cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequencing of specific copolymer oligomers by electron-capture-dissociation mass spectrometry.

Although a poly(ethylene/propylene glycol) (PEG/PPG) copolymer mixture is far too complex (∼150 oligomeric formulas) for conventional purification, oligomer ion compositions of <1% abundance can be separated by Fourier transform mass spectrometry and dissociated into sequence-specific fragment ions. Using collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) or other conventional energetic methods, we found that misleading rearrangements are common; however, these are negligible with electron capture dissociation (ECD), consistent with its nonergodic mechanism. Despite the lack of reference compounds, ECD of five oligomers ranging from PEG1PPG18 to PEG9PPG15 shows that ∼80% of their isomers have all PEG units at one end, while CAD gave lower values because of an ∼21% rearrangement loss of internal monomer units. In contrast to the indicated triblock “PEG/PPG/PEG” sample designation of this commercial surfactant, all of these oligomers are found to consist primarily of diblock PEG/PPG structures, so that their termin...
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY WITH OPTOGALVANIC DETECTION

The past ten years of accomplishment in the use of laser optogalvanic techniques for the spectroscopy of molecules is reviewed in this report. From a curiousity at first only able to reproduce the results of classical absorption experiments, the laser optogalvanic (LOG) methods have emerged as the most powerful and versatile of the new procedures that are now revolutionizing molecular spectroscopy. Most of these are described in more detail in the following manuscripts. The one in which our laboratory has specialized is reviewed here. In this work the use of optogalvanic techniques in the study of the state-selective photolysis of simple molecules is discussed.
Neural network-based calibration of electromagnetic tracking systems

Electromagnetic tracking systems are a common component of many virtual reality installations. Their accuracy, however, suffers from the distortions of the electromagnetic field used in calculating the tracker sensor’s position. We have developed a tracker calibration technique based on a neural network that effectively compensates for the errors in both tracked location and orientation. This case study discusses our implementation of the calibration algorithm and compares the results with traditional calibration methods.
Mobilizing positive reinforcement in communities to reduce youth access to tobacco

A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell. Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
Thermodynamics and Mechanisms of Protonated Diglycine Decomposition: A Computational Study

We present a full computational description of the fragmentation reactions of protonated diglycine (H+GG). Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at B3LYP/6-31 G(d) or B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) levels are used to map the reaction coordinate surfaces and identify the transition states (TSs) and intermediate reaction species for seven reactions observed experimentally in the succeeding companion paper. All structures are optimized at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level, with single point energies of the key optimized structures calculated at B3LYP and MP2(full) levels using a 6-311 + G(2 d,2p) basis set. These theoretical structures and energies are compared with extensive calculations in the literature. Although the pathways elucidated here are generally in agreement with those previously outlined, new details and, for some reactions, lower energy transition states are located. Further, the mechanism for the combined loss of carbon monoxide and ammonia is explored for the first time.
Immune tolerance for haemophilia patients with inhibitors: analysis of the western United States experience

The experience with immune tolerance (IT) induction therapy for haemophilia patients with inhibitors, instituted during 1990–97 at 17 haemophilia treatment centres in the western United States, was reviewed. IT was instituted in 104 of 139 (75%) of all identified haemophilia A and haemophilia B patients with inhibitors. Doses and schedules for IT varied but most patients were treated with a daily administration of 25–200 units kg–1 day–1. Successful immune tolerance (defined as Bethesda Unit titres < 1.0) was achieved in 57 of 81 (78%) patients who completed therapy. IT success was significantly greater for those patients with historic titres < 100 BU (P < 0.0003) and those with titres of < 10 BU at initiation of IT (P < 0.0001). IT success was uniformly achieved in 16 patients with low to moderate responding inhibitors. IT in infants < 2 years of age was problematic due to the presence of high titre inhibitors and complications of venous access. Frequent complications of IT included increased bleeding during intravenous access device insertion (20%) and infections associated with venous access devices (64%). IT is widely accepted as a treatment modality for haemophilia patients with inhibitors. Patient participation in IT regimens and management during therapy is facilitated greatly by the efforts of treatment centre nurse co-ordinators who are knowledgeable about haemophilia and its complications. Additional clinical trials will be necessary to define better initial dose, schedule, dose adjustment and success/failure criteria for IT.
The Nautical Imagery in Anthologia Graeca 10.23

In this poem, ascribed to Automedon, Nicetes' way of orating is compared first to a light breeze that strikes upon the rigging of a sailing vessel and then, when the breeze has increased to a wind, to the vessel itself as it runs over open water under full sail.
Deformation of intense laser beams tightly focused inside NaCl: A comparison of the multiphoton-polaron and avalanche models of optical breakdown

