cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Firm-level Responses to Government Regulation: Theoretical and Research Approaches

Historically, the relationship between business firms and government has usually been approached in terms of its effects on the process of representative democracy (i.e., the implications of business political activity for the functioning of government). More recently, perspectives on business-government relations have developed within a managerial framework [i.e., from the viewpoint of the corporation and the manager]. This article discusses the consequences of public policies for the competitive environment of the firm, which provides one explanation for political behavior. Firm-level responses include both strategic adaptation and attempts to influence public policy. It discusses a variety of research approaches to understanding the firm S strategic use of public policy processes, as well as suggestions for further research.
High-performance inductors integrated on porous silicon

To study the substrate effect on inductor performance, several types of spiral inductors were fabricated on porous silicon (PS), p/sup -/ and p/sup +/ silicon substrate. /spl pi/-network analysis results show that the use of PS effectively reduces the shunt conductance and capacitance. The analysis further shows that the use of PS significantly reduces the eddy current portion of series resistance of inductor, leading to slower increase of the apparent series resistance with increasing frequency. Higher Q-factor and resonant frequency (f/sub r/) result from the reduced shunt conductance, shunt capacitance, and frequency dependence of series resistance. Inductors fabricated on PS regions are subjected to a much less stringent set of constraints than those on bulk Si substrate, allowing for much higher inductance to be achieved without severe sacrifice in Q-factor and f/sub r/. Similarly, much higher Q-factor can be obtained for reasonable inductance and f/sub r/.
Deepwater Pipelines: Reliability of Finite Element Models in the Prediction of Collapse and Collapse Propagation Loads

In the design of pipelines it is of utmost importance to use validated numerical tools, usually finite element models, to reliably determine the structural limit loads. Also for steel pipes manufacturers it is very important, for establishing the set-up of their production processes, to be able to analyze using validated finite element models the effect that different manufacturing imperfections have on the pipe limit loads (e.g. “ovalization” of the external diameter, eccentricity, residual stresses, etc.). For deepwater pipelines the most relevant limit states that need to be analyzed are the collapse and collapse propagation under different combinations of external pressure and bending. In the second section of this paper we discuss the finite element models that we developed to predict the collapse and collapse propagation of seamless steel pipes under external pressure and bending. The validation of these models was performed comparing the numerical results with experimental results obtained at CFER (Edmonton, Canada) [1] and at our lab for the pre-collapse and post-collapse regimes. In deepwater pipelines, in order to prevent the propagation of collapse failures through the pipeline length, buckle arrestors are used. In the third section of this paper we review the finite element models that we developed to predict buckle arrestors cross-over external pressures. The validation of these models was performed comparing the numerical results with experimental ones obtained at our lab for different ratios [arrestor thickness/pipe thickness] corresponding to either the flattening or flipping cross-over mechanisms [2]. Finally in the fourth section of this paper the validated finite element models are used to perform parametric analyses that provide useful data for pipeline engineers on the effect of different geometrical parameters on crossover pressure.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Characteristics Associated With Depression in Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia

We describe the prevalence, assessment, and treatment of, as well as characteristics associated with, depression in residential care/assisted living and nursing home residents with dementia. Overall, 25% of the participants were depressed. Depression was related to severe cognitive impairment, behavioral symptoms, pain, and for-profit nursing home residence.
α-Cyclodextrin extracts diacylglycerol from insect high density lipoproteins

a -Cyclodextrins are water-soluble cyclic hexa- mers of glucose units with hydrophobic cavities capable of solubilizing lipophiles. Incubating a -cyclodextrin with high density lipophorin from Manduca sexta or Bombyx mori re- sulted in a cloudy, turbid solution. Centrifugation separated a pale yellowish precipitate. Thin-layer chromatography anal- ysis of the lipid extract of the precipitate showed that the major lipid was diacylglycerol, while KBr density gradient analysis of the supernatant demonstrated the presence of a lipid-depleted very high density lipophorin. Transfer of diacyl- glycerol from lipophorin to cyclodextrin was specific to a - cyclodextrin and was not observed with b - or g -cyclodextrins. pH had no effect on diacylglycerol transfer to a -cyclodextrin. However, the transfer was strongly dependent on the con- centration of a -cyclodextrin and temperature. Increasing the concentration of a -cyclodextrin in the incubation mixture was associated with the formation of increasingly higher density lipophorins. Thus, at 20, 30, and 40 m M a -cyclodex- trin, the density of B. mori lipophorin increased from 1.107 g/ml to 1.123, 1.148, and 1.181 g/ml, respectively. At con- centrations greater than 40 m M , a -cyclodextrin had no fur- ther effect on the density of lipophorin. a -Cyclodextrin re- moved at most 83-87% of the diacylglycerol present in lipophorin. Temperature played an important role in altering the amount of diacylglycerols transferred to a -cyclodextrin. At 30 m M a -cyclodextrin, the amount of diacylglycerol trans- ferred at different temperatures was 50% at 4 8 C, 41% at 15 8 C, 20% at 28 8 C, and less than 3% at 37 8 C. We propose that diacylglycerol transfers to a -cyclodextrin via an aque- ous diffusion pathway and that the driving force for the transfer is the formation of an insoluble a -cyclodextrin- diacylglycerol complex. —Jouni, Z. E., J. Zamora, M. Snyder, W. R. Montfort, A. Weichsel, and M. A. Wells. a -Cyclodex- trin extracts diacylglycerol from insect high density lipopro- teins. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 933-939.
Structuring Criteria For Real Time System Design

