cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of the rec genes in the viability of Escherichia coli K12.

Mutations in the recA, recB, or recC genes significantly reduce the growth rate and viability of Escherichia coli. Cultures of rec − strains are composed of three populations of cells: viable cells, nonviable but residually dividing cells, and nonviable and nondividing cells. Nondividing cells can be separated from dividing cells by penicillin treatment and velocity sedimentation. Nondividing cells of all rec − strains are greatly reduced in their ability to synthesize DNA. recB − recC − and recA − recB − recC − nondividing cells contain DNA. This DNA is synthesized in dividing cells and segregated into the nondividing cells. recA −nondividing cells contain little or no DNA. recA − recB − recC − nondividing cell DNA accumulates single-strand breaks.
Inflammatory Mechanisms in Guillain–Barré Syndrome

Publisher Summary Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of acute paralysis that occurs worldwide. In North America and Europe, GBS typically presents as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP). AIDP is similar to the syndrome that was originally described. It develops as a relatively acute, progressive paresis of the limbs, occasionally in an ascending pattern, often with sensory symptoms and areflexia. In Northern China, Japan, and Central and South America, the clinical picture is quite different, in that axonal forms occur in 30–47% of patients. Axonal involvement causing pure motor symptoms is known as acute motor axonal neuropathy. When there is both motor and sensory involvement, the condition is known as acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). There are similarities clinically between these syndromes and AIDP in that they may all involve the cranial nerves and affect all four limbs and respiratory function. Another variation of GBS was described by Miller Fisher (Miller Fisher syndrome [MFS]) in 1956. This clinical picture consists of a triad of symptoms: ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The patients described also had elevation of CSF protein levels without cells. They also followed a course of gradual improvement and resolution of clinical symptoms. The similarities between MFS and AIDP clinically strongly suggested that the two conditions were related.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Scaling for Inconel 718

Over the last decade, conjugate heat transfer testing has been shown to be important because it replicates the sum of the hot gas path heat transfer coefficient, film cooling, film cooling heat transfer augmentation, bore cooling, conduction through the wall, internal cooling heat transfer coefficients, and the relative amounts of heat pick up in the cooling flow. Instead of measuring these boundary conditions in individual experiments, conjugate heat transfer testing measures the cumulative effect as well as each boundary condition’s effect on the others. Typically, matched Biot number heat transfer experiments are performed at near room temperature with a surrogate material; however, this study examines how the thermal conductivity of a nickel alloy sufficiently changes between room temperature and temperatures representative of turbine engines to allow matched Bi heat transfer tests using nickel at laboratory conditions. The ratio of the thermal conductivity of air to the thermal conductivity of Inconel 718 stays mostly constant between engine representative temperatures and room temperature. Over this range, the thermal conductivity of both air and Inconel 718 change ∼2.5X, and the change in thermal conductivity allows for conjugate heat transfer tests to match Reynolds number, Nusselt number, film effectiveness, Biot number, and Stanton number. Experimental results at two temperature conditions are shown confirming the theory. Finally, a method for scaling the thermal impact of dust accumulation at laboratory conditions to turbine conditions is proposed.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
A computational and experimental study of conjugate heat transfer through composite thermal envelopes in post-frame buildings

Abstract The thermal performance of eight post-frame thermal envelopes was studied and optimized using a computational fluid dynamics model validated experimentally with a rotatable guarded hot box. In addition to providing thermal performance values for typical wall designs, this study proposed a new wall design that greatly increased thermal performance without sacrificing material efficiency. Study variables included structural geometry, level of insulation, and the presence and placement of radiant barriers. To reduce computational demand, modeling was primarily conducted using an area-weighted average of two-dimensional slices to represent three-dimensional assemblies. After modeling a portion of the assembly in three dimensions and comparing it with its two-dimensional counterpart, this simplification was found to result in less than a 6.7% error. Significant error (up to 57%); however, was determined to be integral to the simplifying assumptions commonly used by building designers, especially in envelopes common to the agricultural industry. This error was estimated to underpredict energy costs for a 2200 m2 cold-storage warehouse in Wisconsin by approximately $1700 a year.
Data-Driven Prediction of Runway Incursions with Uncertainty Quantification

AbstractIn 2015 only, more than 1,500 runway incursions (RIs) occurred at US airports, which could result in serious runway collisions. Nonlinear interactions among many factors and complex data st...
Becoming Part of the City: Influences on the Career Choice of an Urban Music Educator.

