cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis in men.

Osteoporosis in men has not received much attention compared to that directed at the skeletal morbidity of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The available literature and an evaluation of 47 men referred to our metabolic bone disease clinic present arguments that causes for secondary osteoporosis can be identified in most instances, Major causes include hypogo-nadism, hyperglucocorticoidism, and alcohol abuse. Primary osteoporosis in men is idiopathic and has heterogeneous features. At present, no controlled, randomized therapeutic trials have been reported in men with osteoporosis. Improved screening for early detection and prevention of bone loss is needed in men with disorders, lifestyles, and/or medications that cause bone loss. Further investigations of primary osteoporosis should lead to identification of mechanisms of bone loss that can be prevented.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: perspectives of adult and pediatric gastroenterologists.

To survey pediatric (PGI) and adult gastroenterologists (AGI) regarding their perceptions about the etiology, diagnosis, and management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and to assess whether differences in the clinical approach to EoE exist between these subspecialists. A 21-item survey related to EoE was emailed to PGI who subscribe to the PEDSGI Bulletin Board, and to two AGI per Electoral College vote in the US, randomly selected from each state. The survey was voluntary, and consent was assumed based on survey submission. The responses were submitted anonymously and results compiled in a secure Web site. A total of 249 physicians from across the globe responded to the survey, 68% of whom were PGI. The majority of respondents worked primarily in an academic institution or teaching hospital. Respondents revealed diagnosing an average of six cases (median 8, range 0-30) of EoE in the past 6 months. Ninety-two percent of AGI who see a patient with dysphagia and suspected EoE proceed to endoscopy with biopsies, compared to only 54% of PGI (P or =20 per high power field (hpf) in esophageal biopsies. Seventy-seven percent of PGI but only 16% of AGI reported routine referral of patients for food allergy evaluation (P < 0.05). While 77% PGI and 91% of AGI would rely on a symptom-based follow-up, 27% PGI versus 9% AGI follow patients with biopsies according to a pre-determined schedule and another 38% repeat biopsies as needed, versus 15% AGI. This survey exposes a few inconsistencies among gastroenterologists in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with EoE. The currently available practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of EoE are largely based on retrospective studies and expert opinion. The results of this survey suggest that a collaborative effort based on robust research is required upon us to develop evidence for how we care for these patients.
Two kinds of deviance

In this paper I argue that there can be genuine (as opposed to merely verbal) disputes about whether a sentence form is logically true or an argument form is valid. I call such disputes ‘cases of deviance’, of which I distinguish a weak and a strong form. Weak deviance holds if one disputant is right and the other wrong, but the available evidence is insufficient to determine which is which. Strong deviance holds if there is no fact of the matter. In section 2 I argue that weak deviance need not be trivial and may even be interesting. Section 3 considers what it could mean to say that logic is determined by a theory, especially a theory of meaning, an idea that arises in section 2. In section 4 I discuss the dispute between classical and relevance logicians over entailment and argue that it is a case of strong deviance. Finally, in section 5 I show that the result of the previous section is not absolute but relative to the background logic used in reaching it.
New developments in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Since Dr. Andreas Gruentzig performed the first angioplasty procedure in a human in 1977, 39 the technology and techniques of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have developed considerably. Until relatively recently, balloon angioplasty performed in the presence of adjunctive therapy with aspirin and heparin has been the only widely available percutaneous revascularization modality. A number of new devices have been adopted into everyday clinical practice, including stents, atherectomy catheters, and others. The use of new pharmacologic agents as adjuncts to interventional procedures, particularly glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists, also has become standard. In addition, although the intra-aortic balloon pump is not a new device, the use of balloon pumps and other circulatory support devices in selected high-risk patients undergoing coronary intervention has grown. Patient selection for percutaneous revascularization has changed considerably. PCI now is performed commonly in many patients who generally were not treated with PCI in the past, including patients with acute myocardial infarction or multivessel disease. Finally, although this article is limited to therapeutic approaches for coronary artery disease, it should be recognized that the scope of percutaneous intervention now extends to procedures involving the carotid arteries, peripheral arteries, and the aorta.
Detection and Discrimination of Small, Brief Lights: Variable Tuning of Opponent Channels

Abstract There is disagreement as to how closely the properties of the pathways that detect small spots resemble the properties of the achromatic system. Spectral sensitivities for small, brief lights show a single, relatively broadband peak similar to the achromatic spectral sensitivity. The lights also appear relatively desaturated near threshold. However, recent field sensitivity data (Finkelstein and Hood, 1981, 1982) have shown that opponent mechanisms are either directly involved in detecting small spots, or they interact with, and desensitize, a strictly achromatic detection pathway. The test sensitivity, test mixture and wavelength discrimination data of the present study support the first alternative; they implicate opponent (chromatic) mechanisms in the detection of small, brief lights. However, the data cannot be fit by the same opponent systems used to fit large-test data. They suggest instead an hypothesis in which large and small lights are detected by opponent mechanisms that change their spectral tuning with changes in stimulus parameters.
Regional atherosclerotic plaque properties in ApoE-/- mice quantified by atomic force, immunofluorescence, and light microscopy.