This paper discusses and compares the criteria used by different design methods for decomposing a real time system into tasks and modules. The criteria considered are coupling, cohesion and information hiding for module structuring and concurrency for tasks. The Structured Design method uses the module coupling and cohesion criteria. The NRL method and Object Oriented Design use information hiding as the primary criterion for identifying modules and objects respectively. The Darts design method uses a set of task structuring criteria for identifying the concurrent tasks in the system. A new design method for real time systems is introduced that uses both task structuring and information hiding module structuring criteria. The method is described and illustrated by means of an example of an automoble cruise control system.
Absence of Actions of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicines and Electroacupuncture on Myocardial Infarct Size

Background:Some studies have suggested that certain Chinese herbal remedies and acupuncture could limit ischemia/reperfusion damage. We sought to determine whether the commonly used single herb Danshen (DS), either alone or in combination with Jiang Xiang (JX), or electroacupuncture (EA) reduces myocardial infarct size.Methods:An anesthetized rat model of proximal left coronary artery occlusion (30 minutes) and reperfusion (180 minutes) was used to measure infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) and ischemic risk zone (blue dye technique). Rats were either untreated (saline) or received an infusion of DS or DS + JX, starting 30 minutes prior to coronary occlusion. In a separate protocol, rats were untreated, received static needle (ND) placement without stimulation or EA at P5-P6 acupuncture points in the rat forearm starting 5 minutes before occlusion and lasting for 40 minutes, or starting 30 minutes before occlusion and lasting for 90 minutes.Results:In the herbal experiments, myocardial infarct s...
Redundant proteolytic mechanisms process seed storage proteins in the absence of seed-type members of the vacuolar processing enzyme family of cysteine proteases.

Seed-type vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) activity is predicted to be essential for post-translational proteolysis of seed storage proteins in the protein storage vacuole of developing seeds. To test this hypothesis, we examined the protein profiles of developing and germinating seeds from Arabidopsis plants containing transposon-insertional knockout mutations in the genes that encode the two seed-type VPEs in Arabidopsis, βVPE, which was identified previously, and δVPE, which is described here. The effects of these mutations were studied individually in single mutants and together in a double mutant. Surprisingly, we found that most of the seed protein still was processed proteolytically in seed-type VPE mutants. The minor differences observed in polypeptide accumulation between wild-type and βVPE mutant seeds were characterized using a two-dimensional gel/mass spectrometric analysis approach. The results showed increased amounts of propolypeptide forms of legumin-type globulins accumulating in mutant seeds. However, the majority of protein (>80%) still was processed to mature α- and β-chains, as observed in wild-type seeds. Furthermore, we identified several legumin-type globulin polypeptides, not corresponding to pro or mature forms, that increased in accumulation in βVPE mutant seeds compared with wild-type seeds. Together, these results indicate the existence of both redundant and alternative processing activities in seeds. The latter was substantiated by N-terminal sequencing of a napin-type albumin protein, indicating cleavage consistent with previous in vitro studies using purified aspartic protease. Analysis of genome-wide transcript profiling data sets identified six protease genes (including an aspartic protease gene and βVPE) that shared spatial and temporal expression patterns with seed storage proteins. From these results, we conclude that seed-type VPEs constitute merely one pathway for processing seed storage protein and that other proteolytic enzymes also can process storage proteins into chains capable of stable accumulation in mature seeds.
The Role of Wives in Family Businesses: The Paid and Unpaid Work of Women

This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finance to examine wives’ economic contributions to family businesses. Wives’ contributions to family businesses take several forms: managing the household, working in the business, being employed by others, working in the business and holding outside employment at the same time, and simultaneously holding two jobs. Wives’ employment in the business was significantly related to the size of the family business, their market employment, the husbands’ self-reported health status, and the origin and type of business enterprise.
A conserved RNA pseudoknot in a putative molecular switch domain of the 3′-untranslated region of coronaviruses is only marginally stable

