cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-F-R-02: Imaging-Genomics for Predicting GBM Molecular Subclasses and Survival

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary intracranial neoplasm. GBM is categorized into five sub-classes (classical, G-CIMP, mesenchymal, proneural and neural) that can only be determined by an invasive brain biopsy followed by RNA and DNA methylation profiling. The goal of this study is to develop imaging features extracted from conventional MRI scans and an ensemble-classification method as a potential noninvasive method to predict the five molecular sub-classes and 12-month survival status. Methods: Tumors are segmented into 4 cardinal sub-volumes that are enhancing, non-enhancing, necrosis, and edema by BraTuma software and post-manual modification. After intensity normalization, mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of voxel intensities and normalized volume of each of the 4 sub-volumes are calculated. The first four features are extracted from three different modalities (T1 pre & post contrast and T2 FLAIR) and the tumor texture is quantified. A feature selection phase (wrapper algorithm) is preceded the classification stage. Ensembles of binary classifiers with one versus rest strategy, along with a separate binary classifier are employed respectively for molecular classification and survival status. Two different binary classifiers are tested (SVM and K* IBL) and their confidences are used for tie-breaking technique. Results: With the select combination of features of the MRI modalities, the ROC area and accuracy of the prediction are 0.750 and 95% for classical, 1.000 and 100% for G-CIMP, 0.719 and 85% for mesenchymal, 0.875 and 95% for neural, 0.922 and 95% for proneural, and 0.990 and 95% for survival status respectively. Conclusion: The study proposes a set of three-dimensional and rotation invariant imaging features that represent texture and volumetric characteristics of GBM tumors. The results show the select features are predictive for five molecular sub-classes and survival status in GBM. These results indicate the feasibility of obviating the biopsy for obtaining genomic information of tumor.
Prehistoric Horticulture in the Northeastern Plains

Recognition of the presence of prehistoric horticulture in the northeastern Plains is a relatively recent event. Several factors have contributed to the lack of awareness and to the lack of acceptance of native horticulture in this Plains subarea including assumptions about climate and cultural adaptations, and the lack of appropriate recovery and experimental techniques. Archaeological field investigations in the northeastern Plains conducted since 1973 reveal that forager-farmers inhabited this region of the Great Plains by A.D. 1200 raising maize and collecting wild plant foods as a supplement to hunting. Recognition of prehistoric horticulture in this Plains subarea requires a shift in perceptions of the cultural adaptations of this region 's prehistoric inhabitants.
Comparison of CeRh2Si2 and CeRh2-xRuxSi2 near their magnetic-nonmagnetic boundaries

A zero-temperature magnetic-nonmagnetic phase boundary is accessed in CeR${\mathrm{h}}_{2}$S${\mathrm{i}}_{2}$ by application of pressure and in ${\mathrm{CeRh}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ at ambient pressure for $x\ensuremath{\approx}1.0$. A comparison of specific heat and resistivity measurements in the two cases emphasizes the importance of disorder in producing non-Fermi-liquid-like behavior in these as well as in other Ce-based systems.
Zika vaccine: Clinical trial and error?

Researchers are racing to develop a vaccine for the Zika virus and move it to clinical trials (“Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys,” P. Abbink et al. , Research Article, 4 August, aah6157), but they are not considering whether the
Correcting mitochondrial fusion by manipulating mitofusin conformations

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that exchange contents and undergo remodelling during cyclic fusion and fission. Genetic mutations in MFN2 (the gene encoding mitofusin 2) interrupt mitochondrial fusion and cause the untreatable neurodegenerative condition Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). It has not yet been possible to directly modulate mitochondrial fusion, in part because the structural basis of mitofusin function is not completely understood. Here we show that mitofusins adopt either a fusion-constrained or a fusion-permissive molecular conformation, directed by specific intramolecular binding interactions, and demonstrate that mitofusin-dependent mitochondrial fusion can be regulated in mouse cells by targeting these conformational transitions. On the basis of this model, we engineered a cell-permeant minipeptide to destabilize the fusion-constrained conformation of mitofusin and promote the fusion-permissive conformation, reversing mitochondrial abnormalities in cultured fibroblasts and neurons that harbour CMT2A-associated genetic defects. The relationship between the conformational plasticity of mitofusin 2 and mitochondrial dynamism reveals a central mechanism that regulates mitochondrial fusion, the manipulation of which can correct mitochondrial pathology triggered by defective or imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics.
Strongyloides hyperinfection following hematopoietic stem cell transplant in a patient with HTLV-1-associated T-cell leukemia

