cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The National Resident Matching Program Code of Conduct: What Is the Perceived Degree of Compliance During the Urology Match Process?

Abstract Objective To assess the incidence of violations to the National Resident Matching Program Code of Conduct during the Urology Match. Materials and Methods We sent a survey to all 285 applicants to a single urologic program during 2017 Match cycle; the questions pertained to illegal interview questions, postinterview communication, second-look qualifications, and the applicant's perceived impact of these factors. Results At total of 166 responses were obtained (response rate 58%). Ninety-six (58%) applicants received follow-up communication from at least 1 program, the majority from multiple programs. Of those who received postinterview communication, 13% reported verbal communication, and 19% felt misled by communication to believe they had a higher chance of matching at a program. Fifty (30%) respondents did a second-look visit, and 44% reported feeling obligated to do so in order to match. Finally, 141 of 166 (85%) applicants reported being asked illegal questions regarding personal life, rank list, and/or other interviews. Female applicants reported being asked illegal questions significantly more frequently than male applicants (P Conclusion During the 2017 Urology Match, a high proportion of applicants experienced violations of the National Resident Matching Program Code of Conduct. Violations included illegal questions, postinterview written and verbal communication, and pressure to do second-look visits. These findings corroborate numerous anecdotal reports, and may provide the groundwork to improve the fairness of the residency application process for the future.
A large-scale and robust dynamic MRM study of colorectal cancer biomarkers.

Abstract Over the past 20 years, mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a dynamic tool for proteomics biomarker discovery. However, published MS biomarker candidates often do not translate to the clinic, failing during attempts at independent replication. The cause can be shortcomings in study design, sample quality, assay quantitation, and/or quality/process control. To address these shortcomings, we developed an MS workflow in accordance with Tier 2 measurement requirements for targeted peptides, defined by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) “fit-for-purpose” approach, using dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM), which measures specific peptide transitions during predefined retention time (RT) windows. We describe the development of a robust multipex dMRM assay measuring 641 proteotypic peptides from 392 colorectal cancer (CRC) related proteins, and the procedures to track and handle sample processing and instrument variation over a four-month study, during which the assay measured blood samples from 1045 patients with CRC symptoms. After data collection, transitions were filtered by signal quality metrics before entering receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results demonstrated CRC signal carried by 127 proteins in the symptomatic population. The workflow might be further developed to build Tier 1 assays for clinical tests identifying symptomatic individuals at elevated risk of CRC. Significance We developed a dMRM MS method with the rigor of a Tier 2 assay as defined by the CPTAC ‘fit for purpose approach’ [1]. Using quality and process control procedures, the assay was used to quantify 641 proteotypic peptides representing 392 CRC-related proteins in plasma from 1045 CRC-symptomatic patients. To our knowledge, this is the largest MRM method applied to the largest study to date. The results showed that 127 of the proteins carried univariate CRC signal in the symptomatic population. This large number of single biomarkers bodes well for future development of multivariate classifiers to distinguish CRC in the symptomatic population.
Design and Radiofluorination of Benzamide Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands

Remoxipride (Figure 1), a substituted benzamide analog of sulpiride, was developed as a potential antipsychotic agent on the assumption that the poor bioavailability of sulpiride was due to hydrolysis of the amide bond.1 In the rat, remoxipride was shown to be 10 times weaker than sulpiride in blocking dopamine D2 receptors in vitro, but in vivo was 50 times more potent.2 This observation led to the development of the 6-methoxysalicylamide series, of which raclopride is the best known member and eticlopride is the most potent.3
Use of a thermal and light refugium by Daphnia and its effects on foraging pumpkinseeds

The effects of thermal stratification and light gradients on the feeding behavior of pumpkinseeds, Lepomis gibbosus, were tested in vertical aquarium columns. Successful captures, unsuccessful captures and unsuccessful searches by foraging sunfish on Daphnia pulex were recorded. Clearance and feeding rates of the sunfish were lowest when prey densities remained high, indicating that the Daphnia were occupying an area that could not be searched by the sunfish. Thermal stratification limited the searching volume and prey availability of the sunfish, while creating a refuge for the Daphnia. Light intensities ≤ 4.2 × 10-3 W m-2 decreased the searching and capture abilities of the sunfish under isothermal conditions. Thermal stratification had more of an effect than the light gradients, creating a refuge for the Daphnia causing them to be unavailable and less vulnerable to predation by the sunfish.
Cancer Care Delivery Research: A Path to Improving the Quality of Oncologic Surgical Care.

