cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and mutational analysis of the immunodominant IgE binding epitopes of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2.

Abstract A major peanut allergen, Ara h 2, is recognized by serum IgE from >90% of patients with peanut hypersensitivity. Biochemical characterization of this allergen indicates that it is a glycoprotein of ∼17.5 kDa. Using N-terminal amino acid sequence data from purified Ara h 2, oligonucleotide primers were synthesized and used to identify a clone (741 bp) from a peanut cDNA library. This clone was capable of encoding a 17.5-kDa protein with homology to the conglutin family of seed storage proteins. The major linear immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes of this allergen were mapped using overlapping peptides synthesized on an activated cellulose membrane and pooled serum IgE from 15 peanut-sensitive patients. Ten IgE-binding epitopes were identified, distributed throughout the length of the Ara h 2 protein. Sixty-three percent of the amino acids represented in the epitopes were either polar uncharged or apolar residues. In an effort to determine which, if any, of the 10 epitopes were recognized by the majority of patients with peanut hypersensitivity, each set of 10 peptides was probed individually with serum IgE from 10 different patients. All of the patient sera tested recognized multiple epitopes. Three epitopes (aa27-36, aa57-66, and aa65-74) were recognized by all patients tested. In addition, these three peptides bound more IgE than all the other epitopes combined, indicating that they are the immunodominant epitopes of the Ara h 2 protein. Mutational analysis of the Ara h 2 epitopes indicate that single amino acid changes result in loss of IgE binding. Two epitopes in region aa57-74 contained the amino acid sequence DPYSP that appears to be necessary for IgE binding. These results may allow for the design of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to peanut hypersensitivity.
Supervising the supervisor: The use of live music and identification of parallel processes

Abstract This article describes a music therapy professor's and PhD student's experiences as “supervisor–supervisee” within the context of the teaching apprenticeship training program at Temple University. A brief overview on the use of live music-making in supervision is offered along with relevant autobiographical information and examples of how live music-making was used to address supervisory issues. The authors identify parallel processes that emerged between the supervisee and her students, and the supervisee and her supervisor. The authors conclude that the practice of live music-making in supervisory contexts is beneficial on many levels. They hope that this publication will expand the ways in which practitioners and supervisors think about the roles of live music and parallel processes within supervisory contexts and that this will translate into supervisory practices.
Examining the impacts of urban biophysical compositions on surface urban heat island: A spectral unmixing and thermal mixing approach

Abstract Land surface temperature (LST) is a central parameter for surface urban heat island (SUHI) studies, in which thermal remote sensing plays a key role. Traditionally, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), percent green vegetation (%GV), and percent impervious surface area (%ISA), have been widely applied to examine the impacts of land cover compositions on SUHI. Urban thermal pattern, however, is a complicated physical phenomenon involving a series of environmental factors, and it is insufficient to employ only one indicator for the explanation of the SUHI phenomenon. Therefore, considering different thermal properties of various land cover compositions, this study proposed a two-step physically based method, the spectral unmixing and thermal mixing (SUTM) model, to examine the impacts of typical land cover compositions on urban thermal pattern. The performance of SUTM was compared with those of linear and non-linear (quadratic) regression models with NDVI, %GV, and %ISA as individual independent variables. Results indicate that SUTM outperforms all regression models, with the lowest root mean square error (2.89 K) and mean absolute error (2.11 K). Moreover, when the accuracy was assessed at five interval levels of percent impervious surface area, it indicates that SUTM performs consistently well in both rural and urban areas. Comparatively, NDVI and %GV-based regression models perform well in rural areas, but poor in urban areas, whereas %ISA-based models perform well in urban areas, but relatively poor in rural areas. This study found that soil, including both moist and dry soil, has significant impacts on modeling SUHI.
Relationship of HIV care engagement to emergency department utilization

To determine if HIV primary care engagement (PCE) is associated with Emergency Department (ED) utilization, a retrospective cohort study using the South Carolina HIV surveillance data from January 1986 to December 2006 linked to the hospital discharge data-set was used to assess utilization at statewide EDs during January 2007–December 2010. Suboptimal PCE was defined as <2 reports of a CD4 + T-cell count or viral load value to surveillance in each calendar year from January 2007 to December 2010. Multivariable logistic regression explored associations of HIV PCE with ED utilization after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and disease stage. Poisson and negative binominal regression examined PCE, sociodemographic characteristics, and disease stage on the frequency of ED utilization. Suboptimal PCE was associated with increased odds of ED utilization for NIR/NRR (no identified risk/no risk reported; aOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 2.25; CI = 1.69–2.99), self-payers (aOR = 1.81; CI = 1.38–2.39), an...
From Willingness to Intention: Experience Moderates the Shift From Reactive to Reasoned Behavior

