cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disability and Biotechnology

Introduction Disability and Genetic Technology The Question About Disability Relevant Genetic Technologies Reducing Inherited Disability: Genetic Testing Are there Unique Benefits and Harms? Reductionism and the Genetic Identification of Disability Predicting Disability Disclosing the Results of Tests for Disability Genetic Testing as Negative Eugenics Compensating for Inherited Disability: Genetic Engineering Gene Transfer as Positive Eugenics Prohibiting Germ-Line Alteration of People with Disabilities Pursuing Species-Typicality through Genetic Transformation Compensation, Enhancement, and Functional Diversity Keywords: biotechnology
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the jaw bones: clinicopathologic study of 19 cases.

BACKGROUND Patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in general have a 5-year survival rate ranging from 42-54.6% and a 10-year survival rate of 28%. Nineteen cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the jaw bones were reviewed to study their clinicopathologic features and to compare their clinical behavior with that of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of other locations. METHODS The patients were 10 males and 9 females (age range, 2-51 years). Sixteen patients were age < 30 years, and the average age at presentation was 19 years. Eleven tumors involved the mandible and eight involved the maxilla. RESULTS Histologically, the classic picture of a bimorphic tumor, composed of islands of well differentiated hyaline cartilage juxtaposed to a small cell undifferentiated malignancy, was present in every case. Resection, including hemimandibulectomy and hemimaxillectomy, was the main treatment in 16 patients. Seven patients had local recurrence, and five patients developed distant metastases. Six patients died of disease, and the 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 82% and 56%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the jaw bones appears to have a more indolent course than mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of other anatomic locations. Cancer 1998;82:2350-2355. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
The particle and photon spectrum of an optically thick relativistic wind

Compact astrophysical sources of energetic particles and photons are somewhat optically thick to particle‐particle, particle‐photon and photon‐photon interactions. These interactions include pair production and annihilation. Compton and inverse Compton scattering, and electron‐electron collisions (including bremsstrahlung). We present preliminary results from a calculation in which we evaluate the modulation of an initial source spectrum by these processes in an expanding relativistic electron‐photon wind.
Ethics and Values in Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Ethics and Values in Industrial-Organizational Psychology was one of the first books to integrate work from moral philosophy, moral psychology, I-O psychology, and political and social economy, as well as business. It incorporates these perspectives into a "framework for taking moral action" and presents a practical model for ethical decision making. The second edition has added a chapter on Virtue Theory, including its application in I-O, Organizational behavior (OB) and business; expands Moral Psychology to two chapters, with more attention to moral emotions, effects of the "dark side" of personality, and the intuitionist model of moral judgment; expands the sections on social and economic justice; and expands the treatment of the Responsible Conduct of Research with a new chapter on Research Integrity. Examples from I-O research and practice, as well as current business events, are offered throughout. It is ideal for ethics and I-O courses at the graduate level.
Out of Bounds

Writing reliable code means understanding bounds. Only a finite amount of memory is available for computation, only a finite amount of time exists to do it, and every object we store and modify must be finite. Resources are similarly bounded. Stacks are bounded, queues are bounded, file system capacity is bounded, and even numbers are bounded. This makes the world of computer science very different from the world of mathematics, but too few people take this into account when they write code.
Drinking to Cope Motivation as a Prospective Predictor of Negative Affect

Objective:Consistent with research indicating that drinking to cope (DTC) motivation might exacerbate negative affective states within or immediately proximal to discrete drinking episodes, we examined whether yearly deviations in more global levels of DTC motivation prospectively predicted depressive and anxious affect over several weeks.Method:College students (N = 521, 52% women) completed baseline measures of drinking motives, recent depression and anxiety symptoms, recent alcohol use, and alcohol use disorder symptoms on a secure website. Approximately 2 weeks after completing this survey, participants completed the 30-day daily diary portion of the study in which they reported on their current-day affective states. This yearly assessment burst in which participants completed a baseline survey and a daily diary assessment was repeated for 3 additional years.Results:We found that changes in DTC motivation were positively associated with changes in depressive and anxious affect in the subsequent month,...
2-(Fluorophenyl)pyridines by the Suzuki–Miyaura method: Ag2O accelerates coupling over undesired ipso substitution (SNAr) of fluorine

Abstract Problematic ipso substitution was observed in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of pentafluorophenylboronic acid to make 2-pentafluorophenylpyridine. Strong bases favored coupling, but under these conditions fluorine in the product tended to undergo nucleophilic substitution. Inclusion of Ag2O accelerated coupling over ipso substitution.
Stretched-exponential relaxation arising from dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in amorphous silicon.