Strongyloides stercoralis has the potential to cause accelerated autoinfection in immunocompromised hosts. Screening tests for strongyloidiasis may be falsely negative in the setting of immunosuppression. We report a case of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome in a patient with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated T-cell leukemia early after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The diagnosis was made by stool ova and parasite examination, despite a negative screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Because of anticipated prolonged neutropenia, an extended course of treatment was utilized.
User Response to Mandatory IT Use: A Coping Theory Perspective

The introduction of a new information technology (IT) into a workplace often engenders a wide range of responses among users. These responses encompass a variety of emotions, such as excitement, in...
Quantifying the Molecular-Scale Aqueous Response to the Mica Surface

Modeling assembly at surfaces requires an understanding of the interactions between solutes, solvents, and surfaces at multiple scales. We investigated the solvent response (water structure and orientation) to a dielectric surface (mica) using density functional theory. A different water structure is engendered by replacing naturally occurring surface ions (K+) with H3O+. We also validate classical models for the mica surface (CLAYFF) against DFT predictions. The detailed microscopic response of water to mica can be used as input into continuum models for the total interactions between two mica surfaces supporting a strong correlation between physicochemical phenomena at different scales.
Chinese paleontology and the reception of Darwinism in early twentieth century.

Abstract The paper examines the social, cultural and disciplinary factors that influenced the reception and appropriation of Darwinism by China's first generation paleontologists. Darwinism was mixed with Social Darwinism when first introduced to China, and the co-option of Darwinian phrases for nationalistic awakening obscured the scientific essence of Darwin's evolutionary theory. First generation Chinese paleontologists started their training in 1910s–1920s. They quickly asserted their professional identity by successfully focusing on morphology, taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Surrounded by Western paleontologists with Lamarckian or orthogenetic leanings, early Chinese paleontologists enthusiastically embraced evolution and used fossils as factual evidence; yet not enough attention was given to mechanistic evolutionary studies. The 1940s saw the beginning of a new trend for early Chinese paleontologists to incorporate more biological and biogeographical components in their work, but external events such as the dominance of Lysenkoism in the 1950s made the Modern Synthesis pass by without being publicly noticed in Chinese paleontology. Characterized by the larger goal of using science for nation building and by the utilitarian approach favoring local sciences, the reception and appropriation of Darwinism by first generation Chinese paleontologists raise important questions for studying the indigenizing efforts of early Chinese scientists to appropriate Western scientific theories.
Goniotomy with a single-use dual blade: Short-term results.

Purpose To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)–lowering efficacy and safety of a single-use dual blade (Kahook) in patients with mild to end-stage glaucoma. Setting International multicenter ophthalmic care centers. Design Prospective interventional case series. Methods Consecutive patients with glaucoma who had phacoemulsification plus goniotomy with the single-use dual blade were enrolled in this study. Each center collected deidentified clinical data, including preoperative and postoperative IOP, medication use, adverse events, and whether additional surgery was required during a 6-month follow-up. Results Of the 71 eyes included in this study, 70% had primary open-angle glaucoma. Other diagnoses included angle-closure, pigmentary, pseudoexfoliative, and normal-tension glaucoma. Sixty-five percent of eyes were classified as having mild to moderate glaucoma and 35%, severe glaucoma. The mean baseline IOP decreased from 17.4 mm Hg ± 5.2 (SD) to 12.8 ± 2.6 mm Hg 6 months postoperatively and the hypotensive medication use decreased from 1.6 ± 1.3 to 0.9 ± 1.0, respectively (P Conclusion Single-use dual blade goniotomy plus phacoemulsification resulted in a significant and sustained reduction in IOP and a decrease in glaucoma medications after 6 months of follow-up.
Effect of a home-based exercise intervention of wearable technology and telephone coaching on walking performance in peripheral artery disease: The honor randomized clinical trial

