cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for colonization and destruction of hinge ligaments in cultured juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) by Cytophaga-like bacteria

Abstract Several strains of cytophaga-like gliding bacteria (CLB) were isolated as numerically dominant or codominant components of bacterial populations associated with proteinaceous hinge ligaments of cultured juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas. These bacteria were morphologically similar to long, flexible bacilli occurring within degenerative lesions in oyster hinge ligaments. Among bacteria isolated from hinge ligaments, only CLB strains were capable of sustained growth with hinge ligament matrix as the sole source of organic carbon and nitrogen. In vitro incubation of cuboidal portions of ligament resilium with ligament CLB resulted in bacterial proliferation on the surfaces and penetration deep into ligament matrices. Bacterial proliferation was accompanied by loss of resilium structural and mechanical integrity, including complete liquefaction, at incubation temperatures between 10 and 20 degrees C. The morphological, distributional, and degradative characteristics of CLB isolated from oyster hinge ligaments provide compelling, albeit indirect, evidence that CLB are the agents of a degenerative disease affecting juvenile cultured oysters. The motility, metabolic, and hydrolytic characteristics of hinge ligament CLB and the low moles percent G + C values (32.4 to 32.9) determined for three representative strains indicate that they are marine Cytophaga spp.
DIARRHEA OF TRAVELERS TO MEXICO RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UNITED STATES AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDENTS ATTENDING A MEXICAN UNIVERSITY

A clinic was established at Universidad de las Americas, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico for the study of acute diarrhea rates in newly-arrived students and full-time students. Diarrhea occurred in 22 of 55 newlly-arrived U.S. summer students (40%), compared to 28 of 142 U.S. full-time students (20%), 4 of 29 Venezuelan summer and full-time students (14%) and 7 of 66 Mexican full-time students (11%) (the differences were significant, p less than 0.005). Recurrent episodes of diarrhea during the month of study occurred in 15% of U.S. summer students, 4% of U.S. full-time students, and were non-existent in students from Latin America. As well as the 61 students with diarrhea enrolled in the incidence study, all students who developed diarrhea at the univeristy were encouraged to visit the clinic. This gave a total population of 130 cases of diarrhea. The illness that developed in students form the U.S. varied widely, but it typically consisted of seven to 13 unformed stools during the first 48 hours of illness, with illness persiting three to five days. Illness tended to be more severe in the U.S. students. Fifty per cent of the U.S. students with diarrhea had "severe" illness (greater than or equal to 10 unformed stools in first 48 hours) compared to 23% of the Latin Americans. This study indicates that the agents responsible for diarrhea in Latin America are widespread and that resistance to infection develops after prolonged or repeated exposure.
Synextensional magmatism leading to crustal flow in the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek metamorphic core complex, northeastern Basin and Range

[1] This study addresses the origin of granitic magmas in the Albion–Raft River–Grouse Creek (ARG) metamorphic core complex and environs and how these inform us about the deep crustal processes leading to crustal flow and the formation of the ARG. SHRIMP-RG U-Pb zircon ages, whole-rock geochemical data (major and trace element data, as well as Sr and Nd isotopes), and zircon geochemistry (in situ O-isotope, Hf-isotope, and trace element compositions) from Eocene to Oligocene magmas now exposed at three structural levels of the ARG show that the 41–32 Ma Emigrant Pass and the 32–25 Ma Cassia plutonic complexes have a common origin, sharing a deep crustal “hot zone” that remained above solidus temperatures for at least 16 Myr. This magmatism is part of the protracted magmatism that swept southward across the western U.S. between ∼42 and 21 Ma, inferred to be the result of foundering of the shallow Farallon slab. Isotopic modeling of geochemical data from these magmas suggests that between 41 and 32 Ma, the influx of mantle-derived basalt into the lower crust triggered large-scale hybrid magmatism generating calc-alkaline magmas that erupted and intruded the upper crust and significantly weakened the lower and middle crust. Between 32 and 25 Ma, this “hot zone” incorporated large amounts of continental crustal melts, resulting in greater mobility of the lower and middle crust, driving middle crustal flow and the formation of granitic plutons that rose to shallower levels of the crust forming the granite-cored gneiss domes of the ARG.
Estimating surface reflectance properties from images under unknown illumination

Physical surfaces such as metal, plastic, and paper possess different optical qualities that lead to different characteristics in images. We have found that humans can effectively estimate certain surface reflectance properties from a single image without knowledge of illumination. We develop a machine vision system to perform similar reflectance estimation tasks automatically. The problem of estimating reflectance form single images under unknown, complex illumination proves highly under-constrained due to the variety of potential reflectances and illuminations. Our solution relies on statistical regularities in the spatial structure of real-world illumination. These regularities translate into predictable relationships between surface reflectance and certain statistical features of the image. We determine these relationships using machine learning techniques. Our algorithms do not depend on color or polarization; they apply even to monochromatic imagery. An ability to estimate reflectance under uncontrolled illumination will further efforts to recognize materials and surface properties, tp capture computer graphics models from photographs, and to generalize classical motion and stereo algorithms such that they can handle non-Lambertian surfaces.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Evaluation of familial clustering of breast and prostate cancer in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study.

