cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dependent Outcome of Teachers Performance in Secondary Schools in Delta State: An Empirical Assessment of Principal’s Supervision Capacity

This paper investigates the degree to which the performance of teachers in secondary schools in Delta State depends on the capacity of school principals to maintain and enforce adequate supervision. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested with Pearson correlation methods. The population of teachers used is 8,705 and 491 principals out of which 300 teachers equals 3.4% and 30 principals equals 6.1% were sampled using random sampling techniques. A total of 330 respondents were sampled and served with questionnaires. Two hypotheses were tested. The results show that teachers Performance in Secondary Schools is significantly dependent on the capacity of the principals to effectively conduct adequate and valuable supervision which validates the importance of discipline, record keeping and teaching aids. The study recommends that school principals should routinely adopt reasonable supervisory behaviour to enhance teachers’ task in the classrooms.
Impact of surface coupling grids on tropical cyclone extremes in high-resolution atmospheric simulations

Abstract. This paper discusses the sensitivity of tropical cyclone climatology to surface coupling strategy in high-resolution configurations of the Community Earth System Model. Using two supported model setups, we demonstrate that the choice of grid on which the lowest model level wind stress and surface fluxes are computed may lead to differences in cyclone strength in multi-decadal climate simulations, particularly for the most intense cyclones. Using a deterministic framework, we show that when these surface quantities are calculated on an ocean grid that is coarser than the atmosphere, the computed frictional stress is misaligned with wind vectors in individual atmospheric grid cells. This reduces the effective surface drag, and results in more intense cyclones when compared to a model configuration where the ocean and atmosphere are of equivalent resolution. Our results demonstrate that the choice of computation grid for atmosphere–ocean interactions is non-negligible when considering climate extremes at high horizontal resolution, especially when model components are on highly disparate grids.
Choline antimetabolites; studies with intestinal muscle.

SummaryCholine-like and anticholine activities of a series of compounds structurally related to choline have been determined using segments of rabbit ileum. Triethyl-choline, β-methyltriethylcholine and α-me-thyl- α-hydroxymethylcholine were competitive inhibitors of choline in this tissue but had choline-like activity on segments of jejunum.
Influence of impedance contrast on field distribution and tree growth in laminate dielectrics

The effect of the impedance characteristics of an imbedded barrier and inclusions on tree growth and field distribution characteristics was explored through Monte Carlo and finite element method based simulations. A stochastic tree propagation computer model was developed for the laminate composites that were comprised of a high-permittivity barrier layer imbedded in the low permittivity matrix. The impedance of the high-permittivity barrier was altered by systematically changing the permittivity (er) of the barrier, resulting in a permittivity contrast ranging from 1 to 100. The model showed that there is a significant change in the various breakdown tree propagation characteristics such as number of breakdown steps, speed and shape with impedance contrast. A compilation of several simulation runs was statistically analyzed for each barrier and the number of breakdown steps increased significantly as the barrier permittivity approached 100. The results of this model can be generalized to impedance contrast between dielectric layers that include complex permittivity.
Frequency of self-weighing and weight loss outcomes within a brief lifestyle intervention targeting emerging adults.

Summary Background Frequent self-weighing is associated with better weight loss and maintenance among adults. Emerging adults ages 18–25 rarely enroll in behavioural weight loss trials, and thus, little is known about their willingness to engage in frequent self-weighing and its association with weight loss in this age group. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of self-weighing among 18–25-year-old over the course of a brief lifestyle intervention and to determine the association between frequent self-weighing and weight loss. Methods Emerging adults (EA) ages 18–25 [N = 52, 54% racial/ethnic minority, 79% female, BMI = 34.2 (5.4)] enrolled in a 3-month lifestyle intervention with structure and content modified for EA. Benefits of frequent self-weighing were presented; participants were encouraged to weigh themselves at least weekly and no more than daily. Assessments occurred at baseline and post-treatment (3 months). Results At baseline, a majority of participants (63.5%) reported self-weighing less than once a week. Frequency of self-weighing increased over treatment (p < 0.001), with 42.9% weighing weekly and 38.2% weighing several times per week or more (i.e. frequent self-weighing) at 3 months. Frequent self-weighing was associated with greater weight loss (p = 0.03) and greater likelihood of achieving 5% weight loss (p = 0.01) at post-treatment. Conclusions Frequent self-weighing may be a viable approach to promoting self-regulation during the high-risk developmental period of emerging adulthood. Consistent with findings among other adult samples, frequent self-weighing was associated with greater weight losses.
Microbiological Hazards and Emerging Food-Safety Issues Associated with Seafoods †.

