cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Reaction Engineering Practice of Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems

Abstract The Topsoe Catalysis Forum was created as a framework for an open exchange of views on catalysis in fields of interest to Haldor Topsoe. The forum scope included a discussion of new catalytic reactions and new principles of catalysis in an attempt to jointly look beyond the horizon ( Topsoe catalysis forum, 2013 ). The 2013 meeting was dedicated to Modeling and Simulation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes and provided an opportunity to review and discuss the current state of the art in the engineering practice of heterogeneous catalytic systems ( Topsoe catalysis forum, 2013 ). The primary objective of this chapter is to capture key elements of our conference presentation ( Dudukovic, 2013 ) that were focused on multiscale reaction engineering concepts and to what extent these have been applied in the commercial implementation of multiphase heterogeneous catalytic reacting systems. Of particular interest is to identify common approaches and tools used in practice, and to examine their effectiveness in the scale-up and development of more efficient, environmentally friendly catalytic processes. Current practice is limited by the availability of experimental tools to increase the reliability of scale-up, and by the lack of more robust models for analysis and optimization of reactor systems for existing processes or the design of new reactor systems for implementation of new catalytic chemistries. From an economic perspective, the pursuit of short-term financial objectives favors the use of existing reactors with minimal modifications with performance analysis based upon simplified approaches. A longer-term perspective on the development and implementation of more advanced experimental techniques and modeling approaches for reactor analysis that are applicable to commercial reactor conditions would accelerate the development of new process technologies and result in reduced risk with associated lower costs.
Countermeasures and Credibility Assessment

This chapter addresses the use of countermeasures against credibility assessment tests. Countermeasures are anything that a person might do to defeat or distort a test. Credibility assessment tests, like all tests in which the subject has a self-interest, are subject to manipulation and distortion by the test-taker. This chapter focuses on polygraph tests as those tests have wide application and a relatively large scientific literature concerning countermeasures. Initially, a taxonomy of polygraph countermeasures is provided and that taxonomy is used to organize the scientific literature. Although published studies show that some countermeasures are effective in laboratory studies, it appears that hands-on training is needed for effectiveness. Current efforts to deter or detect polygraph countermeasures appear to be inadequate. The chapter concludes with a proposed theoretical model to explain the mechanism of effective countermeasures. Hopefully, theory-based research may advance research to deter and/or detect countermeasures.
Does CBT for anxiety-related disorders alter suicidal ideation? Findings from a naturalistic sample.

Abstract Background Anxiety disorders commonly co-occur with suicidal ideation (SI). To our knowledge, no studies have reported on the baseline prevalence of SI and the reduction in SI in a naturalistic sample receiving cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety-related disorders. Methods Participants (n = 355) recruited from an anxiety specialty clinic reported SI at pre-, mid-, and post-CBT. Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression models compared differences in SI endorsement over Time. Results Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) were associated with significantly elevated baseline SI relative to specific phobia. PTSD and unspecified anxiety-related disorders were associated with significant reductions in SI, whereas reductions in SAD, GAD, OCD, and panic disorder did not reach significance. Rates of new onset and exacerbation of SI were low. Discussion CBT for anxiety disorders was associated with significant reductions in SI over time, with no evidence for exacerbation of suicide risk. Clinical implications are discussed, as well as future research directions to further understand the effect of anxiety disorder treatments on SI.
Isolation, expansion and function of cord blood natural killer cells. (P2226)

Rate of immune reconstitution (IR) directly correlates with the number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) infused and is particularly delayed in patients undergoing cord blood (CB) transplantation (CBT). Methods to increase the number of CB progenitors have the potential to accelerate IR after CBT. NK cells are the first lymphocyte subset to recover after HSC transplant (HCT) and are crucial in preventing early relapse. Unfortunately, NK cells in CB are low in number, incomplete in maturation and require activation for effective function. Here, we report a clinically relevant ex vivo expansion method that optimizes maturation as well as activation of CB NK cells. CB NK cells cultured 14-21 days with CB mononuclear cells, IL-2 and IL-15 result in a multi-log increase in cell number. Potential killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) ligand and adhesion molecule(s) responsible for NK cell cytotoxicity were examined prior to and after culture. Phenotypic analysis showed that the percent of NK cells expressing activating receptors and adhesion molecules increased (CD336 +39.11%) while inhibitory receptor expression decreased (CD159a -25.09%). Furthermore, cytotoxic function of CB NK cells against NK cell sensitive (K562) and resistant (MV4-11) cancer cells lines were enhanced after culture. The data suggest that this ex vivo expansion method of matured and activated NK cells is a potential clinically relevant method to prevent early relapse after CBT.
PHILANTHROPY IN ANCIENT TIMES: SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS

The article presents the data of ancient times philanthropy that stemmed from community life and was a consequence of the social nature of man; in Rome, for the first time, social and educational activity was formalized, which resulted from moral and legal norms; in the Judaic religion, help to the needy was treated as one of the most important religious practices. The article discusses the most important forms of social aid in the Western antiquity. Charity, volunteering presented as important components of the social and educational activities of modern institutions. The author emphasizes the need for the formation and development of humanistic consciousness, spiritual and moral consciousness of citizens. Therefore, cooperation between educational institutions, families, non-governmental organizations, volunteer movements, charitable foundations for the expansion of active charitable activities, and the creation of a humanistic society is required.
A VEGF reaction-diffusion mechanism that selects variable densities of endothelial tip cells

Abstract The patterned differentiation of endothelial cells into tip and stalk cells represents an important step in the process of angiogenic sprouting. Vascular biologists hypothesize that changes in the density and overall structure of the vasculature can be traced in part to changes in the number of tip cells selected in the endothelium prior to sprout formation. However, the dominant hypotheses for tip cell selection invoke lateral inhibition via Notch; this juxtacrine mechanism predicts that a fixed fraction of endothelial cells become tip cells through a pattern-forming instability. Here, we present and analyze a hypothetical mechanism for tip cell selection that is based on endothelial competition for diffusible vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); this mechanism predicts that variable densities of tip cells emerge depending on the local (paracrine) production rate of VEGF. First, we hypothesize a network of VEGF signaling and trafficking based on previous experimental findings that could allow internalization of VEGF to occur with positive feedback. We formalize the hypothesis into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and perform linear stability analysis to elucidate a general criterion for tip cell pattern formation under the mechanism. We use numerical integration to explore the nonlinear dynamics and final steady-states of tip cell patterns under this mechanism; the observed density of tip cells can be tuned from 10% to 84%. We conclude with proposals of future experiments and computational studies to explore how competitive consumption of diffusible VEGF may play a role in determining vascular structure. Statement of Significance The patterned differentiation of endothelial cells into tip and stalk cells represents an important step in the process of blood vessel growth. Vascular biologists hypothesize that changes in the density and overall structure of the vasculature can be traced in part to changes in the number of tip cells selected during angiogenesis. However, the dominant hypotheses for tip cell selection predict that a locally fixed fraction of endothelial cells become tip cells following stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we present and analyze a hypothetical mechanism for tip cell selection based on endothelial competition for diffusible VEGF; this mechanism predicts that variable densities of tip cells emerge depending on the local production rate of VEGF.
Sparks as sub-nanosecond, broadband light switches.

We evaluate spark micro-discharges as the working element of laser switches that can operate on sub-nanosecond timescales, function over a broad range of wavelengths, and handle high laser power. Sparks were generated in room temperature argon at 11–51 bar and xenon at 3–11.6 bar. A continuous 405 nm wavelength laser light was focused through the spark gap, and its transmission was recorded by a high-speed photodiode. We demonstrate that the transition to opacity at the higher pressures is faster than our detection circuit’s 90%–10% fall time of 400 ps, indicating that the true fall time is 100 ps or shorter. The challenges to be overcome to improve device reliability are identified.
Urban Legends: Acts 10:1--11:18 and the Strategies of Greco-Roman Foundation Narratives

The application of comparative texts culled from the traditions of ancient historical writing has been the basis for a number of important interpretations of Acts in recent years. Although their methods and results have varied, it is possible to identify a number of observations emerging from these studies that represent general points of agreement as to Acts' cultural and literary profile. Several of these observations can be summarized by way of introduction to a pivotal episode in Acts, the founding of Christianity's first Gentile church. First, while it is clear that Acts represents a continuation of the biblical story,1 it is also true that its manner of literary self-presentation is not strictly biblical in nature. Like the OT narratives that inspire him, Luke conveys his i ("plot"),2 but this is a mythos whose full meaning is grasped only in the light of expectations intrinsic to his readers' hellenized milieu. Acts not only situates nascent Christianity in relation to events of Greco-Roman history (e.g., 18:2), but the particulars of its narrative style, logic, and form situate the text itself in relation to conventions of Greco-Roman historical writing.3 In this manner, Acts brings to bear on Christian traditions an outsider's perspective, emplotting the Christian story according to the criteria of pagan storytelling.4
Maternal cortisol during pregnancy and offspring schizophrenia: Influence of fetal sex and timing of exposure.

