cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biphasic effects of 5-HT1A agonism on impulsive responding are dissociable from effects on anxiety in the variable consecutive number task.

The serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor is known to be involved in both impulsivity and anxiety-related behavior. Although anxiety and impulsivity are different constructs, it has been shown that anxiogenesis can result in impulsiveness. It is therefore important to determine if the 5-HT1A receptor is involved in the commission of impulsive actions independent of its effects on anxiety. The 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.0125–0.1 mg/kg subcutaneous) increased impulsive action at low doses, but decreased it at higher doses, on the novel paced variable consecutive number with discriminative stimulus task (VCN). Neither the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100,635 (0.2–1.2 mg/kg subcutaneous), nor the noradrenergic antagonist and pharmacological stressor yohimbine (1–2 mg/kg intraperitoneal) altered measures of impulsivity. Stress induced by yohimbine was sufficient to produce anxiety-like behavior in the elevated zero maze, confirming that the VCN task is a selective assay of impulsive action that is not affected by anxiety. We hypothesize that the biphasic effect of 8-OH-DPAT is due to actions on presynaptic raphe 5-HT1A autoreceptors, and also postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. These results suggest that this receptor mediates impulsive action and that this is not secondary to its role in anxiety.
Children’s narrative representations of peers and teachers in 3 new classroom scenarios

ABSTRACTNarrative Story-Stem Tasks (NSST) assess young children’s perceptions of close relationship qualities via the spontaneous narratives they create in response to story beginnings using doll-l...
Robotic Extended Right Hemicolectomy with Complete Mesocolic Excision and D3 Lymph Node Dissection

Recent studies have shown the benefits of complete mesocolic excision and extended lymphadenectomy (D3 lymph node dissection) in patients with colon cancer.1–3 We present the case of a 62-year-old male with hepatic flexure adenocarcinoma. No metastatic disease was identified by computed tomography. A robot-assisted extended right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision, D3 lymph node dissection, and resection of the mesentery with intact visceral peritoneum was performed. The trocars are placed in the right lower (8 mm), lower midline (8 mm), and left upper (12 mm) quadrants. The camera port is placed superior to the umbilicus, and the assistant port is placed in the left lower quadrant. The robotic right lower port is used to place the cecum on tension in order to outline the ileocolic pedicle. The assistant retracts the transverse colon cephalad to outline the superior mesenteric artery and vein. Using two robotic arms, the surgeon begins dissection over the superior mesenteric vein inferior to the ileocolic pedicle. Cephalad dissection along the superior mesenteric vein proceeds with reflection of the mesentery and D3 lymph nodes laterally to allow en bloc resection. The ileocolic and middle colic vessels are identified, ligated and divided at their origins. The plane is then developed between the right colon mesentery and the retroperitoneum, including Gerota’s fascia, duodenum, and head of the pancreas, in a medial-to-lateral fashion, with care taken to ensure an intact visceral peritoneum is maintained. The proximal transverse colon, hepatic flexure, and ascending colon are mobilized by taking down lateral attachments. The intervening mesentery is transected, and perfusion is assessed with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. An intracorporeal, isoperistaltic, side-to-side anastomosis is performed using the 45-mm robotic stapler. The common enterotomy is sewn closed in two layers. Pathology showed T3N0 adenocarcinoma with all negative margins. Extended right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision and D3 lymph node dissection is facilitated by a robotic approach, which improves visualization and instrument dexterity.
Toward robust concurrent product development across the supply chain: a risk assessment framework

Strategic relationships with key suppliers are required for sustaining growth and creating competitive product development advantage. Managing key partners and suppliers who have a significant role...
The Technology Toolbelt for Teaching

Publisher’s Description: Instructors are pressured to integrate technology into their traditional or online instruction. This book offers a hands-on resource that shows how to integrate technology into lessons and offers information about common technologies, categorizing by groups, and explains the purposes they serve pedagogically as well as how they can be most effectively used in online or face-to-face classrooms. In addition to examples, each chapter will feature a decision making matrix to help instructors decide on whether or not a tool is really needed based on curriculum objectives or a specific organizational or curricular problem.
Non-neoplastic pathologic findings in nephrectomy specimens; postoperative renal insufficiency and outcomes

