cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Effects of Wing Restraints on the Objective Texture of Commercially Processed Broiler Breast Meat

Abstract A physical treatment was applied to broiler carcasses during commercial processing to evaluate its effectiveness in shortening the postmortem time necessary to achieve tenderness in cooked Pectoralis major (P. major) meat. Pectoralis major muscles were stretched by using cable ties to position the wings behind the back of the carcass. The restraints were removed from the carcasses at two postchill times: within 15 min (WR) and after 1 h (WR + 1). Treated carcasses were compared with a control group of carcasses. Pectoralis major muscles were removed from control carcasses and WR carcasses between 10 and 15 min postchill. Muscles were held at 2 C until the next day, when they were cooked. Two 1.9-cm-wide strips, noted as anterior and medial, were removed from each sample and objective texture determined. The experiment was replicated five times with a total of 82, 80, and 79 carcasses evaluated for the control, WR, and WR + 1 groups, respectively. There were significant differences in objective texture due to the physical treatment and location in the muscle. The lowest shear value (5.5 kg) was noted for the WR + 1 group at the anterior location. Significantly lower shear values were noted for the anterior strip compared with the medial strip. Physically restraining the P. major muscles during processing and holding for 1 h postchill resulted in a significant reduction in force to shear broiler breast meat.
Observations on the biosynthesis and metabolism of β-sitosterol, β-amyrin and related methyl sterols

Abstract The incorporation of mevalonic acid-2- 14 C into cut flower stalks of Taraxacum officinale L., whose principal sterol and triterpene respectively in the dried form is β-sitosterol and β-amyrin, was studied at intervals of 0·5 hr to 2 weeks. A trace of product possibly identical with lanosterol was indicated by gas chromatography. However, it was only weakly radioactive at all intervals studied, and it was concluded that lanosterol was not an obligatory intermediate in the biosynthesis of β-sitosterol under the conditions of these particular experiments. Several compounds which may be transient 4α-methyl sterols and therefore possible precursors of β-sitosterol were indicated by gas chromatography, but none could be identified with the methyl sterols or triterpenes available as reference compounds. The 14 C-content of β-sitosterol slowly increased to a relatively constant value after 8 hr, thereafter remaining stable. The 14 C-content of β-amyrin, on the other hand, rose slowly to a maximum in about 20 hr and then declined. The data suggest a moderate rate of turnover of β-amyrin.
The New Database Architectures

The rise of big data and cloud computing significantly changed the database market. Here, the authors describe how developers decomposed the traditional database system and questioned the classical three-tier system architecture.
The role of data warehousing in bioterrorism surveillance

The development of an effective bioterrorism surveillance system requires effective solutions to several critical challenges. The system must support multidimensional historical data, provide real-time surveillance of sensor data, have the capability for pattern recognition to quickly identify abnormal situations, and provide an analytic environment that accelerates investigations by epidemiologists and other responders. The use of real-time or flash data warehousing provides the essential ability to compare unfolding health events with historical patterns of key surveillance indicators. To explore the role of data warehousing in surveillance systems, we study naturally occurring incidents, Florida wildfires from 1996 through 2001, as reasonable facsimiles of bioterrorism attacks. Hospital admissions data on respiratory illnesses during that period are analyzed to uncover patterns that might resemble an airborne biochemical attack. A principal contribution of this research is the adroit use of online analytic processing (OLAP) techniques, along with spatial and statistical analyses, to study the adverse effects of this natural phenomenon. These techniques will provide important capabilities for epidemiologist-in-the-loop surveillance systems, enabling the rapid exploration of unusual situations and guidance for follow-up investigations.
The Incidence of Salmonella Species and Serotypes in Young Whole Chicken Carcasses in 1979 as Compared with 1967

Abstract A survey was conducted to determine the incidence of salmonellae in processed, ready-to-market, whole young chickens. Carcasses from 15 federally inspected chicken eviscerating plants were analyzed using a carcass washing technique for determining the presence of salmonellae. The results obtained during the 1979 incidence survey were compared to results obtained in an identical 1967 Salmonella survey. In the 1967 study, salmonellae were isolated from 171 of the 597 (28.6%) whole chicken, tetrathionate broth rinsings analysed. In the 1979 study, 222 of 601 (36.9%) of similarly analysed chicken samples were positive. Percentile positive findings from individual plants range from 7.5 to 73.7% in 1967 and from 2.5 to 87.5% in 1979.
Recent advances in cancer diagnosis with nuclear medicine techniques.