The purpose of this case study was to examine and describe the life experiences that influenced one music teacher’s career choice to teach music in an urban school. The primary research question is...
Treatment of myofascial shoulder pain in the spinal cord injured population using static magnetic fields: A case series

Objective: Magnetic therapy has been used in the treatment of a wide variety of chronic pain syndromes. lt has not been studied in the treatment of myofascial shoulder pain in persons with spinal c...
Reactive nitrogen species and proteins: biological significance and clinical relevance.

Nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species such as nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide and peroxynitrite react selectively with different proteins causing covalent structural modifications that alter protein function (1–3). The predominant post-translational modification mediated by nitric oxide is the S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues whereas reactive nitrogen intermediates primarily oxidize cysteine and nitrate tyrosine residues. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ryanodine receptor, p21ras, hemoglobin and caspase 3 are modified by Snitrosylation of cysteine residues in vivo (4–10). The S-nitrosylation of the cysteine residues provides a selective and reversible covalent modification that regulates protein function and explains the ability of nitric oxide to regulate simultaneously different cellular pathways.
Assessment of food safety at university food courts using surveys, observations, and microbial testing.

Abstract Food courts are popular dining platform in most universities in the United States. However, insufficiently skilled part-time student employees, self-service and shared dining environment, and the low-risk food safety perception among young adult consumer population create an increased risk of cross-contamination and foodborne illnesses in the setting. In a mixed methods approach, using surveys, observations, and microbial testing, this study assessed and contrasted food safety perceptions and self-reported practices among 100 food handlers and 295 consumers, observed practices among 34 food handlers and 149 consumers, and the microbial status of 391 inanimate surfaces and 60 consumer cell phones in common dining areas at university food courts. The findings showed that food handlers were more concerned about food safety in university food courts than consumers (weighted means of 3.66 and 2.88, respectively, 5-point Likert scale; 1 = Not at all, 5 = Very concerned). Our findings also identified gaps between perceptions of the importance for surface and hand sanitation (weighted means from 4.15 to 4.91, 5-point Likert scale; 1 = Not important at all, 5 = Very important), self-reported sanitation practices (weighted means from 4.10 to 4.81 for food handlers and from 2.54 to 3.32 for consumers, 5-point Likert scale; 1 = Never, 5 = Very often), and the actual sanitation practices (observed hand sanitation followed by only 0.9% and 1.6% transactions of food handlers and consumers, respectively). The contamination indicators were often found on dining area surfaces over the period of one year (generic E. coli on 11.9% salad bar/salad bar utensils, 9.8% food serving counters, and 3.3% of consumer cell phones; 79.0% samples containing >104 CFU/cm2). The findings will be used to develop effective strategies and consumer education interventions to improve foodservice food safety and reduce the risks of foodborne diseases.
Routine Cholesterol Tests and Subsequent Change in BMI Among Overweight and Obese Children

Abstract Introduction In 2011, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and American Academy of Pediatrics concluded that both familial and obesity-associated dyslipidemias increase cardiovascular risk and recommended universal cholesterol testing at ages 9 to 11. It remains unknown whether testing influences body mass index (BMI) trajectory, a key modifiable cardiovascular outcome. Methods This quasi-experimental-matched cohort includes children aged 9 to 11 years completing well visits in a diverse primary care network from 2012 to 2014. Participants had baseline BMI ≥85th% and no prior cholesterol testing. Propensity score matching identified untested children similar to tested children on weight measures, practice site, sex, age, race, ethnicity, insurance, and well visit frequency. Change in BMI z-score was assessed over 18 months. Regression adjusted for residual confounding following matching. Data were analyzed in 2018. Results Matching improved balance between tested and untested children for all characteristics. The matched cohort of 1808 children was predominantly non-Latino black (48%) or non-Latino white (33%), and Medicaid insured (39%). Baseline BMI z-score was 1.88 for tested and 1.84 for untested children. Of tested children, 25% had cholesterol levels above the 2011 guideline's "acceptable" range. Two children received cholesterol lowering medications. Adjusted analysis found no difference in change in BMI z-score between tested and untested children (0.02, 95% confidence interval −0.01, 0.04). Conclusions Individual risk assessment in the form of cholesterol testing is not associated with change in BMI trajectory among overweight and obese children. Though testing may identify familial hypercholesterolemia, results suggest testing does not change BMI trajectory, a key strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Stability of an RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix depends on base triplet composition and length of the RNA third strand