The goal of cancer care delivery research (CCDR) is to inform sustainable practice changes that will provide better clinical outcomes and patient experience guided by patient values. CCDR encompasses salient concepts from other well-established research approaches and spans the continuum of research from hypothesis generation to effectiveness studies to policy development. CCDR incorporates pertinent attributes, such as saliency to stakeholders, inclusion of diverse participants, and implementation into real-world settings. This article provides examples of CCDR studies, focusing specifically on how CCDR can improve the quality of oncologic surgical care.
Differential Expression of Alpha3Beta1 and Alpha6Beta4 Integrin Molecules on Different Rat and Human Esophageal Cell Lines

2226 Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins comprised of α and β subunits. These adhesive receptors interact with extracellular matrix proteins and influence the cell survival and proliferation processes. The main objective of this study was to determine the differential expression of α3β1 and α6β4 integrin molecules on rat tumorigenic esophageal cell lines (RE-B2T) and nontumorigenic transformed cell lines (RE-79, RE-149 and RE- 282). Rat kidney, trachea and fibroblast cells served as controls. In addition, the expression of these molecules on human esophageal cancer cell lines, established from well-to-poorly differentiated human cancers, was investigated. The expression of these integrin molecules was determined at the protein antigen level by ELISA and Western blot using monoclonal antibodies; and at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. The expression of these integrin molecules was higher on non-tumorigenic transformed cell lines, than on the tumorigenic one on the rat cell lines. The expression of β1 integrin also appeared to be higher on nontumorigenic rat cell lines at mRNA level. Although differential expression of these integrin molecules on human lines was observed, correlation between the degree of differentiation and the integrin expression was not established. It appears that the expression of these two molecules is down-regulated in invasive cancer cells, which may contribute to the metastatic capability of these cancers in vivo.
PESA: Probabilistic Efficient Storage Algorithm for Time-Domain Spectrum Measurements

Wireless communication is an essential part of daily life for users globally with applications in medical devices, cellular phones, Internet of Things nodes, and others. Accordingly, there is a need to understand the patterns and properties of radio-frequency spectrum use by acquiring accurate spectrum utilization measurements. However, the massive storage volume needed to execute spectrum surveys—especially when a fast sampling rate is used—is an impeding factor in terms of cost and ease-of-access. In this paper, a probabilistic efficient storage algorithm (PESA) is proposed to facilitate high-accuracy, time-domain spectrum surveys conducted at a fast sample acquisition rate to detect sporadic spectrum occupancy patterns that could be in the order of microseconds. PESA divides the dynamic range of monitoring equipment into bins—each represented by one component of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Windows of activity and inactivity in the measurements are established by comparing with a threshold, and then indicators to the GMM component that best describes a window are recorded, hence reducing the required storage volume. Results demonstrate that ${\approx}99$ % reduction in the storage volume is achievable while maintaining an accurate estimation of channel utilization (CU) and activity/inactivity periods. Furthermore, a LabVIEW implementation of PESA on a hardware platform was executed and used to survey Wi-Fi channel 1 in a healthcare environment for seven consecutive hours. Although more than 25 billion samples were observed, the resulting data only occupied 96.28 MB.
Minimum wage impacts on Han-minority Workers’ wage distribution and inequality in urban china

Abstract This paper examines the distributional impacts of the minimum wage on the urban wages of Han-minority workers and the implications for urban inequality. County-level minimum wage data is combined with recent proprietary household survey data representative of China’s ethnically diverse areas. The identification strategy relies on an unconditional quantile regression framework that takes into account policy endogeneity using an instrument variable approach. The findings show that minimum wages lead to wage compression along the bottom and middle parts of the urban wage distribution. The minimum wage effects are larger for lower-skilled workers located in ethnic minority counties or that belong to an ethnic minority group. Counterfactual analysis further shows that minimum wages help to significantly reduce aggregate urban wage inequality: increasing minimum wages from a counterfactual benchmark to their observed levels, an average increase of 26%, reduces the Gini coefficient of wages by 10–12%.
Bioenergetic characterization of adipogenesis impaired by inflammation

Adipocytes have been fundamental in identifying basic cellular mechanisms associated with diabetes and obesity, but their bioenergetics has not been fully understood. We measured changes in oxygen ...
The Role of Social Support in the Association between Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Self-injury and Suicide: Findings from a Statewide Sample of High School Students

Extensive literature documents that adverse childhood experiences increase risk for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide behaviors among adolescents. However, few studies have examined patterns of co-occurring family based adversities, whether distinct patterns of adversity are differentially associated with NSSI and suicide behaviors, and if social support can offset the impact of adversity for these behaviors. This study used a statewide school-based sample that was 50.1% female, 71% non-Hispanic White, and evenly divided by grade (9th grade N = 39,682; 11th grade N = 33,966). Latent class analysis identified three mutually exclusive, homogeneous subgroups of co-occurring familial adversities; low or no family based adversity, parental dysfunction but low maltreatment, and parental dysfunction plus maltreatment. The relationships between membership in the identified subgroups and past year NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were assessed separately for 9th graders (average age = 14) and 11th graders (average age = 17). Although membership in the parent dysfunction plus maltreatment class was associated with the highest odds of NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt, membership in either class of familial adversity elevated risk for these behaviors compared to membership in the low or no adversity class. Whether the protective effects of perceived peer and teacher social support moderated these associations and varied across age groups was also explored. The findings suggest that peer and teacher social support can promote positive outcomes even for youth living in stressful family conditions and that the protective effects of social support increase as the number of sources of support expands.
Distribution of forest ownerships across the conterminous United States, 2017