Abstract Few studies examining familial clustering of breast and prostate cancer (PC) have focused on a clearly defined high-risk population with epidemiologic risk factors. We conducted a cohort study of prostate cancer among a subset of 426 families ascertained through female breast cancer probands. Three groups of males were included: 804 relatives in 60 families with four or more breast or ovarian cancers, 536 marry-ins in these high-risk families, and 484 relatives in 81 families where only the proband had breast cancer. A total of 118 prostate cancers were reported. The rate of prostate cancer among blood relatives in high-risk families was significantly lower than among marry-ins (RR=0.6, 95% C.I.: 0.4–0.9). The rate of prostate cancer among blood relatives in low-risk families was not significantly different from the rate among marry-ins (RR=0.8, 95% C.I.: 0.5–1.2). These results provide little evidence that male relatives in high-risk breast cancer families are at increased risk of prostate cancer.
Options and structured products in behavioral portfolios

Abstract Options and structured products have no roles in mean–variance portfolios, but they have roles in behavioral portfolios. Behavioral portfolios are composed of mental account sub-portfolios, each associated with a goal, such as retirement income or bequest. Investors optimize each mental account by finding the assets and asset allocation that maximizes the expected return of each mental account sub-portfolio subject to the condition that the probability of failing to reach a preset threshold aspiration level not exceed a preset probability. Put options are useful in ‘downside protection’ mental accounts whose goal is avoiding poverty, whereas call options are useful in ‘upside potential’ mental accounts whose goal is a shot at riches. We also explore the roles in behavioral portfolios of option collars, capital guaranteed notes, and barrier range notes.
Waves and fields inside a borehole

Electromagnetic, seismic, and acoustic methods are prevalent for detecting oil reserve in rock formations. We have reviewed some modeling techniques for waves and fields in a borehole environment. The three dimensional problem still remains a challenging problem, and we are currently investigating the use of fast algorithms to model complex geometries in this arena.
Wrist motion rhythm phase shifts in travelers may differ from changes in time zones

Abstract Wrist motions (223–471)/5 min were measured during 17–32 days of continuous recordings made from human passengers as they traveled across zero to five time zones for business and pleasure. The travelers all exhibited daily cycles of activity and rest. The duration of daily activity, alpha, was 1.1 h less at the destination; the mean was 63 wrist motions/5 min less at the destination. Phase shifts of the daily rhythm (e.g., acrophases, 0.0 to 5.3 h) advanced or delayed in the direction expected from time zone changes. However, the magnitude of the phase shifts differed (e.g., as much as 2.3 h) from the expected changes because of transmeridian travel and there were phase shifts even when there was no change in time zone. Differences were observed in phase shifts assessed by different methodologies of determining phase (waveforms, onsets, acrophases).
Structurally mixed molecular eigenstates of 2-fluoroethanol resulting from conformational isomerization

Using a newly developed method of molecular-beam, infrared-microwave double-resonance spectroscopy, we are able to measure the rotational spectrum of a single molecular eigenstate of the molecular Hamiltonian near 3000 cm−1 of energy above the ground rovibrational state. This energy lies above the barrier to conformation isomerization in many molecules. In the –CH2F asymmetric C–H stretch of the Gg conformer of 2-fluoroethanol, near 2983 cm−1, we demonstrate the contribution of vibrational states localized around the Tt conformer structural minimum to the individual molecular eigenstates. The measurement demonstrates the ability of isolated molecules to use vibrational excitation to achieve geometrical rearrangement.
COHERENT ULTRAFAST VIBRATIONAL EXCITATION OF MOLECULES IN LOCALIZED SHOCK WAVE FRONTS

We present a theory of coherent shock-induced vibrational excitation of molecules in solids. We treat an idealized impulsive shock wave traveling through a one-dimensional monatomic lattice doped with a diatomic impurity and focus on the ultrafast dynamics occurring within the localized shock front itself. We present a simple classical mechanical model based on the theory of collision-induced translational to vibrational energy transfer, modified to treat the multiple correlated impulsive forces acting on the internal degrees of the molecule as the shock wave passes, and compare the predictions of the theory with classical molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that our approach provides a qualitative description of the behavior observed in molecular dynamics simulations and, in some cases, gives quantitative predictions of the vibrational energy uptake as a function of shock velocity. The potential relevance of the model to shock-induced chemical processes in solids is discussed.
Medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for chylothorax due to lymphoma : A case series

