cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do emergency physicians use serum D-dimer effectively to determine the need for CT when evaluating patients for pulmonary embolism? Review of 5,344 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether d-dimer screening is being used effectively to determine the need for MDCT in diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in emergency department patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent d-dimer testing or MDCT in the emergency department from January 1, 2003, through October 31, 2005. A d-dimer value of > 0.43 μg/mL was considered positive. Diagnosis of PE was made on the basis of the MDCT. Clinical algorithms for diagnosing PE mandate that patients with a low clinical suspicion for PE undergo d-dimer testing, then MDCT if positive. For patients with a high clinical suspicion for PE, MDCT should be performed without d-dimer testing.RESULTS. Of 3,716 d-dimer tests, 1,431 (39%) were positive and 2,285 (61%) were negative. MDCT was performed in 166 (7%) patients with negative d-dimer results and in 826 (58%) patients with positive d-dimer results. The prevalence of PE in patients with a high ...
Dynamically Generating a Protein Entity Dictionary Using Online Resources

With the overwhelming amount of biological knowledge stored in free text, natural language processing (NLP) has received much attention recently to make the task of managing information recorded in free text more feasible. One requirement for most NLP systems is the ability to accurately recognize biological entity terms in free text and the ability to map these terms to corresponding records in databases. Such task is called biological named entity tagging. In this paper, we present a system that automatically constructs a protein entity dictionary, which contains gene or protein names associated with UniProt identifiers using online resources. The system can run periodically to always keep up-to-date with these online resources. Using online resources that were available on Dec. 25, 2004, we obtained 4,046,733 terms for 1,640,082 entities. The dictionary can be accessed from the following website: http://biocreative.ifsm.umbc.edu/biothesaurus/.
Vision Spontaneously Establishes the Percept of Pictorial Balance

The present experiment sought empirical evidence that pictorial balance can be detected spontaneously with the first glance at a painting. Stimuli consisted of color and black-and-white reproductions or adaptations of structurally balanced paintings and one or more reconstructed less balanced versions of each work of art. Art-trained and untrained subjects rated the compositions for balance on a 6-point Likert scale after presentation durations which permitted either a single fixation (100 ms) or multiple fixations (5 s). The results show that both naive and sophisticated participants discriminated the less balanced from the more balanced versions of the black-and-white paintings with a single glance at each. They were also able to discern differences in balance among the color stimuli in the single fixation condition, but not the subtle differences in balance between the two versions of each painting. Subjects' assessment of a composition's balance based on stimulus information encoded with one fixation ...
EXTERNAL SUPERSONIC FLOW AND SCRAMJET INLET CONTROL BY MHD WITH ELECTRON BEAM IONIZATION

The paper examines the possibility of controlling scramjet inlets in off-design conditions by operating a near-surface MHD system upstream of the inlet. The required electrical conductivity in air is supposed to be created by electron beams injected into the air from the vehicle along magnetic field lines. A simple model of beam-generated ionization profile is developed and coupled with plasma kinetics, MHD equations, and 2D inviscid flow equations. Calculations show that an MHD system with reasonable parameters could bring shocks back to the cowl lip when flying at Mach numbers higher than those for which the inlet was optimized. The MHD effect is not reduced to heating only, as the work by jB × G G forces is a substantial part of the overall effect. Power requirements for ionizing e-beams could be lower than the electrical power extracted with MHD, so that a net power would be generated on board. Problems associated with high Hall fields are discussed.
Fast support vector machine training and classification on graphics processors

Recent developments in programmable, highly parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have enabled high performance implementations of machine learning algorithms. We describe a solver for Support Vector Machine training running on a GPU, using the Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithm and an adaptive first and second order working set selection heuristic, which achieves speedups of 9-35x over LIBSVM running on a traditional processor. We also present a GPU-based system for SVM classification which achieves speedups of 81-138x over LIBSVM (5-24x over our own CPU based SVM classifier).
Growth of newly established alien populations: comparison of North American gypsy moth colonies with invasion theory

A common characteristic observed in many biological invasions is the existence of a lag between the time of arrival by the alien population and the time when established populations are noticed. Consider- able advances have been made in modeling the expansion of invading species, and there is often remarkable congruence between the behavior of these models with spread of actual populations. While these models have been used to characterize expansion of very newly founded colonies, there have been few at- tempts to compare the behavior predicted from theory with spread in actual newly founded populations, lar- gely due to the difficulty of sampling sparse popula- tions. Models predict that time lags in the radial expansion of newly invaded populations may be due to time requirements for the population to grow from founding to detectable levels. Models also indicate that these time lags can be predicted based upon population parameters such as the intrinsic rate of population growth and diffusion coefficient. In this paper, we compared the behavior of these models with historical data on gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, establishment and spread to show similarities between model pre- dictions and observed population spread, both of which exhibited temporal lags of expansion. However, actual populations exhibited certain behaviors that were not predicted, and this could be due, in part, to the exis- tence of Allee effects and stochasticity. Further work that incorporates these effects is needed to more fully understand the growth of incipient colonies of invading species. Ultimately, this information can be of critical importance in the selection of effective strategies for their detection and eradication.
Correlates of opioid use in adults with self-reported drug use recruited from public safety-net primary care clinics