The United States is entering into a new era in which dwindling natural fisheries resources are forcing regulatory agencies to develop a more holistic approach to seafood safety and natural marine resource issues. Public health issues associated with seafoods can be grouped as (i) environmentally induced (i.e., natural or anthropogenic), (ii) process-induced, (iii) distribution-induced, or (iv) consumer-induced hazards. Similarly, loss of habitat and ecosystem degradation threaten the future viability of fisheries and have important ramifications for seafood safety. In the United States, large-scale legistlative efforts are underway to reexamine regulatory food control systems. The driving forces behind these efforts are the discovery of new emerging pathogens for which little information is available and dramatic improvements in analytic technology that allow for detection of low levels of microbial and chemical contaminants in foods. The global nature of seafood trading issues and the worldwide implementation of new preventative food safety programs such as hazard analysis for critical control points are driving some of the efforts to build new scientific bridges that will reevaluate current risk analysis strategies. New scientific bridges are needed to close the gaps between the scientific community and society concerning the effects of anthropogenic impacts on seafood safety and the heatlh of coastal habitats and associated fishery resources. The driving force behind this latter issue is the realization that the United States has lost over half of its original coastal wetlands areas. Protecting, conserving, and restoring the health and safety of our fisheries resources will require an integrated approach of food science and fishery science.
The Cover-Up

When they completed their investigation of the My Lai massacre, the Peers Commission concluded that a systematic cover-up of the incident had occurred at every level of command in the Americal Division. Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, the helicopter pilot who had rescued some of the villagers, had reported the incident to his chaplain, Captain Carl Creswell, and to Colonel Oran K. Henderson, commander of the 11th Infantry Brigade, but a thorough investigation of the allegations never took place. It was not until Ronald Ridenhour’s letter of March 29, 1969, more than a year after the massacre, that the army launched a formal investigation.
One-to-One Correlation between Structure and Optical Response in a Heterogeneous Distribution of Plasmonic Constructs

Assemblies of coupled plasmonic nanoparticles are used as sensors and rulers for the measurement of nanoscale distances and dynamic distance changes in biological and macromolecular systems. Since such rulers are employed at the single-device level, variations from one construct to another can greatly influence their reliability as sensors. In this work, we performed an experimental and simulation-based analysis of the structural and functional heterogeneity in model assemblies consisting of a Au nanosphere (NS) attached to a highly polarizable Au nanoplate (NP). Spectral characteristics, including the number, nature, and energy position of plasmon modes, varied significantly from one construct to another. The coupling-induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) shift, which can be the optical readout for sensing applications, ranged over an order of magnitude across the set of constructs measured. By correlating scattering spectra with construct morphologies obtained from scanning electron microsc...
The Adenovirus Early Proteins

The adenovirus early proteins are defined as those proteins encoded by the virus that are synthesized prior to and in the absence of viral DNA replication. The functions of these early viral proteins provide new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation and DNA replication in higher eukaryotic cells. These adenovirus proteins regulate transcription in both a positive (Berk et al. 1979; Jones and Shenk 1979; Ross et al. 1980 a) and a negative (Nevins and Winkler 1980) fashion, as well as affecting the stability of viral mRNA (Babich and Nevins 1981). Some early proteins may be involved in RNA processing (Klessig and Grodzicker 1979; Sarnow et al. 1982 a) or RNA transport out of the nucleus. Other early proteins are required for viral DNA replication (Van der Vliet et al. 1975; Challberg et al. 1980; Stillman et al. 1981; Lichyet al. 1981), specifying three distinct functions in this process. A subset of the early viral proteins are both necessary and sufficient for cellular transformation by this virus (Sambrook et al. 1975; Graham et al. 1974, 1975, 1978; Shenk et al. 1979). Other early gene products can affect the frequency of transformation by adenovirus (Ginsberg et al. 1974; Williams et al. 1974; Logan et al. 1981). Finally, the host range of human adenoviruses can be extended by mutations in some early viral genes (Klessig and Grodzicker 1979), implying that the life cycle of the virus and its tissue pathology and disease patterns may vary with early gene function or alterations in such functions.
A revised empirical model to calculate the dynamic viscosity of H2ONaCl fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures (≤1000 °C, ≤500 MPa, 0–100 wt % NaCl)

Abstract Examination of viscosities for fluids in the system H2O NaCl predicted by the commonly-used model of Palliser and McKibbin has identified regions of pressure-temperature-salinity (PTx) space in which the model delivers values that are inconsistent with some experimental data and exhibits discontinuities and trends that are unexpected. Here, we describe a revised empirical model to calculate viscosity of H2O NaCl fluids that shows good correlation with experimental values and shows trends that are consistent with known or expected behavior outside of the region where experimental data are available. The model described here is valid over the temperature range from the H2O solidus (∼0 °C) to ∼1000 °C, from ∼0.1 MPa to ≤500 MPa, and for salinities from 0 to 100 wt % NaCl.
TET and 5hmC in Neurodevelopment and the Adult Brain