Three studies compared the predictive validity of three proximal antecedents to risk behavior: behavioral intention (BI), behavioral expectation (BE), and behavioral willingness (BW). In Study 1, BW was the only significant predictor of change in substance use in early adolescence (age 13), whereas only BI was significant in middle adolescence (age 16). In Study 2, BW was a better predictor of change in smoking among young adolescents than was BE, but BE became predominant by middle adolescence. By late adolescence, previous behavior surpassed both BE and BW. When only smoking initiation was examined, BW was a better predictor than was BE. In Study 3, BI, BW, and BE independently predicted class skipping. However, BI was a better predictor for students more experienced with the behavior, whereas BW was superior for less experienced students. The findings provide evidence of a developmental shift from more reactive to more reasoned processing, as experience with the behavior increases.
Circadian Variations in the Occurrence of Cardiac Arrests: Initial and Repeat Episodes

Background —Patterns of temporal variation of cardiac arrests may be important for understanding mechanisms leading to the onset of acute cardiovascular disorders. Previous studies reported diurnal variation of the onset of cardiac arrests, with high incidence in the morning and in the evening, lack of daily variation during the week, and some seasonal variation. The association between the time of day and recurrent cardiac arrests has not been previously examined. Methods and Results —We explored temporal variation in 6603 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests attended by the Seattle Fire Department. The data exhibit diurnal variation, with a low incidence at night and two peaks of approximately the same size (at 8 to 11 am and 4 to 7 pm). The evening peak is attributed primarily to the patients found in ventricular fibrillation, whereas arrests that show other rhythms exhibit mainly a morning peak. Cardiac arrests associated with survival have more pronounced diurnal variation than episodes in which survival did not occur. This difference persists after adjustment for rhythm. For 597 patients who had at least two separate cardiac arrests, we found no overall association between the times of day of the recurrent arrests. For women, however, the times of day of the first and second arrests were closer to each other than one would expect if the times were entirely unrelated. Conclusions —Cardiac arrests do not occur randomly during the day, but rather follow certain periodic patterns. These patterns are probably associated with patterns of daily activities. The hypothesis that cardiac arrests are triggered by a person’s activity rather than by some underlying characteristics of his or her disease is supported by the lack of association between the times of the first and second arrests in the patients with recurrent arrests.
Decomposition of harmonic and jet contributions to particle-pair correlations at ultrarelativistic energies

Methodology is presented for analysis of two-particle azimuthal angle correlation functions obtained in collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. We show that harmonic and di-jet contributions to these correlation functions can be reliably decomposed by two techniques to give an accurate measurement of the jet-pair distribution. Results from detailed Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques in the study of possible modifications to jet topologies in heavy ion reactions.
The effect of arginine vasopressin on water and sodium balance in the urodele amphibian aneides lugubris

Abstract The effects of arginine vasopressin on the water balance and sodium exchange were examined in the urodele amphibian Aneides lugubris . These salamanders showed increased water retention after injections of arginine vasopressin. This response was characterized by a hydroosmotic effect across the bladder, and apparently the skin. Salt-loaded and dehydrated animals showed increased cutaneous water uptake. There was antidiuresis after arginine vasopressin treatment. There were natriferic skin responses after arginine vasopressin treatment but no change in the amount of sodium excreted.
Effectiveness of media strategies to increase enrollment and diversity in the Women's Health Registry.

Low recruitment rates of women into clinical trials are attributed to logistical challenges such as raising awareness of trials, creating lay-friendly information about trial participation, and connecting willing participants with investigators. In response to these challenges, the University of Michigan Health System's National Center of Excellence in Women's Health and Center for Clinical Investigation and Therapeutics created the Women's Health Registry to enroll women into a searchable database that allows identification and prescreening of women interested in research participation. Institutional review board–approved investigators submit study details, including eligibility criteria, and the registry team generates contact information for prescreened women who have consented to be contacted by investigators. Although systems designed elsewhere assist investigators in identifying eligible patients for specific trials,1,2 the registry takes a broader approach by storing contact and health history information for women interested in being prescreened and contacted for participation in projects whenever they meet criteria. In a pilot of the database (June 2000–January 2001), 654 women completed a multipage questionnaire capturing demographic and personal health information. Word-of-mouth and on-site publicity was used to inform women of the project, in addition to a 2-week print and radio campaign in local communities (within 30 miles) that surround the University of Michigan. Predictably, the pilot campaign disproportionately enrolled participants who were White (92%), had higher education or advanced degrees (86%), and had health insurance (93%).
Composition of dust deposited to snow cover in the Wasatch Range (Utah, USA): Controls on radiative properties of snow cover and comparison to some dust-source sediments