The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the group 2 coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome contains a predicted bulged stem-loop (designated P0ab), a conserved cis-acting pseudoknot (PK), and a more distal stem-loop (designated P2). Base-pairing to create the pseudoknot-forming stem (P1(pk)) is mutually exclusive with formation of stem P0a at the base of the bulged stem-loop; as a result, the two structures cannot be present simultaneously. Herein, we use thermodynamic methods to evaluate the ability of individual subdomains of the 3' UTR to adopt a pseudoknotted conformation. We find that an RNA capable of forming only the predicted PK (58 nt; 3' nucleotides 241-185) adopts the P2 stem-loop with little evidence for P1(pk) pairing in 0.1 M KCl and the absence of Mg(2+); as Mg(2+) or 1 M KCl is added, a new thermal unfolding transition is induced and assignable to P1(pk) pairing. The P1(pk) helix is only marginally stable, ΔG(25) ≈ 1.2 ± 0.3 kcal/mol (5.0 mM Mg(2+), 100 mM K(+)), and unfolded at 37°C. Similar findings characterize an RNA 5' extended through the P0b helix only (89 nt; 294-185). In contrast, an RNA capable of forming either the P0a helix or the pseudoknot (97 nt; 301-185) forms no P1(pk) helix. Thermal unfolding simulations are fully consistent with these experimental findings. These data reveal that the PK forms weakly and only when the competing double-hairpin structure cannot form; in the UTR RNA, the double hairpin is the predominant conformer under all solution conditions.
Pulmonary Perfusion: Respiratory-triggered Three-dimensional MR Imaging with Arterial Spin Tagging—Preliminary Results in Healthy Volunteers

The authors used a spin-tagging method of magnetic resonance perfusion imaging to measure pulmonary perfusion in eight healthy volunteers with use of a respiratory-triggered three-dimensional pulse sequence. The average signal intensity (SI) decrease upon arterial labeling was 24%. The perfusion SI increased by 21% after exercise (P = .02). Focal blood flow abnormalities were observed in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A fully automated technique for constructing FSM abstractions of non-ideal latches in communication systems

The design of a communications system is typically most effective only when each of its components can be accurately represented by a discrete, symbolic behavioural abstraction. Such abstractions, in addition to providing valuable design intuition, also enable highly efficient and scalable system-level simulation. However, given a SPICE-level description for a subsystem such as a latch, it is a challenge to come up with a discrete, symbol-level abstraction that accurately captures its continuous-time dynamics. Indeed, the manual construction of such an abstraction requires deep knowledge and understanding of the operation of the module in question; moreover, it is very time-consuming, tedious, error-prone and not easily scalable to larger designs. In recent work [1], we adapted methods from computational learning theory to develop an automated technique, DAE2FSM, that produces binary finite state machine (FSM) abstractions of non-linear analog/mixed-signal (AMS) circuits. In the present paper, we demonstrate the application of the DAE2FSM technique to automatically derive FSM abstractions for a mixed-signal communications circuit component, namely a current mode latch (CML) designed in IBM's 90nm LP process technology. We show that the FSMs learned by DAE2FSM not only capture the essence of the latch's behaviour during normal conditions, but also faithfully mimic its behaviour under adverse operating conditions (e.g., under lowered supply voltages). Moreover, in addition to a stand-alone CML, we also generate FSMs for cascades of two and three latches (such topologies are used in the design of power-efficient, bit-error optimised analog-to-digital converters). In spite of the inherent non-linearity of such systems, and in spite of the pronounced “analog-ness” of the waveforms in question, our FSM abstractions are able to produce discrete-time symbol sequences that closely match the data points obtained by sampling from continuous-time SPICE simulations.
H/D Exchange Levels of Shape-Resolved Cytochrome c Conformers in the Gas Phase

The conformations of cytochrome c ions (+8 through +18) in the gas phase are examined by simultaneous ion-mobility and hydrogen−deuterium exchange measurements. By varying the voltage used to inject ions into the drift tube it is possible to study H/D exchange of specific conformers observed in the ion-mobility spectra: either very diffuse structures that are favored for all charge states at high injection voltages or compact structures that can be favored for the +8, +9, and +10 charge states at low voltages. The number of exchangeable hydrogens for the diffuse conformer is independent of charge state, with an average value that is quite low: only 63 ± 2 of a possible 198. The compact conformers observed for the +8 through +10 charge states exchange fewer hydrogens (∼46), consistent with the idea that compact structures protect some hydrogens in the gas phase. Many sites that rapidly exchange in solution appear to be restricted for exchange in the gas phase, even for very open conformers.
Subsurface damage measurement in silicon wafers with cross-polarisation confocal microscopy

Silicon wafers are used as the substrates upon which over 90% of the semiconductor devices are manufactured. A series of processes are needed to manufacture silicon wafers. Some processes will induce SubSurface Damage (SSD) that should be eliminated by subsequent processes. Therefore, the assessment of SSD is critically important to optimise manufacturing processes and ensure high quality of silicon wafers. In this paper, a novel non-destructive method is introduced for measuring the SSD in silicon wafers, the cross-polarisation confocal microscopy. This paper also presents experimental results of using this method to measure the SSD in ground silicon wafers.
Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection.

