cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Customer relationship management: Barnard's foundations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to delve into Barnard's works to construct foundations of customer relationship management (CRM).Design/methodology/approach – The paper identifies Barnard's insights on customer participation using a post‐analytic method and uses them as inputs to the analysis of current CRM practices.Findings – As an outcome of the analysis, the paper identifies the practices that are likely to lead to more effective participatory behavior of customers.Research limitations/implications – Examining CRM from a historical perspective can open promising avenues for future research.Practical implications – CRM programs should incorporate the practice of customer relations management in order to provide managers with the knowledge base required for appropriate decision making.Originality/value – By placing contemporary discussions of CRM in its seminal historical context, scholars can draw upon a wealth of historical inputs to advance the study of how collaborations with customers can be...
Nail-gun narcolepsy

A man aged 48 years who had a history of obsessive compulsive disorder and depression was found unconscious on his basement fl oor with a nail gun. He arrived at the emergency room in a deep coma with a 15 cm (6 inches) nail embedded in the occipital lobe (fi gure A). The nail had entered through the frontal bone and traversed the midline through the diencephalic region, which led to severe intraparenchymal and intra ventricular bleeding (fi gure B). The patient underwent surgery to remove the nail. Although the man did not have any sleep disorders before the traumatic brain injury, he developed substantial and persistent hyper somnolence with daily sleep duration of 20 h. When assessed at the Sleep Disorders Centre, the patient did not have neurological defi cits and the obsessive compulsive disorder had completely resolved without medications. A poly somnogram showed that sleep was highly fragmented and that there was an early onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (fi gure C). A multiple sleep latency test showed that sleep latency was shortened and REM sleep periods occurred in all 5 nap opportunities, consistent with the diagnosis of narcolepsy without cataplexy induced by traumatic brain injury. The patient’s hypersomnolence improved with the use of stimulant drugs (methylphenidate and modafi nil). Sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, are common in patients complaining of chronic hyper somnolence following a traumatic brain injury; appropriate therapy can lead to symptomatic relief. Lancet 2009; 374: 238
Glucocorticoid treatment down-regulates chemokine expression of bacterial cholangitis in cholestatic rats.

Abstract Background Postoperative cholangitis is common after operation for biliary atresia. Empirical pulse therapy with glucocorticoid is effective in reversing some detrimental clinical manifestations, but the rationale for such a therapy still is not substantiated. Methods Adult male rats were divided into groups according to the treatment: sterile normal saline (NS) or Escherichia coli (EC, 1 mL containing 10 8 cells of ATCC 25922 strain), 1 mL, were infused into the proximal choledochostomy (PC) tube 2 weeks after ligation of the PC tube (bile duct ligation, BDL), then immediate tube-tube choledocho-choledochostomy (biliary drainage, BD) was constructed. A high dose of dexamethasone (DEX, intraperitoneal injection; 2 mg/kg of body weight) was given after BD in treatment groups. Histopathology of the liver, as well as liver chemokine mRNA expression and serum chemokine levels, were studied 24 hours after treatment. Results Inflammatory cell infiltration to the liver was retarded with DEX treatment, which was correlated with a significantly lower expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA in the liver ( P = .006). Serum IL-8 and MCP-1 levels were also significantly down-regulated with DEX treatment ( P = 0.008). Conclusions Glucocorticoid treatment is effective in modulating IL-8 and MCP-1 expression and ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration in rat liver with bacterial cholangitis and cholestasis.
Interference with the screening of genomic libraries by rearrangements of λ1059

Abstract The lambda Spi − bacteriophage vectors have become widely used for the cloning of large DNA fragments. In the cloning process, the replacement of a central spacer fragment containing the lambda genes red and gam converts phage to a Spi − phenotype; this enables growth on P2 lysogens and hence provides a selection for recombinant phage. The present report describes the observation that a high percentage of Spi − phage variants are present in parental stocks of λ1059. The source of these variants is a rearrangement in the phage genome that inactivates red and gam . The genome of λ1059 contains COLE1 plasmid sequences in the replaceable spacer fragment, and the altered phage retain these plasmid sequences. The presence of COLEI sequences in these variant phage complicates the screening of genomic libraries with recombinant plasmids or DNA fragments purified from COLE1-derived plasmid vectors such as pBR322.
Crazing as quasifracture in an oriented viscoelastic medium

Crazes of different types occur in polymeric systems. Long, sparse crazes develop in less oriented molecular systems, while fine, short, dense crazes occur in highly oriented molecular systems. Different crazing mechanisms and different models may have to be studied for a better understanding of these differences. However, in this report, using one model and one theory, an analysis has been made of the differences in the geometry of craze development. By emphasizing the mechanism of molecular orientation, it is found that the basic differences are essentially attributable to the variation of the anisotropy of the material system as a result of large deformation rather than to any fundamental differences in the crazing mechanism.
Particle acceleration in solar flares by cyclotron damping of cascading turbulence

