cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects on adult newt limb regeneration of partial and complete skin flaps over the amputation surface

The influence of the wound epithelium on the cellular events preceding blastema formation was examined by comparing dedifferentiation, DNA labeling indices, and mitotic indices of the distal mesodermal tissues in control regenerating newt forelimbs and in amputated forelimbs covered with a flap of full thickness skin. Three kinds of results were seen following the skin-flap graft operations. Epidermal migration across the amputation surface was completely inhibited in 22% (8) of the cases and these limbs repaired the amputation wound but did not form regeneration blastemas. In 11% (4) of the experimental limbs, essentially normal wound epithelia displaced the skin flaps and the limb stumps formed blastemas and regenerated. The majority of the skin grafts (67%) exhibited epidermal migration restricted to the free edges of the flaps. These limbs formed eccentric blastemas on the ventral side of the limb next to the dermis-free epidermis and regenerated laterally in that direction.
Coded Polemic in Ammianus Book 31 and the Date and Place of its Composition.

The Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus poses numerous structural puzzles for the historian, among them the anomalous final book, numbered 31 in the manuscript tradition. This book, which treats the Gothic rebellion of a.d. 376–378 and the campaign of Adrianople, is loosely connected to the other extant books, which conclude with events of a.d. 375. The present article argues that Book 31 was in origin a separate monograph, drafted in Greek at Antioch in the aftermath of the Roman defeat at Adrianople. Perhaps modelled on the Scythica of Dexippus, its contents reflect the Antiochene and Constantinopolitan polemic of its moment. For reasons that must remain speculative, Ammianus later translated his work into Latin and appended it to a finished draft of the Res Gestae.
Outpatient High‐Dose Urokinase Infusion Improves Dialysis Catheter Longevity: A Prospective Observational Study

Catheter thrombosis is a major limiting factor affecting catheter survival in hemodialysis (HD). A previous retrospective study highlighted the utility of outpatient intradialytic high-dose urokinase (HDU) infusion in the treatment of HD catheter thrombosis. The present study was designed to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of 250 000 IU urokinase given as a 3-hour infusion during HD. The infusion would follow detection of a drop in blood flow thought to be secondary to thrombosis [a "thrombotic event" (TE)] after exclusion of nonthrombotic causes of drop in blood flow [a "nonthrombotic event" (NTE)], such as systemic hypotension or suboptimal position of the catheter on x ray. An "event" was defined as a drop in pump blood flow by greater than or equal to 20% of the prescribed blood flow. Twenty patients (mean age 57.7 years; 13 males) with documented or potentially long-term catheters were recruited (total catheters used, 30) from an outpatient HD unit. A variety of catheter types were used. Catheter position was confirmed on x ray. Hemodialysis sessions were monitored for 6 months or until catheter removal (whichever was earlier). Thrombotic and NTEs (mostly related to drop in blood flow) were noted. The use of intradialytic HDU infusions was monitored. Improvement was defined as reestablishment of blood flow to within 10% of prescription. There were 24 TEs in 11 patients and 15 NTEs in 7 patients. Twenty-one of 22 (95%) TEs responded to HDU, with complete restoration of blood flow; in 1/22 HDU-treated instances there was a partial response. For 2/24 TEs the patients underwent catheter stripping with good results. Twelve of 15 NTEs occurred in the first 2 weeks of catheter placement versus 6/24 TEs (p = 0.001, chi-square). Catheter survival was longer than 24 weeks in 12/30 catheters. Nine catheters were lost to NTEs. No catheter was lost secondary to a TE. It is therefore concluded that intradialytic outpatient HDU is useful for the treatment of HD catheter thrombosis. It may obviate/reduce the need for catheter stripping or replacement. Randomized controlled trials with this approach are needed. A higher proportion of NTEs tended to occur earlier after catheter placement compared to TEs.
How Researchers Respond to Replication Requests Revisited

Author cooperation is almost always needed when attempting to replicate important advertising research because critical study details are often omitted from articles due to the value of journal space. We replicate and extend Reid, Rotfeld, and Wimmer (1982) by measuring authors' compliance with requests to share their study's details, which are needed to replicate their published empirical advertising journal articles. More than a third of authors did not share enough details of the requested study to enable independent replication and extension of their work. Extending earlier research, we find that obtaining details of author-generated data is much easier (75%) than public secondary data (44%). Obtaining details of third-party data was largely impossible. We also found important differences in compliance with requests for replication information across journals. Our results have implications for advertising knowledge generation and the ability to independently replicate published research. We offer sugg...
Array Operation Mode Characterization of Select Gate Lateral Coupling Single-Poly Embedded Nonvolatile Memory