Tobacco dependence is a key construct in tobacco research. This paper describes a construct validation approach to dependence assessment and describes key conceptual and psychometric criteria on which to evaluate putative measures of dependence. Five current dependence scales-the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.); the Cigarette Dependence Scale; the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale; and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives-are examined with respect to these critical dimensions. Recommendations are made regarding the use of each measure.
Social Learning Theory: A Multicultural Study of Influences on Ethical Behavior

We propose Social Learning Theory as a theoretical foundation for understanding the ethical standards of future business leaders. Using data drawn from students from 115 four-year undergraduate institutions in 36 different countries, the relationships among role models, capitalism, and laws were examined. The data suggest that future business leaders educated in environments espousing all moral philosophies except virtue ethics are influenced by their role models. However, differences in unethical behavior are found as related to the social influences of capitalism and laws.
E-018 Preliminary experience with the percutaneous embolization of paragangliomas at the carotid bifurcation using only Onyx

Introduction and purpose Surgical resection of hypervascular paraganglioma can be difficult due to intraoperative blood loss. Preoperative endovascular embolization with particulate material facilitates safe and complete surgical resection. However, complete devascularization is often impossible due to an inability to selectively catherize tiny feeding arteries or short pedicles arising from the carotid bifurcation with concerns for embolic reflux. We present our initial angiographic and clinical outcomes using only Onyx (ethylene vinyl alcohol) for percutaneous embolization of paragangliomas at the carotid bifurcation. Materials and methods A consecutive series of five patients with five paragangliomas (carotid body tumors) located at the carotid bifurcation were treated solely with percutaneous Onyx embolization. Fluoroscopic roadmap and ultrasound guided access was utilized for percutaneous needle placement. Onyx 18 and Onyx 34 were infused under constant negative roadmap fluoroscopy. Onyx embolization was continued until devascularization was achieved by angiography or reflux occurred into the feeding arterial pedicles or draining veins. Results Complete devascularization of the five paragangliomas was achieved using a percutaneous embolization technique with Onyx as the sole agent without complications. An average of 2.5 needles (range 2–4) were placed into each carotid body tumor under fluoroscopic and ultrasound guidance. An average of 6.9 ml (range 5–8.5 ml) of Onyx was injected in each tumor. Complete devascularization was achieved in each case by angiography. Surgical resection was subjectively reported to be less intensive with a decreased need for cauterization and reduced intraoperative blood loss. Intraoperative blood loss averaged 80 ml (range 10–200 ml). Conclusion Our preliminary experience suggests that percutaneous Onyx embolization may offer a higher degree of devascularization compared with other embolic agents, allowing safe and complete surgical resection as well as reducing intraoperative blood loss. Onyx appears to be a safe embolic agent when injected percutaneously due to its inherent cohesive nature allowing controlled extended injections, ability to intermittently pause and redirect its flow into the tumor vascular bed.
FINE MAPPING OF A QTL FOR NUMBER OF GRAINS PER PANICLE AND NUMBER OF SPIKELETS PER PANICLE ON SHORT ARM OF RICE CHROMOSOME 6

A quantitative trait locus(QTL) for number of grains per panicle(NGP) and number of spikelets per panicle(NSP) on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was fine mapped.Three residual heterozygous lines(RHLs),which carried overlapping heterozygous segments in interval RM587-RM6119,were selected.Three F2:3 populations were developed and used for QTL analysis for number of grains per panicle,number of spikelets per panicle and grain yield per plant(GY).The QTL for NGP,NSP and GY were detected in all three populations.The genetic action mode and allelic direction of each QTL were consistent across three populations,showing additive action with the increasing allele from maternal line Zhenshan 97B.The magnitude of additive effects was also similar among three populations.This suggests that a QTL was located in the target interval regulating GY by controlling NGP and NSP.By comparing the common heterozygous regions among three RHLs,the QTL for NGP and NSP was delimited in a 96.4kb-segment flanked by RM3414 and RM19417.
Design of a Industrial Real Time Ethernet Communication Module Based on FPGA

The traditional PLC often use CAN as its expansion bus.The rate of CAN bus is often difficult to meet the requirements of the industrial.In order to improve the PLC's communication rate,the paper introduced a communication module as the PLC's expansion bus based on the industrial real time Ethernet.The design uses FPGA to realize the industrial real time Ethernet.This paper introduces the implement method of the industrial real time Ethernet based on FPGA.Used the timer to implement the communication cycle between the PLC's master station with the slave station based on the standard Ethernet.The paper provides a detailed description of the Ethernet's data sending and receiving procedures.Tests show that the module can effectively improve the PLC's communication rate.
A study on reducing the diurnal in the Europe-to-Europe TWSTFT links