Recent progress in cancer detection in nuclear medicine has been significant and encouraging. Three main trends are responsible. First, techniques of imaging have improved, often in conjunction with the development of new and better imaging devices. Secondly, new radiopharmaceuticals are being investigated. Finally, interaction with other imaging modalities has started. In general, this yields complementary information further refining the diagnostic process. Cancer 40:495–499, 1977.
Predicting Success in a Large Sample of Federal Pretrial Offenders: The Influence of Ethnicity

The present study analyzed a host of risk variables related to successful completion of a federal pretrial release program within a large and demographically diverse sample of pretrial defendants. ...
Hepatitis A: Old and New

The hepatitis A virus (HAV), a picornavirus, is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. Spread of infection is generally person to person or by oral intake after fecal contamination of skin or mucous membranes; less commonly, there is fecal contamination of food or water. Hepatitis A is endemic in developing countries, and most residents are exposed in childhood. In contrast, the adult population in developed countries demonstrates falling rates of exposure with improvements in hygiene and sanitation. The export of food that cannot be sterilized, from countries of high endemicity to areas with low rates of infection, is a potentially important source of infection. After ingestion and uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, the virus replicates in the liver and is excreted into the bile. Cellular immune responses to the virus lead to destruction of infected hepatocytes with consequent development of symptoms and signs of disease. Humoral immune responses are the basis for diagnostic serologic assays. Acute HAV infection is clinically indistinguishable from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. In young children the disease is often asymptomatic, whereas in older children and adults there may be a range of clinical manifestations from mild, anicteric infection to fulminant hepatic failure. Clinical variants include prolonged, relapsing, and cholestatic forms. Management of the acute illness is supportive, and complete recovery without sequelae is the usual outcome. Research efforts during World War II led to the development of passive immunoprophylaxis. Pooled immune serum globulin is efficacious in the prevention and attenuation of disease in exposed individuals. More recently, active immunoprophylaxis by vaccination has been accomplished. Future eradication of this disease can now be contemplated.
The Unheimlich Man-Oeuvre

The Book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamentalist Language and Politics. Susan Harding. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. ix + 336 pp., appendixes, bibliography, index. Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements and Violence in North America, Europe and Japan. John R. Hall with Philip D. Schuyler and Sylvaine Trinh. London: Routledge, 2000. viii + 228pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench. Vincent Crapanzano. New York: The New Press, 2000. xi + 406 pp., notes, references, index.
DNA Methylation is Developmentally Regulated for Genes Essential for Cardiogenesis

Methods and Results-—We performed the genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of mouse embryonic hearts using methylsensitive, tiny fragment enrichment/massively parallel sequencing to determine methylation levels at ACGT sites. The results showed that while global methylation of 1.64 million ACGT sites in developing hearts remains stable between embryonic day (E) 11.5 and E14.5, a small fraction (2901) of them exhibit differential methylation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these sites are enriched at genes involved in heart development. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 350 genes with differential DNA methylation showed that the expression of 181 genes is developmentally regulated, and 79 genes have correlative changes between methylation and expression, including hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2). Required for heart valve formation, Has2 expression in the developing heart valves is downregulated at E14.5, accompanied with increased DNA methylation in its enhancer. Genetic knockout further showed that the downregulation of Has2 expression is dependent on DNA methyltransferase 3b, which is coexpressed with Has2 in the forming heart valve region, indicating that the DNA methylation change may contribute to the Has2 enhancer’s regulating function.
Real time highway traffic simulation and prediction using inductance loop data

This paper presents an application of microscopic traffic modeling to perform real time highway traffic simulation and prediction. The simulation uses inductance loop data as model input and predicts the downstream traffic based on a microscopic model. The preliminary results show high cross-correlation between the prediction and the real data.
Studies on Hypoxia: XI. Long-Term Effects on the Epiphyseal Plate—A Histomeric and Radioautographic Study

Rats were exposed to hypoxia for one week. The mean thickness of epiphyseal plates from control rats was 430 micrometers (μm) which was reduced to 313 μm in hypoxic rats. Radioautographic incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine by connective tissue cells in hypoxic rats was reduced up to 38% in control rats.
Microscopic Nature of Nature Light Induced Defects

Molecular dynamics simulations find light-induced metastable defects to be silicon dangling bonds accompanied by (Si-H)2 defect complexes that have two Si-H bonds. These complexes are formed by pairs of hydrogen breaking a silicon bond. This supports the model of Branz. These defects are the analogue of the H2* defect in c-Si and their energy correlates with the bond-angle strain. Several features of annealing including E-field induced effects are well accounted for by the (Si-H)2 defect.
Time-Shifted CDS Enhancement of Comparator-Based MDAC for Pipelined ADC Applications

A new comparator based MDAC is presented. This structure utilizes nonlinear charge transfer and time shifted CDS techniques to improve the performance of the comparator based MDAC. Simulation results show that the proposed MDAC can be utilized in pipeline ADCs to enhance accuracy and speed.
Design and realization of a portable data logger for physiological sensing [GSR]

