cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe Maternal Morbidity and Hospital Cost among Hospitalized Deliveries in the United States.

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the contemporary national rate of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and its associated hospital cost during delivery hospitalization. Study Design We conducted a retrospective study identifying all delivery hospitalizations in the United States between 2011 and 2012. We used data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. The delivery hospitalizations with SMM were identified by having at least one of the 25 previously established list of diagnosis and procedure codes. Aggregate and mean hospital costs were estimated. A generalized linear regression model was used to examine the association between SMM and hospital costs. Results Of 7,438,946 delivery hospitalizations identified, the rate of SMM was 154 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations. Without any SMM, the mean hospital cost was $4,300 and with any SMM, the mean hospital cost was $11,000. After adjustment, comparing to those without any SMM, the mean cost of delivery hospitalizations with any SMM was 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.1–2.2) times higher, and this ratio increases from 1.7-fold in those with only one SMM to 10.3-fold in those with five or more concurrent SMM. Conclusion The hospital cost with any SMM was 2.1 times higher than those without any SMM. Our findings highlight the need to identify interventions and guide research efforts to mitigate the rate of SMM and its economic burden.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN INTERCALATED MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE.

Molybdenum disulfide has been intercalated with sodium and potassium. Both natural crystals of molybdenite and synthetic crystals were used, and measurements made on the intercalated products indicate a superconducting transition temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}1.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for sodium and \ensuremath{\sim}4.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for potassium.
A Highly Accurate Deep Learning Based Approach for Developing Wireless Sensor Network Middleware

Despite the popularity of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a wide range of applications, security problems associated with them have not been completely resolved. Middleware is generally introduced as an intermediate layer between WSNs and the end user to resolve some limitations, but most of the existing middleware is unable to protect data from malicious and unknown attacks during transmission. This paper introduces a secure wireless sensor network middleware (SWSNM) based on an unsupervised learning technique called generative adversarial network algorithm. SWSNM consists of two networks: a generator (G) network and a discriminator (D) network. The G creates fake data that are similar to the real sample and combines it with real data from the sensors to confuse the attacker. The D contains multi-layers that have the ability to differentiate between real and fake data. The output intended for this algorithm shows an actual interpretation of the data that is securely communicated through the WSN. The framework is implemented in Python with experiments performed using Keras. Results illustrate that SWSNM algorithm improves the accuracy of the data and enhances its security by protecting data from adversaries. In addition, the SWSNM algorithm consumes significantly less energy, has higher throughput, and lower end-to-end delay when compared with a similar conventional approach.
Five-year trends in adenoviral conjunctivitis in employees of one medical center.

OBJECTIVE To describe the 5-year findings after a policy to screen for, diagnose, and isolate medical center employees with adenoviral conjunctivitis was implemented. DESIGN Observational report with a retrospective evaluation of a current quality improvement initiative. SETTING Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsJohns Hopkins Medicine employees. METHODS Data were retrieved from records maintained for this initiative, in which employees with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis were evaluated in the Occupational Health Clinic and swabbed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for adenoviral conjunctivitis. Signs, symptoms, work area, diagnoses, and disposition of employees with eye complaints as well as PCR result and adenoviral type were recorded. Five-year data were reviewed. RESULTS From 2011 to 2016, of 10,000 full-time equivalent employees, 1,059 employees visited the Occupational Health Clinic with suspicion of adenoviral conjunctivitis. Of these, 104 (10%) were PCR positive for adenovirus. Of these PCR-positive employees, 26 (25%) had the worst clinical presentation, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). The Outpatient Pharmacy had the highest number of adenoviral conjunctivitis cases (n=9). The proportion of red-eye employees having PCR-positive adenoviral conjunctivitis increased over 5 years (P<.005, Cochrane-Armitage test for trend) as did the proportion of employees with EKC (P<.05). The proportion of employees with EKC caused by type 37 also increased (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Adenoviral conjunctivitis represents 10% of employee cases clinically suspected of this infection. Employees in patient-care areas should be screened even if they have no direct patient contact. Despite increases in the proportions of adenoviral conjunctivitis and of EKC over 5 years, no outbreaks occurred. This policy helps identify incipient EKC outbreaks and guides infection control efforts.
Vocal Communication in Birds

Many insights into the neurobiology of motor control have emerged through the study of vocal behavior in birds. Additional, complementary research programs in this system have focused on mechanisms of vocal development, production, perception, and function. A “developmental stress” hypothesis posits that vocal features provide reliable indicators of male neural developmental history, and that females use vocal parameters to assess male quality. Peripheral mechanisms of vocal production, including respiratory and vocal tract motor systems, can constrain the types of vocalizations birds produce, develop, and evolve. Experimental studies of song function have helped specify the role of vocalizations in species recognition and sexual selection. Growing evidence indicates that birds attend to song parameters related to vocal performance, and also gain information about other birds by eavesdropping on vocal interactions.
Phloem Loading and Associated Processes

