cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discovery of an Eo-Meso-Neoarchean terrane in the East Greenland Caledonides

a b s t r a c t This study investigates basement gneisses from the Niggli Spids thrust sheet of the East Greenland Caledonides in an attempt to place them into the broader context of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic architecture of the Greenland shield. Our combined whole-rock geochemical and U-Pb zircon geochronol- ogy results from Gaseland reveal an Archean terrane defined by TTG magmatic events at 3607 Ma and 3070-2980 Ma followed by metamorphism and high-K granite intrusion at 2790-2677 Ma. These results identify a relatively pristine Archean terrane with previously unknown Eoarchean rocks that holds poten- tial for future investigations into the early evolution of continental crust, and adds to a growing body of data characterizing the Archean-Paleoproterozoic architecture of East Greenland.
Mass transfer in rapidly photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels used for chemical sensing

Abstract Mass transfer in rapidly photopolymerized hydrogel networks of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was investigated to characterize these materials for potential biosensor applications. The rapid polymerization from a concentrated polymer precursor solution results in a tightly cross-linked hydrogel network that potentially contains microgels, all conditions that can hinder analyte mass transfer. We examined the mass transfer characteristics of microspheres fabricated from diacrylated PEG (MW 575), dimethacrylated PEG (MW 1000), or tetraacrylated PEG (MW 18,500) mixed with trimethylolpropane triacrylate, a triacrylated cross-linking agent, whose concentration ranged up to 20% (v/v). Swelling behavior was dynamically characterized starting from a dehydrated state using a CCD-camera integrated with an inverted microscope. Hydrogel swelling was extremely rapid with gel front diffusivities on the order of 10−6 cm2/s. Estimated hydrogel mesh sizes ranged from 8.6 to 13.7 A for spheres fabricated using PEG with molecular weights between 575 and 1000, to 103 A for spheres fabricated using PEG with a molecular weight of 18,500. Dynamic uptake of tetramethylrhodamine was followed using a fluorescence microscope to estimate small analyte diffusivities into the hydrogel networks. Tetramethylrhodamine diffusivities were on the order of 10−7–10−9 cm2/s. Experimental diffusivities were used to simulate mass transfer into the gel and thus the potential response time of biosensors based on these systems.
Ultraviolet fluorescence lifetime in trans-stilbene crystal with single photons☆

Abstract The decay of 385 nm photons from a thin trans-stilbene crystal excited by 2 picosecond pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation was measured (P. Harihar et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. Trans. 38 (1993) 1645) by the single photon method (L.M. Bollinger and G.E. Thomas, Rev. Sci. Instr. 32 (1961) 1044).
Fatty acyl-CoAs Inhibit Retinoic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Hep3B Cells

Abstract Retinoic acid (RA) induces apoptosis in Hep3B human hepatoma cells. 9-Cis-RA (c-RA) had a similar effect as all-trans-RA (t-RA) in inducing cell death in Hep3B cells. RA-induced Hep3B-cell death was associated with inhibited expression of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) gene. Palmitoyl-CoA ((C16:0)-CoA), the reported HNF-4 ligand, prevented RA-induced apoptosis. The effect of (C16:0)-CoA was specific, since palmitic acid and co-enzyme A had no effect in preventing RA-induced apoptosis. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) also prevented RA-induced apoptosis. However, in contrast to BSA, which induced cell growth, (C16:0)-CoA alone had no effect on cell growth. Investigating the possible role of HNF-4 in apoptosis, the reported HNF-4 antagonist (C18:0)-CoA was employed, and it also prevented RA-induced apoptosis. By transient transfection, overexpression of HNF-4 did not prevent RA-induced apoptosis. The induction and prevention of apoptosis caused by RA and (C16:0)-CoA were associated, respectively with the induction and inhibition of the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which is known to play a role in apoptosis. Furthermore, RA and (C16:0)-CoA can regulate AP-1, which is a key regulator of the TGFβ gene. Our data indicate that fatty acyl-CoAs can prevent RA-induced apoptosis and that TGFβ, rather than HNF-4, may play a role in these regulatory processes. Our data also suggest that (C16:0)-CoA and (C18:0)-CoA are not the agonist and antagonist for HNF4, respectively in the Hep3B cell system.
Schlieren Technique for Studying Water Flow in Marine Animals

A Schlieren optical technique has been developed for studying the flow of water through certain mollusks and brachiopods in sea-water environments. Optical contrast is accomplished by changing either the temperature or salinity of the water. A temperature difference of 0.1°C or a change in salinity of 0.5 per thousand over a path 1 mm long is visible. The technique may be applied in situ in the ocean or through windows in aquaria.
Improvement in assay sensitivity for plasma dolastatin-10 using capillary electrophoresis at elevated temperatures