Introduction: Incidence of renal masses has increased with increased abdominal imagings. The trend in treatment of renal masses has been toward renal preserving options, including surveillance, ablation and partial nephrectomy. Objectives: To determine the frequency of medical renal disease in patients undergoing surgical intervention for renal neoplasms and to establish whether these pathologic changes predict development of renal insufficiency in the immediate postoperative period. Patients and Methods: This was an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective review of all patients that underwent radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy from December 2009 to November 2013. Around 225 patients had complete pathologic and perioperative data for analysis. We compared preoperative and postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), neoplastic findings, tumor characteristics (positive margins and extracapsular extension), and pathology information regarding non- neoplastic findings (tubular atrophy, chronic inflammation and fibrosis). Results: The presence of any pathologic abnormalities in the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma was significantly associated with increased serum creatinine levels postoperatively (P=0.01) and at last follow up visit (P=0.04). Univariate analysis showed that glomerular and vascular abnormalities were each significantly associated with worsening renal function. Conclusion: Our research suggests that abnormalities in non-neoplastic renal parenchyma found in renal specimens after RN should not be ignored as they may predict possible worse outcomes in renal function. This may help make a case for biopsy pre-operatively and a stronger case for nephron sparing surgery. This may also help determine which patients should be followed more closely postoperatively.
True Confessions of The New York Times: Making Moral Meaning from the Discourse of Flawed Iraq Coverage

On the morning of May 26, 2004, New York Times readers found a note from the paper's editors on Page A10. The headline read From the Editors-The Times and Iraq, and the 1,000-word article that followed served as a disclosure that the Times had failed in its duty of both aggressive information gathering and careful reporting with a critical eye. Response to the note was fast and widespread as newspeople across the country commented on the paper's public admission of its flawed coverage. The editors' note, together with the responses it generated, provides a glimpse into the state of American journalism and the way those enmeshed in it understand and expect the practice to operate. Beyond serving a descriptive purpose, however, the texts can be used to start a discourse in the normative realm, to offer suggestions for how our understanding of journalism perhaps ought to change to better reflect the reality of what is truly a human institution. This paper provides both a descriptive and normative analysis of themes that emerge from the case, and it prompts both journalists and citizens to reflect on the practice and then continue moving forward through a landscape in constant flux.
A State of Art Review on Wireless Power Transmission Approaches for Implantable Medical Devices

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is a critical technology that provides a secure alternative mechanism for wireless power and communication with implantable medical devices. WPT approaches for implantable medical devices have been utilized based on applications. For instance, the inductive coupling tactic is mostly employed for transmission of energy to neuro-stimulators, and the ultrasonic method is used for deep-seated implants. This article provides a study concentrating on popular WPT techniques for implantable medical devices (IMDs) including inductive coupling, microwave, ultrasound, and hybrid WPT systems consisting of two approaches combined. Moreover, an overview of the major works is analyzed with a comparison of their major design elements, operating frequency, distance, efficiency, and harvested power.
Deep convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of thoracic organs-at-risk in radiation oncology - use of non-domain transfer learning.

PURPOSE Segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) is an essential component of the radiation oncology workflow. Commonly segmented thoracic OARs include the heart, esophagus, spinal cord, and lungs. This study evaluated a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic segmentation of these OARs. METHODS The dataset was created retrospectively from consecutive radiotherapy plans containing all five OARs of interest, including 22,411 CT slices from 168 patients. Patients were divided into training, validation, and test datasets according to a 66%/17%/17% split. We trained a modified U-Net, applying transfer learning from a VGG16 image classification model trained on ImageNet. The Dice coefficient and 95% Hausdorff distance on the test set for each organ was compared to a commercial atlas-based segmentation model using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS On the test dataset, the median Dice coefficients for the CNN model vs. the multi-atlas model were 71% vs. 67% for the spinal cord, 96% vs. 94% for the right lung, 96%vs. 94% for the left lung, 91% vs. 85% for the heart, and 63% vs. 37% for the esophagus. The median 95% Hausdorff distances were 9.5 mm vs. 25.3 mm, 5.1 mm vs. 8.1 mm, 4.0 mm vs. 8.0 mm, 9.8 mm vs. 15.8 mm, and 9.2 mm vs. 20.0 mm for the respective organs. The results all favored the CNN model (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A 2D CNN can achieve superior results to commercial atlas-based software for OAR segmentation utilizing non-domain transfer learning, which has potential utility for quality assurance and expediting patient care.
Electrical conductivity and thermal decomposition of high temperature phenolic- and silicone-based materials

The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and thermal decomposition characteristics of several phenolic and silicone resins reinforced with glass chopped fabric or cloth have been measured to 600–700°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal data were obtained using mass spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Peaks in the conductivity temperature dependence and deviations from ohmic behavior are found to be associated with material decomposition and/or outgassing. Results show a direct correlation between thermal stability and temperature dependent electrical characteristics.
Establishment of an acute headache infusion clinic as an alternative for emergency department care