A microcontroller-based data logger has been designed, prototyped, and field-tested for recording galvanic skin response data and relaying them to a computer for physiological analysis. Focusing on system design issues concerning battery-driven ambulatory applications, this paper presents a special data compression algorithm based on relative encoding to optimize memory utilization and reduce data transfer time. Data flow coordination and timing control are enabled by a PIC microcontroller. A handheld prototype measuring 180/spl times/90/spl times/30 mm was built and tested for ease of use, safety, and reliability.
The donor lung: conservation of a precious resource

Lung transplantation became a reality in 1963 when Dr James Hardy performed the first successful single lung transplant1 in a patient with chronic pulmonary disease and bronchogenic carcinoma. His patient survived 18 days, eventually succumbing to renal failure. His opportunity for success was hampered by a lack of adequate immunosuppressive agents, limited perioperative monitoring, and a lack of adequate support systems such as haemodialysis. Over the next two decades numerous lung transplants were performed. Although all ended as failures, valuable information and experience accumulated in the areas of immune system alteration, diagnosis and treatment of rejection, and opportunistic infections.2 The role of prophylactic antibiotic regimens was better defined. Since the mid 1980s many of these issues have been resolved, and many centres currently perform lung transplantation with progressively better survival rates. The availability of cyclosporin as an immunosuppressive agent allowed reduced doses of corticosteroids to be used and has had a dramatic impact on the successful outcome of lung transplantation. The latest report from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)3 in the USA recognises 95 centres registered to perform heart-lung transplants and 91 to perform lung transplantation. As more centres have the technological expertise to perform transplantation, and as this technology expands to treat a wider range of chronic lung diseases, there has been an inevitable increase in the number of patients listed for transplantation and, consequently, significant prolongation of waiting times. This is a problem which is now affecting all countries with active transplant programmes; in this paper these problems are discussed in relation to data for transplantation in the USA. Transplant physicians have constantly to analyse this fluctuation in waiting times. Patients must “get in” in the UNOS list at a time when they are significantly and irreversibly impaired by their chronic pulmonary disease, …
Comparison of Simulated and Measured Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers of the Frog

Calcium sparks in frog intact skeletal muscle fibers were modeled as stereotypical events that arise from a constant efflux of Ca2+ from a point source for a fixed period of time (e.g., 2.5 pA of Ca2+ current for 4.6 ms; 18°C). The model calculates the local changes in the concentrations of free Ca2+ and of Ca2+ bound to the major intrinsic myoplasmic Ca2+ buffers (troponin, ATP, parvalbumin, and the SR Ca2+ pump) and to the Ca2+ indicator (fluo-3). A distinctive feature of the model is the inclusion of a binding reaction between fluo-3 and myoplasmic proteins, a process that strongly affects fluo-3′s Ca2+-reaction kinetics, its apparent diffusion constant, and hence the morphology of sparks. ΔF/F (the change in fluo-3′s fluorescence divided by its resting fluorescence) was estimated from the calculated changes in fluo-3 convolved with the microscope point-spread function. To facilitate comparisons with measured sparks, noise and other sources of variability were included in a random repetitive fashion to generate a large number of simulated sparks that could be analyzed in the same way as the measured sparks. In the initial simulations, the binding of Ca2+ to the two regulatory sites on troponin was assumed to follow identical and independent binding reactions. These simulations failed to accurately predict the falling phase of the measured sparks. A second set of simulations, which incorporated the idea of positive cooperativity in the binding of Ca2+ to troponin, produced reasonable agreement with the measurements. Under the assumption that the single channel Ca2+ current of a ryanodine receptor (RYR) is 0.5–2 pA, the results suggest that 1–5 active RYRs generate an average Ca2+ spark in a frog intact muscle fiber.
Fast and Effective Procedure Inlining

The effectiveness of an inlining algorithm is determined not only by its ability to recognize inlining opportunities but also by its discretion in exercising those opportunities. This paper presents a new inlining algorithm for higher-order languages that combines simple analysis techniques with demand-driven online transformation to achieve consistent and often dramatic performance gains in fast linear time. The algorithm is shown to be as effective as and significantly faster than offline, analysis-intensive algorithms recently described in the literature.
Self-Training with Selection-by-Rejection

Practical machine learning and data mining problems often face shortage of labeled training data. Self-training algorithms are among the earliest attempts of using unlabeled data to enhance learning. Traditional self-training algorithms label unlabeled data on which classifiers trained on limited training data have the highest confidence. In this paper, a self-training algorithm that decreases the disagreement region of hypotheses is presented. The algorithm supplements the training set with self-labeled instances. Only instances that greatly reduce the disagreement region of hypotheses are labeled and added to the training set. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed self-training algorithm can effectively improve classification performance.
Imágenes de la docencia: neoliberalismo, formación docente y género

This article presents the results of a study done with a group of 178 Master’s Degree students in the city of Buenos Aires. The principle objectives of the project were: a) to explore the dynamics of gender in teacher-training institutes; b) to investigate the pedagogical images and the imagination of future teachers; and c) to explore what senses the future teachers give to the concepts of vocation of authority .
Goal-directed action is automatically biased towards looming motion.

