cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invariants of fuzzy subgroups

Abstract Let G be an Abelian group. If G is finitely generated, then G has a complete system of invariants. In this paper, a complete system of invariants is determined for certain fuzzy subgroups. In particular, a complete system of invariants is given for those fuzzy subgroups which are direct sums of fuzzy subgroups whose supports are cyclic.
Struggling and surviving: The life style of European immigrant breadwinning mothers in American industrial cities, 1900–1930

Abstract Immigrant working mothers created strategies to meet increasingly competing demands of family and job. Despite their wage-earning capacity and rising expectations, ethnic mores, patriarchy, poverty and discrimination perpetuated a rigid family hierarchy which precluded freedom for these women to seek alternatives to their traditional life styles.
Vitamin B-6

Vitamin B-6 is a water-soluble vitamin first discovered as a factor that cured dermatitis in rats. There are 6 forms of vitamin B-6 found in mammals. The naturally occurring forms of the vitamin include pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxamine (PM), and their respective monophosphorylated derivatives (PNP, PLP, and PMP). PN, PL, and PM are converted to pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) through the consecutive actions of 1) a kinase that phosphorylates the 5′hydroxymethyl group and 2) pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase (PNPO), which acts on PNP and PMP. PLP is the biologically active form of the vitamin that functions as an enzyme cofactor and/or regulator for >140 enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PLP-dependent proteins account for ∼4% of total cellular enzymes. PLP is covalently bound to the active sites of aminotransferases, decarboxylases, racemases, and dehydratases, among other enzymes, through a Schiff’s base between the aldehyde of PLP and the e-amino of an active site lysine. PLP-dependent enzymes play essential roles in amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, transsulfuration, polyamine biosynthesis, and synthesis of sphingoid bases (required for myelin formation) and the heme precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid. In energy metabolism, PLP-dependent transaminases allow interconversion of amino acids and intermediates in energy-generating pathways. In the brain, PLP is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), and as such is involved in both neuronal excitation and inhibition. Vitamin B-6 is catabolized through the oxidation of pyridoxal to 4-pyridoxic acid, which is excreted in urine.
An interactive model eye for use with ophthalmic instruments.

• A model eye was found to be a practical and versatile simulator of conditions present in the application of different surgical and diagnostic ophthalmic instruments. It realistically simulated the thermal and acoustic effects of lasers on tissues and thus could be used for teaching and practicing laser therapeutics. The geometric optics were similar to those of the human eye, and realistic conditions of scatter and fluorescence could be created.
Radiative cooling efficiencies and predicted spectra of species of the IO plasma torus

Calculations of the physical condition of the Io plasma torus have been made based on the recent Voyager EUV observations. The calculations represent an assumed thin plasma collisional ionization equilibrium among the states within each species. The observations of the torus are all consistent with this condition. The major energy loss mechanism is radiative cooling in discrete transitions. Calculations of radiative cooling efficiencies of the identified species leads to an estimated energy loss rate of at least 1.5 x 10 to the 12th watts. The mean electron temperature and density of the plasma are estimated to be 100,000 K and 2100/cu cm. The estimated number densities of S III, S IV, and O III are roughly 95, 80, and 190-740/cu cm. Upper limits have been placed on a number of other species based on the first published Voyager EUV spectrum of the torus. The assumption that energy is supplied to the torus through injection of neutral particles from Io leads to the conclusion that ion loss rates are controlled by diffusion, and relative species abundances consequently are not controlled by collisional ionization equilibrium.
Surface Plasmon Coupling and Its Universal Size Scaling in Metal Nanostructures of Complex Geometry: Elongated Particle Pairs and Nanosphere Trimers

Recently, we showed that the plasmon resonance coupling between two interacting metal nanoparticles decays with the interparticle separation (in units of particle size) with the same universal trend independent of particle size or shape, metal type, or medium. This universal scaling behavior has been shown to apply to lithographically fabricated nanoparticle pairs, the metal nanoshell, plasmonic dielectric sensors, and the plasmon ruler useful in determining intersite distances in biological systems. In this article, we use electrodynamic simulations to examine the general applicability of this universal scaling behavior to more complex nanostructure geometries, for example, head-to-tail dimers of elongated particles of different aspect ratios and curvatures and a trimer of nanospheres. We find that the plasmon coupling between two elongated nanoparticles interacting head-to-tail decays according to the same universal law if the interparticle separation is scaled by the particle long-axis dimension. The a...
The brauer group and ramified double covers of surfaces