It is pointed out that cyclotron damping of cascading turbulence can be a very efficient acceleration process because the turbulence is generally damped by the suprathermal tail of the particle distribution. Using a simplified approach to the transfer of wave energy down the spectrum, analytic time-dependent solutions are derived which describe the growth of the tail and its effect back on the turbulence. They suggest that with this mechanism, a sizable fraction of all the available energy ends up in a very small minority of the particles at the flare site, in accord with observations. Preferential acceleration of heavy elements is generally expected. The enhancement mechanism is very sensitive; and if He-3 is preaccelerated by even a modest amount, it could be enhanced by many orders of magnitude, as observed in some flares.
Indirect Reduction of Bilateral Tilt Fractures Using a Supra-Acetabular Pelvic External Fixator

Tilt fractures are a variant of pelvic ring fractures that result when the anterior pelvic ring is fractured at the superior pubic root and through the ischial ramus.1 Most commonly, these injuries are associated with Young and Burgess Lateral Compression type injuries. Lateral compression drives the hemipelvis medially and the resultant force allows the fragment to “tilt” anteriorly and inferiorly into the perineum. The tilt fracture is more commonly seen in women, and displacement of the ramus fragment into the perineum may result in occult open fractures. Assessment of these injuries in women requires a careful manual and speculum pelvic examination. Even without penetration of the fragment into the perineum, if left untreated, these fragments may cause dyspareunia, and therefore operative treatment is recommended. Different operative techniques have been described for surgical treatment of pubic ramus fractures.2–4 Operative treatments for tilt fractures include attempted closed reduction or open reduction and internal fixation of the anterior pelvic ring.5 We present a simple technique using a two-pin supraacetabular external fixator to indirectly reduce and maintain the tilt fracture and the pelvic ring deformity. Specifically for the treatment of tilt fractures, the fixator may be used as both a reduction and definitive fixation tool. Alternatively, the supra-acetabular fixator may be used as an intraoperative reduction tool, maintaining the reduction while definitive internal fixation is applied.
PROSTHETIC (TEFLON) AORTO-PULMONARY SHUNT FOR CYANOTIC NEWBORN BABIES

The right pulmonary artery-aortic shunt often results in undesirable sequelae related to unequal flow to both lungs. Subsequent repair of the anastomosis may also be difficult. Expanded microporous polytetra-fluoroethylene (PTFE) is useful for constructing conduits for small-vessel bypass. In past 18 months, 11 babies, age 1 to 18 days (8), weight 2.1 to 3.6 Kg (2.9), underwent PTFE aorto-pulmonary shunt. All were critically-ill, cyanotic and with complex cardiac anomalies including pulmonary atresia (6) or severe pulmonary stenosis (5). A 4 mm-diameter PTFE conduit, 2 to 6 cm (4) long, was anastomosed to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk or its bifurcation. Preshunt arterial O2 saturation was 72% (range, 33-80), and postshunt saturation 87% (range, 78-90). One baby with asplenia died from ventricular fibrillation during surgery; 3 others died from non-surgical causes (CVA, pseudomonas sepsis, inadequate atrial defect). The 7 long-tern survivors (2-17 months follow-up, mean=12) are clinically well. Hemodynamic studies in 2 showed comparable flows to both lungs. Clinical observations and animal flow studies have demonstrated optimal length of the 4 mm-diameter PTFE as 2.5 to 4 cm. The PTFE shunt is effective for palliation in newborn cables.
Lacosamide: new adjunctive treatment option for partial-onset seizures.

Importance of the field: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting up to 2% of the population worldwide. Studies show that patients with refractory seizures have higher morbidity and mortality rates, as well as a poorer quality of life, than those with controlled seizures. Therefore, treatment that reduces the frequency of seizures may improve patients' quality of life. Lacosamide (LCM) is a recently approved anticonvulsant in Europe and the USA which offers new mechanisms of action and favorable safety profiles. Efficacy data have shown fast onset of anticonvulsant effects and significant reduction of partial-onset seizures as adjunctive therapy at LCM 200 and 400 mg/day, even in a severely refractory population.Areas covered in this review: This article reviews three pivotal clinical trials of LCM, including its efficacy and tolerability over 7 years. In addition, LCM's key pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics from a search of the literature are reviewed in detail. This artic...
Secondary Ion MS Imaging To Relatively Quantify Cholesterol in the Membranes of Individual Cells from Differentially Treated Populations

