cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A portable 35 GHZ cross-track interferometer for topographic and surface change measurements

In the following, we present first results obtained from the design, construction and deployment of a 35 GHz fixed-point radar interferometer, that uses the principles of FMCW for generating a range resolving signal. Using a single transmit antenna and two receive, separated by an interferometric baseline, it is possible to determine phase differences between the two receive channels, and given the viewing geometry, to solve for the target topography. To test the system described in this short paper, it was deployed on a local mountain top, some 270m above the local terrain. With knowledge of the nominal topography (measured by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; SRTM), and sufficiently large interferometric height ambiguity, it is possible to solve for the topography, as seen at 35 GHz, and to monitor differences in the observed topography which may be due to differences in volume scattering, surface motion, and surface dielectric change.
Racial differences in selection of ideal body size by adolescent females.

Cultural differences may partially account for the fact that more black women than white women are overweight in the United States. This study measured perceptions of ideal body size among 93 black and 80 white females, 14–17 years old, who were randomly selected from three public high schools in a southeastern state. The subjects' height and weight were measured along with their estimates of their mother's body size, weight control attitudes, and demographic variables. Blacks preferred a significantly larger body sue than whites when asked to select ideal body size (p=0.045). Subjects who estimated their mother's size to be larger, also selected a larger ideal body size (p=.047). Those who perceived themselves as too fat were more likely to skip meals to help control their weight, compared with those who perceived themselves as normal or too thin (p=.003). Approximately 30% of the sample was overweight or obese. There were not significant racial differences in weight or BMI. These results suggest that overweight is more acceptable among black females than among white females and may help explain why more black females are obese.
The quantitative nature of autistic social impairment

Autism, like intellectual disability, represents the severe end of a continuous distribution of developmental impairments that occur in nature, that are highly inherited, and that are orthogonally related to other parameters of development. A paradigm shift in understanding the core social abnormality of autism as a quantitative trait rather than as a categorically defined condition has key implications for diagnostic classification, the measurement of change over time, the search for underlying genetic and neurobiologic mechanisms, and public health efforts to identify and support affected children. Here, a recent body of research in genetics and epidemiology is presented to examine a dimensional reconceptualization of autistic social impairment-as manifested in clinical autistic syndromes, the broader autism phenotype, and normal variation in the general population. It illustrates how traditional categorical approaches to diagnosis may lead to misclassification of subjects (especially girls and mildly affected boys in multiple-incidence autism families), which can be particularly damaging to biological studies and proposes continued efforts to derive a standardized quantitative system by which to characterize this family of conditions.
Upgrading and Competitiveness Within the Export Manufacturing Industry in Central America, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic

ABSTRACT The competitiveness of the export manufacturing industry (EMI) in Central America, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic has been significantly eroded by increasing competition from Asian countries in the past decade. This paper examines technological upgrading strategies followed by export-oriented manufacturing firms that operate under various investment attraction and export promotion schemes such as maquila and free zones in order to face the increasing Asian competition. In particular, it aims to study why the strategies followed in the two main sectors of the EMI—electronics and apparel—have had significantly different impacts on export competitiveness. Although the empirical evidence shows that both sectors have mainly followed process upgrading strategies, and to a lesser extent functional and inter-sectoral upgrading, the type of governance of the global value chain, sector-specific characteristics, and corporate strategies help explain their diverging impacts on competitiveness.
Shallow or Rational Public Spheres? Indonesian Political Parties in the Twitter-Sphere

Despite the impressive democratic gains of the Indonesian political system since the fall of the authoritarian New Order regime, a noted weakness of the current political party system is the lack of clear ideological positions across parties and the difficulty that voters face in differentiating policy programs in order to hold parties accountable. Yet, with the increasing popularity of social media, new channels of communication are opening up between political parties and their constituents, reshaping Indonesia’s political communication landscape. This raises the question of whether these new forms of media offer spaces that allow, or even encourage, parties to articulate ideological positions and discuss issues of public concern with constituents. This paper addresses this question through a mixed-methods analysis of how political parties are using the popular social media website Twitter and how users are responding to party messaging strategies. Based on a content analysis of party messages, qualitative observation of party-constituent interactions, and a quantitative analysis of user response, the findings suggest that there is reason for modest optimism that the medium of Twitter encourages a less superficial brand of party communication. Whereas other studies have found that the goals or the size of the party as the best explanation for the social media strategy and performance, the Indonesian case suggests that parties that attempt to differentiate themselves ideologically, regardless of their ideological content, and engage the public directly perform better on Twitter. It also finds that tweets about electoral politics receive the most reaction from users. This suggests that Twitter is a medium that will reward more programmatic and engaged party messaging, with potentially positive impacts on the Indonesian political communications landscape.
Entry-probe studies of the atmospheres of earth, Mars, and Venus - A review (Von Karman Lecture)

