cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Full-Time Dental Hygiene Faculty Participation in Clinical Practice

The purpose of this research project was to determine how many U.S. dental hygiene (DH) programs had full-time (FT) faculty members who provided direct patient care in addition to clinical supervision duties. Questions in this project also assessed attitudes and opinions of directors regarding faculty clinical practice and opportunities for salary supplementation. A questionnaire of 20 open and close ended questions was designed on Survey Monkey, an online survey engine. After IRB approval and pilot testing, 278 U.S. DH program directors received two emails requesting their participation in the project, along with a direct link to the questionnaire. A response rate of 69.1% was achieved with 192 program directors responding. Results revealed that 14.2% of the programs required FT DH faculty members to provide direct patient care while 67.0% of the programs had faculties who participated. The primary clinical setting was a private dental practice (90.3%). 83.3 % of the programs indicated FT faculty members were compensated for providing direct patient care, and in 95.1% of these programs FT faculties received compensation in addition to their university base salary. 95.4% of directors indicated maintaining clinical skills is an advantage of faculty participation in direct patient care, and 48% of directors indicated participation in direct patient care takes time away from the primary role of an educator. Bivariate analyses were performed in order to acquire correlations using the Chi-square test when both variables being compared were nominal. The Mantel-Haenszel row mean score test was used when a nominal and ordinal variable were being compared. Statistically significant data revealed that respondents from a college / university with a dental school (28%) were more likely to require FT faculties to participate in direct patient care (p-value=0.016). Compared to two-year college respondents (69.3%), respondents from a college / university with a dental school (95.5%) were more likely to agree that faculties should be given the opportunity to provide direct patient care while teaching in DH education (p-value=0.0069). In conclusion, DH faculties are fulfilling their professional development requirement as mandated by the Accreditation Standards for DH Education Programs by participating in direct patient care.
An investigation of hearing lose in workers in small to medium scale chemical enterprise

Objective To study the impact of noise pollution on the workers working in the small to medium scale chemical enterprise and explore the preventive strategy.Methods A case-control study was carried out.120 occupational noise-exposed workers were selected into the case group and 97 in the control group.Results There was a significant difference between the two groups on the incidence of hearing loss caused by high-frequency noise,and the rates of hearing loss in word-frequency and high frequency loss were significant different from each other in different working age.Conclusion Working environment with noise intensities between 81.8-91.4 dB(A) may cause hearing loss.the loss of word frequency hearing and high-frequency hearing tender to be worse along with the working years especially for high frequencies-hearing,thus we should strength the health and personal protection among the small and medium size chemical enterprise.
Mouse genetic background contributes to hepatocyte susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis

Liver disease progression is modulated by genetic modifiers in mouse strains and across human races and ethnicities. We hypothesized that hepatocyte culture duration and genetic background regulate hepatocyte susceptibility to apoptosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from FVB/N, C57BL/6, and C3H/He mice and cultured or treated with Fas ligand or acetaminophen after different culture times. Protein and mRNA expressions of Fas receptor, caspases-3/7/8, and Bak/Bax/Bid proteins were determined. FVB/N hepatocytes manifested rapid decreases of caspases-3/7 but not caspase-8 as culture time increased, which paralleled decreased susceptibility to apoptosis. Some changes were also found in Fas-receptor and Bak, Bax, and Bid proteins; caspase mRNA decreases were also noted. Caspase protein degradation was partially reversed by lysosomal protease but not proteasome or autophagy inhibitors. C57BL/6 and FVB/N hepatocytes behaved similarly in their limited susceptibility to apoptosis, whereas C3H/He hepatocytes show limited alterations in caspases, with consequent increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Similarly, C3H/He mice were more susceptible than C57BL/6 and FVB/N mice to Fas-mediated liver injury. Therefore there are significant mouse strain-dependent differences in susceptibility to apoptosis and selective loss of caspases upon short-term hepatocyte culture, with consequent decrease in susceptibility to apoptosis. These differences likely reflect genetic modifiers that provide resistance or predisposition to hepatocyte death.
The coevolution of economic institutions and sustainable consumption via cultural group selection

Abstract Empirical research has identified various institutions that improve resource longevity by supporting individual resource conservation. However, the mechanisms by which these institutions emerge have not been established. We speculate that economic institutions which support resource conservation, such as property regimes and systems of production, may emerge via a process of cultural group selection amongst social-ecological systems. To explore this proposition, we develop a multilevel selection model of resource management institutions with endogenous group dynamics. The endogenous design permits us to determine whether a given social adaptation is due to individual or group-level evolution. We demonstrate how resource conservation and supporting economic institutions coevolve, and reveal when cultural group selection is involved. In the model, sustainable societies emerge in only a minority of cases. Simulations reveal that property norms facilitate sustainable outcomes most, followed by social group marking, and production norms. We describe the institutional transitions which occur along the evolutionary trajectory most likely to achieve sustainability. Analysis of the model reveals that when groups compete indirectly for survival in a harsh environment cultural group selection favors institutions that support resource conservation. However, when groups compete for abundant resources institutions emerge to support overconsumption.
Mice and the A-Bomb: Irradiation Systems for Realistic Exposure Scenarios