In this paper we find that the stretched-exponential relaxation commonly observed in disordered systems is explained by time-dependent atomic diffusion. The relaxation is observed in the electronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), a ``hydrogen glass'' material, and reflects the equlibration of localized electronic states. The relaxation is attributed to the motion of bonded hydrogen which exhibits dispersive diffusion with a characteristic power-law time dependence. A quantitative relation between the relaxation and the diffusion is established.
Role of enterostomal therapists and stoma rehabilitation clinics

Incidence estimates of abdominal stoma surgery are used as a rationale for developing new services and personnel in the care of stoma patients. Other national statistics show the need for information and help with stoma management by both lay and professional people. The development of enterostomal therapy as a new paramedical field is described and its areas of function delineated. Stress is placed upon the long-range nature of stomas in contrast to the usual presentation of stomas as surgical and convalescent concerns. Several tables show the concerns of persons living with a stoma and their need for various types of assistance. Stoma clinics are described as an answer to these life-long needs.
Abnormal Distribution of Red/Green Cone Opsins in a Patient with an Autosomal Dominant Cone Dystrophy

Purpose: To define the distribution of the red/green and blue opsins in cones from donor eyes from an affected member of a clinically well-characterized family with an autosomal dominant form of cone dystrophy. Methods: Tissue was fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry. Cryosections were studied by indirect immunofluorescence, using well-characterized antibodies to cone cytoplasm, rhodopsin, and cone opsins. The cone-associated matrix was also labeled with the lectin PNA. The affected donor eyes were compared to a postmortem matched normal eye. Results: Electroretinogram (ERG) testing three years prior to the affected member's death showed normal rod function, while the cone b-wave amplitude was reduced 40% below the lower limit of normal. Fundus exam showed only isolated drusen within the macula. Either a normal-appearing or only nonspecific macular findings were noted in the other affected family members who were examined. Immunofluorescence studies showed that blue cone opsin was restricted to th...
A structural and Mössbauer study of complexes with Fe(2)(micro-O(H))(2) cores: stepwise oxidation from Fe(II)(micro-OH)(2)Fe(II) through Fe(II)(micro-OH)(2)Fe(III) to Fe(III)(micro-O)(micro-OH)Fe(III).

Dinuclear non-heme iron clusters containing oxo, hydroxo, or carboxylato bridges are found in a number of enzymes involved in O 2 metabolism such as methane monooxygenase, ribonucleotide reductase, and fatty acid desaturases. Efforts to model structural and/or functional features of the protein-bound clusters have prompted the preparation and study of complexes that contain Fe(μ-O(H)) 2 Fe cores. Here we report the structures and spectroscopic properties of a family of diiron complexes with the same tetradentate N4 ligand in one ligand topology, namely [(α-BPMCN) 2 Fe I I 2(μ-OH) 2 ](CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 (1), [(a-BPMCN) 2 Fe I I Fe I I I (μ-OH) 2 ](CF 3 SO 3 ) 3 (2), and [(α-BPMCN) 2 Fe I I I 2(μ-O)(μ-OH)](CF 3 SO 3 ) 3 (3) (BPMCN = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane). Stepwise one-electron oxidations of 1 to 2 and then to 3 demonstrate the versatility of the Fe(μ-O(H)) 2 Fe diamond core to support a number of oxidation states with little structural rearrangement. Insight into the electronic structure of 1, 2', and 3 has been obtained from a detailed Mossbauer investigation (2' differs from 2 in having a different complement of counterions). Mixed-valence complex 2' is ferromagnetically coupled, with J = -15 ′ 5 cm - 1 (H = JS 1 .S 2 ). For the S = 9/2 ground multiplet we have determined the zero-field splitting parameter, D 9 / 2 = -1.5 ′ 0.1 cm - 1 , and the hyperfine parameters of the ferric and ferrous sites. For T < 12 K, the S = 9/2 multiplet has uncommon relaxation behavior. Thus, M S = -9/2 ↔ M S = +9/2 ground state transition is slow while ΔM S = ′1 transitions between equally signed M S levels are fast on the time scale of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Below 100 K, complex 2' is trapped in the Fe 1 I I I Fe 2 I I ground state; above this temperature, it exhibits thermally assisted electron hopping into the state Fe 1 I I Fe 2 I I I . The temperature dependence of the isomer shifts was corrected for second-order Doppler shift, obtained from the study of diferrous 1. The resultant true shifts were analyzed in a two-state hopping model. The diferric complex 3 is antiferromagnetically coupled with J = 90 ′ 15 cm - 1 , estimated from a variable-temperature Mossbauer analysis.
Maternal carriage of group B streptococci in developing countries

Background.Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in many industrialized countries, but reports from the developing world infrequently identify this pathogen among newborns with sepsis. Studies of GBS colonization among women living in developing countries were reviewe
Potent in vivo but not in vitro inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 3-chloro-α-phenylpyrazinemethanol

Abstract 3-Chloro-α-phenylpyrazinemethanol (3-CPM) inhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) types A and B in vivo in mouse brain, heart and liver. The inhibition was dose-dependent at doses of 0.3–32 mg/kg i.p. and occurred within 1 h after the compound was injected, 3-CPM was a very weak inhibitor of mouse brain mitochondrial MAO activity in vitro , even when preincubated with the enzyme; MAO-A was inhibited only about 50% at a high concentration of 3-CPM (1 mM), and MAO-B was inhibited even less. After a 10 mg/kg i.p. dose of 3-CPM in mice, both MAO-A and MAO-B were inhibited at day 1, but activity had largely recovered within a few days in brain, liver and heart. 3-CPM at doses of 1, 3, 10 and 32 mg/kg i.p. caused dose-dependent antagonism of the depletion of striatal dopamine and of cortical norepinephrine by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. 3-CPM is therefore a potent inhibitor of MAO-A and of MAO-B in mice in vivo despite its weak effect on the enzyme in vitro . A metabolite of the drug may be involved in the in vivo effects.
Pharmacological prophylaxis against the development of kindled amygdaloid seizures

