cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Principle of indirect comparison (PIC): simulation and analysis of PIC-based anomaly detection in multispectral data

The Army has gained a renewed interest in hyperspectral (HS) imagery for military surveillance. As a result, a HS research team has been established at the Army Research Lab (ARL) to focus exclusively on the design of innovative algorithms for target detection in natural clutter. In 2005 at this symposium, we presented comparison performances between a proposed anomaly detector and existing ones testing real HS data. Herein, we present some insightful results on our general approach using analyses of statistical performances of an additional ARL anomaly detector testing 1500 simulated realizations of model-specific data to shed some light on its effectiveness. Simulated data of increasing background complexity will be used for the analysis, where highly correlated multivariate Gaussian random samples will model homogeneous backgrounds and mixtures of Gaussian will model non-homogeneous backgrounds. Distinct multivariate random samples will model targets, and targets will be added to backgrounds. The principle that led to the design of our detectors employs an indirect sample comparison to test the likelihood that local HS random samples belong to the same population. Let X and Y denote two random samples, and let Z = X U Y, where U denotes the union. We showed that X can be indirectly compared to Y by comparing, instead, Z to Y (or to X). Mathematical implementations of this simple idea have shown a remarkable ability to preserve performance of meaningful detections (e.g., full-pixel targets), while significantly reducing the number of meaningless detections (e.g., transitions of background regions in the scene).
Reinforcers and vocational maturity in occupational aspiration, expectation, and goal deflection

Abstract When vocational aspirations and expectations are not the same, this difference is termed occupational goal deflection. The present study was designed to investigate the notion that such aspirations, expectations, and goal deflection are related to an individual's vocational maturity, education, and job reinforcers. The subjects were 149 vocational rehabilitation clients and 51 graduate students. Analyses of variance yielded findings that more vocationally mature individuals tend to display greater vocational aspiration, greater vocational expectation, and less goal deflection. Similarily, subjects who value such job characteristics as “getting a feeling of accomplishment, fair company policies, trying out their own ideas, doing work without feeling it is morally wrong, making their own decisions, (and) planning work with little supervision” tend to have higher aspirations and expectations, but lower goal deflection.
Tem Study of GaSb/InAs Strained Layer Supeplattices

Cross-sectional TEM of GaSb/InAs superlattices grown by MBE on (100) GaAs and (100) GaSb substrates shows an unusual defect structure within the strained layers. Dislocations are present within the layers and at the interface. High-resolution TEM analysis of the structure of the InAs layers suggests that these layers grow by an island mechanism. A crystal structure different from the zinc blende, is found to be present within the GaSb layers.
Teaching Business Ethics Through Service Learning Metaprojects

The urgent messages of good business include the importance of ethical management behaviors, focus on corporate citizenship, recognition of principled leadership, moral awareness, and participation in social change. This article describes the Service Learning Metaproject (a nested set of projects required of all students) and shows what students can accomplish to promote a better world. It addresses four measurable learning objectives: providing contact with divergent populations, making conscious moral decisions and committing to ethical action, deriving meaning from everyday activities, and developing adaptability and flexibility. It documents the achievement of these with undergraduate business students performing metaprojects that begin with service, lead to learning, and are followed by the development of a direct application. The conclusion is the implementation of that application. All the service learning projects this article describes required a Service Folio for student reflection on service ex...
A Chance to Wait Is a Chance to Educate: Exploring Virtual Technology for the Delivery of Patient Health and Wellness Information at Mayo Clinic in Arizona

This article addresses the issues surrounding the choice and utilization of virtual technology for patients and family members as they wait for appointments and procedures. Helping patients to channel their anxiety and stress by utilizing handheld devices has proved to be a valuable tool for the patients at Mayo Clinic in Arizona. This article will address the formation of the multidisciplinary group that was formed to review virtual technology, the issues with marketing and distribution, infection measures, evaluation of effectiveness, and future initiatives.
High-Finesse Dispersion-Free Cavities for Broadband Filtration of Laser Comb Lines

Dispersion-free cavities using dielectric mirrors with complementary dispersion are proposed for broadband filtration of laser comb lines. The technique enables us to implement a green astro-comb with 40GHz spacing for calibration of astronomical spectrographs.
Potato leafroll virus — Effect of date of inoculation on percent infection and symptom expression

Inoculation of field-grown Russet Burbank potatoes with leafroll virus during late June and early July resulted in nearly twice as many infected plants and four times as many infected tubers as inoculations made in late August. A marked decrease in infection consistently occurred during the time of bud formation and flowering.
Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency – By William C. Harris

There are several questions that must haunt the imagination of most Lincoln scholars at one time or another. What if the Republican convention in 1860 had done the predictable thing and nominated a...
An Introduction to the Contemporary Update.