Let Z be a nonsingular plane curve of even degree and U = P 2 — Z. Let : X —> P 2 be tbe double cover ramified over Z and V = —1(U). It is shown that the kernel of the restriction map on Brauer groups" : B(U) —> B(V), is isomorphic to Z/2(2) where ρ— 2 Pic X is an isomorphism, exactly half of the algebra classes of order 2 in B(X) are restrictions of algebra classes of order 2 in B(U) whose ramification has been split by V. The kernel of the corestriction map 2 B(V) — 2B(U) is shown to be the subgroup consisting of elements fixed by the Galois group.
Negative regulation of the deacetylase SIRT1 by DBC1

SIRT1 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase critically involved in stress responses, cellular metabolism and, possibly, ageing. The tumour suppressor p53 represents the first non-histone substrate functionally regulated by acetylation and deacetylation; we and others previously found that SIRT1 promotes cell survival by deacetylating p53 (refs 4-6). These results were further supported by the fact that p53 hyperacetylation and increased radiation-induced apoptosis were observed in Sirt1-deficient mice. Nevertheless, SIRT1-mediated deacetylase function is also implicated in p53-independent pathways under different cellular contexts, and its effects on transcriptional factors such as members of the FOXO family and PGC-1alpha directly modulate metabolic responses. These studies validate the importance of the deacetylase activity of SIRT1, but how SIRT1 activity is regulated in vivo is not well understood. Here we show that DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) acts as a native inhibitor of SIRT1 in human cells. DBC1-mediated repression of SIRT1 leads to increasing levels of p53 acetylation and upregulation of p53-mediated function. In contrast, depletion of endogenous DBC1 by RNA interference (RNAi) stimulates SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53 and inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis. Notably, these effects can be reversed in cells by concomitant knockdown of endogenous SIRT1. Our study demonstrates that DBC1 promotes p53-mediated apoptosis through specific inhibition of SIRT1.
758 CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) IN A LARGE KINDRED

Consanguineous matings increase the chance for the appearance of homozygous autosomal recessive disease. When the frequency of a recessive gene in the population is high, as with CF, the finding of consanguinity among the parents need not be common. There have been few reports of consanguinity in CF families. In four families, 6 of 21 children with documented CF can trace their roots back 6 and 7 generations to a common ancestor who was born in 1789 in Lorraine, France. Since 1833 when this patriarch came to the U.S. there have been over 5,000 descendants. Most have lived in upstate New York. The parents of the CF proband are distant cousins (4 and 5 generations removed) via two lines of descent. Two other CF children in a second family and one in a third family are cousins. They are also second cousins to the proband. Each parent pair contains a sibling descended from the patriarch via a second line of descent. The opposite spouses, not of the same lineage, are also siblings. Two other CF children in a fourth family are related to the other CF individuals via a third line of descent. The inherited nature of CF is evidenced by;(1)four CF families with common ancestry, and (2)brothers and sisters having children with CF. Autosomal recessive inheritance is evidenced by; (1) consanguinity in parents of the proband, (2) first cousins with CF, and (3)a 29% CF incidence when the expected incidence is 25%.
Rebels with a cause: The St. Joseph Mutiny of 1837

(1991). Rebels with a cause: The St. Joseph Mutiny of 1837. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 73-91.
Surface coats and secretory trafficking in African trypanosomes.

Abstract Recent advances in transfection technology have been exploited to address fundamental questions relating to secretory trafficking in African trypanosomes. Targeted gene disruptions and ectopic expression of the major stage-specific surface proteins have provided unexpected insights into both the function and assembly of the essential parasite surface coats. A growing list of novel secretory cargo molecules, as well as advances inthe characterization of trypanosomal secretory machinery, provide a unique model system for the study of eukaryotic secretory processes.
Enzymatic determination of the branched-chain α-keto acids

A spectrophotometric endpoint assay for determination of branched-chain alpha-keto acids is described. The assay depends on measurement of the NADH produced after addition of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Interference by pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate was eliminated by pretreating the sample with pyruvate dehydrogenase. The method yielded a peripheral venous plasma value of 59 +/- 5 microM (mean +/- SE) for the branched-chain alpha-keto acids of five overnight fasted healthy humans.
The child's right to a family environment. Why children's rights and family values are compatible.

Critics of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (U.N. General Assembly, 1989) have lobbied against its ratification on the grounds that its impact in the United States would be antifamily. Careful reading of the Convention shows, however, that it not only is supportive of strong families but offers a creative and conceptually coherent foundation for government action to promote and protect family life.
Post-translational modifications: a major focus for the future of proteomics