This paper overviews the history (since 1963) of the exploration of planetary atmospheres by use of entry probes. The techniques used to measure the compositions of the atmospheres of the earth, Mars, and Venus are described together with the key results obtained. Attention is also given to the atmosphere-structure experiment aboard the Galileo Mission, launched on October 17, 1989 and now under way on its 6-yr trip to Jupiter, and to future experiments.
The case of the collapsing man

The society world of London was astonished by the disappearance of one of its more illustrious visitors of the summer, and the government was equally embarrassed by the same event, for it was the newly married Baroness Radelescu, wife of the Baron who was the inheritor to the throne of a small, yet important and friendly central European kingdom. I read the sketchy details in the evening paper, having had an early dinner with my wife and her cousin who was having her annual visit to London for a week. They were chatting away, planning their excursion for the next day, when there was a knock on the front door of the surgery. I was hoping it was not another patient as my surgery was very busy all afternoon. It was a small and grimy boy, whom I recognized immediately as one of Holmes's Baker Street Irregulars, a group employed at times by Holmes to help him in his detection. They were extremely valuable as they fit into the daily scene of the street life and could trail a suspect without arousing attention. “If you please, Doctor, the guv'nor would like you to come around to his digs for a meeting at nine o'clock this evening. He says it is very important.” I had not seen Holmes for some time so I told my wife of the summons and set off with the boy, whom I remembered as Barnaby. We reached 221B Baker Street with some minutes to spare, and Holmes greeted me warmly. “It is good to see you again, Watson, and I hope your wife and her cousin are well.” I said, somewhat astonished, “They are quite well indeed, they were planning their shopping trips, and I am quite sure they did not miss my leaving. But how …
Long-Term Patient-Reported Satisfaction after Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy and Implant Reconstruction

To determine whether satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) differ between women who do and do not undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in the setting of implant reconstruction using the BREAST-Q, a validated patient-reported outcome instrument. From 2000 to 2007, a total of 3,874 patients with stage 0 to III unilateral breast cancer (BC) had mastectomy; 688 (18 %) pursued CPM within 1 year. Patients who completed the BREAST-Q reconstruction module as part of BREAST-Q validation studies or routine clinical care formed our study cohort. Comparisons were made between CPM and no-CPM patients using univariate analysis and multivariate models (MVA). Of 294 patients with BREAST-Q data, 112 (38 %) had CPM. Median time from mastectomy to BREAST-Q was 52 months. CPM patients were younger (mean 47 vs. 50 years), more likely to be White (98 vs. 86 %), married (84 vs. 71 %), have a family history of BC (60 vs. 44 %), and to choose silicone implants (67 vs. 48 %). There were no differences in tumor or treatment characteristics between groups at the time of BREAST-Q. Patients with CPM had a higher mean score for Satisfaction with Breasts (64.4 vs. 54.9; p < 0.001) and Satisfaction with Outcome (74.8 vs. 67.7; p = 0.007); other HR-QoL domains did not differ. On MVA, CPM and the absence of lymphedema were significant predictors of Satisfaction with Breasts (CPM p = 0.005, lymphedema p = 0.039). CPM was not associated with improved Satisfaction with Outcome. This study suggests that in the setting of implant reconstruction, CPM has a positive correlation with patient satisfaction with their breasts, but not with improvements in other HR-QoL domains.
Cellular, columnar and modular organization of spatial representations in medial entorhinal cortex

Spatial discharge patterns in medial entorhinal cortex consist of grid, head direction, border and spatial-band cells. These firing patterns differ from the single-peaked fields of hippocampal place cells, in that they have well-defined geometries and extend throughout the available space. Such discharge properties could contribute to a metric representation of space. Both functional and anatomical evidence point to principal cell diversity, modularity and columnar organization, but linking entorhinal anatomy and physiology remains challenging. Layer 2 microcircuits consist of pyramidal neurons and a stellate cell network, which lacks recurrent excitation and is coupled by disynaptic inhibition. Intracellular recordings showed that periodic, grid-like firing emerges from depolarization ramps, whereas theta-oscillations determine spike timing. Interference with various inputs to entorhinal cortex abolishes grid activity, often without concomitant loss of hippocampal place activity.
Valence p-n interactions and sufficient conditions for the development of collectivity in heavy nuclei

The P scheme of Casten, Brenner, and Haustein is used to suggest that nuclei will always become deformed when there are more than 10 valence nucleons of each type (protons and neutrons). Utilizing this scheme, necessary and sufficient conditions are also suggested for the onset of nuclear collectivity.
Time-domain magnetic resonance studies of short-lived radical pairs in liquid solution

