cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epilysin (Matrix Metalloproteinase-28) Contributes to Airway Epithelial Cell Survival

MMP28 is constitutively expressed by epithelial cells in many tissues, including the respiratory epithelium in the lung and keratinocytes in the skin. This constitutive expression suggests that MMP28 may serve a role in epithelial cell homeostasis. In an effort to determine its function in epithelial cell biology, we generated cell lines expressing wild-type or catalytically-inactive mutant MMP28 in two pulmonary epithelial cell lines, A549 and BEAS-2B. We observed that over-expression of MMP28 provided protection against apoptosis induced by either serum-deprivation or treatment with a protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine. Furthermore, we observed increased caspase-3/7 activity in influenza-infected lungs from Mmp28-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, and this activity localized to the airway epithelium but was not associated with a change in viral load. Thus, we have identified a novel role of MMP28 in promoting epithelial cell survival in the lung.
Bot Herding With RSS

Students in a large, introductory IT course created individual RSS feeds that pointed to personal content and syndicated, course-related content. In a relatively short period the class had amassed approximately 1000 web resources. The process paralleled one of a benevolent bot herder; the outcome stimulated an interest in social computing.
Effects of Proportions of Steam-Flaked Corn and Grain Sorghum and Switching Grain Sources During the Finishing Period on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Beef Steers1

Three studies were conducted to determine effects of proportions of steam-flaked corn (SFC) and steam-flaked grain sorghum (SFGS) in the finishing diet (Exp. 1), effects of switching grain sources on d 56 of the finishing period on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers (Exp. 2), and effects of these two dietary ingredients on in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) (Exp. 3). For Exp. 1, 180 medium-framed beef steers (British × Continental) were used. Treatments included (DM basis) 100% SFC:0% SFGS, 75% SFC:25% SFGS, 50% SFC:50% SFGS, 25% SFC:75% SFGS, and 0% SFC:100% SFGS. Increasing the proportion of SFGS in the finishing diet increased (P 0.10) were noted among treatments for carcass characteristics. In Exp. 2, 144 medium-framed beef steers (British × Continental) were used. Treatments were SFC fed from d 0 to end (Treatment 1), SFC fed from d 0 to 56 and SFGS fed from d 57 to end (Treatment 2), SFGS fed from d 0 to 56 and SFC fed from d 57 to end (Treatment 3), and SFGS fed from d 0 to end (Treatment 4). Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted concurrently, and steers on Treatments 1 and 4 were the same steers used in Exp. 1 and fed 100:0 and 0:100, respectively. Average daily gain was decreased (P 0.10) among treatments after 4, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation. Results suggest no benefit from mixing SFC and SFGS in finishing diets, and switching grain sources during the finishing period may adversely affect performance.
Validation of Therapeutic Bronchoscopic Bronchial Washing in Cystic Fibrosis

Validation of rigid-tube bronchoscopy with small-volume (5-ml increments not to exceed 300 ml) bronchial washing as a therapeutic adjunct was performed on six patients with cystic fibrosis, using serial tests of pulmonary function as a yardstick for assessment of efficacy. Two petients did not undergo the procedure and served as control subjects. All patients were characterized as having varying severity of pulmonary involvement Large central airways were severely obstructed, and older patients had more trapped gas in their lumgs. Hypoxemia and large alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure differences [P(A-a)O 2 ] were due to inbomogeneity of alveolar venfflation. Results indicated that up to ten days to two weeks, bronchoscopic bronchial washing may in some instances improve maximal expiratory flow-volume curves and specific airway conductance and decrease P(A-a)O 2 towards normal. Distribution of alveolar gas became more homogeneous. We conclude that bronchoscopic bronchial washing may be effective in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis, by augmentation of their inadequate cleansing function of the conducting airways.
Information spaces -- building meeting rooms in virtual environments

Virtual worlds are typically designed to recreate the familiar physical world, both in the design of the spaces and the ways that people interact within them. In this paper we describe an alternate approach that uses the computational capabilities unique to the virtual world to augment social interaction and personal experience. We propose a specific design for supporting medium sized group meetings using avatar's positions in the space to represent their feelings about the discussion and discuss our preliminary testing results.
WORAL: A Witness Oriented Secure Location Provenance Framework for Mobile Devices

Location-based services allow mobile device users to access various services based on the users’ current physical location information. Path-critical applications, such as supply chain verification, require a chronological ordering of location proofs. It is a significant challenge in distributed and user-centric architectures for users to prove their presence and the path of travel in a privacy-protected and secure manner. So far, proposed schemes for secure location proofs are mostly subject to tampering, not resistant to collusion attacks, do not offer preservation of the provenance, and are not flexible enough for users to prove their provenance of location proofs. In this paper, we present WORAL, a complete ready-to-deploy framework for generating and validating witness oriented asserted location provenance records. The WORAL framework is based on the asserted location proof protocol and the OTIT model for generating secure location provenance on the mobile devices. WORAL allows user-centric, collusion resistant, tamper-evident, privacy protected, verifiable, and provenance preserving location proofs for mobile devices. This paper presents the schematic development, feasibility of usage, comparative advantage over similar protocols, and implementation of WORAL for android device users including a Google Glass-based client for enhanced usability.
Observations on the Chemical Composition of White Particles in Several Lots of Cheddar Cheese