Phloem loading is the process by which the major translocate species are selectively and actively taken up by the sieve tubes, especially in the minor veins of source regions. The entry of other solutes which may readily but passively move into the phloem is not considered to be part of phloem loading. One of the earliest and possibly the first mention of the phloem loading concept in the literature was in the work by Barrier and Loomis (1).
Development of a 50-state typology of education governance

To better understand the complexities of state education governance systems, this study uses Brewer and Smith's (2008) framework to examine the structures, policies, and processes in each state's K...
The role of routine nasolacrimal sac biopsy during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Objectives/hypothesis Most patients who undergo endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) have a diagnosis of idiopathic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of routine biopsy of the lacrimal sac performed at time of DCR on subsequent patient diagnosis and treatment. Study design Retrospective review. Methods The histopathology of nasolacrimal specimens (n = 769), obtained from 654 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic DCR by a single surgeon over a 30-year period, were reviewed. Specific focus included the identification of unanticipated pathologic findings as they related to pertinent patient demographics, clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and intraoperative observations. Results The study population was 69.6% female, with an average age of 56.1 ± 18.2 years. Pathological findings of tissue from the nasolacrimal sac, which was routinely sampled in all cases, showed inflammation (n = 566 [73.6%]), normal histology (n = 147 [19.1%]), granulomas (n = 8 [1.0%]), and neoplastic process (n = 7 [0.9%]). Patient history, preoperative CT scan, and/or intraoperative findings alerted the surgeon to the possibility of an unusual diagnosis in 12 of the 15 patients. An unsuspected neoplastic or granulomatous cause of lacrimal obstruction was identified on intraoperative biopsy in three patients (0.46%). Conclusions Although neoplastic and granulomatous diseases are relatively rare causes of lacrimal obstruction necessitating DCR surgery, they may be identified by through patient evaluation in most cases and by routine intraoperative biopsy of the lacrimal sac in all cases. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:584-589, 2020.
Expression of caveolin-1 in renal neoplasms

14509 Background: Caveolin-1 is the major structural and functional component of caveolae, which are specialized lipid raft microdomains on cell membrane important for signaling pathways related to...
Whose Burden to Bear? Privilege, Lawbreaking and Race

Tommie Shelby’s Dark Ghettos: Injustice, Dissent, and Reform is a powerful indictment of how the basic structure of American institutions fail the seriously disadvantaged. Though motivated by what we collectively owe “ghetto” citizens, when exploring criminal law, Shelby instinctively turns his attention to what duties, if any, the disadvantaged have to obey the criminal law. This paper argues that our persistent focus on the obligations of the disadvantaged is a mistake. Instead, we should examine the duties of the advantaged to resist and repudiate the criminal law. First, because the systemic injustices of the criminal law secure unjust advantages for too many “ordinary” citizens, it renders their successes unjust spoils. Second, the criminal law chews through lives and communities in the ghetto in the name of the advantaged. Third, White citizens have a unique duty to reject the racist elements of the criminal justice system and repudiate its claims that the lives of racial minorities are worth less than their own. The paper then explores various ways that advantaged citizens can repudiate the criminal law in the service of greater equality.
Using next generation sequencing to study the genetic diversity of candidate live attenuated zika vaccines

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted positive-sense RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. Candidate live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) viruses with engineered deletions in the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) provide immunity and protection in animal models of ZIKV infection, and phenotypic studies show that LAVs retain protective abilities following in vitro passage. The present study investigated the genetic diversity of wild-type (WT) parent ZIKV and its candidate LAVs using next generation sequencing analysis of five sequential in vitro passages. The results show that genomic entropy of WT ZIKV steadily increases during in vitro passage, whereas that of LAVs also increased by passage number five but was variable throughout passaging. Additionally, clusters of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were found to be present in the pre-membrane/membrane (prM), envelope (E), nonstructural protein NS1 (NS1), and other nonstructural protein genes, depending on the specific deletion, whereas in the parent WT ZIKV, they are more abundant in prM and NS1. Ultimately, both the parental WT and LAV derivatives increase in genetic diversity, with evidence of adaptation following passage.
Chapter 5 – Isobutanol

Isobutanol is worth more to refiners than ethanol because it has 26% more energy. Unlike ethanol that is 100% miscible with water, isobutanol has limited solubility, and among other advantages, it doesn’t cause stress cracking in pipelines. Also, its lower oxygen content enables greater amounts to be blended into gasoline. It overcomes the blend wall limitations of ethanol by producing a similar grade of gasoline at only 2.7% oxygen content for refiners. It qualifies as an Advanced Biofuel under the Reformulated Fuel Standard. It can be produced with genetically modified microorganisms by the ABE process. Most attractively, it can be produced in existing cornstarch ethanol fermentation plants. This offers a considerable savings in fixed capital investment. This approach has been aggressively pursued by Gevo and Butamax whose efforts are described.
An animal trial to study damage and repair in ovariectomized rabbits.

