cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The death assemblage as a marker for habitat and an indicator of climate change: Georges Bank, surfclams and ocean quahogs

Abstract A comprehensive dataset for the Georges Bank region is used to directly compare the distribution of the death assemblage and the living community at large spatial scales and to assess the application of the death assemblage in tracking changes in species’ distributional pattern as a consequence of climate change. Focus is placed on the biomass-dominant clam species of the northwest Atlantic continental shelf: the surfclam Spisula solidissima and the ocean quahog Arctica islandica, for which extensive datasets exist on the distributions of the living population and the death assemblage. For both surfclams and ocean quahogs, the distribution of dead shells, in the main, tracked the distribution of live animals relatively closely. Thus, for both species, the presence of dead shells was a positive indicator of present, recent, or past occupation by live animals. Shell dispersion within habitat was greater for surfclams than for ocean quahogs either due to spatial time averaging, animals not living in all habitable areas all of the time, or parautochthonous redistribution of shell. The regional distribution of dead shell differed from the distribution of live animals, for both species, in a systematic way indicative of range shifts due to climate change. In each case the differential distribution was consistent with warming of the northwest Atlantic. Present-day overlap of live surfclams with live ocean quahogs was consistent with the expectation that the surfclam's range is shifting into deeper water in response to the recent warming trend. The presence of locations devoid of dead shells where live surfclams nevertheless were collected measures the recentness of this event. The presence of dead ocean quahog shells at shallower depths than live ocean quahogs offers good evidence that a range shift has occurred in the past, but prior to the initiation of routine surveys in 1980. Possibly, this range shift tracks initial colonization at the end of the Little Ice Age.
Accurate and Robust Scene Reconstruction in the Presence of Misassociated Features for Aerial Sensing

AbstractGeoreferencing through aerial imagery has several applications, including remote sensing, real-time situational mission awareness, environmental monitoring, rescue and relief, map generatio...
Model-Based Anomaly Detection Approaches

Many data sets are described by models that may capture the underlying processes that lead to generation of data, describing a presumed functional or relational relationship between relevant variables. Such models permit comprehension and concise description of the data sets, facilitating identification of data points that are not consistent with such a description.
Current Understanding of Optimal Self-Management Strategies and Approaches for Youth With Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

Amplified musculoskeletal pain is a common presenting condition among youth seen by pediatric rheumatologists, with optimal outcomes often contingent in large part on the degree to which patients understand and implement appropriate self-management strategies. This review aims to provide readers with a contemporary understanding of approaches to self-management that can be recommended for improving health outcomes for pediatric amplified pain conditions. Recent research on self-management of pain and health behaviors for youth with amplified pain conditions has suggested at least short-term benefits for engaging in specific types of physical training (neuromuscular exercise training), for applying healthy sleep habits acquired through cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, and for learning and applying pain coping skills such as relaxation and cognitive retraining. Emerging areas include parent-targeted and technology-assisted interventions to help optimize child pain self-management and outcomes, and intensive training in a variety of self-management skills through pain rehabilitation programs. Although self-management is recognized as integral to optimizing outcomes for youth with amplified pain and there are some recent innovations in this area, research to direct specific suggestions remains somewhat underdeveloped. The most robust efficacy evidence exists for training in cognitive-behavioral pain coping skills, but in what format and at what intensity benefits which type of patient or for how long remain important questions to be explored in future studies.
Population models reveal unexpected patterns of local persistence despite widespread larval dispersal in a highly exploited species

Nearshore marine populations are structured in metapopulations that are connected through larval dispersal across national boundaries. One of the main challenges for effective management of these metapopulations is the need for partnerships between nations that share the same resource. By coupling large‐scale connectivity information to a dynamic population model, we analyzed the patterns of connectivity and population persistence for the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) metapopulation both within and across national boundaries. Although spiny lobster subpopulations are highly connected at the basin scale, several nations located in the northern Caribbean and ecoregional networks could persist independently of the larger basin‐wide metapopulation. Based on these results, we propose transnational neighborhoods for spiny lobster management. Our analysis suggests that the dynamics and management of those subpopulations neighborhoods are not intrinsically dependent on “upstream” connectivity even though current rates of upstream larval supply are very high.
Point Contact Spectroscopy of Scattering Rates on Semiconductors

Qualitative arguments are presented for the I-V characteristics of point contacts in both metals and semiconductors due to the scattering rates Γ(ω) in these materials. At low voltages (eV≪EF), dI/dV ~ Γ(eV). A discontinuity in dI/dV would occur at the onset of scattering by optical phonons, for instance in GaAs. At higher voltages (eV > EF), the current saturates at a value determined by an average of the scattering rate. Contacts between different materials behave asymmetrically and should show scattering from both materials. The size of the effects discussed suggests that point contacts spectroscopy should be a useful tool for studying scattering processes in semiconductors.
Audibility Thresholds of the Blue Jay