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics of drug-using safety-net primary care patients who used or did not use opioids, and to examine treatment implications of our findings. METHODS: The sample consisted of 868 adults who reported illicit drug use in the 90 days before study enrollment, 396 (45.6%) of whom were opioid users. RESULTS: Multiple measures indicated that, as a group, opioid users were less physically and psychiatrically healthy than drug users who did not endorse using opioids, and were heavy users of medical services (eg, emergency departments, inpatient hospitals, and outpatient medical) at considerable public expense. After adjusting for age, they were 2.61 (confidence interval, 1.48-4.61) times more likely to die in the 1 to 5 years after study enrollment and more likely to die from accidental poisoning than nonopioid users. Subgroup analyses suggested patients using any nonprescribed opioids had more serious drug problems including more intravenous drug use and greater HIV risk than patients using opioids only as prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Use of opioids adds a dimension of severity over and above illicit drug use as it presents in the primary care setting. Opioid users may benefit from psychiatric and addiction care integrated into their primary care setting, naloxone overdose prevention kits, and prevention efforts such as clean needle exchanges. Addiction or primary care providers are in a key position to facilitate change among such patients, especially the third or more opioid users having a goal of abstinence from drugs. Language: en
Translating Asian Bioethics into developing global Biocultures Translational Challenges In Bioethics

From introduction: Health Care Ethics and Bioethics are not just European phenomena, and they definitely are not identical with the so called Georgetown Mantra (autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, social justice) nor have they been ‘invented’ in the USA in the last century. The concept and practice of ethics as a respectful and caring attitude towards bios is a phenomenon in all existing cultures and can be found in all known traditions and actually has deeper roots in 2500+ Vedanta and Buddhist traditions in India and Confucian and Taoist traditions in China. The Chandoya Upanishads first use the slogan ‘tat tvam asi’, i.e. this (the absolute, he reality, the other, God, Brahman) is also you (i.e. the Self, Atman, the constituent irrepressible reality). In the words of Confucius, such respectful attitude towards bios is culturally different, ‘in harmony but not identical’, it is ‘in harmony as well as diversified’ (he er bu tong). This interrelated and interactive understanding of integrated but different bios in all forms and shapes is echoed by the Bhagavad Gita, ‘If thus the Lord, the Self, is the essence from which the universe has emerged out as every item of its names and forms, there must be the Self inherent and ever present ..The property by which a thing is a thing and without it cannot be what it is called is its Dharma. Thus, the essential quality of sugar because of which it is sugar, without which it is not sugar, is its sweetness. Therefore, sweetness is the Dharma of sugar; in the same way heat is the Dharma of fire; light is the Dharma of sun. The Dharma of man is his essential inherent divinity, the Self in him’. In the developing culture of global communication, conflict, and cooperation, the specific ‘diversified’ attitudes and understandings of respecting and caring for bios in all its forms we need to translate these and other bioethical traditions, concepts and practices from one cultural biotope to the other one, all of which are moving towards new forms of conflict and/or cooperation in the developing 21th century. Actually, diversity in the universe of bios and also in human visions and acts, can be seen as natural richness, rather than a deficiency, as expressed in the Hellenistic concept of the ‘logos spematikos’.
Optimization of Spatiotemporal Clustering for Target Tracking From Multisensor Data

This study focuses on the information extraction from reported sensor data in the communication system of wide-area-search munitions (WASMs). Such sensor data could be erroneous and inconsistent. For example, two WASMs might detect the same target, but associate it with two different targets and tracks. Similarly, two WASMs might detect two distinct targets, but recognize them as the same target. The research challenge is how to fuse both accurate and inaccurate information broadcasted from WASMs, and reconstruct the battle space for accurate target tracking. For each of the detected target points, WASMs provide its location information, detection time, and directional velocity. We, herein, propose a target clustering approach to group target points detected by WASMs and identify the track of individual targets. Our approach differs from traditional clustering techniques as it performs clustering using the time and orientation information, in addition to the distance in the Euclidean space. Our approach employs a network modeling technique to reconstruct all target points and their feasible movement, and a new optimization technique to find the most probable target tracks. Our approach can also determine the optimal number of clusters (targets) automatically from the input data. In this study, distributed interactive simulation, a real-time simulation of a network's information exchange, is used to generate battle space test instances that are used in evaluating the proposed framework. Based on seven realistically simulated instances, the computational results show that our approach provides extremely accurate target-tracking results in a timely fashion. We also compare our results with those obtained using the k-means clustering technique. On average, our approach reconstructs the real target tracks with about 95% accuracy in less than 10 s, while the k-means clustering results yields about 80% accuracy in a similar computational time.
Coherent Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Proteins: Femtosecond Analogues of Multidimensional NMR