This map depicts the spatial distribution of forested land by ownership type for the conterminous United States. The underlying data were collected between 2012 and 2017. It updates a map product depicting forest ownership in 2009 (Hewes et al. 2014) and follows the same methods, but adds a new category for Timber Investment Management Organization (TIMO)/Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) ownerships, which were previously included in the Corporate category. This map is intended to support national- and regional-scale planning and analyses and is not intended for use at the subregional or local scale. Map accuracy varies between ownership categories and regions, limiting its use for local or specific decision making.
An Adapted Process and Organ Procurement Perspective on Heart Retransplantation for a Healthy Heart's Third Life.

As organ procurement organizations nationwide see an increased opportunity to retransplant already transplanted hearts, we would like to share the overview and process of our 2 successful cases. He...
E-041 Use of reverse angle guide catheter with trans-radial approach in patients undergoing left middle meningeal artery embolization

Introduction Early evidence suggests that MMA (Middle Meningeal Artery) embolization for prevention of cSDH (chronic subdural hematoma) is safe and efficacious. A significant number of cSDH patients are elderly with higher likelihood of relatively difficult aortic arch anatomy. Trans-radial approach for intracranial embolization has been associated with lower access site complications, lower cost, and higher patient satisfaction. However, catheterizing the left MMA via trans-radial approach can be challenging and could be associated with higher risk of guide catheter herniation into the aortic arch. In this single center retrospective review, we compare the outcomes of trans-radial approach utilizing reverse angle guide catheter with trans-femoral approach. Method We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent left MMA embolization between 01/01/2020 - 03/01/2021 for cSDH. For all trans-radial approach cases, we used a 6 F 90 cm Envoy (Codman & Shurtleff, Inc., Rayham, MA) Simmons 2 shape guide catheter keeping its distal tip in the left common carotid artery. Also, in all trans-radial cases we used a 5F 125 cm Sofia (Microvention, Aliso Viejo, CA) intermediate catheter to mitigate any possibility of embolic material embolizing to the left internal carotid artery while pulling back the microcathter. All trans-femoral cases were performed using a 5F 90 cm Enovy angled tip Guide catheter or 5F 120 cm Penumbra Select (Penumbra, Alameda, CA) angled tip catheter. Variables including age, gender, access site complications, total fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, initial size of subdural at first follow up, midline shift size before embolization, and reduction in SDH size on initial follow up head CT. Results A total of 20 patients who underwent left MMA embolization with 7 trans-radial and 13 trans-femoral cases during the specified time period. There were no access site related complications in either group. Proceduralists were able to obtain adequate access in all cases without requiring to switch the route from trans-radial to trans-femoral or vice versa. There was no significant difference in mean patient age for trans-radial versus trans- femoral groups (72.7 years vs. 74.6 years, p=0.7). The mean fluoroscopy time for trans-radial vs trans-femoral approach of left MMA embolization was 24.75 vs 43.12 (P=0.012). The mean radiation dose of trans-radial vs trans-femoral was 14973.2 vs 22670.6 mcGym2 (P=0.072). Conclusion Use of 6F reverse angle guide catheter (Simmons 2 shape) may represent a relatively safe and proficient approach to embolizing left MMA with trans-radial approach in elderly patients with complex and tortuous aortic arch anatomy. Disclosures M. Fayad: None. S. Patel: None. A. Elmashad: None. J. Lima: None. M. Ollenschleger: None. C. Bruno: None. I. Kureshi: None. T. Mehta: None.
Epilog: The Effective Practice of School Consultation

In the 1970s, P.L. 94-142/IDEA wrote into law many of the remedies handed down in previous court cases regarding special education services. The major provisions of IDEA were to guarantee children: (a) the right to a free, appropriate public education; (b) assessment in all areas related to their suspected disability using nondiscriminatory practices; (c) long-term goals and short-term objectives specified in an individualized education program (IEP); (d) due process protections in all matters of identification, evaluation, and placement; (e) access to related services; and (f) education in the least restrictive environment.
Challenges and Solutions to Adaptive Computing and Seamless Mobility over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Recent years have witnessed the rapid evolution of commercially available mobile computing environments. This has given rise to the presence of several viable, but non-interoperable wireless networking technologies – each targeting a niche mobility environment and providing a distinct quality of service. The lack of a uniform set of standards, the heterogeneity in the quality of service, and the diversity in the networking approaches makes it difficult for a mobile computing environment to provide seamless mobility across different wireless networks. Besides, inter-network mobility will typically be accompanied by a change in the quality of service. The application and the environment need to collaboratively adapt their communication and data management strategies in order to gracefully react to the dynamic operating conditions. This paper presents the important challenges in building a mobile computing environment which provides seamless mobility and adaptive computing over commercially available wireless networks. It suggests possible solutions to the challenges, and describes an ongoing research effort to build such a mobile computing environment.
Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology to Organizational Behavior Management (OBM): Join the Family--Individual Differences Matter.