Summary The data in Tables 2, 3, and 4 reveal that the white particles selected from a number of different samples of Cheddar cheese are definitely heterogeneous in composition. The compounds found most commonly were tyrosine and calcium lactate. Quantitative analyses for tyrosine show that its concentration varied from 3 per cent to 50 per cent in the samples studied. Cystine was found in the white particles from three of the six samples of cheese. The white particles from one cheese sample contained only a small amount of tyrosine and yielded no X-ray diffraction evidence of calcium lactate. This sample did contain appreciable quantities of leucine, and isoleucine was probably present. The study included four raw milk and three pasteurized milk cheeses; there is no indication that this factor influenced the composition of the white particles. No significance could be attached to the location of the white particles in the cheese in regard to their composition. The method of ripening appears to have a definite influence on the composition of the white particles.
‘We are so over pharaohs and pyramids!’ Re‐presenting the othered lives with young people through an international studies program

Based on a year‐long implementation of an international studies program in a rural middle school using videoconferencing technology, this paper focuses the international presenters' interpretation ...
Development and Evaluation of Chickenburger Formulations and Effect of Beating Time Incorporating Underutilized Poultry Meats

Abstract Twenty-two chickenburger formulations were developed, most utilizing substantial proportions of hand deboned broiler thigh meat, mechanically deboned broiler backs and necks (MDBN), and mechanically deboned spent Leghorn fowl (MDSL). Formulations were evaluated primarily with sensory methods supported by objective textural measurements. Results demonstrated that formulations containing 50 to 100% ground thigh, 15 to 50% MDBN, or 15 to 50% MDSL and 15 to 20% ground skin combinations were very acceptable and were rated as not statistically different from, or better than, breast meat formulations. Length of salt and phosphate beat times applied to ground or mechanically deboned meat formulations were determined to be important in optimizing tenderness and juiciness sensory parameters as well as objective shear force values.
Petrographic Analysis of Late Woodland and Middle Mississippian Ceramics at the Iva Site (47Lc42), Onalaska, Wisconsin

The Iva site contained a rare effigy mound and Middle Mississippian (Ramey horizon) component within the Late Woodland Lewis phase territory of the Upper Mississippi River valley. Salvage excavations in 2002–2003 recovered fragments of numerous Angelo Punctated, Powell Plain, and Ramey Incised vessels, including examples of Angelo and Ramey in direct association. Petrographic analysis was conducted on seven grit-tempered and six shell-tempered vessels, eight of which are stylistically Mississippian. The results indicate that four of eight Mississippian vessels were likely manufactured in the American Bottom, with the other half being local imitations of Mississippian styles. These data are compared to contemporaneous Ramey horizon components in the Driftless Area of Cahokia's northern hinterland.
ARCHIVING THE AVANT-GARDE

Every special collection has a distinct personality that is a combination of its contents and the people who work with it. Such is the case with the Franklin Furnace Archive. Everything in Franklin Furnace is a special collection. The institution is governed by a type of reverse Darwinism best described as “survival of everything.” Right now the archive is storing all the virtual material that it produces and presents on the Internet. Not long ago, any physical material that walked through the door was given an accession number and stuffed into a Hollinger record storage box. Eventually, all those boxes . . .
Anti-interleukin-17 treatment of psoriasis

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory dermatosis, affecting 2–3% of the US population. While first-generation cytokine antagonists targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent pathways have produced favorable responses in the treatment of psoriasis, higher levels of efficacy in a greater proportion of patients have been shown in trials with antibodies targeting interleukin (IL)-17A and the IL-17 receptor subunit. This examines the role of IL-17 inhibitors in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The efficacy and safety results from the phase-3 trials with monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17RA (brodalumab) and IL-17A (ixekizumab and secukinumab) validate IL-17 as a highly effective therapeutic target for the treatment of plaque psoriasis.
Specificity of C-reactive protein for choline phosphate residues of pneumococcal C-polysaccharide.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein appearing in the serum of man during various pathological conditions, and frequently employed as a clinical index of acute inflammation. It is precipitated from the serum by pneumococcal C-polysaccharide in the presence of Ca ions. Although this precipitation reaction, which led to the discovery of CRP, has been known for many years, there is little information about the active site(s) in the molecule of C-polysaccharide participating in the reaction with CRP. It has been recently reported that choline phosphate is a unit of the macro-molecular structure of C-polysaccharide (1, 2). In an attempt to determine the specificity of CRP for choline phosphate residues of C-polysaccharide, we conducted quantitative inhibition studies of CRP-C-polysaccharide precipitation. The substances tested for inhibitory effect included choline phosphate and a series of organic phosphate menoesters. The results of these experiments indicated that choline phosphate is the most...
Fluorene-based Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Specific Biomolecule Labeling and Oligopeptide Conjugation

