cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bárbara Mujica, ed., Shakespeare and the Spanish «Comedia». Translation, Interpretation, Performance. Essays in Honor of Susan L. Fischer

Review of Barbara Mujica, ed., Shakespeare and the Spanish «Comedia». Translation, Interpretation, Performance. Essays in Honor of Susan L. Fischer , Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, 2013, 298 pp. ISBN 9781611485172.
Functional privacy or why cookies are better with milk

The price of Internet services is user information, and many pay it without hesitation. While myriad privacy tools exist that thwart the detailed compilation of information about user habits, these tools often assume that reduced functionality is always justified by increased privacy. In contrast, we propose the adoption of functional privacy as a guiding principle in the development of new privacy tools. Functional privacy has the overarching goal of maintaining all functionality while improving privacy as much as practically possible -- rather than forcing users to make decisions about tradeoffs that they may not fully understand. As a concrete example of a functional privacy approach, we implemented Milk, a Google Chrome extension that automatically rewrites HTTP cookies to strictly bind them to the first-party domains from which they were set. We also identify existing privacy-preserving tools that we believe embody the principle of functional privacy and discuss the limitations of others.
Primary care-based ambulatory opioid detoxification: the results of a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of primary care-based ambulatory opioid detoxification (AOD) using two protocols: clonidine and clonidine plus naltrexone.
Comparison of Eight Equations That Predict Percent Body Fat Using Skinfolds in American Youth

Abstract Background: Skinfolds are often used in equations to predict percent body fat (PBF) in youth. Although there are numerous such equations published, there is limited information to help researchers determine which equation to use for their sample. Methods: Using data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we compared eight published equations for prediction of PBF. These published equations all included triceps and/or subscapular skinfold measurements. We examined the PBF equations in a nationally representative sample of American youth that was matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the original equation development population and a full sample of 8- to 18-year-olds. We compared the equation-predicted PBF to the dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured PBF. The adjusted R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and mean signed difference (MSD) were compared. The MSDs were used to examine accuracy and differential bias by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. ...
Polynomial selection in number field sieve for integer factorization

Summary The general number field sieve (GNFS) is the fastest algorithm for factoring large composite integers which is made up by two prime numbers. Polynomial selection is an important step of GNFS. The asymptotic runtime depends on choice of good polynomial pairs. In this paper, we present polynomial selection algorithm that will be modelled with size and root properties. The correlations between polynomial coefficient and number of relations have been explored with experimental findings.
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in an adult.

AbstractWe report a case of rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in a 32-year-old white woman. This highly malignant tumor has been reported previously only in the pediatric age group. The clinical and pathological findings are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
A Multi-sensor View of the 2012 Central Plains Drought from Space

In summer of 2012, the Central Plains of the United States experienced its most severe drought since the ground-based data record began in late 1900s. By using comprehensive satellite data from MODIS and TRMM, along with in-situ observations, this study documents the geophysical parameters associated with this drought, and thereby providing, for the first time, a large-scale observation-based view of the extent to which the land surface temperature and vegetation can likely be affected by both the severe drought and the agriculture’s response (irrigation) to the drought. Over non-irrigated area, 2012 summer daytime land surface temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) monthly anomalies (with respect to climate in 2002-2011) are often respectively greater than 5 K and negative, with some extreme values of 10 K and -0.2 (i.e., no green vegetation). In contrast, much smaller anomalies (< 2 K) of LST and nearly the same NDVI are found over irrigated areas. Precipitation received an average of 5.2 cm less, while both fire counts and fire radiative power were doubled, thus contributing in part to a nearly 100% increase of aerosol optical depth in many forested areas (close to intermountain west). Water vapor amount, while decreased over the southern part, indeed slightly increased in the northern part of Central Plains. As expected, cloud fraction anomaly is negative in the entire Central Plains; however, the greatest reduction of cloud fraction is found over the irrigated areas, which is in contrast to past modeling studies showing more irrigation, because of its impact on LST, may lead to increase of cloud fraction.
Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis

Hypnosis has proven clinical utility, yet changes in brain activity underlying the hypnotic state have not yet been fully identified. Previous research suggests that hypnosis is associated with decreased default mode network (DMN) activity and that high hypnotizability is associated with greater functional connectivity between the executive control network (ECN) and the salience network (SN). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate activity and functional connectivity among these three networks in hypnosis. We selected 57 of 545 healthy subjects with very high or low hypnotizability using two hypnotizability scales. All subjects underwent four conditions in the scanner: rest, memory retrieval, and two different hypnosis experiences guided by standard pre-recorded instructions in counterbalanced order. Seeds for the ECN, SN, and DMN were left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), respectively. During hypnosis there was reduced activity in the dACC, increased functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC;ECN) and the insula in the SN, and reduced connectivity between the ECN (DLPFC) and the DMN (PCC). These changes in neural activity underlie the focused attention, enhanced somatic and emotional control, and lack of self-consciousness that characterizes hypnosis.
Unser Sonnensystem — Übersicht in Zahlen

Die grosen Distanzen im Universum werden in Lichtjahren gemessen. Ein Lichtjahr (Lj.) ist die Strecke, die das Licht, das sich mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 300 000 km/s ausbreitet, in einemJahr zurucklegt. Sie betragt 9,4608 1012 km, also 9,4608 Billionen km. Mit den modernen Radioteleskopen dringt man heute weit in die Tiefen des Weltalls vor; der haufig abgebildete Andromedanebel [1*] ist beispielsweise rund 2 Mio. Lj. von uns weg, und der entfernteste, optisch eben noch nachweisbare Spiralnebel sogar 5 Mrd. Lj. Das Licht dieses fernen extragalaktischen Objekts wurde also zu einer Zeit ausgesandt, als die Erde und die anderen Planeten unseres Sonnensystems noch gar nicht existierten. Der Teil des Universums, der heute mit den leistungsfahigsten optischen Instrumenten erfast wird, enthalt uber 100 Milliarden Sternsysteme oder Galaxien, wobei man annehmen kann, das zu jedem Sternsystem wiederum rund 100 Milliarden Sterne gehoren.
Acral and digital angioleiomyomata: 14-year experience at the Cleveland Clinic and review of the literature

Background Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm thought to derive from the tunica media of small venous vessels. Angioleiomyomata most frequently occur in the lower extremities with less common occurrences on the trunk, head, and upper extremities. Few cases of acral and digital angioleiomyoma have been described in the literature. Methods We add a series of twenty-one patients with acral angioleiomyoma including six cases of digital angioleiomyoma to the body of clinical and histologic findings along with a review of the literature of digital angioleiomyomata. Results Digital angioleiomyoma are equally distributed between male and female patients and are more often painful than the angioleiomyoma of all body sites. Acral angioleiomyomata favor the feet over hands at a ratio of 2.5:1, while digital angioleiomyoma favor the fingers over toes at a ratio of 4.3:1. Conclusions We suggest that vascular leiomyoma be included in the differential diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors with particular regard to the digits of both the hands and feet. Digital angioleiomyomata differ from acral angioleiomyomata in their equal gender distribution, increased tendency to cause pain, and preponderance for the fingers over the toes.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis

Objective : We investigated the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) septic arthritis. Methods : This was a retrospective chart review of CA-MRSA septic arthritis in a tertiary care hospital from 2000-2013. We compared CA-MRSA septic arthritis cases with HA-MRSA septic arthritis cases to identify important differences between the two groups. Results : We identified 11 cases of CA-MRSA septic arthritis and 34 cases of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant SA (HA-MRSA) septic arthritis. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus caused 25% of the MRSA septic arthritis cases. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis occurred in younger patients with fewer comorbidities or risk factors. There was no difference in initial presentation between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus patients were less likely to be treated with appropriate antibiotics initially. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis was associated with increased morbidity with a high percentage of patients developing poor joint outcomes or osteomyelitis complications. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis was also associated with increased utilization of health care resources due to long hospital stays, high readmissions rates, and increased requirements for rehabilitation facility placement and home health support. There was no difference in mortality, poor joint outcome, readmissions, and osteomyelitis complications between CA-MRSA septic arthritis and HA-MRSA septic arthritis. Conclusions : Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis is associated with increased morbidity and health care resource utilization. Increased awareness into CA-MRSA as a cause of septic arthritis in younger patients with no risk factors is important, especially when considering empiric treatment.
A versatile microfluidic platform for the study of cellular interactions between endothelial cells and neutrophils.