Magnetic resonance spectra of radical-ion pairs possessing lifetimes as short as 12 ns have been obtained using a new time-resolved optically detected magnetic resonance technique. Short-lived radical pairs are produced by a laser flash. The transient optical absorbance of the radical pairs or the triplet products resulting from their collapse is monitored as a function of time in the presence of high-power 9.1 GHz radiation as a magnetic field is swept. At resonance the microwaves induce transitions among the radical-pair energy levels that are observed as changes in the population of either the radical pair or the triplet products resulting from radical-pair collapse. These resonances can be used to obtain radical-pair structure and dynamics. Radical-ion pairs produced in the reaction-centre protein from the photosynthetic bacterium R. sphaeroides and radical-ion pairs resulting from the photoreduction of anthracene by N,N-diethylaniline in acetonitrile are discussed. All experiments are performed at ambient temperature in liquid solution.
Analysis and Optimal Design of Discrete Order Picking Technologies Along a Line

Order picking accounts for most of the operating expense of a typical distribution center, and thus is often considered the most critical function of a supply chain. In discrete order picking a single worker walks to pick all the items necessary to fulfill a single customer order. Discrete order picking is common not only because of its simplicity and reliability, but also because of its ability to pick orders quickly upon receipt, and thus is commonly used by e-commerce operations. There are two primary ways to reduce the cost (walking distance required) of the order picking system. First is through the use of technology—conveyor systems and/or the ability to transmit order information to pickers via mobile units. Second is through the design—where best to locate depots (where workers receive pick lists and deposit completed orders) and how best to lay out the product. We build a stochastic model to compare three configurations of different technology requirements: single-depot, dual-depot, and no-depot. For each configuration we explore the optimal design. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000-000, 2008
Development of InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Laser Diodes for Energy Efficient Lighting and Displays

LEDs fabricated from gallium nitride have lead to the realization of high-efficiency white solid-state lighting. Currently, GaN white LEDs exhibit luminous efficacy greater than 150 lm/Watt, and external quantum effiencies higher than 60%. This has enabled LEDs to compete with traditional lighting technologies such as incandescent and CFL. Further improvements in materials quality and cost reduction are necessary for wide-spread adoption of LEDs for lighting. A review of the unique polarization anisotropy in GaN is included for the different crystal orientations. Emphasis on nonpolar LEDs will highlight high-power violet and blue emitters and considers the effects of indium incorporation and substrate miscut. Semipolar GaN materials have enable the development of LEDs in green, and recent achievements of green laser diodes at 520nm.
The c-alkylation of nitroalkame anions by l-substituted-2--butyl-4-phenyl- and -2,4-diphenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo(ulbarh]quinolinium cations

Abstract - The N-substituents are transferred from the title cations to the C-atom of nitroalkane anions in high yield at 25-80°C in DMSO solution. The title cations are readily available from the appropriate pyrylium cations and primary amines of types RCH2,NH2, and RR'CHNH2, allowing a general 2-step method for the preparation of higher nitro- alkanes. Spectral properties of a variety of nitroalkanes are discussed.
Being Heard in Review Communities: Communication Tactics and Review Prominence

Review communities typically display contributions in list format, using participant feedback in determining presentation order. Given the volume of contributions, which are likely to be seen? While previous work has focused on content, we examine the relationship between communication tactics and prominence. We study three communities, comparing front-page reviews versus those on latter pages. We consider 3 types of devices: structural features, textual features, and persuasive writing. Structural features, such as profiles, convey information about authors. Textual properties, such as punctuation use, can make an impression on others. Rhetorical writing strategies are used by reviewers to convince readers of their opinions. When controlling for content, the most salient tactics distinguishing prominent reviews are textual properties and persuasive language.
Inside Debt and the Stability of Inflation

This paper uses Tobin's [1975] model of deflation to analyze inflation. Stability of the inflation process depends on the strength of the Tobin–Mundell effect. The paper introduces the concept of expenditure acceleration effects, which are the Keynesian analog of increased velocity of money. It also includes inside debt, which increases the likelihood of inflation being unstable. The paper further expands Tobin's model and incorporates borrowing, debt repayment, and endogenous money. Flow borrowing effects on spending are destabilizing, as is endogenous money. Debt stock adjustment effects are stabilizing. Lastly, the paper discusses the monetary policy implications of high levels of inside debt.
Summer Wind Flow Regimes over the Sacramento Valley

