cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Engagement Competence for Public Child Welfare: Results of an Inter-University Simulation Project

Strong clinical competence is required for the successful engagement of clients in public child welfare. Successful engagement is associated with increasing positive outcomes for families. Three universities partnered to implement a simulation based learning (SBL) project to better prepare Title IV-E students in engagement competence when working with clients in public child welfare. Over three years, 70 students participated in a two scenario Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) interviewing an adolescent and her mother regarding an allegation of abuse with post interview reflection and feedback. The project was assessed using standardized rating tools and post interview reflection responses. Students consistently performed better with the adolescent than with the mother who presented with more resistance. Performance improved when completing the OSCE twice during an academic year and when specific learning modules were added. Student management of emotional regulation, interviewing challenges, and inconsistent awareness of diversity emerged as themes from student responses. Findings suggest transfer of learning from classroom to practice situations continues to be challenging. SBL can provide an important bridge by creating practice scenarios that challenge student emotional regulation, interviewing skills, and application of culturally responsive practice in a safe and controlled environment while providing rich opportunities for student learning and development. Increased collaboration between the academy and field internship sites are needed to maximize the potential of the SBL experience.
Ascites

Ascites is the most common presentation of decompensated cirrhosis, and its development heralds a poor prognosis, with a 50% 2-year survival rate. Effective first-line therapy for ascites includes sodium restriction (2 g/d), use of diuretics, and large-volume paracentesis (LVP). Ideally, a combination of a loop-acting diuretic (eg, furosemide) and a distal-acting diuretic (eg, spironolactone) is used. LVP has the advantage of producing immediate relief from ascites and its associated symptoms. When 5 L or more ascitic fluid is removed, albumin (6 to 8 g per liter of fluid removed) should be administered intravenously to minimize hemodynamic and renal dysfunction. The development of refractory ascites is particularly ominous, and 50% of such patients die within 6 months of its development. Liver transplantation is the only effective therapy for patients with refractory ascites associated with cirrhosis; unfortunately, this therapy is not available for many of those with refractory ascites. Other therapies that are available include LVP, peritoneovenous shunts, and transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunts (TIPS). LVP alleviates ascites rapidly, but ascites recurs universally, requiring repeated hospitalizations and paracenteses and decreasing patient quality of life. Peritoneovenous shunts rarely are used due to their high complication rate and tendency to become occluded. Recently, the use of TIPS has been shown to be an effective therapy for patients with refractory ascites. It is most effective when liver function is relatively well preserved. On the other hand, TIPS may hasten death in those with advanced liver failure. TIPS has not been shown to have a clear-cut beneficial effect on survival in patients with refractory ascites. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is the most common complication of ascites and is associated with a worsening hyperdynamic circulation and a mortality rate of approximately 20%. Following an episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the 1-year mortality rate approaches 70%. Patients at risk should be considered for prophylaxis with an orally administered quinolone (eg, norfloxacin). Alternatives include trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Active spontaneous bacterial peritonitis should be treated with an intravenously administered third-generation cephalosporins (eg, cefotaxime) in most circumstances.
How Does Size Matter? Investigating the Relationship Among Plant Size, Industrial Structure, and Manufacturing Productivity

Industrial concentration and market power have been studied extensively at the national scale, in fields ranging from economics and industrial organization to regional science and economic development. At the regional scale, however, industrial structure and firm size relationships have received little attention outside of non-generalizable case studies, primarily because accurate measurements require difficult-to-obtain plant- or firm-level information. Readily available secondary data sources on establishment size distributions (such as County Business Patterns or the Census of Manufactures) cannot be linked to performance information for particular establishments or firms. Yet region-specific industrial structure may be a crucial determinant of firm performance and thus regional economic fortunes as well (Chinitz 1961; Christopherson and Clark 2007).This paper examines how industrial concentration and agglomeration economies impact plant performance, focusing on the influence of establishment size in mediating these effects. The Longitudinal Research Database of the U.S. Census Bureau is accessed to construct production functions for three manufacturing industries nationwide. These production functions, specified at the establishment level, incorporate characteristics of establishments, industries, and regions, including spatially-differentiated measures of agglomeration economies. Establishment size is evaluated both as an absolute metric and relative to other regional industry plants, as theory suggests that absolute size may be most pertinent to agglomeration benefits but relative size more relevant to industrial structure (Caves and Barton 1990; Bothner 2005). The research builds on earlier work by the author that establishes a direct link between regional industry concentration and the productivity of manufacturing establishments.
San Fermín: aggregating large data sets using a binomial swap forest

