cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liquid payload roll moment induced by a spinning and coning projectile

Abstract : The linear theory for a coning and spinning liquid payload has been extended to the calculation of a quadratic roll moment. The resulting quadratic roll moment coefficient is shown to be exactly the negative of the linear side moment coefficient for constant amplitude coning motion. This relationship between side moment and roll moment has been observed for projectiles with moving solid components and has encouraging experimental support for liquid payloads.
Fully reflexive intensional type analysis

Compilers for polymorphic languages can use runtime type inspection to support advanced implementation techniques such as tagless garbage collection, polymorphic marshalling, and flattened data structures. Intensional type analysis is a type-theoretic framework for expressing and certifying such type-analyzing computations. Unfortunately, existing approaches to intensional analysis do not work well on types with universal, existential, or fixpoint quantifiers. This makes it impossible to code applications such as garbage collection, persistence, or marshalling which must be able to examine the type of any runtime value.We present a typed intermediate language that supports fully reflexive intensional type analysis. By fully reflexive, we mean that type-analyzing operations are applicable to the type of any runtime value in the language. In particular, we provide both type-level and term-level constructs for analyzing quantified types. Our system supports structural induction on quantified types yet type checking remains decidable. We show how to use reflexive type analysis to support type-safe marshalling and how to generate certified type-analyzing object code.
Attenuation of spontaneous, nocturnal growth hormone secretion in children with hypothyroidism and its correlation with plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentrations

To define further the alterations in growth hormone (GH) secretion that occur in childhood hypothyroidism, we quantified spontaneous nocturnal secretion in seven patients with primary hypothyroidism. We examined the relationship between plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and GH secretory profile in each patient before and during therapy with L-thyroxine. In contrast to the results of previous studies that used pharmacologic tests of GH release, spontaneous GH secretion was consistently attenuated in the hypothyroid state. Mean nocturnal GH levels were reduced by 58% (1.48 +/- 0.38 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) in comparison with values obtained during L-thyroxine therapy (3.54 +/- 0.71 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Coincident with the reduced levels of GH, plasma IGF-I concentrations were lower in patients before therapy (0.46 +/- 0.20 U/ml) compared with concentrations during therapy (1.50 +/- 0.34 U/ml, p less than 0.01). In treated, euthyroid patients, GH and IGF-I levels were equivalent to those of normal children. The excellent correlation (r = 0.77) between plasma IGF-I and mean nocturnal GH concentrations indicates that reduced plasma IGF-I levels in hypothyroidism probably result from suppressed GH secretion.
Spatial and temporal variation in recent growth, overall growth, and mortality of juvenile weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) in Delaware Bay

We examined relative abundance of juvenile weakfish,Cynoscion regalis, collected during 1986 and 1987 and tested for spatial differences in growth and survival within Delaware Bay. Juvenile weakfish recruit to all areas of Delaware Bay, and two cohorts were present during each year of the study. Although catch per unit effort (CPUE) varied among areas within the bay, there was a general trend of higher CPUE at lower salinities; abundance quickly declined near the end of September in all areas of the bay. Estimated growth rates from otolith increment analysis of juvenile weakfish ranged from 0.69 mm d−1 to 0.97 mm d−1. Spatial and temporal patterns in recent growth rate followed a general pattern: highest in the middle bay, lowest in the upper bay, and intermediate in the lower bay. Mortality rates were usually lowest in the low salinity region of the middle and upper bay during both years. There was no difference in mortality between cohorts in the middle bay, while in the upper bay the later-spawned fish had lower mortality and in the lower bay the early-spawned fish had lower mortality. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in growth and mortality suggests that there is a seasonal trade-off between habitat usage and resource availability for juvenile weakfish. The function of oligohaline and mesohaline waters as optimal nursery areas (in terms of growth and survival) changes due to the seasonally dynamic physicochemical characteristics in Delaware Bay.
Effect of polymer admixtures to cement on the bond strength and electrical contact resistivity between steel fiber and cement

The addition of methylcellulose (0.4% by weight of cement) or latex (20% by weight of cement) to cement paste gave similarly significant increases of the shear bond strength between stainless steel fiber and cement paste, in spite of the low concentration of methylcellulose compared to latex. The methylcellulose addition did not affect the contact electrical resistivity between fiber and cement, whereas the latex addition increased this resistivity. Hence, for low cost and low contact resistivity, methylcellulose is preferred to latex. For a given cement paste composition, the bond strength increased linearly with the contact resistivity.
Going Green Doesn't Have to be Sexy: Lakeland Community College's Practical Approach to Addressing Energy Conservation and Sustainability

Lakeland Community College is recognized for its energy conservation leadership in Ohio and nationally. The college's program will detail the practical, incremental approach taken in Lakeland's “Energy Journey.” Setting the standard statewide, that journey recently resulted in a sustainable, guaranteed reduction of energy use by 40%.
This is what happened to the oil price-macroeconomy relationship: Reply

