cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on thymic humoral factor prepared from guinea pigs: the influence of dietary vitamin C.

SummaryThe present study describes a bioassay system for evalulating the activity of thymic humoral factor. The X-irradiation depressed weight and hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme activity of rat thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were partially restored by thymus extract, but not by spleen extract injections. The influence of dietary vitamin C on the maintenance or production of thymic humoral factor was also investigated. Thymus extracts prepared from guinea pigs maintained on high levels of vitamin C accelerated the regeneration of lymphatic tissue weight and restored hexose monophosphate shunt enzyme activity, whereas further loss of tissue weight and depressed enzyme activity occurred in the irradiated rats treated with thymus extract prepared from guinea pigs maintained on low levels of vitamin C. The evidence thus suggests that thymic humoral factor production or activity is dependent in part on vitamin C. The concentration of total ascorbic acid in the thymus of hypovitaminotic guinea pigs had decre...
Laboratory Studies of Sterility and Competitiveness of Boll Weevils Irradiated in an Atmosphere of Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, or Air

Almost all male Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman treated with 7 krad of gamma irradiation in air were dead within 14 days but over half of the males irradiated in an atmosphere of nitrogen lived for at least 21 days. Males were still 98–100% sterile when allowed to mate 3 and 7 days after treatment with 7 krad in nitrogen; however, by the 10th day, sterility had dropped to ca. 85%. Dissections on the 21st day posttreatment revealed that many males had enlarged testes with sperm bundles, indicating that they had recovered fertility. A dosage of 10 krad in nitrogen was required to maintain a level of at least 99% sterility; at this dosage level, survival, sterility in both sexes, and male mating capability were the same as for 8 krad in air. In laboratory tests, sexual competitiveness of males exposed to 10 krad in nitrogen (0.85) was significantly higher than that of males exposed to 8 krad in air (0.51). These competitiveness values from the laboratory studies were much higher than the published figures for weevil competitiveness in the field (0.17–0.36). This lack of agreement indicates that not all of the significant factors associated with male competitiveness are measured by the usual laboratory tests.
Discussion on the epidemiological characteristics and control strategies of measles in Huangshan City from 2002-2006

Objective To analyse the epidemiological characteristic of measles in 2002~2006 in Huangshan City and develop a series of strategies for measles control.Methods The data of epidemiological investigation and surveillance reports of infectious diseases were analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software.Results Totally 706 suspected measles cases were reported in2002~2006 in Huangshan City,with 380 cases confirmed,7 cases clinically diagnosed,319 cases excluded.Average annual incidence was 5.27/lakh.It was found that both sporadic measles and outbreaks occurred in the prefecture.The most measles cases were 5~39 years old,29.20% had measles vaccine immunization history,32.30% were non-vaccinated and 38.50% were uncertain.The seasonal peak appeared from March to May and December.Conclusions The main factors leading to measles outbreaks were zero immunization and failure of immunization.Routine vaccination should be reinforced,At the same time the immunization of measles vaccines among older-age groups should be taken seriously.Strengthening the measles surveillance and improving the quality are the key measures to accelerate measles control.
New aspects on the etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis from the pathologic viewpoint

Three main atherogenic processes are recognised today: hyperlipemia, arterial wall injury and parietal thrombosis. The role of hyperlipemia is supported, among other things, by the following: 1. Experimentally, protracted hyperlipemia can reproduce faithfully the lesions and all complications of advanced human atherosclerosis. 2. Immunohistochemically, plaque lipoproteins are identical with certain blood lipoproteins. 3. The incidence of atherosclerosis in different populations roughly parallels the average blood lipid levels of these populations. 4. Dietary and pharmacological reductions of blood lipid levels in certain populations have reduced the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis in these populations. Prolonged hyperlipemia generates arterial plaques by causing penetration of blood lipids into the myocytes of the inner arterial wall, immigration of lipid-laden monocytes into the subendothelial space, and increased endothelial permeability for blood lipoproteins and mitogens. All types of arterial wall injury diminish the endothelial barrier and increase endothelial permeability for blood lipoproteins and mitogenic factors. Seven groups of naturally occurring arterial insults are recognised today: hemodynamic turbulence, hypertension, metabolic insults (including hyperlipemia), immune insults, viruses, exogenous chemicals, and obstruction of adventitial lymphatics. These insults usually cause a functional increase of endothelial permeability (when mild) or a loosening of interendothelial junctions (when intense). Parietal thrombosis develops practically only in atherosclerotic-almost never in normal-arteries. It is most frequently initiated by tiny breaks of plaque surfaces, breaks which expose blood to the highly thrombogenic collagen and lipid masses that abound in the atherosclerotic--but are absent from the normal arterial wall. parietal thrombi are overgrown by endothelium, turned into fibrous tissue and incorporated into the underlying plaques, whose thickness they can thus greatly increase.
Selection BIAS: Stereotypes and discrimination related to having a history of cancer