This paper clarifies the reason for the specific array structure and operation methods of a select gate lateral coupling (SGLC) cell array as well as its disturbance immunity. An SGLC cell is a type of single-poly embedded nonvolatile memory that does not require any additional masks and process steps for fabrication. It shows excellent features, such as high programming speed, small cell size comparable to that of SRAM, multitime programmable, and over-erase free characteristic. However, the reasons of its operation methods and cycling limitation have not yet been clarified. We investigated the cycling effect of two types of array structures based on the unit-cell operation method. In particular, in the forward read mode, because of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) that is enhanced by trapped holes at the liner nitride, $V_{T}$ of a programmed cell significantly decreased with a relatively small number of program/erase (P/E) cycles, resulting in a narrower $V_{T}$ window. By adopting the reverse read mode with source-side programming, DIBL enhancement was suppressed and a stable $V_{T}$ window was maintained during P/E cycling. Furthermore, by measuring each disturb method that works with the SGLC cell array structure and the reverse read operation mode, we confirmed that an array size larger than 128-kB sectors is possible.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Level on Development and Populations of the Pecan Leaf Scorch Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Population development and specific effects of the pecan leaf scorch mite, Eotetranychus hicoriae (McGregor), were studied on pecan seedlings grown under N regimes of 0, 200, or 600 ppm. The largest mite population developed on seedlings with N at 200 ppm (recommended level for good orchard maintenance). The size of this population was attributed to enhanced mite reproduction and not to a shorter life cycle. Generation mortality was 65.3% at 0 ppm, 40.6% at 200 ppm, and 37.8% at 600-ppm N. Compared with that of control seedlings, net photosynthesis (Pn) was less in seedlings with mites at 200-ppm N, but was greater in seedlings with mites at 600-ppm N. Seedlings with mites and provided with 200-ppm N were shorter than seedlings without mites, but in the 600-ppm N test seedlings with mites were taller than seedlings without mites.
Language use and style matching in supportive conversations between strangers and friends

Using data from individuals disclosing a personally relevant and problematic event to either a stranger (N = 151) or friend (N = 119), this study explored whether emotion and cognitive mechanism words produced by the discloser and the language style matching (LSM) of interlocutors influenced the reappraisal process necessary to feel better. Results showed that positive emotion words and LSM influenced reported emotional improvement through the mechanism of cognitive reappraisal (CR). This model was supported for friends and strangers who also did not appreciably differ with respect to language use or style matching. The discussion highlights the role of CR as well as the potential for other emotion regulation strategies in the conversational coping process.
Solar fuel photoanodes prepared by inkjet printing of copper vanadates

Widespread deployment of solar fuel generators requires the development of efficient and scalable functional materials, especially for photoelectrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction. Metal oxides comprise the most promising class of photoanode materials, but no known material meets the demanding photoelectrochemical requirements. Copper vanadates have recently been identified as a promising class of photoanode materials with several phases exhibiting an indirect band gap near 2 eV and stable photoelectrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction in a pH 9.2 electrolyte. By employing combinatorial inkjet printing of metal precursors and applying both calcination and rapid thermal processing, we characterize the phase behaviour of the entire CuO–V2O5 composition space for different thermal treatments via automated analysis of approximately 100 000 Raman spectra acquired using a novel Raman imaging technique. These results enable the establishment of structure–property relationships for optical absorption and photoelectrochemical properties, revealing that highly active photoelectrocatalysts containing α-Cu2V2O7 or α-CuV2O6 can be prepared using scalable solution processing techniques. An additional discovery results from the formation of an off-stoichiometric β-Cu2V2O7 material that exhibits high photoelectroactivity in the presence of a ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple with excellent stability in a pH 13 electrolyte, demonstrating that copper vanadates may be viable photoanodes in strong alkaline electrolytes.
RESEARCH ON QUANTITATIVE RECOGNITION OF POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE SOURCES USING FUZZY REASONING AND POWER MODE OF THINKING

The quantitative recognition of potential earthquake sources has been studied by fuzzy-reasoning and power mode of thinking,that is,synthetic consideration of various factors at the same time. As an example,the North China region has been analysed. Results indicate that the method reflects our present knowledge of the characters of earthquake tectonics,seismicity and potential earthquake sources; considers synthetically the influence between factors,and gives the results in digital expression. Thus a foundation for determining the parameters of earthquake sources is laid. Therefore the method is scientifically sound and practical.
Potential Hosts for Lambertella corni-maris and Phacidium lacerum within the Family Rosaceae

Two fungi were recently described as pathogens of pome fruit in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: Lambertella corni-maris on apple, and Phacidium lacerum Fr. (syn. Ceuthospora pinastri (Fr.) Hohn.) on ap...
Urodynamic Norms in Female Voiding. II. The Flow Modulation Zone and Voiding Dysfunction