Most of the Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT or TW) links exhibit a daily variation (diurnal) on the order of 1 ns in the differences. The stability of TW is degraded by the diurnal. Many studies on the sources of diurnal have been carried out, but no dominating cause of the diurnal has been found. In this study, we examine the diurnal in several Europe-to-Europe TW links and report that the diurnal and the short-term transfer noise can be reduced by using the triangle difference of the transatlantic TW. We will also analyze where the improvement comes from.
Manipulating Single Microtubules

Microtubules which make up the spindle fibers in living cells are highly dynamic. This paper first reviews some history of visualizing individual microtubules (which are only 25 nm in width) and other submicroscopic filaments with the light microscope. We then describe the asymmetric growth and shortening of freshly exposed micro-tubule ends observed with video-enhanced DIC microscopy. Plus and minus ends were exposed by cutting the microtubule with a UV microbeam. Our results indicate that a simple GTP cap is inadequate to explain the stability of a particular microtubule end. Instead, a propagating (conformational) change is likely to be involved in the rapid disassembly of microtubules whenever the cap at the plus (but not minus) end has been removed. The observations suggest a potentially important mechanism that can selectively govern the growth and shortening of individual microtubules in living cells.
An online support group intervention for Asian American lesbian and bisexual women

The present study used a latent growth curve modeling approach to examine the effectiveness of online support group intervention on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction over time. A total of 83 Asian American lesbian and bisexual women were randomly assigned to participate in either a four-week online support group intervention or a no-intervention control group. Participation in the online support group intervention was found to predict higher levels of life satisfaction at post-intervention and those levels were maintained over the follow-up period. No differences were found for level or rate of change for depressive symptoms. Three exploratory moderators were tested for the relations between internalized homophobia or ethnic identity and depressive symptoms or life satisfaction over time. The first moderator was group condition. For depressive symptoms, group condition failed to be a significant moderator of either ethnic identity or internalized homophobia on depressive symptoms at the post-intervention and over time. When internalized homophobia is low, the mean levels of life satisfaction at post-intervention were similar between two groups, but life satisfaction significantly increased over the one-month follow-up period only for support group participants. The second moderator was perceived support from the online group. Perceived support failed to be a significant moderator of internalized homophobia on depressive symptoms or life satisfaction at the post-intervention and over time. However, ethnic identity was found to interact with perceived support. For depressive symptoms, when ethnic identity is high and support is high, participants reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms at post-intervention and over the follow-up period. Conversely, those with low ethnic identity
The Use of "Optimal Cytoreduction" Nomenclature in Ovarian Cancer Literature: Can We Move Toward a More Optimal Classification System?

Objectives The objective of this study is to explore how cytoreductive surgical outcomes such as residual disease (RD) and use of the term “optimal cytoreduction” (OCR) have changed over time in the ovarian cancer literature. Methods We identified all English-language publications referring to ovarian cancer cytoreduction for a 12-year period. Publications were evaluated for how the diameter of RD was categorized and whether OCR was defined. In addition, the use of RD and OCR terminology trends over time and associations between terminology and the region of corresponding author, study type, and journal impact factor were explored. Results Of the 772 publications meeting inclusion criteria, the RD stratification points used to demarcate patient groups were as follows: 0 mm (45%), 5 mm (3.6%), 10 mm (65%), and 20 mm (24%). The use of 0-mm RD (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.15) and 10-mm RD (OR, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.20) to delineate patient outcomes increased over time. The use of OCR terminology did not change over time but was more commonly used in clinical studies as well as those from North America. Many studies (70%) defined OCR as less than or equal to 10-mm RD, whereas 30% defined OCR differently or not at all. Conclusions Optimal cytoreduction terminology remains ambiguous and inconsistently used in the ovarian cancer surgical literature. On the basis of this literature review, we propose a novel classification system to categorize RD without reference to OCR while accurately and succinctly identifying meaningful clinical subgroups and minimizing bias.
Visible-Blind UV Photodetector Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film/ZnO Vertical Heterostructures.