Although great strides have been made in increasing equality and inclusion in organizations, a number of stigmatized groups are overlooked by diversity initiatives, including people with a history of cancer. To examine the workplace experiences of these individuals in selection contexts, we conducted 3 complementary studies that assess the extent to which cancer is disclosed, the stereotypes associated with cancer in the workplace, and discrimination resulting from these stereotypes. In a pilot study, we surveyed 196 individuals with a history of cancer (across 2 samples) about their workplace disclosure habits. In Study 1, we explored stereotypes related to employees with a history of cancer using the framework outlined by the stereotype content model. In Study 2, we used a field study to assess the experiences of job applicants who indicated they were "cancer survivors" (vs. not) with both formal and interpersonal forms of discrimination. This research shows that cancer is disclosed at relatively high rates (pilot study), those with a history of cancer are stereotyped as being higher in warmth than competence (Study 1), and the stereotypes associated with those who have had cancer result in actual discrimination toward them (Study 2). We discuss the theory behind these findings and aim to inform both science and practice with respect to this growing workplace population.
Botulism in the Horse

Botulism should be considered in cases where weakness, paralysis, or intolerance to exercise might be seen in the horse. Dysphagia may also be present, although it is not a consistent finding. Potential sources include carrion in hay, moldy or otherwise rotted vegetation or forage, birds carrying material from animal burial or other similar sites, and contaminated carcasses on-site. Diagnosis of botulism is often a clinical diagnosis backed up by elimination of other possible infectious, injurious, or toxic causes of weakness of the horse. Definitive diagnosis and type identification in the laboratory are difficult and usually require a suitable sample of the source material. Treatment often is unrewarding unless a case is identified early, and the proper antitoxin is readily available. Prevention involves common sense approaches to feeding and care of the horse and, where possible, judicious use of vaccination in endemic areas.
Structural Basis for Recombinatorial Permissiveness in the Generation of Anaplasma marginale Msp2 Antigenic Variants.

ABSTRACT Sequential expression of outer membrane protein antigenic variants is an evolutionarily convergent mechanism used by bacterial pathogens to escape host immune clearance and establish persistent infection. Variants must be sufficiently structurally distinct to escape existing immune effectors yet retain the core structural elements required for localization and function within the outer membrane. We examined this balance using Anaplasma marginale, which generates antigenic variants in the outer membrane protein Msp2 using gene conversion. The overwhelming majority of Msp2 variants expressed during long-term persistent infection are mosaics, derived by recombination of oligonucleotide segments from multiple alleles to form unique hypervariable regions (HVR). As a result, the mosaics are not under long-term selective pressure to encode a functional protein; consequently, we hypothesized that the Msp2 HVR is structurally permissive for mosaic expression. Using an integrated approach of predictive modeling with determination of the native Msp2 protein structure and function, we demonstrate that structured elements, most notably, β-sheets, are significantly concentrated in the highly conserved N- and C-terminal domains. In contrast, the HVR is overwhelmingly a random coil, with the structured α-helices and β-sheets being confined to the genomically defined structural tethers that separate the antigenically variable microdomains. This structure is supported by the surface exposure of the HVR microdomains and the slow diffusion-type porin function in native Msp2. Importantly, the predominance of the random coil provides plasticity for the formation of functional HVR mosaics and realization of the full potential of segmental gene conversion to dramatically expand the variant repertoire.
Primate PET scanner count rate analysis with [F-18]FDG dosed nonhuman primates

1484 Objectives PET image quality is limited by statistical noise. The pseudo noise equivalent count rate (PNECR) of Watson et al. is a related figure of merit. Given a phantom scan spanning a range of singles rates, a full PNECR vs singles-rate curve can be deduced for a subject from data acquired at one singles rate. We calculate PNECR for a series of FDG scans performed on the Focus 220 (Siemens) primate scanner to evaluate dosing strategy. Methods Static 18F FDG PET scans (185 MBq, 1 hour uptake) were performed on macaque monkeys (3-10 kg). Scans focused on the lungs and consisted of 2 or 3 10-min bed positions and included regions outside of the lung. A phantom (11 cm diameter, 17 cm height) was filled with a solution of 11C and dynamically scanned for 6 half lives. Rates of singles and prompt and delayed coincidences were recorded for each monkey scan and at 10 min. time points for the phantom scan. PNECR curves were deduced as a function of singles rate for each bed position of each subject (362 curves). An average curve for all beds/subjects was also generated. Results The average PNECR curve has a broad peak at a singles count rate of 14 – 20 Mcps. On average, scans were performed at a singles rate of 7.3 Mcps resulting in a PNECR value of 83% of maximum PNECR. Each subject9s singles rate was below the peak of their individual PNECR curve. Conclusions Additional dose could safely be given to all subjects. In some cases this would result in image quality improvement. However, to maximize the average curve would, considering deadtime, require a dose of 2.5 times the current dose and would result in only a modest increase in PNECR. Research Support Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Probing the Soft and Nanoductile Mechanical Nature of Single and Polycrystalline Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Flexible Functional Devices