Abstract In this comment on Geller (2002) and S. Roberts (2002), we first outline the content domain of the field of I/O Psychology, hopefully dispelling some myths that OBMresearchers and practitioners have about our field. Second, we turn our attention to the dependent variable in organizational research (i.e., the criterion; the target of interventions). We distinguish among several dependent variables such as individual behaviors, individual job performance, and organizational performance. We discuss and describe empirical research on the explanatory value of person- and organization-based variables. A large body of research in I/O Psychology has documented the relevance and importance of person-based constructs such as cognitive ability, integrity, and conscientiousness for work performance and outcomes. The field of OBMcan enhance research and practice by incorporating person-based variables to its models, joining the larger family of I/O psychologists studying behavior in the workplace.
Film Review: The Look of Silence

This Film Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Tampa Library at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. Recommended Citation Rafter, Nicole (2015) "Film Review: The Look of Silence," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 9: Iss. 2: 135-137. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.9.2.1357
SELECTED GRAPHS OF WORLDWIDE, CLOUDLESS SOLAR RADIATION INCIDENT ON ALL SLOPES

The amounts of global solar radiation (Q + q) incident on all slope inclinations and latitudes have been computed for both summer and winter. These calculations include the hour-by-hour amounts, as well as the daily sums of clear-day shortwave radiation on southern, western, and northern slopes. Some of the results are presented in graphical, three-dimensional form in order to gain an improved worldwide perspective of the varied responses of impinging Q + q as a complex function of different latitudes, slope angles and directions, and solar azimuths and altitudes under changing seasonal regimes.
Poison frogs as a model system for studying the neurobiology of parental care

Parental care is essential for the survival and well-being of offspring in many species. Understanding the mechanisms underlying parental involvement can lend insight into general and conserved principles governing the neural basis of a major life history stage, parenthood. While many animal models of parental behavior display maternal care, studying male involvement is challenging. Male parents are usually involved in a strong relationship with their partner, and this makes separating reproductive and parental mechanisms difficult. This separation is possible in poison frogs, where different species provide biparental care and male or female uniparental care without pair bonding. Poison frogs provide a great comparative framework to study parental care within a relatively simple neural architecture easily amenable in the field and laboratory.
Phase Behavior and Photoresponse of Azobenzene-Containing Polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers

It is well-known that polystyrene-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PnBMA) block copolymers (BCPs) exhibit an hourglass-shaped phase diagram, resulting from the simultaneous appearance of an u...
Radio frequency interference due to USB3 connector radiation

USB3 devices use 5-Gbps signalling and the data spectrum can generate broadband noise in the 2.4-GHz ISM band. The noise can radiate from the USB3 connectors or cables and cause radio frequency interference (RFI) to a wireless receiver whose antenna is placed near a USB3 device. In this paper the root-cause for the radiation from USB3 receptacle connectors is presented. Simulation and measurement data are shown on an improved connector design that can reduce the amount of noise radiated.
Patch clamp recordings from mouse retinal neurons in a dark-adapted slice preparation.

Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of intracellular events that lead to closure of cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels in the cell membrane. The resulting change in membrane potential leads in turn to reductions in the amount of neurotransmitter release from both rod and cone synaptic terminals. To measure how the light-evoked change in photoreceptor membrane potential leads to downstream activity in the retina, scientists have made electrophysiological recordings from retinal slice preparations for decades1,2. In the past these slices have been cut manually with a razor blade on retinal tissue that is attached to filter paper; in recent years another method of slicing has been developed whereby retinal tissue is embedded in low gelling temperature agar and sliced in cool solution with a vibrating microtome3,4. This preparation produces retinal slices with less surface damage and very robust light-evoked responses. Here we document how this procedure can be done under infrared light to avoid bleaching the visual pigment.
In Situ Calorimetry at Metal−Electrode Liquid Electrolyte Interfaces As Monitored by Probe Beam Deflection Techniques