The kindling of amygldaloid and cortical seizures in cats was used to study the prophylactic effects of phenobarbital, phenytoin, ethosuximide, acetazolamide, and dexamethason. Phenobarbital prevented the evolution of such seizures beyond stage 4 in all amygdaloid-kindling animals during 160 days of study. The prophylactic effect persisted on periodic challenge after the drug had been discontinued. Phenytoin, ethosuximide, acetazolamide, and dexamethasone appeared to have no prophylactic effect against the development of kindled amygdaloid seizures. With cortical kindling, both phenobarbital and phenytoin retarded the evolution of seizures without achieving true prophylaxis. The drugs appeared to act as suppressants. Prophylaxis was not an "all-or-none" phenomenon but rather a limitation of the stage of seizure evolution.
Expanding horizons: new developments in ellipsometry and polarimetry

This is the eighth in the aperiodic series of ellipsometry conferences, and the third devoted specifically to spectroscopic ellipsometry. I discuss the evolution of the field mainly from a technological perspective, and the changes that must be made in analytic procedures as accuracy requirements are increased from 1 to 0.1%. The current interest in Mueller-matrix spectroscopy motivates a discussion on how to include depolarization artifacts in Mueller-matrix calculations from first principles. Representative applications include extensions to the far infrared and vacuum ultraviolet, the determination of all elements of the Mueller matrix with a stationary sample, and the determination of critical dimensions by scatterometry.
Malt Flavor in Raw Milk Produced By Micrococcus

During the past summer (1930) a malt-like flavor was detected in some of the raw milk delivered at the University Creamery. So objectionable was tIns flavor that some of the affected milk could not be used for market milk purposes. Pasteurization did not remove the defect entirely. As the acidity of this milk usually was not over 0.18 per cent the flavor was first attributed to feed the cows had eaten. A survey of the pasture and feed lot on one of the farms sending in the malt flavored milk, however, failed to reveal any weeds or other feeds that might possibly cause the defect. The milk was stored over night in cans in an outside galvanized iron tank away from feed odors. It was found that the first milk through the milking machine developed much more of the off-flavor. It was also noted that the night's milk only was affected at the time of delivery to the plant at about 9 a.m. The milking machine, according to the farmer's statements, was washed once a day and was rinsed with a sodium hypochlorite solution before using. Examination of the machine showed the rubber parts to be in rather poor condition, being full of small crevices on the inside. Upon replacing these tubes with new ones, the flavor disappeared for a few days but later returned suggesting the possibility of bacteria as being the cause of the malt flavor.
Quantum size effects in transport theory and diamagnetism

Abstract Quantum size effects on the magnetoconductivity and diamagnetism of a free electron gas are studied, using the quantum mechanic conductivity tensor σ ( q , Ω, B ) found from linear response theory and assuming a constant relaxation time τ.
Coping Strategies Used by Lodging Managers to Balance Work and Personal Lives: An Exploratory Study

The hospitality industry offers services to consumers around the clock, every day of the year. Lodging managers, in particular, are required to work long hours in a highly unpredictable and stressful environment. Consequently, a successful career in hotel management leaves little time for outside activities which often leads managers to leave such positions or the industry altogether. The purpose of this study is to explore the coping strategies used by lodging managers who have a successful balance between their work and personal lives. Eight coping strategies are identified by interviewing 15 lodging managers.
Developments in Operational Long-Range Climate Prediction at CPC

Abstract The science, production methods, and format of long-range forecasts (LRFs) at the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), a part of the National Weather Service’s (NWS’s) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), have evolved greatly since the inception of 1-month mean forecasts in 1946 and 3-month mean forecasts in 1982. Early forecasts used a subjective blending of persistence and linear regression-based forecast tools, and a categorical map format. The current forecast system uses an increasingly objective technique to combine a variety of statistical and dynamical models, which incorporate the impacts of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other sources of interannual variability, and trend. CPC’s operational LRFs are produced each midmonth with a “lead” (i.e., amount of time between the release of a forecast and the start of the valid period) of ½ month for the 1-month outlook, and with leads ranging from ½ month through 12½ months for the 3-month outlook. The 1-month outlook is als...
Ethical elders: Campus role models for moral development

Educating for virtue has been a task of U.S. colleges and universities since the founding of this nation's first institution of higher learning. The authors of this article suggest that campus ethical elders have obligations toward students and toward younger colleagues who aspire to a life in education.
Molecule of the month: miRNA and Parkinson's disease protein PARK2

