cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the efficacy of interactive visualization for decision making for complex systems

Interactive visualization has become a popular approach to support decision makers coping with complex decision problems in the commercial world. However, it is not clear that these interactive visualizations result in better decision making. Human judgment under uncertainty is known to fall victim to a number of biases that result from the heuristics that we employ, yet the design of many interactive visualizations seems to favor aesthetic impact over mitigating biases. We hypothesize that as the complexity of the decision problem increases, improperly designed visualizations will lead decision makers to mistake spurious correlations as causal relationships. In this paper, we discuss findings from the literature that reinforce this concern. We consider the possibility that properly designed aiding could be used to mitigate these effects, and we describe a series of experiments that we are performing to test this hypothesis. Our first experiment suggested that experts were less likely to latch on to an oversimplified causal mechanism than non-experts. Consequently, our second experiment is intended to test an aiding approach designed to encourage non-experts to consider more possibilities.
Anaerobic digestion for solids reduction and detoxification of refinery waste streams

Abstract Lab scale studies were conducted to test the anaerobic digestibility of two waste streams acquired from a petrochemical refinery. The waste streams comprised float from the dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit and waste activated sludge (WAS) from the biological treatment unit. Three semi continuous anaerobic digesters (AD) examined mono and co-digestion of the substrates. Mono-digestion of WAS yielded the highest reductions in organics whereas substrates with portions of DAF float showed inhibition. Prior to AD, batch bioassays were used as a preliminary tool to determine the toxicity profiles and the biodegradability of the samples. Pretreatment of the feeds by ozonation exhibited improvement in the digestion of DAF float with a higher digester hydraulic retention time (HRT), indicated by increased solids removal. Ozonation also resulted in enhanced removal of toxic organic compounds found in DAF float.
Supply Chain Management in the Presence of Secondary Market

This paper studies the impacts of online secondary markets on a supply chain. Retailers who recognize that there is a secondary market to dispose of their excess inventory, might make higher purchase quantities in the beginning of a product life cycle. On the other hand, given that there is a secondary market that one can tap into for future needs, a retailer may reduce its initial purchase quantities. We endogenously derive the optimal decisions for the retailers, and explore the impacts of the secondary market on the performance of the supply chain as a whole. Next, we explore the impact of a manufacturer’s participation in the secondary markets, together with the retailers, for a special kind of secondary market known as diversion. In addition, we study the role of the secondary market as a mechanism to capture demand information through the realized price. Lastly, we discuss managerial implications of secondary markets and offer further research directions.
Force-free flow involvement in charge transport through dielectric fluids under time varying applied stress

When dielectric oil is subjected to sufficiently high electric stress, electrons can be injected from the cathode and trapped, whereupon the charged fluid is driven away by the field. Experiments have been carried out into this high stress regime using a repetitive linearly rising and falling voltage ramp resulting in a current flow proportional to a simple power of the value of the applied voltage [1]. As electrons are injected and driven away from the cathode by a distance dx in time dt, the rising stress will promote stronger injection and the trapped electron density will develop an upstream directed gradient. A cathode directed charge gradient implanted thus into the dielectric fluid in an applied electric field is inherently instable with respect to the Rayleigh-Taylor mode. The gradient of electrical energy density ρ e V can be expanded to provide −ρ e −1∇(ρ e V) = −∇V − V∇ρ e /ρ e ≡ E', (1) in which the first term is electrostatic while the residual one arises from the implanted gradient which will appear to enhance the field when directed against the potential gradient. Steady growth of the instability will take place when the viscous body force η curl ω resulting from the development of vorticity is balanced by V∇ρ e and steady rotation ensues.
Interpreting the Pore Structure of Hydrating Cement Phases Through a Synergistic Use of the Powers-Brownyard Model, Hydration Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Calculations