Importance Clinical practice guidelines support home-based exercise for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), but no randomized trials have tested whether an exercise intervention without periodic medical center visits improves walking performance. Objective To determine whether a home-based exercise intervention consisting of a wearable activity monitor and telephone coaching improves walking ability over 9 months in patients with PAD. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 US medical centers. Patients with PAD were randomized between June 18, 2015, and April 4, 2017, to home-based exercise vs usual care for 9 months. Final follow-up was on December 5, 2017. Interventions The exercise intervention group (n = 99) received 4 weekly medical center visits during the first month followed by 8 months of a wearable activity monitor and telephone coaching. The usual care group (n = 101) received no onsite sessions, active exercise, or coaching intervention. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in 6-minute walk distance at 9-month follow-up (minimal clinically important difference [MCID], 20 m). Secondary outcomes included 9-month change in subcomponents of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) (0-100 score; 100, best), SF-36 physical functioning score, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) mobility questionnaire (higher = better; MCID, 2 points), PROMIS satisfaction with social roles questionnaire, PROMIS pain interference questionnaire (lower = better; MCID range, 3.5-4.5 points), and objectively measured physical activity. Results Among 200 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [10.4] years; 105 [52.5%] women), 182 (91%) completed 9-month follow-up. The mean change from baseline to 9-month follow-up in the 6-minute walk distance was 5.5 m in the intervention group vs 14.4 m in the usual care group (difference, −8.9 m; 95% CI, −26.0 to 8.2 m; P = .31). The exercise intervention worsened the PROMIS pain interference score, mean change from baseline to 9 months was 0.7 in the intervention group vs −2.8 in the usual care group (difference, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.8; P = .002). There were no significant between-group differences in the WIQ score, the SF-36 physical functioning score, or the PROMIS mobility or satisfaction with social roles scores. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with PAD, a home-based exercise intervention consisting of a wearable activity monitor and telephone coaching, compared with usual care, did not improve walking performance at 9-month follow-up. These results do not support home-based exercise interventions of wearable devices and telephone counseling without periodic onsite visits to improve walking performance in patients with PAD. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02462824
Using counterfactuals to assess eyewitnesses' abilities to estimate the effects of external influences on their lineup identifications

v INTRODUCTION 1 EXPERIMENT 1: POST-IDENTIFICATION FEEDBACK 20 Method 20 Results 24 Discussion 34 EXPERIMENT 2: PRE-LINEUP INSTRUCTIONS 36 Method 37 Results 40 Discussion 45 GENERAL DISCUSSION 47 FIGURES 67 TABLES 70 REFERENCES 76 APPENDIX A : EXPERIMENT 1 ACTUAL RESPONSE MEASURES 82 APPENDIX B: EXPERIMENT 1 MEMORY MEASURES 83 Witnesses who received confirming feedback 83 Witnesses who did not receive confirming feedback 85 APPENDIX C: EXPERIMENT 1 COUNTERFACTUAL RESPONSE MEASURES 87 Witnesses who received confirming feedback 87 Witnesses who did not receive confirming feedback 88
The Decidability Requirement

English translation of Moritz Pasch,“Die Forderung der Entscheidbarkeit,” Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung 27 (1918), pp. 228–232. Pasch attributes to Kronecker the view that undecidable properties have no place in mathematics. Pasch suggests that a reasonable response to this proposal is not offhand dismissal, but a searching inquiry into the logical structure and conceptual foundations of mathematics.
Switchable holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the theory and practice of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) for photonics, especially the basic properties of these materials and their relationships with switchable holograms. The theory of diffraction and switching in H-PDLCs is also covered. A simple H-PDLC grating consists of periodic slabs of PDLC interspersed by solid polymer slabs. The generic recipe for an H-PDLC is a mixture of monomer, liquid crystal (LC), and photoinitiator, with some other minor, but important, ingredients that are described in the chapter. H-PDLC gratings can be dynamically controlled by reasonable voltages. They tend to follow a simple electro-optical model based on the elastic properties of elongated LC droplets. Although H-PDLC technology is relatively new and in some respects is still the subject of laboratory research, improvements continue to be made to the basic materials system.
Playing with history: collective memory, national trauma, and dark tourism in virtual reality docugames

Over a decade after the controversial docugames Super Columbine Massacre RPG! (Danny Ledonne, 2005) – a game that turned the 1999 Columbine High School shootings into an interactive quest from the ...
Project Star Catcher: A Novel Immersive Virtual Reality Experience for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Modern immersive virtual reality experiences have the unique potential to motivate patients undergoing physical therapy for performing intensive repetitive task-based treatment and can be utilized to collect real-time user data to track adherence and compliance rates. This article reports the design and evaluation of an immersive virtual reality game using the HTC Vive for upper limb rehabilitation, titled “Project Star Catcher” (PSC), aimed at users with hemiparesis. The game mechanics were adapted from modified Constraint Induced Therapy (mCIT), an established therapy method where users are asked to use the weaker arm by physically binding the stronger arm. Our adaptation changes the physical to psychological binding by providing various types of immersive stimulation to influence the use of the weaker arm. PSC was evaluated by users with combined developmental and physical impairments as well as stroke survivors. The results suggest that we were successful in providing a motivating experience for performing mCIT as well as a cost-effective solution for real-time data capture during therapy. We conclude the article with a set of considerations for immersive virtual reality therapy game design.
Effect of Fluoride Doping on Lithium Diffusivity in Layered Molybdenum Oxide

The effects of cation doping on cathode performance has been extensively studied; however, the field of anion doping has historically received much less attention. Fluoride doping can greatly incre...
The Anaerobic Efflux Pump MdtEF-TolC Confers Resistance to Cationic Biocides