-The audibility thresholds of two Blue Jays were measured behaviorally using operant conditioning and psychophysical techniques. The jays responded to pure tones between 0.25 and 10 kHz. Their thresholds are similar to those reported for seven other passerines. This indicates that passerines are somewhat less sensitive than man in the detection of sounds in the 1 to 4 kHz range and considerably less sensitive than man to sounds above and below this range. Received 8 February 1977, accepted 28 August 1977. THE field study of avian vocal behavior usually involves arbitrary decisions about the audibility of a call to the birds being studied. The present study grew out of the suspicion that Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were not hearing calls that were audible to the observer. Is man more acute than birds at detecting a bird's call? In order to compare avian and human auditory sensitivity, the pure tone hearing thresholds of each must be known. We adopted standard operant conditioning and psychophysical procedures to measure the Blue Jay's hearing. The standard function for humans was published by Sivian and White in 1933, and audibility thresholds for several other bird species have been reported (Trainer 1946, Schwartzkopff 1949, Dooling et al. 1971, Dooling and Saunders 1975, Heinz et al. 1975, Sinnott 1975).
The Multilevel Structure of Daily Emotion-Regulation-Strategy Use: An Examination of Within- and Between-Person Associations in Naturalistic Settings

Existing structural analyses of emotion-regulation (ER) strategies have relied on retrospective, dispositional assessments, ignoring the within-person structure (i.e., intraindividual strategy grou...
Evangelicals and the Encounter with Islam: Changing Christian Identity in Multi-Faith Britain

Over the last fifty years, British society has changed from a Christendom model, where the default religious identity was Church of England, to a religiously diverse society, where religious identity is a significant marker for minorities in the population. Among Christians, strong religious belief and belonging is most likely to be expressed by those who identify as evangelical. In many parts of the world, and especially in the USA, evangelical discourse on the subject of non-Christian faiths, especially Islam, suggests profound antipathy to ‘other’ beliefs and sometimes hostility to their adherents. In contrast, evidence presented in this paper from a recent Evangelical Alliance panel survey suggests a range of nuanced viewsin the community of evangelical Christians in the UK. Although over 80% affirmed that Jesus is the only way of salvation, and 84% thought Christianity is the only path to God, more extended comments show that a wide range of views exist, from the paranoid or exclusive to a view that is tolerant and broadly inclusive. The paper will examine the associations between these views and various demographic and theological factors and seek to explain the data in terms of the patterns of contemporary everyday inter-faith encounters, with specific emphasis on the Abrahamic faiths, especially Islam. The situation is discussed in a framework of dynamics and stability, where religious contact between faith communities has both crystallized beliefs and identities and opened up new possibilities for alliances against the secular world.
Cokernels of the Relative Assembly Maps for $$\mathcal{V}\mathcal{C}_{\infty }$$

In this chapter, we will compute the contribution of the infinite virtually cyclic groups to the lower algebraic K-theory of the split three-dimensional crystallographic groups. There are three steps. First, in Sect. 9.1, we must determine the (non-negligible) strict stabilizers of lines l relative to all 73 split three-dimensional crystallographic groups.
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Use After the Affordable Care Act.

OBJECTIVES: After the Affordable Care Act (ACA) took full effect in 2014, 900 000 children obtained health insurance. Researchers have found variable effects of insurance on adult emergency department (ED) use, but the effect in pediatric patients is unknown. We examined ED visit rates before and after 2014 among children. METHODS: We used estimates of ED visit counts from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and population estimates from the American Community Survey in a cross-sectional, retrospective study of ED visit rates among children. We compared the trend in ED visit rates before (2009–2013) and after (2014–2016) the ACA took full effect, controlling for age, sex, and census region. RESULTS: The mean ED use rate was 35.2 visits per 100 children from 2009 to 2013 and 36.6 from 2014 to 2016. ED visit rates increased by 1.1% per year pre-2014 and 9.8% from 2014 to 2016 (incidence rate ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.15, P = .005). Results did not vary significantly when insurance was included as a control variable. CONCLUSIONS: There was no immediate change in pediatric ED visit rates the year after the ACA took full effect in 2014, but the rate of change from 2014 to 2016 was significantly higher than previous rate trends. In our model, increased pediatric insurance coverage neither drove nor counteracted the observed trends.
Design of Asynchronous Genetic Circuits