Validation of biodosimetry assays is normally performed with acute exposures to uniform external photon fields. Realistically, exposure to a radiological dispersal device or reactor leak will include exposure to low dose rates and likely exposure to ingested radionuclides. An improvised nuclear device will likely include a significant neutron component in addition to a mixture of high- and low-dose-rate photons and ingested radionuclides. We present here several novel irradiation systems developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry to provide more realistic exposures for testing of novel biodosimetric assays. These irradiators provide a wide range of dose rates (from Gy/s to Gy/week) as well as mixed neutron/photon fields mimicking an improvised nuclear device.
CHADS2 Score Predicts Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Elective Pulmonary Lobectomy.

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (PAF) affects 12% to 17% of patients undergoing lobectomy and is associated with increased morbidity. CHADS2 (congestive heart failure history, hypertension history, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus history, and stroke or transient ischemic attack symptoms previously) is used to predict stroke risk in patients with existing AF. It also has been shown also to predict new-onset PAF. Our objective was to determine whether CHADS2 can predict PAF in patients undergoing lobectomy. Methods A prospective thoracic surgery clinical database was reviewed to identify adult patients, without prior AF, who underwent elective lobectomy between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2014. Nonelective and combined operations were excluded. Two groups (PAF and no PAF) were analyzed. Results PAF developed in 113 of 933 patients with overall incidence of 12% for the entire group. Age (≥75 years) and coronary artery disease were the only significant preoperative characteristics between the two groups. Intensive care unit readmission, new neurologic events, length of stay, 30-day survival, and hospital mortality were significantly higher in the PAF group as were mean CHADS2 scores (1.4 and 1.1 respectively, p = 0.0014). Incidence of PAF ranged from 7.9% in low-risk groups to 11% in moderate-risk and 17.7% in high-risk groups, which was also significant, p Conclusions Although multiple risk factors for PAF have been described, no easily applicable clinical model exists. Observed rate of PAF was significantly lower then the previously described 12% when CHADS2 was 0. CHADS2 can predict PAF in patients undergoing elective lobectomy and can identify patients to selectively institute prophylactic measures in patients at the greatest risk, such as patients with score of 2 or greater. Further validation of this model is warranted in a larger group.
Student Counselors' Perceptions of Ethical Client Referrals

The 2014 ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association, 2014) distinguishes between competence-based and value-based referrals. This phenomenological research explored student counselors' (N = 10) perceptions of client referrals across a range of cognitive developmental positions. Findings indicated nuanced understandings of competence, values, referral processes, responsibilities of supervisors, and learning environments. Implications for counselor education and supervision are discussed.
The hybrid nature of Danaea plicata (Marattiaceae), a Costa Rican endemic

We present evidence that Danaea plicata, endemic to Costa Rica, is a hybrid between D. carillensis and D. crispa. The laminae of D. plicata are intermediate in several morphological characters between the two putative parents, and the spores of D. plicata are misshapen and collapsed. The stomatal density of D. plicata is intermediate between that of D. crispa, which has no stomata, and D. carillensis. Circumstantial evidence also supports hybrid origin: D. plicata occurs only within the elevational range of its putative parents, and it is often found growing with them. This is the second report of a hybrid in Danaea. A lectotype is designated for D. plicata .
Chemical Inducible dCas9-Guided Editing of H3K27 Acetylation in Mammalian Cells

The ability to edit specific epigenetic modifications at defined gene loci is pivotal to understand the biological function of these epigenetic marks. Here we describe a new inducible method to integrate the dCas9-based genome targeting with abscisic acid (ABA)-based chemically induced proximity (CIP) technologies to modify histone tail modifications at specific genome loci in living cells. ABA leads to rapid hetero-dimerization of the PYL and ABI proteins, which can be individually fused to dCas9 and a histone-modifying enzyme core domain. In the presence of ABA and locus-specific sgRNAs, this histone-modifying activity can be recruited to a specific genome locus to achieve histone editing with perfect temporal control. Herein, we describe the use of this technique in HEK293T cells to control the recruitment of the p300 acetyltransferase core domain to the human IL1RN locus to ectopically increase the acetylation of H3K27 and induce the expression of IL1RN gene.
Learning Statistics by Doing Statistics