Recent studies suggest noncoding RNAs interact with genomic DNA, forming an RNA•DNA-DNA triple helix that regulates gene expression. However, base triplet composition of pyrimidine motif RNA•DNA-DNA triple helices is not well understood beyond the canonical U•A-T and C•G-C base triplets. Using native gel-shift assays, the relative stability of 16 different base triplets at a single position, Z•X-Y (where Z = C, U, A, G and X-Y = A-T, G-C, T-A, C-G), in an RNA•DNA-DNA triple helix was determined. The canonical U•A-T and C•G-C base triplets were the most stable, while three non-canonical base triplets completely disrupted triple-helix formation. We further show that our RNA•DNA-DNA triple helix can tolerate up to two consecutive non-canonical A•G-C base triplets. Additionally, the RNA third strand must be at least 19 nucleotides to form an RNA•DNA-DNA triple helix but increasing the length to 27 nucleotides does not increase stability. The relative stability of 16 different base triplets in DNA•DNA-DNA and RNA•RNA-RNA triple helices was distinctly different from those in RNA•DNA-DNA triple helices, showing that base triplet stability depends on strand composition being DNA and/or RNA. Multiple factors influence the stability of triple helices, emphasizing the importance of experimentally validating formation of computationally predicted triple helices.
“Do this in remembrance of me”: Black Bodies and the Future of Theological Education

Slavery was an assault on black humanity, including the black body. Theological education paired with and shaped by slavery embodied the same type of violence through its mission and curriculum, th...
Chapter 22 – Gustatory

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the taste and general viscerosensory pathways of the mouse brain. The mouse model in molecular biology, owing to the availability of informative transgenic animals, has begun to provide insights into the development and organization of neural systems in ways not possible with other species. In viscerosensation this is particularly true for the taste system where, for example, mouse taste bud cells expressing the receptor molecule that is responsive to bitter stimuli have been engineered to express fluorescence, or to be rendered inoperable, and identified as distinct from cells expressing sweet and umami receptors. The chapter emphasizes the taste system. The peripheral general viscerosensory system and the medullary viscerosensory pathways are described, with particular emphasis on the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). Taste receptor cells are elongate epithelial cells clustered in buds located on the tongue, palate and epiglottis. Fungiform buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are innervated by gustatory fibers of the facial nerve. Viscerosensory receptors consist of free endings of afferent cranial nerves, or of specialized cells organized as distinctive end-organs, which, in turn, are innervated by the sensory fibers derived from 3 cranial nerves: the facial (CN VII), the glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and the vagus (CN X). The gustatory cortex is reciprocally connected with the aforementioned basal forebrain, thalamic, and pontine nuclei. These connections unite basal limbic areas with autonomic and cranial nerve outflow regions to regulate visceral and somatic motor responses and to affect a wide range of homeostatic functions.
An Update on Venous Thromboembolism Rates and Prophylaxis in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in 2020

Patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) with an incidence of approximately 0.6–1.5%. Given the high volume of these operations, with approximately one million performed annually in the U.S., the rate of VTE represents a large absolute number of patients. The rate of VTE after total hip arthroplasty has been stable over the past decade, although there has been a slight reduction in the rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), but not pulmonary embolism (PE), after total knee arthroplasty. Over this time, there has been significant research into the optimal choice of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis for individual patients, with the objective to reduce the rate of VTE while minimizing adverse side effects such as bleeding. Recently, aspirin has emerged as a promising prophylactic agent for patients undergoing arthroplasty due to its similar efficacy and good safety profile compared to other pharmacologic agents. However, there is no evidence to date that clearly demonstrates the superiority of any given prophylactic agent. Therefore, this review discusses (1) the current prevalence and trends in VTE after total hip and knee arthroplasty and (2) provides an update on pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in regard to aspirin usage.
Nuclear de-excitations in low-energy charged-current ν e scattering on Ar 40

Background: Large argon-based neutrino detectors, such as those planned for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, have the potential to provide unique sensitivity to low-energy (few to tens of MeV) electron neutrinos produced by core-collapse supernovae. Despite their importance for neutrino energy reconstruction, nuclear de-excitations following charged-current ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ absorption on $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ have never been studied in detail at supernova energies.Purpose: I develop a model of nuclear de-excitations that occur following the $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e},{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})^{40}\mathrm{K}^{*}$ reaction. This model is applied to the calculation of exclusive cross sections.Methods: A simple expression for the inclusive differential cross section is derived under the allowed approximation. Nuclear de-excitations are described using a combination of measured $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray decay schemes and the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. All calculations are carried out using a novel Monte Carlo event generator called MARLEY (Model of Argon Reaction Low Energy Yields).Results: Various total and differential cross sections are presented. Two de-excitation modes, one involving only $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and the other including single neutron emission, are found to be dominant at few tens-of-MeV energies.Conclusions: Nuclear de-excitations have a strong impact on the achievable energy resolution for supernova ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ detection in liquid argon. Tagging events involving neutron emission, though difficult, could substantially improve energy reconstruction. Given a suitable calculation of the inclusive cross section, the MARLEY nuclear de-excitation model may readily be applied to other scattering processes.
pMAT: An Open-Source, Modular Software Suite for the Analysis of Fiber Photometry Calcium Imaging