Most digital electronic circuits utilize a timing reference to synchronize the progression of signals and enable sequential memory elements. These designs may not be realizable in biological substrates due to the lack of a reliable high-frequency clock signal. Asynchronous designs eliminate the need for a clock with data encodings and request/acknowledge handshake protocols. This paper proposes a workflow to automate the design of asynchronous genetic circuits. This workflow extends genetic design tools by leveraging asynchronous logic design methods customized for this technology. This workflow is demonstrated on a genetic sensor that uses filtering and cellular communication to improve its reliability.
Design Guidelines for a Novel Tunable Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this paper, the design and analysis of a novel electronically tunable aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna are presented. The design procedures are illustrated with the help of an example. The measured tuning range of the antenna is 875 MHz (1.395-2.27GHz) for a minimum return loss of 10dB. The paper includes, for the first time, detailed design guidelines as well as important results and insights from simulations and measurements.
FRAMING NEWS ON RELIGION AND LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN ONLINE MEDIA

In some decades, we have encountered complex and multi-global situation. The crisis has appeared more multifarious, time by time. Some authors and media indicate religion as the crucial factor should be involved to overcome this problem. Media frequently uncover the role of religion in relating environmental crisis. Based on the background, this research aims to find out how the online news media frame religion and the living environment topic. Here, the researchers used framing theoretical conceptual and methods that are adopted from some authors. In this research the news selected by related keywords through search engine. The result shows even though the concern is similar the story or narration are various in presenting the issue of the important stance of religion in dealing with environment. Some nonverbal features used to describe how the story involving the crucial actors and the related event(s). Keyword : religion, living environment, framing analysis, media online
An Analysis of the Effect of Long-Term Professional Development on Teacher Engineering Self-Efficacy and Its Impact on Classroom Instruction

Pre-college engineering education has gained traction in U.S. schools over the past twenty years. This growth is evident with engineering emerging as a crosscutting discipline in the Next Generation Science Standards. However, the scarcity of professional development (PD) for K-12 teachers who want to teach engineering and the few PD opportunities with the characteristics shown to improve teacher learning, i.e., contact time, long-term support, and follow-up, suggest a need for new and innovative PD offerings for K-12 teachers. We developed a 45-hour graduate course specifically for K-12 teachers to incorporate engineering into their classrooms and evaluated the effect of this long-term PD on K-12 teaching engineering self-efficacy. Additionally, this study looked at how the participants translated the course into their teaching practices. Forty-one in-service teachers participated either in a 2018 or 2019 semester-long course that combined nanotechnology content and Project-Based Learning pedagogy. Pre-post measures using Teaching Engineering Self-Efficacy Scale (TESS) revealed significant gains in the self-efficacy in both cohort teachers. Teachers found the course effective in building their technical skills and providing beneficial PD. The significant positive outcomes from this study indicate that the course analyzed serves as a model for pre-college engineering education PD.
Locus Minoris Resistentiae: Two Cases of Malignant Metastasis and Review of Literature:

Locus minoris resistentiae refers to a region of decreased resistance within the body. This occurs from changes to the microenvironment secondary to previous trauma and results in increased vulnerability. As a result, infection, inflammatory processes, and malignancy may localize to this area. In this article, we describe 2 unique cases of malignancy, primary prostate carcinoma and serous carcinoma of the ovary, both of which disseminated to sites of prior trauma. We review the available literature, discuss proposed pathophysiology, and highlight the need for further investigations along with increased clinician awareness.
Cardiovascular Disease and Aging

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for population over 65 years of age. With the progressive increase of population in this age group, it is crucial to understand the interaction between aging and cardiovascular diseases. Aging results in structural changes and functional decline of the cardiovascular system and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aging not only increases the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases but is also associated with impaired responses to cardiovascular diseases. This supports the notion that age-related changes in the cardiovascular system superimpose and interact with the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiovascular disease. This chapter will provide an overview of cardiovascular aging in humans and mammalian models, and discuss the recent advances in understanding how different hallmarks of aging play their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular aging.
Dynamic behavior of soft, resonant metamaterials: Experiments and simulations