San Fermin is a system for aggregating large amounts of data from the nodes of large-scale distributed systems. Each San Fermin node individually computes the aggregated result by swapping data with other nodes to dynamically create its own binomial tree. Nodes that fall behind abort their trees, thereby reducing overhead. Having each node create its own binomial tree makes San Fermin highly resilient to failures and ensures that the internal nodes of the tree have high capacity, thereby reducing completion time. Compared to existing solutions, San Fermin handles large aggregations better, has higher completeness when nodes fail, computes the result faster, and has better scalability. We analyze the completion time, completeness, and overhead of San Fermin versus existing solutions using analytical models, simulation, and experimentation with a prototype built on peer-to-peer system deployed on PlanetLab. Our evaluation shows that San Fermin is scalable both in the number of nodes and in the aggregated data size. San Fermin aggregates large amounts of data significantly faster than existing solutions: compared to SDIMS, an existing aggregation system, San Fermin computes a 1MB result from 100 PlanetLab nodes in 61-76% of the time and from 2-6 times as many nodes. Even if 10% of the nodes fail during aggregation, San Fermin still includes the data from 97% of the nodes in the result and does so faster than the underlying peer-to-peer system recovers from failures.
Modelling Discrete Event Sequences as State Transition Diagrams

Discrete event sequences have been modeled with two types of representation: snapshots and overviews. Snapshot models describe the process as a collection of relatively short sequences. Overview models collect key relationships into a single structure, providing an integrated but abstract view. This paper describes a new algorithm for constructing one type of overview model: state transition diagrams. The algorithm, called State Transition Dependency Detection (STDD), is the latest in a family of statistics based algorithms for modeling event sequences called Dependency Detection. We present accuracy results for the algorithm on synthetic data and data from the execution of two AI systems.
Intensive care management of acute asthma in children

In Reply.— We appreciate Dr Krohn9s interest in our review of the intensive are management of acute asthma in children. We certainly agree that the death of the 17-year-old boy, while he was working a a restaurant, may have been due to acute anaphylaxis, possibly related to ingestion of sulfites and monosodium glutamate.
Bandit-Based Online Candidate Selection for Adjustable Autonomy

In many robot navigation scenarios, the robot is able to choose between some number of operating modes. One such scenario is when a robot must decide how to trade-off online between human and tele-operation control. When little prior knowledge about the performance of each operator is known, the robot must learn online to model their abilities and be able to take advantage of the strengths of each. We present a bandit-based online candidate selection algorithm that operates in this adjustable autonomy setting and makes choices to optimize overall navigational performance. We justify this technique through such a scenario on logged data and demonstrate how the same technique can be used to optimize the use of high-resolution overhead data when its availability is limited.
Hydrolytic properties of the four small intestinal mucosal α-glucosidases on disaccharides with different linkages and compositions (LB433)

The mucosal α-glucosidases in the small intestine, consisting of maltase, glucoamylase, sucrase, and isomaltase, are the major enzymes that digest carbohydrates to monosaccharides (e.g., glucose an...
Applying Biometric Growth Curve Models to Developmental Synchronies in Cognitive Development: The Louisville Twin Study

Biometric latent growth curve models were applied to data from the LTS in order to replicate and extend Wilson's (Child Dev 54:298-316, 1983) findings. Assessments of cognitive development were available from 8 measurement occasions covering the period 4-15 years for 1032 individuals. Latent growth curve models were fit to percent correct for 7 subscales: information, similarities, arithmetic, vocabulary, comprehension, picture completion, and block design. Models were fit separately to WPPSI (ages 4-6 years) and WISC-R (ages 7-15). Results indicated the expected increases in heritability in younger childhood, and plateaus in heritability as children reached age 10 years. Heritability of change, per se (slope estimates), varied dramatically across domains. Significant genetic influences on slope parameters that were independent of initial levels of performance were found for only information and picture completion subscales. Thus evidence for both genetic continuity and genetic innovation in the development of cognitive abilities in childhood were found.
Accelerated first-pass perfusion CMR using compressed sensing with regional spatiotemporal sparsity

Background CMR perfusion images demonstrate complex dynamic behavior resulting from signal intensity changes during the first pass of gadolinium as well as motion from imperfect breathholding and gating. Reconstruction algorithms such as kt-PCA and compressed sensing (CS) techniques such as kt-Sparsity and Low-Rankness (kt-SLR) assume that a few spatiotemporal basis functions can model this intricate behavior [1,2]. However, these techniques are sensitive to motion, as the basis functions do not accurately describe the complete dynamics of the entire image set. We propose a novel method that utilizes regional sparsity by dividing the images into regions. With this approach, the simplified dynamics of smaller regions can be better described by a limited number of basis functions. This method was tested on in vivo images and simulated data, and the results were compared to kt-SLR [1], a CS method that uses global sparsity.
Fluorescent Staining of Bacteria: Viability and Antibody Labeling

This appendix presents several methods for using fluorescence to evaluate bacterial viability and to explore the cell surface for the presence of various antigens for diagnostic and taxonomic purposes. The use of fluorescent labeling will allow fast and accurate analysis and monitoring of microbial populations in ecological and clinical environments.
On admissible communalities in factor analysis.