While the higher education landscape has changed significantly over the past two decades, the AISP model remains a very useful framework for student affairs professionals at all levels.
Assembly of amphiphilic baskets into stimuli-responsive vesicles. Developing a strategy for the detection of organophosphorus chemical nerve agents.

We designed basket 1 to comprise a C3-symmetric hydrophobic cage (477 A3) at its southern edge and three polar ammonium caps at the northern edge. This amphiphilic molecule was observed to assemble into large unilamellar vesicles (350 nm, TEM) in water and thereby entrap dimethyl phenylphosphonate (184 A3) in its cavity (Kapp = (1.97 ± 0.02) × 103 M–1). The entrapment of the organophosphonate, akin to soman in size (186 A3), triggers the transformation of the vesicular material into nanoparticles (100 nm, TEM). Stimuli-responsive vesicles, containing baskets of type 1 in their bilayer membrane, are unique assemblies and important for obtaining novel sensing devices.
Implicit theories of intelligence. creativity, and wisdom

A prestudy and four experiments were conducted in order to understand the nature and use of people's implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. In the prestudy, a brief questionnaire was sent out to professors in each of the fields of art, business, philosophy, and physics, and was a
Rainbow trout responses to water temperature and dissolved oxygen stress in two southern California stream pools

Habitat use by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is described for a southern California stream where the summer water temperatures typically exceed the lethal limits for trout (>25°C). During August 1994, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and trout distribution were monitored in two adjacent pools in Sespe Creek, Ventura County, where summer water temperature reached 28.9° C. Water temperature was an important factor in trout distribution in the two pools. During 1–11 August 1994, water temperatures in pool 1 ranged from 21.5°C at the bottom (4.1 m) to 28.9° C at the surface. After 5 August, trout were no longer found in this pool, suggesting that trout had moved out of the high temperature water or died. In the adjacent, shallower (1.5m) pool 2, surface water temperatures were as high as 27.9° C, but temperatures on the bottom remained cooler (17.5–21° C) than pool 1, presumably due to groundwater seeps. Consistent aggregations of trout were observed in pool 2 throughout the study period. During the day when water temperature was highest, most trout were found in a region of the pool with the lowest water temperature (mean=18.3° C). Conversely, regions with the highest water temperatures had the fewest trout during the day. The seeps may have introduced water with low dissolved oxygen into pool 2, as the DO in many locations on the bottom ranged from <1 mg 1−1 to 5 mg 1−1 over 24 h, while the surface DO ranged from 4.1 to 10.0mg 1−1. Lowest DO occurred from 2400 to 0600 hours. During August, water temperature and DO were positively related. Thus, rainbow trout faced a trade-off between the relatively cool water temperature with low, possibly lethal levels of DO (e.g. 1.7 to 3.4 mg 1−1 in region 3), and lethally high water temperature but high DO. Seeps may serve as important thermal refugia for trout, and an increased understanding of their role as potential critical refugia in Southern California is necessary.
Numerical modeling of the effect of histidine protonation on pH distribution and DNA hybridization in electronically active microarrays

This study investigates, through numerical modeling, the effects of protonation of histidine buffer in promoting DNA hybridization in electronically active microarrays within a limited pH range. The numerical model framework developed in this study consists of a number of physical phenomena (conservation and mass transport of species) and chemical equilibrium reactions (hydrolysis of water, heterogeneous DNA hybridization, and protonation of histidine) that govern the hybridization of single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA) in active microarrays within an environment of continuous generation of H + ions and their subsequent consumption by histidine buffer. The study demonstrates, through a numerical model and comparison with published experimental results, that the increase in acidity near anodes due to the hydrolysis of water can be neutralized by a histidine buffer creating a relatively stable pH environment. To account for the dependency of DNA hybridization on the pH of the buffer used, the study also introduces a new hybridization efficiency parameter into the numerical model that is based on experimental data for DNA hybridization.
Status and potential of AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HBT ICs

The authors review the rapid development of AlInAs/GaInAs/InP IC technology in the US and describe some of the potential payoffs offered by this technology. It is pointed out that AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) ICs have made significant strides in a short time to demonstrate the feasibility and potential for high-performance ICs based on this technology. While record-setting IC speed has been the predominant measure of success, new benchmarks will probably emerge over the next couple years including device and IC reliability, lower IC power dissipation, higher levels of integration, and improved characteristics through double HBTs. These will enable the technology to establish its own niche within the overall and rapidly improving bipolar IC arena. >
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF RABBITS TOLERANT TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN TO THE INJECTION OF OTHER HETEROLOGOUS SERUM ALBUMINS