Abstract Objectives Numerous patients receive acute migraine care in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. A shift of this care to the outpatient Neurology Clinic and outpatient Infusion Center setting has the potential to optimize clinical management while decreasing resource utilization. Methods Clinicians and administrators collaborated on the operationalization of an Acute Headache Infusion Clinic run through the outpatient Neurology Clinic. Data was collected on all patients treated in the Acute Headache Infusion Clinic from 9/2018–12/2019. Duration of the outpatient visit, cost per visit, and pre- and post-treatment pain scores were collected. Comparison was made to similar care administered at our institution's Emergency Department. Results Results from 133 patients were obtained. The outpatient encounter was 3.73 h shorter than the ED encounter and was associated with a cost savings of ~$9400/patient. Patients experienced a substantial decrease in their pain scores with treatment in the outpatient setting. Conclusions The transition of acute migraine management requiring infusion therapies can successfully be transitioned from the ED to the outpatient setting. This can be associated with shorter clinical encounters with more optimal resource utilization while still providing adequate headache relief. Classification of evidence This study provides Class III evidence for an outpatient infusion clinic for saving costs and clinical care time for patients with acute migraines requiring infusion therapies.
Long-term Patterns of Excess Mortality among Endometrial Cancer Survivors

Background: We investigated excess mortality after endometrial cancer using conditional relative survival estimates and standardized mortality ratios (SMR). Methods: Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer during 2000–2017 (N = 183,153) were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. SMRs were calculated as observed deaths among endometrial cancer survivors over expected deaths among demographically similar women in the general U.S. population. Five-year relative survival was estimated at diagnosis and each additional year survived up to 12 years post-diagnosis, conditional on survival up to that year. Results: For the full cohort, 5-year relative survival was 87.7%, 96.2%, and 97.1% at 1, 5, and 10 years post-diagnosis, respectively. Conditional 5-year relative survival first exceeded 95%, reflecting minimal excess mortality compared with the general population, at 4 years post-diagnosis overall. However, in subgroup analyses, conditional relative survival remained lower for Black women (vs. White) and for those with regional/distant stage disease (vs. localized) throughout the study period. The overall SMR for all-cause mortality decreased from 5.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.81–5.99] in the first year after diagnosis to 1.16 (95% CI, 1.13–1.19) at 10+ years; SMRs were consistently higher for non-White women and for those with higher stage or grade disease. Conclusions: Overall, endometrial cancer survivors had only a small survival deficit beyond 4 years post-diagnosis. However, excess mortality was greater in magnitude and persisted longer into survivorship for Black women and for those with more advanced disease. Impact: Strategies to mitigate disparities in mortality after endometrial cancer will be needed as the number of survivors continues to increase.
Three dimensional multi-physics modeling and simulation for assessment of mass transport impact on the performance of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract The impact of multi-species transports on the performance of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HTPEMFC) is studied by incorporating multi-physics electro-kinetics in a 3D model at 180 °C. A base-case 3D model simulation was carried-out and the validation results showed a very good agreement with the experimental results. The results showed overall performance improvements in HTPEMFC at various parametric conditions. Higher membrane thickness has reduced the cell performance significantly due to increased membrane resistance to the proton flow whereas higher membrane conductivity produced the largest performance improvements among all operating conditions considered. The results showed that the electrolyte ionic current transport is higher close to the channel and lower in the center regions. The hydrogen concentrations went down significantly at the outlet due to uniform consumption of hydrogen throughout the porous electrode. A non-uniform oxygen concentration pattern was observed within the HTPEMFC due to non-homogeneous transport and consumption of oxygen from inlet to the outlet. The water vapor concentration is higher at the outlet, since more water vapor production through increased electro-chemical reactions, as the reactants transported from inlet to the outlet. The 3D model simulation results will be advantageous for further diagnostic analysis of the HTPEMFC systems.
Zonation in NASH – A key paradigm for understanding pathophysiology and clinical outcomes

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exists as a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to histologically defined hepatocyte injury and inflammatory changes that define steatohepatitis (NASH), and increase risk for fibrosis. Although zonal differences in NASH have not been systematically studied, periportal involvement has been associated with worse metabolic outcomes and more hepatic fibrosis as compared to pericentral disease. These data suggest that hepatic zonation of disease may influence the diversity of clinical presentations. Similarly, several randomized clinical trials suggest a differential response based on zonation of disease, with preferential effects on periportal (cysteamine) or pericentral disease (obeticholic acid, pioglitazone). Intriguingly, morphogenic pathways known to affect zonal development and maintenance - WNT/β-Catenin, Hedgehog, HIPPO/Yap/TAZ, and Notch - have been implicated in NASH pathogenesis, and nuclear hormone receptors downstream of potential NASH therapeutics show zonal preferences. In this review, we summarize these data and propose that patient-specific activation of these pathways may explain the variability in clinical presentation, and the zone-specific response observed in clinical trials.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in a Liver Transplantation Recipient With Favorable Treatment Response.