With 20,000 to 30,000 human genes and only 100,000 expressed proteins, the dynamic complexity of living systems is achieved, in part, through an enormous repertoire of chemical modifications of amino acids that occur during and after protein translation. There are over 400 known post-translational modifications (PTMs), and technical advances in methodology and instrumentation are permitting the discovery of new modifications, enabling the development of a global view of the role of modifications in responding to and regulating biological processes, and revealing the magnitude of complexity that is imparted to protein regulation by combinations of modifications. PTMs encode information regarding the status of the cell and synergistically modify polypeptide functions in a manner that is highly responsive to both cellular metabolism and external cues. In fact, it is the myriad molecular species created by multiple PTMs of a polypeptide that represent the biologically functional end point of gene expression. As analytical methods continue to improve, it will likely become a major focus of biomedical and other types of molecular research to elucidate the functions of the many different isoforms of polypeptides, which must eventually be understood first at the individual site level on polypeptides and ultimately by defining the structure/functions of individual molecular species with multiple PTMs. This special issue of Molecular and Cellular Proteomics grew out of the bi-annual Special Symposium “Post Translational Modifications: Detection and Physiological Roles” held at Lake Tahoe in October of 2012, which was supported by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) and Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. Papers in this issue illustrate ongoing work in the field of PTMs that builds upon the advances in proteomics made during the past decades.
Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration: Study of Factors Affecting Fuel Cell Degradation

Conference paper prepared for the FuelCell2008 conference describing the results of the DOE Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project.
Reversal of asynchrony between circular and longitudinal muscle contraction in nutcracker esophagus by atropine.

Background & Aims: Patients with high-amplitude esophageal contractions (nutcracker esophagus [NCE]) show asynchrony of circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction during peristalsis. The goal of our study was to determine if this asynchrony is related to an increase in the cholinergic receptor activity. Methods: High-frequency intraluminal ultrasound images and pressures of the esophagus were recorded simultaneously in 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with NCE. Recordings were obtained at 2 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter under 2 study conditions in normal subjects (before and after 80 μgm/kg of edrophonium), and under 3 study conditions in the NCE patients (control, 5 μgm and 10 μgm/kg of atropine). Results: In normal subjects, edrophonium induced an increase in the CM and LM contraction amplitude, an increase in the contraction duration, and asynchrony of LM and CM contraction during peristalsis. On the other hand, increased contraction amplitude, duration, and asynchrony of LM and CM contraction observed at the baseline in the NCE patients were reversed by atropine in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusions: These data prove that the esophageal motor abnormalities in patients with nutcracker esophagus, including asynchrony of CM and LM contraction, are related to a hypercholinergic state.
Multicentered Study of Cefoperazone for Treatment of Intraabdominal Infections and Comparison of Cefoperazone with Cefamandole and Clindamycin Plus Gentamicin for Treatment of Appendicitis and Peritonitis

Cefoperazone was evaluated for efficacy and safety in the treatment of known or suspected intraabdominal infections. Initially, 59 patients were enrolled in an open, noncomparative study. Of the 35 patients in whom the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated, 32 had a satisfactory clinical response. In this open study, cefoperazone eradicated 62 of 71 pathogens. The safety of the drug was evaluated in all 59 patients. Adverse reactions were seen in nine patients. In the second part of the study, 144 patients were enrolled. Fifty-seven of these patients received cefoperazone, 35 received cefamandole, and 52 received clindamycin plus gentamicin. Therapeutic efficacy could be evaluated in 20 patients who received cefoperazone, 20 who received cefamandole, and 16 who received clindamycin-gentamicin. Satisfactory clinical responses were seen in 90%o, 80%, and 100% of these patients, respectively; satisfactory bacteriologic responses were seen in 100%, 95%o, and 100%, respectively. A 5%o incidence of adverse reactions was observed among the 57 patients who received cefoperazone; in contrast, the rate of adverse reaction to cefamandole was 11%, and that to clindamycin-gentamicin was 11.5%. No differences were seen among the patients in the three groups. Thus, cefoperazone appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of intraabdominal infections of bacterial etiology. Since they were first introduced to clinical medicine, the cephalosporin antibiotics have gained wide acceptance in the treatment of many infectious diseases. The widespread use of these agents is the result of their effective and broad antimicro
Global conservation status and research needs for tarpons (Megalopidae), ladyfishes (Elopidae) and bonefishes (Albulidae)

We assessed the taxonomic diversity, geographic distributions, life history, ecology and fisheries of tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes (members of the subdivision Elopomorpha), which share many life history and habitat use characteristics that make them vulnerable to environmental and anthropogenic stresses in coastal environments. This assessment of Red List status for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature reveals three species considered near threatened or vulnerable, three species of least concern, and 11 data-deficient species. Although the taxonomy of tarpons appears stable, it is less so for ladyfishes and bonefishes. In aggregate, these species are distributed circumtropically and foray into temperate zones. Although they spawn in marine habitats, larvae of many species disperse into estuarine habitats, which are declining in area or degrading in quality. Several species support high-value recreational fisheries, or culturally important small-scale commercial and artisanal fisheries. Nonetheless, no formal stock assessment exists for any species, so improved data collection, information sharing and assessment techniques should facilitate socio-economic development of individual fisheries. Catch-and-release recreational fisheries that promote conservation of tarpon and bonefishes in some regions are promising models to improve the conservation status of these fishes elsewhere, as well as the economic development of these fishing communities. Most tarpons, ladyfishes and bonefishes likely face significant challenges from anthropogenically mediated habitat loss and alteration, and several are vulnerable to both habitat degradation and overfishing. Broader protection and enhancements to fisheries habitat in all regions will benefit these as well as many other coastal fishery species.
An evaluation of the Bayesian CRLB for time-varying MIMO channel estimation using complex-valued differentials