Though additive manufacturing and novel optimization techniques have led to many recent advances in elastic metamaterials, difficult fundamental challenges (e.g., narrow bandgaps) and practical challenges (e.g., dissipation and friction) remain. This work introduces simple and hierarchical resonant metamaterials made of soft polydimethylsiloxane rubber and removable steel insets. The additively manufactured samples are able to produce bandgaps with a gap–midgap ratio of 81.8%, which surpasses the majority of resonant, metamaterials of the same class and greatly outperforms analogous resonant structures with a stiff epoxy matrix. The role of several physical features on the transmission loss (TL) curve is assessed in detail numerically and compared to the experimental TL data. Matrix compliance is found to be a rich mechanism for bandgap widening with a dual effect: it deepens the traditional resonant bandgaps, and it can selectively shift certain vibrational modes to lower frequencies and aid in the merging of multiple bandgaps. This can lead to an overall increase of the bandgap width of over an order of magnitude. Viscous dissipation, friction, and the stochastic nature of geometrical inaccuracies common in additive manufacturing were also found to shape the TL curve and associated bandgaps to various degrees. Some of these mechanisms, combined with a soft frame, can further help merge bandgaps in rainbow or hierarchical designs and form ultrabroad, subwavelength bandgaps.
Silver diamine fluoride, atraumatic restorations, and oral health-related quality of life - Results from the CariedAway cluster randomized trial

Abstract Objective Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a non-surgical treatment for the arrest and prevention of dental caries that results in irreversible black staining of dental decay. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of SDF treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) relative to a standard package of glass ionomer sealants and atraumatic restorative treatment. Methods CariedAway is a pragmatic, longitudinal, cluster-randomized non-inferiority trial of non-surgical interventions for caries. Secondary study outcomes included OHRQoL and academic performance. Oral health-related quality of life was measured at each study visit using the Child Oral Health Impact Profile. Change in OHRQoL was assessed using linear regression and non-inferiority was determined using t-tests. Results Untreated decay at baseline was associated with signifcantly worse ORHQoL and treatment in both groups resulted in incremental improvement. Quality of life in children receiving silver diamine fluoride was non-inferior to those receiving sealants and ART at least six months post-treatment. Additionally, change in OHRQoL did not depend on the severity of baseline decay. Conclusions ORHQoL is related to untreated dental caries, however no appreciable change was observed following SDF treatment relative to standard preventive therapies.
703-P: Randomized Crossover Comparison of Automated Insulin Delivery vs. Conventional Therapy with Scheduled Stress Challenges

Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) hybrid closed-loop systems have not been well studied in the context of psychological and physiological stress. We evaluated our interoperable artificial pancreas system with in-clinic stress challenges in a randomized crossover trial. Fourteen adults with type 1 diabetes were randomized to 2 weeks of AID-based control and two weeks of sensor augmented pump (SAP)l therapy at home in random order. The AID system used the Zone-Model Predictive Control algorithm with a continuous function of glucose velocity and insulin-on-board to gradually increase insulin infusion under conditions of sustained hyperglycemia. During each two-week period, in-clinic stress assessments for psychological stress (TSST and SECPT) and pharmacological stress (hydrocortisone 40-20-20 mg) were performed. Ten subjects completed the study per protocol, with 48 stress sessions completed in 12 subjects. AID increased time 70-180mg/dL from 63.1 to 74.4% (p=0.001), decreased time 180mg/dL from 35.4 to 24.8% (p=0.001) during the 2 weeks outpatient use. AID decreased glycemic variability as measured by CV (p=0.037) and time Disclosure R. Kaur: None. Y. C. Kudva: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. S. Deshpande: None. J. E. Pinsker: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Tandem Diabetes Care, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. S. K. Mccrady-spitzer: None. D. Desjardins: None. M. Church: None. W. K. Kremers: Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Biogen, Roche Pharma. F. J. Doyle: Advisory Panel; Self; Mode AGC, Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care. E. Dassau: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Funding JDRF (2-SRA-2017-503-M-B); The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust; Dexcom, Inc. (IIS-2019-017)
Globally-Attractive Logarithmic Geometric Control of a Quadrotor for Aggressive Trajectory Tracking.

We present a new quadrotor geometric control scheme that is capable of tracking highly aggressive trajectories. Unlike previous works, our geometric controller uses the logarithmic map of SO(3) to express rotational error in the Lie algebra, allowing us to treat the manifold in a more effective and natural manner, and can be shown to be globally attractive. We show the performance of our control scheme against highly aggressive trajectories in simulation experiments. Additionally, we present an adaptation of this controller that allows us to interface effectively with the angular rate controllers on an onboard flight control unit and show the ability of this adapted control scheme to track aggressive trajectories on a quadrotor hardware platform.
Questions of Sincerity in Cooperative Polls

Online tools like Doodle polls are frequently used for meeting coordination and other decentralized cooperative decision-making. Since Doodle polls are a form of approval voting, theoretical results from voting theory often underpin work in this area. Sincerity, where a voter never says yes to a less-preferred option without saying yes to all more preferable choices, is a common assumption in approval voting. However, that does not take into account cooperative behavior sometimes exhibited by users when others’ responses are known. We conduct a user study investigating the extent to which college-student participants in Doodle-style polls were sincere, reporting on responses from one institution.
Spinal Cord: Structure and Function

