cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Texts Like a Patchwork Quilt”: Reading Picturebooks About Slavery

This article examines narrative strategies present in picturebooks about slavery that feature quilts. Against the depicted dangers of slavery, images of quilts serve to offer a sense of hope and in that way they provide a means of discussing difficult subjects with very young readers. As a central image in these texts, the quilt is variously represented as an artifact of remembrance, an image of hope, a type of testimony, and a sign of safety. This article focuses on a selection of texts to explore how verbal and visual images work to present and mitigate issues of historical violence. Additionally, the ways the image of the quilt intra- and extra-textually functions as a metanarrative comment on the construction of picturebooks are examined.
Constant Flux Diffusion Across a Corner

The temperature distribution of a curved barrier heated by constant flux on one side is studied. Both the right-angled corner and the rounded corner are solved by the method of domain decomposition and matching. It is found that hot spot temperatures may reach 2.5 times that of a flat barrier but may be tempered with appropriate rounding at the corner.
Nocturnal acid breakthrough: clinical significance and correlation with esophageal acid exposure.

Nocturnal Acid Breakthrough: Clinical Significance and Correlation With Esophageal Acid Exposure
Positive Mood and Susceptibility to False Advertising

This paper examines the impact of mood on consumers' implicit and explicit responses to false advertising. In our first experiment, we find that those consumers in a positive (versus a negative or neutral) mood state are more likely to notice the false information in the advertising, but paradoxically, are also likely to develop positive feelings toward the brand. In that experiment, we used both a hedonic brand (Disney) and a hedonic/emotional ad (autobiographical). In our second experiment, we extend the ad stimulus context beyond Disney to Wendy's to more readily facilitate autobiographical versus informational manipulations. We find that, indeed, the hedonic advertising execution (autobiographical vis-a-vis informational) is associated with more elaborate processing (but only for those in a positive mood). The observed positive affect transfer continued, however, despite the greater detection of the false information in the positive mood condition. We propose that the negative feelings toward the ad a...
Anatomical research lives

A previously undescribed tissue connection may provide an explanation for some forms of tension headache. It also proves that common beliefs aboutanatomical research reaching its limits are unfounded.
Therapeutic cytokine stimulation of thrombocytopoiesis.

Abstract Endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO) stimulates platelet production by inducing dose-dependent megakaryocyte development from early marrow hematopoietic progenitors and subsequent proliferation and endoreduplication. Recombinant human (rHu) TPO or pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHu MGDF) produce log-linear responses in experimental animals and humans when administered over the dose range of 0.05–25 μg/kg/day with respect to peak peripheral platelet counts (or peripheral platelet mass turnover) and marrow megakaryocyte volume, ploidy, number and mass. Other cytokines stimulating megakaryocytopoiesis in various species using different dosing regimens include Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Interleukin 3 (IL-3), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 11 (IL-11), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, (GM-CSF), fusion proteins, such as promegapoietin, and a peptide agonist of TPO receptor. Whereas neither rHuTPO nor PEG-rHuMGDF induce platelet aggregation in vitro , they transiently enhance aggregatory responsiveness of platelets to physiologic agonists from several different experimental animals both in vitro and ex vivo . However, platelet recruitment into forming thrombus is not augmented by these agents when evaluated in quantitative rabbit or baboon models of platelet-dependent thrombus formation, except for the effect of platelet concentration per se. These findings indicate that appropriate dosing of these agents following marrow suppression prevents thrombocytopenia without increasing the risk of platelet-dependent thrombo-occlusive complications.
Inflammation in the uterus induces phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and substance P immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia neurons innervating both uterus and colon in rats

In women, clinical studies suggest that pain syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome and interstitial cystitis, which are associated with visceral hyperalgesia, are often comorbid with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. One of the possible explanations for this phenomenon is viscerovisceral cross-sensitization, in which increased nociceptive input from an inflamed pelvic organ sensitizes neurons that receive convergent input to the same dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from an unaffected visceral organ. Nociception induces up-regulation of cellular mechanisms such as phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and substance P (SP), neurotransmitters associated with induced pain sensation. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a rodent model, whether uterine inflammation increased the number of pERK- and SP-positive neurons that received input from both the uterus and the colon. Cell bodies of colonic and uterine DRG were retrogradely labeled with fluorescent tracer dyes microinjected into the colon/rectum and into the uterus. Ganglia were harvested for fluorescent microscopy to identify positively stained neurons. Approximately 6% of neurons were colon specific and 10% uterus specific. Among these uterus- or colon-specific neurons, up to 3-5% of DRG neurons in the lumbosacral neurons (L1-S3 levels) received input from both visceral organs. Uterine inflammation increased the number of pERK- and SP-immunoreactive DRG neurons innervating specifically colon, or innervating specifically uterus, and those innervating both organs. These results suggest that a localized inflammation activates primary visceral afferents, regardless of whether they innervate the affected organ. This visceral sensory integration in the DRG may underlie the observed comorbidity of female pelvic pain syndromes.
The Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors of Mice of the CBA Strain after a Change of Diet: Preliminary Report