Although organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have been extensively investigated for promising applications in energy-related devices, their mechanical properties, which restrict their practical deployment as flexible and wearable devices, have been largely unexplored at the atomistic level. Toward this level of understanding, we predict the elastic constant matrix and various elastic properties of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) using atomistic simulations. We find that single-crystalline MAPbI3 is much stiffer and exhibits higher ultimate tensile strength than polycrystalline samples, but the latter exhibit unexpected, greatly enhanced nanoductility and fracture toughness, resulting from the extensive amorphization during the yielding process. More interestingly, polycrystalline MAPbI3 exhibits inverse Hall–Petch grain-boundary strengthening effect, in which the yield stress is reduced when decreasing the grain size, due to amorphous grain boundaries. By monitoring the centro-symmetry parameter and local stress evo...
Cancer rehabilitation outpatient consultation: Patient characteristics, symptom burden and quality of life.

136Background: Cancer rehabilitation focuses on the functional and psychological needs of cancer survivors. Patient-reported outcomes have been increasingly used as part of the standard of care during clinical encounters. We review characteristics that patients present to their outpatient cancer rehabilitation consultation at a large academic hospital. Methods: Patients presenting for their first outpatient cancer rehabilitation consultation completed a paper copy of the PROMIS-10 (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) instrument immediately prior to meeting with the physician. It includes 10 items evaluating quality of life, social life, functional activity, mental health, pain, and fatigue. A caregiver or health care provider could provide assistance in completing the form. Patient-reported outcomes were analyzed as part of an IRB-approved protocol. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the “PROMIS Scoring Global Short Form v1.0 and v1.1” (12/16/2010). T-Score distribut...
Predictors of substantiated re-reports in a sample of children with initial unsubstantiated reports

Many children with unsubstantiated reports of child abuse and neglect repeatedly return to the child protection system, indicating that unsubstantiated reports may represent actual child maltreatment or risk for future maltreatment. Identifying patterns of re-reporting and predictors that may be associated with later substantiated re-reporting could help to identify children who are very likely to be maltreated. This knowledge may guide the development of policies and interventions to prevent further maltreatment and the risk for re-reports. The aims of this study were to: (1) measure the period between the time of the initial reports that were not substantiated and the time of first substantiated re-reports; and (2) identify factors associated with the risk of later substantiated re-reporting. The study analyzed secondary data from the Longitudinal Studies on Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) through survival analysis. Of the 378 children with initially unsubstantiated reports, 81% were re-reported, of which almost two-thirds were substantiated. Children who were younger, non-white, and had caregivers with more depressive symptoms were at increased risk of a substantiated re-report. Among those that were later substantiated, 20% were substantiated within one year. Findings suggest that targeted preventative services should be developed and provided for families who are reported for the first time, even if not substantiated.
High-scale supersymmetry, the Higgs boson mass, and gauge unification

Suppressing naturalness concerns, we discuss the compatibility requirements of high-scale supersymmetry breaking with the Higgs boson mass constraint and gauge coupling unification. We find that to accommodate superpartner masses significantly greater than the electroweak scale, one must introduce large nondegeneracy factors. These factors are enumerated for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, and implications for the allowed forms of supersymmetry breaking are discussed. We find that superpartner masses of arbitrarily high values are allowed for suitable values of $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ and the nondegeneracy factors. We also compute the large, but viable, threshold corrections that would be necessary at the unification scale for exact gauge coupling unification. Whether or not high-scale supersymmetry can be realized in this context is highly sensitive to the precise value of the top quark Yukawa coupling, highlighting the importance of future improvements in the top quark mass measurement.
RAYMOND J. CHAMBERS' CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING THOUGHT

Raymond J. Chambers was an internationally recognized scholar, influential theorist, as well as an important contributor to the study of the history of accounting thought. He was an advocate of the needs of financial statement users. He investigated what users, not accountants, considered important and what in fact was relevant to their decision-making. He challenged existing theoretical propositions which he believed were only rationalization of current practices. He argued that the lack of a rigorously developed theory of accounting led to contradictory and less relevant accounting practices. In his theory of continuously contemporary accounting (CoCoA), he demonstrated with logic and evidence that only an accounting system based on market selling prices is relevant to users' evaluation and decision-making process. Chambers dedicated a significant amount of his most recent work to his Thesaurus [1995] and to the origins and developments of conventional accounting. He endeavored to refute the widely held...
Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS) in a tertiary Parkinson disease treatment center.