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors based on heterojunctions of conventional (Ge, Si, and GaAs) and wide bandgap semiconductors have been recently demonstrated, but achieving high UV sensitivity and visible-blind photodetection still remains a challenge. Here, we utilized a semitransparent film of p-type semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SC-SWNTs) with an energy gap of 0.68 ± 0.07 eV in combination with a molecular beam epitaxy grown n-ZnO layer to build a vertical p-SC-SWNT/n-ZnO heterojunction-based UV photodetector. The resulting device shows a current rectification ratio of 103, a current photoresponsivity up to 400 A/W in the UV spectral range from 370 to 230 nm, and a low dark current. The detector is practically visible-blind with the UV-to-visible photoresponsivity ratio of 105 due to extremely short photocarrier lifetimes in the one-dimensional SWNTs because of strong electron–phonon interactions leading to exciton formation. In this vertical configuration, UV radiation penetrates the to...
Tone Analyzer for Online Customer Service: An Unsupervised Model with Interfered Training

Emotion analysis of online customer service conservation is important for good user experience and customer satisfaction. However, conventional metrics do not fit this application scenario. In this work, by collecting and labeling online conversations of customer service on Twitter, we identify 8 new metrics, named as tones, to describe emotional information. To better interpret each tone, we extend the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to Tone LDA (T-LDA). In T-LDA, each latent topic is explicitly associated with one of three semantic categories, i.e., tone-related, domain-specific and auxiliary. By integrating tone label into learning, T-LDA can interfere the original unsupervised training process and thus is able to identify representative tone-related words. In evaluation, T-LDA shows better performance than baselines in predicting tone intensity. Also, a case study is conducted to analyze each tone via T-LDA output.
Transcatheter bidirectional Glenn shunt guided by real-time MRI

Methods Ten swine underwent transcatheter bidirectional Glenn procedures under MRI at 1.5T. An MRI antenna-needle was advanced from the superior vena cava (SVC) into the target pulmonary artery (PA) bifurcation using realtime MRI guidance. A caval-pulmonary sheath introduced endografts. Balloon-expansion secured a proximal end-to-end caval anastomosis that also occluded the azygos, and a distal end-to-side pulmonary anastomosis that preserved blood flow to both branch pulmonary arteries.
Relationship between computer segmentation performance and computer classification performance in breast CT: A simulation study using RGI segmentation and LDA classification.

PURPOSE Many computer aided diagnosis (CADx) tools for breast cancer begin by fully or semiautomatically segmenting a given breast lesion and then classifying the lesion's likelihood of malignancy using quantitative features extracted from the image. It is often assumed that better segmentation will result in better classification. However, this has not been thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between computer segmentation performance and computer classification performance. METHOD We used 85 breast lesions (32 benign, 56 malignant) from breast computed tomography (CT) cases of 82 women. We prepared one smooth and one sharp iterative image reconstructions (IIR) and a clinical reconstruction for each of the 82 breast CT scans. For each reconstruction, we created 15 segmentation outcomes by applying 15 different segmentation algorithms. Specifically, we simulated 15 segmentation algorithms by changing parameters in a single segmentation algorithm. We then created 15 classification outcomes by conducting quantitative image feature analysis on the segmented image results. Using a 10-fold cross-validation, we evaluated the relationship between segmentation and classification performances. RESULT We found a low positive correlation between segmentation and classification performances for the smooth IIR (median Pearson's rho = 0.18), while a moderate positive correlation (median Pearson's rho = 0.4-0.43) was found between the two performances for the sharp IIR and clinical reconstruction. However, we found large variations in both segmentation and classification performances for the sharp IIR and clinical reconstruction. There were cases where segmentation algorithms resulted in similar segmentation performances, but the corresponding classification performances were different. These results indicate that an improvement in segmentation performance does not guarantee an improvement in the corresponding classification performance. CONCLUSION Computer segmentation is an indirect variable affecting the computer classification. As better segmentation does not guarantee better classification, we should report both segmentation and classification performances when comparing segmentation algorithms.
Use of Tracers and Dyes to Assess Ground Water Contamination Potential for Glacial Till Aquifers

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of chloride, bromide, lithium, and a fluorescent dye for tracing the movement of agricultural chemicals to ground water. In one study, bromide, nitrate, lithium, and rhodamine WT were applied with irrigation water to the field plot through a sprinkler system. In the second study, bromide, chloride, and rhodamine WT were mixed with two herbicides (cyanazine and alachlor) and were sprayed on the surface of the plot, which received rainfall with a rainfall simulator. In the third study, chloride as a tracer was used to trace the movement of NO3-N in the vadose zone. During and after the experiments, groundwater samples were collected. These samples were analyzed for tracer and chemical concentrations. Based on adsorption coefficients in the literature and field experiments, rhodamine WT dye is roughly 20 to 40 times more strongly adsorbed than the commonly used pesticides. Experimental results also indicate that a combination of adsorbed tracers (fluorescent dyes) and non-adsorbed tracers (anions) have the potential for tracing the movement of water as well as adsorbed and non-adsorbed chemicals (nitrates and pesticides) to ground water. This study shows that macropores provide potential paths for rapid transport of chemicals to ground water and tracers offer a potential to investigate ground water contamination problems.
Long-Standing Retinal Detachments

Long-standing retinal detachments often have a variety of characteristic structural changes, for example, demarcation lines, macrocysts, and subretinal bands, which are discussed in this chapter.
German Colonial Wars and the Context of Military Violence