Abstract Microdamage accumulates in bone matrix and is repaired through bone remodeling. Conditions such as osteoporosis and treatment with antiresorptive bisphosphonates can influence this remodeling process. In order to study microdamage accrual and repair in the context of osteoporosis and osteon structures, we set out to modify the rabbit forelimb fatigue model. New Zealand White rabbits (N = 43, 10 months old) received either ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgeries and were used for forelimb fatigue loading. OVX increased fluorochrome labeling of intracortical and periosteal bone of the ulna, without changes in bone mass. Monotonic and cyclic loading of the forelimb did not reveal any statistical differences between stiffness, ultimate force, or displacement to failure between sham and OVX rabbits. Two levels of fatigue loading, chosen to represent “low” and “moderate” fatigue (25% and 40% of total displacement to failure, respectively), were used on OVX forelimbs to examine microdamage creation. However, neither group showed increased damage burden as compared to non-loaded controls. Following fatigue loading rabbit ulnae had increased intracortical remodeling and periosteal lamellar bone formation in “moderate” fatigue limbs, although no basic multicellular units or microdamage-targeted remodeling was observed. In summary, we adapted the rabbit forelimb fatigue model to accommodate OVX animals. However, loading parameters that could induce repeatable microdamage burden were not identified. Thus, while increased intracortical remodeling and periosteal bone formation were induced by our fatigue loading regimen, this preliminary study did not establish conditions to allow future study of the interactions between microdamage accrual and repair.
On Designing a Socially-Optimal Expedited Service and Its Impact on Individual Welfare

We consider the problem faced by a welfare-maximizing service provider who must make a decision on how to split a fixed number of servers between two variants of the service: a standard variant and an expedited variant. The service is mandatory, but customers can choose between the two variants. Choosing the expedited variant requires enrollment that incurs a fixed cost per period. Customers are strategic and have the same cost of waiting but are heterogeneous in the rate at which they use the service. The option of expedited security at US airports (TSA PreCheck) is an instance where this problem arises. As has been the case with the PreCheck program, providers that offer expedited service may face criticism from customers, with the main concern being that the diversion of servers to expedited services increases wait time for regular customers. This has important policy implications for the provider, especially a government organization such as the TSA. Existing literature has focused on service differentiation as a means to maximize profit or overall social welfare, but its effect on individual customers has received little attention. We find customer's equilibrium decisions for any allocation choice made by the provider. Using the equilibrium result, we solve for the allocation choice that maximizes social welfare. Even when customers behave strategically, an expedited service offered in parallel to a standard service can not only increase overall welfare, but also do so for each customer individually. We also find that in a scenario where some customers lose out because of the expedited service, improving the efficiency of the expedited service is more effective than decreasing the enrollment cost to help those who are worse off. The gains from offering expedited service do not have to come at the expense of regular customers. When they do, we provide recommendations for which decision levers are most effective at making the system fair.
Hope for Special Hope? (A)

This case set follows Eric and Holly Nelson, founders of Special Hope Network, a nonprofit organization providing holistic therapy services for children with intellectual disabilities and their families in Lusaka, Zambia. Eric, a pastor, and Holly, a special needs teacher, had previously adopted three children with Down syndrome and moved to Zambia to form this enterprise. They worked hard to overcome systemic obstacles to their mission, including a cultural bias against bringing children with intellectual disabilities out in public; a feeling that the family was to blame for the child's disabilities; a scarcity of qualified therapists; and a variety of economic and regulatory factors. Having originally relied on donations from US-based friends and family, they needed to finance their therapy centers, which were targeted to low-income Zambian families, and were highly subsidized. Options they explored included fundraising with local businesses, "child sponsoring" on their website, grant writing, teaching other educators and nonprofits, and tourism fundraising. This A case takes place in 2012, when the Nelsons are considering opening a for-profit resource center, marketed to middle- and upper-class Zambians. It explores the viability of this option, and asks, "Does a for-profit resource center fit with our mission to serve the neediest children?" This case is suitable for an undergraduate, graduate, or executive education class on nonprofit management or strategy. The focus is the alignment of a firm's activities, and whether they support its core mission—which can sometimes have a different answer depending on whether the firm is for profit or nonprofit. Excerpt UVA-OM-1679 Mar. 17, 2020 Hope for Special Hope? (A) Challenges for Special Hope Eric Nelson sat at his desk in Lusaka, Zambia, thinking, praying, and trying not to worry. He had a lot to be thankful for. His wife and three adopted children with special needs had, with the encouragement of friends, made the leap of faith to move to Africa two years before, in 2010. Their purpose was to start an organization dedicated to providing services for children with intellectual disabilities. In just two short years, they had started two centers for these children and their families with great success, but fundraising was a continual challenge. Eric thought about all the challenges and obstacles they had overcome, and he was confident they would overcome this as well. He knew of other not-for-profits that engaged in a variety of fundraising ventures—including selling services, tourist fundraising, and grants—and he wondered which of these best fit within the culture and mission of the organization. The Beginning . . .
Teaching Electrical Model of Power Transformers to Undergraduate Students: Magnetic Circuit Approach