Computer simulations of the interaction of intense picosecond laser pulses ( \lambda = 532 nm) with NaCl in the focal volume of a 2.54 cm focal length aberration-free lens indicate that severe beam deformation may take place at photon fluxes corresponding to the single-shot damage threshold measured under these experimental conditions. This deformation is the result of a change in the dielectric function which, in turn, is caused by free carriers generated via multiphoton-assisted avalanche ionization and/or multiphoton absorption. Strong self-defocusing prevents local photon fluxes from reaching values required to raise the lattice temperature sufficiently for damage to occur. We conclude that either both the semiempirical avalanche ionization as well as the multiphoton-polaron absorption mechanisms of laser breakdown are invalid in their present form or that the experimentally determined damage thresholds do not pertain to the intrinsic properties of NaCl.
Dispersion and deposition of smoke plumes generated in massive fires

Abstract Massive fires resulting from the uncontrolled burning of crude oil from spills or industrial accidents produce large smoke-laden buoyant plumes which rise in the wind direction before they equilibrate within a stably stratified atmosphere. Beyond this point, the plume material cools by entrainment and the plume becomes negatively buoyant due to the heavy smoke loading. The trajectory of the descending plume, which determines the ground distribution of smoke, is the subject of this paper. A computational model for the simulation of large-scale smoke plumes resulting from such fires is developed and applied to investigate the effects of the plume initial properties on its trajectory and smoke deposition patterns. Attention is focused on the descent and dispersion of wind-driven plumes in a homogeneous atmosphere, and the smoke deposition on flat terrain. Results show that the plume dynamics in the cross-wind direction are dominated by two buoyantly generated, coherent, streamwise vortices which distort the plume cross section into a kidney-shaped structure. The strength of the two vortices and their separation increase as the plume falls. The plume width grows under the action of these vortices at a rate which increases as the plume settles on the ground, leading to a smoke footprint which does not resemble the prediction of Gaussian dispersion models. The effects of the injection altitude and the initial shape of the plume cross section on the transport and dispersion of the negatively buoyant smoke plume are investigated. Plumes falling from higher elevations disperse more in the vertical direction while those falling from lower elevations disperse further in the horizontal cross-wind direction. Plumes with circular cross-sections reach the ground faster and disperse horizontally further than plumes with elliptical cross-sections with the minor axes in the vertical direction. Vertical plume dispersion is weakly dependent on the shape of its initial cross-section.
Cation-dependent leucine, alanine, and phenylalanine uptake at pH 10 in brush-border membrane vesicles from larval Manduca sexta midgut.

Abstract Using the rapid filtration technique, cation gradient driven leucine, alanine and phenylalanine uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from the highly studied model insect, Manduca sexta, is characterized at the physiological pH of 10. The vesicles are sealed and nonspecific binding is small. Almost identical initial time courses of leucine uptake are obtained whether the vesicles are osmotically balanced initially or at equilibrium. The maximum accumulation values are also similar and the equilibrium values are identical with either treatment. Equilibrium is reached by 60 min. Amino acid accumulation is cation gradient dependent and is abolished by 18 μM valinomycin. Uptake of all three amino acids occurs over a broad pH range with maximum rates at approximately pH 10 and lower rates at pH 7.5. The cation selectivity of phenylalanine and alanine uptake changes with pH; the sequence is K + >Na + >Cs + ⪢ Rb + = Li + at pH 10.0, whereas K + = Na + at pH 8.0; the selectivity of leucine uptake is K + = Na + >Cs + ⪢ Rb + = Li + at pH 10. Maximum K+ driven accumulation of all three amino acids decreases with anions in the order: SCN − > NO 3 − > Cl − = CO 3 2− = SO 4 2 = HPO 4 2− > gluconate − · V max values are similar for all three amino acids. There are large differences in initial uptake rates ( leucine > phenylalanine = alanine ), and maximum accumulation values ( leucine > phenylalanine > alanine ).
Comparison of evaporative instability with Marangoni instability

The pure Marangoni and pure evaporation problems are both associated with interfacial instability, and a comparison is made between the two problems in this paper by way of illustrative calculations. In each case, the scaled critical temperature drop against wavenumber is graphed, as is also the scaled growth constant of the disturbance against wavenumber. The comparison shows the similar roles of transverse diffusion and surface curvature in the two problems. Transverse diffusion is seen to play a dual role, and the physics involved in this dual role is explained.
Electron impact fragmentation of oxazoles and oxazinones derived from leucine and isoleucine