Abstract Background Endothelial migration is a critical physiological process during vascular angiogenesis, growth and development, as well as in various disease conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Neutrophil migration, known as the important characteristic of immune responses, is also recognized as a contributor to the diseases involving endothelial migration. Herein, the mutually dependent relationship between neutrophil recruitment and endothelial migration was studied on a microfluidic platform for the first time. Methods An in vivo-like microenvironment is created inside microfluidic devices by embedding a gel scaffold into the micro-chambers. This approach, with controllable stable chemical gradients and the ability to quantitate interaction characteristics, overcomes the limitations of the current in vivo and in vitro assays for cell migration studies. Results The number of neutrophils migrating through the endothelial cell layer is heavily influenced by the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that induces endothelial cell migration in the gel scaffold, and is not as correlated to the concentration of chemokine solution used for initiating neutrophil migration. More importantly, neutrophil migration diminishes the effects of the drug that inhibits endothelial migration and this process is regulated by the concentration of chemokine molecules instead of VEGF concentration. Conclusions The results presented herein demonstrate the complicated cellular interactions between endothelial cells and neutrophils: endothelial migration delicately regulates neutrophil migration while the presence of neutrophils stabilizes the structures of endothelial migration. General significance This study provides deeper understanding of the dynamic cellular interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells as well as the pathogenesis of relevant diseases.
Significance of Alternative Concepts of Budget Deficit (La signification de divers concepts de dÃ©ficit budgÃ©taire) (Significado de distintos conceptos de dÃ©ficit presupuestario)

THE "BUDGET DEFICIT" is among the most widely used concepts in discussions of economic policy. With the preclassical and classical writers of public finance, the importance of budget deficits seems to have stemmed from their concern with prudent finance and with avoiding extravagance by the rulers of rising nation-states.1 The analytical significance of the concept in modern economics arises from its use as a measure to judge the impact of the budget on the economy for short-run fiscal analysis and from the identification of deficit financing with a unique method of mobilizing resources for economic development in less developed countries. In terms of policy, whereas deficit financing in developed countries is advocated as a means of stimulating the economy by raising aggregate demand in conditions of recession, in developing countries it is considered as an instrument by which potential saving can be pre-empted for the public sector, or the rate of investment raised above the level of voluntary saving. Several concepts of budget deficit are currently in use, and the definition of deficit used in a particular context is often not made clear. It is obvious that alternative formulations of budget balances can give significantly different indications, and there has been considerable discussion in the literature on the appropriateness of the use of various concepts
Chiral surface and edge plasmons in ferromagnetic conductors

The recently introduced concept of ``surface Berry plasmons'' is studied in the concrete instance of a ferromagnetic conductor in which the Berry curvature, generated by spin-orbit (SO) interaction, has opposite signs for carrier with spins parallel or antiparallel to the magnetization. By using collisionless hydrodynamic equations with appropriate boundary conditions, we study both the surface plasmons of a three-dimensional ferromagnetic conductor and the edge plasmons of a two-dimensional one. The anomalous velocity and the broken inversion symmetry at the surface or the edge of the conductor create a ``handedness'' whereby the plasmon frequency depends not only on the angle between the wave vector and the magnetization, but also on the direction of propagation along a given line. In particular, we find that the frequency of the edge plasmon depends on the direction of propagation along the edge. These Berry curvature effects are compared and contrasted with similar effects on plasmon dispersions induced by an external magnetic field in the absence of Berry curvature. We argue that Berry curvature effects may be used to control the direction of propagation of the surface plasmons via coupling with the magnetization of ferromagnetic conductors, and thus create a link between plasmonics and spintronics.
Estimated Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates Associated with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