Abstract Introduction Dopamine agonists are a mainstay of treatment for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, side effects limit their use, often necessitating dose change. Upon withdrawal, patients may experience dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS). To date, there is no established protocol for the prevention or treatment of DAWS. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of PD patients who were taking a dopamine agonist. Results In our large cohort of 313 PD patients who were on a dopamine agonist, we found that 39.5% (n = 124) had a change in their dose of medication for various reasons, including 102 patients who experienced a side effect on a dopamine agonist. Twenty out of 102 patients (19.6%) developed symptoms consistent with DAWS, whereas 1 out of 22 patients (4.5%) who had medication dose changed due to any other reason (e.g. dyskinesias, DBS surgery, decreased by another provider, etc.) developed symptoms consistent with DAWS. Our DAWS population had a shorter duration of PD, less exposure to a dopamine agonist, and was on a lower dose compared to those patients who did not develop DAWS. Agitation was the most common DAWS symptom reported in our cohort. Interestingly, in terms of developing DAWS, the prevalence of DAWS (19.0% vs 16.5%; p = 0.76) between partial versus total discontinuation was not significantly different whether the dopamine agonist dose was decreased (21 patients) or completely stopped (103 patients). Conclusion Contrary to previous reports, we have found that other side effects besides impulse control behavioral disorders also increase risk for developing DAWS. Furthermore, the prevalence of DAWS did not differ between partial versus total discontinuation of the dopamine agonist.
Identifying HER2 mutation, amplification, and HER2 protein overexpression as therapeutic targets in lung cancers.

e20666Background: We have previously shown that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) mutation and amplification represent distinct molecular entities in lung cancers (Li J Thorac ...
Intubation is not a marker for coma after in-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective study

Abstract Introduction In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) strikes over 200,000 people in the United States annually. Targeted temperature management (TTM) is considered beneficial in other settings, but there is no prospective data for IHCA. Recent work on TTM and IHCA found an association between TTM and worse outcome. However, the authors used intubation as a marker for coma to determine eligibility for TTM. The validity of this approach is unexplored. Methods Retrospective, single center study of adult patients with IHCA occurring in an intensive care unit, intubated prior to or during the event, or immediately after ROSC. We evaluated the percentage of patients documented as comatose after arrest, defined as Glasgow Comas Score (GCS) Results 29/102 (28%) intubated patients had a post-ROSC GCS ≥ 8, and 22 (22%) were documented as following commands. Survival in patients with GCS ≥ 8 vs. Conclusions Intubation prior to or during IHCA was not a valid marker of coma after ROSC. Post-ROSC mental status was associated with hospital survival, and thus could be an important confounder when conducting observational studies on the association of TTM with outcomes in this patient population.
Synovial Chondromatosis Involving the Long Head of the Biceps

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the shoulder is a rare condition that can lead to degenerative arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. The disease affects young adults in the age range of 30–50 years with a male predominance of 2:1 (Ho, Choueka. J Hand Surg Am 38:804–10, 2013). The pathogenesis of SC involves benign metaplastic change of foci of the synovial membrane with associated hyperplasia. These foci eventually form pedunculated masses or nodules that separate, forming loose bodies within the joint space. Over time, these loose bodies are capable of endochondral ossification, forming hardened loose bodies that can lead to erosive damage of the articulating surfaces and predispose to the development of arthritis (Fowble, Levy. Arthroscopy 19:E2, 2003).
Fundamental Effects of Cold Working on the Creep Resistance of an Austenitic Alloy

Fundamental reasons for the improvement in creep resistance of an austenitic alloy by cold working were investigated mainly by X-ray diffraction. The creep resistance was found to be improved by the internal stresses in the lattice of the alloy induced by the cold work.
Adapting narrative methodology to explore emerging fields

ABSTRACTResearch on new literacies and technology can be a challenging prospect for researchers due to the emerging nature of the subject. In this article, we present our experience using an innova...
Chemical Turing Patterns and Diffusive Instabilities

The Brusselator activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion model is considered and conditions deduced by a normal-mode linear stability analysis for the development of chemical Turing instabilities over a parameter range for which the dynamical system in the absence of diffusion would exhibit a stable homogeneous distribution. The effect the introduction of an immobilizer would have on such diffusive instabilities is also examined. The limitations of linear stability predictions of this sort are discussed and the results of a nonlinear stability analysis which will be treated in detail in later chapters are sketched for the Brusselator. In the problems similar normal-mode linear stability analyses of the Schnackenberg simplification of the Brusselator and a simplified version of the so-called CDIMA (Chlorine Dioxide Iodine Malonic Acid) chemical reaction-diffusion system are considered.
Echocardiographic predictors of neonatal illness severity in fetuses with critical left heart obstruction with intact or restrictive atrial septum