Abstract Dust layers deposited to snow cover of the Wasatch Range (northern Utah) in 2009 and 2010 provide rare samples to determine the relations between their compositions and radiative properties. These studies are required to comprehend and model how such dust-on-snow (DOS) layers affect rates of snow melt through changes in the albedo of snow surfaces. We evaluated several constituents as potential contributors to the absorption of solar radiation indicated by values of absolute reflectance determined from bi-conical reflectance spectroscopy. Ferric oxide minerals and carbonaceous matter appear to be the primary influences on lowering snow-cover albedo. Techniques of reflectance and Mossbauer spectroscopy as well as rock magnetism provide information about the types, amounts, and grain sizes of ferric oxide minerals. Relatively high amounts of ferric oxide, indicated by hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM), are associated with relatively low average reflectance (
Herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase null mutants induce lesions in guinea pigs.

Abstract Two herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase null mutants, hrR3 and ICP6Δ, produced cutaneous lesions in guinea pigs as severe as those of wild-type strains. The lesions induced by hrR3 resulted from in vivo replication of the mutant virus, suggesting that this virus-encoded enzyme is nonessential for virus replication in guinea pigs.
Infection of the Eastern Subterranean Termite,Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) with the fungusBeauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuill.

Observations were made on the histopathology of the eastern subterranean termite,Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) infected with the fungusBeauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill. Initial symptoms of infected termites were sluggishness, anal discharge, passivity, and failure to respond to tactile stimuli. Infected fifth instar worker termites changed from a healthy creamy color to a light brown. Penetration of the integument by germ tubes ofB. bassiana occurred as early as 16 hours after inoculation. Infection through the digestive tract also resulted. Following penetration of the integument the fungus attacked the fat body, then the nervous tissue and finally the musculature.
Classical theory of spin-wave dispersion for ferromagnetic metals

The properties of the four spin-wave dispersion branches for a planar ferromagnetic metal with TEM microwave excitation at normal incidence have been examined to derive physical insight into (a) their dependence on material parameters and orientation, (b) the interaction between branches, and (c) the polarization character associated with the related ecxitations. The Larmor electromagnetic and spin-wave branches are found to exhibit a peculiar crossover effect at a critical damping value (α ∼ 0·014 for permalloy). The polarizations vary from circular for the static field normal to the surface to elliptical for an in-plane static field. For the in-plane case, the major polarization axes are parallel and perpendicular to the surface for the Larmor and antilarmor branches, respectively. The well known Ament-Rado and Vittoria formulations have also been modified to include the effect of exchange in the damping term of the Landau-Liftshitz equation. The secular determinant is simplified considerably and the form of the dispersion equations is changed significantly. The only large effect on the branches themselves is to increase the attenuating component of the propagation parameterk for large ¦k¦.
A Study of An Alternative School for Pregnant and/or Parenting Teens: Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

In response to multiple problems faced by pregnant and parenting teens, many alternative school-based comprehensive programs have been established throughout the United States. By collecting data from a sample of enrollees of such a school-based comprehensive program and comparing them with data collected from a sample of non-enrollees, the present study systematically evaluates the program. The results of the study seem to suggest that the program participants were more likely to have higher educational aspiration, better reproductive health outcomes, higher contraceptive use, and more breast-feeding practice and intention than those of their non-participating counterparts. The implications of the study findings for comprehensive school-based program for pregnant and/or parenting teens are discussed.
Human embryoid body-derived stem cells in bladder regeneration using rodent model.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the capability of a human embryonic germ (hEG) cell-derived cell line (SDEC), previously characterized in our laboratory, seeded on porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) to regenerate the injured rat bladder. Methods Fluorescent-labeled SDEC cells seeded on SIS for 8 days in vitro were used as bladder grafts in rats. A total of 30 congenitally athymic rats (six groups of 5 rats each), underwent partial cystectomy and replacement with plain SIS (groups 1 to 3) or cell-seeded SIS (groups 4 to 6). The rats were sacrificed after 7 (groups 1 and 4), 14 (groups 2 and 5), and 28 (groups 3 and 6) days. The bladders were analyzed by histopathologic examination and fluorescence microscopy. Results No graft rejection or diminution in bladder capacity occurred. Plain SIS implants had multiple calcareous deposits, not seen with the cell-seeded implants. Macroscopically, at 7 days, the grafts were healed with a cellular lining on the luminal aspect in groups 4 to 6. Microscopically, the rat bladder was completely regenerated 28 days after stem cell-seeded SIS implantation. Labeled stem cells were identified throughout the graft and contributed significantly to bladder regeneration. Conclusions The results of this study have demonstrated the successful replacement of a bladder defect in a rat model using hEG cell-derived cells seeded on SIS grafts. Longer term analysis of these bladder grafts will allow evaluation of function, cell migration, and differentiation processes of human stem cells.
Optimization of pulsed microwave heating