Elucidating regional material properties of arterial tissue is fundamental to predicting transmural stresses and understanding how tissue stiffness influences cellular responses and vice versa. Atomic
A data architecture for consumer RFID applications

We are developing a large-scale experimental testbed for consumer applications of long-range passive RFID tags. Unlike supply-chain applications, in the consumer space we must pay much more attention to issues of privacy. Our data architecture emphasizes these concerns and implements two basic models: one based on local broadcast of tag reads and another based on archival of transformed tag reads on a centralized server. Our data architecture allows tags to be limited to particular applications and can be used to develop higher level events for use by application logic. We report on our experience in developing our system and highlight several lessons we have learned in the process as well as describing a few applications we are developing that demonstrate the need for the various features.(Joint work with Waylon Brunette, Justin Cutter, Jonathan Scoles, and Robert Spies.)
A Temperature-Dependent Developmental Model for a Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus of the Velvetbean Caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)'

Abstract Developmental times and rates of nucleopolyhedrosis virus infection in third-instar velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, larvae were studied in the laboratory at a variety of constant and variable temperatures. Developmental time was considered to be time from inoculation until death. Viral infection exhibited a temperature optimum of ca. 30°C and was inhibited at 10 and 40°C. Mean developmental time of the virus ranged from 18.1 days (15°C) to 5.5 days (30°C). Means and standard deviations of viral developmental rates (= development time−1) were used as inputs into a previously derived absolute reaction rate model designed to generate a set of kinetic constants usable in predicting developmental times. Actual distributions of viral cohort developmental times were compared to distributions generated by the model. Reasonable agreement between predicted and actual distributions was found at three of four temperatures tested.
Assembly line with flexible work-force

SUMMARY The inherent advantages of a flexible work-force have been brought to the forefront by innovative manufacturing techniques developed by the Japanese. The flexible work-force presents new opportunities for operating assembly lines, including the possibility of manning a line with fewer operators than stations. A method for determining a flexible work-force assignment and buffer capacity that operates at or near minimum cost is presented. The method, OFRO (organizing flexible, rotating operators), allows an assembly line to operate with fewer operators than stations.
Increasing the Probability of Developing Affordable Systems by Maximizing and Adapting the Solution Space

Abstract The present research suggests that the size of the solution space, which for a given set of stakeholder needs is delimited by system requirements, relates to the probability of finding affordable solutions. As a result, the effectiveness of tradespace exploration techniques is limited by its size and internal ordering. Therefore, we suggest that there exist models to elicit and use requirements that, for a given set older needs, could facilitate the maximization of the solutionof stakehspace so that the probability of finding more affordable solutions during tradespace exploration is also maximized.The present research proposes a mathematical model of the requirements elicitation process that facilitates defining performance objectives for the requirements elicitation process in striving for system affordability. The uniqueness of this research lays on two elements. First, the requirements elicitation process is mathematically modeled so that their objectives with respect to the effects on the solution space can be mathematically, and thus rigorously, described. Second, the system of interest focuses on the definition of the solutionspace as a driver for system affordability instead of on its actual exploration. The present research closes therefore the loop between stakeholder needs, system requirements, solutionspaces, and system affordability. The results of the present research are generalized to discrete requirements, fuzzy requirements, and continuous requirements or value functions.
Youth searching online: an investigation of gender influence

Questions relating to gender and technology are important cultural issues in our society and the design of educational programs for children depends on accurate information about this aspect of our culture. The changing information landscape and highly technological environment of 21st century schools is one where the Internet has become a significant source of information to support class-based work. Yet, there is little current research that specifically investigates how students search for information online and the various factors than can influence this process. One of these factors is gender. As technology's presence in our society increases, school librarians and educators need research to inform their instruction in preparing students to be effective online information seekers. This poster presents in-progress research investigating children's online information seeking behavior through the cultural lens of gender in order to further the understanding of how youth seek information online and aid school librarians' efforts in developing effective instruction.
Determination of Phase Composition of MCM-48/Lamellar Phase Mixtures Using Nitrogen Adsorption and Thermogravimetry