Abstract The combined development of new technologies for neuronal recordings and the development of novel sensors for recording both cellular activity and neurotransmitter binding has ushered in a new era for the field of neuroscience. Among these new technologies is fiber photometry, a technique wherein an implanted fiber optic is used to record signals from genetically encoded fluorescent sensors in bulk tissue. Fiber photometry has been widely adapted due to its cost-effectiveness, ability to examine the activity of neurons with specific anatomical or genetic identities, and the ability to use these highly modular systems to record from one or more sensors or brain sites in both superficial and deep-brain structures. Despite these many benefits, one major hurdle for laboratories adopting this technique is the steep learning curve associated with the analysis of fiber photometry data. This has been further complicated by a lack of standardization in analysis pipelines. In the present communication, we present pMAT, a ‘photometry modular analysis tool’ that allows users to accomplish common analysis routines through the use of a graphical user interface. This tool can be deployed in MATLAB and edited by more advanced users, but is also available as an independently deployable, open-source application.
Recurrent Incontinence After Transvaginal Partial Sling Excision in Patients with Prior Mid-Urethral Sling

Introduction Patients may develop recurrent urinary tract infections, pain syndromes, dyspareunia, and voiding difficulty after mid-urethral sling placement that can be treated by partial sling excision. Objective The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of de novo incontinence and voiding difficulty after partial sling excision. A secondary objective was to assess risk factors associated with future incontinence surgery in this subset of patients. Methods From 2009 to 2017, 95 female patients with subjective complaints of pelvic pain, dyspareunia, or voiding difficulty following synthetic mid-urethral sling placement for stress urinary incontinence underwent partial sling excision at a single institution. The incidence of urinary incontinence was assessed 6 months after partial sling excision. Patients were also assessed for resolution of voiding difficulty and future incontinence surgery. Primary endpoints were examined by Pearson's Chi-square test and interval data by t-test. A p Results About 72% of patients were more likely to be continent after partial sling excision irrespective of initial symptoms prior to surgery. No difference was seen in voiding difficulty between the continent and incontinent patients after partial sling excision (p=0.09). Patients with a retropubic mid-urethral sling were more likely to be continent after partial sling excision (p=0.03). Preoperative maximum flow rate >16 mL/sec was associated as an independent variable to develop incontinence surgery after partial sling excision (p=0.009). Conclusion In conclusion, partial sling excision poses a low risk for de novo urinary incontinence regardless of preoperative symptoms. Stress urinary incontinence may be less likely to reoccur in those patients having a retropubic approach. A preoperative maximum flow rate of >16 mL/sec is a risk factor for future incontinence surgery after partial sling excision and should be taken into consideration when formulating a treatment plan.
Electronic transport properties of K x C 70 thin films

Transport properties of ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ thin films doped to their maximum conductivity are studied. At this doping level ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ (nominally ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}$${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$) is characteristic of a disordered metal with room-temperature conductivity close to 600 S/cm. The conduction bandwidth is estimated as 0.5--0.6 eV. The thermopower and magnetoconductance data are similar to those of ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and intercalated carbon materials. No superconducting transition is observed above 1.35 K.
Health Care Satisfaction in Relation to Gender Identity: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 20 States (2014-2018).

Background Health care satisfaction is a key component of patient-centered care. Prior research on transgender populations has been based on convenience samples, and/or grouped all gender minorities into a single category. Objective The objective of this study was to quantify differences in health care satisfaction among transgender men, transgender women, gender nonconforming, and cisgender adults in a diverse multistate sample. Research design Cross-sectional analysis of 2014-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 20 states, using multivariable logistic models. Subjects We identified 167,468 transgender men, transgender women, gender-nonconforming people, cisgender women, and cisgender men and compared past year health care satisfaction across these groups. Results Transgender men and women had the highest prevalence of being "not at all satisfied" with the health care they received (14.6% and 8.6%, respectively), and gender-nonconforming people had the lowest prevalence of being "very satisfied" with their health care (55.7%). After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, transgender men were more likely to report being "not at all satisfied" with health care than cisgender men (odds ratio: 4.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.72-11.5) and cisgender women (odds ratio: 3.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.31-8.80). Conclusions Findings indicate that transgender and gender-nonconforming adults report considerably less health care satisfaction relative to their cisgender peers. Interventions to address factors driving these differences are needed.
Tetrode Recording in the Xenopus laevis Visual System Using Multichannel Glass Electrodes