Abstract The E. coli RND transporter MdtEF-TolC is a tri-partite efflux pump that exports toxic substances. Little is known of the full range of substrate specificity of the anaerobic efflux pump, but MdtF shares similar homology and substrate specificity to the major RND efflux protein AcrB. To determine the substrate range of the anaerobic efflux pump MdtEF-TolC, E. coli mutants were exposed to 210 different biocides, and growth was monitored. This approach was used to validate AcrAB-TolC substrates and discover new chemicals transported by the major antibiotic efflux protein. Results showed that overexpression of MdtEF conferred resistance to the same substrates as AcrAB-TolC, but were limited to cationic amino-based biocides. Alignment of the amino acids lining the distal pocket of MdtF and AcrB revealed a more acidic isoelectric point (pI) of an order of magnitude in MdtF, whereas the proximal pocket and external cleft were homologous and displayed identical pIs. This analysis suggests that pH, which determines acid-base speciation, and the distal pocket surface proteins play a role in MdtF substrate specificity. Importance High-throughput screening of E. coli mutants revealed that the substrates of the anaerobic efflux pump MdtEF-TolC are the same cationic biocides exported by AcrAB-TolC. Comparison of the protein sequences of the distal pocket, proximal pocket, and external cleft of the two RND proteins showed homology in amino acid surface charge and isoelectric point. Residue differences within the distal pocket are responsible for a more acidic pI and greater negative charge of the inner membrane protein MdtF surface, and support the findings of transport of cationic substances.
The Re‐Emergence of Partisan Effects on Social Spending after the Global Financial Crisis

This article analysed the effects of the global financial crisis on the political dynamics that shape social spending in Europe. It used panel data for 28 OECD countries during the pre‐crisis (1990–2007) and post‐crisis (2008–13) periods to test the extent to which social spending was affected by EU and domestic variables. Notable differences were found in the influence of EU membership on social spending before and after the crisis as well as an increase in political partisan effects on social expenditure post‐crisis. Additional data of party manifestos for 42 national elections across 26 EU member states during the crisis (2008–13) confirm the emergence of left–right party divisions over social welfare. This finding is significant as partisan effects were absent in the decades preceding the crisis. These results suggest a significant shift has taken place in European social spending in the wake of the Great Recession.
High-Throughput Implementation of the NanoBRET Target Engagement Intracellular Kinase Assay to Reveal Differential Compound Engagement by SIK2/3 Isoforms:

The real-time quantification of target engagement (TE) by small-molecule ligands in living cells remains technically challenging. Systematic quantification of such interactions in a high-throughput setting holds promise for identification of target-specific, potent small molecules within a pathophysiological and biologically relevant cellular context. The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) belong to a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family and are composed of three isoforms in humans (SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3). They modulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Although pan-SIK inhibitors are sufficient to reverse SIK-dependent inflammatory responses, the apparent toxicity associated with SIK3 inhibition suggests that isoform-specific inhibition is required to realize therapeutic benefit with acceptable safety margins. Here, we used the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay, a sensitive energy transfer technique, to directly measure molecular proximity and quantify TE in HEK293T cells overexpressing SIK2 or SIK3. Our 384-well high-throughput screening of 530 compounds demonstrates that the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay was sensitive and robust enough to reveal differential engagement of candidate compounds with the two SIK isoforms and further highlights the feasibility of high-throughput implementation of NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assays for target-driven small-molecule screening.
Chapter 10 – Respiratory protection

Publisher Summary As with any type of personal protective equipment, respirators should be considered only when the safety of a workplace atmosphere cannot be maintained by means of other controls (e.g., engineering controls, adjusting work schedules, isolation) or whenever an emergency or interruption in normal atmospheric protection (e.g., servicing of ventilation motors) results in respiratory hazard. . For the purpose of designing a respiratory protection program, it is essential that the safety officer understand that a respirator is anydevice that treats or provides air to be inhaled by its wearer including simple device such as a paper dust mask that is commonly available for purchase at retail stores. It is also essential that the safety officer understand that neither the need for nor the use of respiratory protection devices can be left to the personal experience, whims, or preferences of the individual worker.
The Impact of Newcomer Socialization on Team Creativity

This paper examines newcomer entry into teams and team creativity in a field setting. Unique information and perspectives brought by newcomers have been proposed to provide “fresh blood” for teams,...
Models for Caring for Patients with Complex Lifestyle, Medical, and Social Needs