Immunological tolerance produced in rabbits by neonatal injections of BSA can be terminated by a series of injections of certain heterologous serum albumins which cross-react with BSA. Injections of albumins distantly related to BSA were more effective in terminating the tolerant state than injections of albumins closely related to BSA. It was concluded from results obtained with several heterologous albumins that immunological tolerance to BSA is directed to both the over-all antigenic or physical-chemical composition of the protein and the individual determinant groups present on the protein. Several possible mechanisms were given to explain the ability of cross-reacting albumins to terminate the tolerant state of BSA-tolerant rabbits. A possible relationship between the termination of tolerance in BSA-tolerant rabbits injected with cross-reacting albumins and autoimmunily was discussed. It was also suggested that the relative ease with which tolerance could be established to heterologous serum proteins in comparison to bacterial antigens is the result of the close serological and physical-chemical relationship of the heterologous serum proteins to the serum proteins of the rabbit. Rabbits injected with 500 mg of BSA during the first 5 days of life failed to form antibody capable of either eliciting an immune elimination of an injection of I* BSA given 3 to 4 months later or complexing with the circulating I* BSA.
School Vouchers and Academic Performance: Results from Three Randomized Field Trials

This article examines the effects of school vouchers on student test scores in New York, New York, Dayton, Ohio, and Washington, DC. The evaluations in all three cities are designed as randomized field trials. The findings, therefore, are not confounded by the self-selection problems that pervade most observational data. After 2 years, African Americans who switched from public to private school gained, relative to their public-school peers, an average of 6.3 National Percentile Ranking points in the three cities on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. The gains by city were 4.2 points in New York, 6.5 points in Dayton, and 9.2 points in Washington. Effects for African Americans are statistically significant in all three cities. In no city are statistically significant effects observed for other ethnic groups, after either 1 or 2 years. © 2002 by the Association for Policy Analysis and Management.
Empirical Relationship between Large Dams and the Alteration in Extreme Precipitation

This study looks at the empirical relationship between the presence of large dams and the potential alteration in extreme precipitation patterns in their vicinity. The global analysis indicates that extreme precipitation has altered considerably more than mean precipitation during the last century. We found this alteration to be more pronounced during the postdam period where the 99th percentile of precipitation experienced an average of 4% increase per year in magnitude. While the density of dams within a given radius did not correlate tangibly with the change in the percentile value, the frequency of rain (average number of rainy days per year) was found to have twice as much correlation during the postdam period than during the predam period. In general, dams in the regions of southern Africa, India, the Western United States, and Central Asia were found to have increased extreme precipitation more than other regions. It also appeared that large dams alter extreme precipitation patterns more in the ari...
Diapir-induced reorientation of Saturn's moon Enceladus

The recent discovery of active water-venting from the surface of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus has caused a ripple of excitement as it suggests the possibility of subsurface liquid water. Geologically, Enceladus poses problems. One, the reason why the hotspot of geological activity is centred precisely on the south pole, has been tackled by Francis Nimmo and Robert T. Pappalardo. They identify reorientation of Enceladus's rotation axis as the likely cause, and an upwelling of low-density material to the surface as the cause of that reorientation. Comparison of the distribution of impact craters on the ‘leading’ and ‘trailing’ hemispheres will be a good test of the reorientation part of the theory. Enceladus is a small icy satellite of Saturn. Its south polar region consists of young, tectonically deformed terrain and has an anomalously high heat flux1,2. This heat flux is probably due to localized tidal dissipation within either the ice shell3 or the underlying silicate core4. The surface deformation is plausibly due to upwelling of low-density material (diapirism5) as a result of this tidal heating. Here we show that the current polar location of the hotspot can be explained by reorientation of the satellite's rotation axis because of the presence of a low-density diapir. If the diapir is in the ice shell, then the shell must be relatively thick and maintain significant rigidity (elastic thickness greater than ∼0.5 km); if the diapir is in the silicate core, then Enceladus cannot possess a global subsurface ocean, because the core must be coupled to the overlying ice for reorientation to occur. The reorientation generates large (∼10 MPa) tectonic stress patterns6 that are compatible with the observed deformation of the south polar region2. We predict that the distribution of impact craters on the surface will not show the usual leading hemisphere–trailing hemisphere asymmetry. A low-density diapir also yields a potentially observable negative gravity anomaly.
Allocating redundancy with reusable patterns for optimal hierarchical-system reliability and series MTBF

A redundancy allocation method based on reusable patterns to optimize system reliability and maintainability (via series MTBF) is presented. Reusable patterns are “learned experiences” that are traceable and can enhance computational efficiency. This paper addresses the essential issues of this approach, and examples are implemented using object-oriented C++.
Improving the absolute positioning accuracy of robot manipulators

The absolute positioning accuracy of robot manipulator can be increased substantially by updating the nominal link parameters in the control software. This paper presents a general method to estimate the link parameter errors for any serial link manipulator (i.e., n links, and any combination of revolute and prismatic joints). The parameters are estimated through a linear kinematic model which relates the link bias errors to the end-effector positioning error. Only end-effector measurements are required instead of individual link measurements to implement this method.
An Experimental Study of the Effects of Procedural Rules on Committee Behavior