A set of inequalities on communalities developed by Darroch [1] is used to provide some rules for determining admissible sets of communalities in factor analysis.
Columbia Division of War Research and the work of Ewing, Worzel, and Pekeris

Three University laboratories were established in WWII to conduct underwater acoustics research, in response to widespread attacks on allied shipping by German submarines; the Columbia University Division of War Research, Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory, and the University of California Division of War Research, and the last two of these are being discussed by other speakers in this session. During the war, outstanding work was done at Columbia by Maurice Ewing, J. Lamar Worzel, and C. L. Pekeris, which has been summarized in the book, Propagation of Sound in the Ocean. Experiments utilizing explosive sources were done at sea in 1943 and 1944, in both shallow and deep water, off the east coast of the United States, with the USS Saluda (IX87) and other vessels, in cooperation with the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory. Pekeris is noted for his wave theoretic analysis of the shallow water propagation results and is credited with being the first to apply normal mode theory to shallow water waveguides. Ewing and Worzel are noted for their development of some of the first long range ocean acoustics experiments, which continue to this day in similar context and importance. Some highlights of this work are presented to illustrate the beginnings of long range underwater acoustic propagation research in the United States.
Temperature dependence of hardness in yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals

The temperature dependence of hardness and microcracking in single-crystal 9.5-mol pct-Y2O3-fully-stabilized cubic-ZrO2 was studied as a function of orientation. Crack lengths increased with increased temperature up to 500 C; above 800 C, no cracks were found, indicating an indentation brittle-to-ductile transition of about 800 C. The temperature dependence of hardness was reduced around 500 C. Etching studies to delineate the plastic zone around and below indents identified the operative slip systems. The role of dislocations and their interactions within the plastic zone on the hardness and indentation fracture behavior of cubic-ZrO2 are discussed.
Gynecologic conditions in participants in the NSABP breast cancer prevention study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR).

Objective This study reports the gynecologic conditions in postmenopausal women (intact uterus on enrollment) in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR)/P-2 trial. Study Design This study, with a median follow-up period of 81 months, evaluated the incidence rates/risks of gynecologic conditions among women who were treated with tamoxifen and raloxifene. Results Compared with women who received tamoxifen therapy, women who received raloxifene therapy had a lower incidence of uterine cancer (relative risk, 0.55)/endometrial hyperplasia (relative risk, 0.19), leiomyomas (relative risk, 0.55), ovarian cysts (relative risk, 0.60), and endometrial polyps (relative risk, 0.30) and had fewer procedures performed. Women receiving tamoxifen therapy had more hot flashes ( P P P Conclusion Our results suggest that tamoxifen has more of an estrogenic effect on the gynecologic reproductive organs. These effects should be considered in counseling women on options for breast cancer prevention.
Allelic discrimination by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract Ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on alkylated non-porous poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) particles allows the resolution of single-stranded DNA molecules of identical size (
Does calcium influx regulate melatonin production through the circadian pacemaker in chick pineal cells? Effects of nitrendipine, Bay K 8644, Co2+, Mn2+, and low external Ca2+

We have recently described a system, using dispersed chick pineal cells in static culture, which displays a persistent, photosensitive, circadian rhythm of melatonin production and release. Here, we describe the effects of nitrendipine (NTR) (a dihydropyridine ‘antagonist’ of L-type calcium channels), Bay K 8644 (BK) (a dihydropyridine calcium channel ‘agonis’), cobalt and manganese ions (both inorganic calcium channel blockers), and low external calcium concentrations, on the melatonin rhythm. NTR inhibited and BK stimulated melatonin output; they were potent and effective. Co2+, Mn2+, and low external Ca2+ markedly inhibited melatonin output. These results support a role for calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-type) in the regulation of the melatonin production. Four or 8 h pulses of white light or darkness, in otherwise constant red light, cause, in addition to acute effects, phase-dependent phase shifts of the melatonin rhythm in subsequent cycles. Such phase shifts indicate an effect on (proximal to) the pacemaker generating the rhythm. Four or 8 h pulses of NTR, BK, Co2+, however, did not appreciably alter the phase of subsequent melatonin cycles. Neither did BK interfere with phase shifts induced by light pulses. Mn2+ pulses did induce phase-dependent phase shifts, but, unlike those evoked by light or dark pulses, these were all delays. Such effects of Mn2+ in other systems have been attributed to, and are characteristic of, ‘metabolic inhibitors’. On balance, the results fail to support a prominent role for calcium influx in regulating the pacemaker underlying the circadian rhythm in chick pineal cells. Rather, calcium influx appears to regulate melatonin production primarily by acting on the melatonin-synthesizing apparatus, distal to the pacemaker.
A GPIB controlled EE lab-three years of experience

