cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children with Diverse Backgrounds.

Determining diagnostic stability of ASD, as well stability of functioning in early childhood, is relevant to prevalence, best practices for communicating early ASD diagnoses to caregivers, families’ experiences, and developmental trajectories. Generalizability of findings from prior research has been limited by small and homogenous samples, short follow-up time intervals, and inconsistent diagnostic procedures. This report presents follow-up evaluations of 60 children (86.7% male, mean age: 51.3 months) with diverse backgrounds (79.7% racial/ethnic minorities) who received initial ASD diagnoses before 36 months of age (mean age: 27 months). Fifty-three children (88.3%) met diagnostic criteria for ASD at follow-up, a proportion consistent with previous studies. On average, children demonstrated significant cognitive gains and ASD symptom improvement. Clinical implications of findings are discussed.
Exosomal L1CAM Stimulates Glioblastoma Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Invasiveness

Immunoglobulin superfamily protein L1CAM (L1, CD171) normally facilitates neuronal migration, differentiation, and axon guidance during development. Many types of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), also abnormally express L1, and this has been associated with poor prognosis due to increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, or metastasis. We showed previously that the soluble L1 ectodomain, which is proteolyzed from the transmembrane form, can stimulate proliferation and motility of GBM cells in vitro by acting through integrins and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Minute L1-decorated exosomal vesicles also are released by GBM cells and potentially could stimulate cell motility, proliferation, and invasiveness, but this needed to be demonstrated. In the present study, we aimed to determine if minute L1-decorated extracellular vesicles (exosomes) were capable of stimulating GBM cell motility, proliferation, and invasiveness. L1-decorated exosomes were isolated from the conditioned media of the human T98G GBM cell line and were evaluated for their effects on the behavior of glioma cell lines and primary tumor cells. L1-decorated exosomes significantly increased cell velocity in the three human glioma cells tested (T98G/shL1, U-118 MG, and primary GBM cells) in a highly quantitative SuperScratch assay compared to L1-reduced exosomes from L1-attenuated T98G/shL1 cells. They also caused a marked increase in cell proliferation as determined by DNA cell cycle analysis and cell counting. In addition, L1-decorated exosomes facilitated initial GBM cell invasion when mixed with non-invasive T98G/shL1 cells in our chick embryo brain tumor model, whereas mixing with L1-reduced exosomes did not. Chemical inhibitors against focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) decreased L1-mediated motility and proliferation to varying degrees. These novel data show that L1-decoratred exosomes stimulate motility, proliferation and invasion to influence GBM cell behavior, which adds to the complexity of how L1 stimulates cancer cells through not only soluble ectodomain but also through exosomes.
Cross-Reactive Antibodies Binding to the Influenza Virus Subtype H11 Hemagglutinin

H11 subtype influenza viruses were isolated from a wide range of bird species and one strain also was isolated from swine. In an effort to generate reagents for a chimeric H11/1 hemagglutinin-based universal influenza virus vaccine candidate, we produced 28 monoclonal antibodies that recognize the H11 HA subtype. Here we characterized these antibodies in terms of binding breadth and functionality. We found that the antibodies bind broadly to North American and Eurasian lineage isolates and also show broad neutralizing activity, suggesting that immunogenic epitopes on the H11 head domain are not under strong pressure from immunity in the natural reservoir. Furthermore, we found that the antibodies were highly hemagglutination inhibition active against the homologous chimeric H11/1N1 virus, but approximately 50% lost this activity when tested against a virus expressing the same the full length H11 HA of which the head domain is present on cH11/1 HA. Furthermore, while strong neutralizing activity was found to a genetically distant North American lineage H11 isolate, little hemagglutination inhibition activity was detected. This suggests that small structural changes between wild type H11 and cH11/1 as well as between Eurasian and North American lineage H11 HAs can strongly influence the functionality of the isolated monoclonal antibodies.
Is hepatic resection better than transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis

Background: The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) remains controversial. We compared the outcomes of hepatic resection (HR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: Comprehensive online databases search was performed. Comparative studies measuring survival in HCC patients with PVTT undergoing HR versus TACE were included. Pooled risk ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years. Study quality and heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Six studies comprising 1,320 patients were included. HR was done in 526 (39.8%) patients and TACE in 794 (60.2%) patients. Meta-analysis of all included studies showed improved OS in HR compared to TACE patients at 1-year (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16–1.92, P=0.002), 3-year (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.55–7.12, P=0.002) and 5-year (OR: 3.91, 95% CI: 1.42–10.77, P=0.008). Survival benefit conferred by HR was 7–33 months. This benefit was mostly noted in tumors with PVTT types I and II and those with single lesions. Age, ECOG status, and STROBE score did not contribute to differences in survival. Conclusions: Long-term survival outcomes of HCC with PVTT are superior in patients undergoing hepatectomy compared to TACE. Further experience with randomized clinical trials may be warranted to confirm these findings.
An (n) framework for internal coordinate molecular dynamics applicable to molecules with arbitrary constraints and geometries