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is a well-established bioanalytical method for directly imaging the chemical distribution across single cells. Here we report a protocol for the use of SIMS imaging to comparatively quantify the relative difference in cholesterol level between the plasma membranes of two cells. It should be possible to apply this procedure to the study of other selected lipids. This development enables direct comparison of the chemical effects of different drug treatments and incubation conditions in the plasma membrane at the single-cell level. Relative, quantitative TOF-SIMS imaging has been used here to compare macrophage cells treated to contain elevated levels of cholesterol with respect to control cells. In situ fluorescence microscopy with two different membrane dyes was used to discriminate morphologically similar but differentially treated cells prior to SIMS analysis. SIMS images of fluorescently identified cells reveal that the two populations of cells h...
Performance Comparison of Three Freeway Guide Sign Alphabets

Modern fully retroreflective legends can create a blooming effect that reduces legibility. In this research project three alphabets were evaluated to determine whether the legibility of a white high-intensity legend on a green high-intensity background could be improved by reducing the blooming effect. The three alphabets were: Series E(Modified), Clearview, and British Transport Medium. Overhead and ground-mounted sign positions were evaluated in both daytime and nighttime conditions. There was no sign illumination for the nighttime conditions other than the vehicle headlights. Both legibility (unknown word) and recognition (known word) distances were measured. A total of 54 subjects participated in both daytime and nighttime trials. There was significant variability in the results of the various experimental conditions. In general, the results indicated that Clearview was slightly more legible than Series E(Modified) in the overhead position in both daytime and nighttime conditions. The extent of improv...
Dynamic properties of rocks and composite structural materials

Abstract The response of natural rocks and concrete-like composites to dynamic loading was studied by measuring the passage of stress waves in ballistically-suspended Hopkinson bars. The substances considered include various plutonic rocks exhibiting a wide spectrum of grain sizes, as well as sedimentary, volcanic and structural materials, the latter consisting of combinations of Portland cement and special types of igneous aggregates. Transient loading was accomplished by the central longitudinal impact of a 1/2-in. diameter steel sphere at projectile velocities ranging up to 10,000 in/sec. The shape and velocity of propagation of the symmetric components of the resultant pulses were recorded at various stations along the bars by means of surface strain gages or sandwiched quartz crystal pressure transducers. The metamorphosis of the transient served as the basis for the delineation of the macroscopic behavior mechanisms of these materials. Results both from a single wave passage and from records involving multiple reflections indicate that some rocks exhibited virtually no change in pulse shape, while attenuation in increasing degree was observed in the volcanic materials with no noticeable alteration in wave profile. On the other hand, pulse propagation in a sandstone revealed a significant change in pulse shape. The artificial composites behave similarly to conventional concrete, with only minor amounts of attenuation and no dispersion of the transient. Static properties of the various specimens were examined both in the unshocked and shocked state, revealing little difference in all but one case, namely diorite; mechanical tests and petrographic examination of such samples showed significant deterioration in the physical characteristics as a consequence of wave passage.
Thermodynamic parameters for dissolved gases.

Abstract In 1958 and subsequently we correlated properties of solutions of gases in liquids by using the “force constants,” e/k, and collision diameters, σ, which serve as parameters in equations for molecular pair potential energy such as that of Lennard-Jones or its variants. Unfortunately, however, the figures for these parameters that have been published are so scattered for the same gas as to make it difficult to select “best” values; in 1967, therefore, I substituted for these indirectly determined molecular parameters the directly and accurately known molal energy of vaporization, ΔEbv, and the molal volume, vb, of the liquefied gas, both at its boiling point. A plot of values of ΔE2v against the most trustworthy values of e/k reveals direct proportionality. The same is true for Vb1/3 versus σ. Recent examples will be shown of excellent linear correlations with these parameters of thermodynamic properties of different gases in the same solvent. It is no less “scientific” and far more practical to regard molecules of a solute as immersed in the potential energy field of its solvent than it is to split this field into imperfectly known pair potentials of questionable additivity and to try to integrate them over an undetermined distribution function.
Eradication of low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization with topical mupirocin.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MKSA) infections have become a major problem in many US hospitals in the last ten years.‘,’ Attempts to solve the problem have been hampered by many factors. One of these factors is the difficulty in eradicating the organism from colonized sites and thereby removing one of the reservoirs of endemicity. Another complicating factor is the lack of consistency in the published literature regarding what constitutes eradication and, therefore, when it is appropriate to discontinue isolation of patients or work restrictions of personnel. Even the decisions regarding when and how often to culture personnel remain difficult to define.” Finally, although the Australian experience illustrated an environmental component to an MRSA outbreak, the role of the environment in MRSA infections remains unclear. The following report describes the measures utilized to eradicate low-level MRSA skin colonization in a long-term psychiatric patient and illustrates several problems of-long-term MRSA carriage in institutionalized patients.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel(II) Bis(alkylthio)salen Complexes