The very potent antimitotic and anticancer agent, dolastatin-10 (DOL-10), currently undergoing testing in a phase II clinical trial, has been quantitated previously in human plasma by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). This method provides a lower limit of detection of 25 ng/ml DOL-10 from extracted patient samples. Without changes in preconcentration techniques, we report a significant improvement in the sensitivity of this method using elevated temperatures with conventional UV absorbance detection and liquid-liquid extraction which lowers the detection limit to 3 ng/ml of the drug. An elevated separation temperature of 50 degrees C was critical in achieving this 8x improvement in the detection limit. Partial validation of the method at this temperature gave excellent linearity (0-100 ng/ml; y=0.018x+0.085, r=0.993), limit of quantitation (5 ng/ml), and good overall recovery of the drug (>85%). We have applied this improved method towards the in vivo quantitation of DOL-10 in mice and in a patient receiving the drug in a phase I clinical study. From these analyses we conclude that this method is suitable for clinical studies where plasma levels of DOL-10 are > or = 5 ng/ml.
Basal till fabrics of modern alpine glaciers

Basal-till fabrics from three alpine glaciers ranging in length from 2.5 to 7.5 km were analyzed. Fabric patterns are similar to those reported from basal tills of lowland glaciers: a single mode parallel to ice-flow direction and a preference for up-glacier dips. Eigenvalue analysis, however, showed that the preferred planes of the a axes are weaker than those reported from one Pleistocene ice sheet. Two methods of analysis indicated that there is little relation between clast orientation and clast size or shape.
EFFECT OF INERTIA FORCES ON THE DAMPING OF A CONSTRAINED LAYER FINITELY DEFORMED IN SHEARING

We analyze the e!ect of inertia forces on damping induced during large shearing deformations of an isotropic, incompressible and homogeneous viscoelastic layer constrained between two rigid circular cylinders. The layer is deformed by holding the inner solid cylinder "xed and rotating the outer one by applying to it a time-harmonic axisymmetric tangential velocity. It is assumed that the layer sticks to the cylinder walls and the length of each cylinder is very large as compared to the inner radius of the outer cylinder so that the end e!ects can be neglected. Thus, a material particle undergoes only tangential displacement which is assumed to be a function of the radial co-ordinate, r and time, t. That is,
Serotonergic and GABAergic neurons in the medial rostral ventral medulla express κ-opioid receptor immunoreactivity

Abstract Activation of κ -opioid receptors in the rostral ventral medulla has been reported to attenuate analgesia induced by activation of μ -opioid receptors in the periaqueductal gray matter. Previous studies have suggested that the cells associated with this effect might contain serotonin. In the present study, we investigated the relationship of the cloned κ -opioid receptor to spinally projecting neurons immunoreactive for serotonin or GABA. This was done by employing two-color immunofluorescence in combination with retrograde tract-tracing using Fluoro-Gold. In the rostral ventral medulla, neurons triple-labeled for the cloned κ -opioid receptor, serotonin and Fluoro-Gold were observed; neurons double-labeled for the cloned κ -opioid receptor and serotonin, or single-labeled for the cloned κ -opioid receptor or for serotonin were also observed. In addition, cloned κ -opioid receptor immunoreactivity was expressed in some cell profiles immunoreactive for GABA. The expression of the cloned κ -opioid receptor in the spinal cord dorsal horn was not associated with processes immunoreactive for serotonin. Our findings suggest that κ -opioid receptors in the rostral ventral medulla are positioned to directly control the activity of at least some serotonergic neurons projecting to the dorsal spinal cord. Thus, it appears possible that the anti-analgesic action resulting from microinjection of κ -opioid agonists into the rostral ventral medulla is mediated, at least in part, by these neurons.
Determination of natural modes of distributed networks

The letter illustrates the application of the author's previous work to a distributed network, emphasises the properties of evanescent-mode filters recently described by Craven and gives an example of an application of electromagnetic analogue to the calculation of characteristic frequencies of a quantum-mechanical potential function.
Evidence of Widespread Natural Reproduction by Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Michigan Waters of Lake Huron

Localized natural reproduction of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron has occurred since the 1980s near Thunder Bay, Michigan. During 2004–2006, USGS spring and fall bottom trawl surveys captured 63 wild juvenile lake trout at depths ranging from 37–73 m at four of five ports in the Michigan waters of the main basin of Lake Huron, more than five times the total number captured in the previous 30-year history of the surveys. Relatively high catches of wild juvenile lake trout in bottom trawls during 2004–2006 suggest that natural reproduction by lake trout has increased and occurred throughout the Michigan waters of the main basin. Increased catches of wild juvenile lake trout in the USGS fall bottom trawl survey were coincident with a drastic decline in alewife abundance, but data were insufficient to determine what mechanism may be responsible for increased natural reproduction by lake trout. We recommend further monitoring of juvenile lake trout abundance and research into early life history of lake trout in Lake Huron.
Simulation and projection of metropolitan housing conditions