ABSTRACTFor molecules with constraints such as fixed lengths and angles, it is more efficient to consider the molecular movement in the space of generalised internal coordinate than in Cartesian co...
Synthesis and structural characterization of bis(2-pyridylthio)(p-tolylthio)methyl zinc complexes and the catalytic hydrosilylation of CO2

Abstract Bis(2-pyridylthio)(p-tolylthio)methane, [BptmSTol]H, has been synthesized by treatment of a 2:1 mixture of 2-mercaptopyridine and p-thiocresol with NaH, followed by addition of CHI3. Access to zinc complexes is provided by the reaction of [BptmSTol]H with Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 to afford [BptmSTol]ZnN(SiMe3)2, from which the halide derivatives [BptmSTol]ZnX (X = Cl, Br, I) are obtained via reaction with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I), and the formate complex, [BptmSTol]ZnO2CH, is obtained by treatment with CO2 in the presence of PhSiH3. The molecular structures of [BptmSTol]ZnN(SiMe3)2, [BptmSTol]ZnX (X = Cl, Br, I) and [BptmSTol]ZnO2CH have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, which indicate that the four coordinate zinc centers adopt structures that are intermediate between idealized trigonal monopyramidal and seesaw geometries. [BptmSTol]ZnO2CH is a catalyst for the hydrosilylation of CO2 by (RO)3SiH at room temperature to afford the silyl formate, HCO2Si(OR)3.
P134 Mobile Apps for Hypertension Management: Cross-sectional Survey of Dietitian App Use in Patient Care

Background Mobile apps show promise for managing chronic diseases such as hypertension; however, more evidence is needed to understand how dietitians are using apps in hypertension care. Objective To classify dietitians’ incorporation of apps into dietary education for patients with hypertension. Study Design, Setting, Participants An online cross-sectional survey of registered dietitian nutritionists who work with patients with cardiovascular disease. Measurable Outcome/Analysis App use in hypertension diet education classified with descriptive statistics and Friedman tests with Bonferroni corrections. Dietitian characteristics impacting app use measured through stepwise regression. Results A total of 190 completed the survey. The DASH diet was the most common dietary approach used in hypertension education (P Conclusions Most dietitians are not specifically recommending apps for hypertension management. Those who do use an app are most likely to use MyFitnessPal. Future work should examine the effectiveness of using MyFitnessPal to reduce hypertension and barriers to dietitian satisfaction with apps.
What Have I Learned from Marx and What Still Stands

Should one read Marx today? Which of his theories survive the test of time and which should be abandoned? This article reviews four of Marx’s themes: the quest for material abundance, the compatibi...
On the feasibility of using physics-informed machine learning for underground reservoir pressure management

Abstract We evaluate the feasibility of using physics-informed machine learning (PIML) for underground energy-related pressure management. To this end, we develop a PIML framework to manage underground reservoir pressures by training neural networks to determine fluid extraction rates for dedicated extraction wells during fluid injection operations given a range of reservoir conditions (e.g., transmissivity and storativity). We implement an automatically-differentiable analytical physics model of fluid flow in porous media within the PIML framework as a proxy for more complicated models. This allows us to execute a sufficient number of training scenarios to fully evaluate the feasibility of using PIML to support pressure management activities. We quantify the number of physics-model parameters required for automatic differentiation to become more efficient than finite-difference gradient calculations. We use a simple scenario with a single injector, extractor, and critical location for our feasibility analysis. We evaluate the effect of the size of the training dataset (i.e., the number of reservoir condition samples) on the accuracy and efficiency of the PIML framework. For an equivalent number of model evaluations, the larger training dataset took less time to train and produced a neural network that was able to more accurately manage reservoir pressures. We also evaluate the effect of the training dataset batch size (i.e., number of reservoir condition samples used to update the neural network coefficients during training; i.e., how the training dataset is partitioned). While training ran faster with larger batch sizes, they produced neural networks that managed pressures less accurately. We demonstrate the approach on a more complex scenario involving 10 injectors, 10 extractors, and 4 critical locations (a relatively high well density of 20 wells/km2). We provide the number of forward and adjoint model evaluations required in each case as an indication of the feasibility of using PIML for pressure management when more complicated physics models with longer execution times are used.
Human Dignity and Power: Worker Struggles against Precarity in U.S. Agribusiness:

While precarious employment expands, instances of workers improving employment standards motivate examination of the dynamics of advancing decent work. This article analyzes cases of workers shifti...
‘One Fixed Point in a Changing Age’: Reframing the Sidekick

Miranda examines the complex role of the sidekick as the detective’s companion, protector, and sounding board, as well as the narrator and intermediary between the detective and the reader. With a focus on the unnamed narrator and companion of C. Auguste Dupin, featured in Edgar Allan Poe’s series of short detective stories, and Dr. John H. Watson, the loyal friend of the famous consulting detective Sherlock Holmes featured in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s detective stories, the chapter explores the ways in which the sidekick conveys the unique methods and extraordinary analytical skills used by these detectives to solve crimes, specifically the powers of observation and reasoning. Miranda demonstrates that, despite being portrayed as inferior to the detective, the sidekick convention is more complex and multifaceted. The chapter concludes by asserting that these characters are not only crucial to the unravelling of mysteries, but further lend themselves to setting a benchmark against which other sidekicks can be compared and contrasted.
Hrvatski narodni dan – društveni događaj u hrvatskom iseljeništvu