To help students develop statistical reasoning, a traditional introductory statistics course was modified to incorporate a semester-long sequence of projects, with written and oral reports of the r...
P. Falzon (ed): Constructive Ergonomics

Classically, ergonomics focused on the interface between workers and their work environments, including machines and work processes, to optimize employee health, safety, performance, and productivity. Constructive or developmental ergonomics is a relatively new concept whose goals are to reduce or eliminate ergonomic obstacles and maximize opportunities [1]. Falzon asserted that ergonomics should emphasize employee development in terms of knowledge and skill to optimize outcomes. Constructive Ergonomics and its contributing authors proffered a framework for this new model of ergonomics that incorporated facets of economic and management theory. Constructive Ergonomics was organized into two sections: (1) resources and conditions for development and (2) dynamics of action and development. Section I focused on the development of employee skills, collective activities, psychosocial aspects of work, and organizational factors. Section II discussed interventions as dynamic processes, design and development of instruments, prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, project design, and other types of ergonomic analyses. Each chapter was logically organized, well-referenced, and written by experts in the field. Despite the book’s organization and authoritative authors, the writing style was not conducive to understanding and learning. As a result, it was difficult to grasp basic principles and key concepts being proposed for this futuristic model of ergonomics. The proposed articulation between ergonomics, economics, and capability theory was neither fully developed nor thought applicable to realworld situations. Constructive Ergonomics, which promoted an employee-centric model, may be a book ahead of its time. Although not recommended as a resource for ergonomists and other occupational health professionals engaged in workplace problems requiring immediate solutions; researchers and academicians in the field might find the book worthwhile since it provided new perspectives and advanced a number of unproven hypotheses. Even though developmental ergonomics is still in its infancy and its applicability to real-world scenarios is unknown, it is possible this new model could influence the future of ergonomics.
Expanding the sense of touch outside the body

Under normal circumstances, our sense of touch is limited to our body. Recent evidence suggests, however, that our perception of touch can also be expanded to objects we are holding when certain tactile illusions are elicited by delivering vibrotactile stimuli in a particular manner. Here, we examined whether an extra-corporeal illusory sense of touch could be elicited using vibrotactile stimuli delivered via two independent handheld controllers while in virtual reality. Our results suggest that under the right conditions, one's sense of touch in space can be extended outside the body, and even into the empty space that surrounds us. Specifically, we show, in virtual reality, that one's sense of touch can be extended to a virtual stick one is holding, and also into the empty space between one's hands. These findings provide a means with which to expand the sense of touch beyond the hands in VR systems using two independent controllers, and also have important implications for our understanding of the human representation of touch.
Creating the Safety and Respect Necessary for “Shared” Decision-making

Beyond the rhetoric of bioethics, patients and families need help facing tragic diagnoses and prognoses and coping with traumatic treatment options. In this article, I will draw from developmental psychology, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and bioethics to show what we are still missing about shared decision-making and how we can do better. Before we bring in new models of shared decision-making we need to ensure that doctors know how to create the foundational conditions for safe emotional communication. For pediatricians, this requires knowing enough about how adolescents process cognitive, affective and sensory information to avoid traumatizing their patients, knowing enough about the doctor’s own fears not to project them onto the patient, and providing the supportive others that help the teenager tolerate and process information that is otherwise intolerable. To fail to do so can lead to tragic outcomes.
Viability-based quantification of antibiotic resistance genes and human fecal markers in wastewater effluent and receiving waters.

Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue with links to environmental sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs from nonviable sources may pose a hazard given the potential for transformation whereas ARGs in viable sources may proliferate during host growth or conjugation. In this study, ARGs in the effluent from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the receiving surface waters were investigated using a viability-based qPCR technique (vPCR) with propidium monoazide (PMA). ARGs sul1, tet(G), and blaTEM, fecal indicator marker BacHum, and 16S rRNA gene copies/mL were found to be significantly lower in viable-cells than in total concentrations for WWTP effluent. Viable-cell and total gene copy concentrations were similar in downstream samples except for tet(G). Differences with respect to season in the prevalence of nonviable ARGs in surface water or WWTP effluent were not observed. The results of this study indicate that qPCR may overestimate viable-cell ARGs and fecal indicator genes in WWTP effluent but not necessarily in the surface water >1.8 km downstream.
Machine learning design of subwavelengh integrated photonic devices

Use of subwavelength metastructures opens new degrees of freedom to control and manipulate propagation of light in planar waveguide devices. This advantage comes with the cost of increased design complexity since more parameters must be simultaneously optimized. Here we show how machine learning dimensionality reduction can be used to obtain a compact representation of a multi-parameter design space revealing the relationship between different design parameters. This provides the designer with a global perspective on the design space and enables informed decisions based on the relative priorities of different performance metrics.
Mixed-methods research to evaluate a novel patient-centered cancer care coordination instrument.