The Powers-Brownyard model is an analytical tool that is widely used to quantify the volume of gel solids, gel pores, capillary water, and unhydrated cement during the hydration process. These parameters, specifically the capillary and gel pore volumes, are related to important hardened concrete properties, such as shrinkage, freeze-thaw, transport, and strength. While the Powers-Brownyard model has many applications, it does not provide detailed solid phase assemblage information, and it can only be used for ordinary portland cement. In contrast, thermodynamic modeling can predict solid phase assemblage for a wide range of cementitious binders, but does not provide information on the resulting pore structure. This work combined the Powers-Brownyard model, hydration kinetics, and thermodynamic calculations to predict capillary and gel porosity, chemical shrinkage, and volumes of all hydrated and unhydrated phases for plain cement pastes without the need for additional information such as pore size distributions. This new model has the advantages of both the Powers-Brownyard model and thermodynamic modeling, and is a powerful tool, which the authors envision to be used to further advance the understanding of durability of cementitious materials.
Providing anesthesia in resource-limited settings.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The article reviews the reality of anesthetic resource constraints in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding these limitations is important to volunteers from high-income countries who desire to teach or safely provide anesthesia services in these countries. RECENT FINDINGS Recently published information on the state of anesthetic resources in LMICs is helping to guide humanitarian outreach efforts from high-income countries. The importance of using context-appropriate anesthesia standards and equipment is now emphasized. Global health experts are encouraging equal partnerships between anesthesia health care providers working together from different countries. The key roles that ketamine and regional anesthesia play in providing well tolerated anesthesia for cesarean sections and other common procedures is increasingly recognized. SUMMARY Anesthesia can be safely given in LMICs with basic supplies and equipment, if the anesthesia provider is trained and vigilant. Neuraxial and regional anesthesia and the use of ketamine as a general anesthetic appear to be the safest alternatives in low-resource countries. Environmentally appropriate equipment should be encouraged and pulse oximeters should be in every anesthetizing location. LMICs will continue to need support from outside sources until capacity building has made more progress.
The impact of combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing and SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging on downstream evaluation and management

The diagnostic yield of combined cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients referred for stress testing has received limited study. We evaluated consecutive patients who underwent combined CPET-MPI at a single tertiary referral center between 2011 and 2015. An abnormal CPET was defined as any of the following: reduced oxygen consumption, cardiac output impairment, or pulmonary impairment. Normal MPI was defined as the absence of resting or stress perfusion defect. The primary study outcome was change in clinical decision-making after CPET-MPI including management of pulmonary disease, management of deconditioning, heart failure management, and referral for cardiac catheterization. Outcomes of patients with normal and abnormal MPI were presented based on the specific CPET abnormality. 415 patients were included in the study. Of the 269 patients that had normal MPI, 206 (77%) had abnormal CPET. Patients with abnormal CPET and normal MPI, compared with patients that had normal CPET and normal MPI, were more frequently diagnosed with pulmonary disease (11.7% vs 3.2%, P = .04) and deconditioning (33.5% vs 17.4%, P = .01). Of the 146 patients that had abnormal MPI, 128 (88%) had abnormal CPET. Patients with abnormal CPET and abnormal MPI, compared with patients that had normal CPET and abnormal MPI, did not statistically differ with regard to the study outcome. An abnormal CPET, if the MPI was normal, prompted further evaluation and led to management of pulmonary disease and deconditioning.
Spiral Curriculum: Towards Mathematical Foundations

One of the fundamental ideas of modern education is the idea of spiral curriculum, when students repeatedly revisit the same sequence of topics at the increasing levels of depth, detail, and sophistication. In this chapter, we show that under reasonable assumptions, the optimal sequence of presenting the material should indeed follow a spiral pattern.
IR detection at wavelengths up to 200 microns in extrinsic semiconductor devices

The concept of far infrared photocathodes involving work functions at interfaces between lightly doped and heavily doped silicon has been previously discussed and device structures were shown to have response out to 60 microns.[1] Si, Ge and InGaAs p-i-n structures with different interfacial workfunctions giving rise to longwavelength thresholds up to 200 microns are reported here. Preliminary estimates of responsivity and detectivity for these non-optimized samples are encouraging. Work function estimates based on the different cutoff wavelengths show that this approach can be used to tailor the cutoff wavelength by changing the impurity concentration near the metal-insulator transition.
1, 3, 5-Triamino-2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzene (TATB)

This chapter reviews the research and development work on 1, 3, 5-Triamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), and TATB-based formulations. Syntheses, analytical methods, thermophysical properties, performance, formulations, and toxicological and safety of TATB are included in this chapter.
Ultrafast quantum interference control of photocurrents beyond the perturbative regime

We explore the use of high-intensity ultrashort lightwave waveforms for quantum interference control of photocurrents in semiconductor quantum wells. We analyze the quantum interference between nonlinear optical absorption processes in real time.
Automated Teller Machine Replenishment Policies with Submodular Costs

We develop an automated teller machine (ATM) replenishment policy for a bank that operates multiple ATMs. The aim is to minimize the cost of replenishments and stockouts, taking into account the economies of scale involved in replenishing multiple ATMs simultaneously. When the replenishment is outsourced to an outside vendor, the replenishment cost is typically additive. However, when it is done by in-house operations, the replenishment cost is a submodular function of the set of ATMs being replenished. The additive replenishment cost function yields a tractable and separable inventory management problem. However, the submodular cost function creates a much harder problem. We construct a Markov decision process model and study the structure of the optimal strategy that minimizes the long-run average cost. Since the optimal policy is analytically and computationally intractable for the case of a large number of ATMs, we study a heuristic policy (called the index policy) in the case of submodular replenishm...
Experimental Approaches for Achieving Both Zero-Order and Modulated Controlled Release from Polymer Matrix Systems