U radu se na osnovi iseljenickoga tiska Hrvatske seljacke stranke i relevantne literature analiziraju drustvena okupljanja iseljenika od 1945. do 1990. u organizaciji iseljenicke Hrvatske seljacke stranke koja su se održavala pod nazivom Hrvatski narodni dan. Prikazana je i sistematizirana kronologija održavanja Hrvatskoga narodnog dana od 1945. do 1990., znacenje i svrha održavanja manifestacije iz perspektive promidžbe Hrvatske seljacke stranke te struktura i tijek manifestacije na sam dan održavanja. Cilj rada jest doprinijeti istraživanju povijesti drustvenoga života hrvatskoga iseljenistva i politicke emigracije.
Defend, disrupt, and build: Guerrilla urbanist interventions and fighting gentrification in the barrio

This study proposes guerrilla urbanist interventions (GUIs) as a domain to analyze some seemingly more conflictual and confrontational anti-gentrification efforts in the barrio. The historic and theoretical foundation of guerrillas informs the spatial and political conceptualization of these more confrontational urban interventions. The research examines anti-gentrification efforts in Boyle Heights and Santa Ana, California through this guerrilla urbanist intervention framework and analyses data collected through interviews and participant observation, and archival data comprised of public videos, writings, and manifestos. The analysis surfaces themes of "Defense," "Disruption," and "Building" to explain GUI's mode of establishing a new sociopolitical terrain in the neighborhood. GUIs use disruptions to delegitimize processes of community engagement in planning and development and create political spaces to voice complaints against displacement through criminalization, deportation, and gentrification. GUIs also ignite their own public process to try and remove certain actors from the neighborhood. Although GUIs are small and temporary, they help surface the complex political and economic structures that gentrification easily masks through art, culture, and community-based organizations. Political and economic interests become visible enough for individuals to at least reevaluate longstanding alliances and call to question the specific interests of certain actors and processes.
Association Between Older Age and Increasing Gleason Score.

Abstract Introduction In order to help inform the discussion about the risks versus benefits of prostate cancer screening among older men, we determined whether advanced age is associated with a higher probability of harboring high-grade or high-risk disease. Patients and Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify 383,039 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2004-2011. The percentage of patients diagnosed with low-, intermediate-, or high-risk disease or a Gleason score of 6, 7, or 8 to 10 was calculated by age range. As a secondary analysis, we examined whether this relationship was different in 2010-2011 versus 2007-2008 (before and after the 2009 publication of screening trials). Results The probability of Gleason score 8 to 10 or high-risk disease increased significantly with increasing age. The percentage of Gleason score 8 to 10 disease among men ages 50 to 54, 70 to 74, and 80 to 84 years was 8.9%, 16.2%, and 28.5%, respectively, and the percentage of high-risk disease was 14.3%, 22.4%, and 38.7% (P Conclusion In this large US-based cohort, older men had a much higher probability of high-grade or high-risk prostate cancer. Physicians and patients should take into account the higher risk of more aggressive or advanced disease in older men when discussing the risks and benefits of prostate-specific antigen screening with healthy older men with a substantial life expectancy.
The relationship between duration of stay and readmissions in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Background Hospital readmissions are a quality indicator in bariatric surgery. In recent years, duration of stay after bariatric surgery has trended down greatly. We hypothesized that a shorter postoperative hospitalization does not increase the likelihood of readmission. Methods The University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) is an alliance of academic medical centers and affiliated hospitals. The UHC's clinical database contains information on inpatient stay and returns (readmissions) up to 30 days after discharge. A multicenter analysis of outcomes was performed by the use of data from the January 2009 to December 2013 for patients 18 years and older. Patients were identified by bariatric procedure International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes and restricted by diagnosis codes for morbid obesity. Results A total of 95,294 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 45.4 (±0.11) years, and 73,941 (77.6%) subjects were female. There were 5,423 (5.7%) readmissions within the study period. Patients with hospitalizations of 3 days and more than 3 days were twice and four times as likely to be readmitted than those with hospitalizations of one day, respectively ( P Conclusion Patients with longer postoperative hospitalizations were more likely to be readmitted after bariatric surgery. Early discharge does not appear to be associated with increased readmission rates.
Primitive Capitalist Accumulation: Russia as a Racket:

The function and structure of Sicilian institutions provide an historical lesson in how and why the Mafia flourished to the extent that attempts to imprison its leadership have threatened the stability of the very government that is tolling its death knell. Extrapolating from that experience, the work of Follain, Jousten, Varese and others provide the authors with a theoretical framework for understanding the dependency between the liberal democratic system being introduced in Russia today and the current mafia activity in that country. Crime, be it “organized” or not, is not new to Russia. Until ther breakup of the Republics, Western researchers knew little of its nature or its scope. Should the violence associated with Russian crime continue it may overwhelm the entire society or we may see an alliance of wealthy elites and multi-layered criminal conspiracies justaposed but miles apart from the non-criminal, “ordinary” citizens. The authors proffer from their experience in and with Russia several predic...
Biofeedback, pelvic floor re-education, and bladder training for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Abstract Objectives. Pelvic floor tension myalgia may contribute to the symptoms of male patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Therefore, measures that diminish pelvic floor muscle spasm may improve these symptoms. Based on this hypothesis, we enrolled 19 patients with CPPS in a 12-week program of biofeedback-directed pelvic floor re-education and bladder training. Methods. Pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom assessments included daily voiding logs, American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, and 10-point visual analog pain and urgency scores. Pressure-flow studies were obtained before treatment in most patients. Instruction in pelvic floor muscle contraction and relaxation was achieved using a noninvasive form of biofeedback at biweekly sessions. Home exercises were combined with a progressive increase in timed-voiding intervals. Results. Mean age of the 19 patients was 36 years (range 18 to 67). Four patients completed less than three treatment sessions, 5 patients completed three to five sessions, and 10 attended all six sessions. Mean follow-up was 5.8 months. Median AUA symptom scores improved from 15.0 to 7.5 ( P = 0.001), and median bother scores decreased from 5.0 to 2.0 ( P = 0.001). Median pain scores decreased from 5.0 to 1.0 ( P = 0.001), and median urgency scores decreased from 5.0 to 2.0 ( P = 0.002). Median voiding interval increased from 0.88 hours to 3.0 hours ( P = 0.003). Presence of detrusor instability, hypersensitivity to filling, or bladder-sphincter pseudodyssynergia on pretreatment urodynamic studies was not predictive of treatment results. Conclusions. This preliminary study confirms that a formalized program of neuromuscular re-education of the pelvic floor muscles together with interval bladder training can provide significant and durable improvement in objective measures of pain, urgency, and frequency in patients with CPPS.
Palliative surgery of soft tissue sarcoma

Despite an increasing trend towards early diagnosis of breast cancer,patients still present with locally advanced disease. Also, in some patients chemotherapy will fail, and local and regional recurrence will occur. This article outlines options for palliative care for such patients.
Prospects for LOFAR Observations of the Galactic Center

Continued improvements in existing low frequency radio interferometers are expected, but limits of sensitivity, angular resolution, and frequency range impose fundamental restrictions which cannot easily be overcome. This has inspired the development of the Low Frequency ARray (LOFAR) which will provide significantly increased imaging power over present low frequency systems. In light of advantages offered by recent low frequency observations of the Galactic center, we consider how LOFAR might impact the field by the end of this decade.
Twitter in Government: Building Relationships One Tweet at a Time

This research explores the adoption of Twitter by government organizations in the U.S. The recent growth of Twitter by government organizations makes it appear to be in the early adopter stage. As different government agencies utilize Twitter to extend their outreach to specific audiences, one finds novel uses for this communication medium. Since Twitter is designed to deliver short messages with a personal tone, extended conversations in which fragments of information about the users are revealed enable this channel to communicate the social presence of the users. Twitter is used in the governmental context not only for engaging stakeholders in conversation, but for building relationships by creating a social presence with these constituents. In addition to providing a status update and conversation, Twitter can be used for reporting news, sharing information, providing information sources, and coordinating projects. Since Twitter is easily accessed by wireless devices, the reach of this medium is expanded. In all, Twitter is a unique new medium enabling many novel and powerful uses for government applications.
What's Missing from Collaborative Search?

Research shows that people frequently try to search for information with other people. The fact that no user interface for collaborative searching has yet caught fire suggests that the best parts of the design space have yet to be investigated.
Umbilical arterial thrombosis with vascular wall necrosis: Clinicopathologic findings of 11 cases

Thrombosis of umbilical cord vessels is associated with a high perinatal mortality. Most cases are venous thrombi, arterial thrombi are uncommon. To clarify clinical and pathological features of this entity, we reviewed 11 cases with umbilical artery thrombosis. The gestational ages were 33-40 (mean 36.8) weeks. Three cases (38%) were associated with severe intrauterine growth retardation and two cases (25%) led to intrauterine fetal deaths. All cases had completely occlusive thrombi of one umbilical artery. The arteries with thrombosis demonstrated partial necrosis of vascular wall. The pathogenesis is unclear, but nine cases (82%) had cord abnormalities (long cord, peripheral cord insertion, short cord with twist, funisitis). This paper is the first report of clinical and pathological features of umbilical artery thrombosis. The results of this study confirm the clinical importance and unique histological findings of umbilical artery thrombosis. The recognition of umbilical artery thrombosis is necessary to establish the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Proposed configurations for a high-repetition-rate position-sensitive atom probe