It is known that looming motion can capture attention regardless of an observer’s intentions. Real-world behavior, however, frequently involves not just attentional selection, but selection for action. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of looming motion on goal-directed action to gain a broader perspective on how stimulus properties bias human behavior. We presented participants with a visually-guided reaching task in which they pointed to a target letter presented among non-target distractors. On some trials, one of the pre-masks at the location of the upcoming search objects grew rapidly in size, creating the appearance of a “looming” target or distractor. Even though looming motion did not predict the target location, the time required to reach to the target was shorter when the target loomed compared to when a distractor loomed. Furthermore, reach movement trajectories were pulled towards the location of a looming distractor when one was present, a pull that was greater still when the looming motion was on a collision path with the participant. We also contrast reaching data with data from a similarly designed visual search task requiring keypress responses. This comparison underscores the sensitivity of visually-guided reaching data, as some experimental manipulations, such as looming motion path, affected reach trajectories but not keypress measures. Together, the results demonstrate that looming motion biases visually-guided action regardless of an observer’s current behavioral goals, affecting not only the time required to reach to targets but also the path of the observer’s hand movement itself.
Energy based collaborative source localization using acoustic micro-sensor array

A novel sensor network source localization method based on acoustic energy measurements is presented. This method makes use of the characteristics that the acoustic energy decays exponentially with respect to the distance from an omni-directional acoustic source. By comparing energy readings measured at surrounding acoustic sensors during the same time interval can be accurately estimated. We show that the potential target location is restricted to a hyper-sphere in the sensor field given the acoustic energy reading at a pair of sensors. Given multiple sensor acoustic energy readings, the target location is solved as the location that is closest (in the least square sense) to all the corresponding hyper-spheres. We further simplified this nonlinear least square problem to an unconstrained linear least square problem that yields a closed form solution. Experiment results using military vehicle acoustic data show great promise of this novel approach.
Optimization of antenna systems for automatic high frequency communication systems (marine communications)

Many HF (high frequency) communication systems have been developed which automatically select operating frequency, route calls, correct transmission errors and log activity. Often these systems do not meet the reasonable expectations of the user because the antenna systems are deficient. The author discusses the special requirements of automatic HF systems, the deficiencies of commonly used antenna systems and alternative designs which employ automatic antenna tuners to satisfy all of the essential requirements for communication at ranges less than 1000 km. >
Absolutely continuous spectrum of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators and Jacobi matrices with slowly decreasing potentials

We prove that for any one-dimensional Schrodinger operator with potentialV(x) satisfying decay condition|V(x)|≦Cx −3/4−e, the absolutely continuous spectrum fills the whole positive semi-axis. The description of the set in ℝ+ on which the singular part of the spectral measure might be supported is also given. Analogous results hold for Jacobi matrices.
Mineralization of carbon dioxide sequestered in volcanogenic sandstone reservoir rocks

We proposed to use volcanogenic sandstones for CO2 sequestration. Such sandstones with a relatively high percentage of volcanic rock fragments (VRF) could be a promising target for CO2 sequestration in that they have a sufficient percentage of reactive minerals to allow substantial mineralization of injected scCO2, which provides the most secure form of CO2 storage, but can also be porous and permeable enough to allow injection at acceptable rates. The limitation in using volcanogenic sandstones as CO2 reservoir rocks is that porosity and permeability tend to decrease with increase of volcanic rock fragments (VRF) and with the length and complexity of the diagenetic history. Decreased porosity limits the rate at which CO2 can be injected. We evaluated these tradeoffs to assess the feasibility of using volcanogenic sandstone to achieve highly secure CO2 storage. Using relationships between VRF percent, porosity and permeability from available geological data, the reactive transport code TOUGHREACT was used to estimate the rate and extent of CO2 mineralization over 1000 years, and the trade-off between higher reactivity and lower porosity and permeability. For the parameter set that we believe is defensible, the optimal VRF percent for the largest amount of mineralized CO2 is around 10-20%. The results show that as much as 80% CO2 mineralization could occur in 1000 years and still allow sufficient injectivity so that ca. 1 megaton of CO2 can be injected per year per well. The key to estimating how much CO2 can be injected and mineralized is the relationship between permeability (or injectivity), reactive mineral content, mineral dissolution rates and reactive surface areas. We have sampled examples of volcanogenic sandstones from the Miocene Etchegoin Formation, central California to examine these parameters. Characterizations of these samples by SEM, XRF and XRD show that they are very rich in reactive minerals with around 32% plagioclase, 10% orthopyroxene, 2% clinopyroxene, and 1% ilmenite. Porosities range from 10% to 20%, and permeabilities range from 10 mD to 1000 mD. Batch experiments are also conducted to measure dissolution rates of one of the common minerals in volcanic sandstones, i.e. chlorite. Results show that the released Mg from chlorite in such sandstones could provide enough cations to potentially mineralize about half the stored CO2 in the pore space within 1000 years. The last chapter presents an extension of the TOUGHREACT code to include carbon 13 isotope into reactive transport modeling. 13 C isotope proves to be a great tracer for monitering subsurface flow of CO2.
Postexercise protein metabolism in older and younger men following moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.