NiX2(2-RSC6H4CHNCH2CH2NCHC6H4SR-2) (NiX2L; L = 5) (1a, X = Br, R = C6H13; 1b, X = Cl, R = C12H25) and NiX2(2-C6H13SC6H4CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C6H4SC6H13-2) (NiX2L; L = 6) (2a, X = Br; 2b, X = Cl; 2c, X = OClO3) were prepared from ligands 5 and 6, respectively. The 1:2 metal−ligand complex Ni(OClO3)2(2-RSC6H4CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C6H4SR-2)2 3, was obtained from an EtOH solution of 2c. The characterization of paramagnetic 1−3 included single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1a and 3. Complex 2c converted into 3 in the presence of excess ligand 6 in CHCl3.
Video-Assisted Cardiac Surgery in Closure of Atrial Septal Defect

Background Video-assisted endoscopy has been applied in the management of a variety of intrathoracic vascular lesions. Here we report its use in the correction of intracardiac congenital defects. Methods Eight patients (3 male and 5 female) underwent operation for closure of an atrial septal defect. The patients ranged in age from 2.0 to 60.9 years (mean, 19.2±19.0 years). The patients weighed 11 to 66kg (mean, 41.3±23.5kg). The ratio of pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 (mean, 3.4±1.3). The mean pulmonary artery pressure was 19.7±4.0mm Hg (range, 13 to 24mm Hg). The operations were performed through a right anterior minithoracotomy and guided by video-assisted endoscopic techniques under femorofemoral or femoral-right atrial extracorporeal circulation. The aorta was not cross-clamped, and the myocardium was protected by continuous coronary perfusion with hypothermic fibrillatory arrest (rectal temperature, 22.0°±2.0°C). Transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring was maintained during the operations. The right atrium was entered after pericardiotomy. Primary closure of the defect was performed successfully in all patients. Conventional nondisposable instruments were used for dissection, grasping, suturing, and hemostasis. Results The durations of extracorporeal circulation and operation ranged from 47 to 126 minutes (mean, 80±31 minutes) and from 2.2 to 4.5 hours (mean, 3.1±0.8), respectively. All patients recovered from the operation rapidly with an uneventful postoperative course. Conclusions Our experience demonstrates that video-assisted cardiac surgery is technically feasible and can be used with excellent results for the repair of congenital heart defects in general.
Monte Carlo simulations of Rb 2 Mn F 4 : A classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet in two dimensions with dipolar interaction

We study the phase diagram of a quasi-two-dimensional magnetic system ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{2}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ with Monte Carlo simulations of a classical Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian which includes the dipolar interactions between ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ spins. Our simulations reveal an Ising-like antiferromagnetic phase at low magnetic fields and an $XY$ phase at high magnetic fields. The boundary between Ising and $XY$ phases is analyzed with a recently proposed finite-size scaling technique and found to be consistent with a bicritical point at $T=0$. We discuss the computational techniques used to handle the weak dipolar interaction and the difference between our phase diagram and the experimental results.
Infant day care, parent‐child attachment, and developmental risk: A reply to caruso

In his paper, Caruso argues that discussing early entrance into infant day care as a risk factor for later development is neither justified based on the current body of available research nor useful in directing future investigations. He suggests we should return to the use of associational terminology in reporting on infant day care. This paper addresses Caruso's interpretation of a risk factor conceptualization and suggests an alternative theoretical model within which to view the connections between early day care attendance, mother-child attachment, and subsequent developmental problems. One major factor influencing the debate about risk status and infant day care is the significance different researchers attribute to outcomes of insecure attachment. This reply contends that the developmental consequences of early insecurity may be more detrimental to overall Actaptation than Caruso suggests. Further, whereas limiting the reading of research results to purely associational findings may lead to less ideological controversy, it may not be the best strategy for generating hypotheses regarding the interactive roles that varying early ecological environments and parent-child relationship patterns may have on child development.
Crystallographic structure of δ-TiN films prepared by photon and ion beam assisted deposition

Abstract A newly developed facility for photon and ion beam assisted deposition was built and successfully tested for simultaneous deposition, ion bombardment and UV-light irradiation of thin films in a defined gas environment. This system was used to produce thin films of the cubic δ-TiN phase on Si(001) by the deposition of titanium in a nitrogen gas atmosphere and irradiation by Ar + ions. The effect of an additional UV-light irradiation during TiN deposition with and without ion bombardment was studied by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements using synchrotron radiation. The results demonstrate that the UV-light irradiation during deposition without ion bombardment leads to stronger {111} oriented TiN films and the ion assisted deposition with simultaneous UV-light irradiation results in a distinct emphasis of the [001] orientation of the TiN crystallites. The irradiation with UV-light increases drastically the preferential alignment of the titanium nitride crystallites. As an important consequence, photon irradiation in combination with the well known ion beam assisted deposition is expected to have an advantageous influence on the structure of thin films.
Off-premise alcohol outlet characteristics and violence