Abstract James Hamilton argues that oil price changes are still important for the macroeconomy, and that using a filter which screens out drops and measures increases relative to a reference level wellrepresents the effects of price changes when they are ‘choppy’. While this measure outperforms the oil price transformations considered in my paper, much of its predictive power is coming from the pre-1986 (and pre-1973) part of the sample. With less than 10 years of choppy data, finding the best oil price transformation will likely require analysis with cross-sectional components. Ruling out effects from oil price decreases is also probably counterproductive to uncovering structure.
A computer program for calculating ventilation in tunnelling works based on an explicit method

The calculation of ventilation is probably not the most important issue within the overall project of a tunnel (although it may become a very serious one during the tunnel development works). Nevertheless, there is no simple method (according to the problem) that can accurately describe the physical phenomena. For this reason, a simple computer program has been developed, based on a explicit method, aiming to be a useful tool for quick problem solving. It enables the user to perform preliminary calculations for ventilation systems, and is easy to calibrate with in-situ measurements for enhanced accuracy.
THE SPECTRUM OF PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER OF SHALLOW‐BOTTOM BOUNDARY WATERS OF JAMAICA1

Samples of near-bottom shallow waters of Jamaica were analyzed for particulate matter by direct microscopy and for total particulate organic carbon (POC) by wet ashing. Aggregates comprise less than 5% of discrete particulate material and less than 0.5% of total POC. About 88% of POC is not accounted for by discrete particulate material. Parallel analyses of exhalant water samples from marine sponges indicate that about 35% of the missing POC is available to these filter feeders and is probably colloidal in nature.
Definitive radiation therapy for selected cancers of the rectum

During the last 15 years, over 400 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum have undergone a course of endocavitary irradiation for cure or palliation of Dukes' A and B disease. This treatment method makes use of an unconventional fractionation scheme, by which the tumour receives 10,000-12,000 cGy in approximately four fractions over a period of about 60 days. The treatments are separated by an interval of 2 or 3 weeks. This method of definitive irradiation allows suitable patients to avoid abdominoperineal resection and its drawbacks. Hospitalization is avoided and the patients maintain a normal daily life. Approximately 15-20 per cent of all rectal cancer patients may be expected to fulfil the criteria for selection, which are sufficiently strict that the local control (95 per cent) and 5-year survival rates (94 per cent) can exceed those of surgery for comparable disease.
Measuring consumer perception of product creativity: Impact on satisfaction and purchasability

In the current value-based economy, product creativity is a potential resource for organizations to compete, thus emphasizing the need for product creativity measurement. Two studies were performed to refine and validate a previously tested model and measurement of consumer perception of product creativity: one with web-based evaluations (N = 208) of chairs and lamps and one with paper-based evaluations (N = 105) of individually selected products. Results of exploratory factor analyses indicated three main product creativity factors: Affect, Importance, and Novelty, which explained 72% of the common variance. Results of stepwise regressions indicated that the Affect factor significantly predicts (65% of the explained variance) willingness to purchase creative consumer products. One major contribution of this research is the finding that affect is as equally (R2 = .28) important as novelty (R2 = .25) in consumer perception of product creativity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for the Affect, Importance, and Novelty product creativity factors, and general creativity guidelines are provided for consumer product design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apollonius and Maximus on the Order and Meaning of the Oblique Cases

SUMMARYApollonius Dyscolus' science of syntax examines the expression of meanings and is founded on the assumption that the system of meanings and expressions is well ordered. The order of the various expressions involving cases is based on the logic of what they express, and therefore the order of verbal predicates and of spatial relations must not be confused with the order of the case-forms in which they are expressed. Just such a confusion lies behind the passage in which Maximus Planudes is commonly thought to have originated a "localist" theory of case: a summary of the introduction to Apollonius' Syntax, in which the order of the cases received a passing mention, is embellished by Maximus with material adapted (by way of Heliodorus) from Apollonius' discussion of the order of spatial relations, each of which may be expressed by a certain case. Besides being unoriginal and misguided in its interpretation of Apollonius, the resulting exposition of Maximus is not even a "localist" theory of case-meaning, as has often been uncritically claimed.RESUMELa science de la syntaxe elaboree par Apollonius Dyscolus examine l'expression des significations et part de la presomption que le systeme des significations et expressions est bien ordonne. L'ordre des diverses expressions impliquant des cas se fonde sur la logique de ce qu'elles expriment; par consequent, l'ordre des predicats verbaux et des relations spatiales ne se confond pas necessairement avec l'ordre de formes casuelles ou s'expri-ment ces predicats et relations. C'est justement une telle confusion que re-vele le passage ou Maximus Planudes fonde, pense-t-on generalement, une theorie "localiste" du cas: a un resume de l'introduction a la Syntaxe d'Apollonius, ou l'ordre des cas est mentionne en passant, Maximus ajoute un "embellissement" en servant de materiaux qu'il adapte (par l'interme-diaire d'Heliodorus) a partir de la discussion d'Apollonius sur l'ordre des relations spatiales, chacune pouvant etre exprimee par un cas determine. Interpretation sans originalite, voire fourvoyante d'Apollonius, la presentation a laquelle aboutit Maximus n'est meme pas une theorie "localiste" de la signification des cas, au contraire de ce qu'on a souvent affirme sans exa-men critique.
The Efficacy of a Pilot Prevention Program for Children and Caregivers Coping with Economic Strain