This paper explains a unified approach for teaching the electrical model of power transformers to undergraduate students using magnetic circuits. The commonly used approach for explaining the electrical model of power transformers is a hybrid approach in which magnetic circuits are used to explain the presence of series inductances. However, the presence of shunt inductance and resistance in the model is explained using alternative approaches. In contrary, this paper explains how both series and shunt elements can be described by using magnetic circuits. Moreover, three real-world examples and Matlab/Simulink results are provided to demonstrate how the presented explanations can be used to describe the responses of power transformers in real-world applications.
Active immunization in Alzheimer’s disease

A phase 2 clinical trial of active immunization against a pathological form of the tau protein provides evidence for feasibility of this approach. Although active treatment did not show benefits on clinical outcome measures, analyses of fluid biomarkers and of a subset of patients with predicted pathology provide hints of efficacy.
Rethinking Print Journal Subscriptions at a Large Research University

In 2020–2021, the University of Connecticut (UConn) Library ceased more than 90% of its print journal subscriptions for the general collections. This decision was the outcome of a data-based review and cost-benefit analysis. Staff considered factors such as online availability, number of WorldCat holdings, scan-on-demand and interlibrary lending and borrowing activity, and hidden costs of storage and staff time for processing. Recorded usage proved all but nonexistent, with an annual average use of one per title. Additionally, print journals were inaccessible to patrons because of the closure of library stacks during the COVID-19 pandemic. We did not conduct an extensive qualitative review. UConn Library’s decisions broke new ground among U.S. research universities, which have winnowed their print subscriptions over the decades but rarely made a decisive break from print. This article will discuss the project, process, decisions, and data and will share UConn’s assessment strategies and criteria for reinstituting subscriptions. At stake was the principle that libraries must use their scarce resources effectively—at any scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Serials Review is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Three Decades of Culturally Relevant, Responsive, & Sustaining Pedagogy: What Lies Ahead?

Since 1988 I have been researching what I came to call, “Culturally Relevant Pedagogy” (CRP). This work, that examines the pedagogical expertise of those teachers who are successful with students w...
Goodpasture's Syndrome

Goodpasture's syndrome is a rare disease involving kidney and/or lungs. Early symptoms involve loss of appetite, fatigue and weakness. Bloody urine, nausea, vomiting, and dry cough occur during the advancement of the disease. Anti-glomerular basement membrane anti-bodies are present. The disease is slow progressing but could become fetal if untreated.
Influence of observed mantle anisotropy on isotropic tomographic models

There is a potential for isotropic tomographic models to be biased by ignored anisotropy; anisotropy could be mapped as artificial isotropic velocity perturbations. We investigate the distribution and strength of this potential bias for three tomographic S velocity models based on regional S and Rayleigh waveforms. We use observed SKS delay times and fast-axis orientations to compute equivalent S velocity perturbations for each wave path used for the tomographic models. These synthetic perturbations are then combined into a three-dimensional isotropic model which reflects the potential bias in the actual tomographic model. We quantify anisotropic bias and find that it indeed exists in the isotropic tomographic models investigated here. This bias gets weaker with increasing depth of the anisotropic material, and compared to the isotropic velocity anomalies typically interpreted by tomographers, the bias from anisotropy is small.
Groupwork and Mental Health by Manor, O.

Groupwork and Mental Health, edited by Oded Manor, is the latest addition to the Groupwork Monograph Series; who better than Oded Manor to select articles covering the depth and breadth of group wo...
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Sulfur Globules Accumulated by Chromatium Species

Isolated wet and dried sulfur globules, obtained by osmotic lysis of lysozyme-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid prepared spheroplasts of Chromatium okenii, C. weissei , and C. warmingii , were studied by polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction. When viewed through crossed Nicol prisms, the sulfur globules, whether in the cell or isolated in a pure, wet state, had a characteristic maltese cross appearance. The observation that rotation of the mount did not change the orientation of the arms suggested a symmetrical radial arrangement of the birefringent units. X-ray diffraction patterns of freshly isolated, wet sulfur globules gave two broad and diffuse diffraction rings with maxima at 0.36 and 0.52 nm. This pattern closely resembled the diffraction pattern of liquid sulfur. When allowed to stand in the wet state, the sulfur globules eventually converted into crystalline orthorhombic sulfur after passing through an unstable crystalline phase not previously described by X-ray diffraction. Vacuum drying of the sulfur globules accelerated the change into crystalline orthorhombic sulfur. Images
Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli htrB gene, whose product is essential for bacterial viability above 33 degrees C in rich media.