AbstractThe urodynamic parameters during voiding are tabulated for a group of women with voiding dysfunction. These patients have consistently lower flow rates than a normal population and the cross-sectional area of the voided stream is statistically less in the patient group. The parameters measured can behave as they do only if there is a zone of active neuromuscular control of the urinary stream localized within the urethra. Surgical intervention in this flow modulation zone tends to compromise voiding function and to affect flow rate adversely.
Assessment of Particle Induced Reactive Synovitis in Fixed and Mobile Bearing Posterior-Stabilized Designs: A 10-Year Prospective Matched-Pair MRI Study

Introduction: The earliest evidence of particle-induced response is found in the synovium, leading to osteolytic defect. The degree of synovitis can be quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This is the first long-term, prospective, matched-pair study using MRI to analyze wear-induced synovitis and osteolysis between rotating-platform posterior-stabilized (RP-PS), fixed-bearing metal-back (FB-MB), and all-polyethylene tibial (APT) designs in active patients with identical femoral components and polyethylene. Methods: From September 1999 to October 2001, a matched-pair analysis of 24 TKAs (18 patients, 3 groups: 8 RP-PS, 8 FB-MB, and 8 APT) was performed. TKAs were matched for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scores. All patients underwent MRI using MAVRIC (multi-acquisition variable-resonance image combination) knee protocol designed to reduce metal susceptibility artifact. Images were evaluated for volumetric measure of synovitis and/or osteolysis and presence of fibrous membrane formation at the cement-bone interface. Results: The mean age was 64 ± 5 years (59–72). The mean follow-up was 11.6 ± 0.7 years (10–13). The mean UCLA score at the time of surgery was 8.5 ± 2.6 (5–10). Reactive synovitis was observed in 6 RP-PS (75%), all 8 FB-MB (100%), and 6 APT (75%) knees. There was a significant difference between the volumetric synovitis in RP-PS (4046 mm3 ± 4502 mm3), and FB-MB knees (24498 mm3 ± 22248 mm3), p Conclusion: Based of this study, it appears that particle induced synovitis is evident in all 3 types of bearing surfaces, however, it is significantly less in the RP-PS group. This is in contradiction to the report of retrieval studies.
An improved biophysical model of electroporation of cell membrane

In this paper, the author has improved a model of electroporation of cell membrane in a biological system. The improved model elucidates that: the critical potential difference /spl Delta//spl psi//sub 0/ of electroporation is proportional to /sub g/spl tau/0/2//sup mL2/ and exp(/sub RT///sup /spl Delta/Ed/), where m, L and q are respectively mass, thickness and net charge of a membrane patch; /spl tau//sub 0/ is the critical time width of the externally imposed electric pulse; R is the gas constant; T is the absolute temperature of an electroporation system and /spl Delta/E/sub d/ (>0) is a thermodynamic energy of molecules in the cell membrane. /spl Delta/E/sub d/ is equal to an absolute value of a dragging energy bond of molecules in the interface between a patch and a cell. /spl Delta/E/sub d/ has been obtained and it is at a level of an absolute value of a hydrogen bond energy (5.44 kcal/mole) by fitting a set of experimental data.
Finding Biomass Degrading Enzymes Through an Activity-Correlated Quantitative Proteomics Platform (ACPP)

The microbial secretome, known as a pool of biomass (i.e., plant-based materials) degrading enzymes, can be utilized to discover industrial enzyme candidates for biofuel production. Proteomics approaches have been applied to discover novel enzyme candidates through comparing protein expression profiles with enzyme activity of the whole secretome under different growth conditions. However, the activity measurement of each enzyme candidate is needed for confident "active" enzyme assignments, which remains to be elucidated. To address this challenge, we have developed an Activity-Correlated Quantitative Proteomics Platform (ACPP) that systematically correlates protein-level enzymatic activity patterns and protein elution profiles using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. The ACPP optimized a high performance anion exchange separation for efficiently fractionating complex protein samples while preserving enzymatic activities. The detected enzymatic activity patterns in sequential fractions using microplate-based assays were cross-correlated with protein elution profiles using a customized pattern-matching algorithm with a correlation R-score. The ACPP has been successfully applied to the identification of two types of "active" biomass-degrading enzymes (i.e., starch hydrolysis enzymes and cellulose hydrolysis enzymes) from Aspergillus niger secretome in a multiplexed fashion. By determining protein elution profiles of 156 proteins in A. niger secretome, we confidently identified the 1,4-α-glucosidase as the major "active" starch hydrolysis enzyme (R = 0.96) and the endoglucanase as the major "active" cellulose hydrolysis enzyme (R = 0.97). The results demonstrated that the ACPP facilitated the discovery of bioactive enzymes from complex protein samples in a high-throughput, multiplexing, and untargeted fashion. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Valuing environmental amenities through inverse optimization: Theory and case study