Two-photon absorbing amine-reactive fluorenyl-based probes were synthesized for biomolecule labeling and oligopeptide conjugation. Conventional and two-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging of H1299 and HeLa cells, incubated with novel efficient two-photon absorbing fluorescent probes, is demonstrated.
Chapter 16 – Antihistamine Drugs

The term antihistamine refers to drugs that antagonize the actions of histamine. Histamine plays a pivotal role in allergic inflammation. It is released by the human immune system during allergic reactions, causing itching, swelling, and congestion, stimulating gastric secretion and constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, and dilating blood vessels, which causes a fall in blood pressure. It is involved also in the regulation of basic body functions, including energy and endocrine homeostasis, cognition and memory, and the sleep–wake cycle. Histamine exerts its effects through its interaction with four major types of receptors (H1, H2, H3, H4) belonging to the superfamily of G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). H1 and H2 receptors are widely expressed, in contrast to H3- and H4-receptors. All four are structurally similar and are classified as GPCRs. H1 antihistamines were and remain the first-line medications for the treatment of allergic diseases, rhinoconjunctivitis and urticarial 16.; 17.; 18.; 19.; 20.; 21.; 22.; 23.; 24. ; 25.. H2 histamine drugs antagonize the action of histamine in stimulating acid secretion and in blocking other stimulants of acid secretion and are used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease. H3-blocking antihistamines could be useful in treating of variety mental health conditions such as Alzheimer disease (dementia), attention-deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia, as well as epilepsy, narcolepsy, obesity, pain, and rhinitis. There are no H3-antagonist drugs available in the pharmaceutical market, although some compounds have reached and passed different stages of clinical trials. H4-receptor antagonists have shown efficacy in a variety of inflammatory animal models, including peritonitis, colitis, and airway inflammation models. These data suggest that the H4 receptor is an attractive target for possible treatment of inflammation, allergy, and asthma. Two H1-antihistamine drugs, the second-generation olopatadine and the third-generation levocetirizine, are included in the list of Top 200 Drugs by sales for the 2010s.
Analyzing the Prospects of the Unrelated Business Income Tax and §501(c)(3) on Division I Athletic Activities

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) member schools are generally exempt from paying any income tax on profits made from athletics each year because their missions primarily focus on charitable goals such as education and sportsmanship. However, recent activity from several schools has begun to blur the lines between a for -profit company and that which justifies a tax -exemption as an educational institution. Some critics argue for -profit and profit -making athletic departments should be taxed using the Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT), which examines if certain business activities are related to the purpose of an exempt organization or more in-line with a for -profit company. With this concept in mind, we look to see if some of the latest business activities and ventures implemented by intercollegiate athletic departments are protected or subject to the UBIT.
A Phase II Evaluation of a 3-Drug Combination of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil and of 5-Fluorouracil in Patients with Advanced Bladder Carcinoma or Stage D Prostatic Carcinoma*

AbstractThe Southeastern Cancer Study Group has evaluated 5-fluorouracil administered intravenously weekly at a dosage of 600mg. per M.2 as a single agent, and the 3-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the bladder and of the prostate previously untreated with cytotoxic chemotherapy in a prospectively randomized phase II study. In 4 of 18 patients with bladder carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response, and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 3 of 21 patients. In patients with prostatic carcinoma 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response as measured by a 50 per cent decrease in prostatic acid phosphatase determined in a central reference laboratory in 3 of 25 patients and objective stability by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria in 14 of 29 patients. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil induced an objective response in 7 of 22 patients and objective stab...
410 Effects of commercial formaldehyde inclusion and lysine level on nursery pig performance.

Citation: Sica, L. G., Cochrane, R. A., Woodworth, J. C., Dritz, S. S., Stark, C. R., & Jones, C. K. (2016). Effects of commercial formaldehyde inclusion and lysine level on nursery pig performance. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 191-192. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-410
Application of a Knowledge Management System to a Dropwise Additive Manufacturing System for Pharmaceuticals

Abstract The Knowledge Provenance Management System, KProMS captures the complete provenance of knowledge of a structured activity by modeling the details of the associated knowledge generation steps of that activity as workflows. Its unique workflow representation captures relationships between the processing steps and material and information flows, and data input and output. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of KProMS to manage and analyze experimental data for an innovative test bed for manufacturing drug products using drop-wise additive manufacturing. The drop-wise additive manufacturing system (DAMPP) uses drop-on-demand printing technology for depositing various drug formulations onto edible substrates. DAMPP requires and generates a range of data types, including camera and IR images, spectra and numerical parameter values, both of real time and off-line nature and thus serves as rich illustration of KProMS capabilities to serve as knowledge management framework.
Bayesian and Evidential Paradigms