280Background: Effective care coordination (CC) is a critical component of high-quality cancer care; however, efforts to improve cancer care coordination are hampered by limited patient-centered me...
Clinical Faceoff: Controversies in the Management of Distal Radius Fractures.

D istal radius fractures are among the most common fractures of the upper extremity, and account for approximately 20% of all fractures seen within the emergency room. The distal radius comprises of three articular surfaces, namely the scaphoid facet, lunate facet, and sigmoid notch. Treatment goals are centered on restoration of articular congruity, and where appropriate, early ROM with minimal complications to permit early functional recovery. Numerous fracture classifications exist which aim to define the fracture and guide treatment [1] (Fig. 1). Despite the frequency of these injuries, controversy exists about how best to manage them. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons practice guidelines on treatment of distal radius fractures recommend operative fixation for radial shortening greater than 3 mm, dorsal tilt greater than 10 from neutral, or intraarticular displacement greater than 2 mm [4]. To explore the controversies that are abound in terms of how to manage these injuries, it is my distinct pleasure to introduce two experts in the field of hand surgery. Ghazi Rayan MD is a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at University Oklahoma College of Medicine. Martin Boyer MD is the Jerome T. Loeb Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Washington University Medical School, St. Louis.
When is the Secure State-Reconstruction Problem Hard?

This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing the state of a linear time-invariant system from malicious sensor measurements. The first result establishes that this problem is, in general, NP-hard. We then identify classes of subproblems that can be solved in polynomial time. When there are at most s malicious sensors, the problem can be solved in polynomial time when each eigenvalue is observable by at least 2s+1 sensors. When each eigenvalue has geometric multiplicity one, this condition is equivalent to the system being 2s−sparse observable. In contrast, the situation becomes more nuanced when each eigenvalue is not observable by at least 2s+1 sensors, as we describe in detail in the paper.
qRT-PCR Platforms for Diagnosing and Reporting SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Samples

Summary The protocols herein outline the use of qRT-PCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA in patient samples. In order to cope with potential fluctuations in supply chain and testing demands and to enable expedient adaptation of reagents and assays on hand, we include details for three parallel methodologies (one- and two-step singleplex and one-step multiplex assays). The diagnostic platforms described can be easily adapted by basic science research laboratories for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing with relatively short turnaround time. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Vanuytsel et al. (2020) .
Muilla lordsburgana (Asparagaceae: Brodiaeoideae), a new species found north of Lordsburg, southwestern New Mexico

Muilla lordsburgana P.J.Alexander sp. nov. is described from eastern Lordsburg Mesa in the northwestern fringe of the Chihuahuan Desert, southwestern New Mexico. It is very similar to Muilla coronata, a species known in the Mojave Desert of California and a small area of adjacent Nevada. Compared to Muilla coronata, the style and stigma combined are longer, the anthers are longer, the fruits are larger, and the seeds are larger. It has a short flowering period in March, and is difficult or impossible to find at other times of the year. It is narrowly distributed, limited to a band of deep, coarse, sandy soils derived primarily from granite. Several species that are otherwise uncommon in the area also occur in this habitat, including Logfia depressa, Pectocarya platycarpa, and Plagiobothrys arizonicus. Invasive species, especially Erodium cicutarium in the winter annual flora, are generally dominant. Muilla lordsburgana has probably been overlooked until now because it is not easy to observe and occurs in habitats that are not attractive to botanists.
What If Your Parrot Outlives You? Preparing for Your Bird’s Future

Dogs, cats, parrots, and other pet animals play significant roles in the lives of many individuals. The bond between a pet owner and his or her companion is strong. It is of vital importance to include pets when a pet owner makes plans for disability and death. This article provides an overview of the techniques a pet owner should consider when planning his or her estate with emphasis on parrots.
Affinity-free enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) from patient-derived ascites

Developing a mass spectrometry-based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) is a desirable goal, because it may enable detection of molecular regions that are not recognized by antibodies and are therefore analytically silent in the current immunoassay. Additionally, the ability to characterize the CA125 proteoforms expressed by individuals may offer clinical insight. Enrichment of CA125 from malignant ascites may provide a high-quality source of this important ovarian cancer biomarker, but a reliable strategy for such enrichment is currently lacking. Beginning with crude ascites isolated from three individual patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer, we enriched for MUC16 using filtration, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography and then performed bottom-up proteomics on the isolated proteins. This approach of enrichment and analysis reveals that the peptides detected via mass spectrometry map to the SEA domain and C-loop regions within the tandem repeat domains of CA125 and that peptide abundance correlates with clinical CA125 counts.
Gauge enhanced quantum criticality and time reversal deconfined domain wall: SU(2) Yang-Mills dynamics with topological terms