This essay examines experimentally the decisions of five-member committees under conditions designed to assess the extent to which parliamentary procedures induce majority rule equilibria. Using a two-dimensional issue space, our committees employ an especially simplified version of parliamentary voting which requires voting on one issue at a time. Theoretically, this induces a stable equilibrium at the issue-by-issue median preference and precludes the instabilities associated with unconstrained majority rule. By varying the ease with which subjects can communicate and thereby circumvent this procedure, we gain insight into the way in which people might circumvent political institutions that otherwise induce equilibria or that are designed to bias outcomes away from results that might prevail in an unconstrained context.
The self-judgment method of curve fitting

A computer-oriented method for processing and communicating numerical data is described. The Instrument Reliability Factors (IRF), which exactly define the limits of reliability of each measured item of information, are used to compute the Maximum Permitted Error (MPE) associated with each value of each ordinate. The Self-Judgment Principle (SJP) is used to discard wrong information and to compute mean values of the parameters and their MPE's in terms of the IRF. Data compatibility tests with any number of different equations can be made quickly. Otherwise intractable problems are easily solved, and the design of many experiments is greatly simplified.The computational and mathematical techniques used to reduce bias in the SJP are discussed. Inadequacies in the statistical and graphical methods of curve fitting are noted.
Design, Modelling, and Control Strategies of a Three Degrees-of-Freedom VR Spherical Motor Part I: Reluctance Force Characterization

The research presented here is to establish a basis for the design and control of a variable-reluctance (VR) spherical motor which presents some attractive possibilities by combining pitch, roll, and yaw motion in a single joint. For clarity, this paper has been organized in two parts: The first part describes the characterization of reluctance force for design. The second part addresses the dynamic modelling and control of the spherical motor. The reluctance force which is the driver of a VR spherical motor is characterized by using both the finite-element method and the lamped-parameter approach. The objective of this paper is to provide a good understanding of the magnetic fields and forces at play for realizing effective design and control of a VR spherical motor. The permeance-based model, which is commonly used in the stepper motor community to model the reluctance force of a step motor, was developed to model the torque of a VR spherical motor. Since the success of the permeance-based model depends on the assumed shape of the magnetic flux tubes, finite element methods were used in this study to provide physical insights of the magnetic flux patterns and to examine the reluctance force completed using the assumed flux shape. Two models were computed using the finite-element methods for illustration of the operational principle of a VR spherical motor.
Robust and distributed web-scale near-dup document conflation in microsoft academic service

In modern web-scale applications that collect data from different sources, entity conflation is a challenging task due to various data quality issues. In this paper, we propose a robust and distributed framework to perform conflation on noisy data in the Microsoft Academic Service dataset. Our framework contains two major components. In the offline component, we train a GBDT model to determine whether two papers from different sources should be conflated to the same paper entity. In the online component, we propose a scalable shingling algorithm that can apply our offline model to over 100 million instances. The result shows that our algorithm can conflate noisy data robustly and efficiently.
Laser doping and texturing of silicon for advanced optoelectronic devices

Irradiating a semiconductor sample with intense laser pulses in the presence of dopants drastically changes the optical, material and electronic properties of the sample. The properties of these processed semiconductors make them useful for photodetectors and, potentially, intermediate band solar cells. This talk discusses the processes that lead to doping and surface texturing, both of which increase the optical absorptance of the material. We will discuss the properties of the resulting material, including the presence of an intermediate band, as well as our work on developing laser-processed silicon photodiodes that are sensitive to sub-bandgap wavelengths. Most recently, we have measured the electron lifetime within the doped material, and we have developed methods to control the dopant profile and the material crystallinity. These findings are expected to be useful in designing laser-processed silicon devices.
Virginia Department of Transportation: Trying to Keep Virginia Moving (B)

What makes a good change agent? How does an outsider gain credibility inside a large and traditional organization? This undisguised case offers students an opportunity to design and explore a large-scale organizational change initiative and develop a comprehensive action plan for managing it. After winning the 2001 election, the new governor of Virginia, Mark Warner, named Phillip Shucet to head the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). Shucet was eager to bring his private sector experience and management expertise to VDOT, and he knew it would be a challenge. VDOT was renowned for its engineering innovation and cutting edge research. More recently though, the departments public reputation had become damaged and employee morale had hit rock bottom. The A case describes the situation at the time the Commissioner takes over and offers a glimpse into the workings of a large governmental agency. Shucets efforts to implement change suggest required capabilities that effective change agents must possess. Students have an opportunity to examine Shucets change action plan in the B case. Extensive video clips on CD-ROM disk format accompany the case and feature Phillip Shucet and several members of the VDOT senior executive team, for both student preparation and faculty use in class.
Rapid resetting of the carotid baroreceptor reflex in the cat