In this paper, we derive the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) within the Bayesian setup for time-varying multiple-input/multiple-output channel estimation. We consider the transmitting signal to be composed of linearly precoded information symbols and training symbols such that they share the same channel resource. This framework consisting of linearly precoded data and super-imposed training sequences is referred to as an affine-precoding scheme. In order to facilitate the characterization of time-varying channels parsimoniously, basis-expansion models (BEMs) have been widely applied. We consider a complex-exponential BEM to describe the time-varying channel affecting the transmitted blocks. Following this system model, we utilize the theory of complex-valued differentials to perform complex-valued differentiation. Specifically, we use a generalized chain rule for differentiating a complex scalar quantity with respect to a complex vector to derive the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). Finally, simulation results are presented to explain the trends in the CRLBs for two time-varying channels.
Whirlpool Corp.: Structuring the Deal to Acquire Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company

Ian Lee, Whirlpool's VP for North Asia, had been negotiating a possible acquisition with Jackie Jin, the chairman of a leading Chinese appliance manufacturer named Hefei Rongshida Sanyo Electric Company (Hefei Sanyo), for almost six months when suddenly Hefei Sanyo's stock price jumped 25% in the first two weeks of May 2013. The sudden price increase not only increased the likely acquisition price for an ownership stake in Hefei Sanyo, but also meant that Whirlpool had lost the luxury of both time and secrecy. Lee had to quickly decide how to structure a deal that enabled Whirlpool to acquire controlling ownership position (>50%) in the state-owned enterprise (SOE)-something that had not been done before; how much to pay for the stake; and how to ensure commercial, regulatory, and political approval for the deal. This case has three objectives: 1) it provides an introduction to the market for corporate control in China and the process by which foreign firms acquire Chinese targets, specifically state owned enterprises (SOEs); 2) it highlights the challenges for foreign firms of executing acquisitions in China including maintaining secrecy, conducting due diligence, obtaining political and regulatory approval, and valuing Chinese firms; and 3) it describes the domestic regulatory agencies responsible for overseeing mergers and acquisitions of Chinese firms.
Simple, robust, scalable semi-supervised learning via expectation regularization

Although semi-supervised learning has been an active area of research, its use in deployed applications is still relatively rare because the methods are often difficult to implement, fragile in tuning, or lacking in scalability. This paper presents expectation regularization, a semi-supervised learning method for exponential family parametric models that augments the traditional conditional label-likelihood objective function with an additional term that encourages model predictions on unlabeled data to match certain expectations---such as label priors. The method is extremely easy to implement, scales as well as logistic regression, and can handle non-independent features. We present experiments on five different data sets, showing accuracy improvements over other semi-supervised methods.
Individual Differences in the Amount and Timing of Salivary Melatonin Secretion