The historical evolution of the population of a metropolitan area clearly has an important influence on the current condition of the physical capital of the area. In this paper, a vintagetype model of residential construction which is based on an acceleration principle in which population changes determine the amount of construction that is undertaken at any point in time is developed. The model is used to simulate the age distribution of New York City given the historical time path of population. The simulation results provide a test of the validity of the model as well as some insight into the magnitude of the problem associated with the deterioration of the housing stock. Several types of population growth trends are estimated and used in conjunction with the simulation model to generate projections of future housing conditions.
Anti Hu Syndrome With Atypical Electrodiagnostic Findings

Anti-Hu syndrome is a paraneoplastic process associated with lung malignancy. Patients usually present with a sensory neuropathy, cerebellar syndrome or limbic encephalitis. Although motor involvement is described it is relatively rare and forms part of a more complex presentation with multiple systems affected. doi:10.4021/jnr111w
Abstract LB-115: NAC1 is an actin binding protein essential for the cytokinesis of cancer cells and plays a role in the patterning of murine vertebral axis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) is a member of the BTB (Bric-a-Brac Tramtrack Broad complex) family of proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated NAC1 expression is essential for sustaining cancer cell proliferation and migration, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this report, we show that NAC1 is an actin monomer binding protein with a Kd of 0.78 μM, and the BTB domain is the actin-binding domain. Disrupting NAC1 protein complex function using a dominant-negative construct or RNA-interference resulted in reduced traction and incomplete abscission during late stage cytokinesis leading to multi-nucleation of cancer cells. We examined the phenotype of Nac1 knockout mice, and discovered the loss in expression of the Nac1 protein led to a patterning defect of the vertebral skeletal axis. Nac1-null mice were correlated with morphological transformation of the sixth lumbar vertebra into a sacral identity; a decreased total number of pre-sacral vertebrae elements from 26 in wild type mice to 25. Taken together, we explored the role of NAC1 as an actin binding protein essential for the cytokinesis of cancer cells, and its effects on patterning of the murine vertebral axis. These findings advance our knowledge of this physiologically-relevant protein in the field of mammalian development and cancer biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-115. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-115
Effect of the dialdehyde derivative of 5'-deoxyinosine on pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism in L1210 cells.

Abstract The effects of the dialdehyde derivatives of inosine (Inox) and 5′-deoxyinosine (5′-dInox) on L1210 cells were compared. The growth of L1210 cells was inhibited to a greater extent by 5′-dInox than by Inox. The increased inhibition of L1210 cell growth by 5′-dInox was also reflected by the increased inhibition of the incorporation of precursors into RNA, DNA and proteins. Even though 5′-dInox was a more potent inhibitor, Inox accumulated in the L1210 cells to levels 4- to 5-fold greater than 5′-dInox. The metabolism of [5- 3 H]deoxycytidine and [5- 3 H]deoxyuridine by L1210 cells in culture, in the presence of Inox or 5′-dInox, indicated that dCMP deaminase was an intracellular site of action for 5′-dInox. The dCMP deaminase activity in cell-free extracts prepared from 5′-dInox-treated cells was reduced markedly. This decrease in activity was not reversed by increased substrate concentrations nor was the activity subject to allosteric activation by dCTP. Deoxyuridine and deoxycytidine were able to reverse the effects of 5′-dInox on the inhibition of L1210 cell growth.
NORMALISING ACP IN THE COMMUNITY

Background Advance care planning is the process of coming to a greater understanding of future medical decisions; personally reflecting on those decisions; discussing the options and plans with others who are close; and creating a clear plan of action. This is a process that needs to be part not only of the health care system, but also of the community life. Aim To explore the way that the process of advance care planning can become part of family and community life. Discussion While advance care planning is often focused on medical treatment decisions, for example, resuscitation, in reality such planning is more about values and goals of individuals. As such, it has as much to do with fundamental beliefs, obligations; relationships; and values as it does about information regarding a treatment. It is coming to a fuller and timely understanding of these aspects of an individual9s life that the goals of medical care and the treatment decisions get shaped. In this regard advance care planning is a human activity that involves relationships and activities like religion and culture. Such conversations belong as much in the community as they do in the hospital. This broader approach, however, is not well understood by the larger community nor is it fully trusted. To have a highly successful advance care planning approach requires the engagement of a wide variety of organisations and institutions from the community. This presentation will explore effective methods of such engagement and consider how it improves outcomes.
Image, Myth, and Dialectic in Plato

This essay describes and illustrates the role that (verbal) pictures in general can play in the search for knowledge. Focusing on myth as a particular kind of verbal image, this essay examines the new form of myth that Plato creates and defines, and the role that this new form of myth can play in a philosophical logos.
Notes on the Vibration of Transmission-Line Conductors

This paper describes tests made with a graphic recorder to show the vibration of transmission-line conductors under various conditions of wind velocity, conductor tension and span length. The method of taking the records is discussed. Formulas are given for determining the velocity of propagation of transverse waves along a conductor, the wavelength of a vibration, and the frequency of vibrations caused by ``eddies'' formed at a conductor subjected to air currents.
Prostate-specific antigen and detection of prostate cancer: What have we learned and what should we recommend for screening?