Susanne Kuss’s German Colonial Wars and the Context of Military Violence (2017), which is the English translation of her 2010 account Deutsches Militar auf kolonialen Kriegsschauplatzen, is a very ...
Do the Communities We Choose Shape our Political Beliefs? A Study of the Politicization of Topics in Online Social Groups

Social media has become a ubiquitous part of the lives of many people, and provides a channel for ordinary people to voice and to hear political opinions. However, many believe that the rise of social media has lead to an increasing polarization of political views, with political bias becoming intertwined with seemingly non-political interests and behavior. In this paper, we aim to use natural language processing techniques to analyze the political bias of online social groups and the degree to which this bias correlates with non-political topics. Whereas this phenomenon has been studied extensively on networks such as Twitter, the popular social media domain Reddit has been relatively unexplored despite the structure of the platform allowing users to easily create their own interest-based subcommunities, thus providing an important and unique data source relevant to the topic at hand. This paper analyzes comment data from approximately 3,300 message boards on Reddit, with the goal of providing novel empirical knowledge about how group topic informs political bias in Reddit sub-communities. Topics of Reddit subcommunities are determined using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, and political bias of subcommunities is measured through direct comparison with external corpora of politically biased vocabulary; results are discussed within. Furthermore, to test the politicization of topics, we train a classifier on topic features to obtain a high accuracy of 85.2% (compared to a random-guessing baseline of 64.8%), suggesting fairly strong correlations between group topic and politically biased language in communities.
Expression of the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Gene in Refractory Lymphoma: Quantitation by a Validated Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

Previous work investigating the role of MDR-1 overexpression in relapsed and refractory lymphoma led us to investigate a possible role for multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) as a cause of resistance in patients who did not overexpress MDR-1 . A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for measuring MRP expression was validated. Immunoblot analysis suggested that no major discrepancy was present between mRNA expression and protein levels. MRP levels were found to be independent of sample tumor content by immunophenotyping, suggesting that the presence of normal cells had no significant impact on measurements of MRP expression. We evaluated MRP in 55 biopsy samples from 40 patients with refractory lymphoma enrolled on a trial of infusional chemotherapy (EPOCH). Pre- and post-EPOCH samples were available from 15 patients. MRP levels were also evaluated in 16 newly diagnosed, untreated lymphoma patient samples. No significant difference in MRP mRNA expression was noted between pre- and post-EPOCH groups. Also, MRP levels in the newly diagnosed patient samples were not significantly different from either pre- or post-EPOCH groups. Two of 15 paired pre- and post-EPOCH patient samples exhibited overexpression of MRP after EPOCH chemotherapy, with measured increases of 10-fold and 18-fold. We conclude that MRP overexpression is not responsible for non–P-glycoprotein (Pgp)–mediated drug resistance in the majority of these patients, although it may be important in a subset of patients. Defining this subset prospectively could aid in the development of clinical trials of MRP modulation in drug-resistant lymphoma.
Summarizing Topics: From Word Lists to Phrases

In this paper, we present a two-stage approach to generating descriptive phrases from the output of a statistical topic model, such as LDA [4].
New dimensions of agricultural management for human resources management

The new dimensions of management research for human resources were applied in the frame of research project MSM 12220002. The society research with its cultural leads to usage of qualitative research methods. At imaginal board between qualitative and quantitative methods the method of semantic differential is found. It is possible to transfer culturological elements into numerical effect by colour semantic differential test usage that garants a high objective finding realized in agricultural management. There were proved the conformity and bounding up with culturological values of representants of Czech managers and representants of agricultural management.
GAGA: NOTES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC IDENTITY

Lady Gaga distinctively exemplifies the contemporary celebrity in popular culture because of the extent of her fame as well as because of the peculiar persona she presents to her audience of both fans and onlookers. In this paper, I discuss how the persona of the person born as Stefani Germanotta was created and subsequently maintained in a variety of ways related to her naming as Lady Gaga. Invoking the work of Erving Goffman, my discussion extends beyond an analysis of the effectiveness and fame of Lady Gaga’s presentation of self to the ensuing essence of her persona itself, that is, of Lady Gaga as Gaga rather than gaga. Not merely a brand, Lady Gaga is in more ways than only economic also what Lady Gaga has become to herself and to others. As the performer slips in and out of the many public personae she has created in her name, I argue, she has become Gaga to the public at large and, with only minimal qualification, among her once personal friends as well as in the privacy of her socially constituted self. The truth that has to be acknowledged today is that Lady Gaga has indeed become Lady Gaga.
Gene Expression and Physiological Differences in Neo-Octoploid Switchgrass Subjected to Drought Stress