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the largest mass vaccination campaign on record was initiated. In the U.S., the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 and Moderna mRNA-1273 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in December 2020. Since immunosuppressed patients including liver transplant recipients (LTR) were excluded from these vaccine trials, safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in LTR are largely unknown. Herein, we report a case of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), the most common subtype of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), following initial dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in an adult LTR.
Locus of Control

Locus of control is the internal sense that individuals have regarding the extent to which they are capable of making their own choices and viewing the consequences as stemming from those choices. The term locus derives from the Latin referring to location or place. If individuals believe that they are in control of their lives, then the locus lies internally. If individuals believe that fate, other people, environment, or higher authority control their lives, the locus of control lies externally. Individuals who possess a high internal locus of control believe they can control events in their lives – that they are in the “driver's seat.” The concept of locus of control was originally developed by Julian Rotter in the 1950s and became a popular explanatory construct in the areas of personality psychology and motivation. Keywords: collectivism; individualism; personality traits; motivation
PLANE STRAIN CONSOLIDATION BY FINITE ELEMENTS

The report describes the application of the finite element technique to plane strain consolidation problems, dealing with primary consolidation only. A description is given of three-dimensional consolidation in order to explain three-dimensional effects in the consolidation process and to discuss similarities in the finite element formulation, Biot's and Terzaghi's formulation. The main points of a finite element formulation for the consolidation process are summarized, and the resulting computer program, CONSOL, is described. The complete element formulation is given in an appendix. An investigation is made on one- and two- dimensional problems, which show the effects discussed in the chapter on consolidation theory. A choice is made of problems which are of practical importance. (Author)
Migration of Antiozonant from Neoprene Hose Covers

Certain fuel line hoses having neoprene covers and nitrile inner tubes and test slabs of these materials were subjected to accelerated heat, fuel, and ozone exposure. Results indicate some neoprene hose covers can lose ozone resistance after severe test exposure to heat and/or fuel circulation. Chemical analysis indicates that one type of antiozonant, nickeldibutyldithiocarbamate, is extracted out of the neoprene cover by fuel circulation through the inner nitrile tube. Similarly, heat aging causes a migration of this antiozonant from the neoprene cover into the nitrile tube. These two factors are largely responsible for the loss of ozone resistance. Extraction of plasticizing oil also occurs during fuel circulation with subsequent hardening of hoses. However this contributes only in a secondary manner to the observed loss of ozone resistance. Test conditions for candidate fuel line hoses are recommended to provide improved ozone resistance.
Fuzzy min-max neural networks

A supervised neural network classifier using a combination of min-max hyperboxes and fuzzy logic is described. A min-max hyperbox and its membership function define a fuzzy set. Each class in the neural network is a collection of labeled hyperboxes (fuzzy sets). The degree to which an input pattern belongs to a class is determined by the membership function of the winning hyperbox. Using multiple hyperbox fuzzy sets to form classes allows arbitrary numbers and shapes of classes and their respective class boundaries. The min-max classification learning procedure requires only a single pass through the data and allows online learning. The author describes how the fuzzy min-max classifier is implemented as a neural network, explains how min-max classes are produced, and provides two examples of operation. >
Swirl flow heat transfer and pressure drop with twisted-tape inserts

Abstract An extended review of the application of twisted-tape inserts in tubular heat exchangers and their thermal-hydraulic performance is presented. Twisted tapes promote enhanced heat transfer by generating swirl or secondary flows, increasing the flow velocity due to the tube partitioning and blockage, and providing an effectively longer helical flow length. Depending on the tape-edge to tube-wall contact, some fin effects may also be present. Their usage in both single-phase and two-phase (boiling and condensation) flows is considered, and heat transfer and pressure drop results from different investigations are presented. The characteristic features of swirl-induced heat transfer enhancement, nature of swirl flows and their scaling, and development of predictive correlations for heat transfer coefficients and friction factors (or pressure drop) are discussed. Also, some aspects of the use of geometrically modified twisted-tape inserts, as well as compound application with other enhancement techniques, are briefly discussed.
Predictive value of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the diagnosis and outcomes of acute aortic syndromes

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels differ among patients with acute aortic syndromes (AAS) and if hsCRP could predict their long-term outcomes. Design Retrospective observational study. Setting Cleveland Clinic Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. Patients 115 consecutive patients with AAS admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit. Interventions HsCRP and other laboratory data were measured within 24 h of admission. Demographic, imaging and laboratory data were obtained at the time of presentation. For the long-term survival analysis, the social security death index was used to determine all-cause mortality. Main outcome measures HsCRP levels among AAS patients. Results Hospital mortality was 4.3% for AAS patients. HsCRP levels differed significantly among AAS; the median hsCRP was higher in the aortic dissection group (49 mg/l) than in those with penetrating aortic ulcer (28 mg/l), symptomatic aortic aneurysm (14 mg/l), and intramural haematoma (10 mg/l); (p=0.02). In multivariable analysis, aortic dissection patients had higher hsCRP levels than intramural haematoma (p=0.03) and symptomatic aortic aneurysm (p=0.04) patients, after adjusting for age and gender. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that elevated hsCRP levels at presentation were associated with a higher long-term mortality (p=0.007). Conclusions Among patients with AAS, those with aortic dissection have the highest hsCRP levels at presentation. Elevated hsCRP independently predicted a higher long-term mortality in AAS patients.
Alternatives for Outdoor Education Programming

(1981). Alternatives for Outdoor Education Programming. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, Including Leisure Today, pp. 64-67.
Induction of prodigiosin biosynthesis after shift-down in temperature of nonproliferating cells of Serratia marcescens.