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has become one of the most commonly used cancer clinical tests, and routine PSA-based screening has led to a dramatic increase in prostate cancer detection. A significant downward stage migration has resulted, and a decrease in prostate cancer mortality has also been observed. However, PSA screening remains controversial because there is no definitive proof that it decreases prostate cancer death rates, and there is concern that it may detect a significant number of clinically insignificant cancers. Screening age and interval have been recently questioned, and the best threshold to recommend biopsy has been complicated by new data showing that prostate cancer exists at all PSA levels, even those thought to be “normal” in the past. It is hoped that ongoing prospective screening trials will determine the value of PSA screening. However, until these results are available the controversy will continue, and men will continue to be screened.
Valence effective Hamiltonian study of the electronic structure of polysulfur nitride, (SN)x

Abstract We investigate the applicability of the valence effective Hamiltonian (VEH) pseudopotential method, which has been originally developed to study the electronic properties of hydrocarbon-based polymers, to systems involving bonds between heteroatoms such as S and N. Polysulfur nitride is chosen as a prototypical example. The VEH band structure of polysulfur nitride is found to reproduce very well previously published Hartree-Fock ab initio band structures. The VEH-calculated density of states is in excellent agreement with the XPS experimental spectrum.
Organ-sparing surgical treatment of giant hepatic hydatid cysts.

Abstract Background Excision of giant hepatic hydatid cysts may be associated with loss of hepatic tissue. We describe a method for obliterating spacious residual cavities that promotes salvage of healthy liver parenchyma. Methods After simple cystectomy, the residual cavity is obliterated by manual compression of the healthy liver parenchyma from the left and right toward the midline of the cavity. While compression is maintained, the approximated edges of the cyst's fibrous capsule are closed with mattress sutures. Omentoplasty or gelatine sponges are used to fill the dead space prior to suturing of the fibrous capsule. Results The method was used in 8 patients between 1993 and 2000. No sepsis, postoperative bile leak, or other complications occurred. No long-term adverse effects were found. Conclusions This method is simple and effective for obliteration of extremely large residual cavities after cystectomy for liver hydatidosis. It may be used safely in selected patients.
Incremental micro-UAV motion replanning for exploring unknown environments

This paper describes an approach to motion generation for quadrotor micro-UAV's navigating cluttered and partially known environments. We pursue a graph search method that, despite the high dimensionality of the problem, the complex dynamics of the system and the continuously changing environment model is capable of generating dynamically feasible motions in real-time. This is enabled by leveraging the differential flatness property of the system and by developing a structured search space based on state lattice motion primitives. We suggest a greedy algorithm to generate these primitives off-line automatically, given the robot's motion model. The process samples the reachability of the system and reduces it to a set of representative, canonical motions that are compatible with the state lattice structure, which guarantees that any incremental replanning algorithm is able to produce smooth dynamically feasible motion plans while reusing previous computation between replans. Simulated and physical experimental results demonstrate real-time replanning due to the inevitable and frequent world model updates during micro-UAV motion in partially known environments.
Plastic dissipation in fatigue crack growth under mixed-mode loading

Abstract A new theory of fatigue crack growth in ductile solids has recently been proposed based on the total plastic energy dissipation per cycle ahead of the crack. This and previous energy-based approaches in the literature suggest that the total plastic dissipation per cycle can be closely correlated with fatigue crack growth rates under mode I loading. The goal of the current study is to extend the dissipated energy approach to steady-state crack growth under mixed-mode I/II loading conditions, with ultimate application to cyclic delamination of ductile interfaces in layered materials. The total plastic dissipation per cycle is obtained herein by 2-D elastic–plastic finite element analysis of a stationary crack in a general mixed-mode specimen geometry under constant amplitude loading. Both elastic–perfectly plastic and bilinear kinematic hardening constitutive behaviors are considered, and numerical results for a dimensionless plastic dissipation per cycle are presented over the full range of relevant mechanical properties and mixed-mode loading conditions. Results provide substantial insight into the effects of crack-tip constraint, material hardening behavior and applied mode–mix ratio on the dissipated energy during fatigue crack growth.
Visual and somato-sensory evoked responses from mongoloid and normal children.