The first step is to distinguish two questions: 1. Given the data, what should we believe, and to what degree? 2. What kind of evidence do the data provide for a hypothesis H 1 as against an alternative hypothesis H 2 , and how much? We call the first the “confirmation”, the second the “evidence” question. Many different answers to each have been given. In order to make the distinction between them as intuitive and precise as possible, we answer the first in a Bayesian way: a hypothesis is confirmed to the extent that the data raise the probability that it is true. We answer the second question in a Likelihoodist way, that is, data constitute evidence for a hypothesis as against any of its rivals to the extent that they are more likely on it than on them. These two simple ideas are very different, but both can be made precise, and each has a great deal of explanatory power. At the same time, they enforce corollary distinctions between “data” and “evidence”, and between different ways in which the concept of “probability” is to be interpreted. An Appendix explains how our likelihoodist account of evidence deals with composite hypotheses.
High order super nested arrays

Mutual coupling between sensors has a negative impact on the estimation of directions of arrival (DOAs). Sparse arrays such as nested arrays, coprime arrays, and minimum redundancy arrays (MRAs) have less mutual coupling than uniform linear arrays (ULAs). These sparse arrays also have a difference coarray of size O(N2), where N is the number of sensors, and can therefore resolve O(N2) uncorrelated source directions. The various sparse arrays proposed in the literature have their pros and cons. The nested array is practical and easy to use but has a dense ULA part which suffers from mutual coupling effects like the traditional ULA. The recently introduced super nested arrays reduce this mutual coupling problem, while maintaining the desirable hole-free O(N2) difference coarray of the nested array. In this paper, a generalization of super nested arrays is introduced, called the Qth-order super nested array. This has all the properties of the second-order super nested array with the additional advantage that mutual coupling effects are further reduced for Q > 2. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the superior performance of these arrays.1
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome with Mononucleosis

Five children with “Alice in Wonderland” syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis are reported from Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Efficacy and Safety of Continuous Expression of An Improved Variant of FVIIa On Murine Hemostasis with or without Inhibitors to Human Factor IX.

Abstract Abstract 2466 Poster Board II-443 Recombinant human activated Factor VII (rhFVIIa) is extensively used in the management of hemophilic inhibitor patients. As an alternative, using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector as a delivery vehicle for an engineered transgene for activated canine FVII (cFVIIa), our large animal studies in hemophilia A and B dogs demonstrated effective, long-term hemostasis and elimination of the bleeding episodes. However, the relatively high vector doses required for efficacy underscores the need for improvements in the delivery vector and/or the transgene itself. To address this, we decided to investigate whether changes in the catalytic domain of FVIIa can improve its coagulant activity, thus resulting in lowering of the effective vector dose. Using the murine version of our engineered FVIIa (mFVIIa) as a backbone, we generated a variant with four amino-acid substitutions in the catalytic domain of murine FVIIa (L305V/A314E/K337A/I374Y, mFVIIa-VEAY), based on an existing enhanced activity human FVIIa variant. As we have previously described (Amer. Soc. Hematol. Meeting 2006, #3276; Amer. Soc. Gene Cell Ther. Meeting 2008, #127), purified mFVIIa-VEAY exhibited 6-7 fold higher intrinsic coagulant activity than mFVIIa. The hemostatic properties relative to mFVIIa were determined following AAV-mediated gene delivery in hemophilia A (HA) mice. Administration of AAV-mFVIIa-VEAY at 40-100 fold lower vector dose (1.2 - 3E10 vector genomes [vg]/mouse) than AAV-mFVIIa (1.2E12 vg/mouse, High dose) resulted in ∼10-fold lower expression of the mFVIIa-VEAY (based on RNA transcript levels), but was sufficient to result in long-term (>12 weeks) normalization of the hemophilic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), similar to that seen with high dose AAV-mFVIIa (P>0.05). In addition, it improved hemostasis similar to that seen with AAV-mFVIIa following in vivo hemostatic challenges (tail clip assay and ferric chloride carotid artery injury). As an extension of these studies, we have now investigated the ability of low-dose mFVIIa-VEAY gene delivery to improve hemostasis in the presence of inhibitory antibodies to human Factor IX (hFIX). Using an adjuvant, we developed a protocol for generating persistent (>3 months, ongoing) inhibitory antibodies to human Factor IX (hFIX) in hemophilia B (HB) mice. Using the low dose of 3E10 vg/mouse, we administered AAV-mFVIIa-VEAY in HB mice with high titer (7-30 Bethesda units [BU]) to hFIX. In agreement with our previous results, following gene transfer, we observed normalization of the hemophilic aPTT at the expression plateau (4 weeks [ongoing]; P>0.05 vs. wildtype mice; P 0.05), HA mice treated with low-dose mFVIIa-VEAY (∼40ng/ml, P>0.05) or HA mice treated with AAV-mFVIIa (∼35ng/ml, P Disclosures: High: Novo Nordisk: Grant Review Panel.
Ablation of Gpx4 in Forebrain Neurons Leads to Ferroptotic Cell Death and Cognitive Impairment