Data have been published which indicate that the incidence of spontaneous tumors in female mice of the CBA strain is 5.6 per cent. This conclusion applies to female mice which have been used for a moderate degree of breeding and then kept on a “mixed oatmeal diet” (2). Between July 26, 1933, and May 2, 1934, 63 females of this same inbred strain that had been used for breeders were placed in reserve, free from further production of young, on a commercially prepared diet. Water was given in unlimited amounts. The mice were carefully inspected once a week for superficial lesions of any kind. At natural death, autopsies were performed on all animals. The accompanying charts present a comparative analysis of the observations on this series and data obtained in the earlier series of mice which had been given the “mixed oatmeal diet.” Mice of both series were kept on the commercially prepared diet up to the time breeding ceased. Chart I shows the ages at which the first litters were born for mice which were later put on the oatmeal diet (broken or dash line) and for mice which were continued on the commercially prepared diet. There is no difference in the two curves except at the 76–100 day period, when the data for those mice later placed on the “oatmeal diet” are larger, thus giving a somewhat smoother curve. Chart 2 gives the composite data on the age at first litter for the two groups of mice which are given separately in Chart 1. The ages at which breeding was discontinued and the mice were placed on their respective diets are given in Chart 3. The data for the “oatmeal diet” mice are again represented by the broken or dash line; the data for the commercial diet mice by the solid line. There is obviously no difference in the two sets of ages.
Phonon reflectivity behavior in CsH and CsD at megabar pressures: Phonons in the near IR (λ = 1 – 2 μm)

Abstract Reflectivity at the diamond-sample interface was measured for CsH at P = 0, 102, 177 and 251 GPa and for CsD at 137 GPa in the energy range 0.5–2.5 eV. The expected isotope effect for phonons was found, confirming that the rise in reflectivity observed at high pressure and the near infrared as energy decrease is due to phonons and is not a plasma edge, which might also be expected in this pressure range for CsH. These are the first studies of phonon reflectivity in the diamond anvil cell to 2.5 Mbar and are the first high pressure phonon studies in any of the alkali hydrides.
On Beginning French in College

FOR two consecutive years I had the unusual opportunity of conducting simultaneously in a private preparatory school and junior college two elementary courses in French, one designed for junior and senior preparatory students, the other for college freshmen. Here, as in most colleges and universities, the one-year elementary college course was presumably the equivalent of the two-year preparatory course. Can the college undergraduate hope to develop in one year the same linguistic skills as the two-year preparatory student? The desire to find an answer to this question prompted me to observe and compare very carefully the relative attainments of the two groups which I was teaching. The psychological approach to the problems of instruction was of necessity different in each class. The material chosen to be studied, however, was made as similar as possible. This was particularly true during the second semester of the academic year. The preparatory students had begun and partially completed in the preceding year the study of a grammar which devoted fifty lessons to the presentation of the elements of the French language. The study of this grammar was completed in the early part of the second semester of the second year. A grammar composed of twenty lessons and presenting only the minimum essentials of French syntax was chosen for the college students. The college class completed its study of this grammar at about the same time that the preparatory students completed their first grammar, i.e., during the early part of the second semester. For the remainder of the year, both classes used the same review grammar. Since the students were at different levels of attainment during the first semester, it was not possible to offer the same reading material. During the second semester, however, both classes had the same reader and the usual reading fare: Meilhac and Halevy's L'lPt de la Saint-Martin, selections from L'AbbW Constantin, and standard short stories by Daudet, de Maupassant, and Anatole France. By the end of the year, then, the college students had been exposed to the same amount of material as the senior preparatory students. Comparatively speaking, how much had each group assimilated?
PURINE CATABOLISM, A SOURCE OF ENDOGENOUSLY FORMED UREA IN HOMOGENATES OF AMPHIBIAN KIDNEY.