One of the major drawbacks of all practical approaches thus far developed for fabricating diffusion-controlled matrices for drug delivery is that the release rates decrease with time. From a pharmaceutical standpoint, it would be desirable for, many such systems to display zero-order release kinetics. Furthermore, in some circumstances (e.g., insulin delivery in diabetics) it would be useful to be able to achieve increased dosages on demand. In the present study, we present experimental approaches for achieving both of these objectives.
Hirsutism and virilism in women.

Virilization represents a natural sequence of events occurring in boys at the time of puberty. This process follows the surge of endogenous testosterone secretion1 and gradually transforms the child into an adult male. Virilization in women is an unnatural occurrence, frequently insidious in onset, usually associated with alarm and fear of societal rejection. The minor signs of virilization include coarse (terminal) body hair, acne, terminal facial hair, and menstrual disturbances (oligo- or amenorrhea). The more severe signs in the spectrum of events include clitorimegaly, shoulder muscle hypertrophy, temporal balding, deepening of the voice, and breast atrophy.2–4 Virilization in women can in most cases be attributed to an overproduction of testosterone.5,6 Figure 23–1 demonstrates a parallel increase in testosterone production rates with progressive signs of virilization. Fortunately, in most women with signs of virilization, testosterone production is only mildly elevated, and clinical symptoms remain in the “minor” categories.
The Partitioning and Fraction Schemes

As stated at the beginning of the first chapter, the basic hypothesis that guided our work is that children’s fraction schemes can emerge as accommodations in their numerical counting schemes. We explained our way of understanding this hypothesis as follows. The child constructs the new schemes by operating on novel material in situations that are not a part of the situations of the preceding schemes. The child uses operations of the preceding schemes in ways that are novel with respect to the situations of the schemes as well as operations that may not be a part of the operations of the preceding schemes. The new schemes that are produced solve situations that the preceding schemes did not solve, and they also serve purposes the preceding schemes did not serve. But the new schemes do not supersede the preceding schemes because they do not solve all of the situations the preceding schemes solved. They might solve situations similar to those solved by the preceding schemes in the context of the new situations, but the preceding schemes are still needed to solve their situations. Still, the new schemes can be regarded as reorganizations of the preceding schemes because operations of the preceding schemes emerge in a new organization and serve different purposes.
Peer Review of Teaching: Insights From a 10-Year Experience

Inconsistent teaching quality is a common problem at all levels of health profession training. Peer review of teaching offers the potential benefits of improving teaching, increasing teacher satisfaction, and creating a community of educators. To achieve these goals, the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Academy of Medical Educators (AME) established the Teaching Observation Program (TOP). This program pairs faculty teachers with an AME faculty reviewer who clarifies the teacher’s goals in a pre-observation conversation, observes the teacher teaching, and engages the teacher in a confidential feedback conversation. Faculty reviewers are AME members who have been recognized for their outstanding direct teaching skills. Standardized observation forms tailored for the teaching setting guide the observation and feedback conversation. This report describes 10 years of experience in managing this program. From 2004 to 2014, TOP reviewers made 262 observations in different teaching settings (124 lectures, 88 small groups, 43 hospital or clinic sessions, and 7 surgeries). Program evaluation data over 3 years (2008–2011) indicated that teachers who were reviewed gained confidence, anticipated improvement in their teaching, and were inclined to discuss their teaching with colleagues in the future. Peer review programs require clear goals, infrastructure for program coordination and training of reviewers, a core group of dedicated peer reviewers, and champions to promote peer observation among faculty. Peer review creates opportunities to improve teaching quality and teacher satisfaction and promote a culture of teaching excellence.
Continuous roll-to-roll fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells via interconnected high-vacuum and low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition systems

We demonstrate continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication of single junction and tandem organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells on flexible plastic substrates employing a system that integrates organic deposition by high vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) and low pressure organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). By moving the substrate from chamber to chamber and then depositing films on stationary substrates, we achieve power conversion efficiencies of PCE = 8.6 ± 0.3% and 8.9 ± 0.2% for the single junction and tandem cells, respectively. Single junction OPVs are also fabricated on a continuously translating substrate at 0.3 cm/s, to achieve PCE = 8.5 ± 0.2%. Thin films grown on translating substrates by OVPD show <3% thickness non-uniformity and 0.66 nm root mean square surface roughness, similar to that obtained by VTE. Our results suggest that R2R film deposition comprising multiple vapor deposition technologies is a promising method for rapid speed and continuous manufacturing of high quality, small molecular weight organic electronic materials.
An Electric Energy Backbone Overlay for North America