This study utilized conditional sampling to identify three frequent wind regimes in the lower Sacramento Valley. The major flow features of the mean diurnal wind patterns in the southern Sacramento Valley and surrounding areas were analyzed for each wind regime. Afternoon wind directions at a pivotal observing site (Davis, CA) in the south-central part of the valley were used to classify the regimes as south wind (marine air intrusion), north wind (no marine air intrusion), and transitional wind days. In the summer of 1991, these occurred 72%, 14%, and 14% of the days, respectively. Daily data from 21 surface observing stations were segregated by wind regime, then averaged for quarters of the day to produce wind roses grouped by regime and time of day. These data were then plotted on a base map. The most frequent direction in each of these wind roses was used to construct streamlines for the area by quarter of the day for each regime. These analyses provide a climatology of the diurnal variation of the average wind flow for each of these frequent flow regimes, providing a wind climatology with greater spatial and temporal resolution than those in extant publications. These analyses are especially useful for evaluating transport patterns of air pollutants or contaminants.
Experimental results in evolutionary fault-recovery for field programmable analog devices

This paper presents experimental results of fast intrinsic evolutionary design and evolutionary fault recovery of a 4-bit digital to analog converter (DAC) using the JPL stand-alone board-level evolvable system (SABLES). SABLES is part of an effort to achieve integrated evolvable systems and provides autonomous, fast (tens to hundreds of seconds), on-chip evolution involving about 100,000 circuit evaluations. Its main components are a JPL field programmable transistor array (FPTA) chip used as transistor-level reconfigurable hardware, and a TI DSP that implements the evolutionary algorithm controlling the FPTA reconfiguration. The paper describes an experiment consisting of the hierarchical evolution of a 4-bit DAC using 20 cells of the FPTA chip. Fault-recovery is demonstrated after applying stuck-at 0 faults to all switches of one particular cell, and using evolution to recover functionality. It is verified that the functionality can be recovered in less than one minute after the fault is detected while the evolutionary design of the 4-bit DAC from scratch took about 3 minutes.
Independent Effects of cis- and trans-regulatory Variation on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Biochemical interactions between cis-regulatory DNA sequences and trans-regulatory gene products suggest that cis- and trans-acting polymorphisms may interact genetically. Here we present a strategy to test this hypothesis by comparing the relative cis-regulatory activity of two alleles in different genetic backgrounds. Of the eight genes surveyed in this study, five were affected by trans-acting variation that altered total transcript levels, two of which were also affected by differences in cis-regulation. The presence of trans-acting variation had no effect on relative cis-regulatory activity, showing that cis-regulatory polymorphisms can function independently of trans-regulatory variation. The frequency of such independent interactions on a genomic scale is yet to be determined.
Enhanced Distal Nephron Sodium Reabsorption in Chronic Angiotensin II–Infused Mice

Chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusions enhance urinary excretion of angiotensinogen, suggesting augmentation of distal nephron sodium reabsorption. To assess whether chronic Ang II infusions (15 ng/min for 2 weeks) enhance distal nephron sodium reabsorption, we compared sodium excretion before and after blockade of the 2 main distal nephron sodium transporters by IV amiloride (5 mg/kg of body weight) plus bendroflumethiazide (12 mg/kg of body weight) in male C57/BL6 anesthetized control mice (n=10) and in chronic Ang II–infused mice (n=8). Chronic Ang II infusions increased systolic blood pressure to 141±6 mm Hg compared with 106±4 mm Hg in control mice. After anesthesia, mean arterial pressure averaged 97±4 mm Hg in chronic Ang II–infused mice compared with 94±3 mm Hg in control mice, allowing comparison of renal function at similar arterial pressures. Ang II–infused mice had lower urinary sodium excretion (0.16±0.04 versus 0.30±0.05 μEq/min; P P P P P + -Cl − cotransporter activity and increased urinary Ang II concentrations in mice infused chronically with Ang II.
Indexing mobile objects using dual transformations

With the recent advances in wireless networks, embedded systems, and GPS technology, databases that manage the location of moving objects have received increased interest. In this paper, we present indexing techniques for moving object databases. In particular, we propose methods to index moving objects in order to efficiently answer range queries about their current and future positions. This problem appears in real-life applications such as predicting future congestion areas in a highway system or allocating more bandwidth for areas where a high concentration of mobile phones is imminent. We address the problem in external memory and present dynamic solutions, both for the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional cases. Our approach transforms the problem into a dual space that is easier to index. Important in this dynamic environment is not only query performance but also the update processing, given the large number of moving objects that issue updates. We compare the dual-transformation approach with the TPR-tree, an efficient method for indexing moving objects that is based on time-parameterized index nodes. An experimental evaluation shows that the dual-transformation approach provides comparable query performance but has much faster update processing. Moreover, the dual method does not require establishing a predefined query horizon.
Safety of Autologous, Ex Vivo-Expanded Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Infusion in HIV-Infected Patients