It is shown that gas adsorption and thermogravimetry are suitable for the determination of the phase composition of MCM-48/lamellar phase mixtures, which often are formed at different stages of the MCM-48 synthesis. The occurrence of the lamellar phase can be easily detected by analyzing as-synthesized materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, it is not convenient to use this technique to quantify the composition of MCM-48/lamellar mixtures because of the overlap of the characteristic XRD peaks of these two phases and an inherent difficulty in applying the quantitative analysis for materials with amorphous frameworks presenting solely low-angle XRD peaks due to the long-range ordering of the pore arrays. On the other hand, the quantification of the lamellar phase in MCM-48/lamellar mixtures can be readily achieved by fitting the nitrogen adsorption isotherm for the calcined mixed phase with a linear combination of nitrogen adsorption isotherms for pure calcined MCM-48 and pure calcined (collapsed) la...
2003 Carolyn Sherif Award Address: What College Women Do And Do Not Experience As Rape

College women who did (n = 33) and did not (n = 56) label their sexual assault experience as rape provided written descriptions of their sexual assaults. From these descriptions we identified eight different sexual assault situations. Women who labeled their experience as rape were most likely to have been assaulted forcefully by an acquaintance, awakened to an acquaintance performing sexual acts on them, or experienced the assault as a child. Women were least likely to call their experience rape if they submitted to a whining, begging boyfriend, gave in to a man because of being emotionally needy, were assaulted by a boyfriend, were severely impaired by alcohol or drugs and unable to resist, or were forced to engage in oral or digital sex. Observers who read these descriptions generally agreed with the victims regarding whether or not the experience constituted rape, although they could not agree on whether or not forced oral or digital intercourse or forced intercourse by a boyfriend constituted rape.
Long-term culture of bovine trophoblastic cells

Procedures for the isolation and cultivation of bovine cotyledonary trophoblastic cells from early second trimester placentas are described. Collagenase digestion yielded a single cell suspension of both uninucleate and binucleate cells with minimal contamination with other cell types. Optimal growth conditions were obtained through supplementation of medium with epidermal growth factor, insulin, transferrin, and selenium. Trophoblastic cells survived multiple passages, cryopreservation, and serum deprivation and have been maintained in culture for more than 14 mo. Two cell types were identified by phase microscopy: uninucleated trophoblastic cells and trophoblastic giant cells, which were predominantly binucleate cells. Binucleate cells were present in small numbers through all passages. This procedure provides a reliable method to obtain trophoblastic cell lines for studies of trophoblastic cell physiology and susceptibility to infectious and toxic agents.
Motoneuron model of self-sustained firing after spinal cord injury

Under many conditions spinal motoneurons produce plateau potentials, resulting in self-sustained firing and providing a mechanism for translating short-lasting synaptic inputs into long-lasting motor output. During the acute-stage of spinal cord injury (SCI), the endogenous ability to generate plateaus is lost; however, during the chronic-stage of SCI, plateau potentials reappear with prolonged self-sustained firing that has been implicated in the development of spasticity. In this work, we extend previous modeling studies to systematically investigate the mechanisms underlying the generation of plateau potentials in motoneurons, including the influences of specific ionic currents, the morphological characteristics of the soma and dendrite, and the interactions between persistent inward currents and synaptic input. In particular, the goal of these computational studies is to explore the possible interactions between morphological and electrophysiological changes that occur after incomplete SCI. Model results predict that some of the morphological changes generally associated with the chronic-stage for some types of spinal cord injuries can cause a decrease in self-sustained firing. This and other computational results presented here suggest that the observed increases in self-sustained firing following some types of SCI may occur mainly due to changes in membrane conductances and changes in synaptic activity, particularly changes in the strength and timing of inhibition.
Dynamic analysis of flutter in disk type mechanical heart valve prostheses.

Abstract Parametric study of the low frequency oscillations occasionally observed in certain types of disc type prosthetic heart valves (PHV) are carried out using a finite element technique. The analysis is performed to determine the frequencies of the dynamic fluttering with the help of the ‘ANSYS’ computer program. The results show that the frequencies of the dynamic fluttering for both the circular occluders and the semi-circular occluders are at least two orders of magnitude higher than that observed in vivo . It is thus concluded that the clinically observed leaflet oscillations should not be a dynamic flutter phenomenon. Rather, the vortex shedding has been assumed to be the cause of these oscillations.
National trends in concomitant psychotropic medication with stimulants in pediatric visits: practice versus knowledge.

Objectives: (1) To examine U.S. national trends in the use of concomitant pharmacotherapy with the stimulant class of psychotropic drugs in youth; and (2) to present these trends in the context of (a) extant safety and efficacy data, and (b) overall trends in concomitant pharmacotherapy with psychotropic drugs for youth.Methods: Prescribing data for youths under age 18 years from National Ambulatory Medical Surveys from 1993 to 1998 were analyzed. The visits were categorized into monotherapy (only one psychotropic prescribed) and concomitant pharmacotherapy (>1 psychotropic prescribed). The proportions of these groups were computed as a percentage of all visits during which a psychotropic medication was prescribed. Differences in proportions between surveys were analyzed to determine trends.Results: Between 1993-94 and 1997-98, the proportions of visits for concomitant pharmacotherapy in association with the stimulant class increased nearly five-fold. This increase paralleled an overall increase in the pr...
Apollo 12 Lunar Module exhaust plume impingement on Lunar Surveyor III