Abstract Introduction Maternal stress during pregnancy has been repeatedly linked to increased risk for schizophrenia; however, no study has examined maternal cortisol during pregnancy and risk for the disorder. Study aims were to determine whether prenatal cortisol was associated with risk for schizophrenia and risk for an intermediate phenotype—decreased fetal growth—previously linked to prenatal cortisol and schizophrenia. Timing of exposure and fetal sex also were examined given previous findings. Methods Participants were 64 cases diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and 117 controls from a prospective birth cohort study. Maternal cortisol was determined from stored sera from each trimester and psychiatric diagnoses were assessed from offspring using semi-structured interviews and medical records review. Results Maternal cortisol during pregnancy was not associated with risk for offspring schizophrenia. There was a significant interaction between 3rd trimester cortisol and case status on fetal growth. Specifically, cases exposed to higher 3rd trimester maternal cortisol had significantly decreased fetal growth compared to controls. In addition, these findings were restricted to male offspring. Conclusions Our results indicate that higher prenatal cortisol is associated with an intermediate phenotype linked to schizophrenia, fetal growth, but only among male offspring who developed schizophrenia. Findings were consistent with evidence that schizophrenia genes may disrupt placental functioning specifically for male fetuses, as well as findings that males are more vulnerable to maternal cortisol during pregnancy. Finally, results suggest that examining fetal sex and intermediate phenotypes may be important in understanding the mechanisms involved in prenatal contributors to schizophrenia.
Hypothalamic mechanisms associated with neuropeptide K-induced anorexia in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

Abstract Central administration of neuropeptide K (NPK), a 36-amino acid peptide, is associated with anorexigenic effects in rodents and chickens. The mechanisms underlying the potent anorexigenic effects of NPK are still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the hypothalamic nuclei and neuropeptides that mediate anorexic effects of NPK in 7 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). After a 6 h fast, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of NPK decreased food and water intake for 180 min post-injection. Quail injected with NPK had more c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), lateral hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) compared to the birds that were injected with the vehicle. In the ARC of NPK-injected quail, there was decreased neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptor sub-type 1, and agouti-related peptide mRNA, and increased CART, POMC, and neurokinin receptor 1 mRNA. NPK-injected quail expressed greater amounts of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor sub-type 2, melanocortin receptors 3 and 4, and urocortin 3 mRNA in the PVN. In conclusion, results provide insights into understanding NPK-induced changes in hypothalamic physiology and feeding behavior, and suggest that the anorexigenic effects of NPK involve the ARC and PVN, with increased CRF and melanocortin and reduced NPY signaling.
Giving Community College Students Choice: The Impact of Self-Placement in Math Courses:

This study examines the impact of a “natural experiment” that gave students the choice to place into or out of developmental math because of an unintended mistake made by a community college. Durin...
In Vitro Aerosol Exposure to Nanomaterials: From Laboratory to Environmental Field Toxicity Testing.

Exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) is inevitable, requiring robust toxicological assessment to understand potential environmental and human health effects. NMs are favored in many applications because of their small size; however, this allows them to easily aerosolize and, subsequently, expose humans via inhalation. Toxicological assessment of NMs by conventional methods in submerged cell culture is not a relevant way to assess inhalation toxicity of NMs because of particle interference with bioassays and changes in particokinetics when dispersed in medium. Therefore, an in vitro aerosol exposure chamber (AEC) was custom designed and used for direct deposition of NMs from aerosols in the environment to the air–liquid interface of lung cells. Human epithelial lung cell line, A549, was used to assess the toxicity of copper, nickel, and zinc oxide nanopowders aerosolized by acoustic agitation in laboratory study. Post optimization, the AEC was used in the field to expose the A549 cells to NM aerosols generated ...
Neural Network Compression Framework for fast model inference

We present a new PyTorch-based framework for neural network compression with fine-tuning named Neural Network Compression Framework (NNCF) (https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/nncf) . It leverages recent advances of various network compression methods and implements some of them, namely quantization, sparsity, filter pruning and binarization. These methods allow producing more hardware-friendly models that can be efficiently run on general-purpose hardware computation units (CPU, GPU) or specialized deep learning accelerators. We show that the implemented methods and their combinations can be successfully applied to a wide range of architectures and tasks to accelerate inference while preserving the original model’s accuracy. The framework can be used in conjunction with the supplied training samples or as a standalone package that can be seamlessly integrated into the existing training code with minimal adaptations.
181 – Domain Decomposition

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses domain decomposition applicable to elliptic second-order partial differential equations in non-regularly shaped domains. An iterative solution procedure is obtained. If the geometric domain in which a partial differential equation is to be solved can be written as the union of two (or more) regularly shaped domains, then it may be possible to write a recurrence relation for the solution. This method is usually implemented numerically, with little analysis done on the equations. This method also works for coupled systems of elliptic equations. For two unknowns, a guess is made for one of the unknowns, and one of the equations is used to solve for the other unknown. Knowing this second unknown, the first unknown is approximated numerically by the other equation, and the process is repeated.
Transgenic Mouse Model of Lymphocyte Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses lymphocyte development by the transgenic mouse model. The fundamental assumption underlying the positive selection model is that there is a requirement for a specific interaction between the TCR and the self-MHC molecules displayed in the thymus. By using intra-H-2 recombinant mice in an experiment described in the chapter, the positive-selecting element was mapped for the 2C TCR as H-2K b . The origin of alloreactive cells can be any self-MHC molecule, not necessarily the allelic counterpart of the recognized allomolecule. The origin of the alloreactive T cells is nothing but self-MHC positively selected cells that happen to cross-react with allo-MHC. It was found in the experiment that there is a direct interaction between the 2C TCR and the K b molecule that leads to positive selection. The interaction of these two molecules must transduce appropriate signals in the developing thymocytes that eventually lead to the differentiation that accompanies positive selection.
Hidden Liquidity, Market Quality, and Order Submission Strategies