Nonpigmented bacteria obtained by growth of Serratia marcescens at 38 C synthesized prodigiosin at 25 C if certain individual amino acids were added to cultures of nonproliferating cells. In order of effectiveness, the amino acids were: DL-histidine, L-proline, L-hydroxyproline, DL-alanine, L-alanine, DL-aspartic acid, D-alanine, DL-proline, L-serine, L-ornithine, L-glutamic acid, and D-proline. DL-Histidine at its optimal concentration (20 mg/ml) induced formation of prodigiosin (198 μg of prodigiosin per mg of bacterial protein) after incubation of cultures for 54 hr. Lower concentrations (10 mg/ml) of the other amino acids usually were optimum but less prodigiosin was synthesized, and the maximal amount of pigment occurred between 36 and 48 hr. DL-Methionine was not effective alone but at a low concentration (40 μg/ml) enhanced and accelerated biosynthesis of prodigiosin in the presence of other suitable amino acids. Addition of 2 mg of L-proline per ml at 0 hr induced formation of only 30 μg of prodigiosin after incubation for 42 hr, but addition at 36 hr of 5 mg more of L-proline per ml increased synthesis to 120 μg at 42 hr. Again, DL-methionine markedly augmented prodigiosin biosynthesis in these cultures. Synthesis of prodigiosin ceased if cultures were shifted from 25 to 38 C. Prodigiosin biosynthesis by the nonproliferating cells was maximum when cultures were aerated, the amount of bacterial protein was about 2.0 mg/ml, and amino acids were added at 0 hr. Bacteria synthesized prodigiosin most efficiently when they were harvested from aerated cultures grown at 38 C for 24 hr in a complete medium in a fermentor.
Species differences in bumblebee immune response predict developmental success of a parasitoid fly

Endoparasitoids develop inside the body of a host organism and, if successful, eventually kill their host in order to reach maturity. Host species can vary in their suitability for a developing endoparasitoid; in particular, the host immune response, which can suppress egg hatching and larval development, has been hypothesized to be one of the most important determinants of parasitoid host range. In this study, we investigated whether three bumblebee host species (Bombus bimaculatus, Bombus griseocollis, and Bombus impatiens) varied in their suitability for the development of a shared parasitoid, the conopid fly (Conopidae, Diptera) and whether the intensity of host encapsulation response, an insect immune defense against invaders, could predict parasitoid success. When surgically implanted with a nylon filament, B. griseocollis exhibited a stronger immune response than both B. impatiens and B. bimaculatus. Similarly, B. griseocollis was more likely to melanize conopid larvae from natural infections and more likely to kill conopids prior to its own death. Our results indicate that variation in the strength of the general immune response of insects may have ecological implications for sympatric species that share parasites. We suggest that, in this system, selection for a stronger immune response may be heightened by the pattern of phenological overlap between local host species and the population peak of their most prominent parasitoid.
Freudenfreude and Schadenfreude Test (FAST) Scores of Depressed and Non-Depressed Undergraduates:

Summary The Freundenfreude and Schadenfruede Test (FAST) had moderate test-retest reliability in an undergraduate sample. Freudenfreude scores were lower and Schadenfreude scores were higher among mildly depressed than non-depressed students. Distinctive reactions to personal success and failure were associated with depression (Seligman, 1990). Responses to others' success and failure may also be related to depression (Gilbert, McEwan, Bellew, Mills, & Gale, 2009).
Reconsidering Communication and the Discursive Politics of Organizational Change

With an interest in organizing discourses and attention to issues of power, I reconsider the relationship between communication and organizational change to better understand why change fails and what we can do about it. Specifically, I argue change fails because talk of change often suppresses, rather than celebrates, the emergence of conflicting organizational meanings. Embracing a constitutive perspective of communication and the notion that organizations are tension-filled, political sites of meaning-making talk, I argue that change fails when local articulations of alternative organizing discourses are unable to permeate mutually reinforcing understandings of organization. Meaningful change is thus enabled by creating open discursive spaces for organizational participants to constitute new organizing discourses. I provide the findings of a critically inspired, qualitative study of organizational change at a college of art and design to illustrate how embracing a constitutive-political perspective of ...
The Activated Form of the Lck Tyrosine Protein Kinase in Cells Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide Is Phosphorylated at Both Tyr-394 and Tyr-505