CLASSICAL thinking holds that the bulk of urea formed in the body is derived from reactions of the Krebs–Henseleit cycle1 occurring in the liver of mammals and of amphibia2. Although the cycle is incomplete in mammalian kidney due to a relative lack of ornithine transcarbamylase and of carbamyl phosphate synthetase3, the enzymatically catalysed pathway, citrulline+aspartate⇌arginine⇌urea+ornithine provides a potential source of urea in kidney cells.
Freedom in Perspective

One hopes that Borsodi's adoption of a rather formidable terminology and system of logical classification does not discourage readers of an otherwise significant and constructive work. It is an interesting point that, no doubt as an outgrowth of the author's philosophy of the balanced life, he set the type and largely composed the book on his own linotype machine in his country homestead, much in the tradition of William Morris and kindred craftsmen-philosophers. PETER VAN DRESSER Solebury Bucks County, Pa.
Compensation of vehicle dynamic induced navigation errors with dual antenna GPS attitude measurements

This paper examines the effect of sideslip on typical kinematic navigation models that neglect lateral vehicle dynamics. A kinematic model accounting for sideslip and requiring no knowledge of vehicle parameters was developed. The expanded model shows improvements to traditional modelling and emphasises the need to include sideslip for improved navigational accuracy with and without GPS. Future control systems, such as lane keeping, will require this higher accuracy to perform properly. Sideslip was calculated using a dual antenna GPS receiver and only required simple geometric vehicle knowledge. A non-linear vehicle simulation was developed and used to demonstrate the effects of sideslip on navigation solutions in a controlled setting. Experimental data is examined from an emergency lane change manoeuvre to display errors in navigation estimates caused by sideslip. Results show the model including sideslip provides a higher accuracy navigation estimate.
Gene-Specific Patterns of Coregulator Requirements by Estrogen Receptor-α in Breast Cancer Cells

Progesterone receptor (PgR) controls the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, embryonic development, and homeostasis, and it plays important roles in breast cancer development and progression. However, the requirement of coregulators for estrogen-induced expression of the PgR gene has not been fully explored. Here we used RNA interference to demonstrate dramatic differences in requirements of 10 different coregulators for estrogen-regulated expression of six different genes, including PgR and the well-studied TFF1 (or pS2) gene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Full estrogen-induced expression of TFF1 required all ten coregulators, but PgR induction required only four of the 10 coregulators. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated several mechanisms responsible for the differential coregulator requirements. Actin-binding coregulator Flightless-I, required for TFF1 expression and recruited to that gene by estrogen receptor-α (ERα), is not required for PgR expression and not recruited to that gene. Protein acetyltransferase tat-interactive protein 60 and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler Brahma Related Gene 1 are recruited to both genes but are required only for TFF1 expression. Histone methyltransferase G9a is recruited to both genes and required for estrogen-induced expression of TFF1 but negatively regulates estrogen-induced expression of PgR. In contrast, histone methyltransferase myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), pioneer factor Forkhead box A1, and p160 coregulator steroid receptor coactivator-3 are required for expression of and are recruited to both genes. Depletion of MLL1 decreased ERα binding to the PgR and TFF1 genes. In contrast, depletion of G9a enhanced ERα binding to the PgR gene but had no effect on ERα binding to the TFF1 gene. These studies suggest that differential promoter architecture is responsible for promoter-specific mechanisms of gene regulation.
On the Integrated Density of States for Schrödinger Operators on ℤ2 with Quasi Periodic Potential

In this paper we consider discrete Schrodinger operators on the lattice ℤ2 with quasi periodic potential. We establish new regularity results for the integrated density of states, as well as a quantitative version of a “Thouless formula”, as previously considered by Craig and Simon, for real energies and with rates of convergence. The main ingredient is a large deviation theorem for the Green's function that was recently established by Bourgain, Goldstein, and the author. For the integrated density of states an argument of Bourgain is used. Finally, we establish certain fine properties of separately subharmonic functions of two variables that might be of independent interest.
The melatonin rhythm generating system: Developmental aspects

Abstract Development of the melatonin rhythm generating system, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, sympathetic innervation, and biochemistry of the pineal gland is reviewed. This system offers investigators an interesting opportunity to study the effects of drugs, hormones, and other factors on the developmental appearance of specific structures and biochemical parameters, and to determine the role, if any, each has in the development of an integrated neural system.
The Role of Medical Therapy for Variceal Bleeding

Acute variceal hemorrhage (AVH) is a lethal complication of portal hypertension and should be suspected in every patient with liver cirrhosis who presents with upper gastrointestinal bleed. AVH-related mortality has decreased in the last few decades from 40% to 15%-20% due to advances in the general and specific management of variceal hemorrhage. This review summarizes current management of AVH and prevention of recurrent hemorrhage with a focus on pharmacologic therapy.
Determination of 2D Pair Correlations and Pair Interaction Energies of In Atoms in Molecular Beam Epitaxially Grown InGaAs Alloys

Intra- and interlayer atom-atom correlations in molecular beam epitaxially grown dilute InGaAs alloys were studied using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. By imaging individual chemical constituents we construct a large ensemble of ``atom maps'' from which two-dimensional In-In pair correlation functions were deduced. We found a total absence of interlayer pair correlation along $[001]$ and a strong negative correlation for the nearest neighbor (nn) pair along $[110]$, corresponding to a repulsive interaction energy of 0.1 eV for the nn In pairs along $[110]$. In addition, a weak long-range oscillation in the correlation function along $[110]$ is observed.
Dietary adaptations and paleoecology of the Late Miocene ruminants from Pikermi and Samos in Greece