Synaptic loss and neuron death are the underlying drivers of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the modalities of cell death remain unclear. Although apoptosis has long been considered the major mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD, inconclusive results of clinical trials and pathological data indicate that non-apoptotic cell-death mechanisms may also be involved. Ferroptosis is a newly identified oxidative cell-death pathway regulated by lipid peroxidation that promotes inflammation. Recently, our lab found that motor neurons are particularly susceptible to ferroptosis in vivo . Here, we investigated whether neurons in forebrain regions that are severely afflicted in AD patients (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) might also be vulnerable to ferroptosis. To this end, we deleted the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 exclusively in fore B rain neurons of 3 month old mice using a novel tamoxifen- I nducible K nock O ut model ( Gpx4 BiKO). At 12 weeks post Gpx4 knockout, the mice exhibited significant deficits in spatial learning and memory versus control mice as determined by Morris water maze task. Hippocampal tissues from Gpx4 BiKO mice also showed reduced levels of neural marker proteins NeuN, Synaptophysin, and SNAP25 indicating the occurrence of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, classical markers of apoptosis such as activation of caspase-3 were absent while several markers associated with ferroptosis were pronounced in both hippocampus and cortex of Gpx4 BiKO mice. These features, which included elevated lipid peroxidation (4-HNE adducts), elevated gliosis (GFAP, Iba1), increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation strongly suggested that neurodegeneration in Gpx4 BiKO mice occurred via ferroptosis. Knowing that vitamin-E has anti-ferroptotic properties, we next examined the effects of vitamin-E deficiency on the rate of neurodegeneration in Gpx4 BiKO mice. As expected, Gpx4 BiKO on VED exhibited a noticeably expedited rate of hippocampal neurodegeneration appearing at 2 weeks post Gpx4 ablation. Taken together, our results indicate that forebrain neurons are indeed susceptible to ferroptosis and that ferroptosis may be an important degenerative mechanism of neurons in AD.
Comparative analysis of parallel OPIR compression on space processors

Requirements for higher video quality in space applications continuously calls for increased resolution in imaging sensors, higher bit-depth codecs, more creative solutions for preprocessing and compression techniques, and faster, yet resilient, space-grade platforms. Understanding how these variables interact and affect each other on different platforms is crucial in system development when trying to meet requirements and constraints, such as compression speed, compression ratio (CR), image quality, bandwidth, etc. To analyze this interaction, we present a comparative analysis between compression speed and compression ratio using serial and parallel compression codes on different platforms and architectures, focusing upon video data from overhead-persistent infrared (OPIR) sensors on spacecraft. Previous research allowed us to compare CR and image quality with new preprocessing techniques, but it did not evaluate and address the challenges of compression speed on space-grade processors. Performance is critical, since of course the preprocessing and compression codes plus downlink of compressed data must require less total time than downlink of the raw data, in order for compression to be fully effective.
Towards a social functional account of laughter: Acoustic features convey reward, affiliation, and dominance.

Recent work has identified the physical features of smiles that accomplish three tasks fundamental to human social living: rewarding behavior, establishing and managing affiliative bonds, and negotiating social status. The current work extends the social functional account to laughter. Participants (N = 762) rated the degree to which reward, affiliation, or dominance (between-subjects) was conveyed by 400 laughter samples acquired from a commercial sound effects website. Inclusion of a fourth rating dimension, spontaneity, allowed us to situate the current approach in the context of existing laughter research, which emphasizes the distinction between spontaneous and volitional laughter. We used 11 acoustic properties extracted from the laugh samples to predict participants’ ratings. Actor sex moderated, and sometimes even reversed, the relation between acoustics and participants’ judgments. Spontaneous laughter appears to serve the reward function in the current framework, as similar acoustic properties guided perceiver judgments of spontaneity and reward: reduced voicing and increased pitch, increased duration for female actors, and increased pitch slope, center of gravity, first formant, and noisiness for male actors. Affiliation ratings diverged from reward in their sex-dependent relationship to intensity and, for females, reduced pitch range and raised second formant. Dominance displayed the most distinct pattern of acoustic predictors, including increased pitch range, reduced second formant in females, and decreased pitch variability in males. We relate the current findings to existing findings on laughter and human and non-human vocalizations, concluding laughter can signal much more that felt or faked amusement.
The Hidden Cost of Cancer: Helping Clients Cope with Financial Toxicity