The response of complex biomolecules to sequences of ultrafast optical pulses provides multidimensional snapshots of their structure and electronic and vibrational dynamics. Twodimensional correlation plots of the signals show characteristic cross-peak patterns which carry information about structures, equilibrium binding fluctuations and relaxation processes. The lineshapes provide information on conformational and solvent induced fluctuations. The fundamental concepts underlying the design and interpretation of these coherent nonlinear experiments will be surveyed. New pulse sequences may be constructed for probing specific coherences, building upon the analogy with multidimensional NMR. Computational techniques for simulating the necessary multipoint response functions will be presented. Applications will be made to ideal secondary structural motifs of peptides, protein folding dynamics, Amyloid fibrils and hydrogen bonding. Resolution may be enhanced by applying novel polarization configurations of the optical fields which also provide chirality-specific information. The use of pulse shaping coherent control strategies and sensitivity analysis to simplify complex spectra and retrieve and enhance desired features will be demonstrated. Future extensions to the attosecond regime using x ray pulses will be discussed.
Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Life Processes of the Bean Weevil, Bruchus Obtectus Say

In recent years a great deal of attention has been paid to the effect of temperature and moisture on the life history of insects. Uvarov (8), [2][1] in 1931, summarizes the literature on insects and climate. Chapman (2) discusses the ecological effects of temperature and moisture, and also reviews some of the recent literature on these important factors. More recently, Buxton (1) discusses and reviews the literature on the effect of atmospheric moisture on insects. [1]: #fn-2
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Pediatric Migraine

The long-term effectiveness and outcome of multidisciplinary treatment of childhood headaches were evaluated at 1, 2, and 5 years at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, OH.
Enhanced Rehabilitation and Care Models for Adults With Dementia Following Hip Fracture Surgery.

Hip Fractures are a common injury in elderly people, usually caused by a fall. Hip fractures are more common in people with dementia, and rehabilitation may be complicated by additional problems such as increased confusion,
Direct imaging of iso-frequency contours in photonic crystal slabs

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a method for directly imaging iso-frequency contours in photonic crystal slabs using resonance-enhanced scattering from fabrication disorder. The results agree quantitatively with numerical simulations and provide information on fabrication errors.
Isolation performance of a non-uniform capacitively loaded mushroom-type EBG structure

An equivalent transmission line approach is presented to quantify the wider band gap properties of non-uniform capacitively loaded mashroom-type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) devices. The approach is based on the observation that the band gap properties of the EBG device within a parallel plate waveguide directly correspond to the attenuation factor of an equivalent homogeneous material slab. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a non-uniform capacitively N-loaded mushroom-type EBG can be decomposed into N equivalent attenuation factors. When the non-zero values of these attenuation factors spectrally overlap, then a cumulative broadband attenuation effect takes place that essentially explains the wide bandgap properties of such devices.
Osmanisches Ägypten – eine Einführung

Der Schlussel zum Verstandnis vieler moderner Phanomene im Nordosten von Afrika liegt in einer historischen Betrachtung von Agypten, seit jeher das Herzland der Region. Es ist nicht zu hoch gegriffen, wenn man dem franzosischen Militarabenteuer unter dem nachmaligen Kaiser Napoleon die Zeitenwende des gesamten osmanischen Afrika zur Moderne zuschreibt. In den Turbulenzen nach dem Abzug der Franzosen schwang sich der Soldnerfuhrer Mehmed Ali zum faktisch souveranen ‘Vizekonig’ auf. Dieser modernisierte das osmanische Agypten nicht nur grundlegend, sondern unterwarf ab 1820 auch die oberen Nillander der doppelten Herrschaft des Sultans in Konstantinopel und seiner eigenen Dynastie. Die Modernisierung von Staat und Wirtschaft stutzte sich nicht zuletzt auf eine damals uberraschend kosmopolitische Bevolkerung mit zahlreichen ansassigen Europaern, blieb aber vielfaltig alten Strukturen verhaftet wie etwa der Sklaverei.
Abstract 1677: Annexin A2 antibody inhibits the progression of triple-negative and herceptin-resistant breast cancer by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor functions