Abstract We consider the means available for dramatically increasing the data collection rate and mass resolution for position-sensitive atom probes. We conclude that thermal pulsing offers the best opportunity for improving these parameters. Pulsed electron beams can provide the thermal pulses, but will require very high current densities in small probes. Pulsed photon beam systems focused with reflecting objectives offer higher performance and simpler construction than existing laser pulsing systems. A position-sensitive detector using a wedge-and-strip anode, multichannel plates, and high-speed electronics provides necessary speed and resolution for single events. Hybrid multi-element detectors with integrated charge separation electronics handle multiple events at high repetition rates. Aquisition rates of 10 6 atoms per second should be achievable with systems incorporating these design elements.
Influence of Production and Bioassay Methods on Infectivity of Two Ambush Foragers (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)☆

The influence of production and bioassay methods on infectivity of two ambush foragers, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema scapterisci, was evaluated. Both species were mass-produced in vitro in liquid culture and in vivo using live insects: S. carpocapsae in last instar wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae and S. scapterisci in adult house crickets Acheta domesticus. Infectivity was assessed at 28 degreesC against last-instar G. mellonella larvae using a filter-paper bioassay and a newly developed "sand-well" bioassay. The infectivity of S. carpocapsae was not influenced by the method of production or bioassay, whereas the infectivity of S. scapterisci was influenced by both factors. Both in vivo and in vitro produced S. carpocapsae caused >60% larval mortality at one nematode per larva (1:1) in the filter-paper bioassay, but S. scapterisci elicited less than 10% mortality. At 50 nematodes per larva, in vitro S. scapterisci caused 41.7% mean larval mortality in the filter-paper bioassay, whereas in vivo S. scapterisci elicited only 28.5% mortality. The replacement of filter paper with a 2.5-mm-deep layer of sand (termed sand well) resulted in 2.5-fold increase in infectivity of S. scapterisci. In the new sand-well procedure, 15 S. scapterisci per larva (15:1) caused an overall mean larval mortality of 47.5% and the pattern of mortality showed a normal distribution. The infectivity of S. carpocapsae was not different in the 1:1 filter paper or 1:1 sand-well bioassay. These results demonstrate that nematode infectivity could be strongly influenced by both the production and bioassay methods, and there are no universal assays even when nematodes have similar foraging strategies. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Classification of mud volcanoes in the South Caspian Basin, offshore Azerbaijan

Abstract A 2D seismic grid in the South Caspian Basin, offshore Azerbaijan, is used to define the areal distribution of mud volcanoes and to make a classification of the mud volcanoes based on characteristic seismic features. A high concentration of mud volcanoes is observed at the southern part of the study area that coincides with the distribution of subsurface structures within the basin. Mud volcanoes with low relief (several tens of meters) are concentrated primarily in the northeastern portion of the study area; mud volcanoes with large vertical relief (greater than 200 m) are clustered in the southwest part of the basin. Mud volcano development in the South Caspian Basin is generally linked to faults, which in some instances are detached at the basement level. The seismic database allows us to determine the relative timing of mud flows and gives us valuable information about mechanisms of mud volcanism within the South Caspian Basin. The cycles of mud volcano activity coincides with time of high sedimentation rates, regional contraction episode and a major stage for hydrocarbon generation. Mud volcano formation within the South Caspian Basin is primarily controlled by compressional tectonic forces and overpressured sediments. Mud volcano activity may not always be related to the Maykop organic rich shale succession (Late Oligocene–Lower Miocene) but may also occur at shallower stratigraphic zones.
Yield and Botanical Composition of Legume‐Interseeded vs. Nitrogen‐fertilized Switchgrass

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has a relatively high N requirement for high yields of quality forage. It is not clear what role legumes can play in supplying this N and in improving herbage yield when grown in association with switchgrass. To evaluate cool-season legume renovation vs. N fertilization of established switchgrass, 10 forage legumes and a legume mixture were compared with 0, 60, 120, and 240 kg N ha -1 . Forage yield and botanical composition of basal ( 20 cm) canopy were compared at Ames, IA, on a Webster silty clay loam (mesic Typic Haplaquoll). Legumes were no-till interseeded in early April ; N was applied before mid-May. Legume renovation did not affect June yield during the establishment year (Y1), but produced 9% greater yields than 0-N grass in July. N fertilization increased upper-canopy grass yield 2.4-fold compared with 0 N and legume renovation during Y1. During the second year (Y2) of 1991 seedings, all legume treatments except crownvetch (Coronilla valid L.) produced more total-season upper-canopy yield than grass fertilized with 240 kg N. For 1992 seedings, birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), Mammoth red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and trefoil-red clover mixture had Y2 yields that equaled or exceeded yield for 240 kg N. Mean legume composition of Y2 upper canopy for June, July, and August was 84, 70, and 51%, respectively, in 1991 seedings and 53, 28, and 27% in weather-damaged stands of 1992 seedings. Y2 yields for interseeded legumes provided significant improvement over 120 or 240 kg ha -1 N, so cool-season legumes can substitute for N fertilization after the seeding year. Adequate defoliation in early June is important to minimize legume competition to established switchgrass. Livestock producers should renovate only a portion of switchgrass pastures in a single year, because of a shortfall in forage supply during legume establishment compared with that of N-fertilized grass.
Affinity of monoclonal antibodies for Globo-series glycans