A simulation model was used to optimize pulsed microwave heating of precooked mashed potato cylinders of 82.7% moisture content. The experimental variables were: (1) sample radius: 2.4, 2.8 and 3.2 cm (or 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 times the penetration depth of microwave radiation), (2) temperature rise during microwave power-on constraint (DTon): 20 and 15 � C, (3) temperature drop during microwave power-off constraint (DTd): 5 and 3 � C lower than DTon, (4) total processing time (<1000 s) and (5) average sample temperature (60 � C). The evaluation showed that the 2.4–2.8-cm radius samples were heated uniformly and efficiently. The DTon constraint is very critical for optimum pulsed microwave heating; DTon =2 0� C was a better choice than DTon =1 5� C. DTd constraint affects the total processing time for a large sample more significantly than for a small sample. The total processing time depends on DTon, DTd, and sample radius. In the case of 2.4-cm radius samples (1.5 times the penetration depth) with DTon(DTd) = 20(3) � C constraint, the pulsed microwave energy can heat the mashed potato sample to an average temperature of 60 � C in 336 s. This was the most efficient process among all evaluated conditions with respect to total processing time. � 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Short-term effect of eggs on satiety in overweight and obese subjects.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that among overweight and obese participants, a breakfast consisting of eggs, in comparison to an isocaloric equal-weight bagel-based breakfast, would induce greater satiety, reduce perceived cravings, and reduce subsequent short-term energy intake.Subjects: Thirty women with BMI’s of at least 25 kg/M2 between the ages of 25 to 60 y were recruited to participate in a randomized crossover design study in an outpatient clinic setting.Design: Following an overnight fast, subjects consumed either an egg or bagel-based breakfast followed by lunch 3.5 h later, in random order two weeks apart. Food intake was weighed at breakfast and lunch and recorded via dietary recall up to 36 h post breakfast. Satiety was assessed using the Fullness Questionnaire and the State-Trait Food Cravings Questionnaire, state version.Results: During the pre-lunch period, participants had greater feelings of satiety after the egg breakfast, and consumed significantly less energy (kJ; 2405.6 ± 550.0 vs...
Prospects for gene therapy.

Experiments in animal models and hwnan cells in vitro suggest that gene transfer using retroviral vectors may be useful to treat genetic diseases and to gain information that may improve treatment of other common diseases such as cancer. The approach to treatment of genetic diseases fry inserting genes into bone marrow cells and experimental models, and a novel application of gene transfer technology to cancer research are discussed herein.
The First Cretaceous Sclerogibbid Wasp (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae)

The first record of a fossil sclerogibbid wasp (Aculeata: Chrysidoidea) is reported. Sclerogibbodes embioleia, new genus and species, is described from a female preserved in Early Cretaceous (Neocomian) amber from Lebanon. The genus is sister to all other members of the Sclerogibbidae and is therefore placed in a monogeneric subfamily, Sclerogibbodinae, new subfamily. Sclerogibbids are obligate parasitoids of webspinners (order Embiodea 5 Embiidina, Embioptera), and thus the recovery of this lineage from Lebanese amber implies that webspinners were perhaps also present in the paleofauna.
Surviving Relationship Threats: The Role of Emotional Capital

In this article, a Theory of Emotional Capital is investigated, which stipulates that relationships are able to withstand threats when partners have built "emotional capital" within the relationship (by contributing to positive, shared experiences). Support for this idea was obtained in two studies using two samples (newlywed couples and more established married couples) and two methodologies (daily diary and observational methods). Both studies showed that individuals with high emotional capital were less reactive to relationship threats than those with low emotional capital. The importance of emotional capital for healthy and stable relationships is discussed.
SDSS J14584479+3720215: a Benchmark JHKS Blazar Light Curve from the 2Mass Calibration Scans

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are well-known to exhibit flux variability across a wide range of wavelength regimes, but the precise origin of the variability at different wavelengths remains unclear. To investigate the relatively unexplored near-IR (NIR) variability of the most luminous AGNs, we conduct a search for variability using well sampled JHK_s-band light curves from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) calibration fields. Our sample includes 27 known quasars with an average of 924 epochs of observation over three years, as well as one spectroscopically confirmed blazar (SDSS J14584479+3720215) with 1972 epochs of data. This is the best-sampled NIR photometric blazar light curve to date, and it exhibits correlated, stochastic variability that we characterize with continuous auto-regressive moving average (CARMA) models. None of the other 26 known quasars had detectable variability in the 2MASS bands above the photometric uncertainty. A blind search of the 2MASS calibration field light curves for active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates based on fitting CARMA(1,0) models (damped-random walk) uncovered only seven candidates. All seven were young stellar objects within the ρ Ophiuchus star forming region, five with previous X-ray detections. A significant γ-ray detection (5σ) for the known blazar using 4.5 yr of Fermi photon data is also found. We suggest that strong NIR variability of blazars, such as seen for SDSS J14584479+3720215, can be used as an efficient method of identifying previously unidentified γ-ray blazars, with low contamination from other AGNs.
Microbes in nature are limited by carbon and energy: the starving-survival lifestyle in soil and consequences for estimating microbial rates.