Parkinson's disease is generally associated with aging, i.e. elderly individuals. We are gaining many deep insights into neuropathogenesis in Parkinson's disease and there are many publications on this topic; we briefly mention a few as they relate to the increasingly studied miRNAs. Parkinson's disease results from protein inclusions or Lewy bodies and destruction of (mid-brain) substantia nigra pars compacta neurons that are dopaminergic. A novel approach to investigate molecular processes in human diseases as well as in normal control and function is through the study of miRNAs. miRNAs are increasingly associated with many diseases and in Parkinson's disease [1, 2]. Up-regulation, beige Regulation, purple Co-expression, brown Physical Interaction, turquoise dotted Predicted Protein Interaction, and mauve dotted Predicted TFactor Regulation (GenePro SA Biosciences, http://www.sabiosciences.com/). Additional studies used a bioinformatics and computational approach to the analysis of gene expression using the Gene Expression Omnibus database at NIH [3]. They then predicated Parkinson's disease associated transcription factors, miRNAs, and identified 11 genes that include a new transcription factor, N-Myc down-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and junction plakoglobin (JUP).In Parkinson's disease, NDRG1 is regulated by miRNA-133 [4]. miRNA profile analysis indicated miR-34b and miR-34c decreased expression. These changes were found in the substantia nigra, frontal cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala. In aneuroblastoma cell culture line, depletion of miR-34b or miR- 34c resulted in cell death. In addition, depletion of these miRNAs resulted in decreased expression of Parkin or parkinson protein 2 (Park2) and parkinson protein 7 (DJ1). These cellular changes appear to result in mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease [2]. Figure 1 shows an interactive network diagram of input neighbors to Park2 (parkin) and Figure 2 shows an interactive network diagram of input proteins from Figure 1 (Park2, CASK, SNCAIP, HSPA4, STUB1, SIM2, CBL, LIMK1, PACRG, SEPT5, PSMA7, and BAG5). It is left as a puzzle for the interested reader to identify the various genes and their functions in the figures [5–7]. Figure 1 Network of input protein (Park2) with immediate interactive proteins. In this figure, line-colors and various interactions with other genes are red Down-regulation, green Up-regulation, beige Regulation, purple Co-expression, brown Physical Interaction, ... Figure 2 Network of input proteins from Figure 1(Park2, CASK, SNCAIP, HSPA4, STUB1, SIM2, CBL, LIMK1, PACRG, SEPT5, PSMA7, BAG5) and showing additional neighbors of these proteins (up to 100 total). In this figure, line-colors and various interactions with other ...
The conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine labeled in the choline group using methyl lodide, 18‐crown‐6 and potassium carbonate

A chemical method for the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine is described. Methyl iodide in the presence 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) and potassium carbonate in benzene is used to alkylate phosphatidylethanolamine in 2.5 hr at 37 C to give an isotopically enriched phosphatidylcholine. The product is purified conventionally and is obtained in 75% yield.
THE ACTIVATING DUAL PHOSPHORYLATION OF MAPK BY MEK IS NONPROCESSIVE

Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), also known as extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), by MAPK/extracellular protein kinase kinases (MEKs) requires phosphorylation at two sites. The first step in MAPK activation by MEK must be the formation of a MEK x MAPK enzyme-substrate complex, followed by phosphorylation producing monophosphorylated MAPK (pMAPK). Subsequently, one of two events may occur. (1) MEK catalyzes the second and fully activating phosphorylation of MAPK, producing ppMAPK (a processive mechanism). (2) The complex of MEK x pMAPK dissociates before the second phosphorylation occurs, full activation requiring a reassociation of pMAPK with MEK (a nonprocessive or distributive mechanism). Simulations indicate that these two mechanisms predict different kinetics of MAPK activation. Specifically, the nonprocessive mechanism predicts that there will be a paradoxical decrease in the rate of MAPK activation as the MAPK concentration is increased. The present study uses p42 MAPK, also known as ERK2, and MEK1 as representatives of their respective classes of enzymes. We find that increasing the ERK2 concentration decreases the rate of activation by a mechanism which does not involve inhibition of MEK1 function. The accumulation of the active, doubly phosphorylated ERK2 (ppERK2) was directly assessed using a phosphorylation-state-specific antibody. The rate of accumulation of ppERK2 is decreased by increasing the ERK2 concentration. Therefore, the mechanism of ERK2 activation by MEK1 in vitro is nonprocessive.
Synthesis of a triply-bridged molecular gyroscope by a directed meridional cyclization strategy.