The Xenopus tadpole visual system shows an extraordinary extent of developmental and visual experience-dependent plasticity, establishing sophisticated neuronal response properties that guide essential survival behaviors. The external development and access to the developing visual circuit of Xenopus tadpoles make them an excellent experimental system in which to elucidate plastic changes in neuronal properties and their capacity to encode information about the visual scene. The temporal structure of neural activity encodes a significant amount of information, access to which requires recording methods with high temporal resolution. Conversely, elucidating changes in the temporal structure of neural activity requires recording over extended periods. It is challenging to maintain patch-clamp recordings over extended periods and Ca2+ imaging has limited temporal resolution. Extracellular recordings have been used in other systems for extended recording; however, spike amplitudes in the developing Xenopus visual circuit are not large enough to be captured by distant electrodes. Here we describe a juxtacellular tetrode recording method for continuous long-term recordings from neurons in intact tadpoles, which can also be exposed to diverse visual stimulation protocols. Electrode position in the tectum is stabilized by the large contact area in the tissue. Contamination of the signal from neighboring neurons is minimized by the tight contact between the glass capillaries and the dense arrangement of neurons in the tectum. This recording method enables analysis of developmental and visual experience-dependent plastic changes in neuronal response properties at higher temporal resolution and over longer periods than current methods.
16 Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering

Publisher Summary Polymer science in chemical engineering has reached far from the roots of chemical engineering, into chemistry, physics, and materials science. Much polymer research in chemical engineering derives its engineering relevance from answering fundamental questions underlying polymer technology, rather than from directly pragmatic polymer engineering activities. Polymers are scientifically interesting and technologically relevant. As with other high-performance materials, the time span from conception of a new development in polymer materials science to implementation can be short. Engineers must therefore be close to the science in order to participate. Areas of application that currently drive much new polymer development include adhesion, microelectronics, transportation, medicine, and communications. Polymers are mainly processed in the fluid state, bringing fluid mechanics expertise into play. All human-made polymeric materials to date have distributions of molecular weight, composition, and architecture. The techniques discussed for synthesis of block copolymers are the most precise available. The trend in polymerization engineering is toward smaller volume and therefore batch processes, and toward production of lower molecular weight functionalized polymers that are used as building blocks for microstructured polymers.
City and Environment by Christopher G. Boone and Ali Modarres

Christopher G. Boone and Ali Modarres, City and Environment (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006).In City and Environment, Boone and Modarres seek to “illuminate the social-ecological syste...
Obstetric features of thanatophoric dwarfism

Abstract Thanatophoric dwarfism is the result of a generalized failure of endochondral bone formation. It may be diagnosed in utero and is almost uniformly fatal. Hydramnios, prematurity, breech presentation, and cephalopelvic disproportion are clinical features frequently associated with these infants. The early induction of labor in these cases is suggested.
Additive enhanced electrostatic precipitation in liquids

Electrostatic precipitation of particulate matter in nonconducting liquids is a technique of solid-liquid separation. It may compete with the traditional separation techniques, like filtration, distillation, centrifuge separation. In comparison with those methods it possesses some distinct advantages: it is a continuous process, its energy consumption is negligible, it is highly efficient with respect to particles in the submicron range. The degree of purification of a liquid is better than a factor of 10/sup 4/. >
The UL10 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a novel viral glycoprotein, gM, which is present in the virion and in the plasma membrane of infected cells.

The herpes simplex virus 1 UL10 gene encodes a hydrophobic membrane protein dispensable for viral replication in cell culture (J.D. Baines and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 65:938-944, 1991). We report the following. (i) A fusion protein consisting of glutathione S-transferase fused to the C-terminal 93 amino acids of the UL10 protein was used to produce a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. The antiserum reacted with infected-cell proteins which formed in denaturing polyacrylamide gels a sharp band (apparent M(r) of 50,000) and a very broad band (M(r) of 53,000 to 63,000). These bands were not formed by lysates of UL10- virus or by lysates of infected cells boiled in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate before electrophoresis. (ii) The proteins forming both bands were labeled by [3H]glucosamine, indicating that they were glycosylated. (iii) The UL10 protein in cells treated with tunicamycin formed a single band (apparent M(r) of 47,000) reactive with the anti-UL10 antibody, indicating that the 47,000-M(r) protein was a precursor of N-glycosylated, more slowly migrating forms of UL10. Treatment of the immunoprecipitate with endoglycosidase H increased the electrophoretic mobility of the 50,000-M(r) species to that of the 47,000-M(r) species, indicating that the 50,000-M(r) species contained high-mannose polysaccharide chains, whereas the proteins forming the 53,000- to 63,000-M(r) bands contained mature chains inasmuch as they were resistant to digestion by the enzyme. (iv) The UL10 protein of R7221 carrying a 20-amino-acid epitope formed only one band with an M(r) of 53,000. This band was sensitive to endoglycosidase H, suggesting that the epitope inserted in the R7221 UL10 protein may have interfered with glycosylation. (v) The UL10 protein does not contain a cleavable signal sequence inasmuch as the first UL10 methionine codon was reflected in the 50,000-M(r) protein. (vi) The UL10 protein is present in virions and plasma membranes of unfixed cells that were reacted with the polyclonal rabbit antibody. In accordance with the current nomenclature, the UL10 protein is designated glycoprotein M.
How to construct a relativistic SU(6) classification symmetry group