Abstract Since the discovery in 2009 that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is at remarkably high levels in the brain, much effort has been put into understanding the role of this epigenetic mark in neuronal function. With the advent of various approaches for the detection of 5hmC, in a few years, the field has gained invaluable insight into the role of 5hmC in gene regulation, neurogenesis, differentiation, and electrophysiological and circuit properties. Parallel to these advances has been the substantial gain of knowledge for the functional role of the enzymes that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC, the Ten-eleven translocation family of enzymes (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3; Tets), in neuronal processes. Various knockout, knockdown, and overexpression techniques have been used against Tets, implicating these enzymes in maintaining and establishing 5hmC patterns and modulating neuronal function. Here we summarize the current understanding of 5hmC and Tets in the developing and adult brain.
Steady Prandtl Boundary Layer Expansions Over a Rotating Disk

This paper concerns the validity of the Prandtl boundary layer theory for steady, incompressible Navier-Stokes flows over a rotating disk. We prove that the Navier-Stokes flows can be decomposed into Euler and Prandtl flows in the inviscid limit. In so doing, we develop a new set of function spaces and prove several embedding theorems which capture the interaction between the Prandtl scaling and the geometry of our domain.
The Letters of Pseudo-Dionysius

The following translation of the Letters of Pseudo Dionysius was made from the Migne text while the preceding study was in progress, before the existence of Professor Heil’s unpublished collation of mss. was known to me.1 Parker’s old English translation is impossible to obtain, contains numerous errors, is based on the Migne text but with references to the weakest manuscript tradition, the Frankish,2 lacks notes either to the Greek text or to critical scholarship,3 and attempts to support the authenticity of the Corpus Areopagiticum.4
On the dynamics and breakup of quadcopters using a discrete element method framework

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in particular quadcopters, have become extremely prevalent, driven by their low cost and ease of control. Unfortunately, privacy concerns related to the ubiquity of UAVs have prompted substantial citizen interest in the shooting down of UAVs that trespass onto their property, although the legality thereof is unclear. In this work, the dynamical response of a quadcopter to a series of randomly external impulses, which could be generated by objects launched toward the UAV, such shotgun pellets, etc., is formulated. A Discrete Element Method (DEM) is developed to describe the breakup of the quadcopter, in conjunction with a staggered implicit time-stepping scheme. The use of DEM allows for fragmentation of the quadcopter and also to compute the trajectories and distribution of the resulting debris field.
Role of Turbulence in Fermentations

This paper raises the need for a systematic evaluation of non-linear interaction between various turbulent-driven physical processes in fermentors. Various turbulent/mixing studies published in the literature are formalized based on a multidimensional framework. This formalization leads us to the limitations of many existing approaches and scale-up rules to mixing problems. The results on the effects of micromixing and fluid shear on yeast cells will be presented as an example to show the possibility of a non-linear interaction. A micro-environmental approach is proposed whereby the effects of multiple turbulent-driven physical processes in the micro-environments of cells can be evaluated.
Association between vision loss and higher medical care costs in Medicare beneficiaries costs are greater for those with progressive vision loss.

Purpose To identify the cost to the Medicare program for patients with either stable or progressive vision loss and to estimate the impact on eye-related and non–eye related care. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants The study population was Medicare beneficiaries included in the standard 5% analytic sample and continuously enrolled from 1999 to 2003, excluding Medicare managed-care enrollees. Methods Vision loss was categorized as moderate loss, severe loss, and blindness, based on International Classification of Diseases 9, Clinical Modification codes. Main Outcome Measures Average yearly cost of eye-related and non–eye related medical care during 1999 to 2003, in 2003 dollars. Secondary outcomes: (1) depression, (2) injury, (3) skilled nursing facility (SNF) utilization, and (4) long-term care facility (LTC) admission. Results Compared with patients with normal vision, excess adjusted mean eye-related costs were $345, $407, and $237 annually for those with moderate loss, severe loss, and blindness, respectively; annual excess non–eye related costs were $2193, $3301, and $4443, respectively. At each level of vision loss, those progressing from a presumably normal state at baseline incurred higher Medicare costs than those with that level of vision loss at baseline. Any degree of progressive vision loss was associated with an increased risk of depression, injury, SNF utilization, and LTC admission. Identifiable costs attributable to these complications explained 27% to 41% of the excess costs associated with vision loss. Conclusions Medicare beneficiaries with coded diagnoses of vision loss incur significantly higher costs than those with normal vision, and approximately 90% of these costs are non–eye related medical costs. Extrapolating to the entire Medicare population, blindness and vision loss are associated with $2.14 billion in 2003 non–eye related medical costs. Preventing vision loss is not only a medical imperative but also an economic one.
Sulfhydryl groups and food safety.