Abstract Globo-series glycans are human cell-surface carbohydrates that include stem-cell marker SSEA-4 and cancer-cell antigen Globo H. These two hexasaccharides differ only in their terminal saccharide: N -acetylneuraminic acid in SSEA-4 and l -fucose in Globo H. Herein, we evaluated the affinity of the monoclonal antibodies α-SSEA-4 and α-GH for the glycans SSEA-4 and Globo H. Using fluorescence polarization, we find that the two monoclonal antibodies have affinity for their cognate glycan in the low nanomolar range, and have negligible affinity for the non-cognate glycan. Using surface plasmon resonance, we find that each cognate affinity is ∼20-fold greater if the glycan is immobilized on a surface rather than free in solution. We conclude that the terminal saccharide plays a dominant role in the ability of monoclonal antibodies to recognize these Globo-series glycans and that the extraordinary specificity of these antibodies supports their use for identifying and sorting stem-cells (α-SSEA-4) and as an agent in cancer immunotherapy (α-GH).
Two-dimensional Bayesian estimate of images

A dynamic model for pictorial data that can be represented by a random field of an exponential autocorrelation function is developed. A partial difference equation describes the dynamic model and is used to realize a two-dimensional recursive filter that gives a Bayesian-estimate of the pictorial data from a noisy observation of the data. It is assumed that the noise is additive, white, and uncorrelated with the signal. Practical application of the estimation technique is illustrated by applying the results to enhance several pictures. A comparison of this technique and its one-dimensional counterpart (Kalman filter) is made, and generalization of the estimation technique to other autoregressive sources is considered.
“Forward to Haydn!”: Schenker's Politics and the German Revival of Haydn

Abstract While Heinrich Schenker consistently espoused the superiority of the German masterworks, his biases toward Haydn9s works laid the groundwork for a reversal of nearly a century of neglect toward that composer9s music in German-speaking lands. The circumstances of Schenker9s personal life together with his reaction to the socioeconomic and political pressures created by the harsh terms imposed on Germany and Austria by the Treaties of Versailles and Saint-Germain led him to make the restoration of Haydn9s stature as a compositional genius a crucial battle in his fight to reclaim German identity in the wake of the First World War. His mentorship of Anthony van Hoboken, who in turn underwrote Schenker9s publications, created a partnership that redefined the cultural significance of Haydn9s music and provided for the preservation of numerous Haydn autographs. Schenker9s writings on Haydn refuted popular myths on the composer and replaced them with detailed arguments rooted in analysis in an effort to demonstrate the composer9s musical significance to a nation in crisis specifically and the world at large.
Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: An Observational Study

Background For mothers with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends immunoprophylaxis to decrease perinatal transmission. However, its effectiveness and risk factors for failure have not been well-studied in community practice. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of a contemporary immunoprophylaxis protocol. Design Observational study. Setting An HBV perinatal immunoprophylaxis program within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Patients 4446 infants born to 3253 HBV-positive mothers between 1997 and 2010. Measurements Adherence to immunoprophylaxis, follow-up testing rates, maternal risk factors for HBV transmission, and transmission rates. Results The infant infection rate was 0.75 per 100 births from 1997 to 2010 (Poisson 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.10). Rates per 100 births were 3.37 (CI, 2.08 to 5.14) for e antigen-positive mothers and 0.04 (CI, 0.001 to 0.24) for e antigen-negative mothers. Among mothers with viral load testing, the lowest level associated with transmission was 6.32 × 107 IU/mL. Infection rates per 100 births were 3.61 (CI, 0.75 to 10.56) among the 83 births to mothers with viral loads of 5 × 107 IU/mL or greater and 0 among the 831 births to mothers with viral loads less than 5 × 107 IU/mL, regardless of e antigen status. Limitations Testing for HBV immunity and infection was less complete in earlier years. Viral load testing was only consistently available starting in 2007. Conclusion Prenatal HBV screening followed by postnatal prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing vertical transmission of HBV. A negative e antigen status or a viral load less than 5 × 107 IU/mL (90.9% of women tested) identifies women at extremely low risk for transmission after immunoprophylaxis who are unlikely to benefit from further interventions. Primary funding source Kaiser Permanente Community Benefit and National Institutes of Health.
Some remarks on a paper of Aronszajn and Panitchpakdi