A relation between the algebra of $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W, \mathrm{currents}}$ and that of $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W, \mathrm{strong}}$ is given for the quark model with arbitrary interaction as quantized on a null plane. A unitary transformation is constructed which connects the generators of the algebras in such a way that the generators ${W}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ of $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W, \mathrm{strong}}$ classify states independent of momentum. The ${W}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ are shown to have the simple angular momentum properties expected in the naive quark model. For the free-quark model, the results reduce essentially to those of Melosh, although no problems involved in the use of wave packets arise here.
The far infrared helium laser

Abstract Two far i.r. lines from a pulsed helium laser have been accurately measured with a metal grid Fabry-Perot interferometer at wavelengths of 95.763 ± 0.006 μm and 216.12 ± 0.01μm. The laser output critically depends on the plasma conditions in the laser during the excitation phase. The rapid increase in collision frequency at this time limits the duration of the laser emission.
Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Polychelate Porphyrin Chromophores and Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

The influence of TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) morphology on dye-sensitized solar cell performance was studied with five porphyrin chromophores containing up to four carboxylic acid anchor groups. The TiO2 NTAs were anodically grown on Ti foil in NH4F electrolyte containing additives such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400), ethylene glycol, and glycerol. The NTAs grown in the presence of PEG 400 had the largest nanotube diameter (∼120 nm) and also yielded the best photoresponse with all five porphyrins in iodide/polyiodide electrolyte. Interestingly, nanoporous TiO2 “control” films, anodically grown on Ti foil in the absence of the organic additive, yielded an inferior photoresponse under the same conditions. Two of the porphyrins (P3 and P5), envisioned to have a spider-like configuration on the TiO2 NTA surface, yielded the best photoresponse among the five candidates in the Q(1,0) porphyrin spectral region. This result underlines that the molecular structure of the chromophore affects the directionality of...
A Transgenic-Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Few diseases are as debilitating and inevitably lethal as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The disease typically strikes adults in midlife, causing paralysis and death within five years. The ca...
Transmission of an FMR1 premutation allele in a large family identified through newborn screening: the role of AGG interruptions

The CGG repeat within the premutation range in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene can lead to neurodegenerative disorders and intellectual disabilities. An increase in size upon the transmission from parent to child is more likely to occur for larger alleles and without AGG interruptions. We describe the molecular structure and the transmission of an FMR1 premutation allele in a multigenerational family, identified through newborn screening for fragile X syndrome. Transmission of the premutation allele was traced through five generations in 14 of the 23 individuals who were genotyped through cascade testing. Allele size instability during transmission was observed, but no expansions to a full mutation were detected. Clinical and molecular characterizations of the participants lead to the diagnosis of fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome in one subject identified as a premutation carrier. A gradual small increase in the size of the premutation allele was observed during transmission through five generations. The relative stability is likely due to the presence of two AGGs within the allele. The detection of AGG interruptions within the premutation alleles is important in genetic counseling, to better predict the risk of expansion during transmission from a premutation to a full-mutation allele.
Physical and chemical characterization of airborne particles from welding operations in automotive plants.

Airborne particles were characterized from six welding operations in three automotive plants, including resistance spot welding, metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of aluminum and resistance spot welding, MIG welding and weld-through sealer of galvanized steel. Particle levels were measured throughout the process area to select a sampling location, followed by intensive particle sampling over one working shift. Temporal trends were measured, and particles were collected on filters to characterize their size and chemistry. In all cases, the particles fell into a bimodal size distribution with very large particles >20 μm in diameter, possibly emitted as spatter or metal expulsions, and very small particles about 1 μm in diameter, possibly formed from condensation of vaporized metal. The mass median aerodynamic diameter was about 1 μm, with only about 7% of the particle mass present as ultrafine particles <100 nm. About half the mass of aluminum welding particles could be acco...
Relating action to abstract goals increases physical activity reported a week later