A crystalline triply bridged molecular gyroscope has been prepared and analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A convergent synthetic strategy was developed to control the direction of the three bridges, from the preferred two zonal and one meridional arrangement of a one-step cylclization process to the directed three meridional bridges achieved by a north−south desymmetrization.
Mixed top-bottom squark production at the CERN LHC

We calculate cross sections for mixed stop-sbottom pair production at the LHC, analogous to single-top production, a weak process involving the $W$-${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{t}}_{i}$-${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{b}}_{j}$ vertex. While coupling-suppressed relative to QCD same-flavor squark pair production, the signal is distinctive due to heavy-flavor tagging along with a possible same-sign lepton pair in the final state. SUSY backgrounds can often be suppressed many orders of magnitude by taking advantage of distinct kinematic differences from the signal. Measuring the rate of this process would add significant additional information to that gathered from other SUSY processes. If the stop and sbottom mixings can be determined elsewhere, stop-sbottom production would provide for a measurement of the weak squark gauge coupling and super-CKM vertex factor.
Phantom studies of imaging soft tissue through bone with ultrasound transaxial tomography

A phantom consisting of a 2.5 cm diameter aluminum rod, a balloon filled with castor oil and a balloon filled with a phenylated silicone fluid were imaged in water with ultrasound transaxial tomography of attenuation by reconstruction (UTTAR). This phantom was chosen to investigate the feasibility of detecting small changes in the ultrasound attenuation coefficient of soft tissues in planes containing bones. Opposed transmitting and receiving transducers were scanned on either side of the phantom just as an x-ray tube and detector are scanned in the EMI x-ray computerized axial tomography system for brain imaging.
Colobomatous macrophthalmia with microcornea.

The ocular malformation of microcornea, weal coloboma, high myopia, posterior staphyloma, and macrophthalmia was studied in a family. Clinical characteristics and ocular parameters, including refractive error and axial length, are summarized. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance of the disorder; expressivity is variable. This unique malformation is differentiated from other well-recognized syndromes of colobomatous microphthalmia.
Characterization of boron carbide nanoparticles prepared by a solid state thermal reaction

The production of boron carbide (B4C) nanoparticles was investigated in a conventional high temperature furnace reactor. The reaction was carried out by heating a mixture of amorphous carbon and amorphous boron at 1550 °C to efficiently obtain a quantity of B4C. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the average size of B4C particles was 200 nm, ranging from 50 nm to 350 nm. X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies indicated that the prepared nanoparticles were crystalline B4C with a high density twin structure. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction were also used to further characterize the structure of the prepared B4C particles, while energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy were used to determine the stoichiometry of the product. A solid state diffusion reaction mechanism is proposed.
Statistically-Enhanced New Word Identification in a Rule-Based Chinese System

This paper presents a mechanism of new word identification in Chinese text where probabilities are used to filter candidate character strings and to assign POS to the selected strings in a ruled-based system. This mechanism avoids the sparse data problem of pure statistical approaches and the over-generation problem of rule-based approaches. It improves parser coverage and provides a tool for the lexical acquisition of new words.
Octahedral metal carbonyls 75. ‘Directed’ synthesis of tungsten carbonyl complexes of alkenyldiphenylphosphines

Abstract Alkenyldiphenylphosphines, CH 2 CH(CH 2 ) n PPh 2 (alkP; n =1-4), react with c is-(pip) 2 W(CO) 4 (pip=piperidine) to afford cis -(pip)(alkP)W(CO) 4 complexes in which alkP is coordinated through P. Two of these complexes ( n =2, 3) react via chelate ring closure either photochemically or thermally to afford, in high yield, (ηn 3 -alkP)W(CO) 4 products in which alkP functions as a chelating ligand; for the other two ( n =1, 4), such products were observed in solution but could not be isolated. In contrast to observations for other complexes containing both phosphine and olefin functionalities, olefin bond migration was not observed to take place. This observation is attributed the ‘direction’ of the syntheses, which, for olefin bond migration to take place requires initial coordination of the alkP ligands through CC rather than through P. The influence of the nature of the chelate ring backbone on the outcome of such reactions is also discussed.
The cerebellum and cognitive function: Implications for rehabilitation

Abstract Objective: To characterize the cognitive effects of isolated cerebellar lesions. Design: Review of two inpatient cases. Setting: The rehabilitation unit of a tertiary general hospital. Patients or Other Participants: Two patients with acute ischemic strokes who had solitary cerebellar infarcts. Interventions: Assessment with standard neuropsychological tests. Scores were compared with patients' premorbid levels and standardized test norms. A classical conditioning eyeblink paradigm was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Neuropsychological measures of intellectual and executive functions, learning and memory, visual-spatial abilities, language functioning, fine motor speed, and dexterity. Results: Test findings suggested lesion-associated deficits in higher aspects of cognition (visuospatial reasoning, verbal and visual memory, and intellectual and executive functions). These functions are not usually associated with the fundamentally motoric role of the cerebellum. Conclusions: (1) Lesions in the cerebellum can be associated with impairments in higher cognitive functioning. (2) Such effects may be severe enough for a diagnosis of dementia under current diagnostic criteria. (3) These rehabilitation patients may benefit from comprehensive cognitive examination to determine if cognitive effects will detract from their participation. (4) Further research is needed to localize which cerebellar areas affect which cognitive abilities.
Comments on a single separable potential with attraction and repulsion

Abstract Tabakin's recent nucleon-nucleon potential overbinds the triton by 300 MeV. This unfortunate result is is attributed to existence of an undesired zero-width resonance in this potential. The potential provides insight, however, into the 3-boson bound-state energy spectrum.
A new efficient medium access control protocol for multi-hop wireless mesh networks