The author discusses three years of experience with the control of instrumentation utilizing GPIB (general-purpose interface bus) control in undergraduate electrical engineering laboratories. A number of conclusions are offered which may be useful for other institutions contemplating going in this direction. At this time the assessment is that the results have been generally positive. Some applications have been quite successful, others have not. >
SUPPORT VARIETIES FOR THE STEENROD ALGEBRA

In recent years the spectrum of the cohomology ring has been a fundamental object of interest in the study of modular group cohomology. Quillen [Q1-2] proved that this variety can be expressed as a disjoint union of locally closed varieties involving elementary abelian subgroups. Avrunin and Scott [AS] later generalized Quillen’s result for varieties associated to modules defined by Carlson [C1]. For restricted Lie algebra cohomology no such stratification theorem exists. Friedlander and Parshall [FP1-2] have shown that the cohomological varieties in this context can be realized as subvarieties of the given Lie algebra when viewed as an affine space. Fix a prime p and let A be the mod p Steenrod algebra. The cohomology of A, ExtA(Fp,Fp), is an object of much interest in algebraic topology. One way to study the cohomology ring is to approximate A by finite-dimensional sub-Hopf algebras and then try to compute their cohomology rings. By a theorem of Wilkerson [W], the cohomology of any of these finite-dimensional Hopf algebras is a finitely generated commutative Fp-algebra; hence one can get a great deal of information (as in the case of groups and Lie algebras) by studying the spectrum of this ring. One of the goals of this paper will be to show how the aforementioned results for finite groups and restricted Lie algebras can be used to study the cohomological varieties for finite-dimensional subHopf algebras of the Steenrod algebra. Given a finite-dimensional sub-Hopf algebra B of A, let |B|Fp be the spectrum of ExtB(Fp,Fp). For a finite-dimensional B-module M , the
Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest: A diagnostic comparison with computed tomography and hilar tomography

Abstract Computed tomography (with and without contrast enhancement) provides excellent diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation of the chest. Oblique (55°) and anteroposterior hilar tomography is accurate for the evaluation of hilar nodes and masses. Magnetic resonance techniques provide excellent differentiation of vascular and nonvascular structures and therefore should be useful in the hilum and mediastinum. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in 55 patients with known pathologic conditions in the mediastinum, hilum, and lungs to determine the accuracy and efficacy of this technique compared with computed and hilar tomography. The pathologic conditions included primary and metastatic neoplasms, benign masses, vascular abnormalities, and pulmonary nodules and infiltrates. Spatial resolution with magnetic resonance imaging is less than with computed tomography with our instrument (0.15 T resistive magnet). However, in the hilum and mediastinum, magnetic resonance imaging provided diagnostic information equal to that of computed tomography with contrast in 90% of patients. Vascular and nonvascular structures were more easily differentiated than with hilar tomography. Computed tomography was far superior in the evaluation of multiple pulmonary nodules. Lesions of the chest wall were better seen with magnetic resonance imaging because of the improved soft tissue contrast.
Supervised group Lasso with applications to microarray data analysis

A tremendous amount of efforts have been devoted to identifying genes for diagnosis and prognosis of diseases using microarray gene expression data. It has been demonstrated that gene expression data have cluster structure, where the clusters consist of co-regulated genes which tend to have coordinated functions. However, most available statistical methods for gene selection do not take into consideration the cluster structure. We propose a supervised group Lasso approach that takes into account the cluster structure in gene expression data for gene selection and predictive model building. For gene expression data without biological cluster information, we first divide genes into clusters using the K-means approach and determine the optimal number of clusters using the Gap method. The supervised group Lasso consists of two steps. In the first step, we identify important genes within each cluster using the Lasso method. In the second step, we select important clusters using the group Lasso. Tuning parameters are determined using V-fold cross validation at both steps to allow for further flexibility. Prediction performance is evaluated using leave-one-out cross validation. We apply the proposed method to disease classification and survival analysis with microarray data. We analyze four microarray data sets using the proposed approach: two cancer data sets with binary cancer occurrence as outcomes and two lymphoma data sets with survival outcomes. The results show that the proposed approach is capable of identifying a small number of influential gene clusters and important genes within those clusters, and has better prediction performance than existing methods.
Effect of Variations in Dialysate Temperature on Blood Pressure During Hemodialysis

The effect on BP of alteration in dialysate temperature was studied in 150 hemodialysis treatments in 17 patients using a randomized, double-blind protocol. Each patient was treated using dialysate at 35.6 degrees C, 36.7 degrees C, and 37.8 degrees C. Mean BP during 35.6 degrees C dialysis was significantly higher than during 36.7 degrees C or 37.8 degrees C treatments. Symptomatic hypotensive episodes were more frequent at a dialysate temperature of 37.8 degrees C than during use of cooler dialysates. Modest changes in dialysate temperature thus appear to affect BP during hemodialysis. Dialysate cooler than that routinely employed has a beneficial effect while warmer dialysate has a detrimental one on intradialytic BP. The use of dialysate at least 1 degree C cooler than "isothermic" levels may be appropriate.
Familial juvenile polyposis of the colon.