Abstract Visual and somato-sensory evoked responses were recorded from central and occipital scalp of twenty-four mongoloid and twenty-four normal children matched for age, handedness and sex. Experiments were designed to measure both response reliability and group homogeneity. A factorial design was used to assess differences in latency of wave components and peak-to-through amplitude. The results were as follows. 1. 1. Visual and somato-sensory evoked response measures of reliability were high for both mongoloid and control groups. There were no significant differences between groups in either short- or long-term reliability measures. 2. 2. The amplitude of visual evoked responses recorded from central scalp was greater in the right hemisphere with the control group, while no significant hemispheric asymmetry was demonstrated in the responses of the mongoloid group. 3. 3. The visual evoked responses recorded from occipital scalp and the somato-sensory responses recorded from central scalp were more homogeneous among the mongoloid subjects than were the responses of the control group. The somato-sensory response of the mongoloid children was sufficiently unique to be recognized with relatively casual inspection. 4. 4. Markedly greater amplitudes and later peak latencies were found in the late components of the pattern in mongoloid children. Large amplitude differences distinguished the two groups regardless of shock intensity level. Mongoloid subjects give highly stable and more homogeneous evoked responses to flash and shock stimuli than control subjects. Although their evoked response does not “fit” those in other studies of impaired CNS variables, it is proposed that the mongoloid group includes a unique CNS disorder that is common only to the subjects in the group and that this disorder results in a stable and characteristic response.
Behavior Problems and Maternal and Family Factors in Children Who Were Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) ♦ 1258

Recent follow-up studies of VLBW infants have focused on cognitive, sensory, motor, and educational outcome, with relatively little emphasis placed on behavioral and social adjustment outcome. The few studies that have included those outcomes have not explored whether a child's behavior and social adjustment, as reported by the parent, is influenced by the parent's own psychological status. The present study explored the relationships between family stress, maternal anxiety and optimism, and maternal reported child behavior problems in a sample of 8-year-olds who had been born VLBW. Fifty infants born between 1986 and 1988 with BW .05). Family and maternal variables accounted for 10 to 25% of the variance associated with scores on behavioral and social adjustment measures. It appears that behavioral and social adjustment outcome may be viewed as stemming from an interaction of biologic, family, and maternal variables. Investigators are cautioned to include measures of family and parent stress in their follow-up studies of high-risk infants.
Gamow-Teller resonances

Abstract Experimental advances have made it possible to explore Gamow-Teller (GT) strength functions over the full excitation energy range associated with shell model nuclear particle-hole states. It is found that giant GT resonances exist quite generally and the excitation energy of the centroid is near that of the isobaric analog state. The integrated strength over the whole observed strength function is found to be typically only about half of the minimum required strength for the neutron excess of the parent state. This is a serious failure of ordinary nuclear models and seems to indicate a significant coupling of nucleon structure into nuclear structure.
Transport properties of LPCVD a-Si:H solar cells

Abstract Capacitance and collection efficiency measurements on all-CVD pin solar cells are presented, indicating high space charge density and a thin front junction space charge region. These results, along with Jsc vs. thickness, are consistent with a series-connected double junction model. Analysis of collection efficiency using μτ = 1–4×10−9cm2/V for holes yields good agreement to measured values.
A review of lot streaming

In this paper we present a review of the literature on lot streaming. Lot streaming is a technique that accelerates the flow of a product through a production system by splitting its production lot into sublots and then processing the sublots simultaneously over the machines, thereby reducing the work-in-process and cycle time. We divide the work presented in the literature into two categories on the basis of whether the objective function used is time-based or cost-based. We use a classification scheme to represent various lot-streaming problems. Lot streaming has been applied for the processing of jobs in a variety of machine configurations, including flow shops, job shops, open shops, parallel machines, and hybrid flow shops, even though the bulk of studies have been devoted to flow shop scheduling problems. We have also included the use of lot streaming in an assembly environment in which the subassemblies supplied by the vendors at the first stage are assembled in the second stage, and this constitut...
Correction to "Achieving the Welch Bound With Difference Sets"

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1900-1907, May 05), changes were made to equations on p. 1905.
PHOTOINHIBITION OF GROWTH OF- A YELLOW AND A COLORLESS FORM OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII*

— Long-term growth on acetate in darkness of a permanently yellow and a white-in-darkness mutant of Chlamydomonus reinhardtii showed no requirement for light. Room light or moderate intensities of white light severely inhibited the white mutant, but allowed continuous growth of the yellow form. Blue light (460 nm) stops motility and growth, and induces clumping, in the white form at energy levels which only reduce the growth rate of the yellow mutant. Green light (550 nm) had no effect on either strain, while red light (630 nm), at equal energy levels, affected the white mutant only, however, not as severely as blue light. The mechanism of action of blue and red light is unknown. Evidence suggested the inhibition is not due to cell exudates.
Equivalent accelerated life testing plans for log-location-scale distributions