We infused six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive subjects with autologous CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) enriched for HIV-specific cytotoxicity targeted against a diversity of HIV epitopes in gp120, gag p17 and p24, and nef. There was no toxicity and no subject deteriorated clinically. In the first 2 weeks, CD4 counts increased for all subjects and plasma viremia decreased in five of six subjects. Twenty-four weeks later, the mean values of all measures of viral burden and surrogate markers of HIV infection were either unchanged or improved, but none of the changes was statistically significant. Two subjects continued to have decreased cell-associated viral burden and another subject had more than doubled CD4 cell count. HIV-specific CTL activity increased in most subjects. The increase in CD4 T-cell counts in the first weeks after the infusion suggests that antiviral CTLs of diverse specificities do not play a significant role in CD4 T-cell decline. The lack of any acute toxicity or adverse effect on viral burden suggests that therapy with antiviral CTLs deserves further study.
Hyperparathyroidism in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Summary Intractable hyperparathyroidism was present in twelve of one hundred patients on chronic hemodialysis. Four patients died without operation. Eight patients had subtotal parathyroidectomy, and all but one are living and have obtained satisfactory improvement in their symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. The severity of the signs and symptoms of the disease was directly related to the deviation from normal of the serum calcium and phosphorous product. Results of operation were good in seven patients undergoing subtotal parathyroidectomy. The resolution of symptoms after parathyroidectomy was associated with a reduction in the serum calcium-phosphorous product. The incidence of postoperative complications was low. Late death from persistent hyperparathyroidism occurred in one patient in whom only three glands were identified and removed. This study indicates that subtotal parathyroidectomy results in complete resolution of metastatic calcifications in the subcutaneous tissues and appears to promote increased calcification in the bones with resolution of cysts and healing of fractures. Pruritis was improved in all cases. To date, vascular calcifications have shown no signs of resolution.
A reconfigurable dynamic logic cell for programmable datapaths

A programmable dynamic logic circuit for use in reconfigurable fabrics is described. The proposed circuit is based upon dynamic domino CMOS logic. This approach for implementing reconfigurable logic provides added flexibility in programmable datapaths by allowing the implementation of complex logic structures that are not feasible with the configurable logic blocks used in conventional FPGAs. An important application is the acceleration of the critical path found in the carry-chain of a wide-bit adder.
Boron Removal via Formation of Magnesium Silicate Solids during Precipitative Softening

Precipitative softening is an option to remove silicon and boron from natural waters. Silicon was removed from hard waters by precipitative softening when the molar ratio of Mg:Si was less than 6:1 by the formation of an amorphous magnesium silicate. This solid had an apparent solubility product constant of 10 -25.66 and was stoichiometrically similar to the mineral forsterite, Mg 2 SiO 4 . Boron removal was consistent with sorption to this amorphous magnesium silicate and could be roughly described by a Freundlich isotherm: B sorb /Mg 2 SiO 4(s) =21×B 0.51 sol .
The Relation of Sulphur in Lighting-Gas to Air Vitiation.

It is matter of common observation that air which is much vitiated by combustion of lighting-gas is distinctly oppressive, apart altogether from the rise of temperature which is always associated with the vitiation. This effect is always very evident if the proportion of CO 2 in the air of a room has been raised to 30 or 40 volumes per 10,000 by combustion of gas. Air to which pure carbonic acid has been added in the same proportion has no such effect, however, and is practically indistinguishable from pure air. Deficiency of oxygen to such an extent as occurs in the air of a room is also without sensible effect. In coal-mines, where the air is commonly vitiated to a considerable extent by slow oxidation in the strata, it is, for instance, quite impossible to distinguish by the senses pure air from air containing an excess of 50 or even 100 volumes per 10,000 of CO 2 , with a correspondingly large deficiency of oxygen. The unpleasantness of air vitiated by combustion of lighting-gas is therefore not due to excess of carbonic or deficiency of oxygen.
Pedological relations of infiltration phenomena

An attempt is made to outline the principal features which are to be considered in infiltration problems. The need for consideration of genetic and morphological relations is emphasized, especially the view that the latter is a boundary condition for the quantitative procedures usually derived from the former. Detailed development of infiltration relations are given for the more usual genetic profiles. The role of soil structure in infiltration phenomena is developed in considerable detail. A discussion of fragmented soils is also given. A brief discussion of the physical mechanisms involved in infiltration develops the viewpoint that not only porosity and texture but also soil structure and moisture content are usually sufficient to define infiltration phenomena.
Porokeratosis Causing Change in Melanocytic Nevi

Porokeratosis is an uncommon cause of clinical change in pigmented lesions. We report two cases of so-called “collision” lesions, in which the cause of clinical change in melanocytic nevi was porokeratosis. One biopsy was submitted concurrently with a biopsy from another anatomic site, which was a superficial pattern basal cell carcinoma. Both the melanocytic nevus and the basal cell carcinoma contained coronoid lamellae, focal diminution of the granular layer and subjacent dyskeratotic keratinocytes, consistent with disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP). The melanocytic nevus, from the lower back, was a broad compound melanocytic nevus, associated with elongated, pigmented rete (lentiginous) and small melanocytes in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis (superficial congenital pattern). There was no evidence of external irritation. The second case showed a similar coronoid lamella, focal diminution of the granular layer and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. There was additional parakeratosis away from the parakeratotic column and a lichenoid host response, suggesting external irritation.
Preparation and characterization of a new cholecystokinin receptor probe that can be oxidatively radioiodinated