Using a recent pilot program as an exogenous shock to hidden liquidity, we show that hidden liquidity has significant effects on various measures of market quality and order submission strategies after controlling for market volatility and other stock attributes. Spreads, depths, trading volume, and trade size increase with hidden liquidity. The extent of informed trading and the price impact of a trade also increase with hidden liquidity. Traders use more inside-the-quote limit orders, and algorithmic traders engage in more pinging activities and raise message traffic when there is more hidden liquidity.
"A Family Affair": Methods of Dealing With Parents and Family Members of Children in the Nuclear Medicine Department

1169 Objectives: Oftentimes, the work of a physician involves not only caring for the patient, but also their loved ones. When patients come into the nuclear medicine department for a scan, they are frequently accompanied by a family member. This is especially true for children, who are brought in by their parents or caregiver. It is important not only to communicate with the patient, but with their families as well. In this project, we discuss methods of dealing with family members and the importance of open communication. Interacting with parents and family members promotes increased trust and bonding, which becomes particularly important in cases where scans go awry. Methods: We discuss methods of dealing with family members and parents of children being scanned in the nuclear medicine department. We emphasize the importance of communicating with family members throughout the process. Thorough communication helps family members understand the scanning process, the length of the scan, and any potential adverse events. Empathy plays an important role when dealing with patient’s family members, particularly if the patient is a child. Additionally, providers ensure that the family members understand what is being communicated; using medical jargon, for example, may cause confusion. Results: Open and thoughtful communication with parents and family members of patients helps build trust. In instances where complications arise during a scan, a good rapport may help keep families calm. Having a connection with families may even decrease the likelihood of malpractice lawsuits in these situations. Conclusions: Communicating effectively with family members helps keep them aware of the patient’s situation in the nuclear medicine department; being informative and empathic may help prevent malpractice lawsuits and negative interactions.
Role of Fe- and Mn-(oxy)hydroxides on carbon and nutrient dynamics in agricultural soils: A chemical sequential extraction approach

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of maintaining favorable soil physical, biological and chemical health and ensures the sustainability of agricultural practices. Fe- and Mn-(oxy)hydroxide minerals play an important role in SOC stabilization and sequestration, as well as nutrient adsorption. To better understand the mineral phases responsible for the stabilization and sequestration of SOC, as well as PO4−3 and NO3−; a four-step chemical sequential extraction (SE) was applied to soils from eight agricultural fields. Our SE scheme targeted operationally defined mineral phases namely, water extractable (Step 1), reductive dissolution of Mn-(oxy)hydroxide (Step 2), reductive dissolution of amorphous Fe-(oxy)hydroxide (Step 3), reductive dissolution of crystalline Fe-(oxy)hydroxide (Step 4) and residual minerals. Results showed that SOC was stabilized in the following order: crystalline Fe-(oxy)hydroxide > amorphous Fe-(oxy)hydroxide > Mn-(oxy)hydroxide. Fe- and Mn-(oxy)hydroxide minerals can promote the stabilization and long-term sequestration of SOC via the formation of inner sphere complexes (e.g., ligand-exchange) within the mineral surfaces contact zone. Fe- and Mn-(oxy)hydroxide minerals adsorbed PO4−3 species to a large extent; however, NO3− was adsorbed marginally. Results indicated that PO4−3 adsorption is largely mediated by Fe- and Mn-(oxy)hydroxide minerals, and NO3− by bulk soil organic matter. The coupling interaction between SOC, nutrients, and mineral phases in agricultural soils can better inform the application of conservation management practices to fully understand their effect on soil chemistry and health.
82. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and non-sars-cov-2 Infections: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been described in areas with high Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) burden Clinical features included in the MIS-C case definition (e g fever, elevated inflammatory markers) overlap with features of other childhood infections The prevalence of non-SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients evaluated for MIS-C has not been described Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients < 21 years of age admitted to a freestanding children's hospital in Boston, MA from May 14-June 6, 2020 who were evaluated for MIS-C We identified patients undergoing Rheumatology consultation and echocardiogram (per the hospital's protocol for evaluating children with suspicion for MIS-C) We tabulated patients evaluated for MIS-C found to have non-SARS-CoV-2 infection detected on standard microbiologic testing Results: 39 patients met inclusion criteria Median age was 5 years (IQR 2-12 years) Of evaluated patients, 19/39 (49%) were diagnosed with MIS-C according to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health case definition;10/39 (26%) required ICU admission Non-SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified in 7/39 (18%), of whom 5/7 (71%) had bacterial infections, 1/7 (14%) had viral infection, and 1/7 (14%) had viral and bacterial co-infections;no fungal or parasitic infections were identified Of patients diagnosed with MIS-C, 2/19 (11%) were found to have non-SARS-CoV-2 infection Additionally, 5/19 (26%) had a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 at time of MIS-C diagnosis, of whom 4/5 (80%) received remdesivir Of patients evaluated for MIS-C, 17/39 (44%) received intravenous immune globulin, 14/39 (36%) aspirin, 4/39 (10%) anakinra, and 14/39 (36%) methylprednisolone Additionally, 21/39 (54%) received antibacterial and 5/39 (13%) antiviral therapy (Table) Conclusion: In this study, non-SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed in 18% of children evaluated for MIS-C Clinicians should consider alternative or concomitant infectious diagnoses in patients undergoing MIS-C evaluation Research is needed to identify clinical and laboratory features that may distinguish patients with MIS-C from those with non-SARS-CoV-2 infection (Figure Presented)
Analysis and Synthesis of Cascaded Cylindrical Metasurfaces Using a Wave Matrix Approach