Sulfhydryl (thiol) compounds such as cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and reduced glutathione interact with disulfide bonds of plant protease inhibitors via. sulfhydryl-disulfide interchange and oxidation reactions. Such interactions with inhibitors from soy and lima beans facilitate their heat inactivation of inhibitors, resulting in beneficial nutritional effects. Since thiols are potent nucleophiles, they have a strong avidity for unsaturated electrophilic centers of several dietary toxicants, including cyclopropene fatty acids, aflatoxins, sesquiterpene lactones, and trichothecenes. Such interactions may be used in vitro to lower the toxic potential of our food supply, and in vivo for prophylactic and therapeutic effects against antinutrients and food toxicants. A number of examples are cited to illustrate the concept of applying site-specific nucleophilic reagents such as thiols to reduce antinutritional and toxic manifestations of food ingredients by modifying pharmacophoric and toxicophoric electrophilic sites. Several related interactions between sulfhydryl groups and toxic compounds are also briefly mentioned to illustrate the generality of this approach.
Online teaching and learning: essential conditions for success

INTRODUCTION Today the global education community is faced with a unique problem. Learners in every location must acquire new skills, be literate, and understand constantly changing dynamics. The challenge has always been to balance the need for intense and personal interaction to learn conceptual information with the reality of limited financial resources. Distance education has been viewed as a way in which to offer lifelong learning to those who are geographically separated from traditional institutions, have obligations that limit their ability to attend regular courses or have other exceptional challenges. Distance learning in various forms has been around for a long time. Traditional distance learning environments were based on correspondence through passive media (paper, audio and video broadcast). Now, developments in network and communication technologies have provided the ability to offer online courses to large numbers of individuals. With the changes in electronic communications, and the resulting transformed model of distance learning, individuals expect interactivity and close to “traditional” classroombased education. This shift means that distance education is now seen as a viable alternative for a myriad of “just in time” professional development and
Knowledge Surveys as an Assessment Tool of Simulation Course Outcomes

One challenge faced by instructors incorporating simulations and games into political science courses is how to assess learning outcomes from non-“traditional,” pedagogical methods. Positive or ant...
Thermally driven directional free-radical polymerization in confined channels

We report on the formation of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) with a relatively-narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) by means of thermally-driven directional free-radical polymerization carried out in polymerization chambers featuring two parallel glass walls separated by various distances, ranging from sub-millimeter to a few millimeters. Using this experimental setup, in conjunction with size exclusion chromatography and peak fitting of MWD profiles of the resulting PAAm, we decouple two simultaneous modes of AAm polymerization reaction mechanisms, i.e., thermal and monomer-initiated decompositions.
Eye Gaze Metrics and Analysis of AOI for Indexing Working Memory towards Predicting ADHD.

ADHD is being recognized as a diagnosis which persists into adulthood impacting economic, occupational, and educational outcomes. There is an increased need to accurately diagnose and recommend interventions for this population. One consideration is the development and implementation of reliable and valid outcome measures which reflect core diagnostic criteria. For example, adults with ADHD have reduced working memory capacity when compared to their peers (Michalek et al., 2014). A reduction in working memory capacity indicates attentional control deficits which align with many symptoms outlined on behavioral checklists used to diagnose ADHD. Using computational methods, such as eye tracking technology, to generate a relationship between ADHD and measures of working memory capacity would be useful to advancing our understanding and treatment of the diagnosis in adults. This chapter will outline a feasibility study in which eye tracking was used to measure eye gaze metrics during a working memory capacity task for adults with and without ADHD and machine learning algorithms were applied to generate a feature set unique to the ADHD diagnosis. The chapter will summarize the purpose, methods, results, and impact of this study.
Gendered expectations for female-driven films: risk and rescue narratives around Warner Bros.’ Wonder Woman

After Wonder Woman’s 2017 release, celebratory rhetoric about breaking the superhero glass ceiling abounded. The film’s reception parallels broader industry myths about female-drive films rooted in...
Diamagnetic behavior in random classical radiation

Calculations for diamagnetic behavior involving Faraday induction appear in classical electromagnetism textbooks. These calculations give the charged particle motions correctly but then inaccurately introduce the statement that diamagnetism is incompatible with classical thermodynamics, and that quantum theory is required for diamagnetic behavior. Actually, if classical radiative equilibrium in classical zero-point radiation holds before the application of a magnetic field, then it will hold afterwards and will preserve the diamagnetic behavior obtained by the application of Faraday's law. Here, we consider the classical diamagnetism of a charged particle in an isotropic harmonic potential which follows from the four famous spectra of random classical radiation. The zero-point radiation spectrum fully justifies the analysis appearing in the textbooks of classical electromagnetism and in the work of Langevin. The Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum gives no diamagnetic behavior, as is consistent with the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem. The Planck spectrum without zero-point radiation (surprisingly) gives no magnetic moment at low temperature and paramagnetic behavior at high temperature! Finally, the Planck spectrum with zero-point radiation gives diamagnetic behavior at low temperature and no magnetic moment at high temperature. This last result is in agreement with elementary quantum theory. Once again the Planck spectrum with zero-point radiation provides the best classical description.
Structure of the full SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome in infected cells