A small fraction of the US population accounts for the majority of the country’s healthcare spending. Patients who are frequently hospitalized tend to experience multiple chronic conditions, often brought on and exacerbated by environmental and lifestyle factors. The current standard of care, though, has become highly fragmented as the healthcare system has become increasingly specialized. Typically, a hospital-based physician cares for patients when they are hospitalized and primary care physicians care for them in the outpatient setting. Addressing these complex medical conditions and social needs requires a multidimensional and integrated approach to care. To meet these needs, a model has been developed for patients at increased risk of hospitalization by offering them care from the same physician in both the hospital and the clinic. This physician model was enhanced by developing the Comprehensive Care, Community and Culture Program, which adds systematic assessment for unmet social needs and access to a community health worker and community-based arts and social programming. By assessing unmet social needs, the team identified a cluster of needs that included healthy eating, physical activities, and social engagement. The team also designed an intervention referred to as the Healthy Living Program to address this cluster of needs through an integrated program that includes healthy eating curricula, community gardening, and physical and mindfulness exercises. The Healthy Living Program addresses this cluster of needs in an efficient and low-cost manner, facilitating application to other settings.
A Miniature Non-Invasive Wireless Tail-Cuff-Based Heart Rate Sensor With Motion Artifacts Suppression for Real-Time Monitoring of Laboratory Mice

This paper presents the design, implementation, and characterization results of miniature, non-invasive, tail-cuff-based heart rate (HR) sensors for real-time laboratory mice monitoring. 3D-printed lightweight tail-cuffs incorporating MEMS piezo-resistive pressure sensors are developed to minimize animal stress. A tail-cuff design employing two pressure sensors is proposed to suppress differential motion artifacts. The prototype tail-cuff sensors have demonstrated the capability of detecting blood pressure (BP) pulse waveform from a laboratory mouse tail, from which HR and heart rate variability (HRV) can be obtained. Compared to a tail-cuff design employing one pressure sensor, the two-sensor tail-cuff design exhibits a maximum HR error of 4.9%, which is 16 times lower than that obtained from the one-sensor tail-cuff design. Further, a miniature wireless transmitter module is demonstrated to be suitable for BP pulse waveform telemetry.
Piping Plover population increase after Hurricane Sandy mediated by immigration and reproductive output

Evaluating population-level responses to conservation action following large-scale disturbance can improve the efficacy of future habitat conservation measures. In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy storm surges cleared vegetation and opened inlets through the barrier islands, Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, creating Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) habitat. Storm effects prompted an island-wide stabilization project, which had the potential to negatively affect novel Piping Plover habitat. Certain sections of Fire Island were designed to create and/or improve habitat (hereafter, restoration areas) to mitigate possible habitat loss or degradation. Since Piping Plovers in New York appear to be habitat-limited, we anticipated positive population growth following habitat creation. From 2013 to 2018, we captured and banded 152 adults and 353 chicks, and monitored 279 nests and 160 broods. We developed an integrated population model to assess demographic processes in response to hurricane created-habitat (2013–2018) and the creation of restoration areas (2015–2018). We observed positive population growth in 3 of 5 yr, and overall growth throughout the period ( = 1.13). Immigration and reproductive output were correlated with population growth (r = 0.92 [95% CI: 0.22 to 0.98] and 0.84 [95% CI: –0.47 to 0.95], respectively). Compared with the rest of the study area, restoration areas had higher chick survival, and lower nest survival and after second-year site fidelity. The result was population growth in restoration areas ( = 1.14) similar to the whole study area. In the short term, restoration areas seemed to mimic natural Piping Plover habitat. Vegetation removal, an important process in renewing natural Piping Plover habitat, likely will be necessary to maintain habitat suitability. Efforts to increase immigration of new breeding adults into the system, and to improve reproductive output, primarily by habitat creation or maintenance, are likely to have the greatest local effect on population growth.LAY SUMMARYDespite being listed under the Endangered Species Act for more than 30 yr, and intensive management, Piping Plovers on the Atlantic Coast have not met population recovery goals across much of their breeding range.Hurricane Sandy increased available nesting habitat (dry sand) by over 150%. Following Hurricane Sandy, we monitored a population of individually marked birds on Fire Island and West Hampton Island, New York, for 6 yr. The area monitored included restored habitat, to evaluate the effectiveness of Piping Plover targeted habitat management.The population increased 90% in the 6 yr following Hurricane Sandy, primarily because of immigrant adults, and local reproductive success. The reproductive output and population growth in restoration areas were similar to the rest of the study area.Overall, Hurricane Sandy habitat creation was positive for this local plover population.Efforts to allow future hurricane storm surges to create habitat, along with continued management, will improve long-term population persistence.
How to perform and interpret a first trimester transabdominal point-of-care ultrasound.