Since the spinal cord is the best-understood and least complex of the major elements of the central nervous system, it is appropriate to begin the discussion of the CNS with it. The spinal cord has two fairly distinct functions. It conducts action potentials to and from the brain and it relates to “its” segment.
Using an issue-based hypertext system to capture the software life-cycle process

Hypertext and object-oriented database technology offer significant possibilities for designing new software engineering environments which better represent the complex relationships between the ma...
PatientService: electronic patient record redaction and delivery in pervasive environments

E-healthcare today is moving away from the tethered domain and becoming diffused into an environment rich with portable digital devices. In this evolving environment, the need to deliver information such as electronic patient records at the point-of-care is a prime factor in managing the healthcare system efficiently. This however presents serious security challenges in pervasive environments such as wirelessly-connected hospitals; where protecting the confidentiality of the information, while at the same time allowing authorized user to access it conveniently is the core issue in the paradigm. We describe the security challenges in pervasive computing environments, and explain why traditional security mechanisms fail to meet the demands of these environments. We use an architecture that incorporates policy based security and distributed trust management to provide a highly flexible approach for accessing electronic patient records that are electronically reacted depending on the users digital credentials. We then present a prototype of the system using a variety of portable devices with wireless technology and include the policy used to test the system.
Preparation of purified polysaccharides from Rhizobium.

Abstract A method is described for the preparation of purified polysaccharides from strains of Rhizobium in quantities large enough so that with an exhaustive purification scheme enough product is recovered for various characterization purposes. When steps in the purification process are eliminated, much larger amounts of crude gum are obtained. Organisms were grown in liquid medium and the crude gum was precipitated along with the bacterial cells by a quaternary ammonium complexing agent. This precipitate was dissolved in salt solution, reprecipitated with ethanol or ethanol-acetone mixtures several times, followed by pressure filtration with membrane filters. The same procedure should be applicable to commercial scale production in large fermentors if a use for the gum could be shown. The method also should be suitable for other organisms with similar growth habits.
Serum cholesterol in bulimia nervosa

Objective The purpose of this retrospective study was to replicate and to extend previous work indicating that bulimia nervosa is associated with elevated serum levels of cholesterol and to examine the association between cholesterol and other clinical and serum measures. Methods Clinical characteristics and laboratory data including nonfasting cholesterol and thyroid indices were collected from charts of 119 women with bulimia nervosa and 42 female controls. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean age or body mass index. The mean serum cholesterol level of the patient group was statistically significantly greater than that of the control group (patients: 194 ± 36 mg/dl; controls: 176 ± 34 mg/dl; t = 2.77; df = 159; p = .006). The mean calculated free T4 of the bulimia nervosa patient group was statistically lower than that of the control group (patients: 1.89 ± 0.32; controls: 2.09 ± 0.26; t = 2.86; df = 141; p = .005). There was no correlation between calculated free T4 and serum cholesterol within the combined group (r = .04, p > .5, N = 143) or within the patient group (r = .08, p > .3, N = 118). Conclusions The average serum level of cholesterol is elevated in the patients with bulimia nervosa. The mechanism for and the consequences of this abnormality are uncertain. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 30: 294–298, 2001.
Al Qaeda's Scorecard: A Progress Report on Al Qaeda's Objectives

Terrorism scholars are divided over whether terrorism is an effective tactic. Disagreement derives from the fact that the objectives of terrorist groups are often highly contested. Nowhere is this clearer than in contemporary statements on Al Qaeda. This article explores the most common interpretations for why Al Qaeda attacked the United States on 11 September 2001, and then analyzes their empirical support. After determining the most compelling interpretation of Al Qaeda's objectives, the article evaluates Al Qaeda's success in achieving them since perpetrating this watershed attack. The following analysis provides a timely case study in the classic debate over whether terrorism is strategically rational behavior.
Monte Carlo simulations of supported bimetallic catalysts