BACKGROUND Neonates with critical left heart obstruction and intact atrial septum (IAS) or restrictive atrial septum (RAS) are at risk for hypoxia within hours of birth and remain a group at high risk for mortality. METHODS Prenatally diagnosed fetuses with critical left heart obstruction and IAS or RAS with follow-up from January 1, 2005, to February 14, 2017, were included. Primary outcome was a composite measure of severe neonatal illness (pH 5 mmol/L, or median oxygen saturation < 60% within 2 hours of birth). RESULTS Of 68 live born fetuses, 52 (76.5%) had hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 14 (20.5%) had critical aortic stenosis, and two (3%) had complex anatomy with mitral stenosis/atresia. There were 27 (39.7%) fetuses with IAS and 41 (60.3%) with RAS. Severe neonatal illness was present in 36 (52.9%). The strongest discriminators for severe neonatal illness were a pulmonary vein A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 (P < 0.001, AUC 0.93) and larger pulmonary vein diameter (P = 0.025, AUC 0.77). A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 predicted death or transplant (log-rank P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and IAS or RAS, A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 is predictive of severe neonatal instability. This threshold can help guide resource planning, delivery management, and improve fetal intervention criteria.
Quality Improvement in Noninvasive Imaging: Present and Future Initiatives

Indicators of quality services in pediatric and congenital echocardiography include structural, process, and outcome factors. Structural indicators involve the available resources related to the facility, the equipment, and the staff. Process indicators relate primarily to the activities and tasks associated with echocardiography, and these include patient selection as well as study performance, interpretation, and reporting. Outcome indicators involve the results of quality services and are intimately related to quality improvement activities as well as quality metrics. Current quality improvement activities in the field of pediatric and congenital echocardiography include development of the accreditation process for sonographers, physicians, and echocardiography laboratories; evaluation of productivity standards within echocardiography laboratories; identification of appropriate use criteria specific to pediatric and congenital echocardiography; and establishment of a robust database of normal reference values for cardiovascular measurements in children. Candidate quality metrics currently in development involve reporting of critical results, adverse events with sedated studies, variability of echocardiographic measurements, diagnostic errors, study completeness, and image quality.
Stochastic Modeling of the Aggregation-Gating Site

A nerve signal is usually taken to be controlled by way of a potassium- and a sodium-conductance system, each consisting of a large number of discrete sites located in the axon membrane. At each site either predominantly potassium ions or predominantly sodium ions can cross the membrane (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952; Hille, 1975a). It is generally presumed that such a site is made up of one or several proteins forming a permanent pore-shaped opening in the membrane. This opening provides a channel for the flow of ions (Fig la). The flow of ions through the channel of this hypothetical site is controlled by specialized domains in the protein structure that can obstruct the channel and can thus function as gates. Opening and closing of the channel gates (also referred to as gating †) is thought to occur via conformational change in the protein. That is to say, the process of gating in this model can be related to the familiar experience of the opening and closing of a door.
The Maize Corngrass1 miRNA-Regulated Developmental Alterations Are Restored by a Bacterial ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Transgenic Tobacco

Crop-based bioethanol has raised concerns about competition with food and feed supplies, and technologies for second- and third-generation biofuels are still under development. Alternative feedstocks could fill this gap if they can be converted to biofuels using current sugar- or starch-to-ethanol technologies. The aim of this study was to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by simultaneously expressing the maize Corngrass1 miRNA (Cg1) and E. coli ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), both of which have been reported to enhance carbohydrate accumulation in planta. Our findings revealed that expression of Cg1 alone increased shoot branching, delayed flowering, reduced flower organ size, and induced loss of fertility. These changes were fully restored by coexpressing Escherichia coli glgC. The transcript level of miRNA156 target SQUAMOSA promoter binding-like (SPL) transcription factors was suppressed severely in Cg1-expressing lines as compared to the wild type. Expression of glgC alone or in combination with Cg1 enhanced biomass yield and total sugar content per plant, suggesting the potential of these genes in improving economically important biofuel feedstocks. A possible mechanism of the Cg1 phenotype is discussed. However, a more detailed study including genome-wide transcriptome and metabolic analysis is needed to determine the underlying genetic elements and pathways regulating the observed developmental and metabolic changes.
The Application Research of Very Low Frequency Diagnostic Methods in Acceptance Tests on New Cable Systems of Medium Voltage

Tangent delta (TD) measurements using very low frequency (VLF) sinusoidal waveform in aged cable system have been proved sensitive to water tree degradation and insulation aging. Whereas, the application of VLF in acceptance tests on new cable systems of medium voltage is still on research and development. This paper presents an experimental study of the capability of the main VLF testing methods for newly installed 10kV XLPE cable systems in acceptance tests. Compared with oscillation wave excitation, the different waveforms including sinusoidal (Sinus) and cosine-rectangular (CR) of VLF voltage were employed to stress the nine samples of artificial defects of different types. Various characteristics of TD measurement and partial discharge (PD) measurement were analyzed. The results showed that VLF-Sinus voltage has a distinctive ability of detection for a wet or lossy accessory through TD or PD measurements. It is recommended to employ a combination of the monitored VLF-Sinus withstand with TD measurement and the PD measurement under damped alternative current (DAC) or VLF-CR as field diagnostic tools in acceptance test for newly installed cables.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ АНТРОПОМОРФНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ С ГИБКИМИ ПЕРЕДАЧАМИ ВВЕДЕНИЕМ ВИРТУАЛЬНЫХ ЗВЕНЬЕВ