Abstract Understanding plume impingement by retrorockets on the surface of the Moon is paramount for safe lunar outpost design in NASA’s planned return to the Moon for the Constellation Program. Visual inspection, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and surface scanned topology have been used to investigate the damage to the Lunar Surveyor III spacecraft that was caused by the Apollo 12 Lunar Module’s close proximity landing. Two parts of the Surveyor III craft returned by the Apollo 12 astronauts, Coupons 2050 and 2051, which faced the Apollo 12 landing site, show that a fine layer of lunar regolith coated the materials and was subsequently removed by the Apollo 12 Lunar Module landing rocket. The coupons were also pitted by the impact of larger soil particles with an average of 103 pits/cm 2 . The average entry size of the pits was 83.7 μm (major diameter) × 74.5 μm (minor diameter) and the average estimated penetration depth was 88.4 μm. Pitting in the surface of the coupons correlates to removal of lunar fines and is likely a signature of lunar material imparting localized momentum/energy sufficient to cause cracking of the paint. Comparison with the lunar soil particle size distribution and the optical density of blowing soil during lunar landings indicates that the Surveyor III spacecraft was not exposed to the direct spray of the landing Lunar Module, but instead experienced only the fringes of the spray of soil. Had Surveyor III been exposed to the direct spray, the damage would have been orders of magnitude higher.
Fibre-optic voltage sensor using an optical lever

A new type of linear voltage sensor, able to measure constant and alternating voltage in a wide frequency and amplitude range, is presented. The sensor is based on a bending piezoelectric-motor element with an optical fibre attached to it. The deflection of the fibre is sensed by an optical lever and a linear position photosensor. The sensor has a dynamic range of over three decades (71 dB), linearity error less than 0.1% and variable upper amplitude and frequency range. The simple and flexible design allows the proposed sensor to have almost any desired response and sensitivity. It is used mainly for monitoring constant, low- and medium-frequency voltages in power-utility applications.
SEROLOGICALLY REACTIVE POLYSACCHARIDES PRODUCED THROUGH THE ACTION OF BACTERIAL ENZYMES : I. DEXTRAN OF LEUCONOSTOC MESENTEROIDES FROM SUCROSE.

A serologically reactive polysaccharide of dextran nature was produced from sucrose by the action of some enzyme or similar heat-labile agent contained in sterile filtered extracts derived from sucrose broth cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Rigorous controls were included to prove that this reaction occurred in the absence of microorganisms. Purified preparations of the dextran formed by the sterile extracts were similar to the dextran elaborated in sucrose broth cultures of the bacteria in respect to both chemical and serological properties. The serological likeness was established not only by tests against leuconostoc antiserums but also by cross reactions with antiserums of Types 2, 20, and 12 pneumococci and by tests against a series of variously absorbed antiserums.
Discussion: Determination of the Reactive Area of Organic Coated Metals Using the Breakpoint Method

Abstract F. Mansfeld discusses “Determination of the Reactive Area of Organic Coated Metals Using the Breakpoint Method,” by F. Deflorian, L. Fedrizzi, and P.L. Bonora, which was published in Corro...
Dual couplings of the cloned 5-HT1A receptor to both adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C is mediated via the same Gi protein

Abstract The coloned 5-HT 1A receptor, stably expressed in HeLa cells, has been shown to mediate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to inhibit cAMP formation and to stimulate the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol. Both responses were found to be pertussis toxin sensitive. We have examined these two responses in membranes derived from these cells and show that the 5-HT 1A receptor can directly regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C in response to agonist. In order to examine whether the same or distinct guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein(s) (G protein) are involved in these two signal transduction pathways, we used anti-peptide antibodies recognizing the α-subunits of G i1 , G i2 , G i3 as specific tools, since these pertussis toxin substrates are expressed in HeLa cells. These antibodies have previously been shown to prevent receptor-G protein coupling by binding to the regions of G proteins which are putatively involved in interaction with receptors. Our results indicate that the G i proteins, but preferentially G 3 , mediate the effects of 5-HT both to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and to stimulate phospholipase C. These findings demonstrate that the same receptor interacting with the same C protein can regulate several distinct effector molecules.
The status of criminal justice ph.d. programs in higher education