In the paper of the title [1], a number of problems are posed. Ne­ gative solutions of two of them (Problems 2 and 3) are derived in a straightforward way from a paper of L. Gillman and the present author [2]. Motivation will not be supplied since it is given amply in [1], but enough definitions are given to keep the presentation reasonably self­ contained. 1. A Hausdorff space X is said to satisfy (Qm), where m is an in finite cardinal, if, whenever U and V are disjoint open subsets of X such that each is a union of the closures of less than m open subsets of X, then U and V have disjoint closures. In particular, a normal (Hausdorff) space X satisfies (Q*,) if and only if disjoint open F.-SUbsets of X have disjoint closures. (For, an open set that is the union of less than ~, closed sets is a fortiori an F.. Conversely if U is the union of countably many closed subsets Fo> then since X is normal, for each n there is an open set Un containing Fn whose closure is contained in U. Thus U is the union of the closures of the open sets Un.) In Prob­ lem 3 of [1], it is asked if every compact (HaUSdorff) space satisfying (Qm) for some m>~o is necessarily totally disconnected, and it is re­ marked that this is the case if the first axiom of countability is also as­ sumed. If X is a completely regular space, let C(X) denote the ring of all continuous real-valued functions on X, and let Z(f)= {x EX: f(x)=O}, let P(f)={xEX:f(x»O}, and let N(f)=P(-f). As usual, let (IX denote the Stone-Cech compactification of X. If every finitely generated ideal of C(X) is a principal ideal, then X is called an F-space. The fol­ lowing are equivalent. ( i) X is an F-space. ( ii) If f E C(X), then P(f) and NU) are completely separated [2, Theorem 2.3]. (iii) If f E C(X), then every bounded g E C(X-ZU» has an ex­ tension g E C(X) [2, Theorem 2.6]. A good supply of compact F-spaces is provided by the fact that if X is locally compact and ,,-compact, then {lX-X is an F-space [2, Theo­ rem 2.7].
Environmental, cultural, economic and socio-community sustainability: a framework for sustainable tourism in resort destinations

This paper utilizes an inclusive community based sustainability framework with a focus on a resort destination in providing a potential model for more inclusive long-range destination planning and implementation. Four diverse, but interrelated areas of sustainable tourism were specified in this framework for a more comprehensive process including ecological, cultural, economic and socio-community sustainability. In addition a strategic community driven structure, which provides direction, information and practices, serves the purpose of integrating and implementing the framework. The unique tourism destination, Noosa in Australia is used as an example of embracing sustainable tourism as a community and as part of a larger focus on the four key components of sustainability. By viewing sustainable community attributes as assets, all of which are important to manage, enhance and/or conserve, it is expected that the resort community will continue to attract visitors to feel connected and committed to experiencing its lifestyle, sense-of-community and natural features while also contributing to community sustainable stewardship and a strong tourism economy.
Fluorescence spectra of chlorella in the 295–77°K range☆

Abstract A relation of fluorescence spectra of Chlorella (in the 295–77°K range) to the changes in the phase of the ice is suggested in this paper. When Chlorella cells are first cooled to 77°K and then warmed slowly, the change of the fluorescence intensity as a function of temperature is different for different bands as earlier reported in spinach chloroplasts. In the 80–150°K range, the F698 decreases rapidly, F687 remains almost unchanged, and f680 increases; above 150°K (the temperature at which ice changes from vitreous to cubic phase), F687 decreases more rapidly than any other band. The F725, that decreases smoothly in the 77–295°K range, is composed of several bands (F717 and F725). If Chlorella cells are first cooled to 77°K, and then warmed to 260°K, and recooled to 77°K before melting, f685, f698 and f730 — but not f717 — are lowered; this fluorescence decrease is not due to changes in the reabsorption of fluorescence or to major changes in the cellular structure due to freezing. The F698 band is greatly influenced by the aqueous environment; the phase of the ice and the addition of polar solvents (10% dimethylsulfoxide) greatly influence it. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that F698 is from an energy trap (at low temperatures) of System II.
Left Ventricular Function

Many of the substitute endpoints used in clinical research on heart disease are parameters obtained using imaging techniques. The most frequently used endpoint is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). At rest and at peak aerobic exercise, left ventricular contractility measurements can be obtained in a clinical setting by noninvasive methods [1], usually employing M-mode echocardiography which is the most frequently used method to evaluate left ventricular function in clinical trials. The ultrasound-derived measurements of left ventricular internal minor axis throughout the cardiac cycle are very frequently estimated visually. There are three important noninvasive variables to evaluate left ventricular function measurements at rest and during exercise: (a) Systolic blood pressure over left ventricular end-systolic volume ratio (P/V), which can be obtained by echocardiography and radionuclide methods, (b) Doppler measurements, and (c) the relationship between diastolic volume of the ventricle and its stroke volume, that is, ejection indices: The relative reduction in cavity size, expressed as ejection fraction or shortening fraction which can be obtained by echocardiography and radionuclide methods. These measurements can provide very important information for prescribing exercise intensity and following exercise training programs in athletes, health subjects, and cardiac patients. These three methods were previously employed in order to detect changes in left ventricular function at rest and during dynamic aerobic, anaerobic, and isometric exercises. In addition, the development of high resolution ultrasonic imaging and Doppler ultrasound has made it possible to measure transmitral and aortic flow patterns – which measure left ventricular diastolic and systolic function – noninvasively.
The identification of ceramides and glyceryl ethers in unsaponifiable lipid of human aorta.