AbstractThis paper augments recently reported proposals to enhance the electric power transmission grid in North America. The augmentation suggested is to join Canada, the United States, and Mexico with a large scale, high voltage DC (HVDC) “backbone.” The objectives of such an investment include enhancement of the capabilities of the underlying AC transmission, increasing the potential of renewable wind and solar generation resources, and facilitation of the integration of natural gas generation to the North American energy resource mix. A method of calculation of expected power flows is reported based on the Kirchhoff laws and Tellegen’s theorem. That method does not replace detailed electric power flow studies, but it gives an estimation of the HVDC facilities requirements. Practicalities in long term mesoscale transmission planning and expansion are briefly discussed and the use of net present value to assess financial efficacy is suggested. It is noted that energy sales and purchases in North America...
Practice Problem Workbook Solutions

The following table summarizes the rates and proportions calculated from the participant-level data. Recall that incidence is defined as the number of new cases of disease that occur among people who do not have that disease at the beginning of a study. Consequently, the follow-up time column is calculated by adding the individual follow-up times among only people without diabetes at the start of the study.
Early Versus Later Improvements in Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Use and Treatment Outcome in Eating Disorders

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) has demonstrated initial efficacy for the treatment of eating disorders (EDs). However, no study has examined potential processes that may contribute to observed improvements in DBT for EDs. The present study sought to investigate changes in DBT skills use throughout treatment as a predictor of symptom change in a DBT-based partial hospital program (PHP) for adults with EDs. Adults [n = 135; M(SD) age = 25.08 (7.88)] with EDs completed self-report measures at treatment admission, one-month post-admission, and discharge from PHP. DBT skills use, as measured by the DBT Ways of Coping Checklist, increased by 12.65% from admission to one-month post-admission and increased by 24.10% from admission to discharge. Early (admission to month 1) and later (month 1 to discharge) improvements in DBT skills use predicted greater improvements in ED, depressive, and emotion dysregulation symptoms from treatment admission to discharge. Notably, early versus later change in skills use was a stronger predictor of outcome. Results are consistent with the theoretical model of DBT and add to a growing literature on DBT for EDs.
Differences by Sex in Cardiovascular Comorbid Conditions Among Older Adults (Aged 50-64 or ≥65 Years) Receiving Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background Differences by sex in cardiovascular comorbid conditions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons aged 50-64 years have been understudied; even fewer data are available for persons aged ≥65 years. Methods We used matched interview and medical record abstraction data from the 2009-2012 data cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project, a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected adults in care. We included men and women aged 50-64 and ≥65 years at time of interview. We calculated weighted prevalence estimates and used logistic regression to compute adjusted prevalence differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessing sex differences in various characteristics and cardiovascular comorbid conditions. Comorbid conditions included overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25), abnormal total cholesterol level (defined as ≥200 mg/dL), diagnosed diabetes mellitus, or diagnosed hypertension. Results Of 7436 participants, 89.5% were aged 50-64 years and 10.4% aged ≥65 years, 75.1% were men, 40.4% (95% CI, 33.5%-47.2%) were non-Hispanic black, 72.0% (70.4%-73.6%) had HIV infection diagnosed ≥10 years earlier. After adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, women aged 50-64 years were more likely than men to be obese (adjusted prevalence difference, 8.4; 95% CI, 4.4-12.3), have hypertension (3.9; .1-7.6), or have high total cholesterol levels (9.9; 6.2-13.6). Women aged ≥65 years had higher prevalences of diabetes mellitus and high total cholesterol levels than men. Conclusions Cardiovascular comorbid conditions were prevalent among older HIV-infected persons in care; disparities existed by sex. Closer monitoring and risk-reduction strategies for cardiovascular comorbid conditions are warranted for older HIV-infected persons, especially older women.
Ideology Justifies Morality: Political Beliefs Predict Moral Foundations

Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) is employed as a causal explanation of ideology that posits political attitudes are products of moral intuitions. Prior theoretical models, however, suggest the opposite causal path, that is, that moral judgments are driven by political beliefs. In both instances, however, extant research has assumed rather than explicitly tested for causality. So do moral intuitions drive political beliefs or do political beliefs drive moral intuitions? We empirically address this question using data from two panel studies and one nationally representative study, and find consistent evidence supporting the hypothesis that ideology predicts moral intuitions. The findings have significant implications for MFT as a theory of ideology, and also about the consequences of political beliefs for shaping how individuals rationalize what is right and what is wrong.
The Data Culture Continuum: An Examination of School Data Cultures:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers and school leaders’ experiences using data in the state of Arkansas. Research Design: Initially, an exploratory pilot study was conducted ...
The Effects of Chronic Disease on Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations for Children or Youth.