Metasurfaces have been extensively investigated due to their ability to tailor the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scales. However, most of the research has focused on planar metasurfaces. This has limited their applicability since curved geometries are required in numerous applications. In this article, wave propagation in the radial direction of cascaded, cylindrical structures is studied. The intent is to develop a synthesis method that enables designers to realize arbitrary scattering matrices with cascaded, azimuthally invariant metasurfaces (subwavelength patterned metallic claddings) and dielectric spacers. The proposed method exploits a wave matrix formulation, which relates the incident and scattered fields on one side of a scatterer to those on the other side. It combines the merits of the scattering matrix and ABCD matrix. Design examples are demonstrated using the proposed wave matrix design approach and verified through a commercial electromagnetic solver. The cascaded cylindrical metasurfaces studied in this article are expected to find use in various applications involving antenna beam steering, polarization manipulation, and hologram generation.
Preventing pseudohyponatremia: Intralipid®-based lipemia cutoffs for sodium are inappropriate

Abstract Background Pseudohyponatremia describes an artifactual decrease in plasma sodium result in samples with high proteins and/or lipids when measured by an indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method. We suspected that Intralipid®-based lipemia cutoffs are inappropriate for detecting interfering lipids in human samples and a major contributing factor to the existence of pseudohyponatremia. Methods We evaluated 2 approaches to derive a lipemia cutoff for sodium, one in which patient plasma samples were pooled and spiked to simulate hyperlipidemia using Intralipid® (commonly used approach by in-vitro diagnostics manufacturers), and another in which endogenous hyperlipidemic samples (n = 31) were measured by methods not affected by hyperlipidemia (i.e., direct ISE and post-ultracentrifugation indirect ISE). Triglycerides, lipemic index (L-index) and indirect ISE sodium concentrations of samples were measured on Roche Cobas® 8000 and direct ISE on Radiometer® ABL835 Flex analyzers. Endogenous hyperlipidemic samples were also ultracentrifuged on Beckman Coulter® Airfuge to clear excess lipids and re-analyzed for sodium by indirect ISE. Results We discovered that Intralipid® is not an accurate emulation of the lipemic interference seen in pseudohyponatremia because it showed no effect up to the maximum level of lipemia tested (L-index = 2000). By contrast, endogenous hyperlipidemic samples demonstrated significant deviations in sodium concentration (≥4 mmol/l) when L-index approached or exceeded 700, and a strong positive correlation between L-index and the difference between the indirect and direct methods (i.e., extent of pseudohyponatremia). Conclusions Clinical laboratories should lower their tolerance for lipemia from the currently recommended L-index cutoff of 2000 on Roche Cobas 8000®. We recommend reflexing to direct ISE when L-index exceeds 700. Manufacturers and laboratories with other indirect ISE methods should evaluate the effect of lipid interference on their method using hyperlipidemic human samples not Intralipid®.
Improved Interval Reachability Bounds for Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems using an Efficient One-Dimensional Partitioning Method

This article presents a new method for accurately enclosing the reachable sets of nonlinear discrete-time systems with unknown but bounded disturbances. This method is motivated by the discrete-time differential inequalities method (DTDI) proposed by Yang and Scott, which exhibits state-of-the-art accuracy at low cost for many problems, but suffers from theoretical limitations that significantly restrict its applicability. The proposed method uses an efficient one-dimensional partitioning scheme to approximate DTDI while avoiding the key technical assumptions that limit it. Numerical result shows that this approach matches the accuracy of DTDI when DTDI is applicable, but, unlike DTDI, is valid for arbitrary systems.
Amoxicillin Rash in Infectious Mononucleosis