This work shows that Lorentz symmetry enriched SU(2) Yang-Mills gauge theories with a $\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}$ topological term exhibit rich low energy dynamics, which are constrained by higher 't Hooft anomalies.
Inter-platform assessment of performance of high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract High throughput analysis is increasingly relevant in both industry and academia, with applications reaching from enzymology and drug discovery to organic reaction optimization and diagnostics. Currently, chromatography-free mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have acquired an important role in this field due to their inherent speed, versatility, and chemical specificity. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS is one of these approaches, which allows for direct analysis of complex samples in the ambient environment, with throughputs better than 1 sample per second and no need for sample treatment. Here we assess the evolution of the high throughput DESI-MS analytical performance from the early DESI source developed by Prosolia Inc. to the recently commercialized version of Waters Corporation. The evaluation was carried out through both quantitative and qualitative analysis of biologically relevant compounds including metabolites, peptides, lipids and pharmaceuticals. Our results indicate that both platforms are successful at the direct analysis of these species even from complex matrices such as bioassay buffers. However, the newest iteration of the DESI stage, when combined with a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) instrument, provides higher sensitivity (1-3 orders of magnitude lower limits of detection) and reproducibility (ca. 10% average reduction in coefficients of variation for quantitation using an internal standard). The cases explored in this study also showcase the broad applicability of high throughput DESI-MS for bioanalysis and quality control.
Low-volatility strategies for highly liquid cryptocurrencies

Abstract Managing extreme price fluctuations in cryptocurrency markets are of central importance for investors in this market segment. Using a sample of highly liquid cryptocurrencies from January 2017 to June 2021, this paper proposes a dynamic investment strategy that selects cryptocurrencies based on their historical volatility and is complemented by a simple stop-loss rule. Our results reveal that investing in highly concentrated low volatility cryptocurrency portfolios with six to twelve months volatility look-back and holding period generate statistically significant excess returns. By including a simple stop-loss rule, the downside risk of cryptocurrency portfolios is reduced markedly, and the Sharpe ratios are improved significantly.
Alliance of the Colored Peoples: Ethiopia and Japan before World War II

With the Japanese posing as the leader of the world's colored peoples before World War II, many Ethiopians turned to Japan for inspiration. By offering them commercial opportunities, by seeking their military support, and by reaching out to popular Japanese opinion, Ethiopians tried to soften the stark reality of a stronger Italy encroaching on their country. Europeans feared Japan's growing economic and political influence in the colonial world. Jealously guarding its claimed rights in Ethiopia against all comers, among Italy's reasons for going to war was the perceived need to blunt Japan's commercial and military advances into Northeast Africa. Meanwhile, throughout 1934 and the summer of 1935, Moscow worked hard and in ways contrary to its claimed ideological imperatives to make Collective Security work. Ethiopia was a small price to pay Italy for cooperation against Nazi Germany in Austria and Imperial Japan in China. 'Yellow' Japanese and 'black' Ethiopian collaboration before the war illuminates the pernicious and flexible use of race in international diplomacy. In odious terms, Italians used race to justify their actions as defending western and 'white' civilization. The Japanese used race to explain their tilt toward Ethiopia. The Soviets used race to justify their support for Italy until late 1935. Ethiopia used race to attract help, and 'colored' peoples worldwide rallied to Ethiopia's call. J. Calvitt Clarke III is Professor Emeritus of History at Jacksonville University, Florida.
"Faster, better, cheaper" technologies used in the attitude and information management subsystem for the Mars Pathfinder mission

The "Faster, Better, Cheaper" thrust at NASA/JPL has pushed new technologies into spacecraft designed for interplanetary missions. This is especially true for "Discovery" class missions such as Mars Pathfinder. This mission is set to send a lander and enclosed microrover to the surface of Mars for a "low cost". The Pathfinder flight system must be built for $150M (FY92 dollars) as compared to the two 1976 Viking missions costing $3.2 billion in 1992 dollars. Mars Pathfinder is designed to meet this budget and prove out technologies for long-term investigation of Mars and future low cost missions. The Pathfinder Flight System Attitude and Information Management (AIM) subsystem design takes advantage of numerous new parts, components, commercial equipment and software, and commercial and military standards to achieve its mission. Some of the new interplanetary spaceflight technologies include: commercial DC-DC converters; a hard VMEbus backplane; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); electrically erasable eROMs (EEPROMs); the VxWorks operating system; dynamic ICAMs in hermetically-sealed memory cards; and a rad-hardened, 22MIPS, RISC CPU. The insertion of these technologies has enabled the AIM subsystem to be built to support landing a low-cost Pathfinder spacecraft on Mars. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Pathfinder mission and the AIM subsystem and to provide a detailed description of the technologies listed above. >
What Lawrence Should Have Said: Reconstructing an Equality Approach