The carotid baroreceptor depressor reflex of the chloralose-anesthetized cat was examined to determine the role of the prevailing carotid pressure in determining the threshold, gain, and range of operation of the reflex response. After the pressure of an isolated perfused carotid sinus was held at 80 mmHg for 20 min the threshold pressure necessary to elicit the reflex systemic blood pressure response was 78 +/- 2.9 (SE) mmHg (n = 5). When carotid pressure was maintained for 20 min at 120 and 160 mmHg the threshold rose to 113 +/- 2.9 and 126 +/- 3.0 mmHg, respectively. The resetting of the threshold to a stable value upon elevating or reducing carotid sinus pressure was accomplished within 15—;20 min. The entire range of operation of the reflex response was shifted to higher carotid pressures as the holding pressure was elevated. The midrange gain of the response was unchanged at the three holding pressures tested. These findings indicate that the carotid baroreceptor reflex need not operate over a fixed range but that the range may be rapidly adjustable to the prevailing pressure. When arterial pressure is sustained at a level that is elevated or depressed from normal the carotid baroreceptor reflex acutely resets to operate in the range of the prevailing pressure with a threshold that has moved toward the prevailing pressure.
Plasma volume decrease and elevated Evans Blue disappearance rate in essential hypertension.

1. The disappearance rate of intravenously injected Evans Blue, plasma volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure were measured in seven normotensive and eighteen hypertensive subjects. 2. Plasma volume was found to be negatively correlated with the mean arterial pressure, Evans Blue disappearance rate and packed cell volume. 3. Faster disappearance rate of Evans Blue in hypertensive subjects may be due to an abnormality of mixing of the label or of the capillaries.
A Note on the Logic of (Higher-Order) Vagueness

The vagueness of a predicate 'Fe' consists in there being no sharp distinction between the objects which satisfy it and those which do not. Hence, it ought to be possible for there to be objects a and b, where a is F, but b is not F, and a (doubly well-ordered) series of objects 'connecting' a to b such that there is no F-'boundary' between any two adjacent objects in the series. What gives rise to the so-called Sorites Paradox is the thought that, where x' is the next object in such a series after x, the vagueness of 'Fe' ought to imply or even to consist in the truth of the following:
Blood Volume and Chloride Normality in Roaches (Periplaneta Americana (L.)) Injected with Sodium Chloride Solutions

The results of the determination of blood volume in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), reported in another paper (2), gave rise to the question—What changes would blood volume and blood chloride undergo if roaches were injected with different concentrations of sodium chloride solution? Partial answers to this and certain other questions are provided by experiments reported here, in which blood volume and total chloride in American roach nymphs were measured at different time intervals after they had been injected with different concentrations of sodium chloride solution. The results support the suggestion made previously in a study of the mode of insecticidal action of sodium metarsenite (3), that the injection of a higher concentration of sodium chloride into a roach would favor the retention of more water by the blood.
Comparative Analysis on Reports of Occupational Hazard Determination and Assessment in 2004 and 2010 in a Private Wood Furniture Manufacturing Factory

Objective: Make a comparative analysis on reports of occupational hazard determination and assessment in 2004 and 2010 in order to evaluate the effect of occupational disease prevention and control.Methods: Choose two representative reports and make a comparative analysis of the installation of occupational hazard protection facilities,use of personal protective equipment,warning signs and qualified rate of air determination sample.Results: Investigation indexes in 2010 are better than that in 2004.Conclusion: Working effect of occupational disease prevention and control is remarkable and labor environment is improved apparently in that factory.But we still need to pay attention to the noise,wood dust hazard etc.
More than just a game: ethical issues in gamification

Gamification is the use of elements and techniques from video game design in non-game contexts. Amid the rapid growth of this practice, normative questions have been under-explored. The primary goal of this article is to develop a normatively sophisticated and descriptively rich account for appropriately addressing major ethical considerations associated with gamification. The framework suggests that practitioners and designers should be precautious about, primarily, but not limited to, whether or not their use of gamification practices: (1) takes unfair advantage of workers (e.g., exploitation); (2) infringes any involved workers' or customers' autonomy (e.g., manipulation); (3) intentionally or unintentionally harms workers and other involved parties; or (4) has a negative effect on the moral character of involved parties.
Phylogenetic diversification of Early Cretaceous seed plants: The compound seed cone of Doylea tetrahedrasperma