This paper presents a new medium access control (MAC) scheme, which exploits the code division multiple access (CDMA) technology to provision many-to-one simultaneous wireless communication service without utilizing any time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme. This, combined with existing one-to-one (i.e., unicast) and one-to-many (i.e., multicast or broadcast) wireless communication services, brings into life a new communication paradigm, that is, mesh communications. The new scheme also supports accumulative receptions, namely, a receiver can buffer partially damaged (re-)transmitted frames and add those frames efficiently to form an error-free frame. Our simulation results show that the new scheme outperforms IEEE 802.11 in both non-mobile and mobile environments.
Report on second international workshop on advanced issues of E-commerce and Web-based information systems

The Second International Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information Systems (WECWIS 2000) was held at the Crowne Plaza San Jose/Silicon Valley in Milpitas, California on June 8-9, 2000. The purpose of this workshop was to bring together leading practitioners, developers and researchers to explore the challenging technical issues and find feasible solutions for advancing the current state of the art in e-commerce and web-based information systems. In particular, the workshop was interested in the infrastructure issues to facilitate e-commerce and Web-based information systems.WECWIS 2000 was successful. There were three invited talks, one industrial panel discussion and six technical sessions. The keynote speech, "The global trading web: A strategic vision for the Internet economy," was delivered by Dr. Jay M. Tenebaum, VP and Chief Scientist, Commerce One, Inc., on June 8 immediately following the opening remarks by the conference chair. The banquet address, "Business issues in e-commerce," was delivered by Mr. Daniel Druker, General Manager, Hyperion e-Business Division. Finally, a lunch address, "B2C, B2B, N2N, N2M: Why 2 is so instrumental?" was delivered by Mr. Mstafa A. Syed, VP of Technology, VertialNet, Inc.The industrial panel was moderated by Dr. L. Mason and Dr. Z. Zhang, both of Blue Martini Software. The panelists included J. Becher, Accrue Software; L. Mellot, Business Objects; A. Srivastava, Blue Martini Software; and C. Zhou, IBM. The panel discussion topic was "Can e-business intelligence survive?" Among the many interesting issues being discussed were: Will privacy concerns stunt e-business intelligence utility? Will integrated e-commerce solutions be able to collect and analyze click steams, contents, products and sales data simultaneously? To what extent can out-of-the-box combined e-commerce and e-business intelligence solutions be useful? Is data mining useful in B2B e-commerce? Both positive and negative responses were hotly debated.There were a total of 30 papers included in the technical presentations, organized into six sessions. They were selected after rigorous reviews by the program committee members. The presented papers cover a wide range of topics, from framework, architecture and protocol issues of e-commerce to various types of e-services to web-based information systems for facilitating e-commerce. The rest of this report provides a brief summary of the technical presentations given in the workshop. The entire workshop proceedings is available from the IEEE Computer Society.
Effect of the centrifugal force on domain chaos in Rayleigh-Bénard convection

Experiments and simulations from a variety of sample sizes indicated that the centrifugal force significantly affects the domain-chaos state observed in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection-patterns. In a large-aspect-ratio sample, we observed a hybrid state consisting of domain chaos close to the sample center, surrounded by an annulus of nearly stationary nearly radial rolls populated by occasional defects reminiscent of undulation chaos. Although the Coriolis force is responsible for domain chaos, by comparing experiment and simulation we show that the centrifugal force is responsible for the radial rolls. Furthermore, simulations of the Boussinesq equations for smaller aspect ratios neglecting the centrifugal force yielded a domain precession-frequency f~epsilonµ with µ~=1 as predicted by the amplitude-equation model for domain chaos, but contradicted by previous experiment. Additionally the simulations gave a domain size that was larger than in the experiment. When the centrifugal force was included in the simulation, µ and the domain size were consistent with experiment.
Furosemide in patients with heart failure: Shift in dose-response curves

We studied 10 patients with congestive heart failure to assess the dynamics of their response to 40 mg of furosemide. Patients excreted less sodium than normal controls: 142 +/- 36 and 245 +/- 16 mEq/4 hr (p < 0.05). Patients delivered the same amount of furosemide into the urine--14.9 +/- 2.0 and 18.7 +/- 2.1 mg/4 hr (p < 0.20)--but the time course of delivery differed. Normal subjects had a sigmoid-shaped curve when furosemide excretion rate was related to response. All patients but one had shifts in this curve and for a number of patients the configuration differed substantially from a sigmoid curve.
Absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies from semiconductor–glass composites

Abstract Semiconductor–glass composite films were fabricated using a dual gun RF magnetron sputtering technique. The semiconductor films are made sufficiently thin to form isolated clusters of reasonably uniform size, adjustable between 1.5 and 40 nm in diameter. The glass films are continuous and form a matrix around the isolated clusters. This structure produces semiconductor clusters whose electronic band structure is dominated by quantum confinement of the electron and hole wavefunctions. This work examines the effects of fabrication and heat treatments on the electronic band structure and LO-phonon properties of Si and Ge semiconductor clusters embedded in SiO2. Absorption measurements indicate a blue shift in energy with heat treatment as a result of quantum confinement effects. The evolution of the absorption shift as a function of both the amorphous and crystalline states is explored using Raman scattering spectroscopy.
A functional estimate of overlap between adjacent coronary circulations in the dog.