Financial toxicity is a term that is increasingly used in the medical literature to describe objective and subjective measures of financial strain that many people with cancer face as a result of costly care and treatment. The author first reviews the literature for evidence of financial toxicity and its impact on quality of life, especially anxiety and depression. Maslow’s (Motivation and personality, 2nd edn., Harper & Row, New York, 1970) hierarchy of needs is then presented as a theoretical basis for the impact of financial stress on clients’ ability to cope with their cancer experience. Finally, a clinical vignette illustrates the double burden of cancer and financial strain, highlighting the need to assess for and address financial hardship as a key part of our clinical practice. Psychosocial interventions—such as problem-solving, cognitive-behavioral therapy, family and group support, and meaning-centered therapy—may be utilized to decrease cancer-related distress, even when financial toxicity cannot be fully alleviated. Once financial obstacles are identified and acknowledged, however, the pathway to effective coping is clearer.
Editorial Commentary: We Need to Customize Surgical Treatment When Treating Patients With Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Abstract Surgical repair of shoulder instability is challenging, and multiple procedures have been proposed. In an attempt to reduce risk of recurrence following surgical reconstruction, some surgeons have added steps to prior arthroscopic procedures, and other surgeons have selected a bone reinforcement procedure. These additional augmented repair techniques have reduced the risk of postoperative recurrence, but introduced additional risk of complications related to hardware, fixation, and possible need for additional surgery. Surgeons should become familiar with multiple surgical procedures to treat patients with recurrent shoulder instability, and select the appropriate procedure that addresses the demands of the athlete's shoulder and minimize the risk of complication.
Sub-Cycle Effects in Carrier-Envelope-Phase-Sensitive Photoemission from Plasmonic Nanoparticles

We study carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive (CEP-sensitive) photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticles illuminated with few-cycle laser pulses of varying intensity. The CEP-sensitive photocurrent exhibits antiresonant-like behavior due to competing emission from different optical half-cycles.
Pituitary and Pituitary Region Tumors: Fractionated Radiation Therapy Perspective

Fractionated radiotherapy for pituitary tumors and tumors arising in the parasellar region has been used for a century. The multidisciplinary nature of optimal management of tumors of the anterior skull base has been clearly established; the expertise of endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, neuroradiologists, neuroophthalmologists, and laboratory medicine specialists are all commonly required to optimally manage tumors that arise in the pituitary or pituitary region. The skull base structures surrounding the pituitary gland are anatomically complex [1]. The proximity of a number of important vascular structures and cranial nerves makes a surgical approach to tumors arising in the pituitary region complex; accordingly, complete resections with acceptable operative morbidity can be difficult to achieve. Iatrogenic damage may occur during the treatment of an anterior skull base tumor that may result in endocrinologic, visual, or other neurologic deficits. Radiation can induce second tumors and cause endocrine insufficiencies. It is easy to appreciate the potential of iatrogenic damage to decrease the quality of life for patients that may live for decades after an intervention.
Chapter 60 – Genomics and Microarrays

This chapter discusses genomics and microarrays. DNA microarray is the principal technology driving the advances in functional genomics. Systematically developed in the 1990s with technical contributions from a number of researchers in academia and industry, the microarray allows for high throughput genomic analysis that is simultaneously relatively inexpensive, comprehensive, and systematic. The technology is based on the simple principles of DNA binding and specificity: a given DNA strand will preferentially bind to its complement. It logically follows, then, that to qualify genes expressed in a given cellular sample at a given time, a collection of sample genetic material can be hybridized to a reference sample containing all the known, possible complements. The expressed genes bind to their reference counterparts and, utilizing schemes for visualization, a glimpse into the spatial and temporal genetic profile of a biologic sample is possible. Advantages and disadvantages of microarray analysis are explained. Uses of microarray technology are briefly described.
Is the Dormant Commerce Clause Expendable? A Response to Edward Zelinsky

Professor Edward Zelinsky has proposed that courts abandon the dormant Commerce Clause doctrine's (DCCD) bar against discriminatory state laws, at least in cases involving state taxes. He argues that the anti-discrimination principle is incoherent at its core because the case law treats subsidies, which have economically identical effects to taxes and tax credits, differently. More generally he argues that it makes no sense to describe one set of taxes as "discriminatory" and another set as "non-discriminatory" when all taxes differentiate between in-state and out-of-state taxpayers - between those subject to the taxing jurisdiction of the state and those that are not. If Professor Zelinsky is correct, then it seems that the anti-discrimination principle should be discarded in non-tax cases as well. In fact, Professor Zelinsky seems to recognize where the logic of his critique leads: to the elimination of the DCCD altogether. But this radical change does not worry him; he assures us that the DCCD is no longer necessary. Political safeguards exist that render the DCCD obsolete, he argues. In this essay, I take issue with both Professor Zelinsky's core argument - that the antidiscrimination principle is incoherent - and his assurances that political safeguards could substitute for judicial enforcement of the DCCD. Part I outlines Professor Zelinsky's main argument against the anti-discrimination principle. Part II explains why Professor Zelinsky's critique and his solution is not a modest one, but rather, taken seriously, means the end of the DCCD itself. Part III defends the anti-discrimination principle against charges of inconsistency and incoherence and argues that political safeguards are insufficient to warrant discarding the principle or the DCCD. A brief conclusion follows.
Case 7: Zone II Open Globe Injury from Cell Phone