Abstract Objective The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether construing action abstractly versus concretely increases physical activity over a one-week period. Design and method An experimental study was conducted in which participants were asked to commit to engaging in physical activity at least four times in the coming week. After making this commitment, participants were assigned randomly to think about the concrete procedures or the abstract purpose of their actions. Additionally, in an attempt to induce differences in level of goal conflict, participants were assigned randomly to receive a reminder of a different or consistent goal. The main outcome variable of interest was the number of minutes spent on physical activity over the following 7-day period. Results Consistent with the hypothesis, participants in the abstract condition reported engaging in significantly more minutes of physical activity than did those in the concrete condition. Level of goal conflict did not significantly impact physical activity. The effect of abstract versus concrete thinking on physical activity also was related to the processing of negative affect. Conclusion By providing evidence that construing action abstractly impacts physical activity, the present investigation makes an important addition to research aiming to identify effective means of increasing physical activity.
Discrete solitons in nonlinear zigzag optical waveguide arrays with tailored diffraction properties

We show that the discrete diffraction properties of a nonlinear optical zigzag waveguide array can be significantly modified, by exploiting the topological arrangement of the lattice itself. This introduces extended interactions (beyond nearest-neighbors), which, in turn, affect the lattice dispersion relation within the Brillouin zone. As a result, we demonstrate that new families of discrete soliton solutions are possible which are stable over a wide range of parameters. Our method opens new opportunities for diffraction management that can be employed to generate low power spatial discrete optical solitons.
Effect of putative pheromones on the electrical activity of the human vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium.

Abstract The summated receptor potential was recorded from the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and olfactory epithelium (OE) of 49 human subjects of both sexes (18 to 55 years old) using surface non-polarizable silver-silver chloride electrodes. 15–25 pg of human putative pheromones, clove oil and a diluent were administered to the VNO or the OE in 0.3–1 s pulses from a 0.05 mm dia cannula connected to a multichannel delivery system. Local stimulation if the VNO produces negative potentials of 1.8–11.6 mV showing adaptation. Responses are not obtained when the recording electrode is placed in the nasal respiratory mucosa. Pheromone ER-830 significantly stimulates the male VNO ( P n = 20), while ER-670 produces a significant effect on female subjects ( P n = 20). The other phermones tested do not show significantly different effects in both male and female ( P > 0.1). Similar quantities of odorant or diluent produce an insignificant effect on the VNO. Stimulation of the OE with clove oil produces depolarization of 12.3 ± 3.9 mV, while pheromones do not show a significant effect. Our results show that the VNO is a functional organ in adult humans having receptor sites for human putative pheromones.
Rhizophora mangle L. Seedling Development into the Sapling Stage across Resource and Stress Gradients in Subtropical Florida1

Nutrient, light, salinity, soil redox potentials, and other soil characteristics were determined across a range of mangrove forest heights across the South Florida peninsula encompassing large-stature trees (> 10 m) on the west coast and dwarf forms ( 40-55, > 55-70, and > 70-85. Light in open canopy gaps was an important determinant of seedling growth. Growth rates in gaps (0.32 + 0.04 to 1.89 + 0.18 mm/d) were two- to five-fold greater than adjacent closed canopy forests (0.14 + 0.01 to 0.40 + 0.07 mm/d). Among open canopy sites, labile soil phosphorus and soil redox potentials were significantly correlated to growth (P 85 cm) in South Florida mangrove forests. In addition, soil anoxia is hypothesized to be an important stressor in lagoonal-bay estuaries and marsh-mangrove ecotones with minimal tidal exchange.
Nitrogen isotopic signatures in Cape York: Implications for formation of Group III A irons

Abstract Nitrogen isotopic abundances and concentrations of cosmic-ray-produced 3Hec, 21Nec, and 38Arc are reported in metal and troilite separates of the Cape York III A iron meteorite. High resolution (20 step release) nitrogen isotopic data are obtained in a 0.2 g metal chip which contains 33. 1 ppm N of δ 15 N(‰) = − 94.8 ± 1.1 . Two troilite samples each contain 1.13 ppm N with signatures δ 15 N(‰) = − 10.7 and − 3.8, respectively. Spallogenic 21Nec is nineteen times more abundant in troilite than in metal due to cosmic ray reactions on sulphur. However, the distinct nitrogen isotopic signatures of troilite cannot be accounted for by the additional presence of spallogenic nitrogen. The nitrogen isotopic signatures of the metal for the temperature steps ≥ 1200° are within a narrow range of 4‰ and reveal a light N reservoir of δ 15 N(‰) = − 94.8‰ in Cape York. The nitrogen isotopic signatures of the metal and troilite phases appear to conflict with a proposed magmatic origin, unless the observed signature in troilite is due to a secondary alteration process. We discuss possible genetic links between iron meteorite groups based on nitrogen isotopic signatures in metal and oxygen isotopic signatures in silicate inclusions. Our nitrogen isotopic studies reveal artifacts due to adsorption/desorption of N2 by reactive metal vapors deposited on the surfaces of the quartz extraction system, and we discuss an extraction protocol which reduces nitrogen loss and exchange effects.
Additions to the Wavelet Hypothesis of Cardiac Fibrillation