Study Objectives: Recurrent chylothorax as a complication of lymphoma has had unsatisfactory outcomes. Serial thoracentesis, tube thoracostomy, and pleurodesis via chest tube have been ineffective and compromise the nutritional and immune status of the patient. Medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has been safe and effective in the treatment of some other varieties of recurrent pleural effusions. Our objective was to investigate the safety and efficacy of medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis in the palliation of chylothorax related to lymphoma. Design: This is a report of 24 hemithoraces treated in 19 consecutive patients with lymphoma-related chylothorax, failing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The average patient age was 55 years. Interventions: Medical thoracoscopy was performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation in a bronchoscopy suite. Sedation included midazolam (mean dose, 6 mg; range, 2-14 mg) with either meperidine (mean dose, 94 mg; range 25-140 mg), or morphine (mean dose, 18 mg; range 4-40 mg). Pleurodesis was performed with insufflation of sterile asbestos-free talc, (4-8 g). After pleurodesis, chest tubes were placed, with the mean duration of chest tube placement being 4 days, range 3 to 10 days. Results: One patient died a few days after the procedure due to causes related to the primary disease process. Follow-up was for at least 90 days following the procedure. Patients were assessed at 30, 60, and 90 days following the procedure. At each of these endpoints, all patients remaining alive were without recurrence of pleural effusions, which was confirmed by chest radiography. Eight patients in the series died of the effects of their malignancy during the 90-day evaluation interval. Complications included medication reactions in two patients (8.3%) and ARDS in one patient (4.1%). Conclusion: Many patients with lymphoma-related chylothorax are refractory to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In this group, medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis has an acceptable complication rate and a 100% success rate in the prevention of recurrence of pleural effusions at 30, 60, and 90 days following the procedure. (CHEST 1998; 114:731–735) Abbreviations: CLL=chronic lymphocytic leukemia; MCT=medium chain triglyceride
Sulfur and oxygen isotopic systematics of the 1982 eruptions of El Chichón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract Thermometers based on sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of anhydrite, pyrrhotite, titanomagnetite, and plagioclase crystals from fresh pumices of the 1982 eruptions of El Chichon Volcano indicate a pre-eruption temperature of 810 ± 40°C, confirming textural evidence that the anhydrite precipitated directly from the melt. The isotopic composition of sulfate leached from fresh ashfall samples shows it to be a mixture of anhydrite microphenocrysts and adsorbed sulfate derived from oxidized sulfur (SO 2 ) in the eruption plume. The leachate data show no evidence for rapid oxidation of significant amounts of H 2 S in the eruption cloud even though the fugacity ratio of H 2 S/SO 2 in the gas phase of the magma was >400. This may indicate kinetic inhibition of H 2 S to SO 2 conversion in the eruption cloud. Prior to eruption, the magma contained an estimated 2.6 wt. % sulfur (as SO 3 ). The estimated δ 34 S of the bulk magma is 5.8‰. Such a high value may reflect assimilation of 34 S-enriched evaporites or the prior loss of 34 S-depleted H 2 S to a fluid or gas phase during formation of a small prophyry-type hydrothermal system or ore deposit. In either case, the original magma must have been very sulfur rich. It is likely that the initial high sulfur content of the magma and at least some of its 34 S enrichment reflects involvement of subducted volcanogenic massive sulfides deposits during Benioff-zone partial melting. Isotopic data on mineralized, accidental lithic fragments support the possible development of a porphyry-type system at El Chichon.
Cultures of Secrecy: Reinventing Race in Bush Kaliai Cargo Cults

Cultures of Secrecy: Reinventing Race in Bush Kaliai Cargo Cults. Andrew Lattas. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998. xiiv. 359 pp., maps, illustrations, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Cardiovascular, Sympathetic, and Renin-Angiotensin System Responses to Hemorrhage in Vasopressin-Deficient Rats

To determine if the subnormal blood pressure recovery after hemorrhage in Brattleboro rats is due to secondary abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous systems, we measured the hemodynamic, catecholamine, and renin activity responses to moderate acute hemorrhage in anesthetized Brattleboro rats. Results were compared to responses in groups of animals matched for either age or weight. Blood pressure recovery was significantly blunted (P < 0.01) in Brattleboro rats compared to that in either control group, but heart rate responses were similar. Basal plasma norepinephrine was significantly higher in Brattleboro rats than in controls (P < 0.001), but the response to hemorrhage was not significantly different. Both plasma epinephrine levels and renin activity were significantly higher before hemorrhage and increased more after hemorrhage in vasopressin-deficient animals. Plasma vasopressin in controls increased approximately 10-fold, reaching levels of 790 ± 140 pg/ml in age-matched contr...
Anti-c and anti-e inhibition by ribonucleic acid derivatives.