Short Description: Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is abundantly present at the surface of triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells. Interactions between cell-surface AnxA2 and tyrosine kinase receptors have an important role in the tumour microenvironment and act together to enhance tumour growth. The mechanism supporting this role is still unknown. Methods: Triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) and Herceptin-resistant (JIMT-1) breast cancer cell lines were grown in complete DMEM and DMEM/F12 medium respectively, in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO 2 . The membrane function of AnxA2 was blocked by incubating cells with anti-AnxA2 antibodies. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, 1-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), flow cytometry, Clonogenic, and wound-healing assays were performed in this study Results: We demonstrate that in triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells a large amount of AnxA2 is specifically translocated to the outer membrane domain. In addition, AnxA2 interacts with extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the cell surface and has an important role in cancer cell proliferation and migration by modulating EGFR functions. Blocking AnxA2 function at the cell surface by anti-AnxA2 antibody suppressed the EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and internalization by blocking its homodimerization. Furthermore, addition of AnxA2 antibody significantly inhibited the EGFR-dependent PI3K-AKT and Raf-MEK-ERK downstream pathways under both EGF-induced and basal growth conditions, resulting in lower cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: These studies indicate that association of AnxA2 with EGFR in the membrane domain might play a positive regulatory role in keeping EGFR signaling events in an activated state in triple negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer thus making AnxA2 an important therapeutic target. Citation Format: Pankaj Chaudhary, Lee Daniel Gibbs, Jamboor K. Vishwanatha. Annexin A2 antibody inhibits the progression of triple-negative and herceptin-resistant breast cancer by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor functions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1677. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1677
An exploration of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender pride festival sponsors

ABSTRACTPride festivals, events defined as a parade, march, rally, or festival organized for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community, continue to rely on sponsorships for festival operations. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the current makeup of pride festival sponsors in the United States and Canada. A content analysis of 780 of 30 U.S. and Canadian pride festival sponsors found that all 30 pride festivals utilized sponsors. Findings indicate that a majority of the sponsors that came from states outside of the pride festival state were private corporate sponsors, and came from industries such as services, health, media, and beverages. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
A Formulation for Dynamical Decision-Making in an Integrated Manufacturing Environment 1

Abstract This paper presents a powerful but simple dynamic decision-making model for an integrated manufacturing enterprise. Analysis is carried out by two steps: the modeling phase, which involves dynamical description of the enterprise, and the decision-making strategy phase. A theoretical hybrid model of a small integrated manufacturing enterprise is used as an example. Two units from this model, Marketing and Production, are selected to illustrate the methodology. Dynamical equations are developed for two interacting components of these units, the Production-Delivery and the Advertising subsystems from the Operations and the Marketing units respectively. Feasible control strategies are then designed. The decision-making control algorithm is simulated to illustrate its performance. Inferences are drawn based on the derived equations and the computer simulation results.
Ceres and the terrestrial planets impact cratering record

Abstract Dwarf planet Ceres, the largest object in the Main Asteroid Belt, has a surface that exhibits a range of crater densities for a crater diameter range of 5–300 km. In all areas the shape of the craters’ size-frequency distribution is very similar to those of the most ancient heavily cratered surfaces on the terrestrial planets. The most heavily cratered terrain on Ceres covers ∼15% of its surface and has a crater density similar to the highest crater density on
Activation of enriched environmental xenon by 14-MeV neutrons

The international monitoring system exists to verify compliance with the terms of the comprehensive test ban treaty. About 10% of the member stations will be capable of detecting radioxenon, which can be produced in nuclear detonations or through civilian processes. We have studied the activation of radioxenon by the prompt, intense spectrum of 14-MeV neutrons produced at the National Ignition Facility. While 14-MeV neutrons are not currently a significant contributor to the production of radioxenon, we find that radioxenon produced through activation of environmental xenon by 14-MeV neutrons would be distinguishable from activation by nuclear tests.
Financial Fragility and Interbank Structure

This paper follows Allen and Gale (2000) to model financial contagion as an equilibrium phenomenon. I assume a two-country economy where banks in each country hold interregional claims on other banks to provide insurance against liquidity preference shocks. The results completely replicate Allen-Gale model. To further test the relative robustness of different market structures I test the implication of moral hazard as in Brusco and Castiglionesi (2007). I find that under certain situation, complete and incomplete structures are equally fragile.
Pancreatic Plasticity and Reprogramming: Novel Directions Towards Disease Therapy