Considerable research has focused on hospitalizations for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSHs), but little of that research has focused on the role played by chronic disease in ACSHs involv...
The first century of strain measurement and monitoring in civil engineering (Conference Presentation)

Design of civil structures is founded on principles of solid mechanics, structural analysis, and material science, and use stresses and deflections as limit criteria. Therefore, evaluation of stresses and deflections in real-life settings became one of the central aims of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of structures. However, direct measurement of stresses and deflections on real structures is, in general, practically impossible due to several limitations pertaining to sensing technologies, site conditions, and properties of structural materials. While cases exist, where stresses and deflections could be directly monitored, these cases are rather exceptions enabled by specific applications that cannot be generalized to many other cases.
SPECIAL CRYOGENIC PROBLEMS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES

Dans ce rapport on examine quelques problemes cryogeniques essentiels des câbles supraconducteurs.
Effective n-type doping of Mg3Sb2 with group-3 elements

The recent discovery of high thermoelectric performance in Mg3Sb2 has been critically enabled by the success in n-type doping of this material, which is achieved under Mg-rich growth conditions, typically with chalcogens (Se and Te) as extrinsic dopants. Using first-principles defect calculations, we previously predicted that higher electron concentrations ( ∼1020cm−3) can be achieved in Mg3Sb2 by doping with La instead of Se or Te [P. Gorai et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 13806 (2018)]. Subsequent experiments [K. Imasato et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 19941 (2018)] showed that free electron concentration in La-doped Mg3Sb2−xBix indeed exceeds those in the Te-doped material. Herein, we further investigate n-type doping of Mg3Sb2 and predict that, in addition to La, other group-3 elements (Sc and Y) are also effective as n-type dopants; Y is as good as La while Sc slightly less. Overall, we find that doping with any group-3 elements should lead to higher free electron concentrations than doping with chalcogens.
Team Emergent States: What Has Emerged in The Literature Over 20 Years:

In this review, we provide a deeper understanding of the team emergent states (TES) literature by building upon Marks et al.’s cognitive, affective, motivational categories, to suggest that TES may...
Does Taxing Business Owners Affect Employees? Evidence from a Change in the Top Marginal Tax Rate

Debates about the taxation of business owners often center around the distributional impacts of these taxes and the degree to which they affect workers. The majority of business income in the U.S. is earned by pass-through businesses and taxed subject to the personal income tax system, yet the existence and magnitude of spillovers from personal income taxation to firm behavior has been difficult to estimate. This paper uses a new linked owner-firm-employee dataset created from administrative tax records to analyze how a recent increase in the top marginal tax rate faced by pass-through business owners affected the compensation of their employees. I use panel difference-in-differences methods to compare the earnings of employees in similar firms but whose owners were differentially exposed to a recent tax increase and estimate that approximately 15 to 18 cents per dollar of new tax liability was passed through to employee earnings. This resulted from lower earnings growth among employees attached to their firms, not compositional changes in employment. These results show behavioral responses to the business income taxation embedded in the personal income tax system and imply that the incidence of the personal income tax was not fully borne by those directly subject to the tax change.
Effect evaluation on implementing DOTS for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in Chuzhou Province

Objective To explore the evaluate effect of implementing DOTS for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods Effect of DOTS was analyzed based on the Chinese pulmonary tuberculosis control work quarterly reports in 2002 and 2003 years form each county-lever pulmonary tuberculosis control organization. Results Active patient register rate and smear positive patient register rate and pulmonary tuberculosis cure arte had raised in implementing DOTS counties compared with non-DOTS counties. Conclusions Implementing DOTS was the most major control measure in order to control tuberculosis.
Quantification of the Rupture Potential of Patient-Specific Intracranial Aneurysms under Contact Constraints.