Summary The specific inhibition of anti-c and anti-e sera by four ribonucleic acid derivatives is described. These substances—cytidine sulfate, adenylic acid, cytidylic acid and uridylic acid—are the same ones which inhibit the other antisera of the Rh series—anti-D, anti-C, and anti-E. These substances inhibit the antisera, presumably, by combining with the antibody by virtue of their similarity to the antigen, leaving no free antibody to effect agglutination. Evidence is presented indicating that the earlier hypothesis involving these substances in the structure of the D, C, and E antigens should be expanded to include the remaining antigens of the Rh series, c and e. Resume Les auteurs decrivent l'inhibition specifique des serums anti-c et anti-e par 4 derives des acides ribonucleiques. Ces substances—le sulfate de cytidine, l'acide adenilique, l'acide cytidilique et l'acide uridilique—sont les memes que celles qui inhibent les autres anti-serums du systeme Rhesus: anti-D, anti-C et anti-E. Ces substances inhibent ces anti-serums en se combinant avec eux, probablement par suite de la similitude qu'elles ont avec les anti-genes Rhesus; elles ne laissent aucun anticorps libres susceptibles de produire une agglutination. Il est donc clair que l'hypothese deja enoncee selon laquelle ces substances sont des parties constitutives des antigenes D, C et E peut etre etendue aux antigees c et e du systeme Rhesus. Zusammenfassung Die Antiseren Anti-c und Anti-e konnen mit vier Ribonuklein-saurederivaten spezifisch gehemmt werden. Diese Substanzen—Cytidinsulfat, Adenylsaure, Cytidylsaure und Uridylsaure—sind die-selben, welche andere Rhesusantikorper—Anti-C, Anti-D und Anti-E—ebenfalls zu hemmen vermogen. Die Hemmwirkung beruht wahrscheinlich darauf, das diese Substanzen wegen ihrer Ahnichkeit mit Bausteinen der betreffenden Antigene mit den erwahnten Anti-korpern spezifische Bindungen eingehen, so das fur die Agglutination keine freien Antikorper mehr zur Verfugung stehen. Die fruher geauserte Annahme, das diese Substanzen Strukturelemente der Rhesusantigene D, C und E darstellen, mus auf Grund der vorliegenden Versuche auf die restlichen Rhesusantigene c und e ausgedehnt werden.
The design of an intelligent interface for a laser optical system

Two relatively new technologies have enhanced computer applications development through the combined use of video and audio data and an intelligent interface between the computer and user. The visual and audio data come from the use of laser optical technologies in the form of videodisc and/or compact disk read-only memory (CD ROM). The intelligent interface comes from the use of expert systems technology. The purpose of the paper is to present an applications development system which combines the use of laser optical media and expert systems. The following sections highlight the laser optical system and intelligent interface capabilities and the application tools.
Efficacy of manometry based endoscopic sphincterotomy in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: a meta-analysis of controlled trials

Efficacy of manometry based endoscopic sphincterotomy in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: a meta-analysis of controlled trials
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions with Ethanol (Alcohol)

Ethanol (alcohol) is one of the most widely used legal drugs in the world. Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 drug-metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics and fatty acids. Drugs that inhibit ADH or CYP2E1 are the most likely theoretical compounds that would lead to a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with ethanol, which include only a limited number of drugs. Acute ethanol primarily alters the pharmacokinetics of other drugs by changing the rate and extent of absorption, with more limited effects on clearance. Both acute and chronic ethanol use can cause transient changes to many physiologic responses in different organ systems such as hypotension and impairment of motor and cognitive functions, resulting in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions. Evaluating drug interactions with long-term use of ethanol is uniquely challenging. Specifically, it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of long-term ethanol use on liver pathology and chronic malnutrition. Ethanol-induced liver disease results in decreased activity of hepatic metabolic enzymes and changes in protein binding. Clinical studies that include patients with chronic alcohol use may be evaluating the effects of mild cirrhosis on liver metabolism, and not just ethanol itself. The definition of chronic alcohol use is very inconsistent, which greatly affects the quality of the data and clinical application of the results. Our study of the literature has shown that a significantly higher volume of clinical studies have focused on the pharmacokinetic interactions of ethanol and other drugs. The data on pharmacodynamic interactions are more limited and future research addressing pharmacodynamic interactions with ethanol, especially regarding the non-central nervous system effects, is much needed.
Modeling Quality Propagation in Automotive Paint Shops: An Application Study

Abstract Improving paint quality is of significant importance for vehicle manufacturing. In this paper, a quality propagation model is presented to analyze and improve quality in automotive paint shops. Specifically, we study the vehicle painting process with multiple inspection stations. After each inspection, vehicles failed to achieve quality requirement will be repaired before moving to the next operation. In such systems, the quality variations may propagate along the painting process. To study it, a three-state quality propagation model has been developed, and analytical formulas to evaluate product quality have been derived. In addition, to improve quality performance, a bottleneck analysis method has been introduced to identify the most critical stage that impedes product quality in the strongest manner so that its improvement will lead to the largest improvement of the whole system. To illustrate the applicability of the method, a case study to improve paint quality at an automotive paint shop is introduced.
Unified imaging theory for x-ray and acoustic computerized tomography