We measured the functional overlap between the left arterior descending (LAD) and the rest of the coronary arteries in the dog heart. The measurements were performed by loading only the field of the LAD with133Xe gas via a close-arterial injection during normal perfusion. The LAD perfusion was then interrupted and blood was allowed to flow retrograde from the distal LAD segment. This caused a condition of extremely low flow in the tissue perfused by the LAD. Examination of the washout kinetics revealed two distinct compartments. The slow compartment accounted for 97% of the injected Xenon and was assumed to represent the central ischemic field of the LAD. The fast component accounted for only 3% of the injected tracer and was assumed to include all regions of admixture between the LAD and other coronary vessels at the lateral borders. Thus, less than 3% of the LAD's field functionally communicates with the rest of the coronary circulation.
Study of (d, p) reactions to unbound states of 13C AND 17O

Abstract Cross-section and vector-analysing-power measurements have been made for (d, p) reactions on 12 C and 16 O leading to the unbound fourth, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh excited states in 13 C and to the unbound fourth, fifth and eighth excited states in 17 O. The results are compared to predictions of the DWBA theory using (i) a form factor for a weakly bound particle, and (ii) a resonance form factor, following the approach of Vincent and Fortune. For the transitions in which the stripping mechanism dominates, the two approaches give results of comparable quality, except that the measured cross sections at forward angles are better reproduced using resonance form factors. Resonance widths obtained from the analysis generally agree with those obtained from neutron scattering measurements. Results are also presented for 16 O(d, p 3 ) 17 O ∗ and for the transitions to the bound states of 13 C.
Traitement endovasculaire d'une rupture de l'aorte abdominale par invasion tumorale d'un lymphome rétropéritonéal non résécable

Les leiomyosarcomes retroperitoneaux expliquent <1% de toutes les tumeurs diagnostiquees aux etats-Unis. Ils sont habituellement non resecables a l'heure du diagnostic du fait de leur presentation clinique atypique. La rupture aortique par invasion tumorale par des leiomyosarcomes retroperitoneaux est extremement rare et n'a ete rapportee qu'une fois. Nous decrivons un cas de leiomyosarcome retroperitoneal non resecable erodant l'aorte abdominale sous-renale avec hemorragie intra-tumorale aigue contenue traite avec succes par un stentgraft aortique abdominal place en percutane. Cet article discute le traitement endovasculaire de cette urgence medicale rare effectue rapidement et efficacement dans notre salle endovasculaire. Les specialistes endovasculaires devraient etre au courant de cette option endovasculaire de sauvetage pour traiter une rupture aortique aigue.
Novel venom peptides from the cone snail Conus pulicarius discovered through next-generation sequencing of its venom duct transcriptome.

Abstract The venom peptides (i.e., conotoxins or conopeptides) that species in the genus Conus collectively produce are remarkably diverse, estimated to be around 50,000 to 140,000, but the pace of discovery and characterization of these peptides have been rather slow. To date, only a minor fraction have been identified and studied. However, the advent of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies has opened up opportunities for expediting the exploration of this diversity. The whole transcriptome of a venom duct from the vermivorous marine snail C. pulicarius was sequenced using the 454 sequencing platform. Analysis of the data set resulted in the identification of over eighty unique putative conopeptide sequences, the highest number discovered so far from a Conus venom duct transcriptome. More importantly, majority of the sequences were potentially novel, many with unexpected structural features, hinting at the vastness of the diversity of Conus venom peptides that remains to be explored. The sequences represented at least 14 major superfamilies/types (disulfide- and non-disulfide-rich), indicating the structural and functional diversity of conotoxins in the venom of C. pulicarius . In addition, the contryphans were surprisingly more diverse than what is currently known. Comparative analysis of the O-superfamily sequences also revealed insights into the complexity of the processes that drive the evolution and diversification of conotoxins.
How good is a negative cranial computed tomographic scan result in excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract [Edlow JA, Wyer PC. How good is a negative cranial computed tomographic scan result in excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage? Ann Emerg Med. November 2000;36:507-516.]
Cone beam convolution formula

This paper presents a three-dimensional convolution formula for a general set of cone beam data. This formula is illustrated by examining at length the formula for a particular set of cone beam data-the set of cone beam data from source points which are located along a straight line. How the three-dimensional formula could be implemented for a general set of cone data is discussed.
Approximations for the distributions of bounded variation Lévy processes