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are localized enlargements of cerebral blood vessels that cause substantial rates of mortality and morbidity in humans. The rupture possibility of these aneurysms is a critical medical challenge for physicians during treatment planning. This treatment planning while assessing the rupture potential of aneurysms becomes more complicated when they are constrained by an adjacent structure such as optic nerve tissues or bones, which is not widely studied yet. In this work, we considered and studied a constitutive model to investigate the bio-mechanical response of image-based patient-specific IA data using cardiovascular structural mechanics equations. We performed biomechanical modeling and simulations of four different patient-specific aneurysms’ data (three middle cerebral arteries and one internal carotid artery) to assess the rupture potential of those aneurysms under a plane contact constraint. Our results suggest that aneurysms with plane contact constraints produce less or almost similar maximum wall effective stress compared to aneurysms with no contact constraints. In our research findings, we observed that a plane contact constraint on top of an internal carotid artery might work as a protective wall due to the 16.6% reduction in maximum wall effective stress than that for the case where there is no contact on top of the aneurysm.
The Taketa Problem and Character Degree Graphs with Diameter Three

Let G be a solvable group and let Δ(G) be the character degree graph of G. The vertices of Δ(G) are the primes dividing character degrees of G and there is an edge between two primes if they divide a common character degree of G. In this paper, we show that the Taketa inequality dl(G) ≤ | cd(G)| holds when G is a solvable group whose degree graph Δ(G) has diameter 3.
Safety and efficacy of combined micropuncture and shallow angle femoral artery access for neurovascular angiography

IntroductionThe AXERA 2 low-angle vascular access device utilizes a dual arteriotomy mechanism in which the standard access tract is compressed by a vascular sheath inserted over the second, low-an...
A Non-Standard Quantum Logic with a Strong Set of States

Since the discovery of non-Euclidian geometries the academic community has widely recognized the importance of non-standard models of axiomatic systems. This paper presents a non-standard quantum logic, call it (L44, M22). Previous examples5,6 of non-standard quantum logics were non-standard by reason of the fact that the states were not strongly order determining. M22 is strongly order determining on L44. The property violated in L44 but satisfied in Hilbert space is a variant of Desargues’ Theorem. It is called the ortho- Arguesian law and was first formulated by Alan Day.
“It’s Easy Once You Get Them Lit”: Contemporary Issues within Modern Tlingit Identity

propriate that the focus is on the possibility of the autopoiesis of such a position, that such a subject not only endure but that one of the means of its duration be by way of a themitical conception of being the addressee of a claim to justness, a claim which could be heard, repeated, and practiced. Thus we come to what I think is the fundamental diagnostic challenge that opens up terrain for future work and that should be treated separately from the book’s model-theoretic fecundity: can reflection on the “ethical” transform breakdowns or interruptions of the “themitical”? Such breakdown may be as much routed in the indetermination of the terms of evaluative predication as in the acts evaluated themselves. An Anthropology of Ethics, as a scene of instruction, serves powerfully its aim of forming an anthropological practice with generalist intention. If this review has erred on the side of reproduction, it is because Faubion’s intervention deserves a wide audience in a discipline grappling with the conditions of existence of its objects and methods of inquiry. As I catch my breath, edified by the exercise, I defer the question of the autopoiesis of such a pedagogy, and thus of its transformation. Faubion leaves us, in conclusion, with a taste of the near future, which I recommend the reader to discover. We can look forward to what the domain of the anthropology of ethics will become.
Small, planar, ultra-wideband antennas with top-loading

A new top-loaded ultra-wideband antenna covering the 2.4-10.6 GHz impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2.5) and the 2.05-11.6 GHz UWB bandwidth with nearly constant radiated power was introduced. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for backward compatibility of IEEE 802.11g in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, as well as providing an indoor/outdoor ultra-wideband frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. In addition, it can be used for both multi-band OFDM and impulse UWB applications.
Business Control Management – A Discipline to Ensure Regulatory Compliance of SOA Applications

The success of today’s business operations depends largely on the ability to react to changing factors of influence. With the increasing distribution and heterogeneity of enterprise applications, the challenge is to gain and sustain oversight and to manage the different aspects of business operations systematically. Many disciplines and best practices have been established: On the infrastructure level, Service oriented architectures provide a common base to compose distributed applications. On the operational level, business process management provides high level visibility of end-to-end transactions. On the information level, master data management aggregates and consolidates data throughout the organization. There is, however, an aspect that is becoming more and more relevant but still lacks a proper discipline: Regulatory compliance of business operations. The pressure to prove compliance with legal obligations and industry wide requirements has risen tremendously in recent years – and in light of the ongoing economic crises it is likely to rise further. To address this gap, this paper presents a systematic development method to define, deploy and monitor business controls across a distributed enterprise application. First, we establish a repository of obligations that keeps track of the dependencies between processes, data, applications, and regulations. Second, we define and deploy operational controls as a set of services to gather, classify and correlate information. Finally, we provide end-to-end visibility of the business transactions for monitoring and reporting.
Catholic electroacoustical difficulties