A probe beam deflection method that allows for the heat generated or absorbed during an interfacial proces to be determined in situ is herein described. These optical measurements are performed using a collimate laser beam propagating parallel to the interface through the back of a flat, optically transparent ZnSe crystal that supports a very thin film of a metal electrode in contact with the electrolyte solution. Analysis a experimental data collected for a Au electrode in sulfuric acid aqueous solutions using numerical simulation were found to be consistent with the release of ~375 kJ/mol upon formation of a monolayer of Au oxide This value is very similar to the value observed using the same methodology for the reduction of the A oxide layer under otherwise the same experimental conditions.
Sustainability and Technical Progress

A rigorous model connects together the following three basic concepts: (1) “sustainability”— meaning the generalized future power of an economy to consume over time; (2) “Green NNP”— meaning a current measure of national income that subtracts off from GNP not just depreciation of capital but also, more generally, depletion of environmental assets evaluated at current efficiency prices; (3) “technological progress”— meaning a projection onto the future of the so-called “Solow residual”. A simple general formula is derived. Some crude calculations suggest a possibly strong effect of the residual, which hints that our best present estimates of long-term sustainability may be largely driven by predictions of future technological progress.
Role of Lipoxygenase Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid in Enhanced Pulmonary Artery Contractions of Female Rabbits

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance. In women the incidence is 4-fold greater than that in men. Studies suggest that sustained vasoconstriction is a factor in increased vascular resistance. Possible vasoconstrictor mediators include arachidonic acid-derived lipoxygenase (LO) metabolites. Our studies in rabbits showed enhanced endothelium-dependent contractions to arachidonic acid in pulmonary arteries from females compared with males. Because treatment with a nonspecific LO inhibitor reduced contractions in females but not males, the present study identified which LO isoform contributes to sex-specific pulmonary artery vasoconstriction. The 15- and 5- but not 12-LO protein expressions were greater in females. Basal and A23187-stimulated release of 15-, 5-, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from females and males were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Only 15-HETE synthesis was greater in females compared with males under both basal and stimulated conditions. Vascular contractions to 15-HETE were enhanced in females compared with males (maximal contraction: 44±6%versus 25±3%). The specific 15-LO inhibitor PD146176 (12 μmol/L) decreased arachidonic acid-induced contractions in females (maximal contraction: 93±4% versus 57±10%). If male pulmonary arteries were incubated with estrogen (1 μmol/L, 18 hours), protein expression of 15-LO and 15-HETE production increased. Mechanisms to explain the increased incidence of pulmonary hypertension in women are not known. Results suggest that the 15-LO pathway is different between females and males and is regulated by estrogen. Understanding this novel sex-specific mechanism may provide insight into the increased incidence of pulmonary hypertension in females.
The drunken driver: A psychosocial study

Abstract A self-administered questionnaire was used to compare selected psychosocial variables of 306 convicted male drunk drivers with those of 294 alcoholics and 253 controls. The drunk driver group fell between the other groups on many parameters but resembled the alcoholic group on many others. While over 68% of the drunk drivers appeared to be alcoholics, in general they showed significantly less psychosocial incapacity than the alcoholic comparison group. The differences between the alcoholic and presumed non-alcoholic drunk drivers were not sufficient to clearly dichotomize the drunk driver group.
Constructal thermal optimization of an electromagnet

Abstract This paper addresses the fundamental problem of optimizing the geometry of an electromagnet by maximizing at the same time its magnetic performance and thermal performance. The solenoid has a cylindrical shape and a uniform current density. Cooling discs made of high thermal conductivity material are inserted in the coil to collect the heat generated by Joule heating. The collected heat is evacuated to the ambient. For a given magnetic performance and volume, the maximum temperature inside the electromagnet is minimized by selecting the shape of the coil (length and outer radius), the number of cooling discs, and the amount of high thermal conductivity material. The two objectives pursued in this geometric optimization (magnetic and thermal) show that the constructal design method can be extended to the generation of architecture for multi-objective systems.
Equivalent Electrostatic Circuits for Vacuum Tubes

A method of field analysis by conformal transformation is used to demonstrate that the electrostatic properties of a triode may be represented by three capacitances in star, whose magnitudes are related to tube geometry in simple fashion. The method is then extended to the construction of an equivalent electrostatic circuit for multigrid tubes. It is shown how there can be derived from the electrostatic circuit (a) good approximations to the potential distribution in various parts of the tube and around these first approximations more accurate determinations of the local potential distribution; (b) a simple and rational expression of the dependence of cathode-current flow upon the various electrode potentials, for both parallel-plane and cylindrical geometry; (c) the ordinary interelectrode capacitances, as far as these are affected by the structure of the active portions of the electrodes. The application of this general method to structures having non-regular geometry and to other problems of current and potential distribution is discussed.
Meta Modeling Techniques and Optimal Design of Experiments for Transient Inverse Modeling Applications