X-ray computerized tomography (CT) and acoustic CT are two main medical imaging modalities based on two intrinsically different physical phenomena. X-ray CT is based on x-ray’s attenuation when x-ray passes through medium. It has been well known that the Radon transform is the imaging theory for x-ray CT. Photoacoustic CT is a type of acoustic CT, which is based on differentiating electromagnetic energy absorption among media. In 1998 a new 3D reconstruction concept, the P-transform, was proposed to serve the imaging theory for photoacoustic CT. In this paper it was rigorously proved that both x-ray CT and photoacoustic CT are governed by a unified imaging theory. 3D data acquisition can be completed in 2p stereoangle. This new imaging theory realized, in part, the dream of all physicists, including Albert Einstein, who have long believed that our world is ultimately governed by few simple rules.
Previewing the Revolution: An OCLC ILL Feasibility Study

In the past three to five years, those of us working in Interlibrary Loan have seen an increase in the number of local “home‐grown” electronic ILL systems. Typically, these systems were designed in response to patron desires, but sometimes the electronic requesting systems were created to help Interlibrary Loan staff. After all, it is much easier to read a printed request than a handwritten request.
Mechano-Kinetic Coupling Approach for Materials With Evolutionary Internal Structure

Coupled multiscale approaches for the analysis and simulation of complex multiphysics phenomena in solids have been of great interest during the last decade. These include concurrent MD/FEM models, atomistic-to-continua homogenization techniques and deterministic multiple time scale approaches. In this paper we discuss a generic approach to concurrently couple the Monte-Carlo master equation of microscopic kinetic processes, not accessible by the direct particle dynamics, with the continuum mechanics formulation. This approach can be adequate for the modeling and validation of advanced contemporary materials with dynamic internal structure, as well as evolutionary and degradation processes in materials. The approach is illustrated in application to models of interstitial and vacancy diffusion in fuel cell catalysts and binary material systems.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
THINEX - an expert system for estimating forest harvesting productivity and cost

ABSTRACT As the emphasis of forest stand management shifts towards implementing ecosystem management,managers are examining alternative methods to harvesting stands in order to accomplish multiple objectivesby using techniques such as shelterwood harvests, thinnings, and group selection methods, thus leavingmore residual trees to improve the visual quality of the harvested land. Contemporary harvesting practicesrequire the creative use of existing cable and ground-based technology. Silvicultural operations such asgroup selection methods, shelterwood harvests, partial cuts and thinnings require substantial planning inorder to realize a profitable logging endeavor. THiN-PC is a personal computer based version of theoriginal THIN developed by Chris B. LeDoux and David A. Butler in 198 1 . THIN and THiN-PC arecomputer simulation models, which evaluate the single- stage pre-bunch and swing methods of cableyarding. THINEX, the expert system developed as a result of this research, uses the results from THIN -PCand allows planners, managers, loggers to evaluate, plan, and execute profitable harvesting practices andpermit effective sensitivity analysis by linking the terrain data with the production system information.Using THINEX, the user will be able to analyze several kinds of scenarios pertaining to a stand of trees andtheir harvesting resulting in the acquisition of production rate and cost values.Keywords: Expert systems, Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Based Systems, Forestry, HarvestingProductivity and Cost, Forest Stand Simulation.
Structural Relaxation of Polymer Glasses at Surfaces, Interfaces, and In Between

We analyzed the glassy-state structural relaxation of polymers near surfaces and interfaces by monitoring fluorescence in multilayer films. Relative to that of bulk, the rate of structural relaxation of poly(methyl methacrylate) is reduced by a factor of 2 at a free surface and by a factor of 15 at a silica substrate interface; the latter exhibits a nearly complete arresting of relaxation. The distribution in relaxation rates extends more than 100 nanometers into the film interior, a distance greater than that over which surfaces and interfaces affect the glass transition temperature.
A polynomial algorithm for the minimum weighted clique cover problem on claw-free perfect graphs

Let G = (V, E) be a graph with a positive number wt(v) assigned to each v @e v. A weighted clique cover of the vertices of G is a collection of cliques with a non-negative weight y"c assigned to each clique C in the collection such that @s"C":"v"@e"CY"C>=wt(v) for all v @e V. The problem considered is to minimize @s"Cy"C over all weighted clique covers. A polynomial time algorithm for this problem is presented for graphs that are claw-free and perfect.
Selective effects of enkephalin on electrical activity of the in Vitro hippocampal slice

The effect of infusion of small concentrations of d -Ala- d -Leu-enkephalin on electrical responses to stimulation of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation was investigated. Concentrations of enkephalin as low as 10 n M dramatically increased the magnitude of the population spike response of pyramidal cell neurons to stimulation of their Schaffer-commissural afferents. This effect had a rapid onset and was quickly eliminated when the peptide was removed from the perfusion medium. Enhancement of the population spike was blocked by the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone, which, by itself, did not affect either synaptic potentials or the population response. In contrast even relatively high concentrations of the enkephalin produced no detectable effect on either the synaptic potentials recorded in the dendrites or the antidromic response of the pyramidal cells to stimulation of their axons. These findings suggest that enkephalin attenuates the effect of either a feedback or feed-forward inhibitory system which is usually activated by stimulation of the Schaffer-commissural pathways.
Mushrooms for the Millions

Review of : Mycophilia—Revelations from the Weird World of Mushrooms ; Eugenia Bone; (2011) . Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA. 348 pages.
Raman Heterodyne Detection of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