Abstract The late Miocene (Turolian) localities of Pikermi and Samos in Greece present numerous ruminant species which have been interpreted to represent savanna-adapted taxa. The masticatory morphology of these extinct ruminants is compared qualitatively to twenty-seven extant ruminant species from Asia and Africa using thirteen masticatory features. Statistical analysis of these features on the modern species shows significant differences between the morphology of browsers, intermediates and grazers and suggests that intermediate and grazing adaptations evolved independently more than once. In addition, certain extant ruminant browsers and intermediates may have assumed such diets from ancestral grazing species recently. Application of this method to the extinct species from Pikermi and Samos shows that, with the exception of one species, the bovids were either browsers or intermediates. Parurmiatherium rugosifrons from Samos was probably the only grazer. Pachytragus laticeps , a presumably advanced species, has masticatory morphology very similar to Miotragocerus species, commonly interpreted as primitive species. Samotherium boissieri and Helladotherium duvernoyi were intermediate feeders, although giraffids. We propose that the absence of grazers at these localities suggests that savanna-like dietary adaptations for ruminants were not as widespread as now. The presence of savannas similar to those of East Africa at Pikermi, Samos and other Miocene localities is unlikely. Such savannas were originally proposed because of modernization of fossil taxa, the presence of numerous ungulate and hyaenid species, the misconception that hipparions represent zebra-like species, and the abundance of fossil specimens. Ruminant faunal comparisons using masticatory morphology point out a greater similarity of Pikermi and Samos to extant forest and woodland ruminants; the extinct ruminant faunas were not similar to extant savanna-adapted species. A good physiognomic model for the Pikermi-Samos ruminants is the forest-woodland ruminants of Sichuan, China, Southeast Asia, and Kanha, India. The hypothesis that the Pikermi ruminants evolved in forested environments is supported by analysis of the local paleofloras. The Pikermi is similar to modern warm mixed riparian evergreen and broadleaf deciduous temperate woodland-forest. The Turolian mountains near Pikermi had mixed forests, although evergreens dominated.
User-annotated microtext data for modeling and analyzing users' sociolinguistic characteristics and age grading

Information from Twitter messages have become an important area for research in computational analysis of natural language. As yet, much latent user attribute analysis on Twitter is unexplored. One reason is that only few latent attributes are explicitly defined by users on Twitter. This work presents and analyzes a data set annotated by Twitter users themselves for age and other useful attributes for use in latent attribute inference applications. We report on statistical analysis of the collected latent attributes and tweet information using association mining.
Subattomole detection in the condensed phase by nonlinear laser spectroscopy based on degenerate four-wave mixing

Laser spectroscopy based on degenerate four-wave mixing (D4WM) has been demonstrated to offer excellent spectral resolution since the signal is inherently Doppler free. When using a low-pressure demountable discharge cell, Lorentzian (pressure) broadening is also minimized. In addition to excellent spectral resolution, this nonlinear laser method also offers excellent detection sensitivity for gas-phase samples. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear laser method can be used also as a highly sensitive analytical method to detect trace amounts of analyte in the condensed phase using continuously flowing liquid cells at room temperature. Both pulsed lasers and relatively low-power continuous-wave lasers can be used to generate the signal. Since the signal is detected against virtually a dark background and the signal beam is a time-reversed replica of the probe laser beam, optical signal can be most efficiently collected. Condensed phase D4WM detection sensitivity is comparable or better than those of laser-based fluorescence methods and yet D4WM is applicable for detection of both fluorescing and non- fluorescing molecules. Therefore, room-temperature degenerate four-wave mixing has many applications in analytical chemistry, especially when interfaced to continuously flowing chemical separation methods including liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fine control of DNA synthesis in developing chick red blood cells.

During complete inhibition of protein synthesis, a homogeneous population of immature chick red blood cells continues to synthesize DNA but at half the control rate. Synthesis in this situation is linear and continues for approximately 50 minutes before exponential inhibition begins. Inhibition of DNA synthesis occurs within 25 seconds after the inhibition of protein synthesis. Absence of protein synthesis does not affect DNA synthesis at the levels of (a) membrane permeability and uptake of label, (b) nucleotide metabolism, (c) a specific subpopulation of cells or (d) a specific sub-population of replicons. In addition, it is shown that protein synthesis is not required for the elimination of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. No qualitative differences could be found between DNA synthesized in the absence of protein synthesis and DNA made in control cells. Quantitative differences were, however, observed in the rate of DNA chain elongation (70 base pairs per second in control cells compared with 35 base pairs per second in cycloheximide-treated cells). The results are discussed in terms of (a) the function of such a tight coupling, (b) the time constants involved in the synthesis and removal of the coupling protein and (c) the characteristics of this protein which can be used for its identification.
Predicting dentists' perceived occupational risk for HIV infection