Abstract Supported bimetallic catalysts are modeled with a Monte Carlo simulation technique that uses a coordination-dependent potential model. Cubo-octahedral particles with dispersions ranging from 30 to 60% are studied as well as particles that have irregular shapes. Systems modeled include the PtIb (Ib = Cu, Ag, Au), AgRu, and PtRh bimetallics. In the PtIb systems, the Ib element segregates to the surface of the catalyst and tends to occupy the lowest coordinated sites first. Differences in the degree of surface segregation among the Ib elements are easily seen at higher Ib concentrations where Au is shown to segregate to the surface more strongly than Ag or Cu. The degree of clustering of Pt atoms on the surface of the catalyst particles depends on which Ib element is present. For a given amount of Ib atoms present on the surface the AuPt system is observed to produce larger ensembles of surface Pt atoms than the AgPt or CuPt systems. Predicted relative platinum dispersions for the AgPt system were compared to hydrogen chemisorption measurements and found to be in good agreement except for one sample (30 wt% Ag) in which the measured value was found to be higher than the predicted value. This difference could be explained by a nonuniform distribution of silver in the catalyst sample or by the effect of chemisorption. In the AgRu system, silver atoms are found to segregate to the surface and cluster together. Predicted relative ruthenium dispersion is compared to hydrogen chemisorption measurements and found to be in agreement. The PtRh system showed that platinum atoms undergo net surface segregation, although rhodium atoms tended to dominate the corner and edge sites of the crystallites.
The Gendering of Men in Early Childhood Education

In-depth interviews with men who work with young children as well as other key personnel in early childhood education (ECE) were analyzed using Acker’s (1990) theory of gendered organizations along with Connell’s (1987) typology of masculinities. The conclusion reached is that ECE is indeed gendered in terms of the symbols in frequent use, the differential structural location of women and men, the internal mental work of individuals, and the interactions among individuals. In addition, instead of performing a complicit masculinity and enjoying some of the perquisites and privileges of hegemonic men, as other researchers have suggested, this project demonstrates that the men are attempting to live subordinate masculinities that could challenge traditional gender relations. Their attempts are, however, thwarted by the gender regime embedded in the occupational structure.
Diminished IFN-γ and IL-10 and elevated Foxp3 mRNA expression in the cervix are associated with CIN 2 or 3†‡

Cervical mucosal expression of cytokines involved in mediating cellular immunity is believed to influence the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a necessary prerequisite for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Additionally, regulatory T (Treg) cells are increasingly understood to be important modulators of cellular immunity. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we measured, in cross-sectional design, the cervical mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-12, as well as the Treg transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), in a cohort of young women representing CIN 1, 2, and 3, as well as benign histology. Higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 were significantly (p <or= 0.05) associated with decreased odds of having high-grade cervical disease (CIN 2 or 3) in multivariate logistic regression models. In contrast, higher levels of mucosal Foxp3 expression were associated with increased odds of having CIN 2 or 3 (p = 0.004). In a multivariate model including cervical infection with HPV16 and/or another high-risk HPV type, Foxp3 remained higher in the CIN 2/3 group, but the difference was notably less significant (p = 0.05). These findings support a model in which diminished cellular immunity in the cervical mucosa and mucosal enrichment of Treg cells both contribute to the development of high-grade lesions.
RADIATION DOSE TO THE LENS DURING CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION : AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROTON RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE

Purpose To evaluate the effect of angle modification of cranial field proton beam therapy on the radiation dose delivered to the lens during craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Methods and Materials Thirty-nine patients with central nervous system tumors who received CSI with a posterior fossa boost were analyzed for the radiation dose to the lens. Thirteen patients received cranial field treatment using standard opposed-lateral proton beams, and 26 patients received treatment with angled posterior-oblique proton beams. The lens dose in a test case also was evaluated by comparing conventional X-rays with the two proton beam planning methods by using a CMS/Xio three-dimensional planning system. Results Substantial lens dose sparing was realized with the angling of the cranial proton beams 15°–20° to the posterior. In the 39 treated patients who were analyzed (median age, 7 years), average dose delivered to the lens was decreased by approximately 50% by angling of the proton beams, with the average maximum dose decreasing from 74% to 40% of the prescribed dose ( p p p = 0.14). With the opposed-lateral technique (median age, 6 years), the lens dose increased significantly with decreasing age ( p = 0.002), whereas there was no effect of age on lens dose in the angled beam–treated group (median age, 8.5 years; p = 0.73). Conclusion The present study clearly shows an advantage in sparing of the lens dose by angling the beams used during proton beam CSI. This effect is most pronounced in patients 10 years and younger because of anatomic effects of sinus development.
Non-uniform Eshelby's tensor inside a spherical inclusion in a functionally graded space in transport phenomena