Differentiation between leucine and isoleucine was effected utilizing derivatives obtained by degradation of peptides by two novel reactions. The two reactions are (1) the random degradation by treatment with, first, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde yielding α-keto derivatives which are subsequently converted to oxazinones, and (2) the N-terminal sequential degradation of peptides effected by vic-dicarbonyl compounds which yield characteristic oxazinones in one procedural step. The mass spectra of the oxazinones produced by leucine- and isoleucine-containing peptides via either degradation leads to characteristic oxazinones which give unique fragmentation patterns. The one from isoleucine gave intense ions at m/z 253, 225 and 197; from leucine at m/z 253, 225 and 183. The ions at m/z 183 and 197 provided the largest differences, but other fragment ions contributed to the differentiation.
Design and on-wafer measurement of a W-Band via-less CPW RF probe pad to microstrip transition

A very wide band via-less coplanar waveguide RF probe pad to microstrip transition is presented. The simulation with Agilent's Momentum (MOM) shows that a 3 dB bandwidth of 173% can be achieved from 10GHz to 110GHz with an average loss of 0.4dB, and 0.2dB at 70GHz. The fabrication was done on 100/spl mu/m thick high resistivity silicon wafer, and two measurement methods were used to obtain the s-parameters of the transition. Measured results show that the insertion loss has an average value of 0.4dB from 40GHz to 100GHz, with the return loss better than 13dB.
Integrated electronic equalizer for dispersion compensation in 10 Gb/s fiber networks

The paper presents the design of a high-speed transversal equalizer for dispersion compensation in 10 Gb/s fiber networks. The five-tap equalizer is implemented in a 47 GHz SiGe technology. The equalizer circuit is optimized for minimum group delay and maximum bandwidth. With added feedback in the equalizer gain stage, we achieved minimum group delay of 0.7% data period. Polarization mode dispersion compensation has been demonstrated using the proposed transversal equalizer.
Self-Presentational Determinants of Sex Differences in Leadership Behavior.

Men and women placed in leadership positions communicated information about their skills and abilities to their subordinates. Although leaders' perceptions of their abilities, group members' knowle...
Impact assessment of an invasive flatworm, Convoluta convoluta, in the Southern Gulf of Maine

Convoluta convoluta (Abildgaard 1806) is a small (2–3 mm long) acoellous turbellarian flatworm from Europe that has invaded the Gulf of Maine within the last 5 years. Although it has been reported in densities of up to 19 individuals/cm 2 , its ecological impact remains unknown. In its native habitat, it consumes harpacticoid copepods and primary settling mussels <0.5-mm shell length. This study estimated the impact of C. convoluta on juvenile blue mussel populations (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus 1758) around the Isles of Shoals in the southern Gulf of Maine, USA as well as looking at their distribution in their new habitat. We surveyed worm densities at sites of differing wave exposure over three substrates (hard substrates, bladed algae, filamentous algae) to quantify patterns of worm abundance. We found worms on all substrate types with their highest abundances occurring in areas of maximal sunlight exposure and minimal physical disturbance. We showed a definite pattern of consumption of mussels in the lab and found C. convoluta to consume up to 35% of primary settling mussels in the field, but only under certain conditions. Per capita impact on juvenile mussels was found to vary greatly in correlation with mussel recruitment rate and water temperature, but not with the consumption of harpacticoids. Our results also suggested that per capita interaction strength was reduced by intraspecific density-dependent competition and water temperature. The overall impact of C. convoluta on mussel populations in the southern Gulf of Maine is therefore estimated to be minimal.
The Mabel Smith Douglass Library

In its 74-year existence, the Mabel Smith Douglass Library's various buildings and services have reflected society's definition of the library's role in the educational community and the library's response as the role changed. Some of the changes reflect transformations, such as coeducation, access to education for more of the working class or the decline of smoking; but predominately changes have been a response to the geometric growth of information technology and changes in teaching methodology. The library was founded in 1918 to serve Douglass College, then the New Jersey College for Women (N.J.C.). At first it had only a few books on loan from the Rutgers University Library which were placed on the Registrar's desk. As the collection grew, books moved to the top of cabinets and in 1919 to a closet in College Hall. Soon two closets were needed. By 1923 the library was housed in two small study rooms, a stack room and a browsing room on the lower floor of the dean's residence. In 1924 the library was relocated to the top floor of College Hall. This soon was inadequate and in 1926 a wing of Recitation Hall was converted into temporary quarters. The library had open shelves, not a common practice at the time, giving students direct access to books and requiring fewer staff. There was a circulation desk, a reference and reading room, as well as reference, catalog and order departments. By 1930 the library had again outgrown its space. The 1674 volumes and 8 periodicals owned in 1924 grew to 35,000 volumes and 190 journals by 1930. This overcrowding started an intense campaign for an adequate library which would not see fruition until the first phase of the present building was dedicated on April 13, 1961. The campaign for a new library can be traced through editorials and articles in the college paper. An editorial in the Campus News of November 6, 1931, entitled "The Need for a Library," points out that the New Jersey College for Women is modern and progressive, that it is among the few colleges to present readings for honors, and adds that in order to
Performance Evaluation of a Prototype TurbX™ Engine