Abstract Amenity values of private forests are implicit but play a critical role in decision and policy making. This study presents an innovative valuation approach integrating techniques of operations research and economic theory of pricing environmental goods. A forest planning problem was inversed through altering its reward function of timber values so that the observed harvesting behavior became optimal. The discrepancy between the original and new rewards uncovered amenities values which were linked to forest attributes via hedonic models. This method was applied to a case study of the U.S. southern pine region. Depending on forest conditions, total economic values of amenities varied from zero to just under one thousand dollar per ha. At a discount rate of 3%, a typically managed forest generated on average $243 ha −1 of amenities values per annum, more than twice of harvested timber values. Structural diversity and density of large pine trees were the key determinants to preserving forests for environmental amenities.
Error Analysis of Automatic Speech Recognition Using Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning

This paper describes an experiment performed using the Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning algorithm (Boley, 1998) in order to extract linguistic word error regularities from several sets of medical dictation data. For each of six physicians, two hundred finished medical dictations aligned with their corresponding automatic speech recognition output were clustered and the results analyzed for linguistic regularities between and within clusters. Sparsity measures indicated a good fit between the algorithm and the input data. Linguistic analysis of the output clusters showed evidence of systematic word recognition error for short words, function words, words with destressed vowels, and phonological confusion errors due to telephony (recording) bandwidth interference. No qualitatively significant distinctions between clusters could be made by examining word errors alone, but the results confirmed several informally held hypotheses and suggested several avenues of further investigation, such as the examination of word error contexts.
Exploring an Ensemble-Based Approach to Atmospheric Climate Modeling and Testing at Scale

Abstract A strict throughput requirement has placed a cap on the degree to which we can depend on the execution of single, long, fine spatial grid simulations to explore global atmospheric climate behavior. Alternatively, running an ensemble of short simulations is computationally more efficient. We test the null hypothesis that the climate statistics of a full-complexity atmospheric model derived from an ensemble of independent short simulation is equivalent to that from an equilibrated long simulation. The climate of short simulation ensembles is statistically distinguishable from that of a long simulation in terms of the distribution of global annual means, largely due to the presence of low-frequency atmospheric intrinsic variability in the long simulation. We also find that model climate statistics of the simulation ensemble are sensitive to the choice of compiler optimizations. While some answer-changing optimization choices do not effect the climate state in terms of mean, variability and extremes, aggressive optimizations can result in significantly different climate states.
Taxpayer Collection Rights as a Defense to Private Debt Collection

The collection of taxes is an essential component of tax administration. Government operations are dependent upon annual taxpayer deposits and federal employees are given numerous tools to ensure outstanding debts are paid. However, because of recent scandals plaguing the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Congress has imposed budgetary sanctions on the nation’s tax collector, leaving the IRS with few resources to collect outstanding tax debts. In 2015, Congress passed the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act. The FAST Act was passed primarily to authorize federal funds for use in resurfacing, constructing, and rehabilitating America’s transportation infrastructure, but it contained several important tax provisions. Specifically, the FAST Act overhauled section 6306 of the Internal Revenue Code (Code), which controls the Department of Treasury’s use of qualified collection contracts. One of the primary changes to this statute was the insertion of language requiring Treasury to use private debt collectors to collect inactive tax receivables. The IRS recently selected four private debt collectors to collect taxpayer debts, and such collection activities commenced in the Spring of 2017. In light of these developing collection activities, it is vital that taxpayer rights be clarified and taxpayer remedies illuminated, to protect taxpayers from illegal private debt collection activities. This article addresses the significant changes to Code section 6306 and how certain statutory language curtails taxpayer rights. The article clarifies taxpayer rights existing under the Code and under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The article concludes by discussing the remedies available to taxpayers and the current inadequacies of such remedies. Congressional amendments are proposed to improve taxpayer recoveries and ensure taxpayer rights are adequately protected.
To Lead Is to Err: The Mediating Role of Attribution in the Relationship Between Leader Error and Leader Ratings:

The purpose of this study was threefold: to expand the existing leader error taxonomy to include a third dimension of leader error (i.e., ethical errors), to examine the differential effects of err...
A systems architecting methodology using Bloom's taxonomy to promote creative engineering synthesis

Architecting complex systems requires high-level cognitive processing and extensive knowledge of the system elements, functions, relationships, and constraints. This paper describes a systems architecting methodology implemented through cognitive psychological creative processes using Bloom's taxonomy as a framework to generate the expert knowledge required to effectively and systematically synthesize new systems. Systems architecting activities were carried out to identify, develop, and capture factual and conceptual knowledge relevant to the system subject matter and functional elements, as well as to facilitate active processing of the knowledge through remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Dual channel and limited capacity principles of learning were incorporated into the format of the systems engineering tools developed to assist with information processing and retention. Metacognitive strategies associated with memory and creative idea generation were implemented into the methodology to effectively and efficiently develop system alternatives using the full collection of knowledge. Synthesis of an orbiting sample capture and orientation system architecture to enable spacecraft-based on-orbit capture of a Mars sample container for a potential Mars Sample Return campaign was used as a case study.
Moses's Damascus Road Theophany: Rewriting Scripture in Gregory of Nyssa's Life of Moses