Members of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine protein kinases are known to be inhibited by the intramolecular association between a phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal tyrosine residue and the SH2 domain. We have previously shown that exposure of cells to H2O2 strongly activates Lck, a lymphocyte-specific Src family kinase, by inducing phosphorylation on Tyr-394, an absolutely conserved residue within the activation loop of the catalytic domain. Here we show that Lck that has been activated by H2O2 is simultaneously phosphorylated at both the carboxyl-terminal tyrosine (Tyr-505) and Tyr-394. Thus, dephosphorylation of Tyr-505 is not a prerequisite for either phosphorylation of Lck at Tyr-394 or catalytic activation of the kinase. These results indicate that activation of Lck by phosphorylation of Tyr-394 is dominant over any inhibition induced by phosphorylation of Tyr-505. We propose that these results may be extended to all Src family members.
Effects of saturated and unsaturated fats on learning, emotionality, and reaction to stress.

Dietary fat was manipulated in a pilot study to assess its effects on emotionality, operant conditioning, and escape conditioning in 30 male rats. Low-fat Ss learned best in the Skinner box. Those maintained on high saturated fat showed somewhat more emotionality but performed better in the water maze. There was some indication that restriction of dietary fat did not interfere with routine learning, but it did retard learning under stressful conditions.
A comparative study of magnesium sulphate tolerance in saline-water mosquito larvae

Abstract The waters in which saline-water mosquito larvae are found can differ substantially in the types and ratios of ions present. Inland saline waters are more likely to contain high levels of MgSO4 than are coastal ones. We undertook a study to determine if Aedes dorsalis, an inland species, is more tolerant of MgSO4 than Aedes taeniorhynchus, a coastal one. The effects of MgSO4 concentration were tested on all of the aquatic life stages of both species. Egg hatching was adversely affected at higher concentrations yet eggs would hatch in waters in which larvae could not survive. Younger larvae were more sensitive to MgSO4 toxicity than the third and fourth instars. No differences in larval tolerance to MgSO4 were observed between the two species indicating that neither species is ‘preadapted’ for MgSO4 tolerance. Pupae of both species were completely insensitive to the levels of MgSO4 tested. Larvae of A. taeniorhynchus reared in MgSO4-rich media showed substantial increases in tolerance to subsequent MgSO4 stress, possibly through an induction of Mg2+ and SO42− transport systems. Increased tolerance to MgSO4 required the presence of both Mg2+ and SO42− in the rearing medium. When larvae of both species were subjected to steadily increasing concentrations of seawater, A taeniorhynchus survived much higher concentrations than did A. dorsalis. Therefore, while the process of induction is very important in extending the ionic range over which larvae can survive and develop, the possible ionic range for each species is finite. The differences in ionic range for each species probably accounts for the diversity of ionic tolerance and species distribution observed in the field.
Linoleate content of epidermal acylglucosylceramide in newborn, growing and mature mice

Epidermis was collected from newborn, growing and adult mice. Acylglucosylceramide, a structurally unique O-acylsphingolipid, was isolated from each sample, and the ester-linked fatty acids were analyzed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. The esterified acids of acylglucosylceramide from newborn mice contained 12% linoleate. The linoleate content of the acylsphingolipid increased rapidly, doubling within 4 days and reaching an adult level of 45% within 2 months. The increase in the linoleate content of the epidermal lipid was accompanied by decreases in 16-carbon monoenoic fatty acids and saturated fatty acids ranging from 14 up to and including 24 carbons in length. These results indicate several potential problems for experimentation involving neonatal skin. Also, the possibility that neonatal mouse epidermis may provide a useful model system for studies on the relationship between linoleic acid and epidermal cell proliferation is also raised.
New B2O3 Crystals Predicted from Concurrent Molecular Dynamics Simulations and First-Principles Calculations

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, based on a new coordination-dependent charge-transfer potential, were used to study the behavior of crystalline B2O3 in response to various thermal and mechanical constraints. This interaction potential allows for the charges on atoms to redistribute upon the formation and rupture of chemical bonds and dynamically adjusts to multiple coordination states for a given species. Our MD simulations predict that upon isotropic expansion and compression, the B2O3-I crystal transforms into new low- and high-density B2O3 crystals, the stability of which we have further verified using first-principles calculations. The low-density B2O3 crystals (B2O3-0) provide a key to understanding the anomalous thermomechanical behaviors of vitreous B2O3 and the crystallization anomaly of this compound. The high-density B2O3 crystal (B2O3-III), predicted from concurrent MD simulations and first-principles calculations, is different from the known high-pressure phase of B2O3-II crystal, even th...
Evaluation of the Child With Acute Ataxia: A Systematic Review