Generating new β-cells de novo, or regenerating them in vivo, as a cellular therapy, is becoming more tenable as a realistic goal for treatment of the devastating disease of diabetes. One suitable approach towards generating β-cells is to use ­combinations of instructive and permissive cues to induce the transdifferentiation of terminally differentiated cell types into functional β-cells, which is called ­reprogramming. Interesting cellular transformations reported recently during development and regeneration suggest that a wide variety of differentiated cell types in the human body may be amenable to such reprogramming. In this chapter, we highlight findings and potential approaches using cell types that are developmentally related to β-cells, and the known molecular players that may be used to control β-cell-directed transdifferentiation. Further investigation with genetic model systems, coupled with the translation to clinically sound reprogramming methods, could lead to efficient reprogramming of specific cell types, with a massive impact on human health.
Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of adult rat cardiomyocytes is blocked by nitric oxide

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that bradykinin-stimulated release of nitric oxide (NO) and/or prostacyclin from endothelium blocks myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Angiotensin...
Mathematical problems in electron beam lithography

Electron beam lithography is a basic step in making chips. On January 27, 1989 P. Dean Gerber from IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center (Yorktown Heights) explained the lithography steps and some of the mathematical issues which arise because of scattering effects. We describe these steps here and emphasize the mathematical questions.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Ethics Consultations on a Comprehensive Cancer Center’s Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Service

The goal of this paper is to review and describe the characteristics and outcomes of ethics consultations on a gastrointestinal oncology service and to identify areas for systems improvement and staff education. This is a retrospective case series derived from a prospectively-maintained database (which includes categorization of the primary issues, contextual ethical issues, and other case characteristics) of the ethics consultation service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. The study analyzed all ethics consultations requested for patients on the gastrointestinal medical oncology service from September 2007 to January 2016. A total of 64 patients were identified. The most common primary ethical issue was the DNR order (39%), followed by medical futility (28%). The most common contextual issues were dispute/conflict between staff and family (48%), dispute/conflict intra-family (16%), and cultural/ethnic/religious issues (16%). The majority of ethical issues leading to consultation were resolved (84%); i.e., the patient, surrogate, and/or healthcare team followed the recommendation of the ethics consultant. 22% had a DNR order prior to the ethics consult and 69% had a DNR order after the consult. In this population of patients on a gastrointestinal oncology service, ethics consultations are most often called regarding patients with advanced cancers and the most common ethical conflicts arose between families and the health care team over goals of care at the end of life, specifically related to the DNR order and perceived futility of continued/escalation of treatment. Ethics consultations assisted with conflict resolution. Conflicts might be reduced with improved communication about prognosis and earlier end of life care planning.
Endocrine Health and Healthy Aging

Aging is a heterogeneous process influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, epigenetics, environmental exposure, and lifestyle. It is associated with numerous subtle, progressive, and predictable changes that affect the endocrine system, leading to an increased susceptibility to numerous diseases. These include disorders of glucose metabolism, thyroid and parathyroid axis, sex hormone levels, and growth hormone levels. Optimization of physiological function throughout the life span is an effective strategy to increase health span. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies related to endocrine function can delay and modify the impact of endocrine-related chronic diseases and promote healthy aging.
Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma in a patient with undiagnosed Wilson disease.

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy. Although the frequency of malignancy is generally increased in chronic liver disease, CC rarely presents in Wilson disease (WD). The incidence of hepatic malignancy in WD is only 1.2%, with CC accounting for 0.5%. A 66 year old male with history of hypertension, diabetes, and compensated cryptogenic cirrhosis presented with acute onset dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. He was incidentally found to have a sizeable mass in the right hepatic lobe. Ultimately, a liver biopsy revealed dense demoplasia and increased mucin production, consistent with diagnosis of CC. Biopsy also demonstrated increased copper deposition consistent with WD, explaining the patient's underlying cirrhosis. Unlike other forms of chronic liver disease where incidence of liver cancer is increased, the lower rate of malignancy seen in WD may be explained by a protective effect of copper in WD. Copper acts to both directly stabilize DNA and inhibit angiogenesis. In this case, it is possible that the degree of copper deposition in his liver was mild, causing cirrhosis and the chronic liver inflammation that caused his CC. However, it may not have been sufficient to “protect” against development of CC.
PATH ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION AND DISEASE BURDEN IN DEMENTIA VULNERABILITY