The aim of this study was to examine individual differences in a large sample of complete melatonin profiles not suppressed by light and search for possible associations between the amount and timing of melatonin secretion and a multitude of lifestyle variables. The melatonin profiles were derived from saliva samples collected every 30 minutes in dim light from 85 healthy women and 85 healthy men aged 18-45 years. There was a large individual variability in the amount of melatonin secreted with peak values ranging from 2 to 84 pg/ml. The onset of melatonin secretion ranged from 18:13 to 00:26 hours. The use of hormonal birth control, reduced levels of employment, a smaller number of days on a fixed sleep schedule, increased day length and lower weight were associated with an increased amplitude of melatonin secretion. The use of hormonal birth control, contact lenses, a younger age, and lower ratings of mania and paranoia were associated with a longer duration of melatonin secretion. An earlier occurrence of the onset of melatonin secretion was associated with an earlier wake time, more morningness and the absence of a bed partner. Lifestyle and behavioral variables were only able to explain about 15% of the individual variability in the amount of melatonin secretion, which is likely because of a substantial genetic influence on the levels of melatonin secretion.
Vasculitis secondary to staphylococcal Protein A immunoadsorption (Prosorba column) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Vasculitis is a rare complication of immunoadsorption treatment with staphylococcal Protein A (Prosorba column). The prevalence, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of vasculitis secondary to immunoadsorption treatment is not known. Methods: The authors describe a 57-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) resistant to methotrexate and etanercept, who developed severe leukocytoclastic vasculitis after the 9th weekly treatment with Prosorba column. She developed rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis and required treatment with cyclophosphamide and high-dose prednisone. Subsequently, renal function stabilized and RA remitted. Through the literature search and by reviewing information submitted to Cypress Biosciences Inc (manufacturer of Prosorba columns), available world literature on vasculitis secondary to Prosorba column treatment was compiled. Results: Immune complex deposition of staphylococcal Protein A (SPA)/SPA antibodies in the glomeruli precipitated the renal disease in our patient. Twenty cases of vasculitis (calculated prevalence, 1 per 400), 5 with internal organ involvement, have been reported in patients treated with Prosorba column for thrombocytopenic purpura. Seven RA patients treated with Prosorba column developed vasculitis (prevalence, 7 per 400), 3 with internal organ involvement. Conclusions: Vasculitis secondary to staphylococcal Protein A immunoadsorption therapy occurs rarely and appears to be related to development of SPA/SPA antibody immune complexes. Rheumatologists should be aware of this potentially serious complication of the Prosorba column treatment for RA. Semin Arthritis Rheum 32:3-9. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Optimization Techniques under Uncertain Criteria, and Their Possible Use in Computerized Education

The existing successful automated computerized systems more or less simulate the way successful human teachers teach. However, computerized systems provide more individualized options that traditional classroom education, and it is desirable to use this additional freedom to further improve the education success rate. In this papers, we briefly overview the experience of a successful Russian training system, and explain how general techniques of optimization under uncertainty can be used to optimize the content development.
N,N‐Diethylbenzamide

[1696-17-9] C11H15NO (MW 177.246) InChI = 1S/C11H15NO/c1-3-12(4-2)11(13)10-8-6-5-7-9-10/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3 InChIKey = JLNGEXDJAQASHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Physical Data: mp 28–32 °C; bp 146–150 °C/15 mmHg;fp>100 °C. Solubility: soluble in most of the organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless oil. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, IR, mass spectrometry. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the compound should be handled with protective gloves and eyewear in a ventilated area. Preparative Methods: the title product can be obtained by reaction between benzoyl chloride and diethylamine in the presence of triethylamine in dichloromethane at room temperature1 or by a Cannizzaro reaction between benzaldehyde and lithium diethylamide in THF at 0 °C.2 Purification: flash chromatography using 40% EtOAc in hexanes.
Potential non-T cells source of interleukin-4 in food allergy.

Recently, a study from the Consortium of Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) showed that allergen-induced IL-4 expression in CD25(+) mononuclear cells was increased in allergic patients. However, they did not find the expected increase in GATA-3 expression, suggesting that allergen-induced IL-4 might not be of T-cell origin. We sought to determine whether other cell types were responsible for the increased IL-4 expression in the CD25(+) cell population.
Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 is a keystone complex connecting DNA repair machinery, double-strand break signaling, and the chromatin template.

The Mre11–Rad50–Nbs1 (MRN) complex is providing paradigm-shifting results of exceptional biomedical interest. MRN is among the earliest respondents to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and MRN mutations cause the human cancer predisposition diseases Nijmegen breakage syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia-like disorder (ATLD). MRN’s 3-protein multidomain composition promotes its central architectural, structural, enzymatic, sensing, and signaling functions in DSB responses. To organize the MRN complex, the Mre11 exonuclease directly binds Nbs1, DNA, and Rad50. Rad50, a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) related protein, employs its ATP-binding cassette (ABC) ATPase, Zn hook, and coiled coils to bridge DSBs and facilitate DNA end processing by Mre11. Contributing to MRN regulatory roles, Nbs1 harbors N-terminal phosphopeptide interacting FHA and BRCT domains, as well as C-terminal ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase and Mre11 interaction domains. Current emerging structural and biological evidenc...
Human papillomaviruses: Diseases, diagnosis, and a possible vaccine

Abstract The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of more than 80 serotypes that cause pathologies, including common and genital warts. Long-term infections of the cervix, penis, anus, or larynx by the “high-risk” HPV serotypes (usually HPV-16 or -18) cause dysplasia that can progress to cancer. These lesions can be detected and treated, if a high level of medical care is available. However, HPV-associated cervical cancer remains a major cause of death in medically underserved populations, particularly in the developing world. Because HPVs are difficult to grow in cell culture or animal models, less is known about them than other pathogens of equal importance. The major theme of HPV treatment is that while no effective antiviral drugs are yet available, a healthy immune response can clear or contain the infection. Thus, current treatment procedures are based on surgical removal of the infected cells and/or boosting the patient's immune system to destroy them. An effective prophylactic HPV vaccine could address much of the morbidity and mortality currently associated with cervical dysplasia and cancer. Recently, a novel avenue of HPV vaccine research that uses noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) has yielded promising results. At least one candidate VLP vaccine is expected to be submitted for FDA approval by 2010.
Locoweed Poisoning in Livestock