The use of model-based simulation in engineering often necessitates the need to estimate model parameters based on physical experiments or field data. This class of problems is referred to as inverse problems in the literature and two significant challenges based on the application of inverse modeling technology to practical engineering problems are (a) computational cost of the inverse solution for complex transient simulation models that needed a long time to execute (b) ability of the instrumentation to shed light on the model parameters being estimated. This paper develops a methodology for the use of transient meta-modeling techniques for data matching applications to address the computational efficiency. The transient meta-models are constructed using the SVD/PCA approach to identify the key transient signature patterns from a dimension reduction perspective. Accuracy of the inverse modeling method with the direct simulation model and the meta-model are compared. The paper concludes with a methodology to optimally design an experiment and collect data to improve the nature of the inverse problem and the confidence with which the model parameters are estimated.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Design and performance of hybrid FSO/RF architecture for next-generation broadband wireless access networks

This paper proposes a novel Ethernet-based wired/wireless broadband access networking architecture that utilizes the existing wired trunk feeder fiber of typical PON infrastructure along with a hybrid FSO/RF reliable wireless connectivity to the end-users. By combining the benefits of both FSO and RF technologies, the proposed integrated networking solution can provide a downstream bandwidth of up to 2.5 Gbps per wavelength and 99.999% availability at a range of 1 km in all weather conditions [2]. All the previous work on hybrid FSO/RF was based on point to point, our proposed architecture is unique in the sense of providing point to multipoint access to end users and bringing all wired/wireless network in to single network, which is transparent to the users.
Accelerated fracture due to tritium and helium in 21-6-9 stainless steel

The effects of internal tritium and helium on the room-temperature tensile properties of a nitrogen-strengthened stainless steel, forged 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn (NITRONIC 40), were investigated by thermally charging tritium into tensile specimens and aging for selected times. The precipitation of helium as bubbles on dislocations greatly increased the yield strength, and as a consequence of dislocation pinning, the deformation mode changed from long-range dislocation motion to deformation twinning. The tensile specimens exhibited a 90 pct decrease in tensile ductility at 1438 appm 3 He, accompanied by a severe change in fracture mode from ductile rupture to a dominantly intergranular fracture mode. Grain-boundary facets showed multiple striations where deformation twins had intersected the boundaries. Twinning began immediately upon yielding, and at small strains, the microstructure evolved into a fully hardened state, normally observed at 40 pct or greater strain in unexposed or hydrogen-charged 21-6-9. Fracture occurs at low strains in tritium-charged and aged 21-6-9, in part, because helium bubble precipitation causes the deformed microstructure to evolve to a heavily deformation-twinned state at a lower strain. Helium bubble precipitation on the grain boundaries may have caused a further loss in ductility. Fracture appeared to nucleate at the intersection of deformation twins with the grain boundary.
Identification of Simultaneous U(VI) Sorption Complexes and U(IV) Nanoprecipitates on the Magnetite (111) Surface

Sequestration of uranium (U) by magnetite is a potentially important sink for U in natural and contaminated environments. However, molecular-scale controls that favor U(VI) uptake including both adsorption of U(VI) and reduction to U(IV) by magnetite remain poorly understood, in particular, the role of U(VI)–CO3–Ca complexes in inhibiting U(VI) reduction. To investigate U uptake pathways on magnetite as a function of U(VI) aqueous speciation, we performed batch sorption experiments on (111) surfaces of natural single crystals under a range of solution conditions (pH 5 and 10; 0.1 mM U(VI); 1 mM NaNO3; and with or without 0.5 mM CO3 and 0.1 mM Ca) and characterized surface-associated U using grazing incidence extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (GI-EXAFS), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the absence of both carbonate ([CO3]T, denoted here as CO3) and calcium (Ca), or in the presence of CO3 only, coexisting adsorption of U(VI) surfac...
Glycoprotein metabolism: A UDP-galactose: Glycoprotein galactosyltransferase of rat serum

Rat serum was found to contain an enzymatic activity capable of catalyzing the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to ovalbumin, a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate complement does not include galactose. Other proteins examined could not serve as galactose acceptors, nor would ovalbumin accept the glycosyl groups of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or GDP-mannose. The enzyme displayed an absolute requirement for Mn++, which could not be replaced by Mg++ or Ca++. The pH optimum for the galactosyltransferase is approximately 6 in Trismaleate buffer. The Km for UDP-galactose is 2.95 × 10−5 M. The activity is present in soluble form, and is stable to storage at −20° for 3 weeks. Acid hydrolysis releases all of the radioactivity of the labeled product as 14C-galactose. Mild alkaline hydrolysis releases less than 4% of the incorporated radioactivity, demonstrating that galactose is not attached to serine or threonine residues via O-glycosidic linkages.
Values in design

Focusing on socio-technical design with values as a critical component in the design process.
Information Theory in Practice

As the US moves from a production‐oriented to a technology‐oriented economic base, information itself has begun to acquire the characteristics of a basic resource, much like oil or labour. Recognition of this transformation, especially its implications for managerial decision‐making, is critical for effective economic and management decisions.
Comparison of ATPase activities and heavy chains of rabbit atrial and thyrotoxic ventricular myosin subfragment-1.