A revolutionary new concept internal-combustion engine called TurbX™ was invented and a prototype was built by an independent inventor, M. A. Wilson. Theoretically, the TurbX™ engine cycle can be represented by the Atkinson thermodynamic cycle with a continuous combustion process. Because of these attributes, this concept has the potential for higher fuel economy and power density relative to other internal combustion engine types. To evaluate the performance of this prototype, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The University of Tennessee conducted an independent experimental study. Two series of tests were performed: cold-flow and fuel-fired tests. Cold-flow, compressed-air driven, tests were performed by pressurizing the combustion chamber with shop air to demonstrate the prototype performance of the turbine section. These results showed positive but unremarkable torque for combustion chamber air pressures above 300 kPa with a functional relationship illustrative of typical gas turbines with respect to shaft speed. The fuel-fired tests consisted of 26 constant-speed runs between 1800 and 9500 RPM. The experimental apparatus limited the maximum test speed to 9500 RPM. The TurbX™ engine produced no net output power for all fuel-fired tests conducted. The temperature measurements indicated that for most of the runs there was sustained combustion. However, even in runs where satisfactory combustion was observed, measured gage pressure inside the combustion chamber never exceeded 15.5 kPa. The lack of sufficient pressure rise inside the combustion chamber is indicative of excessive leakage of the combustion products through the preliminary prototype engine internals. Based on the results and the experience gained through this independent testing of this preliminary prototype, further development of this concept is recommended. Three major issues are specifically identified: 1) the internal components must be redesigned to reduce leakage, 2) combustion chamber design and 3) improve the overall aerodynamic performance of the engine internal components.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Evolution of Mutation Rates: Phylogenomic Analysis of the Photolyase/Cryptochrome Family

Photoreactivation, one of the first DNA repair pathways to evolve, is the direct reversal of premutagenic lesions caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, catalyzed by photolyases in a light-dependent, single-enzyme reaction. It has been experimentally shown that photoreactivation prevents UV mutagenesis in a broad range of species. In the absence of photoreactivation, UV-induced photolesions are repaired by the more complex and much less efficient nucleotide excision repair pathway. Despite their obvious beneficial effects, several lineages, including placental mammals, lost photolyase genes during evolution. In this study, we ask why photolyase genes have been lost in those lineages and discuss the significance of these losses in the context of the evolution of the genomic mutation rates. We first perform an extensive phylogenomic analysis of the photolyase/cryptochrome family, to assess what species lack each kind of photolyase gene. Then, we estimate the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates in several groups of photolyase genes, as a proxy of the strength of purifying natural selection, and we ask whether less evolutionarily constrained photolyase genes are more likely lost. We also review functional data and compare the efficiency of different kinds of photolyases. We find that eukaryotic photolyases are, on average, less evolutionarily constrained than eubacterial ones and that the strength of natural selection is correlated with the affinity of photolyases for their substrates. We propose that the loss of photolyase genes in eukaryotic species may be due to weak natural selection and may result in a deleterious increase of their genomic mutation rates. In contrast, the loss of photolyase genes in prokaryotes may not cause an increase in the mutation rate and be neutral in most cases.
Self-Mutilation and Coping Strategies in a College Sample

The goal of this study was to examine the use of specific coping strategies among self-mutilating college students. The self-mutilating group (n = 44) reported utilizing avoidance strategies more often than did a control group (n = 44) matched for general psychological distress but with no history of self-mutilation. In addition, female, but not male, self-mutilators endorsed using problem-solving and social support seeking strategies less often than nonmutilators. These findings suggest that coping strategies in general and avoidance-based strategies in particular may be important targets for the treatment of self-mutilative behaviors.
Excitement in the β-lactamase arena

Revue sur la resistance bacterienne aux antibiotiques β-lactames. Les β-lactamases nouvellement isolees dans les plasmides de bacteries ont souligne le role de ces enzymes dans les bacteries resistances
A comparison of agency-based and self-report methods of measuring services across an urban environment by a drug-abusing homeless population.