Despite being widely hailed as "the Brown of the gay rights movement," Lawrence v. Texas has had remarkably little impact on subsequent lesbian and gay rights litigation. This Comment begins by looking at why Lawrence has not had the substantial impact on subsequent same-sex marriage litigation that many hoped (and others feared) it would. Next, it describes some of the dangers and limitations that characterize the Lawrence opinion, apart from its relative inapplicability to subsequent gay rights litigation. The Comment then offers a discussion of equal protection theory and situates an alternative, sex equality approach to Lawrence in equal protection doctrine. The Comment contends that the proposed, alternative equal protection resolution to Lawrence could illuminate contemporary litigation over same-sex marriage by highlighting the centrality of sex inequality to lesbian and gay oppression. In conclusion, the Comment argues that while a fertile opportunity was lost when the Lawrence Court avoided issues of sex discrimination (and as a result, cases over same-sex marriage are mired in a impoverished discourse), the chance to develop a substantive discussion of overlooked sex equality issues in same-sex marriage litigation still exists and should be aggressively pursued.
The use of tetraethylammonium chloride in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer.

Summary Twelve patients with active duodenal ulcer who were having pain while being treated by diet, bed rest, sedation, and antispasmodics were given TEAC intramuscularly in doses up to 600 mg. Unpleasant side effects due to the drug were minimal. Pain due to ulcer was uniformly relieved. No alteration of gastrointestinal motility was noted by x-ray examination, but there appeared to be some diminution in the secretion of free acid. It is suggested that the relief of pain by the drug may be due to an alteration in the response of the circulation of the gastric mucosa.
High-content adhesion assay to address limited cell samples.

Cell adhesion is a broad topic in cell biology that involves physical interactions between cells and other cells or the surrounding extracellular matrix, and is implicated in major research areas including cancer, development, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. While current methods have contributed significantly to our understanding of cell adhesion, these methods are unsuitable for tackling many biological questions requiring intermediate numbers of cells (102–105), including small animal biopsies, clinical samples, and rare cell isolates. To overcome this fundamental limitation, we developed a new assay to quantify the adhesion of ∼102–103 cells at a time on engineered substrates, and examined the adhesion strength and population heterogeneity via distribution-based modeling. We validated the platform by testing adhesion strength of cancer cells from three different cancer types (breast, prostate, and multiple myeloma) on both IL-1β activated and non-activated endothelial monolayers, and observed significantly increased adhesion for each cancer cell type upon endothelial activation, while identifying and quantifying distinct subpopulations of cell–substrate interactions. We then applied the assay to characterize adhesion of primary bone marrow stromal cells to different cardiac fibroblast-derived matrix substrates to demonstrate the ability to study limited cell populations in the context of cardiac cell-based therapies. Overall, these results demonstrate the sensitivity and robustness of the assay as well as its ability to enable extraction of high content, functional data from limited and potentially rare primary samples. We anticipate this method will enable a new class of biological studies with potential impact in basic and translational research.
Growth of Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 thin films by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract Single-crystal Pb(Zr x Ti 1− x )O 3 thin films have been grown on (0 0 1) SrTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 :Nb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using metal-organic source of Zr and two different sources of reactive oxygen—RF plasma and hydrogen-peroxide sources. The same growth modes and comparable structural properties were observed for the films grown with both oxygen sources, while the plasma source allowed higher growth rates. The films with x up to 0.4 were single phase, while attempts to increase x beyond gave rise to the ZrO 2 second phase. The effects of growth conditions on growth modes, Zr incorporation, and phase composition of the Pb(Zr x Ti 1− x )O 3 films are discussed. Electrical and ferroelectric properties of the Pb(Zr x Ti 1− x )O 3 films of ~100 nm in thickness grown on SrTiO 3 :Nb were studied using current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, and polarization–field measurements. The single-phase films show low leakage currents and large breakdown fields, while the values of remanent polarization are low (around 5 μC/cm 2 ). It was found that, at high sweep fields, the contribution of the leakage current to the apparent values of remanent polarization can be large, even for the films with large electrical resistivity (∼10 8 –10 9 Ω cm at an electric filed of 1 MV/cm). The measured dielectric constant ranges from 410 to 260 for Pb(Zr 0.33 Ti 0.67 )O 3 and from 313 to 213 for Pb(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 in the frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz.
Sellars on the Function of Semantic Vocabulary