As Gregory of Nyssa retells Moses's encounter with God in the burning bush in V. Mos. Book 1, he adds many elements absent from the biblical text. Many of these additions have correspondences to Paul's Damascus Road theophany in Acts 9.1–19, 22.6–16, and 26.12–23. By comparing the text of V. Mos. 1.19.14–1.20 with Acts, we see that Gregory incorporates Pauline elements into his narrative of the burning bush theophany. This creates a hybrid narrative that effectively weaves a new text that presents an account of the episode that is more in line with Gregory's christological interpretation of the event.
Metabolic Liver Disease: Part 1

The liver is known to have an expansive role in the synthesis, degradation, and regulation of pathways involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, trace elements, and vitamins. Subsequently, abnormalities that affect these pathways as well as specific enzyme deficiencies often affect the liver either primarily or secondarily. The spectrum of liver injury results when there is absence or blockage of an enzyme in the metabolic pathway often resulting in accumulation of unmetabolized toxic substrates and/or deficiencies in essential substances normally produced distal to the dysfunctional enzyme. Clinical presentations of children with metabolic liver disease vary from acute, life-threatening illness in the neonatal period to a more indolent, chronic disease process that becomes evident in adolescence or adulthood. Disease progression often results from the failure of metabolic functions resulting in hepatocyte injury or cellular derangement and hepatomegaly with advancement to cirrhosis and/or tumor development. A detailed history can often elicit the possibility of a metabolic dysfunction and assist in the guidance of further clinical investigations while treatment is dependent of the particular metabolic defect that is identified.
Statistical Approach to Photon Localization

A statistical description of wave propagation in random media is necessary to characterize large fluctuations found in these samples. The nature of fluctuations is determined by the closeness to the localization transition. In the absence of inelastic processes, this can be specified, in many circumstances, by a single parameter — the ensemble average of the dimensionless conductance. As a result, the extent of localization can be determined by any of a wide variety of related statistical measurements. Among the quantities that most directly reflect key aspects of localization are the following: (i) the ensemble average of the dimensionless conductance, (ii) the degree of spatial correlation of intensity, (iii) the variances of the probability distribution of transmission quantities, such as the intensity, the total transmission, and the dimensionless conductance, and (iv) the ratio of the width to the spacing of modes of an open sample. We will emphasize the relationships between key statistical aspects of propagation in quasi-one-dimensional samples and the different impact of absorption upon these. We find that even in the presence of absorption, the extent of localization can be characterized by a single parameter — the variance of the total transmission normalized by its ensemble average. Measurements of fluctuations in intensity and total transmission of microwave radiation allow us to study photon localization in collections of dielectric spheres and in periodic metallic wire meshes containing metallic scatterers. We find in low-density collections of alumina spheres contained in a copper tube, at frequencies near the first Mie resonance, that the variance of normalized total transmission scales exponentially once it becomes greater than unity. When this parameter is large, transmission spectra are observed to be a series of narrow lines with widths that are smaller than the separation between peaks. These spectra have an extraordinarily wide intensity distribution and correspondingly large variance. These results demonstrate that the variance of normalized transmission serves as a powerful guide in the search for and characterization of photon localization.
Angiographic stain produced by seizures.

This is the first report of an angiographic stain and other flow abnormalities caused by seizures. The patient is a 43 year old postpartum female. Carotid angiography was done during the thirteenth hour of status epilepticus and showed marked vasodilatation, an abnormal venous flow pattern, and a parietal gyral stain. The seizures stopped after about 20 h of continuous activity and did not return. An angiogram 8 days later was normal. Comparison filsm from the two studies are presented. The patient was normal neurologically at discharge and remains well.
New and Emerging Therapies

The advent of biotechnology combined with an increasing understanding of the immunopathogenesis of rheumatic diseases has led to an explosion of new biological therapies that have been approved or are in development. Examples of these include anti-TNF inhibitors, B-cell-depleting agents, costimulatory modulators, and anti-IL-6 therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease, affecting about 1 % of the North American population. While the understanding of the pathogenesis of lupus has evolved over the last decades, the identification of a single, targetable molecule whose inhibition would mitigate the myriad manifestations of this relatively rare, heterogeneous disease remains elusive. However, several trials, including those that failed to meet primary endpoints, offered rheumatologists important lessons regarding pathogenesis and treatment that help to inform present and future drug development. This chapter summarizes these new and emerging therapies for lupus.
Performance Evaluation of Augmented Reality for Directed Assembly