SUMMARY SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus with a single-stranded, positive-sense, 30-kilobase RNA genome responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines with proven efficacy, and development of these treatments are hampered by our limited understanding of the molecular and structural biology of the virus. Like many other RNA viruses, RNA structures in coronaviruses regulate gene expression and are crucial for viral replication. Although genome and transcriptome data were recently reported, there is to date little experimental data on predicted RNA structures in SARS-CoV-2 and most putative regulatory sequences are uncharacterized. Here we report the secondary structure of the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome in infected cells at single nucleotide resolution using dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq). Our results reveal previously undescribed structures within critical regulatory elements such as the genomic transcription-regulating sequences (TRSs). Contrary to previous studies, our in-cell data show that the structure of the frameshift element, which is a major drug target, is drastically different from prevailing in vitro models. The genomic structure detailed here lays the groundwork for coronavirus RNA biology and will guide the design of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-based therapeutics.
Over Worked and Under Paid: How Resident Finances Impact Perceived Stress, Career Choices, and Family Life.

Abstract Background The magnitude of student debt plaguing our nation is a major topic in political and academic spheres with median medical student debt of $200,000. This is compounded by poor financial health during training. This study evaluates how debt and financial wellness influence resident perceived stress, mental health, career plans, and relationships. Methods General surgery trainees at an academic institution were surveyed regarding financial parameters, perceived stress, and the impact of finances on their career and family life. A validated stress assessment instrument, the Perceived Stress Scale, was used to evaluate trainee stress. The median perceived stress score was compared for groups using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results Fifty-eight (61% response rate) residents responded to the survey. The median (range) student loan debt was $200,000-500,000 ($0-750,000) and savings was $5000-10,000 ($0-20,000+). 18 (31%) trainees had monthly credit card debt. Half of the respondents did not have enough liquid assets for an emergency fund, defined as 3 mo of living expenses. The median perceived stress score was 16 (1-30) or moderate stress. Perceived stress score was significantly associated with the trainee’s response to how finances impacted their future career choice, practice style, and relationships (P Discussion The trainee’s subjective perception of financial wellness, rather than objective financial parameters was associated with higher levels of perceived stress, the strain on relationships, and a greater impact on future practice styles. The majority of surgery residents did not have enough liquid assets for an emergency fund, independent of the level of debt, which emphasizes how financially leveraged residents are during training. Although burnout during surgical training is multifactorial, formal financial education incorporated into graduate medical education programs could increase financial literacy, help to mitigate financial risk, and ultimately decrease some of the perceived stress residents possess.
Abstract PO-041: Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals mitochondrial gene mutation as a driver for drug resistance in Ewing sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric bone cancer caused by a chromosomal translocation event that generates the pathognomonic fusion protein, EWS/FLI, which acts as aberrant transcription factor. EWS/FLI is responsible for activating and repressing important genes to drive oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis. EWS/FLI is notoriously difficult to target with small molecule inhibitors based on its lack of enzymatic activity and intrinsically disordered EWS domain, thus rational drug design is presently unfeasible. Other potential therapeutic targets are interacting partners of EWS/FLI, including epigenetic modulators, such as lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1). Inhibition of LSD1 by a reversible, non-competitive inhibitor, SP-2509, has been shown to cause extensive changes to gene expression and induce apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells. A Phase I clinical trial (NCT03600649) is currently ongoing to study the effect an SP-2509 analog, Seclidemstat (SP-2577), on patients with recurrent or refractory Ewing sarcoma tumors. Thus, understanding potential drug resistance mechanisms is vital to ensure maximal efficacy of Seclidemstat treatment for patients in the present, and in future clinical trials with this targeted therapeutic drug. Preliminary investigation using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out (GeCKo) screen has revealed that the loss of genes important to mitochondrial function, specifically in the electron transport chain (ETC), play a distinct role in SP-2509 drug-resistance in Ewing sarcoma cells. We validated the GeCKo screen using cell viability assays in an Ewing sarcoma cell line (A673) via knockout (KO) of mitochondrial genes that were identified by the GeCKo screen. Consistent with the screen, we found select mitochondrial genes led to an increase in IC50 values (i.e. drug-resistance) to SP-2509, compared to WT A673 cells. We found that drug resistance could be enhanced even greater by generating monoclonal cell populations containing complete mitochondrial gene KO. We performed RNA-sequencing and metabolomics analyses to examine SP-2509 response differences between WT and our generated drug resistance cell lines. We similarly determined that treating A673 cells with mitochondrial ETC inhibitors recapitulated drug resistance. Currently, the mechanism that links mitochondrial dysfunction in Ewing sarcoma cells and resistance to the epigenetic drug SP-2509 is incompletely understood. However, our ongoing studies aim to uncover this link and ultimately provide consequential information that will help patients overcome Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Jack P. Tokarsky, Jesse Crow, Lillian Guenther, Emily Theisen, Kimberly Stegmaier, Stephen Lessnick. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals mitochondrial gene mutation as a driver for drug resistance in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-041.
Patient and Resource Management of Emergency Walk-In Clinic During a COVID-19 Pandemic State Lockdown