This paper examines two explanations Sellars gives, at successive stages of his career, of how semantic vocabulary (paradigmatically ‘means that … ’ and ‘is true if and only if … ’) lets us relate linguistic expressions to extra-linguistic reality. Despite their differences, both explanations reveal a distinctive pragmatist approach. According to Sellars, we do not use semantic vocabulary to describe language-world relations. Rather, our taking language to relate to the world is implicit in the moves (inferential or non-inferential) licensed by our semantic assertions. I argue that Sellars's discussions of the function of semantic vocabulary point to an overlooked position regarding the relation between the concepts of meaning and truth. According to him, the function of meaning ascriptions cannot be explained independently of the function of truth ascriptions. That is because the function of meaning ascriptions essentially involves licensing claims about the world when combined with truth ascriptions. If...
WDS-based layer 2 routing for wireless mesh networks

An increasing number of people today depend on the ability to connect to wireless network access points in a variety of situations. While one-hop access points were a suitable solution in the beginning, they suffered from problems such as low coverage area and over-load. One promising solution is the use of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This allows wireless access points to be placed in a very flexible fashion, so that they can extend wireless coverage into places that do not have easily accessible wired infrastructure. There are existing projects that examine some methods for deploying mesh access networks. For example, the MIT Roofnet project [1] has created a system that can easily add new access points at random, and incorporate them into a large scale mesh. However, we are more interested in a planned mesh network. In such a network, concepts like quality of service will be important, so a robust admission control scheme is necessary. This poster will present a foundational centralized routemanagement system for WMNs. Our scheme is based on the Wireless Distribution System (WDS). Our work has been an extension of the existing implementation of WDS in the MADWiFi driver for Atheros wireless LAN chipsets. We are interested in provisioning quality of service guarantees for planned WMNs being used as access networks, as well as providing fault tolerance. Very few admission control schemes have been proposed so far for WMNs, and most apply to the case of unplanned WMNs, using routing protocols developed for ad hoc networks. Planned WMNs are witnessing an increasing number of deployments across enterprises, universities and cities. These networks will require an effi-
The onset of bioconvection in a suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in a fluid layer of finite depth heated from below

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of heating from below on the stability of a suspension of motile gyrotactic microorganisms in a fluid layer of finite depth. This problem is relevant to a number of geophysical applications, such as investigation of the dynamics of some species of thermophiles (heat-loving microorganisms) living in hot springs. It is established that heating from below makes the system more unstable and helps the development of bioconvection. By performing a linear stability analysis, a correlation for the critical bioconvection Rayleigh number is obtained.
Large Deflection Behavior of Circular Quasi-isotropic Laminates Under Point Loading

Eight-ply quasi-isotropic circular composite plates of Thornel 300 graphite in Narmco 5208 epoxy resin (T300/5208) were analyzed to obtain the large deformation behavior under low-velocity impact-type point loads. A simple plate-membrane coupling model was developed. The impact-type point loads were replaced by equivalent quasistatic point loads. The plate-membrane coupling model was used to obtain the large deformation shapes for the thin circular composite laminates. The analyses indicated that the large deformation shapes of the composite plates under point loads vary with the center point displacements, and hence are different for different load levels. Quasi-isotropic plates were analyzed by replacing anisotropic bending stiffness components with the equivalent flexural stiffness for the isotropic plates. The plate-membrane coupling model was verified by conducting a series of tests on clamped, circular quasi-isotropic laminates. Deflected shapes and loaddisplacement curves for the thin composite plates were experimentally obtained. These deflected shapes and load-displacement curves agreed well with the analytical results obtained using the plate-membrane coupling model.
Finding Her Voice: Hillary Clinton's Rhetoric in the 2008 Presidential Campaign

“It's not that voters and her opponents think Clinton is experienced and competent, and they don't like or trust her. It's that they think she's experienced and competent and that's why they don't ...
Reflection and transmission of antiplane surface waves by a surface-breaking crack in a layered elastic solid

Abstract The reflection and transmission of antiplane surface waves (Love waves) by a surface-breaking crack in a layered elastic solid is investigated. The crack is normal to the free surface, and breaks into the lower half-space solid. The formulation of the problem is reduced to a singular integral equation of the Cauchy type. In this equation, the unknown function, which is the slope of the crack-face displacement, is discontinuous at the interface between the two solids. It is shown that the magnitude of the discontinuity is related to the ratio of the shear moduli. A Gaussian numerical method is used to obtain the solution of the singular integral equation. At some distance from the plane of the crack, the wave motion is the superposition of a finite number of Love-wave modes. The amplitudes of these modes are readily evaluated in terms of the slope of the crack-face displacement. Curves are presented for the reflection coefficients corresponding to the first three modes and for the transmission coefficient as functions of the dimensionless frequency.
Central serous chorioretinopathy: an analysis of the clinical morphology using image-processing techniques.