Abstract We have identified and studied the htrB gene of Escherichia coli. Insertional inactivation of the htrB gene leads to bacterial death at temperatures above 33 degrees C. The mutant bacterial phenotype at nonpermissive temperatures includes an arrest of cell division followed by the formation of bulges or filaments. The htrB+ gene has been cloned by complementation and shown to reside at 23.4 min on the E. coli genetic map, the relative order of the neighboring loci being mboA-htrB-pyrC. The htrB gene is transcribed in a counterclockwise fashion, relative to the E. coli genetic map, and its product has been identified as a membrane-associated protein of 35,000 Da. Growth experiments in minimal media indicate that the HtrB function becomes dispensable at low growth rates.
Junction analysis of selenized CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cells

CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cells (run 489B) fabricated by the selenization of metallic layers show several favorable features in the diode junction characteristics. At any selected voltage, the forward current, defined in the light as measured current plus photocurrent, is smaller than that reported from other CuInSe/sub 2/ cells. Thus voltages near 400 mV at maximum power and near 500 mV at open circuit are attained. The reduced forward current results from a combination of (1) a small diode quality factor of 1.5, (2) near-superposition of light and dark curves, and (3) CuInSe/sub 2/ hole density as high as 7*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. Both current and capacitance results suggest progress in reducing the density of extraneous bandgap states. >
Epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri in a pregnant woman

Background Bacteria in the Streptococcus milleri group (S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermedius) are associated with bacteremia and abscess formation. While most reports of Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) infection occur in patients with underlying medical conditions, SMG infections during pregnancy have been documented. However, SMG infections in pregnant women are associated with either neonatal or maternal puerperal sepsis. Albeit rare, S. milleri spinal-epidural abscess in pregnancy has been reported, always as a complication of spinal-epidural anesthesia. We report a case of spinal-epidural abscess caused by SMG in a young, pregnant woman without an antecedent history of spinal epidural anesthesia and without any underlying risk factors for invasive streptococcal disease.
Factors affecting improved glycaemic control in youth using insulin pumps

Diabet. Med. 27, 1174–1177 (2010) Abstract Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with insulin pump therapy resulting in lower HbA1c levels in young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods Insulin pumps were downloaded from 150 youth (81 male), ages 5–20 years. Consecutive insulin pump downloads, 3 months apart, were available for 85 (43 male) of the 150 youth and changes in pump use were correlated with changes (≥ 0.5%, ≥ 6 mmol/mol) in HbA1c levels. Results Using cross-sectional data, lower HbA1c values correlated with use of more frequent daily insulin boluses (r = –0.46, P < 0.0001) and more frequent blood glucose checks/day (r = –0.35, P < 0.0001). Young people with HbA1c levels < 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) vs. values of 7.5–9.0% (58-75 mmol/mol) or ≥ 9.0% (75 mmol/mol) tested blood glucose more frequently/day (P < 0.0001), bolused more frequently/day (P < 0.0001), reported more grams of carbohydrates eaten/day (P < 0.05) and had a higher per cent bolus insulin/day (P < 0.05) compared with the ≥ 9.0% of youth. Using longitudinal data, 48 of 85 patients had a change in HbA1c level of ≥ 0.5% (6 mmol/mol) between downloads (24 improved). Increased bolus insulin (OR = 1.15, P = 0.03) and time of temporary basal rate use (OR = 1.017, P = 0.01) predicted ≥ 0.5% (6 mmol/mol) decrease in HbA1c in logistic regression. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of blood glucose testing, of bolus insulin administration and of an increase in the time of temporary basal rate use in relation to improving glycaemic control.
Production sharing in East Asia : who does what for whom, and why?