Although there has been great speculation about the potential of augmented reality (AR) in manufacturing applications, there have been very few empirical studies that assess the effectiveness of the technology. This chapter describes an experiment that tested the relative effectiveness of AR instructions in computer-assisted assembly. The AR solution displayed task information in the user’s field of view (FOV) as 3D objects registered with the workspace. The presentation demonstrates the exact execution of a procedural step. Three traditional instructional media approaches were compared with the AR system: a printed manual, computer-assisted instruction (CAI) using a monitor-based display, and CAI utilizing a head-mounted display (HMD). Results indicate that overlaying 3D instructions on the actual work pieces reduced the error rate for an assembly task by 82%, particularly diminishing cumulative errors, errors due to previous assembly mistakes. Measurement of the mental effort indicated decreased mental effort in the AR condition, suggesting some of the mental calculation of the assembly task is offloaded to the system. The results indicate that an AR system for computer-assisted assembly can improve worker performance.
Ureteropyeloscopic Removal of Ureteral Calculi

Ureteroscopy has been used for the treatment of calculi throughout the ureter. The results of ureteroscopic stone removal were reviewed in 100 patients. Similar results were compared in 30 patients undergoing ureterolithotomy and 32 treated by basket manipulation. Success of ureteroscopic removal was related to the location of the calculus: 50 per cent in the proximal, 80 per cent in the mid and 99 per cent in the distal ureter. Hospital stay, costs and narcotic analgesic use were significantly less for ureteroscopic stone removal than for open surgical lithotomy. The success rate for ureteroscopic removal of distal calculi (99 per cent) was higher than for blind basketing procedures (59 per cent). Ureteroscopy should be considered the technique of choice for the removal of distal ureteral calculi. It is an acceptable alternative for treatment of calculi throughout the urinary tract.
H2S mediates carotid body response to hypoxia but not anoxia.

Abstract The role of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) derived H2S in the hypoxic and anoxic responses of the carotid body (CB) were examined. Experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats, wild type and CSE knockout mice on C57BL/6 J background. Hypoxia (pO2 = 37 ± 3 mmHg) increased the CB sensory nerve activity and elevated H2S levels in rats. In contrast, anoxia (pO2 = 5 ± 4 mmHg) produced only a modest CB sensory excitation with no change in H2S levels. DL-propargylglycine (DL-PAG), a blocker of CSE, inhibited hypoxia but not anoxia-evoked CB sensory excitation and [Ca2+]i elevation of glomus cells. The inhibitory effects of DL-PAG on hypoxia were seen: a) when it is dissolved in saline but not in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and b) in glomus cells cultured for18 h but not in cells either soon after isolation or after prolonged culturing (72 h) requiring 1–3 h of incubation. On the other hand, anoxia-induced [Ca2+]i responses of glomus cell were blocked by high concentration of DL-PAG (300μM) either alone or in combination with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA; 300μM) with a decreased cell viability. Anoxia produced a weak CB sensory excitation and robust [Ca2+]i elevation in glomus cells of both wild-type and CSE null mice. As compared to wild-type, CSE null mice exhibited impaired CB chemo reflex as evidenced by attenuated efferent phrenic nerve responses to brief hyperoxia (Dejours test), and hypoxia. Inhalation of 100% N2 (anoxia) depressed breathing in both CSE null and wild-type mice. These observations demonstrate that a) hypoxia and anoxia are not analogous stimuli for studying CB physiology and b) CSE-derived H2S contributes to CB response to hypoxia but not to that of anoxia.
The role of entrepreneurial risk in financial portfolio allocation

Entrepreneurs or small business owners are confronted by a number of risks in their business activities. Previous literature suggests that entrepreneurs balance business-related financial risk by changing their personal investment strategy to include fewer investments in risky stocks. However, existing studies cannot separate the effects of business-related financial risk from other household and individual factors that influence investment choices. A causal identification strategy is needed to provide actionable evidence regarding whether efforts to ease business-related financing limitations such as low-interest loan or venture capital programs are likely to influence entrepreneurial activity. This analysis uses instrumental variables (IV) estimation to isolate the effects of business ownership on personal finances. Results from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) suggest that entrepreneurs do mitigate business-related financial risk by reducing their personal portfolio share of risky financial assets, but at only half the magnitude estimated by previous studies.
The Effects of an Online Training on Preservice Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Family-Centered Skills