Accelerated life testing (ALT) is widely used to determine the failure time distribution of a product and the associated life-stress relationship in order to predict the product's reliability under normal operating conditions. Many types of stress loadings such as constant-stress, step-stress and cyclic-stress can be utilized when conducting ALT. Extensive research has been conducted on the analysis of ALT data obtained under a specified stress loading. However, the equivalency of ALT experiments involving different stress loadings has not been investigated. In this article, a log-location-scale distribution under Type I censoring is considered in planning ALT. An idea is provided for the equivalency of various ALT plans involving different stress loadings. Based on this idea, general equivalent ALT plans and some special types of equivalent ALT plans are explored. For demonstration, a constant-stress ALT and a ramp-stress ALT for miniature lamps are presented and their equivalency is investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Description of pharmacist interventions during physician-pharmacist co-management of hypertension.

Objective The aim of this study is to describe recommendations made by clinical pharmacists when co-managing hypertension with physicians. Setting Two family medicine clinics at a major teaching hospital in the mid-western United States. Method This report details the specific recommendations made by pharmacists during a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension were enrolled in a 9-month intensive pharmacist–physician co-management study. Clinical pharmacists saw patients at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 8 month visits. Optional visits were allowed between required visits. Main outcome measure For this analysis, pharmacist recommendations were grouped. Physician acceptance of the pharmacists’ recommendations was also evaluated. Results Data from 101 patients were included and analyzed in this study. Changes in drug therapy were recommended 267 times for these 101 patients. Most recommendations for a change in treatment involved adding a new antihypertensive medication (46.4%) or increasing a dose (33.3%). The majority of pharmacist recommendations to modify drug therapy were made at the baseline visit (41.6%), with 76.8% of recommendations made by the 2 month visit. Physicians accepted and implemented 95.9% of the 267 pharmacist recommendations to modify drug therapy. Pharmacists recommended no change in the treatment plan 361 times, most often because the patient’s blood pressure (BP) had achieved the goal. Average BP decreased from 153.1 ± 10.0/84.9 ± 12.0 mmHg (average ± SD) at baseline to 124.2 ± 9.7/74.7 ± 9.6 mmHg (P < 0.001) at the end of 9 months, with 89.1% (P < 0.001) of patients reaching their BP goal. Conclusion Pharmacist recommendations for alterations in drug therapy generally occurred early in the course of the study and were largely to intensify therapy through higher dosages or additional medications. Pharmacist–physician co-management of BP is effective at reducing BP and improving BP control rates.
Refrigerated osteoarticular allografts to treat articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyles. A prospective outcomes study.

Background: Because of concerns about infections with the use of fresh osteoarticular allografts, osteoarticular allografts are currently stored hypothermically for a minimum of fourteen days to allow for serologic and microbiologic testing prior to implantation. Refrigerated osteoarticular allograft transplants are often used to treat symptomatic chondral and osteochondral defects in young, active patients. Chondrocyte viability has been shown to decrease substantially when allografts are stored for longer than twenty-eight days. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and functional outcomes of patients receiving refrigerated osteoarticular allografts between fifteen and twenty-eight days after procurement. Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients (twenty-three knees) who underwent treatment of focal articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyles with refrigerated osteoarticular grafts were prospectively followed for an average of three years. The average age of the implanted refrigerated allografts was 20.3 days. The patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with validated outcome surveys. Results: The mean modified Cincinnati knee ratings significantly improved from baseline to the time of the final follow-up, with an increase from 27.3 to 36.5 on the subscale rating for function (p < 0.01), from 21.9 to 32.5 on the subscale rating for symptoms (p < 0.03), and from 49.2 to 69.0 for the overall score (p < 0.02). The mean International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score improved from 52 points at baseline to 68.5 points at the time of the final follow-up (p < 0.03). A significant improvement was also found for effusions and functional testing (the single-leg hop) (p < 0.001 for both). Radiographic evaluation at the time of the final follow-up revealed that twenty-two of the twenty-three grafts were in stable position with good osseous incorporation into host bone. No graft failure was encountered. Conclusions: Transplantation of refrigerated osteoarticular allografts stored between fifteen and twenty-eight days provides significant functional and clinical improvement after an average follow-up of three years in patients treated for a full-thickness osteochondral defect of the femoral condyle, with similar outcomes to historical reports of patients with fresh allograft implants. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fabrication of InAs Wires in Nanochannel Glass

Indium arsenide wires have been fabricated in a glass host consisting of a high density array of uniformly shaped channels in a matrix glass. Reactions between organoindium compounds and arsine have produced polycrystalline InAs with crystallite sizes of approximately 10 nanometers when annealed at 400°C. At higher annealing temperatures, the wires exhibit an increase in surface porosity and grain size.
Comparison of Four Antiseptic Preparations for Skin in the Prevention of Contamination of Percutaneously Drawn Blood Cultures: a Randomized Trial