Understanding microbial transformations in soils is important for predicting future carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. This review questions some methods of assessing one key microbial process, the uptake of labile organic compounds. First, soil microbes have a starving-survival life style of dormancy, arrested activity, and low activity. Yet they are very abundant and remain poised to completely take up all substrates that become available. As a result, dilution assays with the addition of labeled substrates cannot be used. When labeled substrates are transformed into 14CO2, the first part of the biphasic release follows metabolic rules and is not affected by the environment. As a consequence, when identical amounts of isotopically substrates are added to soils from different climate zones, the same percentage of the substrate is respired and the same half-life of the respired 14CO2 from the labeled substrate is estimated. Second, when soils are sampled by a variety of methods from taking 10 cm diameter cores to millimeter-scale dialysis chambers, amino acids (and other organic compounds) appear to be released by the severing of fine roots and mycorrhizal networks as well as from pressing or centrifuging treatments. As a result of disturbance as well as of natural root release, concentrations of individual amino acids of ~10 µM are measured. This contrasts with concentrations of a few nM found in aquatic systems and raises questions about possible differences in the bacterial strategy between aquatic and soil ecosystems. The small size of the hyphae (2-10 μm diameter) and of the fine roots (0.2 to 2 mm diameter), make it very difficult to sample any volume of soil without introducing artifacts. Third, when micromolar amounts of labeled amino acids are added to soil, some of the isotope enters plant roots. This may be an artifact of the high µM concentrations applied.
Benzodiazepine treatment of anxiety or insomnia in substance abuse patients.

(2000). Benzodiazepine Treatment of Anxiety or Insomnia in Substance Abuse Patients. American Journal on Addictions: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 276-284.
Integrating respiratory gating into a megavoltage cone-beam CT system.

We have previously described a low-dose megavoltage cone beam computed tomography (MV CBCT) system capable of producing projection image using one beam pulse. In this study, we report on its integration with respiratory gating for gated radiotherapy. The respiratory gating system tracks a reflective marker on the patient's abdomen midway between the xiphoid and umbilicus, and disables radiation delivery when the marker position is outside predefined thresholds. We investigate two strategies for acquiring gated scans. In the continuous rotation-gated acquisition, the linear accelerator(LINAC) is set to the fixed x-ray mode and the gantry makes a 5 min , 360 ° continuous rotation, during which the gating system turns the radiation beam on and off, resulting in projection images with an uneven distribution of projection angles (e.g., in 70 arcs each covering 2 ° ). In the gated rotation-continuous acquisition, the LINAC is set to the dynamic arc mode, which suspends the gantry rotation when the gating system inhibits the beam, leading to a slightly longer ( 6 – 7 min ) scan time, but yielding projection images with more evenly distributed projection angles (e.g., ∼ 0.8 ° between two consecutive projection angles). We have tested both data acquisition schemes on stationary (a contrast detail and a thoracic) phantoms and protocol lung patients. For stationary phantoms, a separate motion phantom not visible in the images is used to trigger the RPM system. Frame rate is adjusted so that approximately 450 images (13 MU) are acquired for each scan and three-dimensional tomographic imagesreconstructed using a Feldkamp filtered backprojection algorithm. The gated rotation-continuous acquisition yield reconstructions free of breathing artifacts. The tumor in parenchymal lung and normal tissues are easily discernible and the boundary between the diaphragm and the lung sharply defined. Contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) is not degraded relative to nongated scans of stationary phantoms. The continuous rotation-gated acquisition scan also yields tomographic images with discernible anatomic features; however, streak artifacts are observed and CNR is reduced by approximately a factor of 4. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a gated MV CBCT system to verify the patient positioning for gated radiotherapy.
Man in the Mirror