Electroacoustical difficulties are catholic, i.e. universal, in that 99.44% of the installed public address systems degrade speech intelligibility. We explain the causes for degradation in transportation terminals, hotel ballrooms, and churches. Severe difficulties are cited in the Memphis Air Terminal, St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York and all large hotel ballrooms. The use of 1/3 octave equalizers and time delay devices is debunked. For large convention meetings, the ASSP sound equipment is the only way to achieve satisfactory speech intelligibility. Churches can be improved by removing the microphones. The inability to obtain correct electroacoustical engineering is attributed to lack of education.
Pharmacokinetics of a combination of Δ9‐Tetrahydro‐cannabinol and celecoxib in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock

Hemorrhagic shock involves loss of a substantial portion of circulating blood volume leading to diminished cardiac output and oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues. In situations where an immediate resuscitation cannot be provided, pharmacotherapy with a novel combination of Δ9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) and celecoxib (CEL) is currently investigated as an alternative strategy to prevent organ damage. In the present study, 28 Yorkshire × Landrace pigs were used to study the pharmacokinetics of THC and CEL in an established porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Pigs in hemorrhagic shock received 0.5, 1 or 4 mg/kg THC and 2 mg/kg CEL, while normotensive pigs received 1 mg/kg THC and 2 mg/kg CEL by intravenous injection. THC and CEL plasma concentrations were simultaneously determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters and their between animal variability were obtained using standard non-compartmental analysis as well as a compartmental analysis using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. The concentration–time profiles of THC and CEL followed a multi-exponential decline and their pharmacokinetics were similar in hemorrhagic shock and normotensive conditions, despite the substantial change in hemodynamics in the animals with shock. This interesting finding might be due to the pharmacologic effect of the THC/CEL combination, which is intended to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs in shock. Overall, this study established THC and CEL pharmacokinetics in a porcine shock model and provides the basis for dose selection in further studies of THC and CEL in this indication. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protégé career aspirations: The influence of formal e-mentor networks and family-based role models

Abstract Using longitudinal data from a nine-month e-mentoring program, we analyzed the influence of formal e-mentor networks and family-based role models on increases in both psychosocial and career-related outcomes. Findings indicate that e-mentor network relationship quality positively influenced general- and career-based self-efficacy which, in turn, enhanced the objective career aspirations of underprivileged youth. Moreover, we address both the compensatory and complementary perspectives of social capital to assess the moderating influence that access to educational role models within the family has on this process. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed.
On the rate constants of OH + HO2 and HO2 + HO2: A comprehensive study of H2O2 thermal decomposition using multi-species laser absorption

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroperoxy (HO 2 ) reactions present in the H 2 O 2 thermal decomposition system are important in combustion kinetics. H 2 O 2 thermal decomposition has been studied behind reflected shock waves using H 2 O and OH diagnostics in previous studies (Hong et al. (2009) [9] and Hong et al. (2010) [6,8]) to determine the rate constants of two major reactions: H 2 O 2 + M → 2OH + M ( k 1 ) and OH + H 2 O 2 → H 2 O + HO 2 ( k 2 ). With the addition of a third diagnostic for HO 2 at 227 nm, the H 2 O 2 thermal decomposition system can be comprehensively characterized for the first time. Specifically, the rate constants of two remaining major reactions in the system, OH + HO 2 → H 2 O + O 2 ( k 3 ) and HO 2 + HO 2 → H 2 O 2 + O 2 ( k 4 ) can be determined with high-fidelity. No strong temperature dependency was found between 1072 and 1283 K for the rate constant of OH + HO 2 → H 2 O + O 2 , which can be expressed by the combination of two Arrhenius forms: k 3 = 7.0 × 10 12 exp(550/ T ) + 4.5 × 10 14 exp(−5500/ T ) [cm 3 mol −1 s −1 ]. The rate constants of reaction HO 2 + HO 2 → H 2 O 2 + O 2 determined agree very well with those reported by Kappel et al. (2002) [5]; the recommendation therefore remains unchanged: k 4 = 1.0 × 10 14 exp(−5556/ T ) + 1.9 × 10 11+ exp(709/ T ) [cm 3 mol −1 s −1 ]. All the tests were performed near 1.7 atm.
A finite element analysis of the effect of the accomodation strains in the ferrite phase on the work hardening of a dual-phase steel