When considering the various extrinsic variables that may affect disease vulnerability, it is valuable to study temporal ordering of factors to identify areas for disease intervention efforts. This study sought to inform improvement of networks for the purposes of education and health by attempting to better define the causal ordering of ethnicity, age, gender, education, disease burden, and dementia diagnosis with the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, a sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants and/or proxies self-reported total number of chronic conditions, subsequently regarded as disease burden. Assessments occurred over four waves; participants were not reassessed after dementia diagnosis. The current study categorized participants as demented (n=414), identified in any wave, or normal (n=117), identified in the final wave. Cognitively-impaired-not-demented and deceased participants were not considered due to lack of diagnosis. Cross-sectional weighting was used. A path model was developed; ethnicity, age, and gender were antecedent to education, and education was casually ordered before disease burden, which was antecedent to dementia diagnosis. A series of logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results revealed that being non-white (Σβ=0.643, all p’s<.001), of older age (Σβ=0.250, all p’s<.001), female (Σβ=0.180, all p’s<.001), and having increased disease burden (Σβ=0.118, p<.001) all demonstrated a positive total effect on dementia diagnosis. Conversely, more years of education (Σβ=-0.245, p<.001) had a negative total effect on diagnosis. The education to disease burden pathway was non-significant. Ultimately, these results may indicate a need for dementia interventions that target those with low education or high disease burden.
Pool evaporation under low Grashof number downward convection

Abstract We investigate the free evaporation of water into air from a small-scale ( ≈ 0.1 m) circular pool for low Grashof ( G r ) number values under dominant downward flow motion. Repeatable experiments performed at atmospheric pressure for air temperatures at 290 K, 300 K and 310 K and relative humidity values ranging from 30% to 60%, are described and compared to detailed Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical simulations. For the free evaporation regimes considered here, a downward thermally-induced flow originated at the rim of the pool overcomes the concentration-induced buoyancy, consequently forcing the far-stream warm dry air to descend into the lower temperature air-water interface. Experimental results show that a steady-state recirculation zone near the air-water interface develops for G r numbers greater than or equal to 50. The Sherwood number (Sh) for this geometry appropriately scales with G r 1 / 4 for drier free-stream boundary conditions, while it approaches a constant value for smaller mass transfer potentials (i.e., more humid environments). A stable Sherwood number ( S h correlation as a function of G r values is proposed, covering G r values from 10 to 10 5 .
Teaching Advertising Media Planning in a Changing Media Landscape

In-depth interviews and a national survey of media planning educators were conducted to examine how the advertising media planning course is taught in today's dynamic media landscape. While the maj...
Promises to Keep: Diplomatic Assurances Against Torture in US Terrorism Transfers

"Diplomatic assurances" are promises not to torture. The US and other traditionally rights-respecting governments have sought these assurances when sending detainees, usually terrorism suspects, to foreign authorities known for torture. This report, the culmination of several years of research by the Human Rights Institute, presents the evolving evidence and jurisprudence of assurances. Without taking a position on whether assurances can work, it describes elements that are necessary to make assurances plausible: judicial review, public scrutiny, and systematic monitoring.
Spiritually or politically driven behavior: differences in the workplace

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between workplace spirituality and office politics on basis of the fact that outwardly, these phenomena can look confusingly alike.Design/methodology/approach – This study was conducted in a single question format, and treated as a short case study, with 40 participants, who all responded in writing during a workshop.Findings – The study brought forth the insight that, while workplace spirituality and office politics may initially look alike, they derive from entirely different origins, utilize different strategies, and lead to different outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The participants in this study were all based in Los Angeles, and well aware of the definitions of the two phenomena. The study might deliver more or different results in other environments.Practical implications – The action methods used in either of the two phenomena should provide management proper insight into the one that is predominantly dealt with in the...
Improved electrospray design for aerosol generation and flame propagation analysis

Abstract Although the hazards of aerosol fires and explosions have been studied for decades the data for aerosol flame propagation is still scarce. Additionally there is a lack of standard techniques and measurement apparatus, which impedes the development of optimal aerosol hazard mitigation measures. The focus of this study is development of an improved aerosol electrospray device for the generation of high quality aerosol data. The goal is achieved through higher nozzle packing, precise nozzle and mesh hole alignment and adding two ground meshes. In addition to a flat ground mesh, the utilization of a cylindrical ground mesh demonstrated improved confinement and guidance of droplets. Duratherm 600, heat transfer fluid, was examined to demonstrate the modified electrospray device capabilities as compared to previous design. Results show the modified electrospray can produce more uniform droplets, more even test chamber dispersion, smaller droplet size and higher concentration aerosol, which is essential to study aerosol flame propagation. Accordingly, the results of aerosol flame speed tests for the improved design were more reproducible. Moreover, it was found that a traditional propane pilot flame was unable to ignite the smaller aerosol droplet size due to the strong turbulence generated by the open flame. However, by careful modification of the pilot flame length, the turbulence decreased dramatically and the small droplet size aerosol can be tested.
Predictors of postprandial triacylglycerol response in children: the Columbia University Biomarkers Study.