In his comment, Hodgson reiterates his theory (2010) that emergent qualities of the Middle–Late Pleistocene archeological record associated with Homo sapiens—wide behavioral variability, behavioral complexity, and symbolic behavior— might reflect the interaction between mirror neurons and increasing population densities. These larger populations would have led to richer and more complex patterns of social interactions, creating the “ratchet effect” of increasing behavioral complexity. Variants of this “more people p behavioral complexity” theory have been gaining adherents lately (Powell, Shennan, and Thomas 2009), and it is nice to see a specific physical mechanism invoked in its service. Hodgson situates the roots of this neurocognitive and social-demographic interaction before the first appearance date of H. sapiens, ca. 200,000 BP, suggesting that this relationship may be present in multiple hominin lineages. What may be unique about H. sapiens, then, is not the existence of relationship between mirror neurons, population density, and behavioral complexity but rather some particular pattern in the ways these entities interact with one another. This is more or less along the lines I argued in an earlier article (Shea 2011). One likes to have one’s own views supported; but this is precisely when a scientist has to be on guard. One reason for caution is that archaeology has no higherorder theories about human cognition of its own. Much of what passes for such theories are models borrowed wholesale from other fields and wiggle-matched to extant archaeological evidence. Memetics, dual-inheritance theory, the FOXP2 “language gene,” integrated versus domain-specific intelligence, and enhanced working memory have all had their early exponents and their moments of popularity among archaeologists, until the caveats and cautionary notes from the field from which they were cherry-picked caught up with them and their popularity declined. Much of the archaeological evidence we already have about prehistoric human behavior is so malleable that it can be twisted to accommodate pretty much any model of prehistoric cognition. This process lends a “flavor of the month” character to archaeological debate about the evolution of human cognition. This is a pity, because archaeology has unique potential to actually test theories about this subject. I cannot predict whether this will be the
Learning to Simplify Sentences Using Wikipedia

In this paper we examine the sentence simplification problem as an English-to-English translation problem, utilizing a corpus of 137K aligned sentence pairs extracted by aligning English Wikipedia and Simple English Wikipedia. This data set contains the full range of transformation operations including rewording, reordering, insertion and deletion. We introduce a new translation model for text simplification that extends a phrase-based machine translation approach to include phrasal deletion. Evaluated based on three metrics that compare against a human reference (BLEU, word-F1 and SSA) our new approach performs significantly better than two text compression techniques (including T3) and the phrase-based translation system without deletion.
Refractive error distribution and incidence among U.S. Army aviators

Spectacle incompatibility has been a major problem in the fielding of advanced Army avionic and electro-optical systems. As a result, routine contact lens wear may be instituted as an option to spectacles. Refractive error data were extracted from the Aviation Epidemiological Data Registry, a computer-accessible repository of flight physical medical information on the entire Army aviation population. Refractive error distribution patterns in the class 1 and class 2 flight physical populations were analyzed in order to provide a contact lens supply reference database, estimate the annual incidence of refractive error development, and estimate costs of possible spectacle-wearer flight-duty deselection. Contact lens wear appears to be a more cost-effective alternative than deselection. Language: en
Point-of-Care Ultrasound to Evaluate a Teenager with Presyncope

A 16-year-old male presented with three months of palpitations at rest, fatigue, and episodic pre-syncope; his paternal grandfather died following presumed premature myocardial infarction at age 30. He was seen and discharged one week previously at an outside emergency department (ED). He followed up with his pediatrician and was promptly referred to our pediatric ED for evaluation given his risk factors. Pertinent vitals on arrival were pulse 110, blood pressure 129/66, and oxygen saturation 97% on room air. His exam was remarkable for a left upper sternal border 2/6 holosystolic murmur with radiation to apex. In addition, the patient had a chest radiograph (Figure), a nonspecific but abnormal EKG, and a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the heart performed. Figure Chest radiograph showing enlarged cardiomediastinal silhouette with narrow vascular pedicle. POCUS (Video) suggested hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); this was confirmed by comprehensive echocardiogram that showed 4.7cm septal hypertrophy with intraventricular obstruction. Patient was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit; during admission non-sustained runs of ventricular tachycardia were recorded. A pacemaker was placed before he was discharged on metoprolol and aspirin. Video Point-of-care ultrasound, cardiac views. HCM has a prevalence of 1 in 500 and should be suspected with septal thickness ≥15mm or with other left ventricular or apical hypertrophy.1,2 If performed, M-mode imaging may demonstrate systolic anterior mitral valve motion, which is specific for HCM. Our patient’s diagnosis was not immediately apparent. Performance of POCUS helped confirm the diagnosis, risk-stratify the patient rapidly, and obtain timely consultation and disposition.
EG-07CELL CYCLE SIGNATURE AND TUMOR PHYLOGENY ARE ENCODED IN THE EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF DNA METHYLATION IN GLIOMA