Wavelet Hypothesis. Introduction: The wavelet hypothesis of Moe relates the initiation of cardiac fibrillation to nonuniform propagation of premature responses in the presence of nonuniform recovery of excitability. Fibrillation itself is characterized by multiple spatially discrete activation fronts (wavelets) resulting in reentry at changing locations. Methods and Results: A computer model originally used to demonstrate the hypothesis has been used in further studies of fibrillation and the findings add new details to the hypothesis. The model simulated propagation, cycle length dependent recovery of excitability, and slow propagation of premature responses. Additions to the hypothesis were definition of the different mechanisms by which refractory period (RP) range and mean duration affect vulnerability, explanation of the onset of the vulnerable period later than earliest propagation, and definition of effects of conduction defects on vulnerability. They also include evidence that RP range and duration affect the degree of nonuniform excitation required for fibrillation. Conclusion: Findings indicate that mean RP duration affects vulnerability by means of the number of premature responses possible per unit time while RP range affects nonuniformity of propagation per premature response. They also suggest that effects of conduction defects on vulnerability depend on associated RPs and that the degree of nonuniform excitation required to initiate fibrillation varies with recovery properties. In addition, they provide an explanation for onset of (he vulnerable period after propagation is possible.
Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus—V. Kinetics of the oxidation of lactate reaction

Abstract 1. 1. The kinetic properties of the LDH catalysed oxidation of lactate for Mongolian gerbil heart, kidney and liver LDH are described. 2. 2. While heart LDH shows properties similar to that of other mammals, gerbil liver LDH shows a greater affinity for lactate than LDH-5 from other mammals, as well as inhibition by NAD. Kidney LDH possesses kinetic properties intermediate between those of heart and liver LDH. 3. 3. The possible physiological significance of these kinetic properties is discussed.
Optimization of capillary source geometry for maximum pellet exit velocity in electrothermal plasma launchers

Deep fueling for large-scale tokamak fusion reactors requires the use of high-velocity fuel pellet injectors. The fuel pellets consist of deuterium or deuterium-tritium ice. Electrothermal plasma guns can be used to launch fuel pellets into the fusion plasma at a range of velocities. The plasma guns can be used to launch pellets at the velocities required for fusion reactor deep fueling or for the control of edge localized modes.
Contested milieux: Small firms, unionization, and the provision of protective structures

Three trends in the workplace point to the importance of considering work relations as well as governance structures for the development of protective benefits such as pensions. The increasing concentration of employment growth in smaller firms, the general decline of unionization, and the changing composition of the work force constitute the new exigencies of worker-employer contracts. The 1983 Current Population Survey Pension Supplement is used in conjunction with certification data from the National Labor Relations Board to examine the interaction between firm size and the influence, as opposed to the prevalence, of unionization in the provision of pensions. Unionization is found to be more influential in the provision of pensions for workers in small firms despite the established prevalence of unionization in larger firms. The implications of these trends for labor market theory are discussed.
Effects of carbon-black properties on combustion of carbon-black slurry agglomerates

Abstract This investigation considers the reaction of carbon-black agglomerates which are formed during the combustion of carbon-black slurry fuels. A monodisperse stream of agglomerates (75 μm initial diameter) was observed in the postflame region of a flat-flame burner, operating at atmospheric pressure. Measurements yielded agglomerate mass, size, temperature, and velocity as a function of time in the burner gases. Monodisperse carbon blacks having ultimate carbon-black particle sizes of 70–300 nm and a blend having 50% mass loading (each) of 70 and 300 nm blacks were tested. The rate of combustion of monodisperse blacks increased slightly as the ultimate carbon-black particle size was reduced. The burning rate of the carbon-black blend, however, was lower than the monodisperse blacks—yielding residence times for reaction that were 10–50% longer at comparable conditions. It was found that the present measurements could be correlated using a variable-density, shrinking-sphere model of the process, with empirical parameters representing effects of subsurface structure of the agglomerates.
End-to-side vascular anastomosis: a modified technique.

Abstract A modified end-to-side vascular anastomosis utilizing polypropylene sutures is presented. Of the currently available suture materials, polypropylene has the lowest coefficient of friction. It is therefore possible to place each anastomotic line without approximating graft to artery until all sutures are in position. The advantage of combining the visualization afforded by an interrupted anastomosis with the relative speed offered by a continuous anastomosis is thus achieved.