A number of skin antiseptics have been used to prevent the contamination of blood cultures, but the comparative efficacies of these agents have not been extensively evaluated. We therefore sought to compare the efficacy of four skin antiseptics in preventing blood culture contamination in a randomized, crossover, investigator-blinded study conducted in an emergency department and the inpatient wards of a university hospital. The patient group included all patients from whom blood samples were obtained percutaneously for culture. Skin antisepsis was performed with 10% povidone-iodine, 70% isopropyl alcohol, tincture of iodine, or povidone-iodine with 70% ethyl alcohol (i.e., Persist). The blood culture contamination rate associated with each antiseptic was then determined. A total of 333 (2.62%) of 12,692 blood cultures were contaminated during the study period compared to 413 (3.21%) of 12,859 blood cultures obtained during the previous 12-month period (relative risk = 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.71 to 0.94; P = 0.006). During the study, the contamination rates were determined to be 2.93% with povidone-iodine, 2.58% with tincture of iodine, 2.50% with isopropyl alcohol, and 2.46% with Persist (P = 0.62). We detected no significant differences in the blood culture contamination rates among these four antiseptics, although there was some evidence suggesting greater efficacy among the alcohol-containing antiseptics. Among the evaluated antiseptics, isopropyl alcohol may be the optimal antiseptic for use prior to obtaining blood for culture, given its convenience, low cost, and tolerability.
Strategies for the Management of Patients with Obesity

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide. During the last two decades, the prevalence of adults in the higher body mass index (BMI) categories in the US has increased the most, as much as 300% for those with a BMI above 40kg/m2. In children and adolescents, a doubling of the prevalence of severe overweight poses a serious health risk to future generations of young adults who may develop chronic diseases normally associated with aging. The simple definition of obesity, an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, ignores the complexity of, and largely unknown interactions between, genes, food intake and physical activity, which together determine bodyweight and fat distribution. Although the etiology and manifestations of overweight and obesity are complex, the assessment of overweight and obesity requires only an accurate measurement of bodyweight, height and abdominal circumference, as well as a history and physical examination attuned to the morbidities that commonly accompany overweight and obesity such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and sleep apnea. The treatment of patients with overweight and obesity continues to be based on changes to diet and physical activity. Simple behavior modification techniques are within the reach of busy clinicians. The additional use of available bodyweight reduction medications can reliably lead to a 5 to 10% reduction from initial bodyweight, a loss that has been shown to provide significant health benefit. The use of meal replacements has also been shown to be effective and is probably an under-appreciated treatment resource. Surgery is the most successful treatment for those with severe obesity and should be discussed as an option for those in the appropriate bodyweight categories. Because societal trends favor the greater intake of calorie-dense foods and less physical activity to accomplish the activities of daily life, the future of obesity treatment will require the development of bodyweight reduction medications that work by a variety of mechanisms to decrease food intake or increase energy expenditure. Such medications should not be viewed as a 'crutch' but rather as a 'helping hand' that enable people to better adhere to a healthier lifestyle.
Cobra: A comprehensive bundle-based reliable architecture

The declining robustness of transistors and their ever-denser integration threatens the dependability of future microprocessors. Classic multicores offer a simple solution to overcome hardware defects: faulty processors can be disabled without affecting the rest of the system. However, this approach becomes quickly an impractical solution at high fault rates. Recently, distributed computer architectures have been proposed to mitigate the effects of faulty transistors by utilizing finegrained hardware reconfiguration, managed by fully decoupled control logic. Unfortunately, such solutions trade flexibility for execution locality, and thus they do not scale to large systems. To overcome this issue we propose Cobra, a distributed, scalable, highly parallel reliable architecture. Cobra is a service-based architecture where groups of dynamic instructions flow independently through the system, making use of the available hardware resources. Cobra organizes the system's units dynamically using a novel resource assignment that preserves locality and limits communication overhead. Our experiments show that Cobra is extremely dependable, and outperforms classic multicores when subjected to 5 or more defects per 100 million transistors. We also show that Cobra operates 80% faster than previous state-of-the-art solutions on multi-programmed SPEC CPU2006 workloads and it improves cache hit rate by up to 62%. Our runtime fault detection techniques have a performance impact of only 3%.
“Reinhildis Has Died”: Ascension and Enlivenment on a Twelfth-Century Tomb

From the time of their first appearance at the end of the eleventh century, medieval funerary effigies have presented their viewers with a strikingly uniform set of compositional conventions. The sculptural representation of the frontal body carved in relief on a rectangular slab is found so consistently among effigies of the twelfth through fifteenth centuries that this formula has become very nearly synonymous with the term “effigy” itself. The standard compositional type had already appeared in the bronze effigy of Rudolf of Swabia in Merseburg Cathedral (c.1080–1084), the earliest surviving effigy known to medieval art, and would be repeated for the tombs of the Nellenburg dukes of Schaffhausen (c.1105–1110), the Ottonian abbesses of Quedlinburg (c.1129), and the Merovingian kings from Saint-Germain-des-Pres in Paris (c.1150, now installed at Saint-Denis), to name just a few prominent examples. Each of these sculptures shows its subject dressed in different costume and holding different attributes as ...
A Sparsely Designed Retrodirective Transponder