The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations can be reconstructed from patterns of genetic alterations. In contrast, tumor epigenetic states, including DNA methylation, are reversible and sensitive to the tumor microenvironment, presumably precluding the use of epigenetics to discover tumor phylogeny. Here we examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of DNA methylation in a clinically and genetically characterized cohort of IDH1-mutant low-grade gliomas and their patient-matched recurrences. WHO grade II gliomas are diffuse, infiltrative tumors that frequently recur and may undergo malignant progression to a higher grade with a worse prognosis. The extent to which epigenetic alterations contribute to the evolution of low-grade gliomas, including malignant progression, is unknown. While all gliomas in the cohort exhibited the hypermethylation signature associated with IDH1 mutation, low-grade gliomas that underwent malignant progression to high-grade glioblastoma (GBM) had a unique signature of DNA hypomethylation enriched for active enhancers, as well as sites of age-related hypermethylation in the brain. Genes with promoter hypomethylation and concordant transcriptional upregulation during evolution to GBM were enriched in cell cycle function, evolving in concert with genetic alterations that deregulate the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint. Despite the plasticity of tumor epigenetic states, phyloepigenetic trees robustly recapitulated phylogenetic trees derived from somatic mutations in the same patients. These findings highlight widespread co-dependency of genetic and epigenetic events throughout the clonal evolution of initial and recurrent glioma.
Host-tree Geometric Models for Use in Southern Pine Beetle Population Studies

Regression equations for predicting diameter outside bark (DOBx) and bark thickness (BTx) as functions of height and diameter or bark thickness class were developed from data collected as part of a Dendroctonus frontalis population dynamics study. The 2 equations were combined and integrated over height to provide estimates of the phloem area and bark volume infested by the insect. A graphic analysis using the BTx model showed that eggs/cm3 of bark increase with height, indicating that factors other than BTx control the egg density per unit area. An example is presented showing the use of the phloem area model to estimate the total number of insects inhabiting a tree.
Release of Histamine-Like Substance from Mast Cells Following Intraperitoneal Administration of Fat Emulsion in Rats.

SummaryTwo triglyceride emulsions prepared for intravenous use in man have been examined for ability to release histamine from tissue mast cells in rat peritoneal cavity. The emulsions themselves had no direct action upon smooth muscle. Intraperitoneal injection of these materials caused rupture of the mast cells. The fluid recovered from the peritoneal cavity produced bronchiolar constriction in the pithed guinea pig and contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro, indicating a significant histamine content. It is suggested that histamine release may play an important role in development of the occasional “anaphyloctoid” response following intravenous infusion of triglyceride emulsions in patients.
Hawaiian forest fungi. IX: Botryosphaeria pipturi sp. nov. and miscellaneous records

Botryosphaeria pipturi is described as new, and Alographina eucalypti, Rigidoporus ulmarius, Phaeoseptoria eucalypti, Dothistroma septospora, Septoria spp., and Mycosphaerella spp. are newly reported from Hawaii.
Nutrition and Quality Improvement in Cystic Fibrosis

Quality improvement (QI) is a multidisciplinary method of understanding and improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and reliability of health processes and outcomes of care. Interest in quality improvement work in the field of CF has been increasing over the past decade. Aspects of the QI include patient registries, benchmarking projects, patient and family involvement, and care team education in improvement methods. Although nutrition related QI work has been implemented in many CF centers, there are few publications. Implementing nutrition QI projects using a standardized approach can potentially improve nutrition outcomes.
Variations in hepatic biomarkers in American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis ) from three sites in Florida, USA

Sub-individual biomarkers are sub-lethal biological responses commonly used in the assessment of wildlife exposure to environmental contaminants. In this study, we examined the activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and metallothionein (MT) concentrations among captive-raised alligator hatchlings, wild-caught juveniles, and wild-caught adults. Juveniles and adults were collected from three locations in Florida (USA) with varying degrees of contamination (i.e. Lake Apopka (organochlorine polluted site), Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) (metal polluted site), and Lake Woodruff NWR (reference site)). We examined whether changes in the response of these three biomarkers were age and sex dependent or reflected site-specific variations of environmental contaminants. Juvenile alligators from Merritt Island NWR had higher MT concentrations and lower GST activity compared to those from the other two sites. This outcome was consistent with higher metal pollution at this location. Sexually dimorphic patterns of MT and GST (F > M) were observed in juvenile alligators from all sites, although this pattern was not observed in adults. GST activity was lower in captive-raised alligators from Lake Apopka and Merritt Island NWR as compared to animals from Lake Woodruff NWR, suggesting a possible developmental modulator at these sites. No clear patterns were observed in LDH activity. We concluded that GST and MT demonstrate age and sex specific patterns in the alligators inhabiting these study sites and that the observed variation among sites could be due to differences in contaminant exposure.
The Correlation Between MRI Manifestations and Pathologic Findings of Gliomatosis Cerebri (GC)