A previously healthy 31-year-old gravida 1, para 0, presents to the ED for the evaluation of vaginal bleeding. The patient took a home pregnancy test that was positive and notes that her last menstrual period was 8 weeks prior to her presentation to the ED. The pregnancy is spontaneous and desired; however, she has had intermittent vaginal spotting, soaking four pads since yesterday. She takes a prenatal vitamin but has no other prescribed medications. On physical examination, she is well appearing with normal vital signs, including a blood pressure of 135/94 mm Hg and heart rate of 84 beats per minute. Her abdomen is non-tender with normal bowel sounds without rebound or guarding. On pelvic examination, her cervical os is closed with a small amount of blood in the vaginal vault. Intravenous access was obtained; laboratory evaluation shows a normal haemoglobin of 13.3 g/dL, platelets of 208 k/uL and an international normalised ratio of 1.0. Her blood type is O+, and she has a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin of 147 411 mIU/mL. A first trimester abdominal point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) was performed to evaluate for the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy. The primary indication for performing a first trimester POCUS is to evaluate for the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy.1 In the first trimester of a spontaneous pregnancy, the confirmation of an intrauterine pregnancy on ultrasound makes an ectopic pregnancy sufficiently unlikely since the rate of heterotopic pregnancy is very low.2 In contrast, in an assisted pregnancy or a pregnancy resulting from in vitro fertilisation, the risk of a heterotopic pregnancy increases from as low as 1/10 000 to as high as 1/100 pregnancies.2–4 Any patient who is undergoing assisted fertility warrants additional work-up for the presence of a heterotopic pregnancy despite a confirmed intrauterine pregnancy.2–4 The location of a pregnancy may …
Distinct Roles of the Human Subthalamic Nucleus and Dorsal Pallidum in Parkinson’s Disease Impulsivity

Abstract Background Impulsivity and impulse control disorders are common in Parkinson’s disease and lead to increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. Impulsivity is thought to arise from aberrant reward processing and inhibitory control, but it is unclear why deep brain stimulation of either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus internus (GPi) affects levels of impulsivity. Our aim was to assess the role of the STN and GPi in impulsivity using invasive local field potential (LFP) recordings from deep brain stimulation electrodes. Methods We measured LFPs during a simple rewarding Go/NoGo paradigm in 39 female and male human patients with Parkinson’s disease manifesting variable amounts of impulsivity who were undergoing unilateral deep brain stimulation of either the STN (18 nuclei) or GPi (28 nuclei). We identified reward-specific LFP event-related potentials and correlated them to impulsivity severity. Results LFPs in both structures modulated during reward-specific Go and NoGo stimulus evaluation, reward feedback, and loss feedback. Motor and limbic functions were anatomically separable in the GPi but not in the STN. Across participants, LFP reward processing responses in the STN and GPi uniquely depended on the severity of impulsivity. Conclusions This study establishes LFP correlates of impulsivity within the STN and GPi regions. We propose a model for basal ganglia reward processing that includes the bottom-up role of the GPi in reward salience and the top-down role of the STN in cognitive control.
Phase space factors for β + β + decay and competing modes of double- β decay

A complete and improved calculation of phase space factors (PSF) for $2\ensuremath{\nu}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ and $0\ensuremath{\nu}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay, as well as for the competing modes $2\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EC}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$, $0\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{EC}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$, and $2\ensuremath{\nu}\mathrm{ECEC}$, is presented. The calculation makes use of exact Dirac wave functions with finite nuclear size and electron screening and includes life-times, single and summed positron spectra, and angular positron correlations.
Testimony of Tamar Groswald Ozery on Corporate Ownership and Control under China's Party-state system, before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on “U.S. Investment in China’s Capital Markets and Military-Industrial Complex”

This Written Statement presents aspects in China's corporate governance framework, state corporate ownership and control, and the Chinese Communist Party's roles in corporate governance. It was submitted as part of a testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on “U.S. Investment in China’s Capital Markets and Military-Industrial Complex”. The statement presents my responses and views to questions raised by the Commission on the following subjects: - China’s government use of its shareholding capacity (Q1); - Rights afforded to the state as a shareholder vs. rights afforded to public shareholders (Q2); - Recent changes in China's corporate governance landscape (Q3); - The roles of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Committee in firms (Q4); - Assessment of recent U.S. restrictions on certain investments in China's capital markets (Q5); - Policy recommendations (Q6)
Eye movement strategies in face ethnicity categorization vs. face identification tasks.