The purpose of this paper is to advance the methodology for studying service assessment by comparing self-report and agency-generated methods. This study compares 30-day self-reported service use for homeless individuals (N = 229) randomly recruited from a single urban environment (St Louis, Missouri) with similar data collected from a broad array of service agencies providing homeless, substance abuse and outpatient mental health services across the same environment. Comparisons were made between self-report and agency-based data on shelter use, outpatient mental health service use (case management, psychiatric treatment, group therapy), outpatient substance abuse service use (case management, counselling, group therapy) and drop-in/day treatment use. Consistently low levels of kappa scores (all under 0.4) and correlation coefficients (only shelter use demonstrated significant agreement) were found. Findings demonstrated that the two methods of collecting service data are generally not concordant at the individual level. Certain demographic characteristics (increased age, being male, non-white ethnicity) and diagnoses (cocaine abuse/dependence, mania, schizophrenia) were associated with decreased reliability between the two methods of data collection. The two methods of assessment appeared to capture overlapping but not identical information. Each method of assessment has different utility to researchers and providers wishing to assess service use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2.4 GHz Wideband Open-Loop GFSK Transmitter With Phase Quantization Noise Cancellation

A wide-bandwidth phase modulation transmitter with phase quantization noise cancellation technique is proposed. Unlike conventional phase-locked loop closed-loop modulation, very wide-bandwidth arbitrary phase modulation can be synthesized at the phase-locked loop output by selecting the desired phases that are generated by a phase generator. To further reduce the phase quantization noise due to the finite number of available phases, a phase quantization noise cancellation path is proposed through a second VCO control port. At least 7 dB phase noise cancellation was demonstrated using a prototype 0.18 μm CMOS 2.4 GHz GFSK transmitter integrated circuit. Measurements on the prototype show that out-of-band phase quantization noise is 49 dB lower than the signal when transmitting 20 Mb/s GFSK signal and that the rms error is only 3.2%. The current consumption is 34.5 mA excluding the transmitter output buffer.
Gender differences in adolescent self-esteem : An exploration of domains

The relationship between gender and global self-esteem in adolescence, while modest, has been well established, with boys consistently scoring higher than girls. In the present study, we sought to understand gender differences in adolescent self-esteem in terms of its component parts. With a relatively large (n = 545) sample of adolescents, drawn from Grades 8, 10, and 12, we specified 8 domains of adolescent self-esteem (personal security, home/parents, peer popularity, academic competence, attractiveness, personal mastery, psychological permeability, and athletic competence) across a number of different instruments and brought them together into a common assessment superstructure. Gender differences as well as the relative contributions of the different domains to overall self-esteem scores were measured. As predicted, boys attained slightly higher global self-esteem scores than girls did, by a difference of .22 standard deviation units. Contrary to our expectation of more balanced domain effects, boys significantly outperformed girls in 6 of 8 domains, whereas the 2 remaining domains exhibited no significant gender differences. There were no main or interaction effects for grade level. In terms of relative contribution of these domains to global self-esteem for the 2 genders, global self-esteem in boys and girls is predicted in very similar strengths and in the same order of magnitude by identical domains of self-esteem: home/parents, personal security, academic competence, attractiveness, and personal mastery--yielding multiple R2s from .88 to .91.
Regulation of fibroblast mitochondrial 27-hydroxycholesterol production by active plasma membrane cholesterol.

Side chain oxysterols are cholesterol derivatives thought to signal the abundance of cell cholesterol to homeostatic effector proteins. Here, we investigated how plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol might regulate 27-hydroxycholesterol (HC) biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. We showed that PM cholesterol was a major substrate for 27-HC production. Biosynthesis commenced within minutes of loading depleted cells with cholesterol, concurrent with the rapid inactivation of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). 27-HC production rose ∼30-fold in normal and Niemann-Pick C1 fibroblasts when PM cholesterol was increased by ∼60%. 27-HC production was also stimulated by 1-octanol, which displaces PM cholesterol from its phospholipid complexes and thereby increases its activity (escape tendency) and elevates its intracellular abundance. Conversely, lysophosphatidylserine and U18666A inhibited 27-HC biosynthesis and the inactivation of HMGR, presumably by reducing the activity of PM cholesterol and, therefore, its circulation to mitochondria. We conclude that, in this in vitro system, excess (active) PM cholesterol rapidly reaches mitochondria where, as the rate-limiting substrate, it stimulates 27-HC biosynthesis. The oxysterol product then promotes the rapid degradation of HMGR, along with other homeostatic effects. The regulation of 27-HC production by the active excess of PM cholesterol can thus provide a feedback mechanism in the homeostasis of PM cholesterol.
Challenges in understanding the role of pregnancy morbidity in cardiovascular risk in SLE