An optical heterodyne technique based on the coherent Raman effect is demonstrated for detecting nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) and coherent spin transients in normal and optically excited impurity-ion solids at low temperature. Initial measurements on ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$: La${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ provide the first spin-echo studies of an electronically excited state, and cw resonances yield NMR line centers and shapes with kilohertz precision.
Post-burn vegetation development of rehabilitated bauxite mines in western Australia

Abstract Alcoa World Alumina Australia has been rehabilitating bauxite mines in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia for more than 35 years. Mines rehabilitated in the early 1980s contain some eastern Australian eucalypts and have built up substantial fuel loads (23–35 t/ha) that may be reduced through prescribed burning. The aim of this study was to document vegetation changes in areas rehabilitated in the early 1980s for 6 years following prescribed burning and ascertain the most appropriate fire regime to apply in these areas to achieve identified rehabilitation completion criteria. Following both autumn and spring burning, rehabilitated areas rapidly re-accumulated fuel in the first year after burning, but fuel loads have remained relatively constant since then at a level of 8–9 t/ha. Burning was successful in removing dead aerated fuel that dominated the midstorey of the vegetation and stimulating plant growth in the understorey, making the burnt rehabilitated areas more like the unmined forest. Plant density, live plant cover, Acacia density and Acacia cover were generally higher following autumn than spring burning, although differences were reduced over time. Weed density did not differ significantly between autumn and spring burning, peaking 2 years after burning and then declining back to pre-burn levels. Similarly, species richness peaked in the first few years following burning and then declined, consistent with the predictions of the initial floristic composition model of succession. Tree growth was lower in burnt than unburnt areas for the first 2 years, but 4 and 6 years after burning tree growth was not significantly different between autumn, spring and no burn areas. Alcoa is required to integrate rehabilitated areas into the fire management regime of the surrounding jarrah forest to meet completion criteria. The results suggest that this can be achieved by burning rehabilitated areas containing non-native eucalypt species in spring under low to moderate intensity. This fire regime will lead to reduced fuel accumulation, a less prominent midstorey layer resulting from reduced recruitment of Acacia spp., lower densities of eastern Australian eucalypt species, and greater similarity in the composition and abundance of the understorey to the unmined forest.
A methodology to analyze conservation voltage reduction performance using field test data

With an ever increasing demand and depleting energy resources, there has been a growing interest in conserving energy, such as the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) program to reduce energy consumption by decreasing feeder voltage. Several utilities are conducting pilot projects on their feeder systems to determine the feasibility and actual CVR payoff. One major challenge in analyzing the CVR field test data lies in the uncertainty of the power system load and a variety of dependent factors encompassing temperature and time. This paper proposes a methodology to facilitate the CVR performance analysis at the utilities by accounting all potentially influential factors. A linear relation to model the system power demand is presented, which allows a sparse linear regression method to obtain its sensitivity parameter to voltage magnitude and accordingly to quantify the CVR payoff. All input factors can also be ranked according to their statistical influence on representing the power demand output. The proposed method is first tested and validated using synthetic CVR data simulated for a 13.8 kV distribution feeder using OpenDss. It is further tested using the field CVR test data provided by a major U.S. Midwest electric utility. Both tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method as well as the usefulness and validity of the input factor ranking.
Ultra-sensitive optical measurements of high-J transitions in the O2 A-band

We report frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) measurements of high-J O_2 A-band magnetic dipole line parameters. Our goals were to measure intensities and line shape parameters for the primary isotopologue of O_2 in the A-band region and to understand how these quantities compare to, and build on those contained in the Hitran database. These experiments quantify line parameters of some of the weakest transitions ever observed in the laboratory. We have measured line intensities as low as 1 × 10^(−30) cm molecule^(−1). Our data extend available data in the P-branch up to J′ = 50. Additionally, we have characterized the self-broadened and air-broadened line widths and provide new J-dependent correlation functions.
Emission Mössbauer studies of the magnetoresistive compound, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3

Abstract The magnetic behavior of the Sr0.3 manganite is studied using a local microprobe, 57Co. In contrast with Ca substituted manganites, a much larger fraction of the material exhibits short-range order with superparamagnetic-like behavior even at 80 K. The differences in behavior are attributed to the large mismatch between the ionic radii of La+3 and the divalent substituent Sr+2, which introduces anharmonicity in local vibrations. In common with all other compounds exhibiting negative bulk magnetoresistivity, the Sr0.3 compound also exhibits very marked softening of lattice as one approaches Tc from below. Application of an external magnetic field results in coalescing of nanosized magnetic clusters to form larger ones with better alignment of spins.
Linear Viscoelasticity of Dilute Polymer Solutions in a Viscoelastic Solvent