Evaluation of acute ataxia in a child poses a dilemma for the clinician in determining the extent and timing of initial screening tests. This article reviews the evidence concerning the diagnostic yield of commonly ordered tests in evaluating the child with acute ataxia. The literature revealed the following frequencies of laboratory screening abnormalities in children with acute ataxia: CT (∼2.5%), MRI (∼5%), lumbar puncture (43%), EEG (42%), and toxicology (49%). In most studies, abnormalities detected by these screening tests were nondiagnostic. There are insufficient data to assess yields of testing for autoimmune disorders or inborn errors of metabolism. A toxicology screen should be considered in all children presenting with acute ataxia. Neuroimaging should be considered in all children with new onset ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis has limited diagnostic specificity unless clinically indicated. Studies to examine neurophysiology testing did have sufficient evidence to support their use. There is insufficient evidence to establish a role for autoantibody testing or for routine screening for inborn error of metabolism in children presenting with acute ataxia. Finally, in a child presenting with ataxia and opsoclonus myoclonus, urine catecholamine testing for occult neuroblastoma is recommended. Nuclear scan may be considered, however, there is insufficient evidence for additional body imaging.
Influenza-like illness among university students: symptom severity and duration due to influenza virus infection compared to other etiologies

Abstract Objective: University students with influenza-like illness (ILI) were assessed to determine whether symptom severity, duration, or missed days of school or work varied according to etiology. Participants: Sixty persons presenting to a university health clinic with ILI symptoms during 3 consecutive influenza seasons completed baseline survey and viral testing; 51 (85%) completed follow-up. Methods: Influenza viral culture and polymerase chain reaction and respiratory virus immunofluorescence assay testing were performed. Information collected at baseline and follow-up included symptom occurrence, severity, duration, and numbers of days of work and school missed. Results: Influenza virus was confirmed in 63% of participants. Influenza-positive individuals were no more likely to report any symptom or miss more days of school or work. Self-reported severity and durations of symptoms were similar between groups. Conclusions: Students with influenza-associated ILI were similar to those with noninfluenz...
Soft tissue grafting to improve implant esthetics

Dental implants are becoming the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth, especially if the adjacent teeth are free of restorations. When minimal bone width is present, implant placement becomes a challenge and often resulting in recession and dehiscence around the implant that leads to subsequent gingival recession. To correct such defect, the author turned to soft tissue autografting and allografting to correct a buccal dehiscence around tooth #24 after a malpositioned implant placed by a different surgeon. A 25-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of gingival recession and exposure of implant threads around tooth #24. The patient received three soft tissue grafting procedures to augment the gingival tissue. The first surgery included a connective tissue graft to increase the width of the keratinized gingival tissue. The second surgery included the use of autografting (connective tissue graft) to coronally position the soft tissue and achieve implant coverage. The third and final surgery included the use of allografting material Alloderm to increase and mask the implant from showing through the gingiva. Healing period was uneventful for the patient. After three surgical procedures, it appears that soft tissue grafting has increased the width and height of the gingiva surrounding the implant. The accomplished thickness of gingival tissue appeared to mask the showing of implant threads through the gingival tissue and allowed for achieving the desired esthetic that the patient desired. The aim of the study is to present a clinical case with soft tissue grafting procedures.
Clinical outcomes following re-admission for non-infectious wound complications after primary total knee replacement

Haematomas, drainage, and other non-infectious wound complications following total knee replacement (TKR) have been associated with long-term sequelae, in particular, deep infection. However, the impact of these wound complications on clinical outcome is unknown. This study compares results in 15 patients re-admitted for wound complications within 90 days of TKR to 30 matched patients who underwent uncomplicated total knee replacements. Patients with wound complications had a mean age of 66 years (49 to 83) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 37 (21 to 54), both similar to that of patients without complications (mean age 65 years and mean BMI 35). Those with complications had lower mean Knee Society function scores (46 (0 to 100 vs 66 (20 to 100), p = 0.047) and a higher incidence of mild or greater pain (73% vs 33%, p = 0.01) after two years compared with the non re-admitted group. Expectations in patients with wound complications following TKR should be tempered, even in those who do not develop an infection. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:619–21.
Methodology to design and implement an expert system for aids