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Discovery of cupulate ovules of Doylea tetrahedrasperma within a compact, compound seed cone highlights the rich diversity of fructification morphologies, pollination biologies, postpollination enclosure of seeds, and systematic diversity of Early Cretaceous gymnosperms. METHODS Specimens were studied using the cellulose acetate peel technique, three-dimensional reconstructions (in AVIZO), and morphological phylogenetic analyses (in TNT). KEY RESULTS Doylea tetrahedrasperma has bract/fertile short shoot complexes helically arranged within a compact, compound seed cone. Complexes diverge from the axis as a single unit and separate distally into a free bract tip and two sporophylls. Each sporophyll bears a single, abaxial seed, recurved toward the cone axis, that is enveloped after pollinaton by sporophyll tissue, forming a closed cupule. Ovules are pollinated by bisaccate grains captured by micropylar pollination horns. CONCLUSIONS The unique combination of characters shown by D. tetrahedrasperma includes the presence of cupulate seeds borne in conifer-like compound seed cones, an ovuliferous scale analogue structurally equivalent to the ovulate stalk of Ginkgo biloba, gymnospermous pollination, and nearly complete enclosure of mature seeds. These features characterize the Doyleales ord. nov., clearly distinguish it from the seed fern order Corystospermales, and allow for recognition of another recently described Early Cretaceous seed plant as a second species in genus Doylea. A morphological phylogenetic analysis highlights systematic relationships of the Doyleales ord. nov. and emphasizes the explosive phylogenetic diversification of gymnosperms that was underway at the time when flowering plants may have originated and/or first began to radiate.
Authorship and Collaboration

(1997). Authorship and Collaboration. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 555-564.
Suppression of B-cell development as a result of selective expansion of donor T cells during the minor H antigen graft-versus-host reaction.

A murine model of bone marrow (BM) transplantation in which donor (B10.D2) and recipient (BALB/c) mice were major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (H-2d) and Mls-1 identical, but incompatible at multiple non-MHC minor histocompatibility (H) antigens, and at Mls-2,3 was used to examine regeneration of B-cell development during the minor H antigen graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Mice that received T-cell-depleted allogeneic BM regained significant pre-B cells (sIg- 14.8+) in their BM. Mice undergoing GVHR after transplantation with allogeneic BM + T cells had less than 2% pre-B cells in their BM at day 7 and only 12% to 14% pre-B cells at days 21 and 28 compared with greater than 20% pre-B cells in the allogeneic controls. After partial recovery, the pre-B cells in the BM of GVH mice again decreased to less than 3% by day 42. This abnormal pattern of pre-B cell development in mice undergoing GVHR was associated with a reduced response to interleukin-7 (IL-7) in vitro. The delay in B-lineage cell reconstitution in mice with GVHR correlated with the expansion of donor V beta 3+ T cells in both the spleen and BM. BM T cells from mice with GVHR as well as isolated V beta 3+ T cells inhibited IL-7 colony-forming units from normal BM in co-culture assays. This inhibition could be reversed with anti-interferon gamma (IFN gamma) antibody. These data suggest that the delay in appearance and the reduction in proportion and number of pre-B cells observed early during the GVH reaction in this model is caused, in part, by the inhibitory actions of IFN gamma derived from donor V beta 3+ T cells on B-lineage cell development.
Attacking the one-out-of-m multicore problem by combining hardware management with mixed-criticality provisioning

The multicore revolution is having limited impact in safety-critical application domains. A key reason is the "one-out-of-m" problem: when validating real-time constraints on an m-core platform, excessive analysis pessimism can effectively negate the processing capacity of the additional $$m-1$$m-1 cores so that only "one core's worth" of capacity is utilized even though m cores are available. Two approaches have been investigated previously to address this problem: mixed-criticality allocation techniques, which provision less-critical software components less pessimistically, and hardware-management techniques, which make the underlying platform itself more predictable. A better way forward may be to combine both approaches, but to show this, fundamentally new criticality-cognizant hardware-management tradeoffs must be explored. Such tradeoffs are investigated herein in the context of a new variant of a mixed-criticality framework, called $$\textsf {MC}^\textsf {2} $$MC2, that supports configurable criticality-based hardware management. This framework allows specific DRAM memory banks and areas of the last-level cache (LLC) to be allocated to certain groups of tasks. A linear-programming-based optimization framework is presented for sizing such LLC areas, subject to conditions for ensuring $$\textsf {MC}^\textsf {2} $$MC2 schedulability. The effectiveness of the overall framework in resolving hardware-management and scheduling tradeoffs is investigated in the context of a large-scale overhead-aware schedulability study. This study was guided by extensive trace data obtained by executing benchmark programs on the new variant of $$\textsf {MC}^\textsf {2} $$MC2 presented herein. This study shows that mixed-criticality allocation and hardware-management techniques can be much more effective when applied together instead of alone.
Treatment of Complex Thoracoabdominal Aortic Disease

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms are increasing in incidence. Rupture is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The historic gold standard of open repair can be performed with low rates of complications at centers of excellence. However, these results are not universally achievable, with significantly higher rates of mortality reported from statewide studies. With the advent of endovascular therapy, techniques to mitigate the physiologic stress of open surgery have been developed. Hybrid open/endovascular operations are being undertaken with total visceral debranching followed by endografting. Totally endovascular procedures are now being performed using fenestrated, branched, and parallel endografts.
Body composition by DXA.