Abstract Criminal justice as an academic discipline has grown and developed remarkably in the last thirty years. Reflection on its current status within academe is an important part of the assessment process for a relatively new discipline. One indication of the acceptance of a new discipline and its integration and legitimacy in higher education is the presence of Ph.D. granting programs. This study reports on some aspects of those program locations and finds them to be small in number and hosted by public institutions. Institutions of higher education that are regarded as highly prestigious in general do not host Ph.D. criminal justice programs, and those academic institutions that host prestigious Ph.D. programs in the social and behavioral sciences do not host a large percentage of the doctoral programs in criminal justice.
Synapse Development: Up the junction

alpha-Dystroglycan has been suggested to be the receptor for agrin, an extracellular glycoprotein that signals postsynaptic differentiation at the neuromuscular junction, but it may not have the necessary specificity.
Producing film heritage

This essay asks how digital remediation affects the memory of celluloid, understood as an analog medium. What are the cultural consequences of digitizing old screen media? Do such practices contribute to celluloid's obsolescence – or do they increase its cult value? What role does the multiplex play in the heritage boom? The author considers the centenary as a commemorative effort that cannot be seen in isolation from a neoliberal revaluation of the silver screen.
SU‐E‐T‐825: Influence of the Multileaf Collimator Step Size in Step&shoot IMRT for Head&neck Treatments

Purpose: The purpose was to analyze the influence of the step size during head&neck IMRT treatments. Methods: Ten patients with head&neck IMRT treatment plan were selected. Treatment plans were done using nine 6MV photon‐beams on a Primus linac (Siemens) with Optifocus MLC (10mm leaf width) and a dose rate of 200MU/min. The TPS used was Konrad v2.2 (Siemens) with leaves step size of 10, 5 and 3mm. For each step‐size, plans were evaluated in terms of MU, segments number, treatment time, PTV's (66Gy and 50Gy) dose uniformity and OAR (parotids and spinal cord) doses. Variations between measured and calculated total plan doses were obtained using solid water phantom and PTW PinPoint ionization chamber. Results: The MU number for 10mm step‐size plans was 624 [495,770] and increased 51% [36%, 87%] for 5mm and 124% [93%, 171%] for 3mm. The segments number for 10mm step‐size plans was 111 [99,129] and increased 41% [27%, 52%] for 5mm and 102% [71%, 125%] for 3mm. The treatment time for 10mm step‐size plans was 11.47min [11.08min, 12.45min] and increased 24% [9%, 33%] for 5mm and 65% [27%, 74%] for 3mm. Reducing the step‐size from 10mm to 5mm leads to better PTV_66Gy dose uniformity within ICRU50 tolerance (no difference observed between 5mm and 3mm). Step‐size diminution from 10mm to 3mm leads to a better coverage of PTV_50Gy especially in patient surface regions. For all the studied plans there are no differences in the parotids mean doses and spinal cord maximum dose. The variation between measured and calculated doses was 1.1% for 10mm step‐size. It increased 1.7% and 2.4% for 5mm and 3mm respectively. Conclusions: Using 10mm step‐size produces plans with adequate OAR doses. PTV Dose uniformity and volume coverage could be improved by 5mm step‐size whereas 3mm step‐size produces larger treatment times without advantages in dose distribution.
Science and the Large Hadron Collider: a probe into instrumentation, periodization and classification

On September 19, 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Switzerland, began the world’s highest energy experiments as a probe into the structure of matter and forces of nature. Just nine days after the gala start-up, an explosion occurred in the LHC tunnel that brought the epic collider to a complete standstill. In light of the catastrophic incident that disrupted the operation of the LHC, the paper investigates the relation of temporality to the cycle of work in science, and raises the question: What kind of methodological value should we ascribe to events such as crises or breakdowns? Drawing upon and integrating classical anthropological themes with two and a half years of fieldwork at the LHC particle accelerator complex, the paper explores how the incident in September, which affected the instrument, acquaints us with the distribution of work in the laboratory. The incident discloses that the organization of science is not a homogenous ensemble, but marked by an enormous diversity of tasks and personnel, at the heart of which lies the opposition of theory and practice, or pure and applied. This opposition not only forms the source and sanction of the intricate division of labor found in high-energy physics, but also provides a satisfactory answer to every question involving the interface of experimental science and engineering skill.
Embodied data objects: tangible interfaces to information appliances

This paper describes the idea of embodied data objects. Using this concept, everyday objects can be used to represent bits and bytes of active information. These data objects can be used to interact with information-appliance-like devices that provide specific services as dictated by the context of interaction. The inherent affordances of physical artifacts are leveraged to make the interaction with these service-oriented devices intuitive and natural. We describe the idea of embodied data objects, followed by the design and implementation of two such service-oriented devices: a presentation projector and a printer.
Self organizing maps for class discovery in the quantitative colocalization analysis feature space