Poverty and economic stress are risk factors for child psychopathology; however, primary and secondary control coping can buffer children against the negative effects of these risks. A 4-week (12 h) pilot prevention program aimed at enhancing coping skills and preventing symptoms of psychopathology among children growing up in poverty was evaluated using a multiple baseline design. Participants were 24 children (ages 8–12) and their primary caregivers. Attrition was low and parent-reports of program satisfaction were high. Children’s ability to generate positive coping thoughts and high quality solutions to problems improved from pre- to post-intervention. At the post-intervention measurement, parents’ and children’s involuntary engagement stress responses had declined and parents’ secondary control coping had increased. Children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms also decreased from pre- to post-intervention, according to parent-reports. Results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of the intervention.
Physiological mechanisms involved in religiosity/spirituality and health

During the last two decades of the 20th century, psychological science rediscovered religiosity/spirituality (R/S) as a legitimate subject matter in understanding the human experience. In large measure, this renewed interest was motivated by the positive association between this variable and health (physical and mental) reported in much of the literature. If the described relationship between R/S and health is accurate, the question of how such an influence might be realized becomes important and subject to empirical investigation. The present paper develops a rationale for why such an outcome might be expected and describes various physiological mechanisms that could mediate the effect of R/S on health.
Continuing studies of noise and cardiovascular function

Abstract Long term trends in heart rate were observed in a free-moving rhesus monkey. Initially, normal heart rate for the animal was defined over a span of 4 months. She was then exposed to a community noise recording 12 hours per day for 7 weeks. Pre- and post-exposure changes were noted in several aspects of cardiac function. During the exposure period, heart rate and proportion of aberrant EKG responses rose significantly above, then fell significantly below, baseline levels. Patterns of diurnal rhythm for early morning heart rate were also altered by noise exposure. These last results are consistent with those of an earlier study in which a restrained animal was subjected to similar stimulus conditions. The after effects of the single, prolonged noise exposure episode have dissipated gradually. During the course of a 4 month post-exposure period, heart rate and proportion of aberrant EKG responses have slowly returned to near baseline levels. Early morning diurnal rhythm for heart rate has not yet returned to its pre-exposure pattern.
Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type presenting as a palatal perforation and naso-oral fistula

Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKL), nasal type, a rare disease presenting with vague non-specific symptoms, can impose great diagnostic difficulties and may masquerade several infectious, rheumatological or neoplastic conditions. Here, the authors report a case of ENKL presenting as a palatal perforation, naso-oral fistula and fever in a 21-year-old man, which was initially misdiagnosed as bacterial osteomyelitis, invasive fungal infection and Wegener's granulomatosis. The case report underlines the possibility of ENKL occurring at a young age, its rapidly progressive and locally destructive nature, associated diagnostic challenges and the importance of immunophenotyping in establishing the diagnosis.
The complementary insulated-gate bipolar transistor (CIGBT)-a new power switching device

A new power switching device, the complementary insulated-gate bipolar transistor (CIGBT), is described. The device achieves very high switching speeds typical of DMOS transistors, while it maintains the low on-state resistance of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) on which it is based. The device incorporates a p-channel MOS transistor which acts to draw excess charge out of the base region of the IGBT as the device is turned off. Fabricated devices whose specific on-resistance is only 20% greater than that of equal-area IGBTs display turn-off times under 700 ns, while the IGBTs require 35 mu s to reach the off state. The device is compared to equal-area IGBTs, DMOS transistors, and IGBTs whose minority-carrier lifetime has been reduced to achieve 700-ns turn-off times. >
Atypical diabetes: clarifying the muddy waters

This article was written for the practising primary care clinician, who may occasionally take care of a patient with diabetes who doesn’t seem to fit into our typical diabetes classification paradigm. It is not a comprehensive review of the topic for the expert practising endocrinologist. LADA is
Can Latin America carry its international debt? A prospective analysis using the Wharton Latin American debt simulation model