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been subject to breeding to improve its yield and composition for bioenergy. Increased tolerance of environmental stress is another factor that can improve yields over the life span of a field plot. Natural ploidy series act as somewhat distinct gene pools in switchgrass that maintain differences with respect to tolerance of environmental stress and which can only be bridged through whole genome reduction or duplication events. In order to document potential wide-ranging effects of whole genome duplication, we examined the effects of water stress on growth, physiology, and gene expression in individual tetraploid clones of the switchgrass cultivar “Liberty” as well as neo-octoploid lines derived from it. The neo-octoploids behaved similarly to Liberty under water stress and recovery conditions: Water-stressed plants had approximately 50% or greater reduction of biomass, plant height, and node numbers. Tiller number and photosynthesis rates of stressed plants were reduced by up to 50%, while proline levels were significantly higher in stressed plants than well-watered plants. A total of 6134 differentially expressed genes (8% of the annotated genes with detectable expression in crown tissue) were detected under water-deficit stress, while 3310 differentially expressed genes were detected in crown tissue after 1 week of recovery from water-deficit stress relative to well-watered treatments. Only 187 genes were identified as being differentially expressed between 4x Liberty and its 8x derivatives. This study indicates neo-octoploids could be viable 8x-equivalent Liberty stand-ins for future breeding assays.
STRATIFIED MARINE LAKES OF PALAU (WESTERN CAROLINE ISLANDS)

The physical geography of the limestone islands of Palau permits permanent water-column stratification in 13 tropical sea-level marine lakes, each with unique water-column physics, chemistry, and b...
Spectrally-selective vanadium dioxide based tunable metafilm emitter for dynamic radiative cooling

Abstract Dynamic radiative cooling with variable emissive power is experimentally demonstrated in this study by a wavelength-selective tunable metafilm emitter, which consists of an opaque aluminum film, a sputtered silicon spacer, and a thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer fabricated by a furnace oxidation method. The temperature-dependent spectral emittance, experimentally obtained from spectral reflectance measurements, clearly shows a pronounced emission peak around 10 μm wavelength when the VO2 experiences an insulator-to-metal phase transition near 65 °C. The tunable metafilm emitter achieves a significant total emittance increase from 0.14 at room temperature to 0.60 at 100 °C. Theoretical modeling based on thin-film optics indicates that the emission enhancement at high temperatures is realized by Fabry-Perot cavity resonance with the metallic VO2 film. Moreover, a calorimetry-based thermal vacuum experiment was conducted and the enhanced thermal emission of the fabricated tunable metafilm sample was experimentally demonstrated at temperatures higher than the phase transition temperature, compared to black, aluminum and doped silicon samples, whose emittance changes little near room temperatures. The developed tunable metafilm emitter with variable spectrally-selective emittance in the mid-infrared holds great promise for both terrestrial and extraterrestrial dynamic radiative cooling applications.
Accounting for external factors and early intervention adoption in the design and analysis of stepped-wedge designs: Application to a proposed study design to reduce opioid-related mortality.

Background: Stepped-wedge designs (SWDs) are currently being used to investigate interventions to reduce opioid overdose deaths in communities located in several states. However, these interventions are competing with external factors such as newly initiated public policies limiting opioid prescriptions, media awareness campaigns, and social distancing orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, control communities may prematurely adopt components of the proposed intervention as they become widely available. These types of events induce confounding of the intervention effect by time. Such confounding is a well-known limitation of SWDs; a common approach to adjusting for it makes use of a mixed effects modeling framework that includes both fixed and random effects for time. However, these models have several shortcomings when multiple confounding factors are present. Methods: We discuss the limitations of existing methods based on mixed effects models in the context of proposed SWDs to investigate interventions intended to reduce mortality associated with the opioid epidemic, and propose solutions to accommodate deviations from assumptions that underlie these models. We conduct an extensive simulation study of anticipated data from SWD trials targeting the current opioid epidemic in order to examine the performance of these models under different sources of confounding. We specifically examine the impact of factors external to the study and premature adoption of intervention components. Results: When only external factors are present, our simulation studies show that commonly used mixed effects models can result in unbiased estimates of the intervention effect, but have inflated Type 1 error and result in under coverage of confidence intervals. These models are severely biased when confounding factors differentially impact intervention and control clusters; premature adoption of intervention components is an example of this scenario. In these scenarios, models that incorporate fixed intervention-by-time interaction terms and an unstructured covariance for the intervention-by-cluster-by-time random effects result in unbiased estimates of the intervention effect, reach nominal confidence interval coverage, and preserve Type 1 error, but may reduce power. Conclusions: The incorporation of fixed and random time effects in mixed effects models require certain assumptions about the impact of confounding by time in SWD. Violations of these assumptions can result in severe bias of the intervention effect estimate, under coverage of confidence intervals, and inflated Type 1 error. Since model choice has considerable impact on study power as well as validity of results, careful consideration needs to be given to choosing an appropriate model that takes into account potential confounding factors.