Quantitative colocalization analysis in fluorescent microscopy imaging is a promising procedure used to perform functional protein analysis. Images acquired are degraded, and the features extracted are affected by this degradation. Moreover, the classification of the data becomes uncertain. In this paper, we address an application of SOM to a clustering problem formulated via feature extraction from multichannel fluorescence microscopy. First we describe the features that are extracted. Second, we use the PCA/KLT to uncorrelate the data in the hyperplane; and Third, SOM network is trained to find and visualize the clusters (classes) in the data. The SOM model shows the existence of two classes, implying it is possible to design a classifier that distinguishes between images with colocalized structures and without them. We provide quantitative proof of the liability and discriminant capabilities of the feature space.
Calibration-free rolling shutter removal

We present a novel algorithm for efficient removal of rolling shutter distortions in uncalibrated streaming videos. Our proposed method is calibration free as it does not need any knowledge of the camera used, nor does it require calibration using specially recorded calibration sequences. Our algorithm can perform rolling shutter removal under varying focal lengths, as in videos from CMOS cameras equipped with an optical zoom. We evaluate our approach across a broad range of cameras and video sequences demonstrating robustness, scaleability, and repeatability. We also conducted a user study, which demonstrates preference for the output of our algorithm over other state-of-the art methods. Our algorithm is computationally efficient, easy to parallelize, and robust to challenging artifacts introduced by various cameras with differing technologies.
Finite Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics

In this paper I wish to report on a continuing investigation of relativistic quantum theory which is free from mathematical absurdities, in agreement with physical results and is conceptually satisfactory. [1] While the results so far obtained in the theory are encouraging and are of general applicability to strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, for a variety of reasons I will confine my attention to finite quantum electrodynamics. Even apart from the primary concern of this Conference, electrodynamics is the prototype of all field theories. It is universal and it has been the beginning of our understanding of the quantum nature of the primary constituents of the universe. Moreover, quantum electrodynamics has made many remarkable quantitative predictions like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift. At a conceptual level quantum electrodynamics reconciles the principles of statistical mechanics with the existence of systems with infinite number of degrees of freedom; and demonstrates that virtual quantum field theoretic processes are real enough to produce observed quantitative physical effects.
PERSPECTIVES ON THE AMERICAN STUDENT MOVEMENT

The sources of student discontent are the major concern of this paper. It is argued that a major source of this discontent is the alienation (in the Marxist sense) of intellectual labor. Arguments that point to the growth of the multiversity and to the growth of a "liberated generation" are shown to be compatible with and subsumed by this approach. Arguments that point to general political and social issues as the main causes of student unrest are held to be inadequate since they fail to answer the question of why students are so much more active than other possible constituencies. Implications of this analysis for Barrington Moore's theories about the wellsprings of freedom and for Dahrendorf's model of preconditions for organization are discussed.
A multiuser networked system for the large scale study of coronary artery restenosis using quantitative and qualitative coronary angiography

A multi-user system capable of assessing the changes induced from interventional procedures such as coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is assembled using quantitative coronary angiography coupled with the visual assessment of twenty morphological descriptors as input to a relational database, for a large epidemiology study or for use on a routine basis in a high volume clinical environment. Pre- and post-PTCA studies along with six-month follow-up studies from an initial 600 patients have been processed by this system in the initial three months of use. With the creation of the multi-user digital imaging system, quantitative coronary angiography, coupled with a library of defined qualitative lesion descriptors, can be performed rapidly on a large number of patients. Carefully performed analyses of existing patient databases and the acquisition of lesion morphology data coupled with quantitative coronary angiography will provide useful information in determining the efficacy of interventional and pharmacologic procedures in coronary artery disease. This system is suited to define detailed lesion descriptors that impact on either the progression or regression of coronary artery disease over time. >
Hardware-software co-adaptation for data-intensive embedded applications

By studying energy and performance behavior of six array-dominated benchmarks, we observed that each nest in these applications works best with a specific cache configuration and optimization strategy. We also observed that cache configurations and optimization strategies required by different nests are, in general, different from each other. Based on this observation, in this paper, we propose a search space-based optimization for reducing energy consumption and improving performance. Specifically, we study potential benefits of a hardware-software co-adaptation scheme where cache configuration and optimization strategy are modified in the course of execution. Note that this is one step beyond determining just a suitable combination of (optimized) code/cache configuration which is valid throughout the execution of the application. The idea in co-adaptation is to ensure that each nested loop works with a cache configuration most suitable for it from the perspective of a given objective criterion. It should be noted, however, that dynamic cache reconfiguration does not come for free; it has both energy and performance costs which also need to be accounted for.
Spinal Meningioma Resection

eningiomas represent the second most common primary central nervous system tumor after glioblastoma M multiforme (4). The majority of meningiomas are found within the skull, but they occur in the spine in approximately 12% of cases (11). They represent 20%e25% of all primary spine tumors and are second in prevalence to peripheral nerve sheath tumors (1). Although they usually are located in the thoracic spine, they may affect any spinal level (1). Meningiomas have the greatest incidence in middle-aged women, and risk factors include exposure to ionizing radiation, hormone-replacement therapy, and deletions of the neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene (2, 3, 5, 7).
Niggers no more: a critical race counternarrative on Black male student achievement at predominantly White colleges and universities