A 72-year-old man presented with a Zone II open globe injury of the right eye due to accidental blunt trauma from turning into a cell phone quickly. The patient presented with hand motion vision and uveal prolapse through a scleral laceration 2 mm posterior to the limbus nasally. He underwent repair of the open globe injury followed by pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage with lensectomy and placement of a sulcus intraocular lens for a traumatic cataract. The patient ultimately achieved a visual acuity of 20/20 in the affected eye.
Abstract TP328: Ischemic Stroke Following Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Administration for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intro: There have been case reports of ischemic infarcts after treatment with prothrombotics for anticoagulation reversal following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), though there have bee...
Flagging and correcting non-spectral matrix interferences with spatial emission profiles and gradient dilution in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract Matrix interference remains one of the most daunting challenges commonly encountered in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In the present study, a method is described that enables identification and correction of matrix interferences in axial-viewed ICP-AES through a combination of spatial mapping and on-line gradient dilution. Cross-sectional emission maps of the plasma are used to indicate the presence of non-spectral (plasma-related and sample-introduction-related) matrix interferences. In particular, apparent concentrations of an analyte species determined at various radial locations in the plasma differ in the presence of a matrix interference, which allows the interference to be flagged. To correct for the interference, progressive, on-line dilution of the sample, performed by a gradient high-performance liquid-chromatograph pump, is utilized. The spatially dependent intensities of analyte emission are monitored at different levels of sample dilution. As the dilution proceeds, the matrix-induced signal variation is reduced. At a dilution where the determined concentrations become independent of location in the plasma, the matrix interference is minimized.
Comparison of Radar Chirp Echo Separation Algorithms in Fractional Fourier Transform Domains

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is a powerful tool that utilizes the entire time-frequency plane (known as the Wigner Distribution) to separate signals-of-interest (SOIs) from interference, clutter, and noise in non-stationary environments. This two-dimensional space provides many more degrees of freedom than operating in the single dimensions of time or frequency alone. Usage requires estimation of the rotational parameter ‘a’, which is typically chosen to optimize some performance criteria, such as minimizing the mean-square error between a desired SOI and its estimate. One application of great interest is in separating multiple moving radar target echoes in a cluttered and noisy environment. The FrFT is highly suited for this problem because echoes from moving targets are chirps, so at some value of ‘a’ the chirps become tones. Over the years, many algorithms have been developed to compute ‘a’ and then separate the target echoes. In this paper, we compare three previously proposed algorithms ([1] and [2], [16], and [15]). We show that the performance of the algorithm in [15] can more accurately compute ‘a’ and is the simplest and most robust algorithm; the resultant root mean-square error (RMSE) between the true and estimated target echo is at least one order of magnitude better. We demonstrate this using up to three simultaneous moving targets in clutter for signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs) from 0 to 10 dB when the weakest target is 0.25 to 10 dB below the strongest, assumed without loss of generality to be the SOI.
Rethinking Static Analysis by Combining Discrete and Continuous Reasoning.

Static analyses predominantly use discrete modes of logical reasoning to derive facts about programs. Despite significant strides, this form of reasoning faces new challenges in modern software applications and practices. These challenges concern not only traditional analysis objectives such as scalability, accuracy, and soundness, but also emerging ones such as tailoring analysis conclusions based on relevance or severity of particular code changes, and needs of individual programmers.
Tuning inertial nonlinearity for passive nonlinear vibration control

This paper examines the viability of completely passive control approach based on multiple timescale perturbation methods to elicit desired dynamic cancellation or suppression of nonlinear vibration characteristics. Without appeal to feedback, auxiliary oscillating systems, or nonlinear energy sinks, we demonstrate how inertial nonlinearity balancing can more simply realize distortion-free vibrational responses that are robust to very strong forcing amplitudes across resonant, super-harmonic, and sub-harmonic excitation frequencies as well as opportunities to passively suppress hysteresis, cusp-fold bifurcations, and higher harmonics. Of particular merit are the variegated results concerning critical design points for passive control of sub-harmonic resonances. To most simply capture the essence and broad relevance of the approach, we focus upon a variant of the Duffing oscillator that describes moderately large amplitude vibration of a cantilever beam, various link systems, and kinematically constrained particle motion. The results herein are anticipated to be the most relevant to NEMS/MEMS- based sensing research and technology as well as vibration-based mechanical energy harvesting or mechanical filtering.
Semicompatibilism and Moral Responsibility for Actions and Omissions: In Defence of Symmetrical Requirements

Although convinced by Frankfurt-style cases that moral responsibility does not require the ability to do otherwise, semicompatibilists have not wanted to accept a parallel claim about moral respons...
Developing the Pressure-Temperature-Magnetic Field Phase Diagram of Multiferroic [(CH3)2NH2]Mn(HCOO)3.