The authors analyze empirical information on the nature and magnitude of, and motivation for, international production sharing in East Asia. To do so, they use a largely untapped source of data on inter- and intra-regional trade in parts and components. Some of their findings: East Asian trade in components is considerably greater than often recognized. Regional global exports of parts and components totaled $178 billion in 1996, and imports of those products about $12 billion less. Components now constitute one-fifth of East Asian exports of manufactures. Imports of components, measured as a share of all manufactures, are growing considerably faster in East Asia than in OECD Europe or North America. The value of East Asian global imports of components rose more than ninefold over the period 1985-96. Almost three-quarters of all East Asian imports of telecommunications equipment are components for further assembly. East Asian global exports of components grew faster then any other major product group over 1984-96, when their exchange increased 15 percent a year (compared with 11 percent for all products ). Although Japanese exports declined slightly in 1997, shipments from most other East Asian countries increased 9 to 16 percent. Why did production sharing expand? Analyses of traditionally revealed comparative advantage use export statistics to determine whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good. The same indices, calculated using import statistics for components, can show whether a country has a comparative advantage in the assembly of a product. Using statistics on component imports, the authors find that: Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan (China)--which are exiting most assembly operations--increased their specialization in the manufacture of components. Assembly operations, which are labor-intensive, tend to migrate to low-wage East Asian countries. Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand have the broadest and most mature assembly capacity for components. But no East Asian country has developed its domestic assembly operations as much as Mexico, which has a comparative advantage in 70 percent of all component groups. Collectively, East Asian countries are strengthening their comparative advantage in the production of components; the results are mixed for assembly operations.
History and the Enlightenment – By Hugh Trevor-Roper

Hugh Trevor‐Roper [1914–2003] had been writing history for more than twenty years and had already begun to develop his elegant, and occasionally sardonic, narrative style as an essayist when his at...
Integraph solutions of electron orbits in the Barbhausen-Kurz effect

Abstract The Continuous Integraph has been used to trace the orbits of an electron oscillating within the filament-plate space of a three-electrode vacuum tube, such oscillations being presumably the origin of the Barkhausen-Kurz Effect. The effects of space-charge, initial velocity of emission, and amplitude of oscillations are considered. The results check and extend those of Kapzov found by other methods.
Patterns of Intimacy and Distancing as Young Women (and Men) Friends Exchange Stories of Romantic Relationships

Heterosexual U.S. adolescents tend to show gender differences in how they describe romantic relationships, with males being positioned as cool and objectifying toward females, and females as warm and positively engaged (Simon et al. 1992; Tolman 2002). However, according to developmental theory (Arnett 2000, 2004), such gender scripts should be less operative in early adulthood, when romantic relationships become a prime concern for college-age youth regardless of gender. Partly confirming this premise, a recent study of male undergraduate friends in California found that during casual conversations, one of their most prevalent story telling patterns was shifting between positioning themselves as warm and engaged (intimate) and as cool and objectifying (distancing) toward romantic partners (Korobov and Thorne 2006). For purposes of a gender comparison, the present archival, mixed-methods study deployed the same methodology to examine the prevalence of these patterns for a companion college sample of 37 pairs of women friends. Gender differences were found for only one of four story patterns: Women friends told proportionately more stories than men that were mildly intimate. Otherwise the stories of both genders showed parallel patterns either of dense distancing, or of repeatedly shifting between intimacy and distancing. In addition, women and men friends showed a similar versatility in the array of patterns they produced. The findings suggest mild operability of a gendered intimacy script, but more generally support the premise that working out what one does and doesn’t want in a romantic relationship is a common concern for young adult friends regardless of gender.
Accumulation of pristanic acid (2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) in the plasma of patients with generalised peroxisomal dysfunction

The plasma of some patients with biochemical evidence of a generalised peroxisomal dysfunction (GPD) show greatly increased levels of phytanic acid as well as its α-oxidation product, pristanic acid (2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid). Increased amounts of 14- and 16- carbon branched chain fatty acids are also found in some of these patients. As pristanic acid is present in normal or near-normal amounts in classical Refsum disease and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia, two disorders characterised by deficiencies in phytanic acid oxidation, we speculate that its accumulation is not secondary to a defect in the α-oxidation of phytanic acid, but is indicative of a block in the peroxisomal β-oxidation of pristanic acid. The finding of phytanic acid, as well as a number of its metabolites in patients with inherited defects in peroxisomal biogenesis indicates that a number of the steps in phytanic acid degradation may be confined to peroxisomes.
Model of Drug Delivery to the Eye

Ocular diseases cause vision deficiency and blindness in a substantial number of people in the world every day. Therefore, a controlled and sustained system of drug delivery to a specific spot within the eye is of interest for the ophthalmology community. The unique and complicated anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye make this organ highly resistant to drug delivery systems. The major challenge is to improve the efficiency of each treatment method along with avoiding the invasive techniques which damage the eye’s protective barrier tissues. In this work we make a computer model for the drug delivery to the anterior sections of the eye and provide a summary of transport characteristics of the eye, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the utilized drugs. A two dimensional finite element model is utilized to solve the conservation of mass and momentum equations within different eye sub-domains such as cornea, anterior chamber, iris and sclera. The commercial software Comsol Multiphysics was utilized to obtain the profile of concentration in the eye and the grid independency of the numerical results has been checked. The results are being shown in terms of transient drug concentration profile in the eye subdomains. The influence of the modeling parameters on the efficiency of the drug delivery system is studied. The effect of physical variables such as drug molecular size and its bioavailability are investigated. The results are compared with the available literature data which are based on the drug diffusion within the domain.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
3,5-Disubstituted quinolines as novel c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors

The structure-based design and synthesis of a novel series of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors with selectivity against p38 is reported. The unique structure of 3,5-disubstituted quinolines (2) was developed from the previously reported 4-(2,7-phenanthrolin-9-yl)phenol (1). The X-ray crystal structure of 16a in JNK3 reveals an unexpected binding mode for this new scaffold with protein.
Effects of Idoxuridine on Herpesvirus hominis Encephalitis and Disseminated Infections in Marmosets

Idoxuridine was tested in encephalitis and disseminated infection due to Herpesvirus hominis in marmosets. The disease in idoxuridine-treated marmosets was similar in clinical picture, mortality, and histopathologic changes to that in untreated controls. Slight modulation of the pathogenesis, as manifested by suppressed titers of virus in visceral organs, was observed when the drug was given before infection. Our preliminary results in marmosets suggest the need for further studies of idoxuridine in severe infections due to Herpesvirus hominis.
Memory for Stories in Learning Disabled Adults

Memory for narrative materials in learning disabled adults was assessed using stories constructed according to Mandler and Johnson's (1977) story grammar. Experiment I showed that LD adults and normal third graders recalled significantly less than university adults; sixth graders and community college adults were intermediate. The pattern of recall of story nodes, however, did not suggest a structural-organizational deficit in long-term memory, and there were no qualitative differences between the LD group and other groups. In experiment II a repetition group read the stimulus stories three trials successively. A construction group received a brief explanation of the story grammar after which subjects actively constructed the stimulus stories. Contrary to expectations, training in structural analysis did not strengthen the links among individual story elements; the construction group performed as poorly as a standard single-presentation group. Simple repetition, on the other hand, was extremely effective ...
Density functional studies of the potential energy surface of the Ni+(CF3) complex

Abstract The potential energy surface (PES) of [Ni, C, F 3 ] + has been examined by density functional calculations. The global minimum of Ni + (CF 3 ) is found to be a FNi + ⋯F 2 C ion–dipole structure with a calculated bond dissociation energy D 0 (FNi + –F 2 C)=52.5±5.0 kcal/mol. The intact trifluoromethyl isomer, Ni + –CF 3 , and the inserted difluorocarbene isomer, F 2 C–Ni + –F, are located at higher energies on the PES. The transition state structures connecting these minima are optimized and the largest barrier of the system, 13.6 kcal/mol, involves C–F activation.
Nicotine gum and self-regulation training in smoking relapse prevention

Participants were assigned randomly to one of three maintenance treatment conditions: 1—nicotine gum (n=22); 2—skills training (n=20); 3—combined (skills training + nicotine gum) (n=22). Prior to maintenance training, groups met on four consecutive days to receive aversion training and skills training. Those in Conditions 1 and 3 began using gum to manage withdrawal symptoms. During the maintenance phase, participants in Condition 1 attended a weekly 20 min drop-in clinic for 7 weeks to receive nicotine gum and complete assessments. Those in Conditions 2 and 3 received self-regulatory skills training. Abstinence rates at a 10.5 month follow-up were: Condition 1–23%; Condition 2–30%; Condition 3–50%. Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) and serum thiocyanate (SCN) levels verified participants' self-reports. Significant increases in perceived self-regulatory efficacy were observed from baseline to follow-up. Nicotine gum users reported less severe withdrawal symptoms than nonusers.
Exclusive soft function for Drell-Yan at next-to-next-to-leading order

We present next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) results for an exclusive soft function that appears in a recently developed factorization theorem for transverse momentum distributions. The factorization theorem, derived using the Soft Collinear Effective Theory, involves both a soft function and unintegrated nucleon distribution functions fully differential in momentum coordinates. The soft function is given by the vacuum matrix element of soft Wilson lines and is also fully differential in all components. We give results and relevant technical details for the NNLO calculation of the soft function, including finite parts, and derive the corresponding anomalous dimension. These results are necessary for achieving low transverse momentum resummation at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy in this effective field theory approach with unintegrated distribution functions.
Natural convection to horizontal wires. The conduction limit

Abstract Free convection measurements were carried out from horizontal platinum wires of 0.0254, 0.0508 and 0.0826 cm in diameter, all 10.2 cm in length, to a 2500 wppm aqueous Carbopol 960 solution. For this highly viscous fluid there was no evidence of fluid motion and the measured fluid temperature distribution and heat transfer rates were in good agreement with the values predicted for pure conduction. Similar results were found for highly concentrated (5000 wppm) aqueous polyacrylamide solutions.
Strength and durability performance of concrete axially loaded members confined with AFRP composite sheets