Abstract The international debt of the LDCs has become a critical concern, perhaps currently the most critical one, from the perspective of debtor countries and creditors alike. Through the efforts of the IMF, the BIS, the central banks, and the large commercial banks, a crash may have averted for the time being, but the heavy burden of the debt remains, particularly in Latin America, where it is increasingly concentrated. Draconian remedial measures now threaten social and economic development throughout the continent. This article evaluates the perspective for Latin American debts and payments using a debt simulation model. Debt restructuring with the usual “IMF conditions” will impose serious economic shocks in Latin America. But even so, debt service ratios will remain high except under optimistic assumptions about growth in the industrial countries and about commodity prices. Only in case of a solid economic recovery in the United States, Europe and Japan can one be sanguine about Latin America's ability to work its way out from under the debt burden.
A locally conservative finite element framework for the simulation of coupled flow and reservoir geomechanics

In this paper, we present a computational framework for the simulation of coupled flow and reservoir geomechanics. The physical model is restricted to Biot’s theory of single-phase flow and linear poroelasticity, but is sufficiently general to be extended to multiphase flow problems and inelastic behavior. The distinctive technical aspects of our approach are: (1) the space discretization of the equations. The unknown variables are the pressure, the fluid velocity, and the rock displacements. We recognize that these variables are of very different nature, and need to be discretized differently. We propose a mixed finite element space discretization, which is stable, convergent, locally mass conservative, and employs a single computational grid. To ensure stability and robustness, we perform an implicit time integration of the fluid flow equations. (2) The strategies for the solution of the coupled system. We compare different solution strategies, including the fully coupled approach, the usual (conditionally stable) iteratively coupled approach, and a less common unconditionally stable sequential scheme. We show that the latter scheme corresponds to a modified block Jacobi method, which also enjoys improved convergence properties. This computational model has been implemented in an object-oriented reservoir simulator, whose modular design allows for further extensions and enhancements. We show several representative numerical simulations that illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Phosphorylation of the contact site A glycoprotein (gp80) of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Developmentally regulated cohesion of Dictyostelium discoideum can be blocked by the Fab fragment of antiserum prepared against a glycoprotein of about 80,000 daltons, gp80, purified from the membranes of developing amoebae. Immunoprecipitation of gp80 with this serum, from 32 P-labeled cell extracts of aggregating D. discoideum amoebae showed it to be a phosphoprotein. Serine phosphate was found in the molecule. All multiple isoelectric forms of gp80 were phosphorylated. Synthesis of the phosphorylated form of gp80 was found to be limited to the period of aggregation and coincided with the period of incorporation of [ 35 S]methionine into gp80. Phosphorylation could be rapidly inhibited by cycloheximide suggesting that phosphorylation occurs only on newly made gp80. No unphosphorylated gp80 could be detected in cell extracts.
Visual acuity in the rabbit.

Abstract Rabbits were trained to discriminate vertical and horizontal striations. By changing the width of the white and black bars, visual acuity was studied. Four animals were studied. In three of them the finest pattern that could be discriminated was that in which the bars were seen under a 20′ visual angle. The fourth animal was able to discriminate bars of 10′ visual angle.
The Humble and the Proud: The Comparative Study of Occupations*

(1970). The Humble and the Proud: The Comparative Study of Occupations. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 147-156.
Towards multi-speaker unsupervised speech pattern discovery

In this paper, we explore the use of a Gaussian posteriorgram based representation for unsupervised discovery of speech patterns. Compared with our previous work, the new approach provides significant improvement towards speaker independence. The framework consists of three main procedures: a Gaussian posteriorgram generation procedure which learns an unsupervised Gaussian mixture model and labels each speech frame with a Gaussian posteriorgram representation; a segmental dynamic time warping procedure which locates pairs of similar sequences of Gaussian posteriorgram vectors; and a graph clustering procedure which groups similar sequences into clusters. We demonstrate the viability of using the posteriorgram approach to handle many talkers by finding clusters of words in the TIMIT corpus.
1/N topological expansion for lattice QCD

Abstract A U ( N c ) gauge theory with a global U ( N f ) flavor symmetry is investigated in the limit both N c and N f large with the ratio ξ ≡ N f / N c fixed.
Evaluation of acoustic cavities for combustion stabilization.

The stabilizing influence of acoustic cavities (quarterwave acoustic resonators) on acoustic modes of combustion instability has been studied. The ability to analytically predict cavity damping was improved. Relatively good agreement between predicted damping and measured stability was demonstrated. Full-scale motor firings were made to evaluate the influence of several parameters on stability. Results from these firings showed that stability was changed, but not dramatically, by changes in the engine operating conditions. Variations in the film-coolant flowrate do not significantly affect cavity stabilization. The ability to stabilize an engine with unconventional cavity configurations was demonstrated.
Dynamic changes in gene expression that occur during the period of spontaneous functional regression in the rhesus macaque corpus luteum.