This study posed two questions: what is the level of perceived occupational risk among American general practice dentists (GPDs)? What factors influence perception of occupational risk for HIV infection among GPDs? In data obtained from a national mail survey of 1351 GPDs (response rate, 88%) 31% of American GPDs expressed disagreement with the statement that HIV+ individuals can be safely treated in their office settings. Of the 16 variables entered into a multiple regression equation, 9 variables had a statistically significant influence on dentists' assessment of occupational risk. In order of their influence they were (1) concern re the economic viability of the practice, (2) ethical obligation to treat patients at risk, (3) certainty of having treated patients with HIV infection, (4) risk attributed to four accidental occupational exposures, (5) concern re treatment of homosexuals, (6) relevant continuing education exposure, (7) personal worry re transmission of HIV infection from patients, (8) implementation of infection control behaviors, (9) number of patients seen per week. Statistically nonsignificant predictors of interest included age, knowledge level re HIV transmission routes, practice location in a high prevalence area, and perceived effectiveness of infection control behaviors. Results argue for intervention programs with less focus on delivery of factual information regarding the transmission of the disease and the effectiveness of infection control techniques, and more emphasis on the themes of practice economic viability, professional ethics, and structured educational encounters involving dentists' knowing exposure to HIV-infected patients.
A factor, U2AF, is required for U2 snRNP binding and splicing complex assembly

Pre-mRNA splicing complex assembly is mediated by two specific pre-mRNA-snRNP interactions: U1 snRNP binds to the 5' splice site and U2 snRNP binds to the branch point. Here we show that unlike a purified U1 snRNP, which can bind to a 5' splice site, a partially purified U2 snRNP cannot interact with its target pre-mRNA sequence. We identify a previously uncharacterized activity, U2AF, that is required for the U2 snRNP-branch point interaction and splicing complex formation. Using RNA substrate exclusion and competition assays, we demonstrate that U2AF binds to the 3' splice site region prior to the U2 snRNP-branch point interaction. This provides an explanation for the necessity of the 3' splice site region in U2 snRNP binding and, hence, the first step of splicing.
Inhibition of Leaf Senescence by Autoregulated Production of Cytokinin

Controlling expression of IPT, a gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cytokinin biosynthesis), with a senescence-specific promoter results in the suppression of leaf senescence. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing this chimeric gene do not exhibit the developmental abnormalities usually associated with IPT expression because the system is autoregulatory. Because sufficient cytokinin is produced to retard senescence, the activity of the senescence-specific promoter is attenuated. Senescence-retarded leaves exhibit a prolonged, photosynthetically active life-span. This result demonstrates that endogenously produced cytokinin can regulate senescence and provides a system to specifically manipulate the senescence program.
Gene-environment interaction in patterns of adolescent drinking: regional residency moderates longitudinal influences on alcohol use.

Background: Drinking frequency escalates rapidly during adolescence. Abstinence declines markedly, and drinking monthly or more often becomes normative. Individual differences in adolescent drinking patterns are large, and some patterns are predictive of subsequent drinking problems; little, however, is known of the gene–environment interactions that create them. Methods: Five consecutive and complete birth cohorts of Finnish twins, born 1975–1979, were enrolled sequentially into a longitudinal study and assessed, with postal questionnaires, at ages 16, 17, and 18.5 years. The sample included 1786 same-sex twin pairs, of whom 1240 pairs were concordantly drinking at age 16. Maximum likelihood models were fit in longitudinal analyses of the three waves of drinking data to assess changes in genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use across adolescence. Secondary analyses contrasted twin pairs residing in rural versus those in urban environments to investigate gene–environment interactions. Results: Longitudinal analyses revealed that genetic factors influencing drinking patterns increased in importance across the 30-month period, and effects arising from common environmental influences declined. Distributions of drinking frequencies in twins residing in urban and rural environments were highly similar, but influences on drinking varied between the two environments. Genetic factors assumed a larger role among adolescents residing in urban areas, while common environmental influences were more important in rural settings. Formal modeling of the data established a significant gene–environment interaction. Conclusions: The results document the changing impact of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use across adolescence. Importantly, the results also reveal a significant gene–environment interaction in patterns of adolescent drinking and invite more detailed analyses of the pathways and mechanisms by which environments modulate genetic effects.
Full-Scale Test of Continuity Diaphragms in Skewed Concrete Bridge Girders