We present a method to design and implement an expert system for medicine: In particular, an expert system for the prevention, diagnosis, detection, and recommended treatment for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. This system will have the following goals: (1) Aid the physician whose specialty is not immunology or related fields to identify the disease in a patient on the basis of symptoms before a laboratory test is completed; (2) If no physician is available to allow the nurse or other medically trained personnel to make a preliminary diagnosis; (3) Where no medically trained personnel is available, such as in certain parts of Africa, to assume the role of a physician; the system will be implemented on a microcomputer to assure accessibility by most users even for those that cannot afford a minicomputer or a mainframe.This rule-based system includes the following features necessary to achieve the goals stated above. It contains an antecedents/consequences database and will allow both forward and backward chaining. The System has the capability of conflict resolution by context limiting strategy. It is able to explain the deductive and possibily inductive process by stepping forward or backward in an Inference Net. It should have facilities to incorporate new knowledge into rules, a feature that is indispensible in view of the daily discoveries in this field. Certainty factors will be assigned to the production rules and human experts will be consulted to provide an empirical transformation function to map input certainties onto a certainty of the consequent.To obtain certainty factors a Bayesian model may be used. Since the diagnosis made by different physicians may be different, a better mathematical solution might be obtained using a collective decision circuit. Thus the symptoms or signs will be assigned to the columns of a matrix, and the physicians will be assigned to the rows. This matrix will then contain the different weights assigned to each symptom by different physicians. The optimization of this neural network should yield a set of "best" weights. This solution may yield either a unique value for each weights, or failing that, a range of optimal weights. The medical implication would be that a unique diagnosis in the latter case is not possible, and that more diagnostic data are desirable. The physician will have a guide as to the relative colleagues. It does not imply, however, that this result is non-contestable. One possible procedure to solve this type of problem, the Yale Gradient Method, has been described earlier (1). A detailed exploration of this many dimensional surface will likely lead us to more than one "valley" which may provide alternate diagnosis. Other possible procedures, such as the Least Square Method, can also be employed. This study not only provides medical information, but can be used to study the applicability and validity of neural network itself. For instance, the gradient method may lead to different solutions depending upon the initial state chosen.
Spatial Dispersion Effects in Resonant Polariton Scattering. II. Resonant Brillouin Scattering

Inelastic scattering of light near an exciton resonance is considered, using a polariton description of the scattering process. We obtain the following results: for incident frequency approaching the resonance from below, the Brillouin shift increases; very near and above resonance, extra lines are predicted with intensities comparable to the usual lines. They form an octet instead of the familiar Brillouin doublet. Numerical calculations of the Brillouin scattering for CdS are given: The shifts and extra lines seem to be observable.
Probing Biomolecule-Surface Interactions with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the interactions of peptides and proteins with metal sur faces. Systematic studies on small biomolecules provide insi...
Foreign body ingestion and aspiration.

1. Marisa C. Louie, MD* 2. Stuart Bradin, DO* 1. *Pediatric Emergency Medicine Division, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize the presenting history, signs, and symptoms of patients who have swallowed or inhaled foreign bodies. 2. Discuss the long-term complications of gastrointestinal and airway foreign bodies. 3. Describe appropriate management strategies for patients who have common esophageal and gastric foreign bodies. 4. Identify the risks associated with ingestion of button batteries and recognize when emergent removal is necessary. 5. Maintain a high level of suspicion for aspirated foreign bodies, recognizing that delays in diagnosis can lead to increased complications. ### Case 1 A 3-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician's office by his mother after an older sibling saw him swallow two small pieces from a magnetic building set. He is playful and smiling. There is no history of choking or distress. Radiography reveals two small rodlike objects in his stomach. ### Case 2 A 10-year-old girl who has developmental delay is brought to the emergency department after possibly swallowing a calculator battery 2 hours ago. She is asymptomatic. On the radiograph, a small round object is seen in the lower esophagus. ### Case 3 A 2-year-old boy is brought into an urgent care facility for new-onset wheezing. He has a low-grade fever and cough but no rhinorrhea. He has mild tachypnea with wheezing on the right side. Albuterol treatments and steroids are started. In spite of several treatments, he continues to wheeze. These three cases are examples of a common pediatric problem: foreign body ingestion and aspiration. Because toddlers explore the world with their mouths, tend to eat and run, and have a less developed chewing ability, they are the most common age group seen for foreign body complaints. Many studies report a slight male predominance. This review addresses foreign body ingestion and aspiration. ### Background Foreign body ingestion is a frequent reason for pediatric visits. Coins are common culprits, followed by small toys …
Structure of the two transmembrane Cu+ transport sites of the Cu+ -ATPases.

Cu+-ATPases drive metal efflux from the cell cytoplasm. Paramount to this function is the binding of Cu+ within the transmembrane region and its coupled translocation across the permeability barrier. Here, we describe the two transmembrane Cu+ transport sites present in Archaeoglobus fulgidus CopA. Both sites can be independently loaded with Cu+. However, their simultaneous occupation is associated with enzyme turnover. Site I is constituted by two Cys in transmembrane segment (TM) 6 and a Tyr in TM7. An Asn in TM7 and Met and Ser in TM8 form Site II. Single site x-ray spectroscopic analysis indicates a trigonal coordination in both sites. This architecture is distinct from that observed in Cu+-trafficking chaperones and classical cuproproteins. The high affinity of these sites for Cu+ (Site I Ka = 1.3 fm–1, Site II Ka = 1.1 fm–1), in conjunction with reversible direct Cu+ transfer from chaperones, points to a transport mechanism where backward release of free Cu+ to the cytoplasm is largely prevented.