Abstract Unsaponifiable material from a lipid fraction isolated from atherosclerotic human aorta, contained cerebrosides, which had been previously identified, ceramides, and glycerol ethers, as well as other, still unidentified, substances. Identification of the ceramides and glycerol ethers was made primarily by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ceramides were present with the fatty acids 16:0, 23:0, 24:0, and 24:1. Other fatty acids were found which were probably primarily associated with ceramides. These acids were 18:0, 18:1, 20:0, 22:0, and 25:0. The glycerol ethers were 1-glycerol ethers of the fatty alcohols 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1. Glycerol ethers may well have been formed from diacylglycerol ethers during the isolation procedure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetal and Neonatal Central Nervous System

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Compare and contrast magnetic resonance technology with computed tomography and ultrasonography. 2. Delineate the primary clinical uses of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion magnetic resonance, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion imaging. 3. Describe the primary uses of magnetic resonance imaging in congenital and developmental abnormalities, neurovascular disease, trauma, infections, inflammatory processes, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of several neuroimaging technologies used to diagnose fetal and neonatal central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. It can aid in differentiating static from progressive encephalopathies and in diagnosing such conditions as congenital and developmental abnormalities, trauma, neurovascular disease, infections and inflammatory processes, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Although it also is helpful in diagnosing neoplastic processes, which are rare but important causes of progressive encephalopathy, these presentations are not considered in this article. MR, which employs magnetic fields and radiowaves, is a less invasive imaging technology than ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear medicine (NM), but it is more expensive. In contrast to the other modalities, which derive their signals from single parameters, the MR signal is derived exponentially from multiple parameters (eg, T1, T2, proton density, T2*, proton flow, proton relaxation enhancement, chemical shift, and molecular diffusion). MR also employs many more basic imaging techniques than other modalities, including spin echo, inversion recovery, gradient echo, and chemical shift imaging methods. Advancing MR capabilities have improved its sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, particularly compared with US, CT, and NM. Among these advanced capabilities are the flow-attenuated inversion recovery technique (FLAIR), fat suppression short inversion time-inversion recovery imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging for increased structural resolution. Fast and ultrafast MR imaging techniques (fast spin echo, fast gradient echo, echo planar imaging) have reduced imaging times, improved structural resolution, and provided functional imaging. Specific applications …
An H 2 -matrix-based integral-equation solver of linear complexity for large-scale electromagnetic analysis

State-of-the-art integral-equation based computational electromagnetic methods rely on techniques that can perform a matrix-vector multiplication in O(NlogN) operations, with N being the matrix size. In this work, a fast integral-equation-based solver was developed for solving large-scale electrodynamic problems. Both memory consumption and time complexity were shown to be O(N). The superior performance applies to any arbitrarily shaped 3D structure. Numerical results demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.
Synthesis of (S,R,R,S,R,S)-4,6,8,10,16,18- hexamethyldocosane from Antitrogus parvulus via diastereoselective hydrogenations.

The hydrocarbon 1 was prepared via a series of catalyst-controlled diastereoselective hydrogenations beginning with fragments derived from the Roche ester.
Tumor necrosis factor is involved in chlorpyrifos - Induced changes in core temperature in the female rat

Abstract Chlorpyrifos (CHP), an OP-based pesticide, induces hypothermia in the rat followed by a fever that persists for several days. The cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), is induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and released during fever and has both pyrogenic and cryogenic (i.e. antipyretic) properties. Administering antibodies to TNF (anti-TNF) is known to disrupt fever from infection. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether anti-TNF also disrupts CHP-induced changes in body temperature of the female Long–Evans rat. A positive effect would suggest a role of TNF in the etiology of OP toxicity. In study one, rats were given either saline or anti-TNF (50 000 units, ip). Three hours later, animals were given corn oil (CO) or 25 mg/kg CHP by oral gavage in the morning. In study two, rats were given anti-TNF followed by CO or 10 mg/kg CHP in the afternoon. Core temperature and motor activity were monitored continuously by telemetry. In study one, anti-TNF (50 000 units) had no effect on the hypothermic response to 25 mg/kg CHP. However, anti-TNF treated animals maintained higher fevers 3 days (48–96 h post-injection) after CHP treatment. In study two, anti-TNF attenuated the hypothermic response induced by 10 mg/kg CHP but had no effect on the magnitude of the delayed fever. Overall, 25 mg/kg CHP elicited a longer period of hypothermia and delayed fever compared to 10 mg/kg CHP. Anti-TNF pretreatment attenuated the hypothermic response at the lower CHP dose and exacerbated the fever at the higher CHP dose. Anti-TNF also attenuated the hypothermic effect of high doses of LPS and exacerbated LPS-induced fever. These data indicate that endogenously produced TNF is involved in the etiology of CHP mediated hypothermia and fever.