BACKGROUND Predictors of postprandial lipemia have not been explored in children. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether the postprandial triacylglycerol response is associated with low HDL-cholesterol and high fasting triacylglycerol concentrations and family history of early-onset ischemic heart disease (IHD) in children. DESIGN We administered a standardized fat load (52.5 g fat/m(2)) to 60 children (mean age: 14.0 y), 20 with and 40 without a family history of early-onset IHD, and to 29 mothers, all recruited from families enrolled in the Columbia University Biomarkers Study. Plasma lipid and retinyl palmitate concentrations were measured in the fasting state and 3, 6, and 8 h after the oral fat load. RESULTS In children, postprandial lipemia, as indicated by the incremental area under the triacylglycerol response curve, was associated with elevated fasting triacylglycerol concentrations (>/=1.13 mmol/L; P: < 0.01), with low fasting HDL-cholesterol concentrations (</=0.91 mmol/L; P: < 0.01), and with the combination of low HDL-cholesterol and high triacylglycerol concentrations (P: < 0.05). Family history of IHD, baseline LDL-cholesterol concentration, and apolipoprotein E genotype were not associated with the postprandial triacylglycerol or retinyl palmitate response. The mothers had fasting triacylglycerol concentrations similar to those of their children but a more prolonged response with higher triacylglycerol concentrations at 6 and 8 h (P: < 0.01 and P: < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In children, a delayed postprandial triacylglycerol response to a fat load is associated with the combination of high fasting triacylglycerol and low HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Predictors of postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations may be similar in children and adults.
Lectures on the Theory of Vortex-Sound

The theory of vortex sound is introduced. From Lighthill’s acoustic analogy, it is shown how vorticity and entropy fluctuations can be seen as sources of sound. The use of the compact Green’s functions is introduced to compute the vortex sound. As an example of the method presented, this theory is applied to pressure transients generated by high-speed trains.
Hematologic lesions in urine cytology.

Introduction Bladder infiltration by leukemia or lymphoma is rare and can mimic benign processes such as follicular cystitis (FC). Materials and methods Eight benign and malignant hematologic diseases encountered in urine cytology were retrospectively reviewed for clinical, radiographic, and cytologic findings. Results There were 2 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 2 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 4 cases of FC. The most common presenting symptom was hematuria. Imaging findings included echogenic debris within the bladder or an adjacent soft tissue mass in acute myeloid leukemia cases and bladder wall thickening in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cases. No FC cases had any imaging abnormalities. Cytologic material of the leukemia cases showed numerous myeloid blasts with markedly increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios, centrally located nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, nuclear indentations, and some irregular nuclear membranes. The background showed sparse urothelial cells and histiocytes. Both lymphoma cases showed a discohesive population of atypical large lymphoid cells with irregular nuclear borders and prominent nucleoli. The FC cases had a background lymphoid cell population with a maturation spectrum from small lymphocytes to large lymphoid cells (immunoblasts) and histiocytes including tingible body macrophages. Additionally, there were many mature squamous cells and reactive urothelial cells. Conclusions Bladder leukemia, lymphoma, and FC are infrequently encountered on urine cytology. FC can be distinguished from a hematologic malignancy by the presence of a lymphocytic maturation spectrum and tingible body macrophages. Radiologic abnormalities are associated with malignant processes; however, discrete bladder masses are usually not identified.
High-power InP-based waveguide photodiodes and photodiode arrays heterogeneously integrated on SOI

For the first time we demonstrate evanescently-coupled modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (MUTC PDs) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide with an internal responsivity of 0.85 A/W, up to 15 GHz bandwidth, and high RF output power. A novel 2-element MUTC PD array has a saturation current-bandwidth-product of >630 mA*GHz and achieves +9 dBm RF output power at 20 GHz.
Plant SET domain-containing proteins: structure, function and regulation