AbstractBackground: There is considerable evidence of an association between alcohol outlet density and violence. Although prior research reveals the importance of specific characteristics of bars on this association and that the relationship between bar density and violence may be moderated by these characteristics, there are few similar studies of the characteristics of off-premise outlets (e.g. liquor and convenience stores). Objectives: We examined whether immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics of off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with simple and aggravated assault density. Methods: Cross-sectional design using aggregate data from 65 census block groups in a non-metropolitan college town, systematic social observation, and spatial modeling techniques. Results: We found limited effects of immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics on simple assault density and no effect on aggravated assault density. Only two out of 17 chara...
Metabolic flux balance analysis and the in silico analysis of Escherichia coli K-12 gene deletions

Genome sequencing and bioinformatics are producing detailed lists of the molecular components contained in many prokaryotic organisms. From this 'parts catalogue' of a microbial cell, in silico representations of integrated metabolic functions can be constructed and analyzed using flux balance analysis (FBA). FBA is particularly well-suited to study metabolic networks based on genomic, biochemical, and strain specific information. Herein, we have utilized FBA to interpret and analyze the metabolic capabilities of Escherichia coli. We have computationally mapped the metabolic capabilities of E. coli using FBA and examined the optimal utilization of the E. coli metabolic pathways as a function of environmental variables. We have used an in silico analysis to identify seven gene products of central metabolism (glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, electron transport system) essential for aerobic growth of E. coli on glucose minimal media, and 15 gene products essential for anaerobic growth on glucose minimal media. The in silico tpi-, zwf, and pta- mutant strains were examined in more detail by mapping the capabilities of these in silico isogenic strains. We found that computational models of E. coli metabolism based on physicochemical constraints can be used to interpret mutant behavior. These in silica results lead to a further understanding of the complex genotype-phenotype relation. Supplementary information: http://gcrg.ucsd.edu/supplementary_data/DeletionAnalysis/main.htm
NMR Imaging in Biomedicine

The first successful nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in bulk matter were carried out by Bloch and his collaborators at Stanford and by Purcell and his collaborators at Harvard, and were published in 1946. In the 38 yr since those first papers, NMR techniques have been widely applied in many areas of physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and biology. These applications are based almost entirely on the fact that the quantized energy levels available in a magnetic field to a nucleus with spin angular momentum and a magnetic moment are separated by an energy that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field at the nucleus. This field is always slightly different from an applied extermal magnetic field because of perturbations by the nearby electrons and magnetic nuclei and by local and long-range magnetic susceptibility effects. These small differences result in shifts in the resonance frequency. Also, the fluctuations in the magnetic field at the nucleus caused by its motions and those of nearby nuclei and impaired electrons determine the transition rates between the nuclear Zeeman energy levels and the rates at which phase coherence of the detectable component of the nuclear magnetization are lost. Such changes in the relaxation times are useful because of their sensitivities to molecular motions and local environments.
Chronic pain in a biracial population of young women

Abstract This study investigated dimensions of chronic pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in a census tract sampling of African-American and Caucasian young women enrolled (from racially congruent households) at ages 9–10 in the longitudinal multicenter National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Growth and Health Study (NGHS). The present study, which examined participants at the California clinical NGHS center when they were 19–23 years old, investigates five commonly reported chronic pains: back, head, face/jaw, abdomen, and chest. Chronic pain grade (CPG) status based on pain self-reports (frequency, duration, severity, and interference with usual activities) is reported for each of the five pain sites. Results show that chronic pain is common in this population of young women, although based on the CPG severity scores, only a small percentage is dysfunctional. Racial differences were not found for back, head, abdomen or chest pains. However, significant racial differences were found regarding facial pain and symptoms related to TMDs above and beyond socioeconomic status (SES) (lifetime prevalence: adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.14 and 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40–3.31; 6 month period prevalence: aOR=2.03 and 95% CI=1.16–3.64). Not only were facial pain and jaw symptoms reported more frequently by Caucasians compared to African-Americans controlling for SES, but they were also reported to have an earlier onset.
Optimal Power Flow Using an Extended Conic Quadratic Formulation

Recent research has shown that the load flow equations describing the steady-state conditions in a meshed network can be placed in extended conic quadratic (ECQ) format. This paper presents a study of the implementation of the new load flow equations format in an optimal power flow (OPF) program which accounts for control devices such as tap-changing transformers, phase-shifting transformers, and unified power flow controllers. The proposed OPF representation retains the advantages of the ECQ format: 1) it can be easily integrated within optimization routines that require the evaluation of second-order derivatives, 2) it can be efficiently solved for using primal-dual interior-point methods, and 3) it can make use of linear programming scaling techniques for improving numerical conditioning. The ECQ-OPF program is employed to solve the economic dispatch and active power loss minimization problems. Numerical testing is used to validate the proposed approach by comparing against solution methods and results of standard test systems.
Engineering lymph node homing of ex vivo–expanded human natural killer cells via trogocytosis of the chemokine receptor CCR7