Familial juvenile polyposis of the colon is characterized by multiple juvenile polyps, frequent recurrences, and a family history of carcinoma or adenomatous polyposis of the colon. Two cases are presented, and the 6 previously reported families with this condition are summarized. A few of the lesions in these patients had features of both juvenile and adenomatous polyps, and one patient had an adenomatous polyp of the jejunum. Further studies are necessary to determine the frequency with which juvenile polyposis and carcinoma of the colon occur in the same family, and to identify a possible relationship between the 2 in these families.
Partitions of bi-partite numbers into at mostj parts

The number of partitions of a bi-partite number into at mostj parts is studied. We consider this function,p j (x, y), on the linex+y=2n. Forj≤4, we show that this function is maximized whenx=y. Forj>4 we provide an explicit formula forn j so that, for alln?n j ,x=y yields a maximum forp j (x,y).
Characteristics of an aminohydrolase distinct from adenosine deaminase in cultured human lymphoblasts

An inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) is associated with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Affected patients exhibit markedly reduced or absent adenosine deaminating activity in various tissues. In this study we have demonstrated the presence of a low level aminohydrolase activity in 11 different normal and adenosine deaminase-deficient lymphoblast cell lines which is apparently distinct from normal adenosine deaminase. Based on enzymatic, physical and immunoreactive properties, this lymphoblast aminohydrolase does not appear to be related to adenosine deaminase and is most likely coded for by a different gene locus. In future investigations designed to characterize mutant forms of adenosine deaminase, it will be important to distinguish this lymphoblast aminohydrolase activity from putative products of the adenosine deaminase gene locus.
Women Strike for Peace: Traditional Motherhood and Radical Politics in the 1960s

"Women Strike for Peace" is a historical account of this women's movement. Amy Swerdlow, a founding member of WSP, restores to the record a chapter on American politics and women's studies. She traces WSP's triumphs, its problems, and its legacy for the women's movement and American society. Women Strike for Peace began on November 1, 1961, when thousands of white, middle-class women walked out of their kitchens and off their jobs in a one-day protest against Soviet and American nuclear policies. The protest led to a national organization of women who, while maintaining traditional maternal and feminine roles, effectively challenged national policies-defeating a proposal for a NATO nuclear fleet, withstanding an investigation by the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and sending one of its leaders to Congress as a peace candidate.
Discrete time-band limiting operators and commuting tridiagonal matrices

Time-band limiting operators, corresponding to classical discrete orthogonal families, admit commuting second order difference operators. A new proof is presented.
Accuracy of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy following neoadjuvant (induction) chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast.

Abstract: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is widely employed to detect axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients with clinically negative (N0) axillae. One of the few reported contraindications to SLNB is prior treatment with systemic chemotherapy (neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy). Previous investigators reported difficulty identifying the sentinel node and an unacceptable false-negative rate in this patient cohort. We present one experienced surgeon's experience with SLNB following induction chemotherapy (n = 21). Following treatment with Adriamycin and Cytoxan (AC)-based cyclic chemotherapy, patients underwent SLNB, followed by levels I and II axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). At least one sentinel node was identified in all patients (100%). With respect to metastatic disease, the status of the sentinel node(s) accurately reflected the status of the axilla in 20 of 21 patients (95%). Eleven patients (52%) had axillary metastases identified by ALND. Of this group, SLNB failed to identify metastatic disease in one patient (9%). Previous treatment with induction chemotherapy should not be considered an absolute contraindication to SLNB. An experienced surgeon may utilize the technique in these patients, sparing them the added morbidity of axillary dissection.
The use of ultrasound attenuation to characterize release of proteins from polymer matrix devices

Abstract A new method was developed for characterizing polymer matrix controlled release systems, based on the measurement of through-transmission of ultrasound. This method was used to study the release of a model protein (bovine serum albumin) from ethylene-co-vinyl acetate polymer matrices, at temperatures of 4°, 22° and 37°C. In addition to ultrasound attenuation, protein release and weight change of the matrices were evaluated in vitro. During release, the matrix undergoes a transition from complete attenuation of normally incident ultrasound to considerable transmission of sound energy through the device. The occurrence of this transition is interpreted as the complete dissolution of the protein phase and formation of a continuous fluid-filled network. This interpretation is based on the fact that the observed decrease of attenuation occurs when the weight of the devices is at a maximum. Increased temperature shifts both the transition in ultrasound attenuation and maximum in weight to shorter times, consistent with the effect of temperature on the release rate. A mechanistic interpretation of the observed results is discussed.
The characterization of three types of partially processed mRNA and two pseudogenes for human liver cytochrome b5.