Modification of the histone proteins that form the core around which chromosomal DNA is looped has profound epigenetic effects on the accessibility of the associated DNA for transcription, replication and repair. The SET domain is now recognized as generally having methyltransferase activity targeted to specific lysine residues of histone H3 or H4. There is considerable sequence conservation within the SET domain and within its flanking regions. Previous reviews have shown that SET proteins from Arabidopsis and maize fall into five classes according to their sequence and domain architectures. These classes generally reflect specificity for a particular substrate. SET proteins from rice were found to fall into similar groupings, strengthening the merit of the approach taken. Two additional classes, VI and VII, were established that include proteins with truncated/interrupted SET domains. Diverse mechanisms are involved in shaping the function and regulation of SET proteins. These include protein-protein interactions through both intra- and inter-molecular associations that are important in plant developmental processes, such as flowering time control and embryogenesis. Alternative splicing that can result in the generation of two to several different transcript isoforms is now known to be widespread. An exciting and tantalizing question is whether, or how, this alternative splicing affects gene function. For example, it is conceivable that one isoform may debilitate methyltransferase function whereas the other may enhance it, providing an opportunity for differential regulation. The review concludes with the speculation that modulation of SET protein function is mediated by antisense or sense-antisense RNA.
Abstract 1232: Immunomodulatory effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and vascular remodeling properties of a cancer vaccine potentiate combinatorial immunotherapy.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that have antiangiogenic proprieties have also shown to have immunomodulatory proprieties by decreasing the number and function of immunosuppressive elements such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T-regulatory lymphocytes. These immunomodulatory properties make TKIs attractive candidates for combination with cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential action of vaccine and the antiangiogenic TKI sunitinib on tumor architecture, to better define the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefit of this combination. Using a CEA+ colon carcinoma mouse model in CEA-transgenic mice, we show for the first time that vaccine and TKI exert differential effects on tumor architecture. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) of 3 distinct types of tumor vessels (identified as CD31+, CD105+, and the monocytic marker CD11b+) demonstrated that vaccine decreased monocytic vasculature while sunitinib decreased the 3 types of vasculature and fenestrations. Immunoenzymatic IHC indicated that each single treatment and the combination affected tumor compactness and tight junctions. Each single treatment decreased hypoxia, as shown by hypoxyprobe IHC analysis, while combining sunitinib with vaccine resulted in the highest tumor oxygenation. Finally, vaccine plus sunitinib increased the tumor infiltration of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. These observations suggest that vaccine acted not only as an immune stimulant, but also as an angiogenic agent. These insights will assist in rationally developing and implementing such combination therapies. Citation Format: Renee N. Donahue, Italia Grenga, Peter S. Kim, Michael A. Coplin, James W. Hodge, Jeffrey Schlom, Benedetto P. Farsaci. Immunomodulatory effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and vascular remodeling properties of a cancer vaccine potentiate combinatorial immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1232
Thymoma and primary lymphoma of the small intestine

A case or primary poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of the ileum in a patient previously found to have an epithelial thymoma is described. While the frequency of malignancies of many types is increased in patients with thymoma, malignant lymphomas represent the most commonly associated tumor type. Lymphomas in these patients may devleop as a result of defective immunologic surveillance, impaired immunoregulation in partially immuno-deficient hosts, or by immunostimulation. The intestinal origin of the tumor in this case suggests that it may have developed as a result of local stimulation of lymphoid tissues by an antigen or antigens present in the intestinal contents.
Asymptotic model of electroporation

Electroporation is described mathematically by a partial differential equation (PDE) that governs the distribution of pores as a function of their radius and time. This PDE does not have an analytical solution and, because of the presence of disparate spatial and temporal scales, numerical solutions are hard to obtain. These difficulties limit the application of the PDE only to experimental setups with a uniformly polarized membrane. This study performs a rigorous, asymptotic reduction of the PDE to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that describes the dynamics of the pore density $N(t).$ Given $N(t),$ the precise distribution of the pores in the space of their radii can be determined by an asymptotic approximation. Thus, the asymptotic ODE represents most of the phenomenology contained in the PDE. It is easy to solve numerically, which makes it a powerful tool to study electroporation in experimental setups with significant spatial dependence, such vesicles or cells in an external field.
Determination of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of urine ketosteroids by thin layer densitometry

Abstract A double beam scanning spectrodensitometer is used for the determination of DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone  3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one), androsterone (3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one) and etiocholanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one) from urine. After ether solvolysis, purification and reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, aliquots are developed on thin layer plates and quantitated directly.
Experimental evidence on the band structure of germanium and silicon

Synopsis This paper reviews the status of experiments bearing on the band structure of semiconductors, with particular reference to germanium and silicon. The situation in n-Ge is especially clear, as both cyclotron resonance and magnetoresistance experiments show that the energy surfaces at the bottom of the conduction band are prolate spheroids oriented along the [111] directions in k-space; the spheroids are highly anisotropic, with a mass ratio of about 15:1. In p-Ge the two isotropic lines in cyclotron resonance suggest that the band edge is at the center of the Brillouin zone; the multiplicity is explained by spin-orbit splitting. It appears that this model may account, qualitatively for the remarkable infra-red absorption of p-Ge, but it seems to be difficult to explain transport data. From magnetoresistance and from cyclotron resonance it is found that the energy surfaces in n-Si are prolate spheroids directed along [100] axes, while the structure of p-Si is like p-Ge.