Natural killer (NK) cells have gained significant attention in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. Consequently, novel methods of clinical-grade expansion of NK cells have emerged. Subsets of NK cells express a variety of chemokine receptors. However, to expand the scope of adoptively transferred NK cell homing to various malignancies, expression of corresponding chemokine receptors on NK cells is essential. Here, we have explored the use of trogocytosis as a tool to transiently express the chemokine receptor CCR7 on expanded human NK cells with the aim to enhance their homing to lymph nodes. We generated a K562-based “donor” cell line expressing CCR7, Clone9.CCR7, to transfer CCR7 onto NK cells via trogocytosis. CCR7 expression occurred in 80% of expanded NK cells within 1 hour after coculture with Clone9.CCR7. After removal of the donor cells from the coculture, the CCR7 expression on NK cells steadily declined to baseline levels by 72 hours. The acquired CCR7 receptors mediated in vitro migration of NK cells toward CCL19 and CCL21 and increased the lymph node homing by 144% in athymic nude mice. This is the first report on exploiting trogocytosis to rapidly and transiently modify lymphocytes, without direct genetic interven-tion, for adoptive transfer.
Revising the Politicized Landscape Nowa Huta, 1949‐1957

Using New Theories of state-society relations under Communism, this article focuses on changes made to Nowa Huta's street and settlement names in 1957 as a result of de-Stalinization, and on opinions expressed by town residents in anticipation of these changes in a public opinion survey. These events may be viewed as a dialogue between rulers and ruled, in which toponymy serves as a symbolic medium for the projection of conflicting visions of Poland's past and future. [Poland, Nowa Huta, place names, new towns, public opinion]
An evaluation of a glass ionomer luting agent: pulpal histological response

Reports of sensitivity and even pulpal death after crown cementation with glass ionomer luting agents have raised concern that these materials, when used as luting agents, may cause pulpal inflammation. Responses o f these agents were measured in this study. Pulpal histological response after crown cementation with a glass ionomer luting agent was evaluated and compared with the response to a polycarboxylate cement or a varnish plus zinc phosphate cement. Pulpal histological response was evaluated on teeth that had full crowns cemented with the test luting agents 3, 10, and 56 days after cementation. No statistically significant differences were found in pulpal histological response between the materials tested during all periods. These findings suggest that factors other than pulpal inflammation are contributing to the reported hypersensitivity after cementation associated with glass ionomer luting agents.
The Ups and Downs of Translation-Dependent Plasticity

Neuroscientists have been looking for good examples linking neuronal activity to gene expression/regulation involved in synaptic plasticity and the formation of long-term memories. New findings from Park et al. and Waung et al. in this issue of Neuron show that fast dendritic translation of the immediate-early gene Arc/Arg3.1 is involved in hippocampal mGluR-LTD, a protein synthesis-dependent form of plasticity.
Time distribution analysis for binary search of a linked list

The aim of this article is to determine the probability distribution of sorting time for different sized linked lists utilizing binary search method and its comparison with results for sequential and binary tree search methods. In [1] the concept of binary search as applicable to linked lists has been discussed and compared with sequential search and (binary) tree search algorithms. Applying regression analysis, specific equations giving search times as a function of list size are determined. Regression analysis is also used to estimate the average performance of the binary search method in sorting linked lists.
Anxiety-like behaviors produced by acute fluoxetine administration in male Fischer 344 rats are prevented by prior exercise

Rationale Although selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can reduce anxiety after chronic treatment, acute SSRI administration is associated with an increase in anxiety consistent with an acute increase in 5-HT neurotransmission. Exercise is anxiolytic in humans, and wheel running prevents anxiety-like behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress in rats, but the effects of exercise on acute fluoxetine-induced anxiety-like behaviors are unknown.
Present and Emerging Techniques for Materials Microanalysis

Although classical materials characterization methods have existed for many years, modern microanalytical techniques had their start just over twenty years ago. In this paper, I will discuss some of the common techniques available today including AES, XPS, or ESCA, RBS, SIMS, and EDAX. A comparison of the key capabilities and limitations will be given including sensitivity, spatial resolution, quantitative analysis, nondestructive testing, chemical state determination, and analysis speed. It is clear that the reason each of these techniques still exists as commercial instrumentation is that each provides a unique set of capabilities, but also a unique set of limitations. To become viable in the materials analysis arena, a new technique must offer a significant extension of the capabilities already available but not at the cost of too severe a set of limitations. Examples would be the development of tools that offer both high sensitivity with accurate quantitative analysis, or good spatial resolution with high sensitivity, or minimal damage but good spatial resolution, etc. A number of papers in this volume will describe the details of these emerging technologies which provide advances in these areas; and I will attempt here to put a number of these new developments in perspective with regard to the more commonplace techniques available.
Dynamic Stability Analysis of a Two-Link Force-Controlled Flexible Manipulator