Subfragment-1 of rabbit atrial and thyrotoxic ventricular myosin (V1 isomyosin) has been prepared and purified by DEAF-cellulose column chromatography. Pyrophosphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns and column chromatographic profile of the atrial subfragment differ from those of thyrotoxic ventricular myosin subfragment-1. On the other hand, Ca2+, Mg2+ and actin-activated ATPase activities of these subfragments are identical. Comparison of the peptide mapping by limited proteolysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate of the heavy and the light subunits of these subfragments reveals that the patterns for the heavy chain peptides of these subfragments are substantially similar but their light chain peptide patterns differ. The results suggest that the enzymatic and structural similarities that have been recognized between these isoenzymes using intact myosin hold true for the myosin subfragment-1. The differences between these subfragments are due to the differences in the light chains associated with them.
Ultrafast Framing Of X-Ray Images

The interaction of pulsed, high-intensity (I>1014 W/cm2) laser light with a solid target typically produces a dense plasma that radiates significantly in the soft x-ray region of 0.1-10 keV.1 Important information concerning the dynamics of the laser-produced plasmas can be obtained through time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy of the x-ray emission. In particular, high-resolution x-ray imaging provides a direct means of studying the evolution of temperature and density profiles of the plasma, as well as the hydrodynamics which govern its expansion. Since the expansion velocities can be in excess of 107 cm/s, the frame duration of the time-resolved image must be less than 100 ps to avoid significant blurring. In addition, the laser-produced plasmas are usually small and have large density gradients, particularly at early times. Consequently, it is desirable that the imaging system be able to resolve structure on a spatial scale of 1-10 μm. In this paper we describe the development of a high resolution x-ray framing cameral (XFC) to be used to image the soft x-ray emission from laser-produced plasmas on a picosecond timescale. The XFC generates a single frame with 50 ps temporal resolution 22 pm spatial resolution at the image plane and real time readout. The camera is optically triggered, resulting in jitter-free synchronization of the frame time with the laser experiment, making it possible to integrate multiple shots with no loss of temporal resolution. One of the first applications of the XFC will be to image the dynamic implosion of micro-balloon fuel pellets for laser fusion using the Nova 10-beam laser system.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Intracranial Self-Stimulation and the Rapid Decline of Frustrative Nonreward

Animals deprived of reward for a task previously rewarded behave differently, depending on whether the reward is food or positive brain stimulation. Unlike the relatively stable frustration effects obtained with conventional reward, frustration produced by withholding brain stimulation dissipates rapidly with time.
A Process- and Policy-Aware Cross Enterprise Collaboration Framework for Multisourced Services

The increasing demand for business agility mandates enterprises to collaborate on many frontlines to stay competitive and achieve high business performance. This has given rise to the issue of Cross Enterprise Collaboration (CEC), which refers to the collaboration of two or more enterprises in achieving common goals. CEC is facing major people, process and technological challenges today. IT setup in today's enterprises makes them walled gardens, for good reasons, however, it is a prohibitor of successful collaboration among companies, their people and processes towards achieving higher performance. In this paper, we propose a framework that facilitates the understanding of major CEC challenges. Facilitating CEC requires supporting process-level collaboration, and protection of shared IP and data with various enterprise-level and regulatory policies. The framework incorporates a process-based collaboration system for conversation-oriented, flexible and policy-aware process collaboration among people from different enterprises. We focus on the scenario of the collaboration of providers in multi-sourced IT services to exemplify the problem and the proposed solution.
Discussion: Fuzzy Thinking

I am in complete agreement with the arguments presented in "A Probabilistic and Statistical View of Fuzzy Methods" (henceforth PSFM). In particular, PSFM states: "we have found ... no solutions using FST [fuzzy set theory] that could not have been achieved at least as effectively using probability and statistics" (p. 260). The same conclusion was also previously put forward by me (Cheeseman 1986, 1988) and others. The failure of the FST community to provide a single sustainable instance of the alleged superiority of FST over probability, despite many attempts, is further evidence of this negative conclusion. The authors of PSFM are to be congratulated for providing detailed examples of how to do with probability what is claimed to be only possible using FST. I fear, however, that no amount of demonstrations of this kind will convince the FST community that FST is not a theoretical advance. My own experience has been that demonstrations of the probabilistic solution to instances supposedly only solvable by FST methods just brings forth more examples-the larger pattern is missed. The following comments are a clarification of some of the points in PSFM.
Long-Term Evaluation of Orthotopically Implanted Stentless Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves in Juvenile Sheep