Anthropomorphic walking robots are among the most promising robot types, due to the possibility to introduce them into the urbane environment through the use of the existing infrastructure. Control systems developed for such robots require access to the exact mathematical models of these robots, taking into account the properties of actuators, gears and sensors. In this paper, we consider approaches to describing the model of a bipedal walking robot with elastic drives. The robot is a three-link mechanism that moves in the sagittal plane and performs verticalization (sit-to-stand transfer). Two variants of describing the dynamics of the robot are shown. In the first variant, the number of equations describing the movement of the robot is doubled due to the introduction of elastic drives, in comparison with the case when there are no elastic elements present. In the second variant, there is robot model and the elastic element dynamics model, and bothare described separately. The advantages of this method include the fact that it allows us to preserve the structure and properties of the equations of motion of the mechanism used in constructing control methods in cases when the elastic properties of the gears are not taken into account, and it also allows to conserve the structure of the generalized inertia matrix. The simulation results are presented in two described previously variants, their comparison is made. It is established that both mathematical models behave almost identically, with the most significant differences manifested in the formation of control actions generated by the regulator.
The Effect of Load Uncertainty on Neuromotor Control in Catching: Gender Differences and Short Foreperiods

To reveal how the CNS copes with load uncertainty in catching, electromyography (EMG) was recorded in 15 females and 14 males while catching visually identical balls of known and unknown weights un...
HiRF: Hierarchical Random Field for Collective Activity Recognition in Videos

This paper addresses the problem of recognizing and localizing coherent activities of a group of people, called collective activities, in video. Related work has argued the benefits of capturing long-range and higher-order dependencies among video features for robust recognition. To this end, we formulate a new deep model, called Hierarchical Random Field (HiRF). HiRF models only hierarchical dependencies between model variables. This effectively amounts to modeling higher-order temporal dependencies of video features. We specify an efficient inference of HiRF that iterates in each step linear programming for estimating latent variables. Learning of HiRF parameters is specified within the max-margin framework. Our evaluation on the benchmark New Collective Activity and Collective Activity datasets, demonstrates that HiRF yields superior recognition and localization as compared to the state of the art.
OmicsOne: Associate Omics Data with Phenotypes in One-Click

Abstract The rapid advancements of high-throughput “omics” technologies have brought huge amount of data to process during and after experiments. Multi-omic analysis facilitates a deeper interrogation of a dataset, and discovery of interesting genes, proteins, lipids, glycans, or metabolites, or pathways related to the corresponding phenotypes in a study. Many individual software tools have been developed to analyze and visualize the data. However, integrating multiple omics data analysis strategies and approaches in a single data processing pipeline is still a challenge task. OmicsOne is a software developed in R, Python and Jupyter Notebook that can achieve statistical analysis, machine learning, and data visualization on multi-‘omics’ data by taking the advantages of integrating the useful tools from individual software packages. OmicsOne can simplify “omics” data analysis, and delineate molecules, or pathways associated to interested phenotypes.
Disease Control and the Promotion of Public Health Equity

