, and availability to complete programs to support quality improvement in the diagnosis and care of children with attention deficit disorder. In response to the growing epidemic of youth violence and the concerns of its own membership in defining a role to prevent violence, the AAP published a policy statement describing the role of pediatricians in preventing youth violence, advocating physician
Can I Do X

Self-evaluative processes can speak to a variety of motivations. However, as Festinger (1954a,b) observed, one major goal of self-evaluation is the accurate assessment of ability. The proxy model (Wheeler, Martin, & Suls, 1997) prescribes how social comparison information can be used to address the evaluative question, “Can I do X?” Specifically, the model pertains to situations where an individual confronts a novel task of some consequence. The undertaking of such a task would be effortful and failure costly. Thus, the individual attempts to formulate as accurate a performance prediction as possible, before committing to the task itself. Social comparison may facilitate prediction accuracy. A comparison other who already has completed the novel task may, under certain conditions, function as a substitute, or proxy, for the self in anticipating one’s own performance. However, as specified by the proxy model, not all comparison others are equally informative. The applicability of a given comparison target will depend on similarity to self and the alignment of variables such as effort and related attributes.
Ensemble dynamics of intermittency and power-law decay

A spectral decomposition of the Frobenius–Perron operator is constructed for one-dimensional maps with intermittent chaos, using the method of coherent states. A technique using the spectral density function is applied to the the well-known cusp map, which generates weak type-II intermittency. Higher-order corrections are obtained to the leading 1/t long-time behavior of the x−x autocorrelation.