This study investigates the effect of link flexibility on the dynamic stability of a two-link force-controlled robot manipulator. The nonlinear open-loop equations for the compliant motion are derived first. By employing the hybrid force/position control law, the closed-loop dynamic equations are then explicitly derived. The nonlinear closed-loop equations are linearized about some equilibrium configurations. Stability analyses are carried out by computing the eigenvalues of the linearized system equations. Results are verified by the numerical simulations using the complete nonlinear dynamic equations. The effect of the wrist force sensor stiffness on the dynamic stability is also investigated. Results show that the link flexibility is indeed an important source of dynamic instability in the motion of force-controlled manipulators. Moreover, the system stability is dominated by the effect of the distributed flexibility of the first link.
Racial differences in susceptibility to tuberculosis: risk of disease after infection.

Abstract It is generally believed that certain racial groups are highly susceptible to tuberculosis disease while others have developed a “natural resistance.” Epidemiological studies reporting differences in case rates among different racial groups, provide inconclusive evidence. Many factors influence the development of active tuberculosis including sex, age, body weight, and virulence of the infecting organism. These, as well as other factors, may be more important determinants which, up to now, have been confused with race.
The γ- ρO coupling constant, compton scattering, and total hadronic γ-p cross sections

A Vector Dominance Model relation, free of interference terms, has been tested to discriminate for values of the γϱ coupling constant in favor of γϱ24π = 0.52. The diffractive part of Compton scattering is examined under a ϱ-dominance assumption and compared with ϱO photoproduction, and the behavior of σtot(γp) at high energies is shown.
Analysis of pairwise cell interactions using an integrated dielectrophoretic‐microfluidic system

Blood vessel formation, during either normal vascular reconstruction or pathogenic tumour formation, relies upon highly organized cell–cell interactions. Isolating the function of any particular component of this cell–cell communication is often difficult, given the vast complexity of communication networks in multicellular systems. One way to address this problem is to analyse cell–cell communication on the most elementary scale—cell pairs. Here, we describe an integrated dielectrophoretic (DEP)-microfluidic device allowing for such analysis. Single cancer and endothelial cells (ECs) and cell pairs were patterned using DEP force and cultured within a minimally stressful microfluidic channel network. Controlling both the initial cell positions and extracellular environment, we investigated cell motility in homo- and heterotypic cell pairs under diverse conditions. We found that secreted collagen IV and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor have considerable guidance effect on ECs at the level of two interacting cells. Cell interaction rules extracted from the experiments of cell pairs were used to mathematically predict branching patterns characteristic of developing multicellular blood vessels. This integrative analysis method can be extended to other systems involving complex multicellular interactions.
Psychotherapy as Rhetoric: Some Implications

All psychotherapy patients, whatever their specific complaints, suffer from demoralization engendered by pervasive negative meanings that they assign to aspects of themselves and their experiences. Features common to all psychotherapies seek to transform these meanings to positive ones, with concomitant reduction of suffering and disability.
Efficient test generation for built-in self-test boundary-scan template

An analysis and design of a pseudorandom pattern generator, (PRPG), based on a linear recurrence, for built-in self-test (BIST) boundary scan design is presented. The authors present for the case when r>or=s, a design of an s-stage PRPG capable of producing 2/sup s/-1 distinct r-bit patterns within 2/sup s/-1 clock pulses independent of the hardware realization of the PRPG. For the case when r >
Hyperbolic vortices and some non-self-dual classical solutions of SU(3) gauge theory.

Following a proposal of Burzlaff [Phys.Rev.D 24 (1981) 546], we find solutions of the classical equations of motion of an abelian Higgs model on hyperbolic space, and thereby obtain a series of non-self-dual classical solutions of four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory. The lowest value of the action for these solutions is roughly 3.3 times the standard instanton action.
Effective Capacity and QoS for Wireless Scheduling

Multiuser scheduling in a wireless context, where channel state information is exploited at the base station, can result in significant throughput gains to users. However, when QoS constraints are imposed (in the form of overflow probabilities), the benefits of multiuser scheduling are not clear. In this paper, we address this question for independent and identically distributed ON-OFF channel models, and study a ldquomultiuserrdquo formulation of effective capacity with QoS constraints. We consider a channel-aware greedy rule as well as the channel-aware max-queue rule, and showed that these algorithms that yield the same long-term throughput without QoS constraints have very different performance when QoS constraints are imposed. Next, we study the effective capacity for varying channel burstiness. From results on multiuser scheduling, we expect the long-term throughput to grow with increasing channel burstiness. However, we show that the throughput with QoS constraints decreases with increasing channel burstiness. The intuitive justification for this is that with increasing burstiness, even though the the long-term throughput increases, the channel access delay increases as well resulting in poor QoS performance.
Radiation properties of a pigtail-terminated coaxial transmission line

