cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications of the bispectrum in radar signature analysis and target identification

This paper considers the classification of radar targets using features extracted from the bispectrum of the backscattered signals. The classification performance of the bispectrum- derived features is compared with that of features extracted from the impulse response and the frequency response of the unknown target. In each case, the classification performance is evaluated using compact-range radar signal measurements of a set of five commercial aircraft. A number of scenarios of noise environment and azimuth ambiguity are considered. The case where extraneous scatterers are present in the vicinity of the measured target is also examined, and the effects of the extraneous scatterers are discussed.
Identity, Personality, and Defense Mechanisms: An Observer-Based Study

Abstract The relationships among identity, defense mechanisms, and self-esteem, demonstrated in a previous study (Cramer, 1995), were investigated again using different measures and a different subject population. Consistent with the previous findings, there was a clear relationship between identity crisis and the use of defense mechanisms; the use of defenses was found to be a linear function of the degree of crisis associated with the identity status. In addition, as in the earlier study, the Achieved and Foreclosed personalities were both associated with positive self-regard, while the noncommitted personalities (Moratorium and Diffusion) were related to low self-esteem.
Nutrient uptake in vegetative poinsettias grown with two fertilizer concentrations and two pinching dates 1

Abstract The effects of varying fertilizer application rates [100–15–100 or 300–46–300 mg L‐1 of nitrogen (N)‐phosphorus (P)‐potassium (K)] and pinching dates on nutrient uptake patterns of poinsettias were studied. During the first seven weeks after potting, varying the N‐P‐K fertilization rate from 100–15–100 to 300–46–300 mg L‐1 N‐P‐K had no effect on plant height, dry weight, nutrient concentration, or nutrient content of poinsettias. The uptake ratios for NO3‐N, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) all were 60% and >70%, respectively, for NH4‐N and P at the 100 mg L"1 N and K fertilization rate indicated the plants utilized a higher percentage of the available NH4‐N and P, indicating that an application rate >18 mg L‐1 NH4‐N and >15 mg L‐1 P w...
CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION (CIIP) IN A 16 MONTH OLD MALE: MANOMETRIC STUDIES

CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC INTESTINAL PSEUDO-OBSTRUCTION (CIIP) IN A 16 MONTH OLD MALE: MANOMETRIC STUDIES
The R2P and Norm Diffusion: Towards A Framework of Norm Circulation

The case of R2P calls for greater attention to agency and feedback in norm dynamics. New international norms are more likely to spread if the responsibility for their creation and diffusion is seen to have been more broadly shared than being credited to any particular group. Many new norms have multiple sources and contexts, yet there is a tendency to credit them to their final point of articulation. Moreover, once created, norms do not remain uncontested and static. The application of new norms in different locations and contexts can lead to their subsequent modifications, which in turn can reshape its initial features and support mechanisms. This feedback constitutes a form of agency, which might broaden the legitimacy and appeal of the norm and the possibility of its greater diffusion. The case of R2P shows that although it is generally attributed to the work of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, the norm had multiple prior sources, including the idea of ‘responsible sovereignty’. Furthermore, its development has had a strong African context. Lastly, subsequent controversies over the norm’s application, especially in Libya, attests to the possibility of critical feedback, such as calls for stricter enforcement of the norm’s criteria of last resort and proportionality, and greater accountability in operations conducted in defence of the norm.
From theory to textbook: Constructing language materials for young learners

Second language materials for young learners are often deceptive in their simplicity. They appear to be easy to create because their content spans a limited range of grammatical forms and vocabulary. However, beyond the challenging process of selecting such content are the underlying theoretical concepts, methodologies and approaches that inform well-constructed learning materials. This paper outlines considerations that go into creating a textbook series for young learners in terms of views of language learning, the communicative approach, a notional-functional syllabus, comprehensible input and output, task chains, learner-centeredness, the negotiated curriculum, and autonomy.
Social functioning in young people at risk for schizophrenia

Abstract Deficits in social functioning are potential risk factors for schizophrenia. Social functioning was assessed in 55 individuals “at risk” for schizophrenia, 16 first episode patients with schizophrenia and 45 normal comparison subjects. The Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA) was administered to adolescents 17. The at risk and first episode groups significantly differed from the normal subjects on measures of social functioning in the domains of peer, family, work and school relationships. Individuals at risk for schizophrenia have significant functional deficits which may be potential indicators of increased vulnerability for psychosis.
Spectral pattern of total creatine and trimethyl ammonium in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Fatigue and impairment mobility are frequent problems in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its enormous potential, in vivo 1H MRS of skeletal muscles for MS patients is a largely unexplored field. One fundamental question remains unanswered: whether MS can cause observable proton metabolite changes. High quality two-dimensional in vivo 1H MRS reveals that the spectral pattern of total creatine (tCr) and trimethyl ammonium (TMA) of soleus muscles of MS patients can be distinctively different from that of healthy volunteers, and in vivo 1H MRS of skeletal muscles has a potential to become a useful tool in MS study.
What the United States Air Force is Doing Right About Systems Engineering

To address problems in the acquisitions program (e.g., cost overruns, delayed scheduling, engineering design errors, etc.), in 2003 then Secretary of the Air Force, the Honorable James G. Roche and Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General John P. Jumper, went to the U.S. Air Force Academy and asked for help developing a new breed of systems thinkers. The progenitors of the systems engineering major envisioned that a systems thinker would have a foundation in a classical engineering discipline (big E) such as aeronautical, computer, and mechanical engineering. The U.S. Air Force Academy Systems Engineering curriculum is heavilyfocused on classical engineering disciplines through seven concentration areas. Once the classical engineering foundation is laid, systems engineering (little s) is effectively layered on that basic engineering foundation. Application of systems engineering methods (and tools) culminates in the senior year when all sE cadets participate in a capstone design project. For example, SE-Aeronautical Systems (systems engineering students with an aeronautics foundation) cadets take the aircraft design capstone sequence. In this capstone design the cadet design team (sE and Aero engineering cadets) actually designs to customer requirements (e.g., the next generation bomber), builds a small prototype, flies the prototype, and evaluates its performance. In addition, the cadets perform cost modeling, risk tracking, and briefing of actual U.S.AirForcecustomers ontheirdesign. Thissystemsengineering processbetter mimics theU.S.AirForce’sactual acquisition process where systems engineers are integral to the design team. As the U.S. Air Force’s next generation of systems thinkers, these graduates will take this education experience into future aircraft design and acquisition projects. For widest reader applicability, the SE-Aero concentration will be described. This paper focuses on the debate surrounding systems engineering education at the undergraduate level, application to aircraft design and development, and anticipated benefits of this educational investment.
Faulting and Groundwater in Arid Environments: Airborne Electromagnetics in Support of Framework Hydrology in the northern Mojave Desert, southern California

Groundwater basins within the Mojave Desert of the south-western United States are often compartmentalized by faults. As part of an effort to understand and manage groundwater resources in arid environments, the U.S. Geological Survey is investigating a number of basins within the Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC) using multiple geophysical methods. Gravity, aeromagnetic, ground-based and airborne time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) data were collected over Leach Basin, a geologically complex, internally-drained basin bisected and flanked by Quaternary faults including the Garlock and Death Valley fault zones. The airborne TEM data show abrupt changes in earth response across faulted boundaries, reflecting the strong resistivity contrast between igneous rocks and basin sediments. The distribution of faults throughout the basin can be directly obtained from the airborne data. A resistivity stratigraphy has been developed by integrating borehole geophysical logs, lab resistivity measurements, and ground-based gravity and TEM soundings. The results are applied to the airborne resistivity models and are used to trace aquifer hydrostratigraphy throughout the basin. Interpreted parameters include the depth to basement, the depth to water, and the thickness of the primary aquifer. Together with hydrologic investigations, these results are being used to estimate groundwater storage within the basin
Identification of atomic scale defects involved in oxide leakage currents

We present evidence linking specific atomic scale defects to leakage currents in thermally grown silicon dioxide thin films on silicon. The defects identified are oxygen deficient silicon "dangling bond" centers. These centers have been identified through electron spin resonance measurements. We find a strong correspondence between the generation of an oxygen deficient silicon dangling bond defect in the oxide and the appearance of oxide leakage currents. We observe a strong correlation between the disappearance of these centers and the disappearance of leakage currents in relatively low temperature anneals (200/spl deg/C) in air.
Adolescent Motivations for Reality Television Viewing: An Exploratory Study

With the recent growth of reality television programing and its appeal to adolescent viewers, marketers, advertisers, and public policy experts need to understand what motivations drive adolescents to watch reality programs. By understanding adolescent viewer motivations, professionals will be able to craft effective marketing strategies and develop public policy programs for improving the welfare of adolescents. This research involves an exploratory study that examines adolescents’ motivations for watching reality programs through a content analysis of free-response data from a national sample of 800 adolescents in the United States, members of a Harris Online panel. Theoretical, managerial, and public policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Impact of voltage-dependent responsivity on photodiode non-linearity

The change of responsivity with applied bias voltage of an InGaAs/InP modified charge compensated uni-traveling carrier photodiode has been studied over a wide range of input wavelengths. The measured wavelength-dependence suggests that the primary reasons for the observed characteristics are both the Franz-Keldysh effect and impact ionization. Based on the experimental results we estimated a photodiodepsilas low-frequency third order intercept point (IP3) of 61 dBm when choosing an appropriate input wavelength.
Cardiovascular Health Among African-Americans: A Review of the Health Status, Risk Reduction, and Intervention Strategies

Abstract Background. This article reviews the literature of African-American risk and identifies the disparity in cardiovascular health status, particularly hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and cigarette smoking, and mortality rates between African-Americans and whites. Methods. Data on African-Americans' knowledge and attitudes toward preventing hypertension and heart disease are summarized and compared to that of whites. Results. Program implementation details such as communication channels, activities, and health outcomes in cardiovascular risk reduction programs in African-American communities are summarized. Discussion. Promising approaches to program planning and implementation for cardiovascular risk reduction among African-Americans are recommended.
Sex, drugs and gluttony: how the brain controls motivated behaviors

Bart Hoebel has forged a view of an integrated neural network that mediates both natural rewards and drug use. He pioneered the use of microdialysis, and also effectively used electrical stimulation, lesions, microinjections, and immunohistochemistry. He found that feeding, stimulant drug administration, and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) all increased dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, whereas DA in the NAc enhanced motivation, DA in the LH inhibited motivated behaviors. The Hull lab has pursued some of those ideas. We have suggested that serotonin (5-HT) in the perifornical LH inhibits sexual behavior by inhibiting orexin/hypocretin neurons (OX/HCRT), which would otherwise excite neurons in the mesocorticolimbic DA tract. We have shown that DA release in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) is very important for male sexual behavior, and that testosterone, glutamate, nitric oxide (NO) and previous sexual experience promote MPOA DA release and mating. Future research should follow Bart Hoebel's emphasis on neural systems and interactions among brain areas and neurotransmitters.
Secretive ciliates and putative asexuality in microbial eukaryotes

Facultative sexuality is assumed to have occurred in the ancestor of all extant eukaryotes, but the distribution and maintenance of sex among microbial eukaryotes is still under debate. In this paper, we address the purported asexuality in colpodean ciliates as an exemplary lineage. Colpodeans are a primarily terrestrial clade thought to have arisen up to 900 MYA and contain one known derived sexual species. We conclude that the putative asexuality of this lineage is an observational artifact. We suggest that the same might hold for other microbial eukaryotes, and that many are secretively sexual as well. Theoretical work from the distantly related plants and animals suggests that both the evolutionary success of ancient asexuals and the reversal of the loss of sex are highly unlikely, further suggesting that colpodeans are secretively sexual. However, it remains to be seen to what extent sexual theories and predictions derived from macro-organismic lineages apply also to microbial eukaryotes.
NaHCO3 does not affect arterial O2 tension but attenuates desaturation of hemoglobin in maximally exercising Thoroughbreds

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of preexercise NaHCO3 administration to induce metabolic alkalosis on the arterial oxygenation in racehorses performing maximal exercis...
Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Pump Therapy in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE —To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —All 95 patients who began insulin pump therapy at Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1990 and December 2000 were included in the study. The mean age was 12.0 years (range 4–18), and 29% of the patients were RESULTS —There was a small but significant decrease in HbA 1c at 3–6 months after pump start (7.7 vs. 7.5%; P = 0.03). HbA 1c levels then gradually increased and remained elevated after 1 year of follow-up; however, this association was confounded by age and diabetes duration, both of which were associated with higher HbA 1c levels. After adjusting for duration and age, mean HbA 1c after pump start was significantly lower than before pump start (7.7 vs. 8.1%; P CONCLUSIONS —This study suggests that pump therapy is safe and effective in selected children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Lower Observed Versus Expected (Based on U.S. Age and Gender Specific Rates) Survival in Patients Treated for Near-Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmias

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have improved survival for patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or sustained vertricular tachycardia (VT). However, the survival of these patients compared to the general population has not been assessed. Observed survival rates for patients randomized to either antiarrhythmic drug therapy (mainly amiodarone) arm or ICD arm were compared to expected rates, calculated using age and sex-specific survival rates derived from the 1989-1991 US population life tables and applied to the age and sex distribution of patients in each arm. Consistent with the results of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, patients randomized to receive ICDs experienced significantly higher survival than those in the drug arm; however, both groups experienced significantly lower survival than expected using age and gender matched U.S. survival rates. Within arms, the difference between the observed and expected rates increased over 3 years of follow-up from 7.7% to 15.3% for the ICD arm, and from 14.6% to 26.4% for the drug arm. These results quantify the improvements in survival that can be expected for VF or VT patients using drug or ICD therapies and underscore the need for continued research into methods for further improving the overall level of health of these patients.
Language, migrancy, and the literal : Ha Jin’s translation literature

This article discusses translation literature in Ha Jin’s writing. It starts by examining the obvious disjunction between subject matter and language in Ha Jin’s writing. What is unique about Ha Jin is that his idiosyncratic use of English destabilizes some key concepts that are so relevant today, such as exile, diaspora, national identity, and language-based literature. Then, I venture to argue that he carves out a unique place in the field of emigre Chinese writing, and creates a form of what I would call translation literature. The literalness in Ha Jin’s play with languages not only creates a defamiliarizing effect and a sense of humor for his readers, but also reveals the absurdity of imprisonment of a language. Laying bare the linguistic confinement and, by extension, political constriction caused by a language, translation literature foregrounds the importance of migration of languages and deterritorialization of them, and thus destabilizes the categorization of national literatures that is still largely based on linguistic determinism. In all, Ha Jin’s writing provides us with a salient sample through which to reflect on literary production in an age so marked by border-crossings of all kinds.
Topics, Texts, and Critical Approaches: Integrating Dimensions of Liberal Learning in an Undergraduate Management Course

In light of recent critiques of management education, this article examines the Carnegie Report’s argument that the core components of liberal arts education (Analytical Thinking, Multiple Framing,...
The nuclear receptor signalling scaffold: insights from full‐length structures

Nuclear receptors (NRs) can be conceptualized as highly dynamic scaffold proteins, where binding of ligand, DNA or transcriptional coregulator proteins can allosterically change the scaffold structure and direct changes in subsequent binding events. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Orlov et al present the first cryo-EM structure of a NR complex, a technically challenging feat for the 100-kDa complex of the heterodimer of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and their cognate DNA response element. VDR is one of the few NRs for which the hinge between the ligand-binding domain (LBD) and DNA-binding domain is an extended helix, which enforced a bend in VDR/RXR to an L-shaped architecture. The hinge domain is thus a key regulator of the relative orientation of the LBDs to the DNA, which will impact how transcriptional coregulator complexes are oriented towards the chromatin. It further suggests that the positioning of the hinge may serve as a conduit of structural information, determining how specific DNA sequences can modulate activity in the LBDs. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors that regulate key aspects of development, metabolism and disease (Huang et al, 2010). NRs typically form transcriptionally active homodimers or heterodimers with another NR, that is, Retinoid X receptor (RXR). The classic modular domain organization of NRs includes a variable N-terminal domain (NTD) that may contain a ligand-independent transcriptional activation function (AF-1); a centrally located zinc-finger DNA-binding domain (DBD); and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) that contains ligand-dependent AF-2 (Chandra et al, 2008). The DBD and LBD are well structured and connected via a flexible linker or ‘hinge’ region. NR-interacting proteins include transcriptional coregulators that enzymatically regulate post-translational modification (PTM) of histones and associated proteins (Metivier
Religious Experience and the Modernist Novel: Marcel Proust and the elementary forms of religious life

Just before relating the incident of the madeleine, which sets in motion the series of memories that compose Remembrance of Things Past ( A la recherche du temps perdu [1913–27]), Proust's narrator remarks that before he tasted the madeleine, the memory of his family home in Combray was to him nonexistent, as good as dead. “Dead for ever?” he asks (“Mort a jamais?”). He replies by commenting on an ancient form of religious belief: I feel that there is much to be said for the Celtic belief that the souls of those we have lost are captive in some inferior being, in an animal, in a plant, in some inanimate thing, and thus effectively lost to us until the day (which to many never comes) when we happen to pass by the tree or to obtain possession of the object which forms their prison. Then they start and tremble, they call us by our name, and as soon as we have recognised their voice the spell is broken. Delivered by us, they have overcome death [“elles ont vaincu la mort”] and return to share our life. And so it is with our own past. Proust thus establishes an analogy between his own theory of involuntary memory and “primitive” religion. The central element of this analogy is the notion that inferior beings, such as inanimate objects, can contain the souls of the dead or the essence of someone's past life.
Three-Dimensional Effects in High-Drag-State Flows over Long Ridges.

Abstract Numerical simulations of nonrotating flow with uniform basic wind and stability past long three-dimensional (3D) ridges are compared to the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) limit to reveal the importance of 3D effects. For mountain heights smaller than the threshold for breaking waves, the low-level flow over the interior of the ridge is well described by 2D theory when the horizontal aspect ratio β is roughly 10 or greater. By contrast, in flows with wave breaking significant discrepancies between 2D and 3D results remain apparent even for β = 12. It is found that the onset of wave breaking and the transition to the high-drag state is accompanied in 3D by an abrupt increase in deflection of the low-level flow around the ridge. The increased flow deflection is produced at least in part by upstream-propagating columnar disturbances forced by the transition to the high-drag state. The deflection of the incident flow reduces the amplitude of the mountain wave aloft relative to 2D and acts as a neg...
Human Cytolytic T-Lymphocyte Clones and Their Function-Associated Cell Surface Molecules

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important effectors in the recognition of viruses,1 allografts,2 and some tumors.3 A molecular understanding of the CTL-target cell interaction therefore may be relevant to the etiology and/or treatment of a variety of disease states. Tissue culture techniques, first reported by Gillis and Smith,4 have allowed the generation of long-term T-cell lines that retain function. A number of human long-term cytolytic T lymphocyte lines have been generated by continued stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte lines with “foreign” cells in the presence of the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2).5,6 We have used CTL lines and clones to define target antigens recognized by human allogeneic lymphocytes, to correlate lymphocyte phenotype with antigen specificity, and to generate monoclonal antibodies that block lymphocyte function. Our findings have provided new insights into the cell surface molecules involved in the CTL-target cell interaction. In this chapter we describe our methodologies for the generation and maintenance of CTL lines and clones and the use of the cells in concert with monoclonal antibodies to define and analyze function-associated cell surface molecules.
Pseudopotential-based electron quantum transport: Theoretical formulation and application to nanometer-scale silicon nanowire transistors

We present a formalism to treat quantum electronic transport at the nanometer scale based on empirical pseudopotentials. This formalism offers explicit atomistic wavefunctions and an accurate band structure, enabling a detailed study of the characteristics of devices with a nanometer-scale channel and body. Assuming externally applied potentials that change slowly along the electron-transport direction, we invoke the envelope-wavefunction approximation to apply the open boundary conditions and to develop the transport equations. We construct the full-band open boundary conditions (self-energies of device contacts) from the complex band structure of the contacts. We solve the transport equations and present the expressions required to calculate the device characteristics, such as device current and charge density. We apply this formalism to study ballistic transport in a gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire field-effect transistor with a body-size of 0.39 nm, a gate length of 6.52 nm, and an effective oxide thickness of 0.43 nm. Simulation results show that this device exhibits a subthreshold slope (SS) of ∼66 mV/decade and a drain-induced barrier-lowering of ∼2.5 mV/V. Our theoretical calculations predict that low-dimensionality channels in a 3D GAA architecture are able to meet the performance requirements of future devices in terms of SS swing and electrostatic control.
Human Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism first identified in 1980.1,2 Cofactor deficient patients exhibit combined deficiencies of three molybdoenzymes, sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase, all of which depend on the presence of a tightly bound molybdenum-molybdopterin complex for catalytic activity. The study of molybdenum cofactor deficiency has been carried out in parallel with studies defining the molecular structure of the molybdenum cofactor and those establishing the pathway of its biosynthesis in microorganisms. Thus, when the first patient was identified, very little information was available regarding even basic structural aspects of the cofactor. However, as more patients have been characterized, more information has been obtained to shed light on the structure of the pterin they lack. Many of the human studies have been greatly facilitated by study of enzymes and biosynthetic intermediates in molybdopterin mutants in microorganisms. Transfer of this knowledge to studies of the human patient population is an ongoing process which may lead ultimately to the design of effective therapeutic agents for correction or alleviation of the cofactor deficiency disease.
The Effect of CEO Hiring Source on Total Cash Flow

We examine the financial performance that boards of large U.S. firms realize by their decision to hire a new CEO from within the firm versus externally. Using a structural self-selection modeling approach, we find, for boards that promote internally, greater total cash flows than would have been obtained from the passed over external candidate (a marginal gain). On the other hand, for boards that hire externally, we find less total cash flow than would have been obtained from the passed over internal candidate (a marginal loss). This marginal loss is primarily explained by our addressing two concerns involving method and measure. First, we include all CEOs regardless of tenure to avoid (survival) bias. Second, we account for cash expenses not included in operating income, such as the expense of ongoing operations that will be discontinued and the cost of restructuring; these expenses are primarily associated with externally hired CEOs. Our analysis suggests boards do not account for the marginal loss we document in their decision to externally hire a CEO. Further, associated with search firms’ rising revenues and greater pay for placing an outside CEO, we find an increasing frequency of external hiring and increased marginal losses, especially among S&P 500-size firms where search firms are primarily employed.
Microviscosities in alkane/surfactant ionic micelles

Some common aliphatic hydrocarbons were solubilized in aqueous ionic surfactant micelles. The effect of these additives on ηmic, the microviscosity in the pallisade region of the micelle, was studied. It was found, by means of fluorescence quenching, that ηmic is independent of the nature and quantity of the additive. These findings are discussed in terms of diffusion kinetics and the validity of the Einstein-Stokes equation in micelles.
Genome Sequence of Mycobacteriophage Cabrinians

ABSTRACT Mycobacteriophage Cabrinians is a newly isolated phage capable of infecting both Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium smegmatis and was recovered from a soil sample in New York City, NY. Cabrinians has a genome length of 56,669 bp, encodes 101 predicted proteins, and is a member of mycobacteriophages in cluster F.
Visualizing the life and anatomy of dark matter

In this paper we provide a visualization based answer to understanding the evolution and structure of dark matter halos by addressing the tasks assigned in 2015 IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest. The data released this year is a Cosmological Simulation dataset generated from the Dark Sky Simulation experiments. Out of the assigned tasks we are addressing the following: data integration and browsing, halo identification and visualization and diving deep into halo substructure.
Developing Transgenic Soybean to Promote Soybean Industry in China

The development of transgenic soybean is of importance for enhancing market competitiveness of soybean industry in China,strengthening national food security and increasing farmers' income by adjusting farming systems,decreasing production cost,improving economic returns,and promoting science and technology advancement.China has owned a firm technical basis and adequate social atmosphere for the research and development of transgenic soybean.By using its own technological achievements and drawing on the experience of other countries,China should speed up the development of new transgenic soybean varieties,place emphasis on the breeding of cost-reducing,quality-improving,and resource-saving varieties to realize the industrialization of transgenic soybean in the near future.
Primary care residents and the management of hypercholesterolemia.

A survey of primary care residents’ attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and a medical record audit were used to assess barriers to appropriate detection, identification, and management of hypercholesterolemia. Previous studies have focused on either self-reports or audits alone. This study compares survey results to recorded clinical performance. Family practice and internal medicine residents were compared to determine if previous findings were specialty-specific. The results of the survey indicate that, even prior to the publication of the National Cholesterol Education Program, residents demonstrated positive attitudes and appropriate knowledge of risk levels, in contrast with previous reports on practicing physicians. The medical record audit, however, showed that residents were not providing care that approximated their own recommendations for hypercholesterolemia management. Results of the survey and audit demonstrated little or no difference between specialty groups. The results indicated that training in management skills and reducing practice barriers are important to improve resident physicians’ management of patients with hypercholesterolemia. The use of a survey and audit provide a useful needs assessment for designing educational programs.
Improving the composition and assembly of APIs in service dominant ecosystem environments

Current research initiatives on API ecosystems mainly concentrate on the technical aspects of the API composition and assembly. API ecosystems usually have challenges such as publication and provisioning of APIs by providers and selection and consumption of relevant APIs by consumers. Difficulties and problems in API value oriented analysis and design are often overlooked. This paper introduces the new method and models for proper alignment of API value creation and value capture with business architecture, business processes and services.
Photostatistics of Continuous-Wave Squeezed Light

The photon-number probabilities of a single squeezed mode1 can exhibit sub- Poissonian or super-Poissonian statistics and can display sharp oscillations under appropriate conditions.2 Such oscillations, which can be interpreted in terms of interference in phase space,2 are highly nonclassical features. Suppose, for example, that a degenerate parametric amplifier is pumped by a series of identical nonoverlapping pulses; its output is a series of nonoverlapping wave-packet modes, each excited into a single-mode squeezed state.3 If an ideal photodetector counts the number of photons in successive wave packets, the accummulated statistics are described by the photon- number probabilities of a single-mode squeezed state.
Increased contextual cue utilization with tDCS over the prefrontal cortex during a recognition task

The precise role of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices in recognition performance remains controversial, with questions about whether these regions contribute to recognition via the availability of mnemonic evidence or via decision biases and retrieval orientation. Here we used an explicit memory cueing paradigm, whereby external cues probabilistically predict upcoming memoranda as old or new, in our case with 75% validity, and these cues affect recognition decision biases in the direction of the cue. The present study applied bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over prefrontal or posterior parietal cortex, or sham tDCS, to test the causal role of these regions in recognition accuracy or decision biasing. Participants who received tDCS over prefrontal cortex showed increased cue utilization compared to tDCS over posterior parietal cortex and sham tDCS, suggesting that the prefrontal cortex is involved in processes that contribute to decision biases in memory.
Processing Is Not Judgment, Storage Is Not Memory: A Critique of Silicon Valley’s Moral Catechism

ABSTRACTThis article critiques contemporary applications of the computational metaphor, popular among Silicon Valley technologists, that views individuals and culture through the lens of computer and information systems. Taken literally, this metaphor has become entrenched as a quasi-religious ideology that obscures the moral and political-economic gatekeeping power of technology elites. Through an examination of algorithmic processing applications and life-logging devices, the authors highlight the inequitable consequences of the tendency, in popular media and marketing rhetoric, to collapse the distinctions between processing and judgment, storage and memory. Such distinctions are necessary for an ethical development of more equitable digital environments.
Introduction to Multiple Equilibrium Systems

The concept of equilibrium and the measurement of the equilibrium constant has found its way into all areas of chemistry and related scientific fields. Equilibria across an interface—such as cell walls and other membranes—are extremely important. Frequently, when the biological process undergoes unusual or undesirable changes, a disruption or alteration of an equilibrium process is responsible. Drug availability and its metabolism involve equilibrium steps. These type of systems include complicated and multiple equilibrium steps. This chapter provides an introduction to the writing and evaluation of complicated equilibrium systems by treating the metal-EDTA titration. The formulism explained is applied to a more exact understanding of neutralization, precipitation, and complex formation all of which are part of the equilibrium systems.
A new capacity-approaching protocol for general 1-to-K broadcast packet erasure channels with ACK/NACK

The capacity region of 1-to-K broadcast packet erasure channels with ACK/NACK is known for some scenarios, e.g., K ≤ 3, etc. However, existing achievability schemes either require knowing the target rate R in advance, and/or have a complicated description of the achievable rate region that is difficult prove whether it matches the capacity or not. This work proposes a new network coding protocol with the following unique set of features: (i) Its achievable rate region is identical to the capacity region for all the scenarios in which the capacity is known; (ii) Its achievable rate region is much more tractable that existing works and has been used to derive new capacity rate vectors; (iii) It employs sequential encoding that naturally handles dynamic packet arrivals; (iv) It automatically adapts to unknown packet arrival rates R; (v) It is based on GF(q) with q > K. Numerically, for K = 4, it admits an average control overhead 2–4% (assuming each packet has 1000 bytes), average encoding memory usage 48.5 packets, and average per-packet delay 94.8 time slots, when operating at 95% of the capacity.
Inhaled Carbon Monoxide: From Toxin to Therapy

Carbon monoxide (CO) is usually recognized as a toxic gas that can be used to assess lung function in the pulmonary function laboratory. The toxicity of CO relates to its high affinity for hemoglobin and other heme molecules, producing carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). Despite that blood HbCO levels are commonly measured in patients with CO poisoning, the clinical presentation often does not correlate with the HbCO level, and clinical improvement in the patient's condition does not correlate with HbCO clearance. In patients with CO poisoning, administration of 100% O2 is standard practice. If available, hyperbaric O2 can be used, although this is controversial. Measurement of exhaled CO might be useful to estimate HbCO, such as in smoking cessation programs, but assessment of HbCO using pulse oximetry can be misleading. Endogenous CO is generated as the result of heme oxygenase activity. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the results of heme oxygenase activity, specifically CO production, might have important physiologic functions. These include effects on vascular function, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and signaling pathways. Given the abundance of basic science supporting a therapeutic role for CO, clinical trials are exploring this potential.
Lucke Tumor of Frogs

The Lucke renal adenocarcinoma of the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens, has been studied more than any other neoplasm that afflicts amphibians. Abundant scientific literature relates, in part, to the biology of the species and is, in part, due to the biology of the tumor.
Why critical realists ought to be transcendental idealists

In A Realist Theory of Science, Roy Bhaskar provides several transcendental arguments for critical realism – a position Bhaskar himself characterized as transcendental realism. Bhaskar provides an ...
Motor Evoked Potentials

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are the electrical signals recorded from the descending motor pathways or from muscles following stimulation of motor pathways within the brain. They are used for intraoperative monitoring (IOM) and neurodiagnostic testing of the motor pathways; the techniques used in these two settings differ somewhat. Muscle responses are particularly affected by anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, and special stimulation techniques and certain anesthetic regimens are used to optimize MEPs during IOM. This article describes the neurophysiology of MEP generation and the techniques for recording and interpreting MEPs in both the intraoperative and extraoperative setting.
The effect of tissue damage and inflammation on gene expression in sensory neurons.

THE EFFECT OF TISSUE DAMAGE AND INFLAMMATION ON GENE EXPRESSION IN SENSORY NEURONS Sean A Trusty July 15,2011 This study examined the effects of tissue damage and inflammation on the expression in sensory neurons of P2X3, a gene that has a role in nociception and sensing bladder distension, which is regulated by nerve injury. Tissue damage induces expression of ATF3, an indicator of injury, in sensory neurons. Animals were exposed to different types of tissue damage including single and repeated skin incision, bladder incision and a spinal cord injury with bladder inflammation. P2X3 was regulated differentially between conditions of single and repeated skin incision. One condition that involves repeated tissue damage and alteration of bladder function is spinal cord injury. In a small study of SCI and bladder inflammation we found no change in P2X3 expression in sensory neurons. Changes in expression of genes like P2X3 could have implications for bladder dysfunction and altered nociception.
Tile-based level of detail for the parallel age.

Today's PCs incorporate multiple CPUs and GPUs and are easily arranged in clusters for high-performance, interactive graphics. We present an approach based on hierarchical, screen-space tiles to parallelizing rendering with level of detail. Adapt tiles, render tiles, and machine tiles are associated with CPUs, GPUs, and PCs, respectively, to efficiently parallelize the workload with good resource utilization. Adaptive tile sizes provide load balancing while our level of detail system allows total and independent management of the load on CPUs and GPUs. We demonstrate our approach on parallel configurations consisting of both single PCs and a cluster of PCs.
Hematologic Challenges in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Solid Organ Transplants

Solid organ transplant recipients represent a select population exposed to immunosuppression, antibiotics, opportunistic infections, and surgical trauma. Many of these patients will require intensive care unit management; here we present the most common hematologic challenges. “Closed” intensive care units are the current trend in the United States, with the intensivist functioning as the primary physician and remaining teams functioning as consultants. Most intensivists have had very little exposure to transplant patients; therefore, it is important to be familiar with common hematologic conditions and associated treatment algorithms affecting the transplant population. The first section reviews specific hematologic challenges in liver and kidney transplant recipients, which are the most common solid organ transplants. In the subsequent section, we will review opportunistic infections, immunosuppressants, and antimicrobials that have a hematologic impact in the solid organ transplant population. The last section will focus on miscellaneous hematologic conditions in the transplant population, including graft-versus-host disease and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals informative details of GABA A receptor structural pharmacology: implications for drug discovery

The first cryoEM high-resolution structure of a recombinant full-length heterotrimeric γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAR) subtype α1β3γ2L in complex with important GABAR ligands was published by the Aricescu lab in January 2019 (1,2). GABARs are the major receptors mediating rapid inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) gene superfamily.
Queueing with future information

We study an admissions control problem, where a queue with service rate 1 - p receives incoming jobs at rate λ e (1?p, 1), and the decision maker is allowed to redirect away jobs up to a rate of p, with the objective of minimizing the time-average queue length.We show that the amount of information about the future has a significant impact on system performance, in the heavy-traffic regime. When the future is unknown, the optimal average queue length diverges at rate ~ log 1/1-p 1/1-λ, as λ → 1. In sharp contrast, when all future arrival and service times are revealed beforehand, the optimal average queue length converges to a finite constant, (1 - p)/p, as λ → 1. We further show that the finite limit of (1 - p)/p can be achieved using only a finite lookahead window starting from the current time frame, whose length scales as O(log 1/1-λ), as λ → 1. This leads to the conjecture of an interesting duality between queuing delay and the amount of information about the future.
Flipping the Mathematics Classroom

Flipping a mathematical classroom is a pedagogical approach designed to increase student engagement within the classroom. By moving lectures to the outside of classroom meetings, students can actively engage in the application of mathematical content while in the presence of the teacher. The in-class focus shifts to creating connections to content while allowing the teacher to assist with technique, application, and conceptual concerns. Benefits of this model include increased faculty/student interaction, collaboration with peers to view alternate strategies for solutions, and differentiated instruction for varying student levels. This model can assist with self-efficacy and motivation for struggling learners. While many advantages exist with the model, the chapter also addresses implementation resistance from students, parents, and teachers as the pedagogy changes from a lecture-based model to one of active learning.
A High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium Fuel Transportation Concept

The uranium 235U enrichment commonly used in fuel production for U.S. light water nuclear reactors typically does not exceed 5 wt%. In contrast, many of the currently investigated advanced reactor ...