Abstract We have isolated cDNA clones corresponding to partially processed human liver cytochrome b5 mRNAs. All the clones contained poly(A) sequences, and one clone had a shorter 3′ non-translated sequence, indicating the use of an alternative poly(A) addition signal. In addition, all the clones contained the coding information for amino acids 87–134; however, there were two types of intron junction adjacent to the coding sequence. Detailed analysis of the Type I clones showed that the Type II intron sequence was contained within the Type I sequence, but approximately 1000 bp 5′ of the Type I intron-exon junction showed alternative splicing within this intron. In addition, we have isolated two pseudogenes which lack introns, suggesting the retroviral insertion of human liver cytochrome b5 mRNA sequences into the human genome.
Doped yttrium chromite–ceria composite as a redox-stable and sulfur-tolerant anode for solid oxide fuel cells

A Ca- and Co-doped yttrium chromite (YCCC) - samaria-doped ceria (SDC) composite was studied in relation to a potential use as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material. Tests performed using the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte-supported cells revealed that the electrocatalytic activity of the YCCC-SDC anode towards hydrogen oxidation at 800 C was comparable to that of the Ni-YSZ anode. In addition, the YCCC-SDC anode exhibited superior sulfur tolerant characteristics showing less than 10% increase in a polarization resistance, fully reversible, upon exposure to 20 ppm H2S at 800 C. No performance degradation was observed during multiple reduction-oxidation (redox) cycles when the anode was intentionally exposed to the air environment followed by the reduction in hydrogen. The redox tolerance of the YCCC-SDC anode was attributed to the dimensional and chemical stability of the YCCC exhibiting minimal isothermal chemical expansion upon redox cycling.
Studies on the Biology of the Tapeworm Dioecocestus acotylus with Emphasis on the Oogenotop

The constituent parts of the oogenotop are described using certain histochemical tests. Early egg formation and the contribution of the various parts of the female system are followed. The development of the oncosphere and its membranes is discussed. Sperm formation and insemination are described.
Cysteine desulfhydrase activity in cucurbit plants: Stimulation by preincubation with l- or d-cysteine

Abstract Cysteine desulfhydrase activity in leaf discs of cucurbit plants is enhanced 2–4-fold by preincubation with l or d -cysteine. Preincubation with structural analogs of cysteine also stimulated the activity of the enzyme, but to a smaller extent. Maximal increase in cysteine desulfhydrase activity was observed by preincubation with 5 mM or higher concentrations of cysteine. Although not caused by activation, stimulation of the enzyme activity was half-maximal within less than 15 min. Whereas the increase in cysteine desulfhydrase activity by preincubation of leaf discs with cysteine was light independent, pretreatment of the entire plant with light or dark determined the leaf discs' potential for stimulation of the enzyme. Exposure to darkness for 4 hr reduced this potential by 60%. It is concluded that the potential for stimulation of cysteine desulfhydrase activity by preincubation with cysteine is regulated by a compound not synthesized, but metabolized, in the leaf tissue. This regulatory compound may be supplied to the leaves by long-distance transport.
A system of measurement and automatic control of tunnel kiln operating conditions

The authors present the design and performance assessment of an on-line measurement and control system for a gas-fired tunnel furnace used for firing refractories. The system monitors and controls combustion and temperature conditions for the purpose of optimizing the temperature-dependent quality indices of the refractories as well as the thermal efficiency and fuel consumption of the furnace.
Energetic nitrogen-rich salts and ionic liquids: 5-aminotetrazole (AT) as a weak acid

5-Aminotetrazole (AT) behaves as a weak acid and can be used to obtain nitrogen-rich energetic salts and ionic liquids. These AT salts have been characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, thermal stability, phase behavior, and density. The salt 2 contains 82% nitrogen, and 7 has the highest nitrogen content (68%) of any known room temperature ionic liquid. Compound 5 crystallizes in the chiral orthorhombic system P2(1)2(1)2(1). Based on their calculated heats of formation, detonation properties, and thermal and hydrolytic stabilities, these stable AT compounds hold promise for energetic applications.
Two Genes Control Seasonal Isolation in Sibling Species

Interspecific hybridization tests between Chrysopa carnea and Chrysopa downesi show that single allele differences at two unlinked autosomal loci cause large differences in photoperiodic responses. These differences produce asynchronous seasonal reproductive cycles, thus forming an effective temporal reproductive barrier between the two sympatric species. The results subserve the development of a genetic model for allochronic speciation.
Central small‐angle diffuse scattering from fibers is made of two components

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering from materials with fibrous texture generally includes a central diffuse scattering that is either diamond-shaped or shaped like a two-bladed propeller. The central scattering from fibers of polyacrylonitrile, nylon, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) and in particular the changes seen during deformation and heating have been examined. The result is that all types of central scattering from fibers are best described as having two distinct components, where these components are an extended equatorial streak and an inner nearly isotropic scattering. They arise respectively from objects that do and do not become aligned or elongated during fiber production. Examples of objects that do not become aligned are small spherical voids and solid particles. Objects that do become aligned include internal phase boundaries, and the surfaces of the fibers themselves. The equatorial streak arises from an assembly of such elongated objects preferentially oriented along the fiber axis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
ADVANCES IN ULTRAFAST RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING AND APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW

The use of ultrafast laser technology has become widespread in recent years for many emerging applications, such as optical tomography, plasma‐mediated ablation, surgical and medical proce‐ dures, and device manufacturing and material microprocessing for both biomedical and indus‐ trial purposes. In situations where ultrafast laser experimentation is complicated or expensive, numerical modeling can be implemented as a realistic alternative. In optical imaging reconstruc‐ tion, forward modeling of radiative transfer under various conditions is indispensable. To deter‐ mine radiant energy propagation with ultrafast speed of light, an accurate solution of the time‐dependent hyperbolic equation of radiative transfer is required; and this is featured as ul‐ trafast radiative transfer. In this review, advances in the computational modeling of ultrafast ra‐ diative transfer are discussed. Various numerical solution methodologies, along with the mentioning of their contributing works, advantages and challenges, are presented. The impor‐ tance of appropriate treatment of anisotropic scattering of both ballistic and diffuse radiations is addressed. Additionally, specific applications of ultrafast laser technology in the biomedical field are presented, along with contributing works.
Percutaneous cystolithotomy for calculi in reconstructed bladders: initial UCLA experience.

Purpose: Following bladder augmentation, patients are at significant risk for bladder calculi. We present our experience with a minimally invasive treatment approach using endoscopically assisted percutaneous cystolithotomy.Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 74 patients who underwent percutaneous cystolithotomy following bladder augmentation between 2002 and 2009. Cystogram was performed to determine the ideal location for percutaneous bladder access and a guidewire was inserted in the bladder through a bile needle. A balloon dilator was used to place a 30Fr sheath. Rigid cystoscopy with a 26Fr nephroscope allowed stone treatment by basketing and ultrasonic lithotripsy. A suprapubic 22Fr catheter was then placed. Patients were seen on postoperative day 14 and abdominal ultrasound was performed. If no significant residual calculi were visualized, the suprapubic tube was removed.Results: Mean ± SD patient age at operation was 20 ± 10.7 months (range 4 to 40). Mean ± SD time betwe...
Effects of Intermittent Electromagnetic Fields on Mitosis and Respiration

We have previously shown that continuous exposure of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (75 Hz, 2.0 G, 0.7 V/m) lengthens the mitotic cell cycle and depresses the rate of respiration. In this paper, we report that exposing Physarum polycephalum to intermittent fields (16 hrs/day, 5 days/wk) of 76 Hz, 1.0 G, 1.0 V/m lengthens the cell cycles and increases rather than decreases the respiration rate. these results imply in addition to field intensity and waveform, the length of exposure is an important parameter in elucidating the bioeffects of electromagnetic fields.
Panniculectomy at the time of gynecologic surgery in morbidly obese patients.

Abstract Objective: Our goal was to demonstrate that panniculectomy performed at the time of gynecologic surgery aids in reducing the operative time and exposure and does not increase the wound infection rate in morbidly obese patients. Study Design: A retrospective survey was performed of massively obese patients who underwent panniculectomy at the time of gynecologic surgery at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine consortium hospitals from 1990-1999. Data collected during surgery included the patient's weight, operative opening and closing times, blood loss, and weight of the removed panniculus adiposus. Postoperative wound infection rates were monitored, and patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Seventy-eight patients underwent the following operations: radical hysterectomy (n = 19), extrafascial hysterectomy (n = 18), standard hysterectomy (n = 32), or other gynecologic surgery (n = 9). The average blood loss was 71 mL. Opening and closing times were 27 and 33 minutes, respectively, adding a minimal amount of operative time to the required gynecologic surgery. The average removed panniculus adiposus weighed 4745 g. Efficiency in obtaining exposure to the operative site was noted. A total of 2 wound infections were recorded in the postoperative period. In 1 case debridement was required, and in the other healing occurred by secondary intention. Minimal separation occurred in 4 other cases and required no intervention. Conclusion: Massively obese patients can safely undergo panniculectomy simultaneously with a gynecologic procedure. The difficulty with operative exposure is reduced, and these patients are better served intraoperatively. Postoperatively, the wound infection rates quoted for this population were markedly improved from prior studies and involved a larger group of patients. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1502-5.)
Crystal structure and pair potentials: A molecular-dynamics study

With use of a Lagrangian which allows for the variation of the shape and size of the periodically repeating molecular-dynamics cell, it is shown that different pair potentials lead to different crystal structures.
Comments on the three-photon structure function☆☆☆