Abstract Oxidative iodination is the simplest, most efficient, and least expensive method for radiolabeling peptide hormones. It has not been applied to cholecystokinin (CCK), however, because this peptide lacks an unsubstituted tyrosine residue and oxidation abolishes its biologic activity. We report the synthesis, purification, and characterization of the first derivative of CCK that can be radioiodinated with an oxidative method while maintaining full biologic activity and receptor binding affinity. Boc-Tyr-[Thr 28 , Nle 31 )CCK-25-33] was synthesized, iodinated using a solid-phase oxidant, and purified on reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography to a specific activity of 2125 Ci/mmol. Both native and iodinated Boc-Tyr-[(Thr 28 , Nle 31 )CCK-25-33] exhibited efficacy and potency for stimulation of in vitro pancreatic enzyme secretion that were identical to CCK-8. Binding of Boc- 125 I-Tyr-[(Thr 28 , Nle 31 )CCK-25-33] to rat pancreatic plasma membranes was rapid, reversible, temperature-dependent, saturable, and specific. The abilities of various molecular forms of CCK to compete for this binding paralleled their potencies for stimulation of pancreatic secretion (K d : CCK-8, 0.8 nM; CCK-33, 3 nM; CCK-8DS, 1 μM; CCK-4, 50 μM), whereas structurally unrelated pancreatic ligands (1 μM) demonstrated no significant competition. These findings suggest that Boc- 125 I-Tyr-[(Thr 28 , Nle 31 )CCK-25-33] interacts with the same high-affinity pancreatic receptor as the CCK receptor probes previously reported, i.e., the Bolton-Hunter-labeled CCK-33 and CCK-8. This probe also possesses the major advantages of simplicity, efficiency, and cost of the labeling procedure, and the stability and relative oxidation-resistance of the product. Boc- 125 I-Tyr-[(Thr 28 , Nle 31 )CCK-25-33] will be useful for the characterization of binding interactions between CCK and its target tissues.
Aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de Mytilopsis sallei (Recluz, 1849) (Bivalvia:Dreissenidae) en Bancos de ostra de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe Colombiano

Mytilopsis sallei is a widely distributed species living on hard substrata in the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, where it is particularly abundant on mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) reefs reaching densities of 5000 individuals/m2. Even though it has wide salinity and temperature tolerances, it prefers those places such as mouths of rivers, where fresh-water supply is constant. It can also withstand turbid waters with a high sediment load. There is no competition between M. sallei and the oyster C. rhizophorae, even in heavily-exploited reefs, because of the environmental preferences of each species and the high productivity of Cienaga's waters assuring a constant food offer for filtering species. M. sallei has separate sexes; males dominate the population. Ripe individuals are found all year-long, but two periods per year of increased reproductive activity and settlement occur, associated to drastic salinity changes: a major one from October to November (rainy season) and a second of lesser importance from March to April (dry season). Juveniles grow steadily; as they attain greater size growth is minimal. Growth and development of these populations seem to be controlled by the influx of fresh water, the high predation rates and relatively low availability of hard substrata.
Two Key Concepts for Wealth Management and Beyond (corrected March 2012)

Asset allocation is profoundly influenced by at least two underappreciated concepts. First, tax-deferred accounts—for example, 401(k)s—are like partnerships in which the investor owns (1 – tn) of the partnership principal and the government owns the remainder, where tn is the marginal tax rate when the funds are withdrawn. Second, the government shares in both the return and the risk of assets held in taxable accounts. The authors discuss these concepts’ implications for wealth management.
Historical commercial exploitation and the current status of Hawaiian green turtles

Biodiversity conservation is often limited by short-term records of abundance, geographic distribution, and population dynamics. Historical information can provide a context for assessing current population status and defining recovery, especially for populations recovering from chronic human overexploitation. Here we analyze three decades (1948–1974) of commercial landings from a green turtle fishery in the Hawaiian Islands. Artisanal and commercial overharvesting drove the population to its listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1978, but the population has since increased and its recovery is being debated. While this turtle fishery was small in scale – with a limited effort, productivity, and revenue – we find dramatic declines in catch per unit effort and a spatial progression that strongly suggest rapid local population depletion. Harvests initially targeted coastal areas near commercial markets but quickly shifted to exploit more remote areas, expanded effort, and increasingly relied on more extractive gears. Additional analyses of economic data, restaurant menus, and expert interviews indicate the fishery was driven by limited, local demand. The seemingly incommensurate scale of the fishery and its impacts reveal the Hawaiian green turtle population was already significantly depleted when commercial fishery began. We describe how historical studies can inform conservation management, including population assessments.
Structural effect of Magdalena fan deposition on the northern Colombia convergent margin