Luteolysis of the corpus luteum (CL) during nonfertile cycles involves a cessation of progesterone (P4) synthesis (functional regression) and subsequent structural remodeling. The molecular processes responsible for initiation of luteal regression in the primate CL are poorly defined. Therefore, a genomic approach was used to systematically identify differentially expressed genes in the rhesus macaque CL during spontaneous luteolysis. CL were collected before [d 10-11 after LH surge, mid-late (ML) stage] or during (d 14-16, late stage) functional regression. Based on P4 levels, late-stage CL were subdivided into functional-late (serum P4 > 1.5 ng/ml) and functionally regressed late (FRL) (serum P4 2-fold change; P < 0.05) that could be categorized into three primary patterns of expression: 1) increasing from ML through FRL; 2) decreasing from ML through FRL; and 3) increasing ML to functional late, followed by a decrease in FRL. Ontology analysis revealed potential mechanisms and pathways associated with functional and/or structural regression of the macaque CL. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate microarray expression patterns of 13 genes with the results being consistent between the two methodologies. Protein levels were found to parallel mRNA profiles in four of five differentially expressed genes analyzed by Western blot. Thus, this database will facilitate the identification of mechanisms involved in primate luteal regression.
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Negative Ions with Organometallic Complexes in the Gas Phase

Nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions involving metal compounds are among the most widely applied and extensively documented reactions in organometallic chemistry. From the familiar and time-honored Grignard syntheses(1) to the most recent methods for preparing organolanthanides(2) and organoactinides,(3) nucleophilic reactions are found in innumerable synthetic procedures for forming carbon-metal bonds.(4) Nucleophilic addition continues to be the method of choice for preparing anionic transition metal acyls, formyls, hydrides, η3-allyls, η5-cyclohexadienyl complexes, and other lowoxidation-state intermediates for both stoichiometric and catalytic metal-mediated organic synthesis.(5,6) Current efforts to activate CO, CO2, and other small molecules using catalytic cycles in homogeneous solution frequently employ nucleophilic addition strategies in conjunction with transition metal complexes as catalysts.(7,8) For example, the industrially important water-gas shift reaction has been shown to exhibit catalysis in aqueous alkaline solutions containing a wide variety of mono-and polynuclear metal carbonyls.(9–11) Furthermore, the Reppe reaction, the Wacker oxidation, and most homogeneous models for the Fischer-Tropsch process all involve nucleophilic attack on a metal-coordinated ligand during one or more of the key steps in the proposed mechanisms.(5,12–14)
Analytic queuing model for CICS capacity planning

In recent years there has been a growing need to develop techniques and tools for computer installation capacity planning. This paper presents both a tool, in the form of an analytic queuing model, and a methodology for performance analysis and capacity planning. Although general in its approach, the model was developed specifically for the CICS/VS environment.
The Perception of Procedures Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of a Brief Parent Report Measure of Procedural Distress

Reported the reliability and validity of the Perception of Procedures Questionnaire (PPQ), a 19-item parent-report measure developed to assess child and parent distress related to lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirates in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer. PPQ data from 140 mothers and 96 fathers of children and adolescents with leukemia in a first remission were analyzed separately. Factor analyses yielded five factors for mothers and fathers: Parent Satisfaction; Child Distress: During; Child Distress: Before; Parent Distress; and Parent Involvement. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was high for the total score and the five factor scores as were interrater reliabilities between mothers and fathers. Validity was determined using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Pediatric Oncology Quality of Life Scale, and parent and nurse ratings during procedures. Factors 2 and 3, assessing child distress, show strong associations with the validation measures and support the distinction between distress before and during procedures. This developing scale is recommended for use in the assessment and evaluation of child and parent procedure-related distress in pediatric oncology.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research programs on microbes for management of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Restrictions on the use of conventional nematicides have increased the need for new methods of managing plant-parasitic nematodes. Consequently, nematode-antagonistic microbes, and active compounds produced by such organisms, are being explored as potential additions to management practices. Programs in this area at the USDA Agricultural Research Service investigate applied biocontrol agents, naturally occurring beneficial soil microbes and natural compounds. Specific research topics include use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and cultural practices for management of root-knot and ring nematodes, determination of management strategies that enhance activity of naturally occurring Pasteuria species (bacterial obligate parasites of nematodes), studies on interactions between biocontrol bacteria and bacterial-feeding nematodes, and screening of microbes for compounds active against plant-parasitic nematodes. Some studies involve biocontrol agents that are active against nematodes and soil-borne plant-pathogenic fungi, or combinations of beneficial bacteria and fungi, to manage a spectrum of plant diseases or to increase efficacy over a broader range of environmental conditions. Effective methods or agents identified in the research programs are investigated as additions to existing management systems for plant-parasitic nematodes. Published in 2003 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endotoxin-induced suppression of the somatotropic axis is mediated by interleukin-1 beta and corticotropin-releasing factor in the juvenile rat