Objective To evaluate the correlation between MRI manifestations and pathologic findings of gliomatosis cerebri (GC).Materials and Methods The MRI features and the pathologic findings of 12 patients with cerebral gliomatosis confirmed with stereotactic biopsy (n=8) or operation (n=4) were reviewed, and 8 patients were also performed with CT at the same period. Results MRI showed tumor involved at least three lobes of the brain in 11 patients (91.7%), the frontal, temporal and parietal lobe were commonly involved, with extension to corpus callosum in 10 cases, to basal ganglia and thalamus in 5 cases, to brain stem in 3 cases, and to cerebellum and spinal 1 case, respectively. Wide spread invasion with hypointensity on T_1 weighted, and hyper intensity on T_2 weighted and FLAIR sequence with slightly surrounding swelling, without cystic change and calcification, less mass effect were noted. On enhanced MR scans, no enhancement was seen in 10 cases, diffuse isodensity or hypodensity of cerebral was depicted on CT scan, the extent of lesions was less depicted on CT than that on MRI. Pathologic results showed the astrocyte cell diffuse overgrew along the nerve fiber and the peri-vessel, and the MRI features were closely correlated with the pathological findings.Conclusion MRI not only can reflect the pathologic changes of GC, but also clearly depict the extent of tumors in cerebral, so it is the first choice in diagnosis of GC.
Tailoring steroid-sensitive virus-specific T cells with TALEN.

After stem cell transplants, steroid treatment severely damages T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus and abrogates the beneficial effect of adoptively transferred virus-specific T cells. In this issue of Blood, [Menger et al][1] describe a clinically applicable technique to inactivate the
Wind turbine performance degradation assessment based on a novel similarity metric for machine performance curves

Abstract Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) can offer substantial improvements in reliability and availability of the wind turbine asset. Driven by reducing the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost of wind turbines, many research efforts have been conducted to realize reliable wind turbine performance degradation assessment. Despite these efforts, it is still challenging to assess the actual degradation trend of wind turbine which will be suitable for prediction analysis. In this study, a novel similarity metric for machine performance curves is proposed and a framework of wind turbine performance assessment methodology is presented. The proposed algorithm evaluates the health condition of wind turbine by performing principal component analysis on the quasi-linear region of the power curve. The proposed methodology has been validated on a dataset collected from a large scale onshore wind turbine for a period of two years. The result exhibits a gradual degradation trend of wind turbine and indicates the ability of proposed approach to trend and assess the turbine degradation before downtime happens. The result from the proposed method also reveals its robustness to wind resolution in the power curve, which still exhibits a very similar degradation trend when the wind resolution of power curve has been down sampled.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pt-Ag Alloy Nanocages with Enhanced Activity and Durability toward Oxygen Reduction

Engineering the elemental composition of metal nanocrystals offers an effective strategy for the development of catalysts or electrocatalysts with greatly enhanced activity. Herein, we report the synthesis of Pt–Ag alloy nanocages with an outer edge length of 18 nm and a wall thickness of about 3 nm. Such nanocages with a composition of Pt19Ag81 could be readily prepared in one step through the galvanic replacement reaction between Ag nanocubes and a Pt(II) precursor. After 10 000 cycles of potential cycling in the range of 0.60–1.0 V as in an accelerated durability test, the composition of the nanocages changed to Pt56Ag44, together with a specific activity of 1.23 mA cm–2 toward oxygen reduction, which was 3.3 times that of a state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.37 mA cm–2) prior to durability testing. Density functional theory calculations attributed the increased activity to the stabilization of the transition state for breaking the O–O bond in molecular oxygen. Even after 30 000 cycles of pot...
Dietary Supplements for Insomnia

This article provides an overview of the evidence of commonly used dietary supplements for insomnia. Many bioactive phytochemicals and other components have been identified in dietary supplements that could provide therapeutic effects in patients with insomnia. There is a paucity of high-quality clinical research on most supplements, though some have promising findings. While additional research is warranted to establish safety and efficacy, in the interim, health professionals are encouraged to explore existing resources and partner with patients to understand their goals and advise on safe and effective use of dietary supplements.
An expanded framework to define and measure shared decision-making in dialogue: A 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approach.

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop a comprehensive, descriptive framework to measure shared decision making (SDM) in clinical encounters. Methods We combined a top-down (theoretical) approach with a bottom-up approach based on audio-recorded dialogue to identify all communication processes related to decision making. We coded 55 pediatric otolaryngology visits using the framework and report interrater reliability. Results We identified 14 clinician behaviors and 5 patient behaviors that have not been previously described, and developed a new SDM framework that is descriptive (what does happen) rather than normative (what should happen). Through the bottom-up approach we identified three broad domains not present in other SDM frameworks: socioemotional support, understandability of clinician dialogue, and recommendation-giving. We also specify the ways in which decision-making roles are assumed implicitly rather than discussed explicitly. Interrater reliability was >75% for 92% of the coded behaviors. Conclusion/practice implications This SDM framework allows for a more expansive understanding and analysis of how decision making takes place in clinical encounters, including new domains and behaviors not present in existing measures. We hope that this new framework will bring attention to a broader conception of SDM and allow researchers to further explore the new domains and behaviors identified.