Regular aerobic exercise strongly influences muscle metabolism in elderly and young; however, the acute effects of aerobic exercise on protein metabolism are not fully understood. We investigated t...
Reduced order modeling for feedback flow control of a shear layer

Computations using the compressible Navier-Stokes equations were used to investigate feedback flow control for a shear layer behind a backward facing step. The controller was built based on a reduced order model (ROM), designed using Wavelet Neural Nets (WNN) for the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) mode amplitudes of unforced and open-loop forced data. Results of the model simulations indicate that a 35% reduction in the optical aberrations is possible when feedback flow control is applied. While the CFD results show a similar OPD reduction, modifications to the controller parameters based on the CFD results improved the performance and revealed a more effective mechanism to reduce the optical aberrations.
Increased Serum and Musculotendinous Fibrogenic Proteins following Persistent Low-Grade Inflammation in a Rat Model of Long-Term Upper Extremity Overuse

We examined the relationship between grip strength declines and muscle-tendon responses induced by long-term performance of a high-repetition, low-force (HRLF) reaching task in rats. We hypothesized that grip strength declines would correlate with inflammation, fibrosis and degradation in flexor digitorum muscles and tendons. Grip strength declined after training, and further in weeks 18 and 24, in reach limbs of HRLF rats. Flexor digitorum tissues of reach limbs showed low-grade increases in inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β after training and in week 18, IL-1α in week 18, TNF-α and IL-6 after training and in week 24, and IL-10 in week 24, with greater increases in tendons than muscles. Similar cytokine increases were detected in serum with HRLF: IL-1α and IL-10 in week 18, and TNF-α and IL-6 in week 24. Grip strength correlated inversely with IL-6 in muscles, tendons and serum, and TNF-α in muscles and serum. Four fibrogenic proteins, TGFB1, CTGF, PDGFab and PDGFbb, and hydroxyproline, a marker of collagen synthesis, increased in serum in HRLF weeks 18 or 24, concomitant with epitendon thickening, increased muscle and tendon TGFB1 and CTGF. A collagenolytic gelatinase, MMP2, increased by week 18 in serum, tendons and muscles of HRLF rats. Grip strength correlated inversely with TGFB1 in muscles, tendons and serum; with CTGF-immunoreactive fibroblasts in tendons; and with MMP2 in tendons and serum. Thus, motor declines correlated with low-grade systemic and musculotendinous inflammation throughout task performance, and increased fibrogenic and degradative proteins with prolonged task performance. Serum TNF-α, IL-6, TGFB1, CTGF and MMP2 may serve as serum biomarkers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, although further studies in humans are needed.
Trace element analysis of silicates by means of energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectrometry

Three methods for the energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometric analysis of trace elements in silicate rock samples were compared. The comparisons were based on three new USGS reference samples, DNC-1, W-2, and BIR-1, and two established reference samples, G-1 and W-1. A loose powder sample preparation was used in the analysis of selected trace elements, including Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb and Ba. For one method, the ratio of analyte line intensity to either Compton or Compton and Rayleigh scatter intensity for a series of standards was used to construct calibration graphs. The other two methods involved fundamental parameter calculations which required a knowledge of the total sample compositions in order to perform the necessary matrix corrections. The results showed good accuracy for all three methods, but those obtained from the ratio–calibration graph method were slightly better than those from the other two methods.
Surrendering Information Through the Looking Glass: Transparency, Trust, and Protection

AbstractTrust and transparency influence consumer information exchanges, yet the understanding of how they shape marketing and public policy relating to privacy and security issues is not current with the digital and informational age. People face increasing complexity in online exchanges of information and lack the time, attention, and wherewithal to understand how to protect themselves. Society’s reliance on technology results in individuals engaging in continuous partial attention and behaving as cognitive misers. The author explains the concept of surrendering to technology and presents a sharing–surrendering information matrix to address this phenomenon. The matrix clarifies the difference between surrendering versus sharing information online, leading to the proposition that current efforts to protect privacy and security, such as enhancing trust and transparency, lack legitimacy and will not be effective in the digital age. Surrendering information is a long-term societal and ethical issue for mark...
Conceptualizing Social Support in Families of Children with Special Health Needs

The concept of social support is used increasingly to understand families and their functioning. While conceptualization of the support process is regrettably absent for much research on families, earlier models developed for examining social support of individuals can enlighten research on families. The history of the social support concept is presented along with an overview of current typologies of social support and models of how it impacts physical and mental health. Research on the social support of families with children with special needs is reviewed relative to these issues. Greater recognition of a comprehensive model of support is advocated. Recommendations are made for longitudinal research on temporal patterns of utilization and satisfaction with support, and for consideration of cultural contexts in interpreting social supports.
Integrating TCAS into the airspace management system