This study extends the neuroendocrine role of central interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) during the stress of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge to include inhibition of the somatotropic [GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-somatostatin (SRIF)-GH] axis in juvenile male rats and clarifies the role of CRF in the mediation of LPS/IL-1-induced changes in GHRH and SRIF neurosecretion. The results of the in vivo component of this study demonstrated that LPS treatment (2.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days) caused a significant attenuation of body weight gain for 2 days (2.4 +/- 1.7% vs. 10.3 +/- 1.8% BW/day in saline controls; P < 0.05) and failure of catch-up growth thereafter even though a small transient suppression of food intake returned to normal by the second of 4 days of treatment. Associated with the first day of growth attenuation was an acute suppression of all plasma GH parameters, including GH mass (area under the curve, 1.972 +/- 0.1837 vs. 6.402 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml.6 h for saline controls; P < 0.05), in animals...
Distribution of an Ankyrin-repeat Protein on the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

There are many ankyrin-repeat proteins in plant cells. However, the distribution and function of these proteins are mostly unclear. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, a gene encoding an ankyrin-like protein was cloned from Arabidopsis and named AtANK1 (GenBank accession no. NM_120340). The 6-His-tagged AtAnk1-N fusion protein was affinity-purified and its rabbit polyclonal antibody was obtained. Immuno-blotting with the purified anti-AtAnk1-N polyclonal antibody revealed that the relative molecular weight of the AtANK1 protein was about 76 kDa. By immunofluorescence labeling and immuno-gold labeling with the purified anti-AtAnk1-N polyclonal antibody, coupled with confocal and transmission electron microscopy observation, AtANK1 was found to be distributed on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in Arabidopsis cells. Based on these results, we suggested that AtANK1 might be involved in endoplasmic reticulum-related protein localization and sorting in plant cells.
Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1δ Is Hyperphosphorylated by the Protein Kinase Encoded by the UL13 Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus 1

The translation elongation factor 1delta (EF-1delta) consists of two forms, a hypophosphorylated form (apparent Mr, 38,000) and a hyperphosphorylated form (apparent Mr, 40,000). Earlier Y. Kawaguchi, R. Bruni, and B. Roizman (J. Virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997) reported that whereas mock-infected cells accumulate the hypophosphorylated form, the hyperphosphorylated form of EF-1delta accumulates in cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1. We now report that the accumulation of the hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta is due to phosphorylation by U(L)13 protein kinase based on the following observations. (i) The relative amounts of hypo- and hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta in Vero cells infected with mutant virus lacking the U(L)13 gene could not be differentiated from those of mock-infected cells. In contrast, the hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta was the predominant form in Vero cells infected with wild-type viruses, a recombinant virus in which the deleted U(L)13 sequences were restored, or with a virus lacking the U(S)3 gene, which also encodes a protein kinase. (ii) The absence of the hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta in cells infected with the U(L)13 deletion mutant was not due to failure of posttranslational modification of infected-cell protein 22 (ICP22)/U(S)1.5 or of interaction with ICP0, inasmuch as preferential accumulation of hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta was observed in cells infected with viruses from which the genes encoding ICP22/U(S)1.5 or ICP0 had been deleted. (iii) Both forms of EF-1delta were labeled by 32Pi in vivo, but the prevalence of the hyperphosphorylated EF-1delta was dependent on the presence of the U(L)13 protein. (iv) EF-1delta immunoprecipitated from uninfected Vero cells was phosphorylated by U(L)13 precipitated by the anti-U(L)13 antibody from lysates of wild-type virus-infected cells, but not by complexes formed by the interaction of the U(L)13 antibody with lysates of cells infected with a mutant lacking the U(L)13 gene. This is the first evidence that a viral protein kinase targets a cellular protein. Together with evidence that ICP0 also interacts with EF-1delta reported in the paper cited above, these data indicate that herpes simplex virus 1 has evolved a complex strategy for optimization of infected-cell protein synthesis.
Inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new trials and old practices.

The practice of using inhaled steroids (ICS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common but controversial. Four large randomized controlled trials provide an objective assessment of ...
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor augments survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Impaired remyelination due to degeneration of both postmitotic oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) is the major hallmark of inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) ...
Molecules and beyond: assessing the distinctness of the Great Lakes wolf

The dog family, Canidae, is a widely distributed group of species that have evolved and radiated relatively recently into 16 genera and 36 recognized species (Nowak 1999). Specific taxonomic designations for some canid taxa can be unclear due to frequent interspecific hybridization among species in both historical and contemporary times, and our imperfect molecular genetic approaches for determining among a series of hypotheses regarding hybridization and evolution. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Koblmuller et al. tackle the difficult topic of Great Lakes wolf taxonomy and present data that suggest this taxon is currently genetically distinct despite a long history of human persecution and hybridization with related taxa.
Effects of FK-506 on Contraction and Ca2+ Transients in Rat Cardiac Myocytes

FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) has been reported to be closely associated with the ryanodine receptor in skeletal and cardiac muscle and to modulate sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel gating in isolated channels. FK-506 can inhibit the activity of FKBP, thereby reversing its effects on SR Ca2+ release. We investigated the function of FKBP during normal contractions and Ca2+ transients in intact rat ventricular myocytes loaded with fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. FK-506 significantly increased steady state twitch Ca2+ transients and contraction amplitudes even under conditions in which the SR Ca2+ load and Ca2+ current were unaltered, suggesting that FK-506 increases the fraction of SR Ca2+ released during excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Action potentials were somewhat prolonged, consistent with the larger Ca2+ transients causing greater inward Na+-Ca2+ exchange current. FK-506 did not affect SR Ca2+ uptake but modestly decreased Ca2+ extrusion via Na+-Ca2+ exchange in intact cells (although no effect on Na+-Ca2+ exchange was seen in sarcolemmal vesicles). In most cells, FK-506 caused an increase in SR Ca2+ content during steady state stimulation, as assessed by caffeine-induced contractures. This was probably due to the inhibition of Ca2+ efflux via Na+-Ca2+ exchange. FK-506 also accelerated the rest decay of SR Ca2+ content and increased the frequency of resting Ca2+ sparks about fourfold. The increase in frequency of these basic Ca2+ release events was not associated with changes in the amplitude or duration of the Ca2+ sparks. We conclude that FK-506 increases the fraction of SR Ca2+ released during normal twitches and enhances the rate of SR Ca2+ release during rest. FK-506 also inhibits Na+-Ca2+ exchange, although this effect may be indirect. These effects are consistent with an important SR-stabilizing effect of FKBP in intact rat ventricular myocytes.
Jin Xing in the New China: Redefining the Mainstream

Among the five modern dance companies in China, Jin Xing's is perhaps the best known. In her choreography, Jin Xing suffuses a distinctly Western form with a unique Chinese perspective. But Jin Xing's fame arises not only from her choreography but from her sex-change operation, performed in Beijing in 1995. In this interview, Jin Xing explores all aspects of her work in a system where a decidedly unencouraging government keeps a close eye on public performances.
What Divides Us? The Image and Organization of Political Science

The question “What is political science?” is nearly as old as the discipline itself. Political science continually self-examines the discipline to evaluate who we are and how we have changed. In addition, there are numerous studies of groups within political science, including political science in the U.S. South and women in political science. There are also reviews of the development and state of subfields, e.g., urban politics , international relations, comparative politics, and political theory. Each of these histories provides an image of what political science is or what it should be. These self-reviews provide images of the discipline that shape our identities as political scientists and advance the progress of political science. Even if the images do not affect future directions in political science, they are “an important dimension of identity and critical reflection on the theory and practice of political science”. Developing and critiquing these images are important academic exercises.J. Tobin Grant is assistant professor, department of political science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. He is coauthor (with Thomas Rudolph) of Expression vs. Equality: The Politics of Campaign Finance Reform (Ohio State University Press, 2004).I thank Badredine Arfi, Gregory Kasza, Scott McClurg, Thomas Rudolph, Edward Schatz, and Herbert Weisberg for their comments and suggestions on this article.
An Avian Influenza Virus from Waterfowl in South America Contains Genes from North American Avian and Equine Lineages

Apart from an outbreak in commercial poultry in Chile in 2002, there have been few reports of avian influenza in South America. However, surveillance in free-flying birds has been limited. An avian influenza virus was isolated from a Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) in Bolivia in 2001 from samples collected for an avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus surveillance study. This isolate was determined to be an H7N3 virus by gene sequencing. Analysis of all eight genes revealed that five genes were most closely related to the H7N3 in Chile in 2002. Two genes were most closely related to North American wild aquatic bird virus lineages and one gene was most closely related to an equine influenza virus from South America.
Campaign Spending and Electoral Competition: Towards More Policy Relevant Research1

There is a long-standing scholarly literature on the electoral effects of campaign spending; nevertheless, the academic research offers only limited guidance for policy makers interested in campaign finance reform. In part, this is because existing studies have focused narrowly on some vexing statistical issues, while ignoring many others. But it is also because political scientists have not devoted enough effort conducting evaluation studies of how regulatory policies impact the intermediate goal of competition, let alone the ultimate policy goals of reduced corruption, increased citizen participation and improved public policy. Consequently, there is a great need for updated and improved analyses of the treatment effect of campaign spending on political competition in a variety of electoral contexts, but an even greater need for the application of modern evaluation methods to the more basic question of whether campaign finance reforms “work” as advertised.
Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene Acceptors with Alkyl, Aryl, Perfluoroalkyl, and Perfluorophenyl Pendants for Donor–Acceptor Low Bandgap Polymers