Abstract We propose a feasible method for approximating the marginal distributions and densities of a bounded variation Levy process using polynomial expansions. We provide a fast recursive formula for approximating the coefficients of the expansions and estimating the order of the approximation error. Our expansions are shown to be the exact counterpart of successive approximations of the Levy process by compound Poisson processes previously proposed by, for instance, Barndorff-Nielsen and Hubalek (2008) [Barndorff-Nielsen, O.E., Hubalek, F., 2008. Probability measures, Levy measures, and analyticity in time. Bernoulli 3 (14), 764–790] and others, and hence, give an answer to an open problem raised therein.
Physical and electrical characterization of co-deposited Zns:Mn electroluminescent thin film structures

The role of the Mn concentration in controlling the properties of ZnS:Mn electroluminescent thin film devices is reported. It is found that the maximum brightness occurs at 1.3 ± 0.3 mole % Mn, but that significant hysteresis occurs only for Mn concentrations higher than the maximum brightness doping level.
UCLA Driving Simulation Laboratory: With A 360 Degree Scene Around A Full Size Car

The UCLA Driving Simulation Laboratory has recently been updated to provide for a 360 degree motion picture portrayal around a full size car. The build-up includes a rear screen which duplicated the existing front 8 ft. radius cylindrical screen and two side screens to fill the gap between front and rear scenes. The motion picture frame speed from the four projectors required to project the images is synchronized with the speed of rollers under the rear wheels of the car. A vehicle was constructed to carry four cam-eras at highway speeds with no visual obstructions in the 360 degree scene being filmed. Front and rear scenes are filmed with Vista Vision cameras equipped with "Dimension 150" optics while the side scenes are taken with 16 mm cameras.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Racial Misclassification and Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Background— National vital event data suggest that cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates are lower for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) than for the general US population, but these data are disproportionately flawed for AIAN because of racial misclassification. Methods and Results— Vital event data adjusted for racial misclassification and published by the Indian Health Service were used to compare trends in CVD mortality from 1989 to 1991 to 1996 to 1998 between AIAN, US all-races, and US white populations. Without misclassification accounted for, AIAN initially had the lowest mortality rates from major CVD, but by the end of the study, their rates were the highest. Adjustment for misclassification revealed an early and rapidly growing disparity between CVD mortality rates among AIAN compared with rates in the US all-races and white populations. By 1996 to 1998, the age- and misclassification-adjusted number of CVD deaths per 100 000 among AIAN was 195.9 compared with age-adjusted rates...
Optimal design of welded girders

A computer program has been developed for automatically producing least cost designs for welded plate girders meeting the requirements of the 1969 “Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings” of the American Institute of Steel Construction. Girder loading may consist of a uniform load and concentrated loads. Flange and web plate dimensions, bearing and intermediate stiffener dimensions and locations are produced, as required, for spans with unsymmetric loading. In addition, for spans with symmetric loading, a flange splice location and the reduced flange thickness at the ends of the span may be produced if the most economical girder is obtained by splicing the flange. Backtrack programming is applied in determining the optimal design.
Growing America’s fuel: an analysis of corn and cellulosic ethanol feasibility in the United States

Recent excitement over ethanol in the United States has been unmatched by other alternative energy sources. To a certain extent, the mention of ethanol by President Bush in the past four State of the Union Addresses has politicized the debate and generated a high level of support for increased ethanol production in both Congress and the private sector. In December 2007, President Bush signed into law the Energy Independence and Security Act, which increased the renewable fuel standard that was mandated under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. “Growing fuel” has appealed to politicians, the American public, and powerful agricultural interests all for different reasons. Whether or not the large-scale ethanol production and distribution of ethanol is efficient is not easily understood. Corn-based ethanol is so heavily subsidized through federal tax credits and even state credits that its true cost is hard to determine (Gardner in J Agric Food Ind Organ 5:4, 2007). The high corrosiveness of ethanol and its tendency to absorb water damages existing fuel infrastructure and requires special equipment and supply chains for transportation (Rusco and Walls in Biofuels, petroleum refining and the shipping of motor fuels. Institute for Advanced Policy Research, Technical Paper TP-05008, 2008). Perhaps, most importantly, the agricultural availability for energy crops is intertwined closely with food crops; corn prices are influenced by the converging demands of ethanol, feed crops and human consumption. After examining the feasibility of recent goals for alternative fuels in the context of corn and cellulosic ethanol production, we are unable to validate that corn-based ethanol is worthy of continued pursuit as a viable, comprehensive alternative to gasoline. On the other hand, we find the argument for cellulosic production more compelling due to the ubiquitous availability of amounts and variety of feedstock, combined with a high potential for far reaching and decentralized refineries. Our work indicates that a transition to advanced, cellulosic feedstocks for ethanol is absolutely necessary for increased biofuel production and reduced petroleum use to occur. However, in light of the lack of commercial availability of key components needed for cellulosic ethanol production, we conclude that the feasibility of cellulosic ethanol as a mainstream fuel will require many changes in technology and federal funding. Thus, we conclude that, in the short term, ethanol cannot meet the energy security and environmental goals of a gasoline alternative.
Customer service in the face of flight delays

Despite the increasing informal discussion (Blogs, newspapers and magazines) of the industry-wide tarmac delay phenomena, the extant satisfaction and queuing literature is silent on this rather int...