Abstract A model using a finite element technique is used to explore the work hardening of a dual-phase steel consisting of ferrite and 30 vol.% martensite in the true plastic strain range between 0 and 0.01. The basic premise is that the unusual work hardening is produced by the heterogeneous plastic flow of the ferrite. This heterogeneity in the plastic properties, which is associated with the presence of an extrinsic transformation accommodation plastic zone in the ferrite, is describe in the analysis by a “two-phase” approximation. The work hardening is found to be much affected by the presence of the accommodation zone and the extent to which the zone is relaxed. It is shown that the relationship between these microstructural parameters and work hardening can be defined to a good approximation by a single parameter, which is independent of plastic strain. The rate of work hardening and the experimentally measured stress-strain behavior of the typical steel are found to be well predicted by the model which includes an accommodation zone with a relaxation parameter equal to 0.3.
A new technique to prepare gradient surfaces using density gradient solutions

Abstract We present a new method to prepare quartz slides with a wettability gradient by confining a concentration gradient of dichlorodimethyl silane, the hydrophobation agent, in a density gradient formed by mixing diiodomethane and trichloroethylene. The gradients were characterized by means of contact angle measurements using the Wilhelmy plate technique and by the adsorption of human lysozyme, IgG or fibrinogen as measured by total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) spectroscopy.
On Improving Reliability of Shipboard Power System

Distribution system reliability, defined by the expected frequency and duration of load service interruptions caused by component failures, is shown to be dependent on the topology of the distribution network, as well as on the relative placement of loads and generators within the system. In a shipboard electrical distribution system, a network topology based on the breaker-and-a-half scheme is shown to confer greater reliability than equivalent distribution topologies based on the ring bus and double bus, double breaker designs. The overall service interruption rate in the breaker-and-a-half topology is 17.8% less than that in the ring bus topology and 40.0% less than that in the double bus, double breaker topology. Further, an optimized equipment placement configuration is algorithmically identified for the loads and generators within the breaker-and-a-half distribution network, further increasing reliability. The optimal equipment placement decreases the overall system interruption rate by 0.54%. The paper also determines an optimal location for additional in-feeds that should be connected to the ship's most critical loads so that maximum benefits to service reliability are obtained.
Statistical Properties of Pulsatile Pressure and Flow in the Femoral Artery of the Dog

Femoral pulsatile pressure and flow in anesthetized dogs were measured as time series. The computed cross products of pressure and flow were also expressed as time series. The statistical variance (o2) of each of these was analyzed into a frequency spectrum. The spectral magnitudes at each frequency were used to compute the pressure-flow coherence, impedance magnitude and phase angle as a function of frequency. The high coherency between pressure and flow at most frequencies indicated that a linear deterministic model may suffice to express the opposition to flow pulsations. The impedance variation with frequency indicated that the model may be frequency dependent. Computed autocorrelation and cross correlation functions measured the statistical nature of the observed time series.
Conceptualizing criminal justice theory

In an attempt to advance the development and generalization of criminal justice theory as a whole, we propose a framework for classifying specific criminal justice theories. We then present an interpretive history of the academic field of criminal justice to demonstrate how the field can be organized within that framework. We conclude by describing some lessons about theory learned in the field of criminology and applying these lessons to the field of criminal justice.
Transneuronal labeling from the rat distal colon: Anatomic evidence for regulation of distal colon function by a pontine corticotropin‐releasing factor system

Neural circuits that are positioned to regulate rat distal colon function were identified by immunohistochemical detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). The distribution of PRV-immunoreactive neurons was examined in spinal cord and brain at increasing times (72-118 hours) after distal colon injection. At 72-80 hours, PRV-labeling was confined to the spinal cord, in the parasympathetic preganglionic column in the lumbosacral spinal cord and in the intermediolateral column of the thoracic spinal cord. At longer survival times (88 hours), PRV-immunolabeled neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord were also distributed in superficial layers of the dorsal horn, the dorsal commissure, and around the central canal. Trans-synaptic labeling was identified in the medullary raphe nuclei, parapyramidal region, A5, Barrington's nucleus, A7, and the dorsal cap of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus after longer survival times (88-91 hours). Substantial labeling of the locus coeruleus, periaqueductal gray and forebrain regions occurred at later survival times (> or = 96 hours). In dual-labeled sections, CRF terminal labeling surrounded PRV-labeled neurons in the parasympathetic preganglionic column of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Additionally, many neurons in Barrington's nucleus, but not other CRF-containing nuclei, were double labeled for CRF and PRV. These results, taken with previous studies, support a convergence in transneuronal labeling from different pelvic viscera that may be related to coordination of overall pelvic visceral functions. Importantly, they provide an anatomic substrate for an impact of CRF from Barrington's nucleus in normal and pathophysiological functions of the distal colon.