We analyzed retrospectively 127 percutaneous nephrolithotomies performed on 96 patients between 1986 and 1989 to estimate the average total blood loss from the procedure. Blood transfusions and a postoperative decrease in hemoglobin level were combined to estimate total blood loss. The average blood loss for uncomplicated 1-stage single puncture percutaneous nephrolithotomy was 2.8 gm./dl. hemoglobin. Factors potentially influencing blood loss were identified. Multiple punctures and/or renal pelvic perforation was associated with a 2-fold greater blood loss. Half of the expected blood loss occurred in patients with a preexisting nephrostomy tract. Calculus morphology, location, composition and length did not affect total blood loss, nor did the number of fragments or stone-containing calices. Other factors, such as puncture site, type of fascial dilation, hypertension, renal insufficiency, infection, previous open renal surgery or previous extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, also did not affect total estimated blood loss. During the study years the blood transfusion rate was 23% in all patients and 14% in those with a single puncture uncomplicated by renal pelvic perforation and without a mature nephrostomy tract. The only statistically significant risk factors influencing the likelihood of a blood transfusion were preoperative anemia and total blood loss. Although our current transfusion rate associated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (4% in nonanemic patients from 1989 to 1992) is much lower, patients must be made aware of the likelihood of blood transfusion, and urologists should recognize the risk factors for blood loss and transfusion.
An Evaluation of Disaster Mitigation Planning for B.C. First Nations: An Assessment of 5 Comprehensive Community Plans (CCP)

This research project looks at the extent to which natural and technological hazards are being addressed within the Aboriginal and Northern Development Canada's (AANDC) CCP Handbook and ultimately the resulting comprehensive community plans (CCP). Further, we argue that natural hazards are a concern for B.C. First Nations, and show the trends globally, nationally, and provincially for disaster losses."The disaster losses [for the province] are equivalent to an average disaster loss, for all British Columbians, of $184,00018 each day (2007-2012)." (Redmond 2013)In order to ascertain whether these comprehensive plans have incorporated any hazard considerations, there needed to be a criteria that could be used to objectively measure the plans for hazard mitigation planning elements. The Crosswalk, which is a hazard mitigation plan evaluation tool, was selected as the framework for analysis and was applied to the 5 B.C. First Nation community Comprehensive Community Plan's. The Crosswalk is the keystone of this project and is the one tool that breaks down any barriers across all levels of government and jurisdictions in order to align community efforts in a unified action targeting hazard risk reduction (i.e. disaster mitigation). We applied the Crosswalk to the 5 sample plans and we found generally no hazards were considered within those plans. B.C. First Nation communities have been fortunate to have not suffered a hazard event occurrence (e.g. crisis, disaster, or catastrophe) in recent years, however they are vulnerable to a number of hazard threats and there is a high likelihood that they will suffer future disaster losses.As a result, I have provided recommendations which include: suggested improvements for the CCP Handbook, ways in which current communities could integrate hazard mitigation planning into their current plans, and effective training structures that can be used by all levels of government to better incorporate hazard mitigation planning.
Simple Bandpass Amplifiers

In addition to the RLC tuned circuits of Chapter 8, highly selective bandpass circuits can be achieved with lowpass amplifiers together with resistorcapacitor combinations in overall negative or positive feedback configurations. These active RC configurations are a most interesting study in themselves. In this section, only two basic types are introduced to illustrate the realization techniques.
Sanctioning Faith: Religion, State, and U.S.-Cuban Relations

Fidel Castro’s government actively suppressed religion in Cuba for decades. Yet in recent years Cuba has experienced a dramatic flourishing of religious life. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cuban government has increased religious liberty by opening political space for religious belief and practice. In 1991, the Cuban Communist Party removed atheism as a prerequisite for membership. One year later, Cuba amended its constitution to deem itself a secular state rather than an atheist state. Since that time, religious life in Cuba has grown exponentially. All religious denominations, from the Catholic Church to the Afro-Cuban religious societies to the Jewish and Muslim communities, report increased participation in religious rites. Religious social service organizations like Caritas have opened in Cuba, providing crucial social services to Cubans of all religious faiths. These religious institutions are assisted by groups from the United States traveling legally to Cuba on religious visas and carrying vital medicine, aid, and religious paraphernalia. What explains the Cuban government’s sudden accommodation of religion? Drawing on original field research in Havana, I argue that the Cuban government has strategically increased religious liberty for political gain. Loopholes in U.S. sanctions policies have allowed aid to flow into Cuba from the United States via religious groups, tying Cuba’s religious marketplace to its emerging economic markets. The Cuban government has learned from the experience of similar religious awakenings in post-Communist states in Eastern Europe and has shrewdly managed the workings of religious organizations while permitting individual spiritual revival. By allowing greater public expression of religious faith, the Cuban government has opened the door to religious pluralism on the island while closely monitoring religious groups to prevent political opposition. As the Obama Administration has already begun to ease U.S. sanctions on Cuba, these recent changes in Cuban law may allow the U.S. to promote political change in Cuba through religious civil society institutions.
Fostering Mathematical Curiosity.