A methodological approach popularized by critical race theorists is used in this article to oppose dominant discourse concerning the social and educational status of Black men in America. Specifically, this counternarrative on student achievement was derived from face‐to‐face individual interviews with 143 Black male undergraduates at 30 predominantly White colleges and universities across the USA. Exemplified via five composites constructed from the overall sample are resistant responses to subordination and racist stereotyping; confrontations with the cyclical reproduction of low expectations for Black male leadership and achievement; and an industrious rejection of what I refer to throughout the article as ‘niggering’. Also offered herein are implications for postsecondary faculty, administrators, and researchers.
Processes in Caldera-Forming High-Silica Rhyolite Magma: Rb^Sr and Pb Isotope Systematics of the Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff, Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA

The 1·60Ma Otowi Member of the BandelierTuff is a chemically and isotopically zoned high-silica rhyolite ignimbrite with subchondritic concentrations of Sr. Sanidine phenocrysts and glasses from early erupted to late-erupted tuff exhibit systematic large variations in Sr/Sr (0·70519^0·70947) and small ranges in Pb isotope ratios (Pb/Pb1⁄417·795^17·835). In all but the earliest-erupted tuff, sanidine phenocrysts are zoned with relatively Srand Ba-rich overgrowths on Srand Ba-poor cores.We estimate sodic sanidine/ melt partition coefficients for Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba and Pb to aid in understanding the origins of the elemental and isotopic variations. Isotopic heterogeneity is observed within single pieces of pumice, single quartz^sanidine glomerocrysts and single crystals. At the observed high values of Rb/Sr ( 1000) caused by the extreme Sr depletion, radiogenic ingrowth or contamination of the magma by small amounts of country-rock could both be responsible for elevated Sr/Sr.The Pb isotope variations cannot be due to ingrowth and unequivocally indicate open-system behavior. Among the sanidine phenocrysts, positive correlations of Sr/Sr vs Rb/Sr superficially resemble isochrons but are better modelled as mixing arrays; at least three such arrays, corresponding to three distinct magmatic recharge events, can be identified.The latest event may have played a role in destabilizing the system and triggering eruption. In all cases the recharging magma was another high-silica rhyolite only slightly less depleted in Sr.These relationships are explained by a model that starts with a crystal-poor high-silica rhyolite melt lens overlying a sanidineþ quartz crystal pile. Successive melting events within the crystal pile and mixing of new and old melts (recharge) causes isotopic and chemical zoning in the main melt lens and short length scale disequilibrium in the crystal pile. A late episode of quartz crystallization may have captured inclusions of melt that had been additionally contaminated by Precambrian granitoid country-rock as the magma began the upward journey that culminated in eruption.
Intelligent star tracker

Current state-of-the-art commercial star sensors typically weigh 15 pounds, attain 5 to 10 arc-second accuracy, and use roughly 10 watts of power. Unfortunately, the current state-of-the-art commercial star sensors do not meet many of NASA's next-generation spacecraft and instrument needs. Nor do they satisfy Air Force's needs for micro/nano-satellite systems. In an effort to satisfy micro/nano satellite mission needs the Air Force Research Laboratory is developing an intelligent star Tracker, called IntelliStar, which incorporates several novel technologies including Silicon carbide optical housing, MEMs based adaptive optic technologies, smart active pixels, and algebraic coding theory. The design considerations associated with the development of the IntelliStar system are presented along with experimental results which characterize each technologies contribution to overall system performance. In addition to being light weight, the IntelliStar System offers advantages in speed, size, power consumption, and radiation tolerance.
Can vestibular caloric stimulation be used to treat apotemnophilia

Summary Apotemnophilia, or body integrity image disorder (BIID), is characterised by a feeling of mismatch between the internal feeling of how one’s body should be and the physical reality of how it actually is. Patients with this condition have an often overwhelming desire for an amputation- of a specific limb at a specific level. Such patients are not psychotic or delusional, however, they do express an inexplicable emotional abhorrence to the limb they wish removed. It is also known that such patients show a left-sided preponderance for their desired amputation. Often they take drastic action to be rid of the offending limb. Given the left-sided bias, emotional rejection and specificity of desired amputation, we suggest that there are clear similarities to be drawn between BIID and somatoparaphrenia. In this rare condition, which follows a right parietal stroke, the patient rejects (usually) his left arm as ‘‘alien’’. We go on to hypothesis that a dysfunction of the right parietal lobe is also the cause of BIID. We suggest that this leads to an uncoupling of the construct of one’s body image in the right parietal lobe from how one’s body physically is. This hypothesis would be amenable to testing by response to cold-water vestibular caloric stimulation, which is known to temporarily treat somatoparaphrenia. It could also be investigated using functional brain imaging and skin conductance response. If correct our hypothesis not only suggests why BIID arises, but also, in caloric stimulation a therapeutic avenue for this chronic and essentially untreatable condition. c 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ROSEOFLAVIN AS A BLUE LIGHT RECEPTOR ANALOG: SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION

— The blue light absorption band of roseoflavin is polarized along the axis roughly connecting N3-C8 positions. A weak, second ππ* transition with a polarization angle of ca. 25° is hidden under the short wavelength side of the blue absorption band. The excited state of roseoflavin is somewhat more basic than the ground state, by a 1.5 pKa unit. The fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of roseoflavin are substantially lower than those of other flavins, thus making it kinetically less efficient as a blue light photoreceptor.
Segregation in Twin Roll Strip Cast Steels and the Effect on Mechanical Properties

Strips of low carbon steels containing high contents of P and Cu have been produced by twin roll strip casting. The as-cast strips containing more than 0.1 mass% P exhibited obvious inverse surface segregation, which was difficult to be eliminated by the subsequent annealing treatments. After cold rolling and annealing treatment at 625°C for 30 min, the strip containing 0.1 mass% P exhibited similar plastic deformation and rupture behaviors with the strip containing 0.01% P, showing no obvious deteriorating effects of P on the ductility of as-cast strip. With increasing P content in steel, more cleavage cracks, micro voids and inter-granular rapture were observed in the fractured areas after tensile testing, which are believed to have been induced by the segregation of P in as cast strips. These results provide primary guidance for recycling dirty steel scraps.
The accuracy of transrectal ultrasound prostate volume estimation: Clinical correlations

Sonographic estimates of prostate volume have been applied to the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. However, we have observed wide variation between transrectal sonographic estimates of prostate volume (TRUS-V) and the corresponding volumes of unfixed radical prostatectomy specimens (P-V). Because TRUS-V may influence the management of men with prostate disease, the relationship between TRUS-V and P-V was characterized for 100 consecutive men undergoing a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). For the entire cohort, TRUS-V (35.9 ± 16.9 mL) underestimated P-V (45.4 ± 22.9 mL, p 30 mL, TRUS-V increasingly underestimated P-V. In summary, transrectal ultrasound estimates of prostate volumes differ significantly from the volume of unfixed RRP specimens. The direction and magnitude of TRUS-V error is volume dependent. Applied clinically, treatment paradigms employing prostate-volume-dependent management algorithms derived from nonuniform methods of volume estimation may not accurately reflect volume nomograms derived from uniform methods of measurement, and thus alter patient management. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Approximate gauge symmetry of composite vector bosons

It can be shown in a solvable field theory model that the couplings of the composite vector bosons made of a fermion pair approach the gauge couplings in the limit of strong binding. Although this phenomenon may appear accidental and special to the vector bosons made of a fermion pair, we extend it to the case of bosons being constituents and find that the same phenomenon occurs in a more intriguing way. The functional formalism not only facilitates computation but also provides us with a better insight into the generating mechanism of approximate gauge symmetry, in particular, how the strong binding and global current conservation conspire to generate such an approximate symmetry. Remarks are made on its possible relevance or irrelevance to electroweak and higher symmetries.
Social Media and Medical Professionalism: The Need for Guidance

The ongoing evolution of molecular medicine and the rapid democratization of digital communications make today a very interesting time to be a physician. The amount of information available for clinical decisions has increased exponentially. Social media use allows health information to be shared easily, globally, and permanently, with unclear risks and benefits. In this issue of European Urology, Roupret et al. provide the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for responsible social media use to help us navigate our way through exciting but uncertain digital terrain [1]. The way we communicate has been transformed by Internet-based communications in the past 20 yr.Wikis and blogs led the way in the 1990s to early 2000s and provide anyone a simplemethod to share information and influence opinion. This situation is changing what patients, caregivers, and hospitals expect from physicians and other health professionals. No longer is the physician the prime intermediary of health information, because other sources are so easily available online [2]. But patients still want us involved; a recent industry report found that 80% of smartphone users globally want to use these devices to interact with their health care providers [3]. If physicians are not willing to meet the needs of patients, others surely will do so. Many people with powerful stories can influence health decisions based on anecdote, not evidence. Sophisticated marketing techniques make it easier to nudge people online toward health decisions that may or may not be in their best interests [4,5]. By being more engaged online, health care professionals can curate reliable information and lessen the influence of digital quackery. To do this well, we need to understand how to participate online effectively and professionally.
How Accurately Do Introductory Psychology Textbooks Present Psychoanalytic Theory

Previous studies have raised concerns about the quality of the coverage of psychoanalytic content in undergraduate psychology textbooks. The authors investigated the accuracy and currency of psycho...