It is suggested that TCAS-II (Traffic Alert/Collision Avoidance System II) will evolve from its limited collision-avoidance-only role to become an integral part of the airspace management system. Benefits will be cooperative air traffic procedures, reduced separations, and independent routings. >
A model for thes-wave pion-pion phase shifts

We have obtained thes-wave ππ phase shifts up to around 1 GeV, from the Chew-Mandelstam program but with the inputs restricted by the conditions derived from the Veneziano model. These solutions satisfy the elastic unitarity exactly and the five Roskies crossing conditions up to the order of 10−2 and further are consistent with the available experiments.
Epidemiology of injuries in United States high school track and field: 2008-2009 through 2013-2014.

Background:Track and field is one of the most popular high school sports among boys and girls, but epidemiological research on the sport and its individual events has been limited.Purpose:To describe injury rates and patterns in boys’ and girls’ high school track and field.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Methods:A retrospective epidemiological analysis of injury and exposure data from a longitudinal national high school sports injury surveillance system was conducted.Results:From 2008-2009 through 2013-2014, 2485 track and field injuries occurred during 2,962,308 athlete exposures (0.84 injuries per 1000 athlete exposures). Injury rates were higher in competition versus practice for both sexes. Girls had higher injury rates than boys overall (rate ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.48) and in practice (rate ratio, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.46-1.76), but competition injury rates did not differ. Overuse/chronic injuries accounted for 27.5% and 36.2% of boys’ and girls’ track and field injuries, respectively. The...
Multiple-q magnetic structure in CeAl/sub 2/

New neutron-diffraction measurements on single crystals of Ce${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$ confirm the previously reported incommensurate antiferromagnetic ground state with peaks at ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}}}_{I}=(\frac{1}{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\alpha},\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\mp}\ensuremath{\alpha},\frac{1}{2})$. In addition, weaker superlattice peaks are observed at ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}}}_{c}=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$ and their position and temperature dependence can be explanined in terms of a multiple-$q$ structure in Ce${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$. This appears to be the first definitive evidence for a multiple-$q$ magnetic structure.
Color-cognizance and Color-blindness in White America Perceptions of Whiteness and Their Potential to Predict Racial Policy Attitudes at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century

This study estimates how many white Americans believe that white identity is connected to the treatment they receive and the life chances of their racial group, and it explores the extent to which ...
Effect of Krebs-Ringer medium on muscle contraction in situ in adrenalectomized albino rats.

SummaryExperiments were performed to evaluate quantitatively the effect of Krebs-Ringer medium on contractile capacity of muscle from adrenalectomized albino rats. The triceps brachii was used as test muscle and contraction recorded in situ using the method of Everse and DeFremery. Recovery in contractile capacity subsequent to initial fatiguing of test muscle was expressed as percent of initial contraction height. An overall reduction of 40% in recovery of contractile capacity was observed following adrenalectomy with accompanying hemoconcentration and body weight loss. Following immersion of test muscle in Krebs-Ringer-glucose-phosphate medium for 25 minutes, recovery was restored to levels observed in sham operated controls under similar conditions, but declined to control levels 25 minutes after removal of the nutrient bath. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
Agglutination of blood cells in Limulus polyphemus.

SummaryStable cell suspensions were prepared from Limulus blood using 0.05-0.10% formaldehyde. Washed cells could be agglutinated by as little as 0.01 volume of fresh homologous plasma. The initial stages of this reaction showed moderate concentration dependence and very strong temperature dependence.
Divalent Metal Aliphatic Tricarboxylate Dipyridylamine Coordination Polymers with New or Rare Binodal Topologies

Hydrothermal synthesis has afforded four divalent metal coordination polymers containing the aliphatic tricarboxylates tricarballylate (tca) or trans-aconitate (acon) and the kinked tethering co-ligand 4,4′-dipyridylamine (dpa). Diverse structural topologies are evident across this series, with coordination geometry and carboxylate binding mode serving important structure-directing roles. {[Cd2(tca)2(Hdpa)2]·7H2O}n (1) possesses one-dimensional (1-D) ribbon motifs with pendant Hdpa+ ligands and a new 4-connected supramolecular topology, along with co-crystallized water molecule tapes. {[Cd3(acon)2(dpa)2(H2O)2]·4H2O}n (2) has a 4,4-connected binodal lattice with frl (4264)4(6482) topology, while the structurally related phase {[Zn3(tca)2(dpa)2]·2H2O}n (3) has a 4,4-connected binodal lattice with a novel (426282)4(6284) topology. [Cu(Htca)(dpa)]n (4) manifests a 3,5-connected binodal net with rare (4.62)(4.6683) topology. Thermal stability of these materials is discussed. Complexes 1–3 undergo blue-violet l...
Mysterious Malinche: A Case of Mistaken Identity*