Mathematical curiosity also includes a desire to explore mathematical ideas p roblem solving is an important component of learn ing mathematics, and that topic continues to receive significant attention in recommendations for school mathematics (NCTM 2000). Yet despite Brown and Walter's (1990) contention that problem posing is an integral part of problem splving, "prob lem posing is almost always overlooked in discus sions of the importance of problem solving in the curriculum" (Silver, Kilpatrick, and Schlesinger 1995, p. 15). Brown and Walter (1990) view problem posing as related to problem solving in two ways. First, they view the process of reconstructing a novel problem by posing new problems?for example, Can I solve a simpler problem? Do I know a related problem?? to be an essential component of problem solving. Polya (1957) outlined a similar approach to prob lem solving. This relationship between problem posing and problem solving is most frequently emphasized in school mathematics; in fact, a ver sion of Polya's problem-solving heuristics can be found in many secondary school mathematics text books. Second, Brown and Walter (1990) suggest that a person often does not fully understand or appreciate the significance of a problem's solution until he or she begins to generate and analyze a new set of related problems. Generating and analyzing problems posed after a solution is determined are the aspects of problem posing that play a significant part in developing mathematical curiosity, the primary focus of this article, and are experiences that most students lack. Webster's New College Dictionary defines curiosity as "a desire to learn or know"; thus, math ematical curiosity might be defined as "a desire to learn or know mathematics." Such a desire certain ly is an attribute that we would like mathematics students to possess. However, mathematical curios ity includes more than simply a desire to learn or to know mathematics. Mathematical curiosity also includes a desire to explore mathematical ideas through posing mathematically interesting prob lems after one has "finished" a problem. The solu tion or aspects of the problem can become spring boards for further exploration. As Sowder (1993, p. 238) notes, problem posing of this nature gives students experience in "making up mathematics, ra her than merely absorbing it" and exposes them to "an important and exciting part of mathematical thinking?the generation of new ideas." Two probl ms follow, along with a number of ex ensions. Discussing the underlying mathematics or the solutions to many of the problems posed is irrelevant to the purpose of this article. Rather, the examples and discussion are meant to illustrate what engaging students in problem posing might mean and how teachers might begin to create class room environments that encourage, develop, and foster mathematical curiosity.
Impact of community respiratory viral infections in urban children with asthma.

Abstract Background Upper respiratory tract viral infections cause asthma exacerbations in children. However, the impact of natural colds on children with asthma in the community, particularly in the high-risk urban environment, is less well defined. Objective We hypothesized that children with high-symptom upper respiratory viral infections have reduced airway function and greater respiratory tract inflammation than children with virus-positive low-symptom illnesses or virus-negative upper respiratory tract symptoms. Methods We studied 53 children with asthma from Detroit, Michigan, during scheduled surveillance periods and self-reported respiratory illnesses for 1 year. Symptom score, spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and nasal aspirate biomarkers, and viral nucleic acid and rhinovirus (RV) copy number were assessed. Results Of 658 aspirates collected, 22.9% of surveillance samples and 33.7% of respiratory illnesses were virus-positive. Compared with the virus-negative asymptomatic condition, children with severe colds (symptom score ≥5) showed reduced forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25%-75%), higher nasal messenger RNA expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-10 and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, and higher protein abundance of CXCL8, CXCL10 and C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCL)-2, CCL4, CCL20, and CCL24. Children with mild (symptom score, 1-4) and asymptomatic infections showed normal airway function and fewer biomarker elevations. Virus-negative cold-like illnesses demonstrated increased FeNO, minimal biomarker elevation, and normal airflow. The RV copy number was associated with nasal chemokine levels but not symptom score. Conclusion Urban children with asthma with high-symptom respiratory viral infections have reduced FEF25%-75% and more elevations of nasal biomarkers than children with mild or symptomatic infections, or virus-negative illnesses.
Fatal Neurologic Dysfunction During Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Background During continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support, neurologic dysfunction (ND) is a common complication and can be fatal. Few reports provide detailed data on neurologic mortality in such patients. Therefore, we examined ND-related mortality during CF-LVAD support. Methods Between November 2003 and March 2016, 526 patients underwent implantation of a CF-LVAD (403 HeartMate II [Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA] and 123 HVAD [HeartWare International, Framingham, MA]) at our center. We categorized ND as hemorrhagic or ischemic and recorded resulting deaths. Records were reviewed to determine preoperative demographics, perioperative variables, prevalence and causes of postimplantation ND, duration of support until ND, time from ND to death, laboratory data and medications at the time of ND, post-ND treatment procedures, and causes of hemorrhagic ND. We also performed Cox multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of ND-related mortality by calculating odds ratios and confidence intervals. Results Neurologic dysfunction occurred in 141 patients (26.8%), 48 (9.1%) of whom subsequently died. Median duration of left ventricular assist device support before ND was 230 days (range, 3 to 2,422), and median time from ND to death was 3.5 days (range, 0 to 55). Parenchymal hemorrhage was the most frequent cause of early conversion (76.7%). In the Cox multivariable regression analysis, predictors of fatal ND were age, ischemic cause of heart failure, history of stroke, and longer intraoperative aortic cross-clamp time. Conclusions Our study elucidates the characteristics and risk factors of patients who died of ND during CF-LVAD support. Further studies are required to find ways to decrease the incidence of fatal ND during CF-LVAD support.
Islamophobia and Radicalization: Roots, Impact and Implications

ISIS recruits from Western societies have triggered a global emphasis on countering violent extremism. This chapter will address the connection between Islamophobia and radicalization: the cultural construction of Islamophobic discourse, role of media and social media on Islamophobia and radicalization, legitimacy of purported theological roots and their impact on domestic and foreign policies.
Planning is Everything: Fostering Success for On-site Collection Moves:

Improving preservation of and access to collections is recognized as a national priority in the U.S. Such improvements often require moving and rehousing collections. Careful planning for move projects is essential even when collections are relocated within renovated existing storage areas. We offer a case study of a rehousing project that required moving over 300,000 objects. A long-range preservation plan, informed by collections assessments and the museum's overall mission and strategic plan, guided all stages of the project. Planning included inventories, a pilot project, and research on other institutions’ move projects. The project plan specified collection packing, moving, temporary storage, and tracking procedures as well as specifications for the new storage systems. The plan allowed modifications during project implementation to handle unanticipated complications. The improvement of physical preservation and access facilitated the next step of the long-range plan: implementation of a data manage...
Activist Localities in the Queer South

Cultural anthropologist Arjun Appadurai’s theories about place link together various surrounding contexts: technology, media, economics, and ideology. He sees locality as a “complex phenomenological quality” (1996, p. 178) that we should not look at as context, but instead focus on how contexts define the boundaries of localities. Appadurai’s theories help to link global and local by taking into account the various surrounding contexts: technology, media, economics, and ideology. This paper uses Appadurai’s theory as a basis to explore how localities emerge in grassroots queer activist practices that combine offline and online tactics in their organizing. I use participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis to gain an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of networked locality created by LGBTQ activists physically located in Southern United States.
Cognitive Impairment in the ED

Efforts to support cognitive function in the emergency department (ED) setting should be performed given the significant volume of patients with dementia and delirium and opportunities for intervention in the ED. Older adults prioritize retention of their memory and independence; therefore, detection of new or progressive cognitive impairment in the ED can facilitated patient- and caregiver-centered care. Delirium detection can be performed with the Confusion Assessment Method, a well-validated tool with widespread use by clinicians and non-clinicians. Aging-friendly EDs should adopt both delirium preventive and treatment measures into their care of older adults. Multiple dementia assessments are available, with the Short Blessed Test being both sensitive and time efficient. Opportunities for specialized inpatient programs, such as Acute Care for Elders, and early outpatient referrals should be considered for patients diagnosed with new or progressive dementia in the ED.
Immunologic Evaluation of Pediatric Chronic and Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis.