Curvature of structural trends in mountain belts may occur in several ways. The original geometry of the convergent plate margin may be irregular, or a collision with a relatively rigid block may cause an indentation. I propose that rapid sedimentation may be as effective as a rigid indenter in creating locally curved structural trends within the upper plate. This mechanism is active on the northern Colombian convergent margin where the Magdalena fan is being deposited on the upper plate as well as on the subducting Caribbean plate. The structural response has been indentation and curvature of the accretionary wedge and increased deformation inboard of the Magdalena fan, increasing the tectonically driven uplift of the Santa Marta block in Colombia.
Priming Macho Attitudes and Emotions

Effects of reading one of four prime stories (control, consenting sex, rape, family) on 173 undergraduate males' evaluations of and emotional reactions to two videotaped date rape scenarios were investigated. Subjects were grouped according to level of hypermasculinity and prime. Dependent measures were perceived degree of male and female responsibility, perceived degree of force, proposed length of prison sentence, likelihood of similar behavior, and subjectively rated empathy and anger. Results supported the concept of a macho personality and revealed interactive effects for both the rape and family prime, each amplifying hypermasculine effects.
Kunststoffe in der Medizin

Die Probleme der Verwendung von Kunststoffen in der Medizin werden hier vor allem am Beispiel des kunstlichen Herzens behandelt. Um ein geeignetes Material zu finden, sind umfangreiche Untersuchungen durchgefuhrt worden, u. a. uber die Adsorption von Proteinen an Kunststoff-Oberflachen und uber die Passivierung solcher Oberflachen durch Beschichtung mit Proteinen oder durch die Zuchtung von Zellkulturen. Auch die Entwicklung passiver Kunststoffe macht Fortschritte.
Temperament variation in sensitivity to parenting: predicting changes in depression and anxiety.

Temperament was examined as a moderator of maternal parenting behaviors, including warmth, negativity, autonomy granting, and guidance. Observations of parenting and questionnaire measures of temperament and adjustment were obtained from a community sample (N = 214; ages 8–12). Trajectories of depression and anxiety were assessed across 3 years. The pattern of parenting as a predictor of internalizing symptoms depended on temperament. Maternal negativity predicted increases in depression for children low in fear. Effortful control moderated sensitivity to maternal negativity, autonomy granting, and guidance. Children low in effortful control reported more symptoms in the presence of negative or poor-fitting parenting. The results support differential responding, but also suggest that temperament may render children vulnerable for the development of problems regardless of parenting.
Flotation Separation of Apatite From Dolomite Using Dodecylamine and Sodium Chloride

It is critical to separate dolomitic limestone impurities from apatite to utilize the South Florida Phosphate Rock deposits for fertilizer manufacturing. Conventional flotation scheme is not successful for separation of dolomite from its mixture with apatite. Several processing methods utilizing both anionic and cationic collectors have been proposed to solve this problem, but they have yet to be tested on a commercial scale.
Inherent Tensions between Home Rule and Regional Planning

In recent years, tension has begun between local and regional governments because of the trend toward doing planning and development on a regional level rather than a local level. These tensions are illustrated particularly clearly in Georgia with the establishment of the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, one of the strongest moves toward regional planning. This article analyzes the historical tensions between local and regional planning in Georgia as well as the changing landscape brought on by the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority, and evaluates the current boundaries between regional and “home rule.”
Planning Problems in the Washington Metropolitan Area of Virginia

Review of problems facing planners in area; comprehensive, coordinated planning by all communities involved is necessary for solution of problems resulting from rapid expansion.
Analysis of Cryogenic Current Leads with Normal Conductors and Superconductors in Parallel

Superconducting electrical equipment requires cryogenic current leads and connections from superconductors to normal conductors. The literature contains many discussions on the design of cryogenic current leads[1-4] The superconductor—normal conductor connections can be made at one point, or the superconductor can be run in parallel with the normal conductor to form a long connection. The object of this discussion is to show the advantages of forming the connections by the latter method.
Effect of Endotoxin on Pyruvate Kinase Activity in Mouse Liver

The pyruvate kinase (PK) activity of mouse liver increases after injection of endotoxin. It decreases in animals given cortisone alone and remains essentially unchanged in those given cortisone and endotoxin at the same time. CCl4 causes an increase in liver PK activity, but neither it nor endotoxin changes the activity of muscle PK. Addition of octonoate to liver homogenates inhibits the activity of liver PK. These results suggest that the rapid depletion in liver glycogen after administration of endotoxin or CCl4 may be related to increased PK activity. Induction of tolerance does not prevent the increase in liver PK activity in challenged animals.
Quantifying isentropic stratosphere‐troposphere exchange of ozone