Within the framework of thermal conduction, we consider a functionally graded isotropic infinite medium containing a spherical inclusion which undergoes prescribed uniform heat flux-free temperature gradient. In this research the thermal conductivity is assumed to be exponentially varied in space. Analytical expressions in series form for the temperature and the second-order Eshelby's conduction tensor inside and outside the spherical inclusion are obtained. Our analytical results indicate that the second-order Eshelby's conduction tensor is non-uniform within the spherical inclusion and that it is in general not symmetric. Furthermore our numerical results quantitatively demonstrate how the Eshelby's tensor within the spherical inclusion is non-uniformly distributed due to the spatially varying thermal conductivity.
Prevalence, clinical phenotype, and outcomes associated with normal B-type natriuretic peptide levels in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is used widely to exclude heart failure (HF) in patients with dyspnea. However, most studies of BNP have focused on diagnosing HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a normal BNP level (≤100 pg/ml) is relatively common in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), a heterogenous disorder commonly associated with obesity. A total of 159 consecutive patients enrolled in the Northwestern University HFpEF Program were prospectively studied. All subjects had symptomatic HF with EF >50% and elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. BNP was tested at baseline in all subjects. Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, invasive hemodynamics, and outcomes were compared among patients with HFpEF with normal (≤100 pg/ml) versus elevated (>100 pg/ml) BNP. Of the 159 patients with HFpEF, 46 (29%) had BNP ≤100 pg/ml. Subjects with normal BNP were younger, were more often women, had higher rates of obesity and higher body mass index, and less commonly had chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. EFs and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were similar in the normal and elevated BNP groups (62 ± 7% vs 61 ± 7%, p = 0.67, and 25 ± 8 vs 27 ± 9 mm Hg, p = 0.42, respectively). Elevated BNP was associated with enlarged left atrial volume, worse diastolic function, abnormal right ventricular structure and function, and worse outcomes (e.g., adjusted hazard ratio for HF hospitalization 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 9.7, p = 0.003). In conclusion, normal BNP levels were present in 29% of symptomatic outpatients with HFpEF who had elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, and although BNP is useful as a prognostic marker in HFpEF, normal BNP does not exclude the outpatient diagnosis of HFpEF.
DesignSpace: a manual interaction environment for computer aided design

pointing device shifted the paradigm and allowed visualization without explicit numerical references. DesignSpace is a computer-aided-design (CAD) system that facilitates dexterous manipulation of mechanical design representations. The system consists of an interactive simulation programmed with a seamless extended model of the designer's physical environment and driven with continuous instrumentation of the designer's physical actions. The simulation displays consistent visual and aural images of the virtual environment without occluding the designer's sensation of the physical surroundings. Developed at Stanford University's Center for Design Research (CDR), DesignSpace serves as an experimental testbed for design theory and methodology research. DesignSpace includes significant contributions from recent CDR development projects: TalkingGlove, CutPlane, VirtualHand, TeleSign, and VirtualGrasp. The current DesignSpace prototype provides modeling facility for only crude conceptual design and assembly, but can network multiple systems to share a common virtual space and arbitrate the collaborative interaction. The DesignSpace prototype employs three head-tracked rear projection images, head-coupled binaural audio, hand instrumentation, and electromagnetic position tracking. 3D CAD faces similar resistance today while workstation systems channel the design interaction through one and two dimensional interfaces. A design tool should maintain full dimensionality in the design process and not subject the design to unnecessary constraints in the communication between designers, the design media, and the final realized artifact. DesignSpace embraces this ideal by providing facilities for interactive simulation, dexterous manipulation, and remote collaboration. BACKGROUND CDR was founded in 1983 as an industry-academia collaborative and interdisciplinary R&D center to improve the engineering and product design processes. The Center accepts design problems from industry and government, and confronts them with creative design teams, for the purpose of design process observation and study, experimental design practice, and new design tool development. A long-term CDR goal is to aid the design process so that problem complexity does not impede creativity, design knowledge reuse, and human skill. CDR researchers and designers collaborate on projects to study the design process, to develop devices and interfaces to better map manual skills to data operations, to experiment with alternative means of design knowledge storage and retrieval, and to investigate design tool effectiveness. DesignSpace encapsulates technologies from several CDR projects within a conceptual design environment context to serve as a testbed for evaluating their effective application.
Quantifying Emotional States Based on Body Language Data Using Non Invasive Sensors

Determining participant engagement is an important issue across a large number of fields, ranging from entertainment to education. Traditionally, feedback from participants is taken after the activity has been completed. Alternately, continuous observation by trained humans is needed. Thus, there is a need for an automated real time solution. In this paper, the authors propose a data mining driven approach that models a participant’s engagement, based on body language data acquired in real time using non-invasive sensors. Skeletal position data, that approximates human body motions, is acquired from participants using off the shelf, non-invasive sensors. Thereafter, machine learning techniques are employed to detect body language patterns representing emotions such as delight, interest, boredom, frustration, and confusion. The methodology proposed in this paper enables researchers to predict the participants’ engagement levels in real time with high accuracy above 98%. A case study involving human participants enacting eight body language poses, is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology. Finally, this methodology highlights the potential of a real time, automated engagement detection using non-invasive sensors which can ultimately have applications in a large variety of areas such as lectures, gaming and classroom learning.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Impedance functions for three‐dimensional foundations supported on an infinitely‐long canyon of uniform cross‐section in a homogeneous half‐space