Abstract The performance of concrete columns externally wrapped with aramid fiber reinforced polymer composite sheets is presented in this paper. The confined and unconfined (control) specimens were loaded in uniaxial compression. Axial load and axial and hoop strains were measured in order to evaluate stress–strain behavior, ultimate strength, stiffness, and ductility of the wrapped specimens. Results show that external confinement of concrete by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite sheets can significantly enhance strength, ductility and energy absorption capacity. An analytical model developed earlier by the author to predict the entire stress–strain response of concrete specimens wrapped with FRP composite sheets was applied. Comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates that the model provides satisfactory predictions of the stress–strain response. The paper also presents the performance of the wrapped concrete specimens subjected to severe environmental conditions such as wet–dry and freeze–thaw cycles. The specimens were exposed to 300 cycles of wetting and drying using salt water. Results show that specimens wrapped with aramid fibers experienced no reduction in strength due to wet/dry exposure, but some reduction was observed due to freeze/thaw exposure.
Selective elimination of alleles in rice anther cultures

The nature of heterosis is discussed and selective elimination of alleles (introduced in the hybrid genotype by the parental forms) in anther culture is shown. This supports the possibility of removing viability-reducing alleles (lethal, semilethal, and less effective alleles) from the genotypes of heterotic hybrids in anther culture.
Trans-stimulation and driving forces for GSH transport in sinusoidal membrane vesicles from rat liver

Sinusoidal membrane vesicles from rat liver were employed to study the characteristics of GSH transport. Saturable concentration dependent uptake was best described by the sum of a high and low Km transport. Preloading with GSH markedly stimulated the initial uptake of GSH. GSH transport was electrogenic; uptake was enhanced by an inwardly directed K+ gradient which could be blocked by the K+-channel blocker, Ba2+. The other cations such as Na+, Li+ were poor substitutes for K+. These results therefore show that net GSH transport involves movement of K+.
Laboratory Observations on the Predation of Toxorhynchites Rutilus Rutilus on Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Laboratory tests indicated that the predatory activity of 4th-instar Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus larvae is affected by the size of container, prey density and prey stage. The rate of prey consumption was found to vary inversely with container size and directly with prey density; the incidence of killing behavior, where the prey is killed but not consumed, varied in a similar fashion. The predators, during the 4th instar, consumed less prey pupae than 4th instars, and more 1st- than 4th-instar larvae. While consumption rates varied considerably, pupal weights or development times of the predator could not be correlated with total or daily prey consumption.
Criteria for the Academic Promotion of Medical School—Based Psychiatrists

The objective of this study was to identify criteria used in recommending faculty for promotion in medical school—based departments of psychiatry. Chairs of 125 departments in the United States were asked to complete a 39-item questionnaire on departmental demographics and the expectations for academic performance of tenure-track, non-tenure-track, part-time, and medical research faculty. Different criteria were reported for the classifications of faculty studied, but not for promotion of the same class of faculty to different academic ranks. The increasing need for faculty to generate revenue blurs the distinction between tenure-track and non-tenure-track faculty and calls into question whether tenure track can practically continue as a faculty classification.
Many-body Green functions of q-deformed oscillators

Abstract Certain thermal (Matsubara) Green functions are obtained for a “free” system of quantum-deformed harmonic oscillators. It is shown that the form of the single-particle Matsubara function is changed, with an explicit dependence on s = 1n q appearing in a simple form and suggesting that quantum-deformed commutation rules intrinsically incorporate interactions even in the “free case”. A two-particle Matsubara function gives no evidence of a bound state energy shift.
Vascular malformation with radiation vasculopathy after treatment of chiasmatic/hypothalamic glioma.

Chiasmatic/hypothalamic gliomas usually are histologically benign astrocytomas that may recur many years after diagnosis and treatment. Three children with chiasmatic/hypothalamic gliomas who were treated at the authors' institution returned 9.5, 11.5, and 2 years, respectively, after radiation therapy (RT) because visual and neurologic deterioration developed. Neuroradiographic studies, including arteriography in two of the patients, showed large mass lesions. These were presumed to be recurrence of tumor, and chemotherapy was administered. Pathologic examination of two children who died and of the third who had a biopsy revealed only a minimal amount of residual, histologically benign astrocytoma, whereas the bulk of the specimen consisted of numerous vessels of variable size. These probably represented incorporation of the rich vasculature in the chiasmal region into the tumor, which underwent degeneration secondary to RT. Radiographic methods did not distinguish progressive tumor growth from the vasculopathy and led to inappropriate clinical diagnoses and treatment. Cancer 1992: 70:887–893.