The surge in non-communicable diseases has almost gone unnoticed for quite a while because non-communicable diseases were not even included in the initial health development agenda, specifically the Millennium Development Goals. Given the limited capacity in many low- and middle-income countries, this surge in non-communicable diseases becomes an even huge challenge for these countries to deal with as most of them are still ill-prepared. The costly and prolonged treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases and the fact that women are the most severely affected in the context of both communicable and non-communicable diseases raises the equity problem between and within countries. Prevention of con-communicable diseases is often undermined by rapid urbanisation and globalisation.
Clinical profile of comorbid dysmenorrhea and bladder sensitivity: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background Antecedents of chronic pelvic pain are not well characterized, but pelvic organ visceral sensitivity is a hallmark of these disorders. Recent studies have identified that some dysmenorrhea sufferers are much more likely to exhibit comorbid bladder hypersensitivity. Presumably, these otherwise healthy women may be at higher risk of developing full-blown chronic bladder pain later in life. To encourage early identification of patients harboring potential future risk of chronic pain, we describe the clinical profile of women matching this putative pain-risk phenotype. Objective(S) The objectives of the study were to characterize demographic, menstrual, pelvic examination, and psychosocial profiles of young women with comorbid dysmenorrhea and bladder hypersensitivity, defined using a standardized experimental visceral provocation test, contrasted with healthy controls, pure dysmenorrhea sufferers, and women with existing bladder pain syndrome. Study Design This prospective cohort study acquired data on participants with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea (n = 212), healthy controls (n = 44), and bladder pain syndrome (n = 27). A subgroup of dysmenorrhea patients was found on screening with noninvasive oral water challenge to report significantly higher bladder pain during experimentally monitored spontaneous bladder filling (>15 out of 100 on visual analogue scale, based on prior validation studies) and separately defined as a group with dysmenorrhea plus bladder pain. Medical/menstrual history and pain history were evaluated with questionnaires. Psychosocial profile and impact were measured with validated self-reported health status Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short forms and a Brief Symptom Inventory for somatic sensitivity. Pelvic anatomy and sensory sensitivity were examined via a standardized physical examination and a tampon provocation test. Results In our largely young, single, nulliparous cohort (24 ± 1 years old), approximately a quarter (46 out of 212) of dysmenorrhea sufferers tested positive for the dysmenorrhea plus bladder pain phenotype. Dysmenorrhea-only sufferers were more likely to be African American (24%) than healthy controls (5%, post hoc χ2, P = .007). Pelvic examination findings did not differ in the nonchronic pain groups, except for tampon test sensitivity, which was worse in dysmenorrhea plus bladder pain and dysmenorrhea sufferers vs healthy controls (2.6 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.2 vs 0.7 ± 0.2, P Conclusion Women with dysmenorrhea who are unaware they also have bladder sensitivity exhibit broad somatic sensitivity and elevated psychological distress, suggesting combined preclinical visceral sensitivity may be a precursor to chronic pelvic pain. Defining such precursor states is essential to conceptualize and test preventative interventions for chronic pelvic pain emergence. Dysmenorrhea plus bladder pain is also associated with higher self-reported pelvic pain unrelated to menses, suggesting central nervous system changes are present in this potential precursor state.
A new zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis dynamic transmission model with age-structure

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal, neglected tropical disease primarily caused by Leishmania donovani (L. donovani) and Leishmania infantum (L. infantum). According to VL infectious data reports from severely affected countries, children and teenagers (ages 0–20) have a significantly higher vulnerability to VL infection than other populations. This paper utilizes an infected function (by age) established from epidemic prevalence data to propose a new partial differential equation (PDE) model for infection transmission patterns for various age groups. This new PDE model can be used to study VL epidemics in time and age dimensions. Disease-free and endemic equilibriums are discussed in relation to theoretical stability of the PDE system. This paper also proposes system output adjustment using historical VL data from the World Health Organization. Statistical methods such as the moving average and the autoregressive methods are used to calibrate estimated prevalence trends, potentially minimizing differences between stochastic stimulation results and reported real-world data. Results from simulation experiments using the PDE model were used to predict the worldwide VL severity of the epidemic in the next four years (from 2017 to 2020).
Musculoskeletal and Associated Conditions in the Instrumental Musician

Lederman documented that between 73.4% and 87.7% of professional instrumental musicians suffer a playing-related musculoskeletal disorder (PRMD) during their careers. Although acute injuries are possible, chronic injuries from overuse or misuse explain the majority of musculoskeletal complaints. The cause of such injuries is vast and includes postural deficits, change in musical load, overall physical fitness, and psychological stress. Orthopedic injuries affecting musicians most commonly occur in the upper extremities and affect musicians playing all types of instruments including brass, string, percussion, woodwind, and electronic. While most conditions can be managed with conservative treatment, interventional methods may be necessary. Utilizing literature review and practitioner-based experience, this chapter provides an overview of etiologies, pathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, and treatment including future directions in the management of common musculoskeletal conditions affecting instrumental musicians. The provided information is directed to instrumental musicians and clinicians caring for them.
Clostridioides difficile Colitis

A 32-year-old woman presents with 3 days of crampy abdominal pain associated with frequent loose stools. She states that the diarrhea is now bloody and is occurring almost every hour. She was in good health until 2 weeks ago when she was diagnosed with pyelonephritis, treated with a 10-day course of ciprofloxacin. When she finished the antibiotic course a week ago, her urinary symptoms had completely resolved. On physical examination, she appears in moderate distress. Her temperature is 38.7°C and heart rate is 110 beats per minute. Her abdomen is not distended, but she has diffuse tenderness in all four quadrants. The remainder of her examination is normal. Several laboratory diagnostic tests are sent, including a complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, urinalysis, urine and stool cultures, and stool for Clostridioides difficile toxin. You explain to the patient that she most likely has developed C. difficile infection as a complication related to the antibiotic therapy used to treat her kidney infection and give her a prescription for 10 days of p.o. vancomycin. The next day, the laboratory confirms the presence of C. difficile toxin in the stool sample. When seen in follow-up a week later, the patient reports that she is doing well. Her diarrhea has resolved, and she is no longer having abdominal cramps. Nine days later, she returns to the office because her symptoms have recurred. She explains that she is now experiencing moderate abdominal cramps associated with watery stools every 2–3 hours and would like to be tested again for C. difficile infection. She has not felt feverish and has not noted blood in her stool. Her physical examination reveals diffuse abdominal tenderness, without distension or guarding. She has very active bowel sounds. You explain that approximately one in every five people experiences a recurrence after C. difficile infection. While repeat testing is unnecessary, repeat treatment is. You explain that the vast majority of people who experience a recurrence of infection respond completely to a repeat course of treatment, but that a small number of individuals do develop more stubborn disease that requires a change in the therapeutic approach. The patient is re-treated with 10 days of p.o. vancomycin. During follow-up discussions in the office 2 weeks later, and then by phone a month after that, the patient indicates that she has responded well to the second treatment course without signs of additional recurrences.
Poincaré Embedding Reveals Edge-Based Functional Networks of the Brain