Body composition measurements from DXA have been available since DXA technology was developed 30 years ago, but are historically underutilized. Recently, there have been rapid developments in body composition assessment including the analysis and publication of representative data for the US, official usage guidance from the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and development of regional body composition measures with clinical utility. DXA body composition is much more than whole body percent fat. In this paper celebrating 30 years of DXA for body composition, we will review the principles of DXA soft tissue analysis, practical clinical and research applications, and what to look for in the future.
Alternative medicine use in older Americans.

OBJECTIVES: Because there are few data describing alternative medicine use in older populations, we analyzed a nationally representative survey to quantify and characterize the use of alternative medicine in people aged 65 and older. DESIGN: We utilized data collected in a nationally representative, random, telephone survey of adults, measuring use of conventional medical services and use of 20 alternative medicine therapies in the last 12 months. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2055 adults, 311 of whom were aged 65 and older and who constituted our sample of older Americans. RESULTS: Overall, 30% of people aged 65 and older used at least one alternative medicine modality in the last year compared with 46% of those less than age 65 (P < .001), and 19% of older people saw a provider of alternative medicine within the past year compared with 26% of those less than age 65. The alternative medicine modalities used most commonly by those aged 65 and older were chiropractic (11%), herbal remedies (8%), relaxation techniques (5%), high dose or mega-vitamins (5%), and religious or spiritual healing by others (4%). Older persons with a primary care provider used alternative medicine more frequently (34% vs 7% P < .05) than those with no primary care provider. Patients who saw their physician more frequently were more likely to use alternative medicine (0 visits 7%, 1–2 visits 22%, 3–6 visits 35%, 7 or more visits 44% P < .05). Six percent of older patients were taking both herbs and prescription drugs. Of older patients who used alternative medicine, 57% made no mention of their use of any alternative modality to their doctor. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty percent of Americans aged 65 and older reported using alternative medicine (amounting to 10 million Americans based on extrapolations to census data) and 19% visited an alternative medicine provider (making 63 million visits based on extrapolations to census data) within the past year. The two modalities used most commonly were chiropractic and herbs, both of which may be problematic in older patients. Physicians should ask all patients, including those aged 65 and older, about their use of alternative medicine, and in those aged 65 and older, physicians should ask specific questions about the user of chiropractic and herbal medicine.
Supplemental Instruction: Understanding Academic Assistance in Underrepresented Groups

Student retention rates are increasingly important in higher education. Higher education institutions have adopted various programs in the hopes of increasing graduation rates and grade point avera...
Coating and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Air Spray Coated Drug Coated Balloons.

Drug coated balloons (DCB) are becoming the standard-care treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). DCB use excipients to transfer and retain anti-proliferative drugs, such as paclitaxel. Excipients thus play a vital role in the design and function of DCB, however methods to coat balloons with excipients and anti-proliferative drugs remain unknown. The goal of this study was to thus develop an approach to coat and evaluate DCB for various excipients. An air sprayer method was developed to deposit paclitaxel and various excipients onto non-coated commercially available angioplasty balloons. The coating of the angioplasty balloons was evaluated for drug deposition and coating efficiency using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug transfer and retention of the coated angioplasty balloons into arterial segments were evaluated ex vivo using harvested pig arteries in a pulsatile flow bioreactor. The air sprayer method successfully delivered varying excipients including bovine serum albumin (BSA), urea and iohexol. The air spray method was configured to coat four angioplasty balloons simultaneously with paclitaxel and iohexol with an average paclitaxel load of 4.0 ± 0.70 µg/mm2. The intra-day (within) and inter-day (between) coating precisions, defined as relative standard deviation (RSD), was 17.2 and 15.5%, respectively. Ex vivo deployment of iohexol-paclitaxel DCB yielded an arterial paclitaxel concentration of 123.4 ± 44.68 ng/mg (n = 3) at 1 h, 126.7 ± 25.27 ng/mg (n = 3) at 1 day, and 12.9 ± 12.88 ng/mg (n = 3) at 7 days. This work provides proof-of-concept of a quick, inexpensive approach to coat commercially available angioplasty balloons with paclitaxel and various excipients.
Inverse problem for the 3D equation of radiative transfer

We present the first three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction scheme for general geometries and arbitrary spatial material distributions that is based on the equation of radiative transfer. This scheme builds on the concept of model-based iterative image reconstruction, in which a forward model provides prediction of detector readings, and a gradient-based updating scheme minimizes an objective function. The gradient of the objective function is found by employing an adjoint differentiation method.
House-Banked Poker

Since 1990 a number of new casino games have been introduced, and here we consider two of the most successful such games, Let It Ride and Three Card Poker (Sections 16.1 and 16.2, respectively). Each is house banked and poker based, and each offers a greater advantage to the house than do the traditional games of craps, faro, baccarat, trente et quarante, and twenty-one. The analysis of each game is straightforward in principle but exhausting in practice.
Sex, gender, and why the differences matter.