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).1 Despite extensive and ongoing research in this area, few risk factors, including traditional ones such as smoking and hypertension, explain a significant proportion of the risk. There is a robust scientific literature showing that the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and increased arterial stiffness increase after pre-eclampsia, as do future risks of metabolic syndrome and CVD.2 Given that a majority of patients with SLE are women of reproductive age and the reported early CVD morbidity in women with SLE, investigating the relationship between pre-eclampsia (and other pregnancy complications) and subsequent CVD risk is of great interest in SLE. To that end, investigators explored the link between pregnancy complications and subsequent …
Formation of the Postmitotic Nuclear Envelope from Extended ER Cisternae Precedes Nuclear Pore Assembly

During mitosis, the nuclear envelope merges with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and nuclear pore complexes are disassembled. In a current model for reassembly after mitosis, the nuclear envelope forms by a reshaping of ER tubules. For the assembly of pores, two major models have been proposed. In the insertion model, nuclear pore complexes are embedded in the nuclear envelope after their formation. In the prepore model, nucleoporins assemble on the chromatin as an intermediate nuclear pore complex before nuclear envelope formation. Using live-cell imaging and electron microscope tomography, we find that the mitotic assembly of the nuclear envelope primarily originates from ER cisternae. Moreover, the nuclear pore complexes assemble only on the already formed nuclear envelope. Indeed, all the chromatin-associated Nup107–160 complexes are in single units instead of assembled prepores. We therefore propose that the postmitotic nuclear envelope assembles directly from ER cisternae followed by membrane-dependent insertion of nuclear pore complexes.
Electrophoretic separation of different phophosproteins associated with Ca-ATPase and Na, K-ATPase in human red cell ghosts.

Ca has been found to increase the quantity of 32P incorporated into red cell ghosts from [γ-32P]ATP over the levels obtained by incubation with Mg alone or with Mg + Na, in correlation with the effect of Ca on the associated ATPase activities. When the 32P-labeled ghosts were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and electrophoresed on acrylamide gels only two bands could be detected either by autoradiography or by counting the sliced gels. The faster moving band (P-2) had the same mobility and the same molecular weight (103,000) as the phosphoprotein found either with Mg alone or with Mg + Na. The slower moving band (P-1) was not found in extensively washed ghosts labeled in the absence of Ca. The molecular weight of P-1 is approximately 150,000. P-1 like P-2 was not affected by pretreatment of intact cells with Pronase before labeling indicating that neither the phosphorylating mechanism nor the phosphoprotein are accessible to externally applied Pronase. The demonstration that a Ca-phosphoprotein is separable from the Na-stimulated phosphoprotein suggests that the Ca-ATPase is distinct from and independent of the Na,K-ATPase. The fact that Ca blocks the dephosphorylation by K of the Na-phosphoprotein indicates that caution is required in interpreting results when the activities of the different phosphoproteins have not been separately determined.
THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGICAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION IN THE 1988 AND 1992 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

There is a reasonable degree of scholarly consensus that ideology, at least defined as self-placement on the liberal-conservative continuum, plays a significant role in mass voting behavior. By most accounts, ideological identification played a major role in the 1988 presidential election. In that contest, the Bush campaign successfully employed a strategy of defining Dukakis as a ‘liberal.’ However, the ‘L word’ was less prominent in the 1992 campaign. Does that mean that ideological self-identification was less of a factor in determining peoples' voting behavior in 1992? Using our own survey data, as well as the 1988 National Election Study, we find that ideology had approximately the same impact in 1992 as it had in 1988. However, there is evidence that the American voting public moved slightly toward the liberal end of the ideological spectrum. Despite a very different electoral outcome, the patterns underlying the vote in the 1988 and 1992 elections are remarkably similar.
Position sensing using an optical potentiometer