Continuity diaphragms used in prestressed girder bridges on skewed bents have caused difficulties in detailing and construction. The results of the field verification for the effectiveness of continuity diaphragms for skewed, continuous, and prestressed concrete girder bridges are presented. The current design concept and bridge parameters that were considered include skew angle and the ratio of beam spacing to span (aspect ratio). A prestressed concrete bridge with continuity diaphragms and a skewed angle of 48° was selected for full-scale test by a team of engineers from Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and the Federal Highway Administration. The live load tests performed with a comprehensive instrumentation plan provided a fundamental understanding of the load transfer mechanism through these diaphragms. The findings indicated that the effects of the continuity diaphragms were negligible and they can be eliminated. The superstructure of the bridge could be designed with link slab....
A truly gravitational anomaly

Abstract The symmetry group of a massless particle is smaller in general relativity than in special relativity. As in anomalous quantum field theories, this symmetry reduction is caused by a necessary short-distance regularization.
Factors influencing chemisorption and ignition of wood chars

Abstract Solid discs of cottonwood have been pyrolyzed under nitrogen to an appropriate temperature and then cooled under nitrogen to chemisorption temperature for study of oxygen chemisorption activity. The following variables were studied, with the effects indicated. Presorption of nitrogen slowed the initial rate of oxygen chemisorption but had no effect on long-term (4 hours) chemisorption. Variation of pyrolysis temperature led to a pronounced maximum chemisorption for 450–500°C chars. The causes of this effect are assumed to be chemical in origin and are being studied further. Removal of indigenous metal ions from the wood and replacement with individual metal ions resulted in small but significant changes in chemisorption in the chars. Ignition of the char samples prepared by prepared by pyrolysis in nitrogen has been studied without removal of the char from the thermal balance. Ignition was dramatically influenced by the nature of the cations present. The complete removal of cations was most effective in raising ignition temperature or preventing ignition. The physical form of the wood samples (i.e., fine and coarse powders and solid discs) also had considerable influence on ignition, either in oxygen or in air.
Phoenix in Flux: Household Instability, Residential Mobility, and Neighborhood Change

Abstract The linkages between household instability and residential mobility underlie patterns of population change in the city. To explicate these linkages in Phoenix, Arizona, a rapidly growing Sunbelt city with high population turnover, we queried a sample of residents about their living arrangements and mobility status from 1986–88. The terms stable and unstable refer to household status; movers and stayers refer to mobility status. Results indicate that there is considerable flux in the Phoenix population. One-third of our respondents experienced a change in household status, a residential move, or both. The rates of mobility for rental housing exceed the rates of household change, resulting in stable moving. Owners, especially those in older neighborhoods, are more likely to change living arrangements than to move, resulting in unstable staying. Mobility exceeds household instability in areas where nonfamilies are disproportionately represented; instability exceeds mobility where families dominate. ...
Disseminated intravascular coagulation fibrinolytic syndrome following head injury in children." Frequency and prognostic implications

Eighty-seven consecutive children with head injury were evaluated within two hours of injury by clinical examination, by computed tomographic brain images, and for systemic blood clotting disorders. All were treated by a standard regimen and survival rates were calculated according to the initial neurologic abnormalities and pathology of the injury. Patients with the more severe neurologic abnormalities and those with more brain tissue destruction had poorer survival rates. However, 71% of all patients had one or more abnormal clotting tests and 32% had the disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis syndrome by laboratory criteria. The mortality was over four times greater in those patients with DIC compared to those with more normal clotting values. Our findings indicate that minor hemostatic abnormalities are the rule in head-injured children, that DIC occurs in nearly one-third of cases, and that DIC is associated with a marked increase in the mortality after brain injury; DIC may be a treatable secondary effect of head trauma that could decrease the mortality.
Miscibility of Molten Lithium and Sodium

Results of a calculation from first principles of the change on mixing of the electronic energy for seven molten lithium-sodium mixtures are presented. These results, along with the assumption of an ideal entropy of mixing, are used to predict the miscibility curve which forms the boundary on the phase diagram between the region of a single homogeneous melt and the region of two separated melts. Favorable agreement with experiment is obtained. Calculated energies for the lithium-sodium system are compared with energies previously found for the sodium-potassium system, a system for which the melts are miscible in all concentrations. This comparison reveals that it is chiefly the change on mixing of the average kinetic energy of the electrons which is responsible for the lithium-sodium miscibility gap. For the lithium-sodium system, the kinetic energy is found to increase on mixing, while for sodium-potassium and other liquid binary alkali mixtures for which no gap exists, the kinetic energy was found to decrease. In all other respects the mixing behavior of lithium and sodium seems to follow the general pattern previously established for other molten binary alkali mixtures.
A note on the flow‐shop problem without interruptions in job processing

This paper deals with a flow-shop problem where the n jobs are being processed uninterrupted by m machines. A comprehensive theory based on “an earliest starting time of a job” concept produced the most efficient solution method for a variety of optimization criteria. The paper also rectifies several known results in this area.
Head and neck squamous cell cancer and the human papillomavirus: summary of a National Cancer Institute State of the Science Meeting, November 9-10, 2008, Washington, D.C.

Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio. E-mail: adelstd@ccf.org Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 5 Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 6 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California University of Washington, Seattle, Washington H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
Improving the pedagogy associated with the teaching of psychopharmacology.

Objective The authors summarize two special sessions focused on the teaching of psychopharmacology at the 2003 and 2004 annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP). The focus was on whether “improving the teaching-learning process” in psychiatric residency programs could improve clinical practice.
A minor actin catastrophe

Using sophisticated fluorescence microscopy, polymerization of single actin filaments can now be observed directly. Recent experiments show that the ends of actin filaments grow and shorten more rapidly than would be predicted from measured rate constants for monomer association and dissociation. This suggests that actin filaments may undergo a type of dynamic instability, similar to microtubules, or even use a previously uncharacterized mechanism to drive filament turnover.
The house of refuge movement: Humanitarian gesture or simple exploitation?

The 1800s marked the early development of a new approach to child welfare in the United States. Beginning with the house of refuge movement (1820s) and culminating with the creation of the juvenile court (1899), this developmental period has been traditionally praised as an age of humanitarian reform. Sociological research has suggested, however, that the creation of the juvenile court served mainly as a new form of social control designed to protect the power and privilege of the middle and upper classes while furthering the exploitation of the lower class. Unfortunately this research has treated only the reforms of the middle to late 1800s. The present study seeks to contribute to this literature by illuminating the early reforms. More specifically, an examination of the New York, Boston, and Philadelphia houses of refuge reveals that the exploitation thesis provides a more complete explanation of the emergence of these houses than does the humanitarian position.
Real-time voltammetric detection of cocaine-induced dopamine changes in the striatum of freely moving mice.

Abstract In the present voltammetric study, we have characterized cocaine-induced changes in evoked dopamine release and uptake in the striatum of freely moving mice in real time. Cocaine induced marked dopamine uptake inhibition measured as apparent Km changes, producing a maximal effect 20 min following a single injection (15 mg/kg, i.p.). Changes in uptake were paralleled by increases in evoked dopamine release per stimulus pulse, revealing a high correlation between these two parameters following cocaine administration. This initial characterization of cocaine effects on striatal dopamine transmission in the commonly used C57BL/6 mouse strain provides a basis for future voltammetric studies using genetic mouse models.
Negative emotion interference during a synonym matching task in pediatric bipolar disorder with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

10 Abstract 11 This study examined whether processing of emotional words impairs cognitive performance in acutely ill patients with 12 pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), with or without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relative to 13 healthy controls (HC). Forty youths with PBD without ADHD, 20 youths with PBD and ADHD, and 29 HC (mean 14 age 5 12.97 6 3.13) performed a Synonym Matching task, where they decided which of two probe words was the 15 synonym of a target word. The three words presented on each trial all had the same emotional valence, which could be 16 negative, positive, or neutral. Relative to HC both PBD groups exhibited worse accuracy for emotional words relative to 17 neutral ones. This effect was greater with negative words and observed regardless of whether PBD patients had comorbid 18 ADHD. In the PBD group without ADHD, manic symptoms correlated negatively with accuracy for negative words, and 19 positively with reaction time (RT) for all word types. Our findings suggest a greater disruptive effect of emotional valence 20 in both PBD groups relative to HC, reflecting the adverse effect of altered emotion processing on cognitive function in 21 PBD. Future studies including an ADHD group will help clarify how ADHD symptoms may affect emotional interference 22 independently of PBD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12) 23 24 Keywords: Bipolar, ADHD, Emotion, Attention bias, Interference, Youths
The Primacy of Politics: Revolutionary Revisionism and the Merging of Nationalism and Socialism

As we saw in the last two chapters, democratic revisionism emerged in response to the inability of orthodox Marxism to explain or deal with many of the challenges of Western Europe's fin-de-siecle. Yet this was not the only revisionist challenge to emerge in response to orthodox Marxism's perceived problems during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, the most famous revisionist of this time was a figure who came not from Western Europe, but from its periphery – V. I. Lenin. Operating in a country in the early rather than later stages of capitalist development, Lenin found a doctrine that preached that socialism would develop only when economic conditions were ripe as unattractive as Eduard Bernstein and other West European socialists found it unbelievable. Having little faith in or patience with the inexorable unfolding of history, Lenin therefore also developed a strategy that was based on the primacy of politics rather than economics in the transition to socialism. Recognizing, in other words, that socialism would not come about simply because it was inevitable (or unwilling to wait around for such an eventuality to occur), Lenin concluded that it would have to be achieved as the result of human action. This realization Lenin shared with other revisionists; where he differed is in the conclusions he drew from this. Where democratic revisionists put their faith in the ability of an inspired majority to effect fundamental change through democratic means, in Lenin's revisionism historical materialism was replaced by the view that socialism could be imposed through the politico-military efforts of a revolutionary elite.
Exsanguinating hemorrhage from peripheral varicosities