Abstract A quick look at a face allows us to identify the person, their gender, and emotion. Humans direct their first eye movement towards points on the face that vary moderately across these common tasks and maximize performance. However, not known is the extent to which humans alter their oculomotor strategies to maximize accuracy in more specialized face categorization tasks. We studied the eye movements of Indian observers during a North vs. South Indian face categorization task and compared them to those in a person-identification task. We found that observers did not alter their first eye movement strategy for the ethnic categorization task, i.e., they directed their first fixations to a similar preferred point as in the person-identification task. To assess whether using a similar preferred point of fixation for both tasks resulted in a performance cost for the categorization task, we measured performance as a function of fixation position along the face. Fixating away from the preferred point of fixation reduced observer performance in the person identification task, but not in the ethnicity categorization task. We used computational modeling to assess whether the results could be explained by an interaction between the distribution of task information across the face and the foveated properties of the visual system. A foveated ideal observer analysis revealed a spatially more distributed task information and lower dependence of performance on the point of fixation for the ethnicity categorization task relative to the person identification. We conclude that, unlike the person identification task, humans can access the information for the ethnicity categorization task from various points of fixation. Thus, the observer strategy to utilize the typical person identification first eye movement for the ethnicity categorization task is a simple solution that incurs little or no performance cost.
Prevalence of Positive Cervical Cancer Screening Tests Past the Age of 65 Years With Prior Adequate Negative Screening.

Objectives Cervical cancer screening recommendations suggest that cessation can be offered above the age of 65 years if specific prior negative screening criteria are met. We investigated the prevalence of abnormal results in individuals who continue screening despite satisfying the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines for cessation. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, medical records 2008-2019 from a single urban hospital-based clinic were queried. Charts were manually reviewed to determine which patients met the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology exit criteria but continued screening. Findings detected during the extended surveillance period beyond the age of 65 years were analyzed. Results Two hundred ninety-six patients met the criteria of additional screening despite meeting guidelines for cessation. Length of the continued additional surveillance period ranged from 1 to 15 years with a mean of 3.98 years and median of 3 years. Thirty-nine individuals had abnormalities during additional surveillance: 25 high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) positive only with negative cytology, 8 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 3 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 2 atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance, and 1 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. No cases of cervical cancer were detected. Total rate of abnormalities including HR-HPV positive only was 332.20 per 10,000 person-years, and cytologic abnormalities alone at 119.25 per 10,000 person-years. Conclusions Most findings were HR-HPV positive with negative cytology, which studies suggest may confer low risk of progression in older individuals. In addition, no patient was found to develop cervical malignancy. Despite controversy regarding this recommendation, our data suggest screening cessation may be appropriate with adequate negative screening history.
Pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy in the older patient.

Background: The number of individuals aged 65 years and older is growing rapidly, and the majority of cancers are diagnosed in this age group. Age-related changes in physiology can affect chemotherapy pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in older patients. Methods: We review the literature regarding the impact of age on the pharmacokinetics of commonly used chemotherapy drugs and discuss age-related changes in physiology and pharmacology that can affect chemotherapy tolerance in older patients. Results: The data on age-related changes in chemotherapy pharmacokinetics are conflicting. While a few studies report age-related differences in chemotherapy pharmacokinetics, most found no significant difference or subtle differences in pharmacokinetics with aging. A difference in pharmacodynamics was commonly seen, however, with older patients at increased risk of myelosuppression and toxicity from age-related decline in organ function. The majority of these studies were performed in a small cohort of patients, thus limiting the generalizability of these results. Conclusions: Additional studies are needed to address the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cancer therapies in the older patient. Multicenter pharmacokinetic studies of adequate sample size, which include a thorough evaluation of physiologic factors and geriatric assessment parameters, would provide further insight into the factors affecting treatment tolerance. These studies would also help to guide appropriate chemotherapy dosing and interventions in order to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity in the older patient. Age influences pharmacokinetics
Rising property ownership among women in Kathmandu, Nepal: an exploration of causes and consequences

Pandey S. Rising property ownership among women in Kathmandu, Nepal: an exploration of causes and consequences Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 281–292 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. There is evidence that property ownership empowers women by increasing their self-confidence, ability to contribute to decisions, control over their reproductive behaviour, ability to borrow and economic independence. Yet, women around the world own negligible assets. It is not surprising that assets ownership among Nepalese women is insignificant. In urban areas of Nepal, however, women's assets holdings have increased dramatically over the last four decades. The article analyses the institutions that resulted in increased asset holdings among women in Kathmandu, Nepal, and shows how strategic action by some men and women has given rise to new norms which favour property ownership among women. The findings are based on a sample of 193 women who legally own property (home or land) in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Design and Usability Evaluation of Work Control Documentation

The present study develops a methodology for design and usability evaluation of work control documentation for aircraft inspection based on the application of human factors research in the areas of information design and aircraft inspection. A taxonomy for design of usable documentation was developed using four basic categories: Information Readability; Information Content; Information Organization; and Physical Handling and Environmental Factors. Within the framework of this taxonomy the existing work control documentation for two extreme representative conditions of aircraft inspection tasks, the A-check and the C-check was evaluated for usability. Issues for workcard redesign were identified within this taxonomy using data from usability evaluation and these were then formulated into a set of 49 guidelines for design. These guidelines were then used to develop alternate design solutions offering improved usability. The increase in usability of the redesigned documentation was measured in an on-site emp...
Application of data assimilation with the Root Zone Water Quality Model for soil moisture profile estimation in the upper Cedar Creek, Indiana