Purpose Despite the recognition that family-centered services are best practice in augmentative and alternative communication services, many speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are lacking in their acquisition and implementation of family-centered skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of online instruction in a family-centered, relational skills strategy on preservice SLPs use of family-centered skills. Method A switching replications design was used to evaluate the effects of an online training on the use of family-centered behaviors by 15 preservice SLPs who were randomly assigned to two groups. The online training taught the students a four-step relational skills strategy (summarized by the acronym LAFF): (a) Listen, empathize, and communicate respect; (b) Ask questions; (c) Focus on the issues; and (d) Find a first step. Participants were videotaped during interactions with simulated parents before and after the training. Results After an average of 61 min of instruction via the online module, all of the preservice SLPs significantly improved their demonstration of relational skills. Additionally, one parent of a child who used augmentative and alternative communication viewed the video recordings and chose 14 of the 15 postinstruction role plays as more family-centered. Conclusion The findings from this study provide support for the use of an online environment to teach preservice SLPs family-centered relational skills. In order to prepare future SLPs and ensure the delivery of family-centered services, future research is necessary, including investigations to determine whether other family-centered skills can be effectively taught through an online environment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12462344.
Starting Darcy–Brinkman Flow in a Sector Duct Using the Method of Eigenfuction Superposition

The powerful method of eigenfunction superposition is applied to the starting flow in a sector duct filled with a porous medium. Using analytic eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation, the solution can be expressed in a simple series. The properties of the velocity and the transient flow rate are found to depend on the sector geometry and a porous medium factor. The starting solution is then used to construct the solution to arbitrary unsteady flows.
Matching graphs

The matching graph M(G) of a graph G is that graph whose vertices are the maximum matchings in G and where two vertices M1 and M2 of M(G) are adjacent if and only if |M1 - M2| = 1. When M(G) is connected, this graph models a metric space whose metric is defined on the set of maximum matchings in G. Which graphs are matching graphs of some graph is not known in general. We determine several forbidden induced subgraphs of matching graphs and add even cycles to the list of known matching graphs. In another direction, we study the behavior of sequences of iterated matching graphs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Graph Theory 29: 73–86, 1998
Linking tree physiological constraints with predictions of carbon and water fluxes at an old‐growth coniferous forest

Author(s): Jiang, Yueyang; Kim, John B; Trugman, Anna T; Kim, Youngil; Still, Christopher J
Evaluation of the Genetic Variance of Alzheimer's Disease Explained by the Disease-Associated Chromosomal Regions.

Heritability analysis of complex traits/diseases is commonly performed to obtain illustrative information about the potential contribution of the genetic factors to their phenotypic variances. In this study, we investigated the narrow-sense heritability (h2) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from three independent studies in the linear mixed models framework. Our meta-analyses demonstrated that the estimated h2 values (and their standard errors) of AD in liability scale were 0.280 (0.091), 0.348 (0.113), and 0.389 (0.126) assuming AD prevalence rates of 10%, 20%, or 30% at ages of 65+, 75+, and 85+ years, respectively. We also found that chromosomal regions containing two or more AD-associated SNPs at p < 5E-08 could collectively explain 37% of the additive genetic variance of AD in our samples. AD-associated regions in which at least one SNP had attained p < 5E-08 explained 56% of the additive genetic variance of AD. These regions harbored 3% and 11% of SNPs in our analyses. Also, the chromosomal regions containing two or more and one or more AD-associated SNPs at p < 5E-06 accounted for 72% and 94% of the additive genetic variance of AD, respectively. These regions harbored 27% and 44% of SNPs in our analyses. Our findings showed that the overall contribution of the additive genetic effects to the AD liability was moderate and age-dependent. Also, they supported the importance of focusing on known AD-associated chromosomal regions to investigate the genetic basis of AD, e.g., through haplotype analysis, analysis of heterogeneity, and functional studies.
Brain activation patterns associated with paragraph learning in persons with multiple sclerosis: The MEMREHAB trial.

Abstract The modified Story Memory Technique (mSMT) is a memory rehabilitation program that combines training in visualization and context formation to improve learning and memory. Previous studies have shown improvement in learning and memory in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) after undergoing the mSMT, including changes in brain activity related to working memory and word encoding. The current study examined changes in brain activity in 16 individuals diagnosed with MS (n treatment = 6; n placebo control = 10) when they were presented with to-be-remembered information within a meaningful context (i.e. a paragraph) from before to after mSMT treatment. We expected treatment-related changes in brain activation in the language network (LAN), default mode network (DMN), and executive control network (ECN). Consistent with this prediction, fMRI results revealed reduced brain activation in the LAN, DMN and ECN after completing the mSMT treatment in the context of paragraph learning. While no significant behavioral changes were observed, a marginally significant improvement with a large effect size was noted between baseline and follow-up performance on the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test in persons who completed treatment. Results are discussed in terms of the impact of imagery training on patterns of cerebral activation when learning words presented within a context.
Unintended consequences: Effects of submarine cable deployment on Internet routing