In Shakespeare’s play, Pericles, the leading character interrogates a woman whom he does not know is actually his daughter, Marina. In his excitement, King Pericles asks: Where were you bred?/ And how achieved you these endowments, which/ You make more rich to owe? Whereupon Marina replies: If I/ Should tell my history, it would seem like lies/ Disdained in the reporting. How ironic that Shakespeare’s Marina bears a resemblance to the well-known Aztec princess, Malinche, also known as Marina. For the researcher engaged in telling the history of Malinche, there exists an inherent case of mistaken identity in particular indices and annotations to documents that are relevant to her history—a mistake as perplexing and deceptive as if to “seem like lies disdained in the reporting,”
Market risk appraisal of venture investment

VC is a high-risk investment. Awareness of the risks of investment projects will increase the confidence of venture capital firms and venture capital projects. The paper analyzes the types and the nature of VC, the market risk is the focus of attention. The forecasting and assessment of enterprise investment is an important component of risk analysis. The market risks are qualitatively analyzed, and the quantitative evaluation method is proposed. The application examples show that the method can correctly assess the market risk of investment project, and guide the business to manage and operate the risk investment projects.
Reality of Single Circulating Tumor Cell Sequencing for Molecular Diagnostics in Pancreatic Cancer

To understand the potential and limitations of circulating tumor cell (CTC) sequencing for molecular diagnostics, we investigated the feasibility of identifying the ubiquitous KRAS mutation in single CTCs from pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. We used the NanoVelcro/laser capture microdissection CTC platform, combined with whole genome amplification and KRAS Sanger sequencing. We assessed both KRAS codon-12 coverage and the degree that allele dropout during whole genome amplification affected the detection of KRAS mutations from single CTCs. We isolated 385 single cells, 163 from PC cell lines and 222 from the blood of 12 PC patients, and obtained KRAS sequence coverage in 218 of 385 single cells (56.6%). For PC cell lines with known KRAS mutations, single mutations were detected in 67% of homozygous cells but only 37.4% of heterozygous single cells, demonstrating that both coverage and allele dropout are important causes of mutation detection failure from single cells. We could detect KRAS mutations in CTCs from 11 of 12 patients (92%) and 33 of 119 single CTCs sequenced, resulting in a KRAS mutation detection rate of 27.7%. Importantly, KRAS mutations were never found in the 103 white blood cells sequenced. Sequencing of groups of cells containing between 1 and 100 cells determined that at least 10 CTCs are likely required to reliably assess KRAS mutation status from CTCs.
Spectral Theory and Banach Algebras

The spectrum of a bounded operator on a Banach space is best studied within the context of Banach algebras, and most of this chapter is devoted to the theory of Banach algebras. However, one should keep in mind that it is the spectral theory of operators that we want to understand. Many examples are discussed in varying detail. While the general theory is elegant and concise, it depends on its power to simplify and illuminate important examples such as those that gave it life in the first place.
Auditing an Online Self-reported Interventional Radiology Adverse Event Database for Compliance and Accuracy

The purpose of this study was to determine whether auditing an online self-reported interventional radiology quality assurance database improves compliance with record entry or improves the accuracy of adverse event (AE) reporting and grading. Physicians were trained in using the database before the study began. An audit of all database entries for the first 3 months, or the first quarter, was performed, at which point physicians were informed of the audit process; entries for the subsequent 3 months, or the second quarter, were again audited. Results between quarters were compared. Compliance with record entry improved from the first to second quarter, but reminders were necessary to ensure 100% compliance with record entry. Knowledge of the audit process did not significantly improve self-reporting of AE or accuracy of AE grading. However, auditing significantly changed the final AE reporting rates and grades.
23 cm long Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/-based EDFA for picosecond pulse amplification with 80 nm gain bandwidth

Amplification of a 1 ps pulse train in a 22.7 cm Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3)-based erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is reported. An amplification bandwidth of 80 nm, from 1520 to 1600 nm is demonstrated. Because of the short length, amplification of picosecond pulses is achieved without pulse broadening over a wide wavelength range.
Signatures of transient electron localisation in high-order harmonic generation