354 known species oi Astragalus and 22 species of Oxytropis. Most of these species are nontoxic and are important forages; however, several species are toxic to both livestock and wildlife. Historically toxic species are divided into three groups based on the toxic syndromes observed in livestock: 1) selenium poisoning, 2) nitrotoxin poisoning, and 3) locoism caused by the toxin swainsonine. Plant species associated with each toxic syndrome are listed in Table 1. In North America approximately 25 selenium accumulating species occur in the taxonomic family Astragalus (Table 1). These plants grow in soils with high concentra tions of selenium and are often used as indicators of
Clinical manifestations and stages of Rett syndrome.

The presentation and clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome at various ages and stages are reviewed. In addition to the classical form, variability in phenotype between different atypical Rett forms is given. Obligatory, supportive, and differential diagnostic criteria are summarized. Long-term follow-up findings in ageing Rett women are addressed.
Using Indifference Points in Engineering Decisions

Multi-criteria decision support methods are common in engineering design. These methods typically rely on the specification of importance weights to accomplish trade-offs among competing objectives. Such methods can have difficulties, however: they may not be able to select all possible Pareto optima, and the direct specification of importance weights can be arbitrary and ad hoc. The inability to reach all Pareto optima is shown to be surmountable by the consideration of trade-off strategy as an additional parameter of a decision. The use of indifference points to select a best solution, as an alternative to direct specification of importance weights, is presented, and a simple truss design example is used to illustrate the concepts.
Your DNA is not your diagnosis: getting diagnoses right following secondary genomic findings

Your DNA is not your diagnosis: getting diagnoses right following secondary genomic findings
Identifying Employees for Re-skilling Using an Analytics-Based Approach

Modern organizations face the challenge of constantly evolving skills and an ever-changing demand for products and services. In order to stay relevant in business, they need their workforce to be proficient in the skills that are in demand. This problem is exacerbated for large organizations with a complex workforce. In this paper, we propose a novel, analytics-driven approach to help organizations tackle some of these challenges. Using historic records on skill proficiency of employees and human resource data, we develop predictive algorithms that can model the adjacencies between the skills that are in supply and those that are in demand. Combined with another proposed approach for predicting the learning ability of people based on human resource data, we develop a framework for identifying the propensity of each individual to be successfully re-trained to a target skill. Our proposed approach can also ingest data on manual skill adjacencies provided by the business to augment the predictive modeling framework. We evaluate the proposed approach for a representative set of target skills and demonstrate a high performance which improves further on adding information about manual skill adjacencies. Feedback on preliminary deployment of this approach for re-skilling indicates that a large percentage of employees recommended by the analytics framework were accepted for further review by the business. We will incorporate the observations made by the business to iteratively improve the predictive learning approach.
100) Oriented BSCCO Thin Film by RF Magnetron Sputtering

As-grown superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin film with fair (100) orientation was obtained on a MgO (100) substrate. Tc (R=0) of the film was 69K, and the transition width was 5K. Preferred orientation of the film was able to be controlled by the substrate temperature during deposition. Preferred orientation changed from (001) to (100) with decrease in the substrate temperature. This tendency is consistent with the one observed in the YBa2Cu3O7 thin film.
Automated Detection of Sleep Disorder-Related Events from Polysomnographic Data

This work presents our effort in analyzing human bio signals collected during sleep studies, to automatically detect events related to sleep disorders. We experiment with real sleep data collected using standard Polysomnography (PSG), and we detect events of interest from EEG signals, by segmenting the signal, extracting descriptive features from each segment, and applying supervised learning for classification. Our preliminary experimental results show that the event detection goal can be successfully achieved, while our methods are general enough to be directly applied to sleep data collected using alternative, noninvasive sensors.
Micellar properties of bile salts.