A direct boundary element procedure is presented to determine the impedance matrix for a three-dimensional foundation supported on an infinitely-long canyon of uniform cross-section cut in a homogeneous half-space. The uniform cross-section of the canyon permits analytical integration along the canyon axis leading to a series of two-dimensional boundary problems involving Fourier transforms of the full-space Green's functions. Solution of these two-dimensional boundary problems leads to a dynamic flexibility influence matrix which is inverted to determine the impedance matrix. The accuracy of the procedure is demonstrated by comparison with previous solutions for a surface-supported, square foundation and results obtained by a three-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) for a foundation of finite-width supported on an infinitely-long canyon. Compared with the three-dimensional BEM, the present method requires less computer storage and is more accurate and efficient. The foundation impedance matrix determined by this procedure can be incorporated in a substructure method for earthquake analysis of arch dams.
Stereoselective synthesis of stable isotope-labeled L-α-amino acids: enantioselective synthesis of 13C-, 15N-labeled L-proline using Oppolzer's glycine template

We have developed a stereoselective route to the synthesis of stable isotope-labeled L-proline. Alkylation of (2R)-N-(N'-[bis(methylthio)methylidene}-glycyl)bornane-10,2-sultam with 3-chloro-iodopropane yielded (2R)-N-{(2'S)-2'-([Bis(methylthio)methylidine]amino}-5-chloropentan-1-oyl}bornane-10,2-sultam Cyclization to the imino acid occurred during the sequential removal of the α-amino protecting group and the chiral auxiliary.
Serous macular detachment in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a report of four cases.

Purpose To describe a series of 4 patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and serous macular detachment, and propose a mechanism for development of subretinal fluid based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. Design Retrospective observational case series. Methods The records of patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and OCT documentation of serous macular detachment at Wills Eye Institute were reviewed. Data collection included clinical examination, as well as findings on fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT. Results Four patients (8 eyes) with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and serous retinal detachment were identified. All eyes had varying degrees of venous stasis retinopathy and intraretinal edema overlying the macular detachment. Three patients had no FA leakage, while 1 patient had macular leakage in a petaloid pattern. Focal outer retinal defects within the detached retina were seen in 4 eyes on OCT imaging. In one eye, development of cystoid macular edema was observed before the outer retinal defect and serous macular detachment. All patients with serous macular detachment had some degree of outer retinal disruption. Conclusion Discontinuity of the outer retina within the macular detachment may enable immunoglobulins along with accumulated intraretinal fluid to flow into the subretinal space, creating a serous retinal detachment. Even with systemic treatment of the underlying Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, the visual prognosis was guarded.
Functional determinants of bone structure: beyond Wolff's law of bone transformation.

Frost has suggested that functional loading controls bone mass and form as a thermostat controls temperature--by homeostatic regulation (i.e., by negative feedback). Yet, the literature contains many results that appear incompatible with the "mechanostat" hypothesis. We propose that a different type of regulation--epigenetic--is important in many aspects of bone adaptation. Epigenetic regulation, as we describe it, involves positive feedback loops and promotes differentiation as it forces elements of a system to choose between two extreme levels called attractors. Our review of bone adaptation data suggests that lamellar bone formation is regulated homeostatically, whereas the formation of woven-fibered bone or fracture callus is regulated epigenetically, that is, woven bone formation is brought about by a positive feedback loop that stimulates osteoblasts to a state of greater individual activity. This positive feedback loop may involve transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), for which autocrine induction has been demonstrated in vivo, as well as other factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The importance of this model is that it provides a mechanism for many unexplained nonlinear events that have been observed in bone adaptation experiments. Furthermore, it provides insights into the genesis of woven bone, which is a critical step in the process of bone healing and regeneration.
Detection of leaks in a liquid-liquid heat exchanger using passive acoustic noise

We describe some experiments in which acoustic noise from the flow of fluids in a counter-current heat exchanger is used to detect leaks of various sizes and locations. Methods of processing the data and using the coefficients in an autoregressive (AR) series to extract information about the faults are discussed. We also compare the results of three classification strategies applied to the data, namely quadratic discrimination, nearest neighbors and artficial neural networks.