We used a digital image processor to make multiple measurements from the fluorescein angiograms of 53 cases of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) associated with single leaks. We determined the area of the base of each serous detachment, the location of its geometric center (CM), the area of the RPE leak, the distance from the fovea to the leak, and the distance from the leak to the CM. The distribution of leaks across the base of the detachments was nonrandom (P < 0.005) with leaks clustering near the centers of the detachments. When the leak was found within 1 disc diameter from the fovea, the center of the detachment was located virtually at the foveola, suggesting that the central macula is predisposed to the development of CSC. Detachments associated with “smokestack” leaks were significantly larger than those associated with round pinpoint leaks (P < 0.02).
Suboptimal dishonesty: rationality in the absence of strategic behavior in honesty experiments.

What compels honesty or dishonesty in individual decision-making? The “moral grace” hypothesis offers a possible explanation, according to which people are innately honest. In contrast, the “will” hypothesis suggests that people actively suppress dishonest behaviors, which arise naturally. A
Cancer Risk Communication with Low Health Literacy Patients: A Continuing Medical Education Program

BACKGROUND Low health literacy (HL) is an important risk factor for cancer health disparities.
Calculation of the optical spectra for graphite

Abstract The optical spectra of graphite is calculated over a range of 40 eV. The calculations are based on the ab initio self-consistent field energy band structure of graphite using norm-conserving pseudopotentials. The calculated ϵ(ω) is in excellent agreement with the results from reflectivity and electron energy loss measurements.
Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin—XVI: Accurate delineation of the single region in sequence 1–55 by immunochemical studies of synthetic peptides. Some conclusions concerining antigenic structures of proteins

Abstract In the preceding communication (Perlstein and Atassi, 1973), the reactive region in sequence 1–55 was shown to fall entirely within sequence 15–23. This work was aimed at the accurate delineation of the reactive region by studying the immunochemical behavior of peptides corresponding to various parts of the region, which were prepared by organic synthesis. The peptides synthesized corresponded to sequences 15–23, 16–23 and 15–21 of Mb, and their immunochemical behavior was studied with three different individual goat and rabbit antisera to Mb. The reactive region towards goat antiserum G 3 occupied precisely the sequence 16–21 (i.e. six residues). For goat antiserum G 4, the reactive region occupied accurately sequence 16–22 (seven residues). The specificity of rabbit antiserum 77, was precisely directed against the sequence 15–21 (seven reisidues). Therefore, the single antigenic reactive region in sequence 1–55 occupies sequence 16–21 invariably, + 1 or 0 residue on one sife only of this sequence depending on the antiserum. This is a highly accessible surface location on the corner between helices A and B in the native molecule. Some important conclusions relating to antigenic structures of native proteins can be made: (1) Reactive regions in native proteins are well defined and small (six to seve residues) and should occupy accessible locations on the surface of the molecule. In unfolded proteins, the boundaries might be expected to be more diffuse; (2) Binding of the present reactive region with antibody is primarily effected through ionic interactions, while intervening and adjacent non-polar amino acids may aid stability through non-polar interactions; (3) Variability of reactive regions of native proteins with antiserum is surprisingly small and involes a ‘displacement’ by one residue on one side only of an ‘invariable’ oart. Therefore, the immunological recognition mechanism is highly discriminatory. Antisera from individual animals should be studies separately so that the variability in antiserum specificity and the sharpness of the reactive regions will not be obscured. (5) An intact antigenic reactive region would usually react less than when it is associated with extra non-reactive parts.
Autism and Accuracy in Adolescent Perceptions of Friends' Sexual Attitudes and Behavior

This study uses data from adolescents matched with data from their friends to examine whether reference group effects on adolescent sexuality should be thought of as operating through the sharing of norms or the modeling of behavior. We observe that perception of attitudes has such a trivial reality component and such a strong autistic component that it cannot serve as a mechanism of peer influence. Perception of sexual behavior has a reality component which is as large as its autistic component, and large enough to serve as a route of influence. We reach two conclusions: (1) Reference group effects on adolescent sexual behavior probably work through behavior modeling rather than through normative influence. (2) Studies which infer peer influence on sexual behavior using only perception of peers will arrive at erroneous conclusions.