We use traceroute and BGP data from globally distributed Internet measurement infrastructures to study the impact of a noteworthy submarine cable launch connecting Africa to South America. We leverage archived data from RIPE Atlas and CAIDA Ark platforms, as well as custom measurements from strategic vantage points, to quantify the differences in end-to-end latency and path lengths before and after deployment of this new South-Atlantic cable. We find that ASes operating in South America significantly benefit from this new cable, with reduced latency to all measured African countries. More surprising is that end-to-end latency to/from some regions of the world, including intra-African paths towards Angola, increased after switching to the cable. We track these unintended consequences to suboptimally circuitous IP paths that traveled from Africa to Europe, possibly North America, and South America before traveling back to Africa over the cable. Although some suboptimalities are expected given the lack of peering among neighboring ASes in the developing world, we found two other causes: (i) problematic intra-domain routing within a single Angolese network, and (ii) suboptimal routing/traffic engineering by its BGP neighbors. After notifying the operating AS of our results, we found that most of these suboptimalities were subsequently resolved. We designed our method to generalize to the study of other cable deployments or outages and share our code to promote reproducibility and extension of our work.
OptoSense: Towards Ubiquitous Self-Powered Ambient Light Sensing Surfaces

Ubiquitous computing requires robust and sustainable sensing techniques to detect users for explicit and implicit inputs. Existing solutions with cameras can be privacy-invasive. Battery-powered sensors require user maintenance, preventing practical ubiquitous sensor deployment. We present OptoSense, a general-purpose self-powered sensing system which senses ambient light at the surface level of everyday objects as a high-fidelity signal to infer user activities and interactions. To situate the novelty of OptoSense among prior work and highlight the generalizability of the approach, we propose a design framework of ambient light sensing surfaces, enabling implicit activity sensing and explicit interactions in a wide range of use cases with varying sensing dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D), fields of view (wide, narrow), and perspectives (egocentric, allocentric). OptoSense supports this framework through example applications ranging from object use and indoor traffic detection, to liquid sensing and multitouch input. Additionally, the system can achieve high detection accuracy while being self-powered by ambient light. On-going improvements that replace Optosense's silicon-based sensors with organic semiconductors (OSCs) enable devices that are ultra-thin, flexible, and cost effective to scale.
Untargeted identification of alkyne containing natural products using ruthenium catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition reactions coupled to LC-MS/MS.

Alkyne containing natural products have been identified from plants, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. This class of natural products have been characterized as having a variety of biological activities. Polyynes are a sub-class of acetylenic natural products that contain conjugated alkynes and are underrepresented in natural product databases due to the fact that they decompose during purification. Here we report a workflow that utilizes alkyne azide cycloaddition (AAC) reactions followed by LC-MS/MS analysis to identify acetylenic natural products. In this report, we demonstrate that AAC reactions with p-bromobenzyl azide result in p-bromobenzyl substituted triazole products that fragment to a common brominated tropylium ion. We were able to identify a synthetic alkyne spiked into the extract of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 at a concentration of 10 μg/ml after optimization of MS/MS conditions. We then successfully identified the known natural product fischerellin A in the extract of Fischerella muscicola PCC 9339. Lastly, we identified the recently identified natural products protegenin A and C from Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 through a combination of genome mining and RuAAC reactions. This is the first report of RuAAC reactions to detect acetylenic natural products. We also compare CuAAC and RuAAC reactions and find that CuAAC reactions produce less by-products compared to RuAAC, but is limited to terminal alkyne containing compounds. In contrast, RuAAC is capable of identification of both terminal and internal acetylenic natural products, but by-products need to be eliminated from analysis by creation of an exclusion list. We believe that both CuAAC and RuAAC reactions coupled to LC-MS/MS represent a method for the untargeted identification of acetylenic natural products, but each method has strengths and weaknesses.
Experiential Learning during COVID, a Perspective and a Proposal

Higher education has become more available to students seeking post graduate degrees. When COVID protocols required mass closures, educators had to quickly pivot to remote teaching and learn how to reach out to students in many different circumstances. Experiential learning faced different challenges. This article traces the development of experiential learning in legal education. Experiential learning in the law school curriculum has had a nuanced existence. Experiential learning placements continued with COVID protocols in place providing new insights into different models for experienced based learning and parallel new work models. This article suggests that there are many lessons that can be carried forward post COVID as experiential learning becomes a more integral part of the law school curriculum.
Food Town USA: Seven Unlikely Cities That are Changing the Way We Eat: Mark Winne (2019), [book review]. Washington DC, USA, Island Press, 194 pp., $28.00 (hard cover), ISBN 13: 978-1-61091-944-9

This timely book by local food council expert Mark Winne, Food Town USA: Seven Unlikely Cities That are Changing the Way We Eat, is a well-focused report describing his visits to key local players ...