A theory of linear viscoelasticity is developed for dilute polymer solutions in viscoelastic solvents. The non-Markovian dynamics of a macromolecule with hydrodynamic interaction is analyzed on the basis of a generalized Langevin equation with relaxed friction. The relaxation spectrum (relaxation times and elastic moduli) of the solutions is calculated for a simple viscoelastic model of solvent with a single relaxation time. The theory predicts that at high frequencies the dynamic viscosity of such solutions is less than the zero-shear-rate solvent viscosity.
Dysphagia: The Common Thread in Two Uncommon Coexistent Conditions, Glomus Jugulare Tumor and Dysphagia Lusoria (P03.146)

Objective: To report a case of glomus jugulare tumor that was initially diagnosed as dysphagia lusoria. Background Glomus jugulare (GJ) tumors are very rare with an estimated incidence around one per 1.3 million people. Patients with GJ tumor usually present with conductive hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. Growth of the tumor can cause facial nerve paralysis, vertigo, hoarseness, and paralysis of lower cranial nerves. Active GJ tumors secrete catecholamines into the circulation. Patients with active GJ tumors have vasomotor symptoms like headaches, excess lacrimation and episodic flushing. Dysphagia is an uncommon presentation of GJ tumor (6%). Dysphagia lusoria due to compression of the esophagus by an aberrant subclavian artery is also uncommon with a prevalence of 0.5- 1.8%. Design/Methods: This is a case report from Yale-New Haven Hospital. Results: A 46-year-old female presented with progressive dysphagia with headaches and unilateral cranial nerve palsies demonstrating facial droop, tongue deviation and weakness of neck and shoulder muscles. Initial work up for her dysphagia revealed an aberrant right subclavian artery compressing the esophagus, so her symptoms were thought to be secondary to dysphagia lusoria. However, there was no relief of her dysphagia after the corrective surgery, and her headaches persisted. MRI of the brain was then done and revealed a GJ tumor. Octreotide scan depicted an octreotide-avid mass at the left jugular foramen consistent with a paraganglioma. Catecholamine assessments showed increased levels of epinephrine and normetanephrine in a 24 hour urine study. She underwent radiosurgical treatment with 16 Gy in a single fraction with improvement in her dysphagia. Conclusions: This case illustrates an unusual presentation of a rare catecholamine secreting GJ tumor (active type) causing dysphagia which initially mimicked dysphagia lusoria. This highlights the need to be vigilant in keeping a broad differential diagnosis in patients presenting with dysphagia. Disclosure: Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabbari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Machado has nothing to disclose.
MYOCARDIAL FLOW RESERVE IN HUMAN INFANTS MEASURED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY. † 145

Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in human infants has not been reported. Infants with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome after Norwood reconstruction(NWD) may be at risk for diminished MFR because of: 1) the potential for obstruction to coronary flow in the neoaorta, 2) diminished coronary perfusion pressure from diastolic run-off into the aortopulmonary shunt, and 3) increased oxygen demand in the pressure and volume-loaded right ventricle. We therefore compared MFR utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with NWD with infants who had complete repair of a cardiac defect(Control). Methods: 5 infants with NWD, age 16d-26d (mean=21d) and five controls, age 9d-86d (mean=40d) underwent PET imaging (mean time from surgery=10.5d) with N-13 ammonia at rest and with adenosine (142ug/kg/min× 6 min). Infants were sedated, spontaneously breathing, and on no inotropic medications when studied. Myocardial flow was measured in 16 regions(4 regions in 4 contiguous short-axis slices) using compartmental modeling techniques and values were expressed in ml/min/gram tissue. Only myocardial flow in the systemic ventricle was analyzed for comparison between groups(MFR=Qstress/Qrest). Results:Table Conclusions: 1) Infants with NWD have less myocardial perfusion in their systemic ventricle at rest and with stress, but have similar MFR as infants with repaired structural heart disease, 2) Compared to adults, control infants may have slightly increased resting flows but a reduction in stress flows and MFR, and 3) PET may be a useful modality for studying myocardial perfusion in the newborn infant.
Age comparisons in acquiring biofeedback control and success in reducing headache pain.

This article presents a review and archival analysis to assess age differences in acquiring biofeedback control and success in treating recurrent headache by using data from 56 studies with either adult (totalN=503) or child (totalN=98) subjects. All studies focused on treating headache with temperature biofeedback (TBF) or electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback. To standardize the varied measures across studies, we calculated each study’s percent change scores for biofeedback performance and headache activity. All headache activity scores included assessments of pain intensity. We then calculated subject-weighted means of percent change for biofeedback performance and for headache activity by summing the products of each relevant percent change score andN and then dividing by the total, number of subjects contributing to those sums. Results showed that both children and adults reported substantial improvements in headache activity with TBF and EMG biofeedback treatment (Ms ranged from 34% to 81%), but children showed significantly greater improvement than adults. No age differences were found in the acquisition of biofeedback control. Further analyses revealed two additional findings. First, biofeedback control and headache improvement were strongly correlated. Second, headache activity continued to decrease in the weeks following treatment, and this decrease was significantly greater for children than adults.
Comparison of MAST with radioallergosorbent and skin tests for diagnosis of allergy in children.