An introduction to the July 2008 issue of Virtual Mentor on gender and medicine. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Chaucerotics: Uncloaking the Language of Sex in The Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde

In the Conclusion to his book, Gust uses material from Book Five of Troilus and Criseyde to drive home the argument that there are distinct strands of historical connection between pre- and post-modern pornographic artistry. As Gust illustrates throughout his study, the sexually suggestive language used by Geoffrey Chaucer evidently carried with it an erotic charge that could stimulate and sexually titillate various literary audiences in late medieval England. In sum, the notion of Chaucerotics is shown to be a useful theoretical concept that brings to light that certain sections of Chaucer’s writing did carry pornographic possibilities to his medieval audience, while scholarly readers—past and present—have too often undersold the erotic potential of Chaucerian sex in The Canterbury Tales and beyond.
Fat-Free Mass and the Balance Error Scoring System Predict an Appropriate Maximal Load in the Unilateral Farmer's Walk

This study quantified and compared unilateral farmer’s walk (UFW) performance in recreationally active males and females, and determined if additional variables allowed for the prediction of a maximal safe load. Anthropometric (height, body weight (BW), body mass index, body fat percentage, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass), muscular endurance (maximal duration side bridge), and balance (Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)) tests were completed. Participants performed a series of 20 s UFW trials (non-dominant side) at a cadence of 66 beats/min. The initial load was 10% of BW and increased by 10% per trial until deviations in spinal alignment or compromised gait patterns were noted, and the series was terminated. The highest load carried before technical failure was recorded. Descriptive and comparative statistics and a stepwise linear regression analysis were utilized to determine relationships between UFW performance and anthropometric, muscular endurance, and balance tests. Males (N = 25) were significantly taller (177.3 ± 6.7 vs. 164.7 ± 7.2 cm, p < 0.05), heavier (81.7 ± 7.0 vs. 62.0 ± 9.4 kg, p < 0.05), and leaner (14.4 ± 4.4 vs. 22.4 ± 4.8%, p < 0.05) than females (N = 26). Further, males had a higher amount of FFM (p < 0.05) than females. The males (52.2 ± 9.0, 64% BW) carried a higher average UFW load than the females (32.5 ± 7.1 kg, 53% BW, p < 0.05). FFM was strongly predictive of UFW load (load = −9.88876 + 0.88679 × (FFM); r2 = 0.774, p < 0.0001). The addition of the BESS test further increased the accuracy of the prediction equation (r2 = 0.800, p < 0.0001). There are differences in UFW performance ability between males and females. As our method does not account for all potential confounding variables, the use of these equations should be combined with technique analysis and participant feedback to ensure an appropriate workload.
Historical perspective on behavioral medicine’s success in bringing different disciplines to the table

This article presents the author’s perspective on the success of the field of behavioral medicine in recruiting, involving, and retaining upwards of 17 different professional disciplines over the 40 years of its existence. Acknowledging that health psychologists have historically dominated this interdisciplinary field, the author presents some possible solutions to increasing the viability and visibility of the other disciplines in carrying out the mission of behavioral medicine.
The behavior of simulated annealing in stochastic optimization

In this thesis we examine the performance of simulated annealing (SA) on various response surfaces. The main goals of the study are to evaluate the effectiveness of SA for stochastic optimization, develop modifications to SA in an attempt to improve its performance, and to evaluate whether artificially adding noise to a deterministic response surface might improve the performance of SA. SA is applied to several different response surfaces with different levels of complexity. We first experiment with two basic approaches of computing the performance measure for stochastic surfaces, constant sample size and variable sample size. We found that the constant sample size performed best. At the same time we also show that artificially adding noise may improve the performance of SA on more complex deterministic response surfaces. We develop a hybrid version of SA in which the genetic algorithm is embedded within SA. The effectiveness of the hybrid approach is not conclusive and needs further investigation. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method and an outline of future directions.
Recent Immigrants and Public Charge: Access to Coverage and New Legal Arrivals’ Employment, Self-Employment, and Health Insurance After Medicaid Expansions and the Marketplace:

This article uses data from the American Community Survey from 2009 to 2016 to identify the effect of Medicaid expansions and the creation of the ACA Insurance Market Exchange (Marketplace) on low-...
Checklists in Obstetrics

Abstract Due to the increasing complexity of the practice of obstetrics, tools are necessary to increase patient safety. Checklists help to reduce complex tasks to their basic components and to reduce the risk of missing key steps. Obstetric safety bundles are another tool for integrating the entire team into patient safety. They combine checklists, best practices, and an interdisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes.