cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Annotated Bibliography for Supervising Psychiatry Residents in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.

This paper sought to compile an annotated bibliography for the outpatient year of adult psychiatry residents, providing resources for a foundation in psychodynamic theory which can be utilized in supervision to aid in ongoing psychotherapeutic work. In selecting the readings, the ACGME Milestones sub-competencies considered were (i) empathy and process, (ii) boundaries, (iii) alliance and provision of psychotherapies, (iv) seeking and providing supervision, and (v) knowledge of psychotherapy (theories, practice, and evidence base). Once the readings were selected, two authors independently reviewed the articles to determine which key sub-competencies each article addressed. Chance corrected agreement between the reviewers was assessed using the Cohen kappa statistic. The kappa for interrater agreement was 0.83. A list of 32 readings was compiled sequentially, allowing for theoretical concepts to be progressively built upon. The content of the papers aligned well with multiple sub-competencies in the medical knowledge (MK) and patient care (PC) domains. The bibliography allows for close examination of therapeutic frame; active listening and reflecting on the meaning of the therapist’s interventions; transference and the use of countertransference as a diagnostic/therapeutic tool; defense mechanisms; patient pressures towards reenactment; theoretical viewpoints on therapeutic action (e.g., ego psychology, self-psychology, relational therapy, object relations, classical/modern Kleinian); and meaning of lateness, treatment breaks, and termination. This list serves as an ancillary resource which can augment discussions in therapy supervision, while also aiding in standardizing the minimal knowledge base achieved in psychodynamic theory.
Functional brain connectivity in a rodent seizure model of autistic-like behavior.

Abstract Objective There is increasing evidence that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder of functional connectivity with both human and rodent studies demonstrating alterations in connectivity. Here, we hypothesized that early-life seizures (ELS) in rats would interrupt normal brain connectivity and result in autistic-like behavior (ALB). Methods Following 50 seizures, adult rats were tested in the social interaction and social novelty tests and then underwent qualitative and quantitative intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampal subfields, CA3 and CA1. Results Rats with ELS showed deficits in social interaction and novelty, and compared with control, rats had marked increases in coherence within the hippocampus (CA3-CA1) and between the hippocampus and PFC during the awake and sleep states indicating hyperconnectivity. In addition, sleep spindle density was significantly reduced in rats with ELS. There were no differences in voltage correlations and power spectral densities between the ELS and control rats in any bandwidths. Conclusion Taken together, these findings indicate that ELS can result in ALB and alter functional connectivity as measured by coherence and sleep spindle density. These findings implicate altered connectivity as a robust neural signature for ALB following ELS.
Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Breast Cancer (P05-013-19)

Loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) is reported during tumor progression in cancer cells, including breast cancer, with the implication that vitamin D may not be effective in inhibiting metastasis. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the expression and activity of the VDR in breast cancer cells at different stages of progression and the response to treatment with the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D). We hypothesized that although constitutive expression of VDR is downregulated during cancer progression, 1,25(OH)₂D induces an increase in VDR transcriptional activity and VDR expression in metastatic breast cancer cells. We employed a series of human cells representing different stages of breast cancer, the MCF-10A series which includes untransformed MCF10A, Harvey-ras oncogene transfected early progression model (MCF10A-ras), and metastatic MCF10CA1a cells. Cells were treated with 1,25(OH)₂D (10 nM) or vehicle for 2 and 5 days. VDR mRNA expression was measured by PCR and VDR transcriptional activity by mRNA expression of CYP24. Constitutive VDR mRNA expression was reduced by 76% in metastatic MCF10CA1a compared to untransformed MCF10A. Treatment with 1,25(OH)₂D for 5 days decreased VDR mRNA expression in MCF10A (43%) and MCF10A-ras (37%) cells compared to vehicle treatment. In contrast, treatment with 1,25(OH)₂D for 5 days increased VDR mRNA expression by 61% in metastatic MCF10CA1a cells. In addition, VDR transcriptional specific activity increased in MCF10A-ras cell and trended towards an increase (P = 0.06) in MCF10CA1a cells compared to MCF10A, as assessed by measuring the ratio of CYP24/VDR mRNA expression. Taken together, these results suggest that although constitutive expression of VDR is reduced in metastatic cells, vitamin D may exert inhibitory effects through 1,25(OH)₂D upregulation of VDR expression and activity in breast cancer. Support from National Institute of Health and USDA.
Range of Motion at Discharge Predicts Need for Manipulation following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Stiffness following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common complication that can result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) has been widely employed to treat this problem. It is uncertain whether an association exists between range of motion (ROM) at discharge and need for MUA following primary TKA. A retrospective review of an institutional joint registry identified cases of primary TKA performed by three surgeons at a single institution over a 22-month period. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between ROM at discharge and subsequent MUA controlling for confounding variables related to patient demographics and perioperative details. Of the 1,546 cases identified, 113 (7.3%) cases underwent subsequent MUA. As discharge ROM increased, manipulation rates decreased. Patients with discharge flexion 90 degrees (odds ratio [OR] = 17.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] [7.97, 38.73], p 90 degrees group (OR = 2.22, 95% CI [1.20, 4.10], p = 0.011). The results of this study suggest that there is an association between lower ROM at discharge and greater risk of MUA post primary TKA. Counseling patients in regard to discharge ROM and associated risk of MUA may optimize gains in ROM during recovery.
Teaching Methods in Undergraduate Geoscience Courses: Results of the 2004 On the Cutting Edge Survey of U.S. Faculty

A survey of U.S. geoscience faculty provides an integrated look at the geoscience courses currently being taught and the teaching methods that are used in these courses. The survey data indicate that there is a wide array of offerings both at the introductory level and for majors and thus no standard geoscience curriculum. While teaching methods remain dominated by lecture, most faculty use a range of more interactive methods. Most students are asked to solve problems including quantitative ones as part of their courses although relatively few explore problems of their own choosing. Writing and reading in the primary literature are used extensively in courses of all sizes at both the introductory level and in courses for majors. Strategies and tools for assessing student learning are strongly dependent on class size; however, students are more likely to be assessed through problem sets, oral presentations or papers in courses for majors. There is no question that research on learning and the resulting rec...
Experimental and Numerical Correlation of Gravity Sag in Solar Sail Quality Membranes

Solar sails are among the most studied members of the ultra-lightweight and inflatable (Gossamer) space structures family due to their potential to provide propellentless propulsion. They are comprised of ultra-thin membrane panels that, to date, have proven very difficult to experimentally characterize and numerically model due to their reflectivity and flexibility, and the effects of gravity sag and air damping. Numerical models must be correlated with experimental measurements of sub-scale solar sails to verify that the models can be scaled up to represent full-sized solar sails. In this paper, the surface shapes of five horizontally supported 25 micron thick aluminized Kapton membranes were measured to a 1.0 mm resolution using photogrammetry. Several simple numerical models closely match the experimental data, proving the ability of finite element simulations to predict actual behavior of solar sails.
Implementation of Standardized Handoff Strategies to Decrease Communication Errors Associated With Memorized Data Loss and Incorrect Orders in the Long-Term Ventilated Patient

Background: Inadequate hand-off communication contributes to an estimated 80% of serious medical errors. Adverse events such as care omissions, inappropriate orders, inefficacy of work and patient harm can be attributed to miscommunication during hand-offs. This project aims to improve the hand-off communication of respiratory therapists at a pediatric facility by implementing specific hand-off strategies. The literature reviewed indicates performing hand-offs at the bedside and creating standardized expectations for staff to follow improves both communication and safety. Methods: An IRB approved study to improve hand-off communication amongst respiratory therapists with specific implementations for this initiative including: the creation of a team of role models, increasing staff education through skills fairs with knowledge based assessments, a specifically designed electronic medical record (EMR) hand-off tool, changing the location for staff to perform the hand-off to the patient’s bedside and providing staff EMR access. Chi-squared was used for statistical analysis. Results: Post-data analysis showed 100% compliance with respiratory therapists visualizing the patient and the ventilator during hand-offs while following the new standards. Prior to project implementation 6 ventilator related errors were reported through the Real Learning Systems incident reporting system. Post project implementation, 0 ventilator related errors were reported (P = .40). Staff perception that errors were “never” found increased from 0% (n = 17) before implementation to 33.3% (n = 12) after implementation (P = .01). No increases in overall staff overtime utilization were noted. An 11% reduction of incremental overtime utilization was noted post analysis which may indicate the new hand-off standards were actually more efficient than previous practices. Pre and post staff satisfaction surveys showed an improved perception of patient safety. Conclusions: Hand-off communications directly affects patient safety. Standardizing the critical content to be communicated while directly visualizing the patient during the hand-off process can decrease the number of ventilator incident discrepancies and help prevent data omission errors. Standardizing hand-off communication to promote patient safety can be achieved without increasing handoff duration. Disclosures: William Hearst Foundation
Prolonged Opioid Use After Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Introduction This study examined the patterns of prolonged opioid use and the factors associated with higher risk of prolonged opioid use among opioid-naive working-age patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods Using MarketScan data, the study identified 23,440 opioid-naive patients who received surgery for breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2014 and filled at least one opioid prescription attributable to surgery. Prolonged opioid use was defined as one or more prescriptions for opioids within 90 to 180 days after surgery and defined extra-prolonged opioid use as one or more opioid prescriptions between 181 and 365 days after surgery. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to ascertain factors associated with prolonged and extra-prolonged use of opioids. Findings Of the 23,440 patients, 4,233 (18%) had prolonged opioid use, and 2,052 (9%) had extra-prolonged opioid use. Patients who received mastectomy plus reconstruction had the highest rate of prolonged opioid use (38%) followed by mastectomy alone (15%). A multivariable logistic regression confirmed that patients with mastectomy and reconstruction had the highest odds ratio of prolonged opioid use compared to lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation (adjusted odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 5.1-6.1). Mean daily opioid dose was consistently high without any obvious dosage reduction among patients with opioid use. Interpretation This large observational study showed a high rate of prolonged opioid use among patients who received surgery for early-stage breast cancer and found significant difference in prolonged opioid use by treatment type. Implications for practice This large observational study found a high rate of prolonged opioid use among working-age patients with early-stage breast cancer who received curative surgery, especially among patients who received mastectomy. Among patients with opioid use, the mean daily opioid dose was consistently high without any obvious dosage tapering. This study highlights the need to emphasize appropriate opioid therapy and potential dosage reduction or discontinuation among patients with early-stage breast cancer who received surgical interventions.
Does multicenter care impact the outcomes of surgical patients with gastrointestinal malignancies requiring complex multimodality therapy

BACKGROUND Regionalization of oncologic care has increased, but less is known whether patient outcomes are influenced by receipt of multimodality care through multicenter care (MCC) or single-center care (SCC). METHODS Patients from 2004 to 2015 National Cancer Data Base diagnosed with stage II-III esophageal (EA), stage II-III pancreatic (PA), and stage II-IV rectal (RA) adenocarcinoma who underwent resection at a high volume center (HVC) and required radiation and/or chemotherapy were included. MCC (care at 2+ facilities) and SCC patients were propensity-score matched 1:2 and Cox proportional hazards regression used to analyze survival. RESULTS On multivariable regression analysis, MCC in RA patients (N = 325/2097, 15.5%) was more associated with residing ≥40 miles from the HVC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; P = .044) and receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1.42, P = .040). In PA patients (N = 75/380, 19.7%), residing ≥40 miles from the HVC (OR = 3.22; P = .001), and in EA patients (N = 88/534, 16.5%), younger patients (<50 years: OR = 2.96; P = .011) were associated with MCC. Following propensity score matching, EA (N = 147), PA (N = 133), and RA (N = 661) patients had no difference in 1-year and 3-year overall survival when comparing MCC to SCC. CONCLUSIONS The use of MCC appears safe without a difference in survival and may offer significant advantages in convenience to patients as they undergo their complex oncologic care.
Cause of death variation under the shared socioeconomic pathways

Climate change will create numerous risks for human health, including impacts associated with temperature extremes, diarrheal diseases, and undernutrition. Such risks, along with other socioeconomic and development trends, will affect cause-of-death patterns experienced in the coming decades. This study explores future mortality trends using the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) framework, a widely utilized tool for understanding socioeconomic development trends in a world with climate change. Existing projections for GDP, urbanization, and demographic trends based on SSP narratives are incorporated into an integrated assessment model, International Futures (IFs), in order to project mortality levels by cause of death for all countries from 2020 to 2100. Under more optimistic SSPs, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rise as a proportion of all deaths, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, while more pessimistic SSPs suggest a continued high burden of largely preventable communicable diseases. In high-income countries, significant continued burdens of NCDs are projected for the remainder of the century under all SSPs. Comparisons are also made to recent cause-of-death projections from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) to assess how the IFs and IHME models vary.
Vision-based volumetric measurements via deep learning-based point cloud segmentation for material management in jobsites

Abstract Emerging vision-based frameworks have demonstrated the great potential to robustly perform volumetric measurements on point cloud models, which has several applications for site material management (e.g., during earthworks). However, prevalent vision-based frameworks to date involve human interventions to manually trim objects of interest from point cloud models, which would be time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, point cloud models for volumetric measurements are often incomplete and noisy. To address such challenges, we automatically detect and segment target objects in point cloud models via a deep learning-based approach and then map the semantic values onto point cloud models for 3D semantic segmentation. Once target objects are segmented, the associated volumes are quantified through the proposed vision-based computational process. For evaluation, case studies were performed on material piles in the real-world. The proposed method has the potential to enhance vision-based volumetric measurements, which supports systematic decision-making for material management in jobsites.
Abstract 1215: Targeting TIP1 with a novel radiosensitizing antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of radiation for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment

Tax-interacting protein 1 (TIP1) is a multifunctional protein involved in cellular motility, cellular adhesion, migration, cancer cell protection from ionizing radiation, and metastasis. We found that TIP1 is a radiation inducible antigen that is translocated to the cancer cell surface. Antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) are emerging as promising anti-cancer immunoconjugates. ADCs carry antitumor payloads and allow site-specific targeting of cancer with increased cytotoxicity and decreased side effect profiles as compared to conventional chemotherapy. Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is a potent radiosensitizing microtubule inhibitor with enhanced cancer cytotoxicity in combination with radiotherapy. We developed ADCs against radiation-inducible TIP1 for lung cancer treatment in combination with radiation. Out of the various anti-TIP1 antibodies, we prioritized the lead antibody that shows high affinity to TIP1 protein on the cancer cell surface and in vivo irradiated lung cancers. Our lead antibody, 7H5 undergoes endocytosis in cancer cells in vitro. We conjugated 7H5 to VcMMAE. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was performed to determine drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). We obtained an average DAR of 3.7. Cytotoxic potential of 7H5-VcMMAE was evaluated in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells. Cells were exposed to 7H5-VcMMAE or 7H5-antibody alone at various doses. At 10nM concentration, ~70% reduction in viable cells was observed following 7H5-VcMMAE treatment compared to 7H5 alone in both A549 (p=0.0032) and H1299 cells (p=0.0010). 7H5-VcMMAE sensitized A549 and H1299 cells to radiation as observed by significantly decreased (p Citation Format: Calvin Lewis, Abhay K. Singh, Dinesh Thotala, Dennis E. Hallahan, Vaishali Kapoor. Targeting TIP1 with a novel radiosensitizing antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of radiation for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1215.
Estimating the Impact of Tobacco Parity and Harm Reduction Tax Proposals Using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace

Taxes are a demonstrably effective method to suppress tobacco use. This study examined the effects of the tobacco parity (i.e., imposing taxes equally on all tobacco products) and the harm reduction (i.e., applying taxes in proportion to the products' levels of harm) tax proposals on demand and substitution across products. A crowdsourced sample of cigarette smokers (n = 35) completed purchasing trials with increasing tax magnitudes across different tax tiers in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace in a repeated-measures design. Products were placed in three tax tiers (high, medium, and no tax) according to each proposal's goal. The results indicated that total nicotine (mg) purchased was not significantly different between the proposals, with higher taxes yielding lower demand. However, as taxes increased, the tobacco parity proposal decreased the purchasing of all tobacco products and increased the purchasing of medicinal nicotine (i.e., the no tax tier). Conversely, the harm reduction proposal resulted in greater purchases of electronic nicotine delivery systems and smokeless tobacco (i.e., the medium tax tier). These findings support tobacco taxation as a robust tool for suppressing purchasing and suggest that differential taxation in proportion to product risk would be an effective way to incentivize smokers to switch from smoked to unsmoked products. Further studies should investigate the unintended consequences of their implementation.
Too much ado about two-part models and transformation?: Comparing methods of modeling Medicare expenditures

Many methods for modeling skewed health care cost and use data have been suggested in the literature. This paper compares the performance of eight alternative estimators, including OLS and GLM estimators and one- and two-part models, in predicting Medicare costs. It finds that four of the alternatives produce very similar results in practice. It then suggests an efficient method for researchers to use when selecting estimators of health care costs.
Ventures in Social Media

Academic libraries are actively involved in social media platforms as part of their campus communities. They have moved past the debate of whether to participate in social media and are focusing on strategies to develop engaging content and assessment of their efforts. Social media use in the campus classroom continues to grow with more faculty using social media in academic context. Given the widespread adoption of social media on the University of San Diego campus Copley Library formed a Social Media Committee (SMC) to manage the library’s social media presence with a mission to promoting the library’s services and events. After establishing Facebook and Twitter accounts the committee looked to expand their presence on other platforms. To determine which social media platforms undergraduates were using, the committee designed and administered a survey in the fall of 2013. The survey confirmed that USD undergraduates were still using Facebook and showed 56% now use multiple social media sites: Twitter, Pinterest, Tumblr, and Instagram. The SMC diversified onto Instagram and Pinterest platforms to interact with students on visual platforms.
Contribution of nanosized bacteria to the total biomass and activity of a soil microbial community.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the literature on biology, distribution, and detection of ultramicro-bacteria (UMB) in various habitats such as soil, waters, subsoils, and the human body. Then it describes the development of a technique to isolate UMB and directly measure the amount and activity—as well as to find the phylogenetic position—of these mysterious organisms. The isolation of difficult UMB has been achieved by two strategies. The first approach is called “membrane-filter enrichment” and involves the sporadic removal of big cells by passing enrichment culture through membrane filters. The second isolation strategy, “filtration-acclimatization method,” enables the isolation and cultivation of a much wider diversity of oligotrophic UMB. The method consists of a filtration step, which removes most of the readily cultivable bacteria able to overgrow slowly growing bacteria, and an acclimatization procedure, which provides a slow transition from the low environmental substrate concentrations to the high concentration of standard microbial media. Furthermore, the main optimistic result of this study is that it has the possibility to directly analyze soil and similar, nonhomogeneous habitats by isolating the smallest cell into a relatively pure fraction.
Knowing When to Say Goodbye: Final Exit and Suicide in the Elderly

The publication of Derek Humphry's Final Exist in 1991 caused a large uproar. Although designed as a suicide manual for terminally ill persons, there has been considerable fear that the book's methods might be used by others, such as nonterminal elderly individuals who have made a "rational" decision to end their lives. This piece, a short story about an elderly couple that commits double suicide, explores rational suicide by using fiction, as opposed to a standard bioethical approach. Fiction does not provide answers, but rather highlights the ambiguities surrounding elder suicide, and reminds us to evaluate this issue in the context of individual life experiences.
Youth suicide: a cross-cultural perspective.

Changes in the suicide rate of teenagers and young adults internationally from 1970 to 1980 were examined. Twenty-three nations experienced an increase (with Norway experiencing the largest percentage increase), while six experienced a decrease. Unlike general suicide rates, teenage suicide rates were not related to the quality of life in the nations surveyed. Language: en
Recent progress toward nonpeptide ligands for the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Publisher Summary Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a major role in regulating important biological functions including energy homeostasis. MC4 receptors are widely expressed in the brain and modulated by the endogenous peptide agonist a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and the protein antagonist agouti-related protein (AgRP). Both a-MSH and AgRP are nonselective, and because of the blood–brain barrier, a synthetic peptide or protein ligand of this receptor is not suitable for this centrally active target. Efforts to develop potent and selective agonists and antagonists of the human MC4 receptor (hMC4R) have led to the discovery of several classes of di-peptide and non-peptide compounds. Some of these compounds have been demonstrated to possess good pharmacokinetic properties in animals, including good oral bioavailability, because of their relatively low molecule weights. However, information on brain penetration is still very limited. These selective ligands have provided powerful tools for further delineating the role of MC4 receptor in feeding behavior, erectogenic activity, pain, and anxiety/depression.
Calibrating the simulation model of the IBM system/360 time sharing system

A GPSS/360 model was developed to support the IBM System/360 Time Sharing System (TSS/360) design and evaluation effort. The model was validated by conventional desk-checking procedures and by an extensive measurement effort involving a hardware monitor (SPAR), a software monitor (SIPE), and miscellaneous data-reduction programs. Calibration results obtained with TSS/360 are described, as are some of the benefits derived from the model.
Uncertainty management in optimal disassembly planning through learning-based strategies

Currently there is increasing consensus that one of the main issues differentiating remanufacturing from more traditional manufacturing processes is the need to effectively model and manage the high levels of uncertainty inherent in these new processes. Hence, the work presented in this paper concerns the issue of uncertainty modeling and management as it arises in the context of the optimal disassembly planning problem, one of the key problems to be addressed by remanufacturing processes. More specifically, the presented results formally establish that the theory of reinforcement learning, currently one of the most actively researched paradigms in the area of machine learning, constitutes a rigorous, efficient, and effectively implementable modeling framework for providing (near-)optimal solutions to the optimal disassembly problem, in the face of the aforementioned uncertainties. In addition, the proposed approach is exemplified and elucidated by application on a case study borrowed from the relevant li...
Taurine depletion in very low birth weight infants receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition: role of renal immaturity.

In a prospective, controlled study, plasma and urinary taurine concentrations were determined weekly, between postnatal weeks 3 and 18, in (1) seven sick infants (gestational age
Age and uncertainty: Developmental variation in preference for variability☆

Abstract Two hundred sixty elementary school children were run in two studies of the relation between preference and variability of stimulus materials. In Study I, S s made preference judgments in a paired-comparison design of 12 random shapes containing from 3 to 40 independent turns. As predicted, children of all ages showed a point of inflection of preference at figures of ten turns. Significant age differences were found in the preference expressed for figures of high variability (many turns). In Study II, children from two school grades and young adults made preference judgments for sequences of letters and words that varied in their unpredictability. As predicted, a significant age difference was found in point of inflection of preference for these materials. Results were interpreted as indicating control of the response to uncertainty by (a) a limit on human processing capacity, (b) the amount of variability in the environment, and (c) the rules available to the person for coding variability.
Molecular collapse: the rate-limiting step in two-state cytochrome c folding

Experiments with cytochrome c (cyt c) show that an initial folding event, molecular collapse, is not an energetically downhill continuum as commonly presumed but represents a large-scale, time-consuming, cooperative barrier-crossing process. In the absence of later misfold-reorganization barriers, the early collapse barrier limits cyt c folding to a time scale of milliseconds. The collapse process itself appears to be limited by an uphill search for some coarsely determined transition state structure that can nucleate subsequent energetically downhill folding events. An earlier "burst phase" event at strongly native conditions appears to be a non-specific response of the unfolded chain to reduced denaturant concentration. The molecular collapse process may or may not require the co-formation of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal helices, which are present in an initial metastable intermediate directly following the rate-limiting collapse. After the collapse-nucleation event, folding can proceed rapidly in an apparent two-state manner, probably by way of a predetermined sequence of metastable intermediates that leads to the native protein structure (Bai et al., Science 269:192-197, 1995).
Development of NADPH diaphorase-positive pedunculopontine nucleus neurons.

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemistry was used to localize cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus of neonatal and adult rats. Measurements of cell body areas revealed an average area around 200 μm2 at birth, followed by a significant increase to approximately 500 μm2 by 2 weeks of age. Thereafter, there was a decrease in cell area such that by 5 weeks of age the neurons had attained their adult size of around 300 μm2. The marked increase in cell size at the end of 2 weeks of age is discussed in relation to significant events in the development of locomotor and other rhythmic function control systems.
Optical transitions in diamond at ultrahigh pressures

Optical studies on diamond at ultrahigh pressures are described which show that the unique properties of diamonds are affected by such stresses. Spectroscopic measurements show that the optical absorption edge shifts from UV to red with increasing pressures, and Raman scattering measurements how evidence for new structural transitions associated with large macroscopic deformation, beginning at a pressure of about 150 GPa. The changes are reversible and are associated with intense luminescence peaks at 2.0-2.2 eV under 458-514 nm radiation. These results may be related to the onset of bandgap closure in the approach to a new high-pressure phase. These spectral features must also be taken into account when diamond is used as optical windows for ultrahigh-pressure investigations.
Crystal structure of GGA2 VHS domain and its implication in plasticity in the ligand binding pocket.

Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ARF binding (GGA) proteins regulate intracellular vesicle transport by recognizing sorting signals on the cargo surface in the initial step of the budding process. The VHS (VPS27, Hrs, and STAM) domain of GGA binds with the signal peptides. Here, a crystal structure of the VHS domain of GGA2 is reported at 2.2 A resolution, which permits a direct comparison with that of homologous proteins, GGA1 and GGA3. Significant structural difference is present in the loop between helices 6 and 7, which forms part of the ligand binding pocket. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic study indicates that this loop undergoes a conformational change upon ligand binding. Thus, the current structure suggests that a conformational change induced by ligand binding occurs in this part of the ligand pocket.
Electrocardiographic abnormality in carbon monoxide–poisoned patients

Study objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is not infrequently treated in the emergency department (ED). In that the heart is one target organ affected in CO ingestions, it follows that the ECG is a potentially important investigation in these patients. We review the ECG findings in patients with CO poisoning with correlation to the clinical presentation. Methods: Consecutive ED patients with CO poisoning identified by toxicology service medical records represent the study group. Criteria for inclusion included pathologically abnormal CO serum level and ECG performed within 6 hours of presentation. Medical records and ECGs were reviewed; the ECG reviewers were blinded to the other medical data. Three emergency physicians reviewed the ECGs for rhythm and morphologic features. Results: Twenty-six patients met entry criteria and were used for data analysis. The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years. The ECG demonstrated abnormality in 15 cases (56.7%). Mean serum CO and troponin values were 25.0 mg/dL and 0.60 mg/dL, respectively. ECG findings included rhythm disturbances (sinus bradycardia, 2 (7.7%)] and sinus tachycardia, 4 (15.4%)]) and morphologic abnormalities (prolonged PR interval, 0; widened QRS complex, 4 [15.4%]; prolonged QT interval 2 [7.7%]; ST segment depression, 4 [15.4%]; ST-segment elevation, 3 [11.5%]; and T wave inversion, 10 [38.5%]). Morphologic ECG findings involving the ST segment and T wave more often occurred in the anterior distribution ( P P Conclusion: ECG abnormality is frequent in patients poisoned with CO. Such abnormalities most often involved the ST segment and T wave, features associated with acute coronary ischemia. Dysrhythmias were rare and, if encountered, benign in nature. An abnormal ECG was more often found in patients with increased age and higher serum CO and troponin values.
High Performance Electroactive Polymers and Nano-composites for Artificial Muscles

Electroactive polymers with high dielectric constant (K) can generate a large strain response under an electric field and they are promising candidate materials for artificial muscles. By introducing carefully controlled defects, normal ferroelectric polymer poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] can be converted into a relaxor ferroelectric material with electrostrictive strain up to 7% and room temperature dielectric constant above 50. These defects can be created by either high-energy electron irradiation or copolymerization with a third bulky comonomer chlorofluoroethylene. Furthermore, giant K can be achieved in all-polymer percolative composites with organic semiconductor copper-phthalocyanine or conducting polymer as the filler. The recently developed nano-composites have K up to 1000 and electromechanical strain above 10%.
Attachment-informed Supervision for Social Work Field Education

Supervisory relationships present a new population for the application of attachment theory, and conceptualization of attachment-informed supervision training offers a new direction for study. This paper presents an 8-month model of supervision training for social work field instructors of MSW students. The training’s design incorporates primary attachment concepts with an understanding of the supervisory working alliance and parallel process. An overview of the in-person and on-line pilot training is presented, including perceptions from the participants regarding the training’s usefulness. This training program has implications for effective social work field education, and recommendations are suggested for future attachment research on supervision.
Efficient and Automated Analysis of Potentially Slender Structures

Computer-based engineering analysis is now a routine process in virtual product design. However, when an object becomes slender, i.e., beam, plate, or shell like, 3D computational analysis is known to slowdown, or even lead to erroneous results. Indeed, the recommended method for analyzing slender objects is to replace them with equivalent lower-dimensional entities. However, explicit geometric reduction and replacement is impractical during automated product design, and requires specialized software tools. In this paper, we therefore develop an implicit dimensional reduction method, where the reduction is achieved through an algebraic process. The proposed reduction method is computationally efficient, and numerically equivalent to explicit geometric reduction. Moreover, standard off-the-shelf 3D finite element packages can be used to implement the proposed methodology. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated within the context of shape optimization. Finally, the related problem of "automatic slenderness-detection" is also addressed briefly.
Occupy as a World Anti-Systemic Movement

This article was downloaded by: [The UC Irvine Libraries], [David A. Smith] On: 02 October 2013, At: 16:32 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cper20 Occupy as a World Anti-Systemic Movement a Robert Macpherson & David A. Smith a a University of California–Irvine Published online: 22 Aug 2013. To cite this article: Robert Macpherson & David A. Smith (2013) Occupy as a World Anti- Systemic Movement, Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 25:3, 367-375, DOI: To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2013.816558 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms- and-conditions
A cell-based immunobiosensor with engineered molecular recognition--Part III: Engineering molecular recognition.

Abstract We have been studying the feasibility of exploiting the recognition and amplification abilities of living immune cells for the development of hybrid immunosensors. Our group has previously reported that cell metabolic activation responses, induced by calcium ionophore A23187, can be directly transduced using calorimetric transducers, and that enzyme systems can be integrated to enhance sensing response time and output. In this study our goal was to determine the feasibility of transducing the thermal activation responses of mast cells molecularly engineered to a specific antigen. Rat peritoneal mast cells were sensitized to the model antigenic analyte dinitrophenylated-albumin (DNP-A), with monoclonal anti-DNP-A IgE, and challenged with antigen at final concentrations of 10 or 100 ng/ml. The addition of antigen resulted in the molecular triggering of cell activation, yielding thermal responses similar to those obtained previously with the ionophore model. A peak thermal response of 1.7 μ W/5 × 10 5 cells was obtained within approximately 7 min of addition of antigen. The incorporation of selected amplification enzyme systems increased peak thermal outputs approximately three-fold, and reduced peak thermal response times to less than 3 min. A preliminary regression analysis of these data suggests a quantitative relationship exists between analyte concentration and peak thermal response ( R = 0.988). These results support the feasibility and potential versatility of cell-based immunobiosensors for the selective detection and quantification of immunological analytes of interest.
The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus regulates transcription

Temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) belonging to complementation group III contain a lesion in the matrix (M) protein. This results in a 2--5 fold increase in transcription at the nonpermissive temperature. Co-infection of cells with one of these mutants and wild-type virus reverses this mutant phenotype. Separation of the transcriptional and translational products from mutant-infected cells reveals an overall increase in each of the viral mRNA species concomitant with degradation of the M protein at the nonpermissive temperature. The increase in mRNA, however, does not lead to increased synthesis of viral proteins. Quantitation of individual mRNA species indicates that M protein acts as a direct inhibitor of transcription as well as an attenuator of sequential transcription.
Cavernous, arteriovenous, and mixed hemangioma–lymphangioma of the rectosigmoid: rare causes of rectal bleeding—case series and review of the literature

Introduction Cavernous hemangiomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum are uncommon vascular malformations usually found in young adults with a long history of episodic and painless rectal bleeding. Alternatively, they may present with massive life-threatening hemorrhage.
Variable incidence of cyclosporine and FK-506 neurotoxicity in hematopoeitic malignancies and marrow conditions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Introduction: This study examines whether malignant disease under treatment influences the incidence of cyclosporine or FK-506 neurotoxicity after myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT).
Chronicity, relapse, and illness--course of panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder: findings in men and women from 8 years of follow-up.

Anxiety disorders are chronic illnesses that occur more often in women than men. Previously, we found a significant sex difference in the 5-year clinical course of uncomplicated panic disorder that was attributable to a doubling of the illness relapse rate in women compared to men. However, we have not detected a sex difference in the clinical course of panic with agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or social phobia (SP), which are conditions generally thought to be more chronic than uncomplicated panic disorder. Given that a longer follow-up period may be required to detect differences in clinical course for more enduring illnesses, we conducted further analyses on this same cohort after a more protracted interval of observation to determine whether sex differences would emerge or be sustained. Data were analyzed from the Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Program (HARP), a naturalistic, longitudinal study that repeatedly assessed patients at 6 to 12 month intervals over the course of 8 years. Data regarding remission and relapse status were collected from 558 patients and treatment was observed but not prescribed. Cumulative remission rates were equivalent among men and women with all diagnoses. Patients who experienced remission were more likely to improve during the first 2 years of study. Women with GAD continued remitting late into the observation period and experienced fewer overall remission events by 8 years. However, the difference in course failed to reach statistical significance. Relapse rates for women were comparable to those for men who suffered from panic disorder with agoraphobia, GAD, and SP. Again, initial relapse events were more likely to occur within the first 2 years of observation. However, relapse events for uncomplicated panic in women were less restricted to the first 2 years of observation and by 8 years, the relapse rates for uncomplicated panic was 3-fold higher in women compared with men. Anxiety disorders are chronic in the majority of men and women, although uncomplicated panic is characterized by frequent remission and relapse events. Short interval follow-up shows sex differences in the remission and relapse rates for some but not all anxiety disorders. These findings suggest important differences in the clinical course among the various anxiety disorders and support nosological distinctions among the various types of anxiety. It may be that sex differences in the clinical course of anxiety disorders hold prognostic implications for patients with these illnesses.
Temperature of spatially modulated surface of solid film heated by repetitive laser pulses

An analytical solution is obtained for the classical heat conduction problem for a solid film with a surface that is simply deformed and irradiated by repetitive laser pulses. Convective heat losses from the surface and the film–substrate interface are taken into account. The solution, evaluated for large times, shows that the surface deformation increases the average surface temperature. This increase is pronounced when the absorption length of the laser radiation is less than the film thickness (even in the case when the amplitude of surface deformation is much less than its wavelength). At any point on a deformed surface the temporal dependence of temperature is characterized by narrow spikes, which are repeated with the period of pulse repetition. The spatial dependence of surface temperature follows surface deformation.