• The multiple allergosorbent test system (MAST) is a method for measuring total and allergen-specific IgE levels, using autoradiography and densitometry. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of MAST tests with those of radioallergosorbent (RAST) and skin tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of allergy in children. Twenty children, aged 4 to 19 years, were studied. Total serum IgE level measured by the paper radioimmunosorbent test (PRIST) method ranged from 7 to 1,333 units/mL (geometric mean, 155 units/mL). Total serum IgE level by MAST significantly correlated with the PRIST IgE level. Quantities of allergen-specific IgE measured by MAST and RAST were also significantly correlated. When the diagnostic levels by MAST and RAST were compared with skin test reactions for ragweed, grass, house dust, and mite, MAST had a sensitivity of 59%, a specificity of 97%, and an efficiency of 72%, compared with 67%, 97%, and 78%, respectively, for the RAST analysis. We conclude that MAST and RAST are similar in their ability to measure allergen-specific IgE level, but that neither method is as sensitive as skin tests for detection of allergen-specific IgE. ( AJDC 1986;140:45-48)
Two-step junction-splitting SAR analog-to-digital converter

A new architecture is proposed to reduce the power consumption and capacitor area in successive-approximation register analog-to-digital converters (SAR ADCs). Two junction-split binary-weighted capacitor arrays are used in a coarse/fine quantization scheme. This reduces both the power consumption and the capacitor area to a small fraction of that of the original split-junction SAR ADC.
Isolation of luminal and antiluminal membranes from dog kidney cortex.

Abstract Luminal (brush border) and antiluminal (basal-lateral) membranes were isolated from canine renal cortex. The enzyme marker for luminal membrane, alkaline phosphatase was enhanced 19-fold and the antiluminal enzyme marker, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, was enhanced 22-fold in their respective membrane preparation, while the amount of cross contamination was minimal. Contamination of these preparations by enzyme markers for lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was also low. Routinely, more than 50 mg membrane protein was isolated for each membrane. Electron micrographs showed that the membranes were uniform in size, appearance, and vesicular in nature. An examination of the orientation of these membranes showed that 76.5% of the antiluminal membranes and 86% of the luminal membranes were right-side out.
Strong Motion Recordings and Residual Displacements: What Are We Actually Recording in Strong Motion Seismology?

A number of recent publications on strong motion data processing ignore the complexities involved when calculating residual displacements by double integrating strong motion accelerograms. It looks as if there may be a lack of appreciation as to the limits associated with an accelerogram recorded by a standard three-component strong motion instrument. This may be in part because papers on strong motion data processing were published in different journals and languages during the past 40 and more years. In this article I present a brief summary of previous papers and a summary of some of the associated problems, so that researchers may take into account some of the nuances involved in strong motion data processing. My aim is to show that to do justice to strong motion data processing, a more in-depth appreciation of some of the principles behind the instrumentation used and the data processing involved is essential. In the first place I present an overview of some of the theory of strong motion instruments. Most strong motion instruments are pendulums of the mass-on-rod type. As a first approximation, the response of a pendulum can be described as a single degree of freedom oscillator: \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\ {\varphi}\_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}+2{\omega}\_{x}D\_{x}{\varphi}\_{x}^{{^\prime}}+{\omega}\_{x}^{2}{\varphi}\_{x}=-u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}\] \end{document}(1) where φ x is the recorded response of the instrument in the x -direction, ω x and Dx are the natural circular frequency and fraction of critical damping of the oscillator, and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}\) \end{document} is the translational ground motion acceleration along the x -axis. This equation is published in many books and usually serves as a basis for data processing. Since accelerometers usually have relatively high natural frequency fx (ω x = 2π fx ) Equation 1 is usually simplified to: \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\ {\omega}\_{x}^{2}{\varphi}\_{x}{\approx}-u_{x}^{{^{\prime\prime}}}.\] \end{document}(2) Assuming that Equations 1 and 2 are a reflection of reality, in theory one can recover velocity and displacement by double integrating Equation …
Influence of zinc concentration in nutrient solution on growth and elemental content of the Katahdin potato plant

Hoagland’s solutions containing nine levels of zinc ranging from 0 to 50 ppm were applied as a drench tri-weekly to potato plants (cultivar Katahdin) growing in perlite. Although no deficiency symptoms were observed during the 46-day growing period, varying degrees of toxicity were associated with solution concentrations of 25 ppm Zn and higher. The tissue concentration necessary to induce toxicity symptoms appeared to fall between 648 and 932 ppm Zn, with an indication that growth may be reduced at tissue concentrations less than 648 ppm. Solution concentrations in excess of 20 ppm Zn caused a significant reduction in dry weight of top, root and rhizome portions, and number of secondary rhizomes. Increasing Zn treatment concentrations influenced elemental tissue content as follows: Al, Ca, Mn, Mo and Zn increased, B increased only at 40 ppm Zn or above, N and K decreased and P, Mg and Fe contents were generally decreased by the addition of Zn. Cu content was unaffected.