Amoxicillin Rash in Infectious Mononucleosis A 7-year-old girl presented with an itchy rash after 1 week of treatment with amoxicillin for pharyngitis. She had erythematous papules and macules on h...
Identification of an RF degradation mechanism in GaN based HEMTs triggered by midgap traps

Abstract Quantitative defect spectroscopy was performed on low gate leakage operational S-band GaN HEMTs before and after RF accelerated life testing (ALT) to investigate and quantify potential connections between the evolution of observed traps and RF output power loss in these HEMTs after stressing. Constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy and deep level optical spectroscopy (CID-DLTS and CID-DLOS, respectively) were used to interrogate thermally-emitting traps (CID-DLTS) and deeper optically-stimulated traps (CID-DLOS) so that the entire bandgap can be probed systematically before and after ALT. Using drain-controlled CID-DLTS/DLOS, with which traps in the drain access region are resolved, it is found that an increase in the concentration of a broad range of deep states between EC–1.6 to 3.0 eV, detected by CID-DLOS, causes a persistent increase in on-resistance of ~ 0.22 Ω-mm, which is a likely source for the 1.2 dB reduction in RF output power that was observed after stressing. In contrast, the combined effect of the upper bandgap states at EC–0.57 and EC–0.72 eV, observed by CID-DLTS, is responsible for only ~ 10% of the on-resistance increase. These results demonstrate the importance of discriminating between traps throughout the entire bandgap with regard to the relative roles of individual traps on degradation of GaN HEMTs after ALT.
Calibration bias and imprecision for automated hematology analyzers. An evaluation of significance of short-term bias resulting from calibration of an analyzer with S Cal.

A Coulter S + IV® analyzer was used both before and after recalibration with S Cal™ to analyze a series of patient blood specimens and stabilized control specimens. A statistically significant bias was introduced as compared with results on the same analyzer calibrated to fresh whole blood, but the degree of bias did not appear to approach medical significance when compared with two external theoretical models for determining acceptable bias in hematology analysis. Long-term bias accumulation on analyzers calibrated to control or stabilized calibration material remains a problem that must be addressed by further study.
Cicada: introducing predictive guarantees for cloud networks

In cloud-computing systems, network-bandwidth guarantees have been shown to improve predictability of application performance and cost [1, 28]. Most previous work on cloud-bandwidth guarantees has assumed that cloud tenants know what bandwidth guarantees they want [1, 17]. However, as we show in this work, application bandwidth demands can be complex and time-varying, and many tenants might lack sufficient information to request a guarantee that is well-matched to their needs, which can lead to over-provisioning (and thus reduced cost-efficiency) or under-provisioning (and thus poor user experience). We analyze traffic traces gathered over six months from an HP Cloud Services datacenter, finding that application bandwidth consumption is both time-varying and spatially inhomogeneous. This variability makes it hard to predict requirements. To solve this problem, we develop a prediction algorithm usable by a cloud provider to suggest an appropriate bandwidth guarantee to a tenant. With tenant VM placement using these predictive guarantees, we find that the inter-rack network utilization in certain datacenter topologies can be more than doubled.
Open-loop orientability of objects on actuator arrays

An actuator array is a form of distributed manipulation where an object being transported and manipulated rests on a large number of supporting actuators. On a discrete array employing an open-loop field, some size and shape objects may have unstable equilibria due to this discreteness. The functional relationship between object dimensions relative to array spacing and rotational stability is examined, and a map of this function is generated. The geometry behind this relationship is also examined, and analytical expressions for the boundaries between stable and unstable regions in the map are derived.
“Everything has its Limits!” The Berlin Wall and the Problem of Desire

By the East German authorities’ account, the “Anti-Fascist Wall of Protection,” or Berlin Wall, was built to thwart hordes of anti-communist commandos poised to invade the socialist republic. If the Party acknowledged the stream of refugees from East to West at all, it was only to decry the efforts of paid agitators luring or coercing skilled East German workers over the border. These paranoid scenarios, I will argue, represented more than just hard-line propaganda and political expediency; they arose from fundamental assumptions about the psyche and society. Through an exploration of East German cultural responses to the construction of the Wall, my paper outlines the ideological fantasies of the individual and social body that precipitated this drastic measure.
IL-10 supplementation suppressed hypertension and inflammation in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy (860.17)