We combined Raman scattering and magnetic susceptibility to explore the properties of [(CH3)2NH2]Mn(HCOO)3 under compression. Analysis of the formate bending mode reveals a broad two-phase region s...
Abstract 3048: Murine-derived colorectal cancer organoid culture high-throughput drug screening to identify novel combinations targeting PIK3CA mutant cancers

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment is becoming increasingly individualized as clinical mutation profiling is a standard of care. Oncogenic mutations of the PIK3CA gene induce a constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with downstream effects that promote tumor initiation and progression. Effective clinical therapeutic strategies targeting this subtype of colorectal cancer have remained elusive. Here we develop a high-throughput organoid drug screening platform to examine combination strategies targeting PIK3CA mutant CRC. Methods: Murine-derived CRC organoids (MDCOs) were derived from a transgenic mouse model of PIK3CA and APC mutated colorectal cancer (F1 (FVBxB6) Apcfl/+ Pik3caH1047R), matured for 48 hours and plated in 96 well plates. A total of 96 compounds chosen from clinically available anticancer drugs and select drugs in clinical development were analyzed for their efficacy in reducing organoid growth on their own, as well as in combination with copanlisib (PI3K/MTOR inhibitor) over 48 hours. Select treatments were confirmed using our standard 24 well plate assay. Additionally, irinotecan (SN38; topoisomerase-I inhibitor), panitumumab (EGFR inhibitor), and olaparib (PARP inhibitor) were investigated alone and in combination with copanlisib based on clinical use for this population or recent promising clinical trial data. Results: SN38, olaparib, and panitumumab yielded insignificant changes in spheroid size in the combination regimen compared to copanlisib alone (median relative change in organoid diameter - copanlisib -8%, p Conclusion: Advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer allow for a more precise approach to cancer treatment. High-throughput techniques are needed to better identify novel treatment strategies for molecular subtypes. Here we describe a label free murine-derived cancer organoid method to screen drugs for combination treatment strategies. Citation Format: Alyssa K. DeZeeuw, Rebecca A. DeStefanis, Gioia Sha, Cheri A. Pasch, Linda Clipson, Dustin A. Deming. Murine-derived colorectal cancer organoid culture high-throughput drug screening to identify novel combinations targeting PIK3CA mutant cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3048.
Impact of an Online Course of Teaching Emergent Bilinguals Mathematics on Teacher Perspectives

We investigated how an online course designed for teachers to learn how to teach mathematics for emergent bilinguals can change teachers’ beliefs toward emergent bilinguals, especially in terms of culturally responsive mathematics teaching. Using qualitative pre- and post-surveys and the modified culturally responsive mathematics teaching framework, we examined 27 teachers’ responses within five domains: cognitive demand, mathematical discourse, power and participation, academic language support, and funds of knowledge. The results showed both preservice and in-service teachers tended to shift their beliefs from deficit to asset-based views.
Large thermal conductivity of boron suboxides despite complex structures

Boron suboxides (B6O) were identified to be a superhard material, and their stiff bonds are expected to give large thermal conductivity. But their complex crystal structures suggest otherwise. Using first-principles calculations, we show that both α- and β-B6O have unusually high lattice thermal conductivities of 284.9 and 207.1 W/(m K), respectively, at room temperature, despite their complex structures. Our detailed phonon analysis attributed the dominant factor of its large thermal conductivity to the strong bond strength. Their large group velocities result from the strong bonding and light atomic mass, while their large phonon lifetimes can be explained by small anharmonicity and limited scattering phase space. Our results show that materials with complex unit cells like α- and β-B6O can still have high thermal conductivity. The combination of large thermal conductivity and an excellent physical hardness makes B6O a promising material for lightweight, multifunctional thermal management applications.
Entropy Pair Functional Theory: Direct Entropy Evaluation Spanning Phase Transitions.

We prove that, within the class of pair potential Hamiltonians, the excess entropy is a universal, temperature-independent functional of the density and pair correlation function. This result extends Henderson’s theorem, which states that the free energy is a temperature dependent functional of the density and pair correlation. The stationarity and concavity of the excess entropy functional are discussed and related to the Gibbs–Bugoliubov inequality and to the free energy. We apply the Kirkwood approximation, which is commonly used for fluids, to both fluids and solids. Approximate excess entropy functionals are developed and compared to results from thermodynamic integration. The pair functional approach gives the absolute entropy and free energy based on simulation output at a single temperature without thermodynamic integration. We argue that a functional of the type, which is strictly applicable to pair potentials, is also suitable for first principles calculation of free energies from Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics performed at a single temperature. This advancement has the potential to reduce the evaluation the free energy to a simple modification to any procedure that evaluates the energy and the pair correlation function.