We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene acceptor blocks with octyl (T8), phenyl (TP), perfluorooctyl (TF8), and perfluorophenyl (TFP) side groups. Their subsequent copolymerization with dithienylbenzodithiophene by direct arylation polymerization afforded novel low bandgap poly(thienothiophene-alt-dithienylbenzodithiophene) (PTB) polymers. The strongly electron withdrawing TF8 and TFP groups were shown to significantly lower both EHOMO and ELUMO levels and gave computed copolymer ground-to-excited state dipole changes (Δμge) that were relatively higher than for the nonfluorinated analogues. These materials show favorably aligned energy levels relative to conventional fullerene-type acceptors, which should allow them to perform well in organic photovoltaics.
Migration and Trade: The Case of the Philippines

Can expanded exports of both goods and people accelerate economic development, and thus eventually reduce the desire to migrate for employ? ment? A conference in Manila on June 24, 1993 investigated the extent to which exports and emigrants can help the Philippines to achieve its goal of being a Newly Industrialized Country (NIC) by the year 2000. First wave NICs?Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan? made the transition from net emigration to net immigration areas during the 1980s. If the Philippines could join the ranks of the NICs soon after 2000, and also go through a migration transition, then Asia's major labor exporter?which today sends abroad about 600,000 workers annually? could join the NICs as a labor importer. Conference participants concluded that the Philippines finally has em? braced the marketand export-oriented policies that are necessary for the country to achieve its ambitious economic goals. These goals include an annual GNP growth rate of 10 percent or more (versus 1% in 1992); an average real per capita income of $1,200 (versus $740 in 1991); and no more than 30 percent of the population in poverty (versus 50% in 1992). However, there was no agreement on whether the exit of the equivalent of the country's annual work force growth and their $3 billion annual remittances would accelerate or slow the attainment of Philippine 2000 goals. Three themes were highlighted in the discussion. First, the Philippines has a history of being unable to achieve its economic goals, so there was perhaps understandable cynicism that the government will once again be unable to create the agribusiness jobs in rural areas and the labor-intensive manufacturing jobs in urban areas that it aims for in order to make rural-urban migration and emigration unnecessary. Second, even though
MASSIVE DIURESIS FOLLOWING RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION.

SummaryCharacterization of the diuresis experienced by a 19-year-old recipient of a renal homotransplant revealed certain features in common with the diuresis seen in experimental osmotic diuresis in normal subjects, and with the diuresis seen following relief of urinary tract obstruction and in other salt-wasting syndromes. The preponderant unreabsorbed solutes were sodium and chloride rather than urea. Since the salt wasting state did not persist, it may have been due to volume expansion and to an enhanced filtration rate, rather than to a tubular reabsorptive defect.
Joint registration of anatomical and functional images for quantitative multimodality imaging

537 Objectives Multimodality imaging systems producing pre-aligned CT or MR and SPECT or PET images are widely available. For a number of applications it is desirable to register images acquired in multiple imaging sessions. Conventional registration methods typically register the pair of images of the same type and apply the registration parameters to the image of the other type. However, neither image type provides consistently better information about all object features. Thus the objective was to develop and evaluate a registration strategy for aligning two sets of pre-registered images that simultaneously uses both images. Methods The proposed method incorporates the extra information from functional images by expressing the registration objective function as weighted sum of the similarity terms of both anatomical and functional images to be registered. The registration can be performed with or without count preservation in either image. The method was evaluated on simulated noise-free and noisy SPECT images using the XCAT phantom. To simulate nonrigid deformations, two sets of SPECT/CT images were simulated at different respiratory phases. In addition to the deformation introduced, a 25.0mm diameter hot sphere lesion was placed at different positions in the liver. With the aid of software Elastix, which is built on ITK, 3D deformable registration using a B-Spline transform and a mutual information similarity metric was used. And the multi-resolution strategy was used to facilitate registration. Results The results of joint registration for both noise-free and noisy data were qualitatively better than that of using either anatomical or functional image with appropriate weighting parameters. Conclusions We have developed an improved registration strategy to align two sets of pre-registered anatomical and functional images. The enhanced performance was qualitatively obvious with for appropriate weighting parameters for both noise-free and noisy simulations. Research Support NIH Grant U01-CA140204.
IN VITRO UPTAKE OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE BY ERYTHROCYTIC PERCURSORS FOLLOWING HEMORRHAGE IN THE DOG.

SummaryDogs were bled 40% of their blood volume (32 ml/kg). Thereafter, at intervals to 52 hours, the in vitro uptake of tritiated thymidine by erythrocytic precursors of the marrow did not differ from the controls as measured by percent labeling and grain counts in morphologically differentiated cells. Also, no alterations from control values were found with regard to morphological distribution, relative numbers of the marrow normoblasts, and mitotic index. The data suggest that the acute blood loss did not influence detectably the chosen parameters for the time intervals studied.