Objective To gather data on the most common chief complaints, diagnoses, in-office procedures, and surgeries that presented to the Kresge Eye Institute's Emergency Clinic in Detroit, Michigan during the COVID-19 state lockdown period to provide data for staff and resource allocation in future waves. Design Retrospective study. Participants All patients 18 years or older presenting for ophthalmic consultation to the Kresge Eye Institute Emergency Walk-in Clinic between March 23rd and April 17th, 2020 were included in the study. Methods All patients who met the inclusion criteria were indexed based on their initial encounter date and patients were stratified by urgent and non-urgent ophthalmic reasons for evaluation. Patient demographics, medical history, chief complaint, diagnosis, and need for surgical intervention and procedures were obtained from the electronic medical records. Results The most common diagnoses were corneal disease (31.4%), followed by vitreoretinal disease (25.3%), orbit-eyelid pathology (8.8%), and glaucoma-related issues (8.8%). The most common office procedure was intravitreal injections (37.5%) followed by foreign body removal (21.9%), and pan-retinal photocoagulation laser (21.9%). Retina surgery was the most common emergency surgery representing 73.3% of the total, the second most common was keratoplasty (13%). Conclusion Future implementation of protocols for triaging based on chief complaints can aid in protecting patients and expanding the role of distanced assessment with telemedicine. Suggested management of an emergent clinic requires availability of retina and cornea specialists given the majority of visits, procedures, and surgeries were related to their area of expertise.
Protein Kinase D-Dependent Downregulation of Immediate Early Genes through Class IIA Histone Deacetylases in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in children and adolescents, and cure rates for relapsed/refractory ALL remain dismal, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. To identify genome-wide metabolic-stress regulated genes, we used RNA-Seq in ALL cells treated with AICAR, an AMPK activator. RNA-Seq identified the immediate early genes (IEGs) as a subset of genes downregulated by AICAR. We show that AICAR-induced IEGs downregulation was blocked by an adenosine uptake inhibitor indicating AICAR was responsible for IEGs reprogramming. Using pharmacological and genetic models we established this mechanism was AMPK-independent. Further investigations using kinase assays, PKD/PKC inhibitors and rescue experiments, demonstrated that AICAR directly inhibited PKD kinase activity and identified PKD as responsible for IEGs downregulation. Mechanistically, PKD inhibition suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear export of class IIa HDACs, which lowered histone H3 acetylation and decreased NFκB(p65) recruitment to IEGs promoters. Finally, PKD inhibition induced apoptosis via DUSP1/DUSP6 downregulation eliciting a DNA damage response. More importantly, ALL patient cells exhibited the same PKD-HDACs-IEGs-mediated mechanism. As proof of principle of the therapeutic potential of targeting PKD, we established the in vivo relevance of our findings using an NSG ALL mouse model. In conclusion, we identified a previously unreported PKD-dependent survival mechanism in response to AICAR-induced cellular stress in ALL through regulation of DUSPs and IEGs9 expression. Implications: PKD mediates early transcriptional responses in ALL cells as an adaptive survival mechanism to overcome cellular stress.
The Role of blood profiles in cattle health problems

Fifteen herds located on the major soil types in Pennsylvania were selected. Twenty-five of the cows in each herd were bloo sampled four times annually for two years. At the same time blood was taken from the cows, forage, grain and water samples were taken. Soil samples were collected from all of the forage-producing fields. Blood parameters are compared with findings of several others who have published on this subject.
Bacterial DNA screening to characterize surgical site infection risk in orthopaedic patients.