Women with preeclampsia (PE) develop hypertension, proteinuria, increased pro-inflammatory and decreased regulatory immune responses (Tregs, IL-10) contributing to increased local ET-1. The RUPP rat model of PE exhibits a similar increase in MAP, immune imbalance and ET-1 as women with PE. We hypothesized that IL-10 supplementation in RUPP rats will restore T cell balance, decrease MAP and inflammation. IL-10 was administered intraperitoneally via osmotic pumps to RUPP rats on day 14 of gestation following the RUPP procedure. On day 18 carotid catheters are inserted, and on day 19 MAP, pup weights, serum and tissues are collected. MAP in NP rats was 91+/-2, RUPP was 122+/-2 which decreased to 106+/-2 mmHg in RUPP+IL-10. Circulating CD4+ T cells were 14% gated cells in RUPP and 8% gated cells RUPP+IL-10. IL-6 was 33+/-5 NP, 238+/-96 RUPP, 40+/-10 pg/mL RUPP+IL-10; TNF-α was 14.73+/-3 NP, 69+/- 19 RUPP, 20+/-11 pg/mL RUPP+IL-10, and placental ET-1 was 2.5 fold higher in RUPP but only 1.4 fold higher in RUPP...
Interstitial Lung Disease of the UIP Variant as the Only Presenting Symptom of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily manifesting with symptoms of joint pain. It also involves multiple organ systems in the body, including the lungs. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common form of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Without the typical symptoms such as chronic joint pain, establishing the diagnosis of RA could be quite challenging and a high index of suspicion is thereby required to diagnose ILD in patients with RA, thereby delaying treatment and increasing morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 67-year-old Hispanic male with no previous history of rheumatoid arthritis or symptoms of typical joint pain who comes to the hospital only with the chief complaints of progressive worsening of shortness of breath for a duration of 6 months and was eventually diagnosed with ILD of the usual interstitial pneumonia variant with serologies positive for rheumatoid arthritis.
On-chip repair and an ATE independent fusing methodology

This paper describes a novel on chip repair system designed for ATE independent application on many unique very dense ASIC devices in a high turnover environment. During test, the system controls on chip built-in self-test (BIST) engines, collects and compresses repair data, programs fuses and finally decompresses and reloads the repair data for post fuse testing. In end use applications this system decompresses and loads the repair data at power-up or at the request of the system.
Creating a culture: a longitudinal examination of the influence of management and employee values on communication rule stability and emergence

This research provides an examination of management and employee values as influential for organizational rule formation, that is, cultural theme formation. Specifically, the research demonstrates that management and employee values and management and employee perceptions of organizational rules are related over time and that the direction of that relationship can be specified. The findings indicate that management values are directly related to employee values but indirectly influence the evolution of organizational rules. Additionally, the findings support the interactional nature of management/employee relationships. Finally, this research provides evidence of rule emergence based on management and employee values and underscores the importance of communication-receiving activities for knowledge of rule emergence and a variety of organizational and work satisfactions.
H− survival probability during collisions with Na/Cu(111)

Abstract The survival probability of the H − ions colliding with a 0.25 ML Na covered Cu(111) surface is studied by both theory and experiment. We find that the survival probability is influenced by the projectile direction on surface. The reason is the different bonding between the Na atoms and their Cu neighbors along different surface directions. A stronger bond leads to a larger survival probability.
CREATIVITY, SATISFACTION, AND ORIENTATION OF COLLEGE FRESHMEN

-This smdy investigated differences in creativiry among the following groups of college students: probationary, average, distinguished, and undecided as to college major. Also, the relationship of creativity to college satisfaction and student orientation to college was examined. Differences in creative ability among the groups were found. Probationary students earned the highest group mean on the creativiq measure and their mean was significantly greater than for the undecided group. Differences and correlations among the variables of creativity, college satisfaction, and student orientation were presented and discussed.
Complexation of TbIII with size fractions of humic acid: evidence from luminescence sensitisation and anisotropy measurements

Environmental context. Organic ligands, especially those derived from humic acid (HA), play a major role in the fate and transport of metal ions in the environment. For the modelling of subsurface pollutant transport, it is important to understand which components of a heterogeneous humic material interact most strongly with multivalent cations. Abstract. The luminescence sensitisation and anisotropy characteristics of a series of TbIII complexes with a leonardite humic acid (LHA) were investigated in order to evaluate the interactions between the metal and different components of the humate. Ultrafiltration was used to separate LHA into six size fractions, which ranged from 500 Da to 0.2 μm, and were then used to form the TbIII complexes. Each fraction was first characterised by 13C NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that the smaller ones (<3 kDa) had a significantly lower aliphatic content than the larger ones. These smaller components were good energy donors, which could effectively sensitise TbIII luminescence. At the same time, the luminescence anisotropy of TbIII increased significantly when these LHA fractions were added, which indicated the formation of tightly bound complexes. In this sense, the smaller LHA fractions were comparable to ethylenediaminetetraacetate, although their effect was not as strong. In contrast, the larger LHA sizes had little or no influence on TbIII sensitisation or anisotropy. The results obtained suggest that the sizes and aliphatic content of humic polymers play a major role in their aqueous interactions with trivalent metal ions. Divalent metals are expected to behave in a similar way.
161 GONADAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME

Patients with Down syndrome are reported to have delayed puberty and abnormal sexual development. However, the role of institutionalized life has not always been considered. For this reason, we studied a group of patients who were raised in their family environment (age range: 1 month to 24 years). Two of the male subjects had abnormal sexual differentiation, one with hypospadias, and one with bilateral cryptorchidism. None had significantly delayed puberty. Serum gonadotropin levels were determined in the sexually mature male subjects (> 16 years). Serum levels of FSH in all subjects (mean 15.6, range 12.3-22.3 mIU/ml) were above the range for normal adult men (0.6-11.2 mIU/ml), but serum levels of LH (mean 14.3, range 9.1-21.6 mIU/ml) were above normal (3.0-12.0 mIU/ml) only in about one half of the subjects. In male infants with Down syndrome (≤ 6 months), serum FSH levels (mean 4.2, range 0.6-8.8 mIU/ml) and serum LH levels (mean 7.6, range 5.8-9.1 mIU/ml) were all in the normal range for this age group. However, plasma testosterone levels (mean 22, range 0-44 ng/dl) were all inappropriately low despite normal LH values. In summary, our data suggest that 1) the underlying defect in abnormal sexual development in patients with Down syndrome is primary gonadal failure, and 2) this defect is already present in the first year of life.
Treatment of small bleeding varicose veins with injection sclerotherapy. Bleeding blue blebs.

background Bleeding is a well-recognized but seemingly uncommon complication of varicose vein disease. Some deaths have occurred in which bleeding developed from vessels in the base of chronic venous ulcers. objective To elucidate a more common type of venous bleeding that can be identified and treated by an experienced sclerotherapist. methods The records of a group of patients with bleeding superficial phlebectasias, primarily on the feet and ankles, are reviewed. All patients received injection sclerotherapy after the initial bleeding episode. A comparison was made between those patients whose bleeding points were sutured in the emergency department and those who were treated only with compression. results Suture-ligation of the bleeding site delayed healing when compared with simple compression. Concomitant injection sclerotherapy proved to be a successful and permanent method of treating these veins. No recurrent bleeding developed in any of the patients, even in those with previous episodes of bleeding. conclusions Initial treatment of the bleeding blue bleb requires only compression of the tiny open vessel. Later injection sclerotherapy provides a permanent method of obliterating the thin-walled veins and prevents future bleeding. It is essential to treat the entire incompetent venous system as well as the bleeding site itself.
Intercorrelations of Glucose Metabolic Rates between Brain Regions: Application to Healthy Males in a State of Reduced Sensory Input:

We use a correlational analysis of regional metabolic rates to characterize relations among different brain regions. Starting with rates of local glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, we propose that pairs of brain regions whose rCMRglc values are significantly correlated are functionally associated, and that the strength of the association is proportional to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for whole brain glucose metabolism, are used in the analysis. We also introduce a graphical technique to display simultaneously all the correlations, allowing us to examine patterns of relations among them. The method was applied to 40 very healthy males under conditions of reduced auditory and visual inputs (the “resting state”). Dividing the brain into 59 regions, and keeping only those partial correlation coefficients significant to p < 0.01, we found the following: (a) All regions were signific...
Systolic left ventricular function after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of determinants of improvement. The TAMI Study Group.

BACKGROUND Contrast ventriculograms of 542 patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction were examined to define changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion that occur during the first week after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction and define clinical, acute angiographic and treatment variables related to improvement in global and regional left ventricular function. METHODS AND RESULTS Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and/or urokinase was administered to 805 patients during acute myocardial infarction. Mean time from symptom onset to thrombolytic therapy was 3 hours (22 patients received therapy within the first hour). Acute and 7-day catheterization were performed. Paired left ventricular ejection fraction and centerline regional wall motion were available in 542 patients (67%). Stepwise, multivariable analysis of clinical, acute angiographic and treatment variables was used to develop two models: One related to improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, and the second related to improvement in infarct zone regional function. Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change (51.2 +/- 11.1% for acute versus 51.9 +/- 11.0% for 1 week, p = 0.19). Improvement in infarct zone regional function was modest (14%) at 1 week (-2.54 +/- 1.07 standard deviation per chord for acute versus -2.17 +/- 1.24 at 1 week, p CONCLUSIONS Dramatic improvement in left ventricular systolic function is not common after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Improvement in global and regional systolic function is most closely related to acutely depressed ventricular function and successful acute coronary recanalization. Thus, patients with the most myocardium in jeopardy and successful coronary reperfusion demonstrate the greatest improvement in global and infarct zone ventricular function. Overall, the magnitude of this improvement is modest, suggesting that the benefits of coronary reperfusion are not solely related to improvement in systolic left ventricular function.