There is increased evidence that stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone has a significant impact on tropospheric chemistry and radiation. Traditional diagnostics of STE consider the ozone budget in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) as a whole. However, this can only render the hemispherically integrated ozone flux and therefore does not distinguish the exchange of ozone into low latitudes from that into high latitudes. The exchange of ozone at different latitudes may have different tropospheric impacts. This present study extends the traditional approach from the entire LMS to individual isentropic layers in the LMS and therefore gives the meridional distribution of STE by the latitudes where each isentropic surface intersects the tropopause. The specified dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model is used to estimate the STE ozone flux on each isentropic surface. It is found that net troposphere-to-stratosphere ozone transport occurs in low latitudes along the 350–380 K isentropic surfaces and that net stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone transport takes place in the extratropics along the 280–350 K isentropes. Particularly, the seasonal cycle of extratropical STE ozone flux in the Northern Hemisphere displays a maximum in late spring and early summer, following the seasonal migration of the upper tropospheric jet and associated isentropic mixing. Furthermore, differential diabatic heating and isentropic mixing tend to induce STE ozone fluxes in opposite directions, but the net effect results in a spatiotemporal pattern similar to the STE ozone flux associated with isentropic mixing.
Distinguishing amphetamine and methamphetamine from other interfering sympathomimetic amines after various fluoro derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Misidentification of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as methamphetamine has been reported because of similar retention times of their derivatives in the gas chromatograph as well as very similar mass fragmentation pattern. This problem of misidentification is avoided by chemical ionization mass spectrometry using methane as the reagent gas. Chemical ionization mass spectral patterns of trifluoroacetyl, pentafluoropropionyl, heptafluorobutyryl and perfluorooctanoyl derivatives of amphetamine, methamphetamine, the internal standard d8-methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine were studied after extraction from human urine. The mass spectral patterns of all these drugs are distinctively different in chemical ionization mode from commonly interfering sympathomimetic amines, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phentermine and phenylpropanolamine.
Uric acid nephropathy: management pearls.

Patients with uric acid renal calculi are best treated with hydration and urinary alkalinization, not surgery or lithotripsy.
Cost-Effectiveness of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair for Symptomatic Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears.

Purpose To compare the cost-effectiveness within the United States health care system of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with symptomatic large and massive rotator cuff tears without cuff-tear arthropathy. Methods An expected-value decision analysis was constructed comparing the costs and outcomes of patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for large and massive rotator cuff tears (and excluding cases of cuff-tear arthropathy). Comprehensive literature search provided input data to extrapolate costs and health utility states for these outcomes. The primary outcome assessed was that of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty versus rotator cuff repair. Results For the base case, both arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and reverse total shoulder were superior to nonoperative care, with an ICER of $15,500/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and $37,400/QALY, respectively. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was dominant over primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, with lower costs and slightly improved clinical outcomes. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was the preferred strategy as long as the lifetime progression rate from retear to end-stage cuff-tear arthropathy was less than 89%. However, when the model was modified to account for worse outcomes when reverse shoulder arthroplasty was performed after a failed attempted rotator cuff repair, primary reverse total shoulder had superior outcomes with an ICER of $90,000/QALY. Conclusions Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair—despite high rates of tendon retearing—for patients with large and massive rotator cuff tears may be a more cost-effective initial treatment strategy when compared with primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and when assuming no detrimental impact of previous surgery on outcomes after arthroplasty. Clinical judgment should still be prioritized when formulating treatment plans for these patients. Level of Evidence Level II, economic decision analysis.
A Kind of Internet Access Server for Devices with Serial Interface

With the development of device networking and ubiquitous computing,many devices with traditional serial interface have a consumingly requirement of accessing Internet. In many early solutions,Internet Access Server must distinguish device communication protocols and group network datagram according to the detailed content of proto- cols. For the sake of improving generality of access server and reducing dependence of device protocols,this paper pre- sents a kind of general Internet Device Access Server based on Embedded Internet technique. Whatever data frame structure of exist serial devices,DAS transparently implements the transformation between serial interface data fea- tured by stream transmission and network interface data featured by datagram transmission.
Strategic choices for America's hospitals : managing change in turbulent times

Reviews the book “Strategic Choices for America's Hospitals: Managing Change in Turbulent Times,” by Stephen M. Shortell, Ellen M. Morrison, and Bernard Friedman.
Familial and Matrimonial Agreements: An Annotated Bibliography

This bibliography covers law review articles published after 2005, with an emphasis on those in more recent years. Articles for which the title is self-explanatory or that concern only a single case, state, or statute are cited, but not annotated.