Abstract Purpose To provide an initial characterization of relevant bacterial DNA profiles for patients undergoing closed-fracture fixation or total joint arthroplasties. Patients and methods Swabs were collected and analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction from adult patients undergoing closed-fracture fixation or total shoulder, knee, or hip arthroplasties. Results Bacterial DNA profiles varied across the different orthopaedic patient populations, and produced uncharacteristic profile shifts with direct relevance to each clinical infection. Conclusion Findings provide a foundational dataset regarding bacterial colonization of relevant anatomic sites that can act as sources of surgical site infections for patients.
The structures of 1:1 and 1:2 adducts of phosphane­tricarbo­nitrile with 1,4-di­aza­bicyclo[2.2.2]octa­ne

In the structures of 1:1 and 1:2 adducts of phosphanetricarbo­nitrile (C3N3P) with 1,4-di­aza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane (C6H12N2), the 1:1 adduct crystallizes in the ortho­rhom­bic space group, Pbcm, with four formula units in the unit cell (Z′ = 0.5). The P(CN)3 unit lies on a crystallographic mirror plane while the C6H12N2 unit lies on a crystallographic twofold axis passing through one of the C—C bonds. The P(CN)3 moiety has close to C3v symmetry and is stabilized by forming adducts with two symmetry-related C6H12N2 units. The phospho­rus atom is in a five-coordinate environment. As a result of the symmetry, the two trans angles are equal so τ5 = 0.00 and thus the geometrical description could be considered to be square pyramidal. However, the electronic geometry is distorted octa­hedral with the lone pair on the phospho­rous occupying the sixth position. As would be expected from VSEPR considerations, the repulsion of the lone-pair electrons with the equatorial bonding electrons means that the trans angles for the latter are considerably reduced from 180° to 162.01 (4)°, so the best description of the overall geometry for phospho­rus is distorted square pyramidal. The 1:2 adduct crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/m with two formula units in the asymmetric unit (i.e. Z' = 1/2). The P(CN)3 moiety lies on a mirror plane and one of the two C6H12N2 (dabco) mol­ecules also lies on a mirror plane. The symmetry of the P(CN)3 unit is close to C3v. There are three P⋯N inter­actions and consequently the mol­ecular geometry of the phospho­rus atom is distorted octa­hedral. This must mean that the lone pair of electrons on the phospho­rus atom is not sterically active. For the 1:1 adduct, there are weak associations between the phospho­rus atom and one of the terminal nitro­gen atoms from the C≡ N moiety, forming chains in the a-axis direction. In addition there are weak C—H⋯N inter­actions between a terminal nitro­gen atoms from the C≡N moiety and the C6H12N2 mol­ecules, which form sheets perpendicular to the a axis.
Effects of discrete acoustic prestimuli on perceived intensity and behavioral responses to startling acoustic and tactile stimuli

Startle magnitude is reduced when a startling stimulus is preceded 30–500 msec by a weak prepulse. Although the neurobiology of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex has been studied across species, relatively little is known about the relationship between reduced PPI and information-processing abnormalities in specific neuropsychiatric disorders. In one conceptual model of PPI, the reduced responsivity to sensory events after a prepulse protects the information contained in the prepulse, so that it can be processed adequately. Thus deficient PPI might reflect reduced information-protective abilities and contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Nevertheless, there is little concrete evidence to support this conceptual model. In the present experiment, the relationship of PPI and perceived stimulus intensity was investigated, using both unimodal and cross-modal stimuli to elicit startle and PPI in nonpsychiatric human subjects. The subjects rated the intensity of a startle stimulus presented alone or 60 msec after the onset of an acoustic prepulse versus the intensity of an identical startle stimulus alone, presented 5 sec earlier or later. A negative relationship was observed between the amount of PPI produced by a range of weak-to-intense acoustic prepulses and the perceived intensity of either acoustic or tactile startle stimuli. These findings support an information-protective model for the impact of weak prestimuli on perceived startle stimulus intensity and suggest that deficient PPI in neuropsychiatric disorders may be accompanied by a reduced ability to automatically inhibit, or gate, sensory information.
Regulatory Aspects of Fumonisins with Respect to Animal Feed

The fumonisins are a recently discovered class of mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium (F.) moniliforme and F. proliferatum. Fumonisins present in mycotoxin-contaminated feed have been identified as the causative agent of equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. To prevent these diseases, FDA has utilized informal guidance levels for fumonisins in feed and initiated a surveillance program for fumonisins in feed corn and corn by-products during FY 93 and 94. Natural contaminants present in animal feed can enter the human food supply as residues present in animal tissues and other animal derived products. Although fumonisin guidance levels were originally set based on animal safety, FDA also ensures the human food safety of animal products from animals fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed. Recent pharmacokinetic studies in food-producing animals as well as statutory requirements for regulating natural toxins will be discussed in light of FDA’s human food safety mandate.
A Study of Some Personality Traits of Different Physical Activity Groups

(1951). A Study of Some Personality Traits of Different Physical Activity Groups. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 312-323.
Acute Aerobic Exercise Effects on Event-related Brain Potentials