ABSTRACTWe identify and explain signatures of ongoing single-electron nonadiabatic dynamics in the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectrum of H+2. We establish the necessary laser parameter criteria for the modulation of the highest energy section of the HHG spectrum by suppressed ionisation due to transient electron localisation. This minimum is also shown to enable the emergence of an unusually complex interference structure at the highest energies of the spectrum caused by the breaking of inversion symmetry during sequential recombination events of the electron wavepacket. By inspecting the time-domain structure of the emitted radiation, we identify the role of transient electron localisation in modulating the amplitudes of individual peaks within the attosecond pulse train. Finally, an analysis of the phase mismatch accumulated within this highly structured region of HHG is performed, showing qualitative differences in coherence lengths present in different regions of the spectrum.
Evaluation of COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan CMV Test for use in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection that contributes to poor outcomes in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Prevention of CMV end-organ disease in allogeneic HSCT recipients is commonly achieved by preemptive antiviral therapy of asymptomatic CMV reactivation that is detected by serial nucleic acid testing (NAT). However, there was no standardized CMV NAT until the development of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard.Areas covered: This article provides a comprehensive review on COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan (CAP/CTM) CMV assay (Roche) and emphasizes the limitations in the clinical use of CMV NAT in HSCT recipients.Expert commentary: The CAP/CTM CMV Test is the first US FDA approved commercial quantitative NAT for CMV viral load monitoring of plasma samples in solid organ transplant and HSCT recipients. The CAP/CTM assay has wide linear range of DNA quantification and demonstrates colinearity to the WHO International Standard. St...
From Utopia to Apology: The European Union and the Challenge of Liberal Supranationalism

Amid the wealth of scholarship on European integration and its values, positive political liberty tends to languish in the background while democracy, efficiency, and other goals occupy the limelight. This short contribution aims to correct that neglect by setting out a normative approach to European integration that places positive political liberalism front and center. I offer this approach, which I call liberal supranationalism, as a complement to existing normative accounts of European integration. I make three claims. First, I claim that liberal supranationalism offers a particularly appealing normative orientation for the project of European integration. Second, I claim that, to the extent that liberal supranationalism is appealing, the political structure of the Union should be developed in such a way that maximally satisfies the demands of positive political liberalism across three dimensions of what I call the supranational governance triangle. Third, I claim that liberal supranationalism gives us a fresh perspective on a familiar topic—the loss of the Member State legislative veto—by highlighting an under-appreciated connection between rights of veto and exit in the European legal order.
Chapter 34 – Planetary Satellites

A planetary satellite is any one of the celestial bodies in orbit around a planet, which is known as the primary body. They range from large, planetlike, geologically active worlds with significant atmospheres, such as Neptune's satellite Triton and Saturn's satellite Titan, to tiny irregular objects tens of kilometers in diameter. The satellites in the inner solar system—the two moons of Mars and the Earth's Moon—are composed primarily of rocky material. The satellites of the outer solar system, with the exception of Io, all have as major components some type of frozen volatile, primarily water ice, and also methane, ammonia, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or sulfur dioxide existing alone or in combination with other volatiles. As of the end of 2013, the planets have among them a total of 173 known satellites (compare the list of satellites in the appendix). There undoubtedly exist many more undiscovered small satellites in the outer solar system. The relative sizes of the main satellites are illustrated in Figure 34.1. Table 34.1 is a summary of their characteristics. This chapter covers the satellites of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, except the Galilean satellites (the four largest moons of Jupiter), Triton, Titan, and Enceladus (see The volcanic Moon; Galilean Satellites; Titan; Enceladus; Triton; Pluto and Charon).
Philosophy’s Role in Ethics Across the Curriculum: Failures, Successes, and Suggestions for the Future

This paper is a report on the academic discipline of Philosophy and its engagement in practical/applied ethics—primarily including the teaching of ethics across the university. The involvement of philosophers individually and philosophy as a discipline in civic and public engagement or anywhere practical ethics is being discussed or taught will also be considered. This includes making policy in government, corporations, professions, or in any societal discussions where there is need for practical determinations of an ethical nature. In keeping with a common philosophical practice—the grounding of scholarship in the history of philosophy, tradition and the accepted canon—the chapter begins with the philosophical and public engagement of Socrates in 428 BCE. The conclusion argues that 18th century moral sentimentalist, David Hume, has insights into human nature and moral development that are helpful to effective philosophical engagement in the 21st century.
A deep look into thin melanomas: What’s new for the clinician and the impact on the patient

Abstract Melanoma incidence and mortality are on the rise and although most new cases of melanoma are thin, a significant percentage of these patients still experience disease progression. The American Joint Committee on Cancer publishes staging criteria for melanoma, which were recently updated to the 8th edition. The most significant revision from the 7th edition affects the T1b classification, which now includes melanomas with a Breslow depth of 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm. The second major revision eliminates mitoses as a criterion to upstage a thin melanoma to T1b. Although mitotic figures have been established as an independent prognostic factor, they do not have a significant correlation with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy positivity. SLN status remains the most important independent prognostic factor in thin melanomas. Nonetheless, the identification of patients who are at the highest risk for having a positive SLN test result remains difficult. Importantly, a positive SLN test result has high positive predictive value, but a negative one has very low negative predictive value. Since there is no proven survival benefit in performing an SLN biopsy in T1 disease, dermatologists need to have a personalized discussion with patients with thin melanomas to review expected risks and benefits before undertaking this procedure.