Data assimilation techniques have been proven as an effective tool to improve model forecasts by combining information about observed variables in many areas. This article examines the potential of assimilating surface soil moisture observations into a field-scale hydrological model, the Root Zone Water Quality Model, to improve soil moisture estimation. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), a popular data assimilation technique for nonlinear systems, was applied and compared with a simple direct insertion method. In situ soil moisture data at four different depths (5, 20, 40, and 60 cm) from two agricultural fields (AS1 and AS2) in northeastern Indiana were used for assimilation and validation purposes. Through daily update, the EnKF improved soil moisture estimation compared with the direct insertion method and model results without assimilation, having more distinct improvement at the 5 and 20 cm depths than for deeper layers (40 and 60 cm). Local vertical soil property heterogeneity in AS1 deteriorated soil moisture estimates with the EnKF. Removal of systematic bias in the forecast model was found to be critical for more successful soil moisture data assimilation studies. This study also demonstrates that a more frequent update generally contributes in enhancing the open loop simulation; however, large forecasting error can prevent more frequent update from providing better results. In addition, results indicate that various ensemble sizes make little difference in the assimilation results. An ensemble of 100 members produced results that were comparable with results obtained from larger ensembles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchial and reverse pulmonary venous blood flow protect the lung from ischemia-reperfusion injury

We used an intact in vivo canine model of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury to evaluate whether the bronchial circulation or reverse pulmonary venous blood flow would protect the lung from injury during 2 h of unilateral pulmonary arterial (PA) occlusion and lung deflation. Serial measurements of regional extravascular density and transcapillary protein flux were made after reperfusion by using the quantitative imaging technique of positron emission tomography. Twenty-one animals were divided into four experimental groups. In all experimental groups, the left PA was clamped and the left lung was allowed to collapse and remain unventilated for a period of 2 h. In addition, in group I (n = 5) the left bronchial circulation was disrupted and the left pulmonary veins were clamped, in group II (n = 5) the bronchial circulation and the pulmonary veins were left intact, in group III (n = 6) the bronchial circulation was left intact but the pulmonary veins were clamped, and in group IV (n = 5) the bronchial circulation was disrupted but the pulmonary veins remained patent. The rate of protein flux in the left lung was increased only in group I (complete ischemia with lung deflation) [mean 195 x 10(-4) min-1 (range 85–453 x 10(-4) min-1) at 0.25 h and 114 x 10(-4) min-1 (range 22–200 x 10(-4) min-1) at 3 h] after reventilation and PA reperfusion (normal = 49 +/- 31 x 10(-4) min-1). Extravascular density increased significantly from 0.25 to 3 h only in group I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The use of invertebrate functional groups to characterize ecosystem attributes in selected streams and rivers in south Brazil

An analysis conducted at nine stream/river sites in the Atlantic Forest region in the State of Parana, Brazil used macroinvertebrate functional feeding group (FFG) assessments to evaluate ecological condition of the sites. The FFG approach categorizes qualitative macroinvertebrate collections according to their morphological-behavioral adaptations for food acquisition (e.g. scrapers that harvest non-filamentous, attached algae from stable surfaces in flowing water). FFG ratios were employed as surrogates for stream/river ecosystem attributes: balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy; linkage between riparian inputs of coarse particulate organic matter and in-stream food webs; relative dominance of fine particulate organic matter in transport (suspended load) compared to that deposited in the sediments; and geomorphic stability of the channel. The analyses indicated that all nine sites were heterotrophic, six of the nine carried expected levels of suspended organic load and showed below expected linkage...
OPERATING IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC MNPS AIRSPACE.

This paper considers the issue of operating aircraft through the North Atlantic's Minimum Navigation Performance Specification (MNPS) airspace. Noting that aircraft constantly strive for reduced fuel burn and uplift, it describes how flight operators and pilots conduct safe, efficient flights through the region. Reference is made to mechanisms of the North Atlantic MNPS airspace in terms of its Organized Track Structure and other routes that exist. These different structures emphasize the level of flexibility available. Flight planning procedures and requirements necessary to obtain oceanic Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearances are mentioned, as is an account of how communication and position reporting procedures operate to apply the Mach Number technique. Other aspects of MNPS operations such as ETOPS operational restrictions, meteorological effects, the employment of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima and planned regional changes aim to provide an overview of the MNPS system's current and future air traffic management.