The method of moments is used to study the shielding effectiveness of a pigtail-terminated shielded wire (coaxial line) above a perfectly conducting ground plane. Numerical computations are performed in the RF frequency range, i.e. 25-1000 MHz. Pigtail wires on either or both ends of the shield are considered. Results are compared to those from the ungrounded case (floating shield). Results show that the presence of pigtail wires as ground connections at RF frequencies is undesirable and may further enhance radiation. The impedance terminations have a small effect on the shielding effectiveness of the antenna structure. >
Algorithm for Intermodal Optimal Multidestination Tour with Dynamic Travel Times

This paper presents an efficient algorithm that finds the intermodal optimal tour (origin to origin) in a time-dependent transportation network while the algorithm implicitly solves the park-and-ride facility choice problem with the inherent park-and-ride constraints for a traveler with a sequence of destinations to visit. To solve the problem, a network expansion technique that captures the constraints of park-and-ride behavior in the model and that transforms the park-and-ride choice problem into a dynamic network flow problem is introduced. An efficient iterative labeling algorithm that finds the optimal intermodal tour to serve the sequence of activities is also introduced. Multisource shortest-path runs are used in the iterative labeling algorithm to find the optimal tour with several intermediate destinations in an efficient manner. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the performance of existing approaches, and improvement is indicated. The solution method proposed benefits from the advantages of Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm, which is made possible by (a) a nontrivial transformation of the original problem into a dynamic network flow problem and (b) an innovative use of a multisource shortest path in the context of origin-destination choice. The solution algorithm integrates time-dependent auto and transit shortest-path algorithms to find the optimal tour. The algorithm is implemented, coded, and tested on a real network, and the results are promising.
Total photoabsorption cross sections of H 2 from 18 to 113 eV

The total photoabsorption cross section of H2 has been measured between 18 and 113 eV with an accuracy of ±2 to ±3%. The published data at higher energies are reviewed, and recommended cross sections are tabulated from 18 to 300 eV.
A space roadmap for the 21/sup st/ century aerospace force

The AFSAB was tasked to examine the evolution of existing air and space forces into an integrated force that best exploits the unique attributes of both media to meet national security objectives in the decades ahead. Aerospace forces will be called upon to provide global, precisely calibrated, near-real time applications of both lethal and nonlethal effects. The emerging vision of US military superiority through information dominance relies heavily on the ability to gather, analyze, disseminate and act upon information more quickly and effectively than an adversary. The study examined a range of alternatives for future space assets and functions based on executing the military tasks likely to be encountered in the emerging global security arena. This paper presents an overview of the study report. Findings and recommendations cover a very wide range of subjects dealing with enhanced capabilities, improved operational efficiency and affordability, and associated programmatic and investment concerns. Among the topics discussed are migration of additional information gathering (sensor) functions to orbit; robust, high capacity connectivity; energy projection; lift systems and launch ranges; system protection; and the ability to analyze and demonstrate the military worth of space. The study concluded that significant new investments are required, but that efficiencies in existing systems and operations are available that would, if exploited, substantially offset the funding requirements.
Area-Efficient Arithmetic Expression Evaluation Using Deeply Pipelined Floating-Point Cores

Recently, it has become possible to implement floating-point cores on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to provide acceleration for the myriad applications that require high-performance floating-point arithmetic. To achieve high clock rates, floating-point cores for FPGAs must be deeply pipelined. This deep pipelining makes it difficult to reuse the same floating-point core for a series of dependent computations. However, floating-point cores use a great deal of area, so it is important to use as few of them in an architecture as possible. In this paper, we describe area-efficient architectures and algorithms for arithmetic expression evaluation. Such expression evaluation is necessary in applications from a wide variety of fields, including scientific computing and cognition. The proposed designs effectively hide the pipeline latency of the floating-point cores and use at most two floating-point cores for each type of operator in the expression. While best-suited for particular classes of expressions, the proposed designs can evaluate general expressions as well. Additionally, multiple expressions can be evaluated without reconfiguration. Experimental results show that the areas of our designs increase linearly with the number of types of operations in the expression and that our designs occupy less area and achieve higher throughput than designs generated by a commercial hardware compiler.
Calorie restriction extends yeast life span by lowering the level of NADH

Calorie restriction (CR) extends life span in a wide variety of species. Previously, we showed that calorie restriction increases the replicative life span in yeast by activating Sir2, a highly conserved NAD-dependent deacetylase. Here we test whether CR activates Sir2 by increasing the NAD/NADH ratio or by regulating the level of nicotinamide, a known inhibitor of Sir2. We show that CR decreases NADH levels, and that NADH is a competitive inhibitor of Sir2. A genetic intervention that specifically decreases NADH levels increases life span, validating the model that NADH regulates yeast longevity in response to CR.