Using the simple quark parton model, estimates for the three-photon structure function, V(x), of the proton are given. This function, which is proportional to the interference between inelastic Compton scattering and wide angle bremsstrahlung, is shown to have an upper bound of 23vW2(x)/x. Using SLAC inelastic electron scattering data from the proton this implies that V(x) is not dominated by a quasielastic peak, and therefore the sum rule, ∝01V(x)dx = 59, will be difficult to check at SLAC energies. Using electron scattering data from both the neutron and the proton, a more restrictive upper limit on V(x) is given which, at intermediate and large values of x, is nearly the same as values determined from two different sets of quark distributions. We conclude that the experiment still provides a new test of the proton model and a method for determining the quark charge.
An active micro joining mechanism for 3D assembly

An active joining mechanism for the construction of microstructures, comprising detethered microparts and locking actuators fabricated on a wafer, has been implemented. An active locking mechanism is a system on chip (SOC) type of actuator which is designed to control the socket's opening to allow insertion of a micropart with zero force. This allows the delicate micropart to be secured without the need of substantial forces that could cause damage to the micropart or the socket. Moreover, it enhances the assembly throughput, tolerance and yield due to the frictionless self-alignment of the micropart. The design concept, assembly and extensive characterization have been illustrated for 100 µm thick microstructures made of SOI wafers and patterned by deep reactive ion etching. Single-sided and double-sided electrothermal bent beam actuators are utilized for the socket to actively open during assembly and close to lock the micropart against the locking mechanism. Finally, the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the joints can be further enhanced by reflow of the deposited layers of the 80Au–20Sn solder alloy at the contact areas.
Robust trajectory control of underwater vehicles

underwater vehicles present difficult control-system design problems due to their nonlinear dynamics, uncertain models, and the presence of disturbances that are difficult to measure or estimate. In this paper, a recent extension of sliding mode control is shown to handle these problems effectively. The method deals directly with nonlinearities, is highly robust to imprecise models, explicitly accounts for the presence of high-frequency unmodeled dynamics, and produces designs that are easy to understand. Using a nonlinear vehicle simulation, the relationship between model uncertainty and performance is examined. The results show that adequate controllers can be designed using simple nonlinear models, but that performance improves as model uncertainty is decreased and the improvements can be predicted quantitatively.
Effects of slots/holes in disks on frequencies of TM01 and EH11 waves in disk-loaded waveguides

It has been proven that the combination of boring four holes in each disk at certain radial positions Rc and properly reducing the cavity diameter 2b can make the frequency of the 2π3 mode for TM01 waves invariable and the frequency band for EH11 waves rising with respect to the case without holes in the disks. Taking the SLAC no. 4 cavity as an example, when Rc = 28 mm and the hole diameter 2h = 9 or 11 mm as well as d(2b) = −0.12 or −0.28 mm, the operating frequency (2π3 mode and TM01 wave) remains at 2856 MHz but the EH11 wave frequency band will move up to about 5.5 or 11 MHz with respect to the case without holes in the disks respectively. Obviously, this technique, for example, could be used in Nos. 3, 4 and 5 cavities of the SLAC constant gradient structures for substantially increasing the BBU threshold current of the high energy electron linac using SLAC sections as the accelerating tubes.
Diabetic Teratogenesis: In Vitro Evidence for a Multifactorial Etiology With Little Contribution From Glucose Per Se

To determine the extent to which elevated glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) concentrations contribute to the embryotoxic properties of diabetic serum, we tested the effects of serum from untreated or acutely insulin-treated diabetic rats on the development of mouse embryos during neurulation in vitro. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 143) with streptozocin-induced diabetes for 1 week received infusions of insulin ( n = 105) or saline ( n = 38) for up to 120 min. The insulin-infused animals were exsanguinated when serum glucose concentrations fell to between 5.6 and 8.3 mM. Saline-infused animals were exsanguinated after a similar duration of infusion. Serum samples were tested for embryotoxic effects on 3–6 somite mouse embryos cultured in vitro for 24 h. Of embryos cultured in serum from untreated diabetic animals (glucose: 24 ± 1 mM; 3OHB: 2.0 ± 0.3 mM), 36% (31 of 87) exhibited gross malformations, mostly of the neural tube. Only 16% (10 of 62) of embryos grown in serum from acutely insulin-treated animals (glucose: 7.4 ± 0.2 mM; 3OHB: 0.20 ± 0.06 mM) were malformed. This rate that was P the rate associated with culture in normal serum (0% in this study;
Corrections to the Fermi approximation in neutron-nuclear scattering

The Fermi approximation is fundamental in the use of thermal-neutron scattering to study solid-state and molecular physics. It is important to understand how accurate this approximation is. There have been a number of computations of corrections to the Fermi approximation for model systems. For some of these, however, the correction has been found to be divergent. This raises some questions about the validity of these calculations. Here we calculate the first-order correction to the Fermi approximation through an approach in which the scattering nucleus is replaced by a boundary condition. It is shown that the first-order correction to the Fermi approximation can always be made to converge and that the magnitude of the correction is small.