Many approaches have been applied to fMRI data in order to understand the network organization of the brain. While the majority of these works defines networks as a collection of regions (i.e., nodes), there is ample evidence that defining networks as a collection of connections between regions (i.e., edges) offers numerous advantages, including a natural way of grouping regions into multiple networks. Here, we proposed a framework for creating edge-based networks from resting-state functional connectivity data. This framework relies on a novel embedding approach—based on the Poincare embedding—to handle the large number of edges found in fMRI data (e.g., \(O(N^2)\)). We applied this framework to resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project and compared the resultant networks to networks derived from clustering nodes and from previously proposed methods for clustering edges. While previous methods for clustering edges failed to discover a valuable network representation of the human brain, the edge-based networks derived from clustering the Poincare embedding showed clear and interpretable functional networks. Overall, our framework provides a novel tool for characterizing the functional network organization of the brain.
Spin dynamics of antiferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic bilayers—the case of Cr2WO6 and Cr2MoO6

Recent inelastic neutron diffraction measurements on Cr2(Te, W, Mo)O6 have revealed that these systems consist of bilayers of spin-3/2 Cr3+ ions with strong antiferromagnetic inter-bilayer coupling and tuneable intra-bilayer coupling from ferro (for W and Mo) to antiferro (for Te). These measurements have determined the ground state spin structure and the values of sublattice magnetization, which shows significant reduction of sublattice magnetization from the atomic spin value of 3.0 μ B for Cr3+ atoms. In an earlier paper we theoretically investigated the low temperature spin dynamics of Cr2TeO6 bilayer system where both the intra and inter-bilayer couplings are antiferromagnetic. In this paper we investigate Cr2WO6 and Cr2MoO6 systems where intra-bilayer exchange couplings are ferromagnetic but the inter-bilayer exchange couplings are antiferromagnetic. We obtain the magnon dispersion, sublattice magnetization, two-magnon density of states, longitudinal spin-spin correlation function, and its powder average and compare the results for these systems with results for Cr2TeO6.
Lexical-Semantic Cues Induce Sound Pattern Stability in Children With Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose When learning novel word forms, preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD; also known as specific language impairment) produce speech targets inaccurately and with a high degre...
Effects of Salinity on Hatchling Diamond-Backed Terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) Growth, Behavior, and Stress Physiology

Diamond-backed Terrapins inhabit coastal salt marshes along the eastern and Gulf coasts of North America. Terrapins are adapted to intermediate salinities yet frequently face saltwater-inundated marsh habitat exceeding 25 ppt (or grams/kilogram). We investigated the effect of salinity on the growth of hatchling terrapins and on their compensatory responses to salinity stress. We randomly assigned 30 terrapin hatchlings each to one of five salinity treatments (1, 5, 10, 20, or 35 ppt). Over 75 d, we regularly monitored behavior, appetite, and changes in growth; and calculated ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes (H:L ratio) to assess responses to prolonged salinity stress. Consistent with prior studies, chronic exposure to high salinity significantly reduced hatchling growth. Hatchlings in 20-ppt and 35-ppt salinities exhibited appetite suppression and saltwater avoidance and were more likely to show freshwater-seeking behaviors. H:L ratios were higher among hatchlings in 20- and 35-ppt salinities, consistent with a corticosterone-driven stress response to sustained high-salinity exposure, which may play a role in limiting growth. Our findings suggest hatchling growth and distribution among local habitats will vary spatially depending on habitat salinity and freshwater accessibility. The growth-limiting effects of chronically high salinity or limited access to freshwater could therefore increase hatchling mortality and be an important driver of spatial variation in terrapin demography and abundance. However, when freshwater sources are available, compensatory behaviors might reduce growth-limiting effects. Terrapin recruitment is likely to be impacted as rising sea levels, increased human water use, land development, and other anthropogenic changes alter freshwater inputs to coastal marshes.