A 48-year-old woman presented to the emergency department in cardiovascular collapse after the onset of spontaneous bleeding from a noninflamed, nontraumatized varicose vein of the lower extremity. Despite successful immediate resuscitation she later succumbed to the sequelae of hemorrhagic shock. There was no evidence of coagulopathy or coagulation defect. No cardiovascular disease was found on autopsy. Although not common, spontaneous rupture of peripheral varicosities occurs often enough to be of concern. The pathologic lesions have been classified as acute and chronic, with acute lesions occurring in otherwise normal skin. Exsanguination from this source is not mentioned in standard texts, and only 27 cases have been reported in the literature.
GENERALIZED GRAPH CORDIALITY

Hovey introduced A-cordial labelings in [4] as a simultaneous generalization of cordial and harmonious labelings. If A is an abelian group, then a labeling f : V (G) → A of the vertices of some graph G induces an edgelabeling on G; the edge uv receives the label f(u) + f(v). A graph G is A-cordial if there is a vertex-labeling such that (1) the vertex label classes differ in size by at most one and (2) the induced edge label classes differ in size by at most one. Research on A-cordiality has focused on the case where A is cyclic. In this paper, we investigate V4-cordiality of many families of graphs, namely complete bipartite graphs, paths, cycles, ladders, prisms, and hypercubes. We find that all complete bipartite graphs are V4-cordial except Km,n where m,n ≡ 2(mod 4). All paths are V4-cordial except P4 and P5. All cycles are V4-cordial except C4, C5, and Ck, where k ≡ 2(mod 4). All ladders P2�Pk are V4-cordial except C4. All prisms are V4-cordial except P2�Ck, where k ≡ 2(mod 4). All hypercubes are V4-cordial, except C4. Finally, we introduce a generalization of A-cordiality involving digraphs and quasigroups, and we show that there are infinitely many Q-cordial digraphs for every quasigroup Q.
Dory-Guest-Harris instability as a benchmark for continuum kinetic Vlasov-Poisson simulations of magnetized plasmas

The Dory-Guest-Harris instability is demonstrated to be a well-suited benchmark for continuum kinetic Vlasov-Poisson algorithms. The instability is a special case of perpendicularly-propagating kinetic electrostatic waves in a warm uniformly magnetized plasma. A complete derivation of the closed-form linear theory dispersion relation for the instability is presented. The electric field growth rates and oscillation frequencies specified by the dispersion relation provide concrete measures against which simulation results can be quantitatively compared. A fourth-order continuum kinetic algorithm is benchmarked against the instability, and is demonstrated to have good convergence properties and close agreement with theoretical growth rate and oscillation frequency predictions. Second-order accurate simulations are also shown to be consistent with theoretical predictions, but require higher resolution for convergence. The Dory-Guest-Harris instability benchmark extends the scope of current standard test problems by providing a substantive means of validating continuum kinetic simulations of magnetized plasmas in higher-dimensional 3D ( x , v x , v y ) phase space. The linear theory analysis, initial conditions, algorithm description, and comparisons between theoretical predictions and simulation results are presented.
PILGRM: an interactive data-driven discovery platform for expert biologists

PILGRM (the platform for interactive learning by genomics results mining) puts advanced supervised analysis techniques applied to enormous gene expression compendia into the hands of bench biologists. This flexible system empowers its users to answer diverse biological questions that are often outside of the scope of common databases in a data-driven manner. This capability allows domain experts to quickly and easily generate hypotheses about biological processes, tissues or diseases of interest. Specifically PILGRM helps biologists generate these hypotheses by analyzing the expression levels of known relevant genes in large compendia of microarray data. Because PILGRM is data-driven, it complements a user’s knowledge and literature analysis with mining of diverse functional genomic data, thereby generating novel predictions that can drive experimental follow-up. This server is free, does not require registration and is available for use at http://pilgrm.princeton.edu.
Recent developments at Dungeness

FINDON, R. A., 1989. Recent developments at Dungeness. The most significant development pressures at Dungeness over the last three years are discussed, namely military training, aggregate winning, water industry, electricity generation, recreation and tourism. The future prospects for Dungeness are briefly reviewed, as are the changes to the area notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.