The aim of this study was to develop a technically feasible and reproducible model for chronic evaluation of stentless bioprosthetic aortic valves implanted orthotopically using juvenile domestic sheep. This report summarizes the results of a study conducted to assess orthotopically placed 19-mm stentless aortic bioprosthetic valves. Twenty-seven juvenile sheep underwent aortic valve replacement. Standard cardiopulmonary bypass techniques were followed. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 73 min. No chronic anticoagulation was used. There were two deaths (7%) due to surgical complications. In the remaining 25 experiments, 11 animals (41%) died prior to the scheduled sacrifice on postoperative day 150. One early death occurred due to coccidiomycosis infection, one due to technical error, one due to pulmonary embolus, four due to prosthetic annular size disproportion, and four due to thrombi. The remaining 14 animals (52%) underwent left and right heart catheterization, angiography, echocardiography, and sacrifice after postoperative day 150. The average weight of the sheep at elective sacrifice was 60 kg (mean weight gain 12.5 kg). The average cardiac output for the sacrificed animals was 5.1 L/min. The mean velocity of blood across the aortic valve for the sacrificed animals was 317 cm/s and the mean pressure gradient was 26.2 mm Hg. Two features suggest that this model may have broad application. First, we have demonstrated that it is technically feasible to evaluate orthotopically placed stentless bioprosthetic aortic valves in growing sheep. Second, the aortic root size of the juvenile sheep allows for implantation and evaluation of a human size aortic valve (19 mm). We believe that this model is reproducible and can be used to study stentless valve designs.
Acute confusional states in elderly cancer patients.

R ECENT nursing literature’ has identified acute confusional states (ACS) in the elderly to be an anticipated event for many older persons during hospitalization.“3 The exact incidence of ACS in the elderly during hospitalization is unknown; however, it has been estimated that approximately 30% to 50% of elderly medicalsurgical patients will experience an ACS.1’4 Richeime? notes that the diagnosis of delirium is made by consulting psychiatrists in 10% to 13% of elderly medical-surgical patients. Furthermore, he believes the prevalence may be as high as 80% in some subpopulations. Chisholm et al3 studied the prevalence of acute confusion in hospitalized elderly patients and found the average onset to be 6% days after admission. It is known that the risk of developing cancer increases with age. While the incidence of cancer at age 25 is less than one in six hundred, by age 70 the incidence rises to approximately one in ten.6 A hospital admission may well be anticipated for the diagnosis, treatment, and/or management of cancer in the elderly patient. Lamont et al7 report that the use of acute-care hospitals by the elderly continues to increase in the United States. The average length of stay for the person who is 75 or older is 14 days as compared with nine days for all persons.’ Not only is length of stay increased, but a higher mortality rate has been associated with longer hospital stays. ’ Since an ACS may be an expected event for elderly cancer patients, nurses caring for these patients must be cognizant of the multiple etiologies and symptoms of ACS and, hence, appropriate nursing interventions for their care.’ From clinical observations, the higher prevalence of impaired mental status distinguishes the elderly cancer patient from other patients with cancer. Acute confusion, apart from the psychosocial distress of coping with cancer, is the focus of this article since, in most cases, there are no agespecific differences in an older person’s emotional
Creation versus evolution: no middle way

What is it about society in the United States that led to such complete polarization between the creationists and evolutionists?
Largest hypersphere of stability for polynomials with perturbed coefficients

Introduction T HIS study is a continuation of an earlier study in which a method for finding the radius of the largest hypersphere of stability for a nominally stable system in the parameter space was introduced. Closed-form solutions to find such a radius for a second-order system were reported. In this Note we intend to apply the same method used in Ref. 1, i.e., the Lagrange multiplier approach, to Hurwitz polynomials under coefficient perturbations to obtain closed-form solutions for thirdand fourth-order polynomials. Consider the characteristic equation of a nominally stable linear system
Calcium supplementation in mild preeclampsia remote from term: A randomized double-blind clinical trial

Objective To determine whether calcium supplementation prevents progression to severe disease in preterm nulliparous women with mild preeclampsia. Methods Seventy-five women hospitalized at 24–36 weeks' gestation because of mild preeclampsia were randomized to receive either 2 g/day of elemental calcium (36 women) or placebo (39). Both groups had similar demographic characteristics, initial blood pressure measurements, and amount of proteinuria. Diagnostic criteria and clinical management for severe preeclampsia were applied consistently. Results Eighteen of 36 calcium-treated subjects (50%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 33–67) developed severe preeclampsia, compared with 19 of 39 (48.7%, 95% CI 32–65) in the placebo group (relative risk 1.03, 95% CI 0.64–1.03; P = 1.00). Blood pressure values, gestational age at delivery, newborn weights, incidence of low Apgar scores, and umbilical arterial blood gases were similar for the two groups. Conclusion Calcium supplementation does not prevent severe preeclampsia in preterm patients with mild disease.