A simple optical potentiometer design is proposed for position sensing in large-scale structures during dynamic excitation. The generic optical potentiometer consists of a long thin section of photoluminescent (PL) material terminated by two photodiode detectors. The PL material and photodiode assembly is attached to the moving structure and the material is excited in a light source. The intensity of the light in the PL material decays exponentially with increasing distance from the source. The relative moment between the light source and material is then deduced from the intensity of the light detected by the photodiodes. The preliminary data presented show that this optical potentiometer obeys Beer's law in a manner similar to the optical fiber system. The expression which describes the variation of intensity at each photodiode versus distance is experimentally determined, together with the attenuation constant. These expressions are solved to produce an equation which calculates the position of the light spot on the tube, given the two photodiode intensities. >
Statistical Exergy-Based Analysis of a Steam Power Plant for Concept Verification and Plant Optimization

In this statistical exergy study of a conventional power plant, the concept of statistical exergy analysis as an alternative to common engineering approaches is examined. The statistical aspect is drawn from conducting Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) factorial design on the components of a proposed system. The exergy aspect comes in the extension of the typical energy analysis on engineering systems to include the limitations on the system imposed by the second law of thermodynamics.To test this approach, a steam power plant discussed in an example exercise in Cengel and Boles’ 5th Edition Thermodynamics textbook was used as the subject of analysis. Effects of three input parameters on 13 responses were closely examined.While using only 8 data points, the analysis still showed highly reliable and predictable results with square of residuals (R2) values of almost 100%. Predicted R2 values ranged between 88% and 99% with one outlier of 14.36%, depending on the input parameters.Derived from the results, a new plant design concept was proposed and analyzed. This design eliminated all theoretically unnecessary drivers of exergy destruction in the plant. It also utilized the force of gravity to achieve the desired power output. The design showed an increase of 3.85% to 18% in kilowatts of work output and 5% to 7% in first and second law efficiencies. In this case, the derived design was shown to be impractical due to difficult maintenance as well as the difficulty in reaching the required pressures without a pump. However, this method of statistical exergy analysis is still valuable, as practicality of application will vary from one proposed system to another.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Culture and Dissent in Shakespeare’s England and Cold War Europe

The myth of Elizabeth I’s reign as a golden age of moderation has proved to be peculiarly tenacious, surviving in the popular consciousness in TV shows and Hollywood movies that have drawn a sharp contrast between Elizabeth’s restraint and the religious fanaticism of her half-sister Mary. Only in the last few years has this Protestant master narrative begun to be questioned and revised in the light of historical and literary studies by Eamon Duffy Christopher Haigh, Gerard Kilroy and Alexandra Walsham. What such studies have revealed is that violence and intolerance were a common theme of the Tudor age, regardless of who sat on the throne. Where I differ from these studies is in emphasizing the political nature of religious intolerance and oppression in Shakespeare’s England. My own approach is closer to Ethan Shagan’s recent work on early modern moderation.1 Contrary to the traditional assumption that the via media of the Elizabethan Church of England represented moderation in the modern sense, Shagan has persuasively argued that “the self-proclaimed moderation of the Church of England in its ethical, internal sense—a restrained and reasonable Church virtuously limited in its Reformation and thus a via media between Roman Catholicism and the Radical Reformation—was utterly dependent upon the Church of England’s external moderation of its subjects through state power and coercive restraint” (Shagan, The Rule of Moderation, 112).
Abstract 4339: Evaluation of polyamine inhibitors in N/S/I-type neuroblastoma and hypoxia

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumor and is derived from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. There is currently no curative treatment for children with relapsed/refractory NB, and for these children the 5-year survival rate is Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4339
Demystifying the Impact of Leader Succession: An Integration of Three Divergent Theories

Using a team process framework, this paper draws together common- sense, vicious-circle, and ritual scapegoating theories which have all been used to describe how leadership succession affects orga...
Good Neighbor: Ad hoc Pairing of Nearby Wireless Devices by Multiple Antennas.

The proliferation of personal wireless devices requires secure connection between them. While it is easy to securely pair electronic devices by wires, it is very challenging to pair them wirelessly when they have no prior association. We propose Good Neighbor, a novel scheme that securely pairs nearby wireless devices by exploiting multiple antennas built in them. Our scheme requires neither shared secrets nor out-of-band channels (e.g., audio, visual, keyboard, etc.) between the pairing devices. It only requires that the receiver has multiple antennas and that the sender can be placed nearby the receiver. Our scheme is based on the propagation characteristic of the wireless signal that the power of the received signal is inversely proportional to some exponent of the distance between the sender and receiver. When a nearby sender moves very close to one antenna on the receiver, the receiver can observe a large difference between the signal strength measured on its two antennas, whereas a faraway sender would be unable to induce such a large difference. We validate our scheme through theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. We discuss the factors that may affect our scheme — including antenna gain, received signal strength (RSS) saturation, dynamic rate adaptation, and multipath effects — and how to mitigate them. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality of our scheme by implementing and evaluating a prototype.
Photoacoustic Waveforms Generated by Fluid Bodies

The properties of photoacoustic waves generated by absorption of short pulse optical radiation by fluid bodies can be found by solution of the wave equation for pressure. Theorems are given for predicting the time profiles of photoacoustic waves depending on the symmetry of the absorbing body. For long laser pulses, the photoacoustic waveform is proportional to the zero’th derivative in one dimension, the one-half derivative in two dimensions, and the first time derivative of the laser pulse in three dimensions.
A Wireless Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Tensile Force on Sutured Wound Sites

A new wireless sensor was designed, fabricated, and applied for in situ monitoring of tensile force at a wound site. The sensor was comprised of a thin strip of magnetoelastic material with its two ends connected to suture threads for securing the sensor across a wound repair site. Since the sensor was remotely interrogated by applying an ac magnetic field and capturing the resulting magnetic field, it did not require direct wire connections to an external device or internal battery for long-term use. Due to its magnetoelastic property, the application of a tensile force changed the magnetic permeability of the sensor, altering the amplitude of the measured magnetic field. This study presents two sensor designs: one for high and one for low-force ranges. A sensor was fabricated by directly adhering the magnetoelastic strip to the suture. This sensor showed good sensitivity at low force, but its response saturated at about 1.5 N. To monitor high tensile force, the magnetoelastic strip was attached to a metal strip for load sharing. The suture thread was attached to the both ends of the metal strip so only a fraction of the applied force was directed to the sensor, allowing it to exhibit good sensitivity even at 44.5 N. The sensor was applied to two ex vivo models: a sutured section of porcine skin and a whitetail deer Achilles tendon. The results demonstrate the potential for in vivo force monitoring at a wound repair site.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Various MEAs have been worked out from time to time during the past several decades, even before the notable 1972 Stockholm Conference on Human Environment (with its origins on sustainable development). There are currently about 200 MEAs which are addressed to solve the emerging global environmental problems. These have accelerated in their formulation and implementation since about the mid-1980s. In general, MEAs complement some of the international policy measures aimed at the upkeep and protection of environmental resources. Some of the MEAs impose prohibitions on trade, and a few others seek to modulate the methods of production via stipulations of process and product characteristics. This chapter examines some of the issues with particular focus on the interface of trade and environmental measures at the international levels.
STRUCTURED OBJECT REPRESENTATIONS

The representations aggregates several related predicate calculus expressions into larger structures (sometimes called units) that are identified with important objects in the subject domain of the system. When information about one of these objects is needed by the system, the appropriate unit is accessed and all of the relevant facts about the object are retrieved at once. It uses the phrase structured objects to describe these representational schemes because of the heavy emphasis on the structure of the representation. Indeed the structure carries some of the representational and computational burden. Certain operations that might otherwise have been performed by explicit rule applications can be performed in a more automatic way by mechanisms that depend on the structure of the representation.
A scoping study of moral injury: Identifying directions for social work research

Abstract This paper presents a scoping study of moral injury that identified directions for social work research. “Moral injury” refers to lasting psychological, spiritual and social harm caused by one's own or others' actions in a high stakes situation that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. A “scoping study” is a type of systematic review and knowledge synthesis useful when considering complex, emerging areas of research. Results revealed an increasing interest in moral injury over the past five years primarily in psychology/psychiatry. The majority of published articles are conceptual. Empirical studies aim to better understand the experience of moral injury, qualitatively; and develop and evaluate instruments to assess moral injury, quantitatively. Most empirical studies of moral injury involve US war veterans with little attention to moral injury in other groups, sociocultural contexts, or at different times in development. Failure to address issues of moral injury in social work may leave vulnerable clients struggling with issues of guilt, shame, moral confusion, and an absence of meaning that may persist for years and create obstacles to positive change. In addition, social workers may experience moral injury as they witness morally injurious behavior of others and of systems. If unaddressed, such injuries may diminish effectiveness, or lead to burn out. Social workers need relevant research to understand the extent to which moral injury affects them and their clients, and how to identify and address it.
A Signal Classification Network That Computes its Own Reliability

Automatic signal classification (ASC) systems are used extensively for signal interpretation in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications. Their popularity stems from the fact that they are capable of rapid analysis of large amounts of data. In addition, they offer more accurate and consistent data interpretation as well as allow storage of expert knowledge.