The study of acute exercise effects on neurocognitive function has grown in interest over recent decades, largely due to an increasing focus on the relationship between health behaviours and brain and cognition. For example, recent evidence suggests that aerobic fitness is related to better academic performance on standardized tests in gradeschoolchildren(Castellietal., 2007).Otherresearchhas indicatedthatadultsare able to better engage and classify information in their stimulus environment and process this information more quickly following acute aerobic exercise (Hillman, Snook and Jerome, 2003). Such findings have generated interest in the amount, intensity and duration of exercise necessary to improve cognitive function, with the hope of determining a practical application for improvements in cognitive performance. Examination of the neuroelectric system has also become increasingly popular in the investigation of acute exercise effects on cognition because the various measures provide a more sensitive means of determining which underlying processes are affected by acute exercise, beyond that of overt action. That is, the temporal sensitivity of neuroelectric measurement allows for the investigation into a sub-set of processes that occur between stimulus encoding and response production. As such, these measures enable researchers to more precisely gauge the effects of acute exercise on cognition relative to task performance measures. Accordingly, this approach allows for an increased understanding of the means by which acute exercise improves cognitive health and effective function. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a small body of research focused on the effects of acute, aerobic exercise on an aspect of the neuroelectric system, known as event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The scope will be further limited
Gene Expression During the Development of Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage φ29 II. Resolution of Viral-Specific Ribonucleic Acid Molecules

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) specified by bacteriophage φ29 was isolated under conditions which minimized physical and enzymatic degradation, reduced aggregation, and enriched for completed molecules. This RNA was fractionated both by sedimentation through sucrose density gradients and electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gels to measure the size and relative amount of each component. Early RNA consisted of six components of molecular weight 0.75 × 10 6 , 0.44 × 10 6 , 0.37 × 10 6 , 0.25 × 10 6 , 0.09 × 10 6 , and 0.04 × 10 6 , accounting for 35% of the coding capacity of φ29 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). All of these components except the one at 0.44 × 10 6 were detected when infection occurred in the presence of chloramphenicol. Synthesis of the major early component (0.75 × 10 6 ) ceased shortly after the onset of viral DNA synthesis. The other species of early RNA were synthesized throughout the latent period. Three additional components, 1.75 × 10 6 , 0.93 × 10 6 , and 0.07 × 10 6 , appear at late times. The two large RNAs may be polycistronic messenger RNAs corresponding to the seven viral capsid proteins.
Mesoscopic simulation for self-organization in surface processes

The self-organization of particles in a system through a diffusive mechanism is known as Ostwald ripening. This phenomenon is an example of a multiscale problem in that the microscopic level interaction of the particles can greatly impact the macroscale or observable morphology of the system. The mesoscopic model of this physical situation is a stochastic partial differential equation which can be derived from the appropriate particle system. This model is studied through the use of recently developed and benchmarked spectral schemes for the simulation of solutions to stochastic partial differential equations. The results included here demonstrate the effect of adjusting the interparticle interaction on the morphological evolution of the system at the macroscopic level.
Iterative increase of economic tree species in managed swidden-fallows of the Amazon.

Fallow utilization schemes are becoming increasingly popular in agroforestry designs. However little attention has been given to the fate of valuable fallow plants after the end of the initial fallow cycle, and over successive fallow cycles on a regional or inter-fallow level. Evidence is presented here for the spontaneous long-term community enrichment of an area with valuable plants in a cyclic or iterative fashion, in the context of an existing fallow utilization scheme in the Amazon. Review of the ecological processes which operate at microsite, field and community levels indicate that:
On colloidal particle sorption onto a stagnant air–water interface

Abstract This paper reviews reported experimental investigations of colloidal particle sorption onto a stagnant air–water interface and presents the results of some new work performed by the authors. A general consensus has emerged, based on the reported data, that particle sorption onto the interface is irreversible. Such irreversibility has been attributed to a capillary trapping caused by a net negative change in the interfacial energies, associated with transferring a fully immersed particle to the interface. The colloidal particle sorption onto an air–water interface depends on the energy barriers between sorbing particles and the interface and between particles in the bulk solution. The heights of these energy barriers, and the separation distances at which they occur, have been determined, based on the DLVO theory, after incorporating the effects of the solvation zone around particles and of the air–water interfacial region in calculating the van der Waals interaction energies.
Radiative decay of intermediate boson

Abstract The W particle is a hypothetical charged vector meson playing a role in weak interactions. The radiative decay, W − → l − + ν + γ , of this particle is treated here in second order perturbation theory. The total decay rate contains an infrared divergence which is cut off roughly at a photon energy of 10 Mev. Differential and total rates are calculated and the total rate is compared with that of the nonradiative decay, W − → l − + ν . It is found that the ratio of radiative to nonradiative decay is quite insensitive to the magnetic moment parameter of the W meson, but increases substantially with increasing W mass For a W mass of 1000 Mev, the branching ratio is about 10−1 if l− is e− or 10−2 if l− is μ−. It is suggested that the magnetic moment parameter may affect some aspects of the angular distribution. It is noted that if the gyromagnetic ratio of the W is exactly 2, then the ν and γ cannot come off in the same direction.