The effect of preferential interactions on the buoyancy of the sedimenting particles in sedimentation velocity measurements was considered. Equations relating the sedimentation coefficient to particle mass, frictional properties, and related quantities were recast by replacing the buoyancy factor,\((1 - \bar \nu _2 \varrho ^0 )_{c3} \) measured at constant concentrationc3 of the supporting electrolyte (\(\bar \nu _2 \) being the partial specific volume of colloidal particles andϱ0 the density of solvent mixture), with the density increment (∂ϱ/∂c2)μ measured at constant chemical potential,μ, of solvent components (ϱ being the density of colloidal solution andc3 its concentration). For micelles of a dihydroxy conjugated bile salt (sodium taurodeoxycholate)' and sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous NaCl solutions consideration of preferential interactions significantly altered the buoyant properties of the micelles. This resulted in improved correlation of sedimentation velocity data with the results of other measurements and in clarification of several unclear points in the literature.
Efficacy of Azithromycin-Minocycline Switch Therapy on Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Objective To investigate the inhibitory activity of minocycline against Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) and efficacy against MP pneumonia(MPP) of azithromycin-minocycline switch therapy.Methods In vitro drug susceptibility test was performed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of minocycline to MP.Thereafter,the clinical trial was designed according to the results of drug susceptibility test.Sixty children confirmed to with MPP who presented to Pediatric Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between Dec.2008 and Dec.2009 were assigned.They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group;du-ring the initial stage all patients were treated with intravenous infusions of azithromycin 10 mg·kg-1 once daily for 3 days,then treatment group was converted to take oral minocycline 50 mg,every 12 h,until fever symptoms disappeared for 24-48 h,while control group remained on azithromycin 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 by oral,once a day.A total treatment course included intravenous infusion and oral lasting 7-10 days.Course of treatment could be repeated according to state of illness.Differences in fever period,hospital stay,pulmonary complications,and clinical efficacy of patients in the 2 groups were observed.Results MIC of minocycline against MP standard strains was 0.1 mg·L-1,while against drug-resistant strains was 0.025-1.000 mg·L-1.Fever time(P=0.000) and hospital stay(P=0.002) of treatment group were shorter than those in control group.Treatment group tended to had less complication incidence and higher clinical efficacy than those in control group,while the differences were not significant(P=0.196,0.605).Conclusions Minocycline shows good inhibitory effect against MP;azithromycin-minocycline switch therapy can shorten fever time and hospital stay in children with MPP.
Sentiment Analysis and Social Cognition Engine (SEANCE): An automatic tool for sentiment, social cognition, and social-order analysis

This study introduces the Sentiment Analysis and Cognition Engine (SEANCE), a freely available text analysis tool that is easy to use, works on most operating systems (Windows, Mac, Linux), is housed on a user’s hard drive (as compared to being accessed via an Internet interface), allows for batch processing of text files, includes negation and part-of-speech (POS) features, and reports on thousands of lexical categories and 20 component scores related to sentiment, social cognition, and social order. In the study, we validated SEANCE by investigating whether its indices and related component scores can be used to classify positive and negative reviews in two well-known sentiment analysis test corpora. We contrasted the results of SEANCE with those from Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), a similar tool that is popular in sentiment analysis, but is pay-to-use and does not include negation or POS features. The results demonstrated that both the SEANCE indices and component scores outperformed LIWC on the categorization tasks.
Cross-sectional Lamé mode filters for UHF wideband applications

We demonstrate the first ladder filter based on the use of the recently demonstrated cross-sectional Lame mode resonators (CLMRs). This device shows a fractional bandwidth (BW 3db ) as high as 3.3% while enabling an insertion-loss as low as 2.5 dB. As the resonance frequency of CLMRs can be controlled lithographically without significantly degrading their electromechanical coupling coefficient (k t 2), this novel filtering technology permits to cover multiple frequency bands without adding fabrication complexity. In particular, as demonstrated in this work, this feature enables the use of CLMFs in platforms adopting carrier-aggregation. In addition, the capability of achieving large BW 3dB around lithographically defined center frequencies permits to build transmitter and receiver modules of next-generation Radio-Frequency (RF) front-ends on the same chip and without adding fabrication steps.
Li-Promoted LaxSr2–xFeO4−δ Core–Shell Redox Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane under a Cyclic Redox Scheme

Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) of ethane utilizes a transition metal oxide based oxygen carrier, also known as a redox catalyst, to convert ethane into ethylene under an autothermal cyclic redox scheme. The current study investigates a Li-promoted LaxSr2–xFeO4−δ (LaSrFe) redox catalyst for CL-ODH reactions. While LaSrFe without Li promoter exhibits low ethylene selectivity, addition of Li leads to high selectivity/yield and good regenerability. Up to 61% ethane conversion and 90% ethylene selectivity are achieved with Li-promoted LaSrFe. Further characterization indicates that the Li-promoted LaSrFe redox catalyst consists of LiFeO2 (disordered rock salt) and LaSrFe (Ruddlesden–Popper) phases. Moreover, the surface of the redox catalysts is enriched with Li cations. It is also determined the LaSrFe phase contributes to oxygen storage and donation, whereas the activity and selectivity of the redox catalysts are modified by the Li promoter: while oxygen for the CL-ODH reaction is suppli...
Self-Reactivity in a Lymphopenic Mouse: A Model of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Abstract Transfer of naive antigen-specific T cells into self-antigen expressing transgenic mice leads to the development of hyporesponsiveness and deletion of the self-reactive T cells. This form of functional tolerance is characterized by decreased recall responses both in vivo and in vitro. Although the development of tolerance has been studied extensively, few studies have analyzed the factors that determine the breakdown of tolerance and how host cell populations influence the process. Using transgenic mice that express a secreted form of ovalbumin (sOVA Tg) in the serum either on a wildtype (WT) or a T-cell deficient (TCRa−/−), or B- and T-cell deficient (Rag−/−) background, we investigate tolerance development of OVA-specific DO11.10 CD4+ T cells that have been transferred into these mice. We report kinetics, phenotypes and cytokine production of the antigen-specific T cells after transfer. We further describe the histological, immunohistochemical and clinical picture and the effects of cytokine blockade by administration of antibodies. Naive OVA-specific T cells that encounter OVA as a self-antigen in lymphocyte-sufficient recipients undergo some expansion, followed by a contraction phase, and become functionally hyporesponsive to the antigen. In contrast, adoptive transfer of DO11 cells into Rag-deficient sOVA Tg animals results in rapid development of wasting and death, phenotypically and histologically resembling cytokine release syndrome or acute GvHD. Histologic examination reveals inflammatory infiltrates predominantly in the skin and gut. Under these circumstances the transferred DO11 cells undergo massive expansion and produce abundant amounts of IL-2 and IFN-g. In contrast, transfer into TCRa-deficient sOVA Tg animals, in which B cells are present, leads to similar T cell expansion but substantially reduced IFN-g production and no death. Our data suggest that T cell tolerance in vivo is critically dependent on an intact, lymphocyte-sufficient host. In the absence of endogenous lymphocytes, T cells specific for a systemic self-antigen are activated and cause lethal immune reactions.
Comparison of anti-factor Xa heparin activity and activated partial thromboplastin time in 2,773 plasma samples from unfractionated heparin-treated patients

This study was conducted to evaluate two methods of determining the "therapeutic range" of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) during unfractionated heparin treatment. Multiple fresh plasma samples from 694 patients treated with unfractionated heparin were tested simultaneously for APTT and anti-factor Xa heparin activity. The data were analyzed by linear regression and by a minimization-of-error technique to determine the more accurate APTT therapeutic range. The best-fit linear regression equation was obtained using logarithmically transformed APTT values. Using this equation, the heparin activity predicted by an APTT value had a 95% limit of agreement of +/- 0.39 U/mL compared with the actual heparin activity. The total clinical error rate of the APTT therapeutic range selected using the best-fit regression equation was 10%. An improvement to 8% was achieved using a method that chose the therapeutic range based on minimizing the APTT errors. Even 8% may be too high an error rate for best clinical results.
Future Directions in Understanding Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are important and debilitating symptoms to patients, but can also be frustrating for physicians since treatments are often ineffective. Understanding of nausea and vomiting from pathophysiologic and treatment standpoints is advancing, particularly in regard to gastroparesis, post-op ileus, and chemotherapy. This chapter reviews aspects of our current understanding of nausea and vomiting and discusses future directions for nausea and vomiting research. Future directions discussed include: (1) better characterization of neural pathways and receptors mediating nausea and vomiting; (2) improving evaluation of patients with chronic nausea and vomiting; and (3) improving treatments and enhancing drug development.
Formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on ZnO at room temperature: Implications for the fundamental model of EPFR generation.

Abstract Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have significant environmental and public health impacts. In this study, we demonstrate that EPFRs formed on ZnO nanoparticles provide two significant surprises. First, EPR spectroscopy shows that phenoxy radicals form readily on ZnO nanoparticles at room temperature, yielding EPR signals similar to those previously measured after 250 °C exposures. Vibrational spectroscopy supports the conclusion that phenoxy-derived species chemisorb to ZnO nanoparticles under both exposure temperatures. Second, DFT calculations indicate that electrons are transferred from ZnO to the adsorbed organic (oxidizing the Zn), the opposite direction proposed by previous descriptions of EPFR formation on metal oxides.
Etiologies and management of cutaneous flushing: Nonmalignant causes

The second article in this 2-part continuing medical education series reviews the following malignant causes of flushing: mastocytosis, medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid tumors, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, bronchogenic carcinoma, vasointestinal polypeptide secreting tumors, and renal cell carcinoma. The information provided will allow physicians to better distinguish patients who have worrisome presentations that require a more thorough investigation. Appropriate diagnostic workup and treatment options for these malignancies are reviewed.
Introduction: Eating French

ABSTRACTThis introductory essay provides a general reflection on the meanings of ‘French food’ and proposes analytical directions to explore this concept. While this expression is often associated ...