Retrodirective arrays have shown great potential for use as wireless transponders due to their automatic source tracking ability. A retrodirective transponder based on a sparse array is presented. The architecture uses a sparse array design to reduce the amount of elements, and thus circuitry required. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal element positions in the array. The sparse architecture is compared with the uniform array architecture. Measured results verify the sparse concept as well as retrodirectivity
A subjective perspective on genderization issues in software development life cycle

This paper addresses the issue of organisational genderization and impact of genderization in software development life cycle and how they could be used to improve several aspects of the lifecycle — from requirements engineering to software maintenance. These observations would be useful in addressing issues that arise in increasing the number of women in computing, software education and other related areas.
Blood Component Calculator

A pocket linear slide calculator for determining the erythrocyte and plasma-ACD content, the weight of plasma-ACD to remove for packed red cells and the weight of erythrocytes to remove for leukocyte-poor red cells, and the absolute cell contents (leukocyte and platelet) for a blood component is described. The calculator's convenience and accuracy are enhanced by using the observed net weight and hematocrit of the individual component rather than estimated average values.
Applications of attributed-behavior synthesis

Demonstrates some of the types of design problems that can be addressed using the attributed-behavior approach to high-level synthesis based design. In one example, assertions are used to enforce a template hierarchy in an effort to exploit data-flow regularity during high-level synthesis. In another, assertions are used to account for a probable effect of logic synthesis on register transfer level results. The advantage of using the attributed-behavior approach to addressing design problems at the algorithmic level is the flexibility that stems from the use of a single general purpose synthesis tool and modeling language. >
California's Inmate Classification System: Predicting Inmate Misconduct

The goal of this article is to provide insight on the predictive value of California's inmate classification system. The authors argue that the current system is based heavily on an inmate's sentence length and that such an indicator provides little or no predictive value for inmate misconduct and is therefore not meeting the policy objectives assigned to classification and risk assessment. The authors use a large data set (N = 13,000) based on incident reports from 1992 to 1994 to test the hypothesis that the length of an inmate sentence is positively related to the rate of serious misconduct. The findings show that an inmate's sentence length is not related to infraction rates during incarceration and that a multivariate analysis produces negative coefficients.
A platform for the development and evaluation of passive safety applications

In this paper, we present a platform for aiding in the development and evaluation of novel ITS passive safety applications. Such applications work by having vehicles detect certain events that may be dangerous to other vehicles and disseminating reports about these events using wireless communication. A vehicle receiving the report about the event can then be warned. However, a large number of false warnings will lead to driver desensitization, which will reduce the safety benefit. To overcome this issue, a relevance estimator that will determine for which reports a warning will be given has to be devised for each new application. Our platform allows for an easy, fast method of developing these estimators and evaluating them in simulations. We demonstrated the feasibility of this approach with three example applications.
Plane non-Abelian Yang-Mills waves

Plane non-Abelian propagating solutions of the classical Yang-Mills equations without external sources are obtained. The non-electromagneticlike properties of the waves, which arise from the non-linearities of the field equations, cause the energy-momentum vector density of the waves to be timelike.
Movement, sex ratio, and population density in a dwarf male spider species, Misumenoides formosipes (Araneae: Thomisidae)

Abstract Crab spiders in the subfamily Thomisinae rank among the most extreme animals in terms of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Hypotheses regarding the apparent selection for dwarfing of males relative to females generally reference advantages of small male size for mobility. Specific proposals claim that selection should be strongest in species with limited male-male combat, which would otherwise favor larger males. We aimed to determine if the predicted traits of low densities, female biased sex ratios, more movement by males, and limited male-male conflict characterized a population of Misumenoides formosipes Walckenaer 1837. New and previous assessments of these characteristics in this extremely dimorphic spider revealed a mix of support and discordance with the predicted set of traits. Repeated plot censuses over 2 years, together with daily monitoring of females and collections of males, documented relatively low densities with males outnumbering females by as much as 2.37:1. The movements of marke...
Regression in Organizational Leadership

The choice of good leaders is a major task for all organizations. Inforamtion regarding the prospective administrator's personality should complement questions regarding his previous experience, his general conceptual skills, his technical knowledge, and the specific skills in the area for which he is being selected. The growing psychoanalytic knowledge about the crucial importance of internal, in contrast to external, object relations, and about the mutual relationships of regression in individuals and in groups, constitutes an important practical tool for the selection of leaders.