BackgroundAlthough pediatric rhinosinusitis is a commonly encountered clinical entity, the diagnostic approach and treatment algorithm are constantly evolving. In addition to anatomic and allergic ...
TBKBP1 and TBK1 form a growth factor signalling axis mediating immunosuppression and tumourigenesis.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) responds to microbial stimuli and mediates the induction of type I interferon (IFN). Here, we show that TBK1 is also a central mediator of growth factor signalling; this function of TBK1 relies on a specific adaptor—TBK-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1). TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to protein kinase C-theta (PKCθ) through a scaffold protein, CARD10. This enables PKCθ to phosphorylate TBK1 at Ser 716, a crucial step for TBK1 activation by growth factors but not by innate immune stimuli. Although the TBK1–TBKBP1 signalling axis is not required for the induction of type I IFN, it mediates mTORC1 activation and oncogenesis. Conditional deletion of either TBK1 or TBKBP1 in lung epithelial cells inhibits tumourigenesis in a mouse model of lung cancer. In addition to promoting tumour growth, the TBK1–TBKBP1 axis facilitates tumour-mediated immunosuppression through a mechanism that involves induction of the checkpoint molecule PD-L1 and stimulation of glycolysis. These findings suggest a PKCθ–TBKBP1–TBK1 growth factor signalling axis that mediates both tumour growth and immunosuppression. Zhu et al. show that, in response to growth factors, TBKBP1 recruits TBK1 to promote its activation by PKCθ, thereby facilitating mTORC1 activation, tumour-mediated immunosuppression and tumourigenesis.
Population Pharmacokinetics of IV Phenobarbital in Neonates After Congenital Heart Surgery.

Objectives To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for IV phenobarbital in neonates following cardiac surgery and perform simulations to identify optimal dosing regimens. Design Retrospective single-center pharmacokinetic study. Setting Cardiac ICU at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Patients Consecutive neonates who received greater than or equal to one dose of IV phenobarbital and had greater than or equal to one phenobarbital concentration drawn per standard of care from June 15, 2012, to October 15, 2018. Interventions None. Measurements and main results A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Simulations were performed using the final model variables. Optimal phenobarbital loading doses were determined based on attainment of peak and maintenance concentrations between 20 and 40 mg/L. A total of 37 neonates contributed 159 pharmacokinetic samples. The median (range) weight, postmenstrual age, and postnatal age were 3.2 kg (1.3-3.8), 39 2/7 weeks (28 2/7 to 42 6/7), and 5 days (0-26 d), respectively. Twelve patients (32%) were on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. An one-compartment model best described the data. The final population pharmacokinetic model included (1) weight and postnatal age for clearance and (2) weight, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and albumin for volume of distribution. In neonates not on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, loading doses of 30 and 20 mg/kg reached goal concentration with albumin values less than or equal to 3 and 3.5 mg/dL, respectively. Loading doses of 30 mg/kg reached goal concentration on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation regardless of albumin values. Maintenance doses of 4-5 mg/kg/d reached goal concentration in all neonates. Conclusions In neonates following cardiac surgery, phenobarbital clearance increased with postnatal age. Volume of distribution increased with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and lower albumin values. Loading doses of 30 mg/kg on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 20-30 mg/kg without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were needed to reach goal concentration based on simulations.
Underutilization of Palliative Care in Metastatic Foregut Cancer Patients Is Associated with Socioeconomic Disparities

Metastatic foregut cancers (MFC) are associated with debilitating symptoms that negatively impact patients’ quality of life. Palliative care (PC) is effective in mitigating disease-, psychosocial-, and treatment-related effects and may improve survival in select cases. Our study characterizes PC utilization rates in MFC and identifies factors associated with PC receipt. We conducted a retrospective review of 228,027 National Cancer Database patients diagnosed with MFC between 2004 and 2016. Chi-squared tests were used to analyze differences between groups receiving and not receiving PC. Logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of factors on the likelihood of receiving PC. Overall PC utilization was low (17.8%). A greater proportion of patients not receiving PC were in the lowest median income quartile of < $38,000/year versus those receiving PC (18.1% vs 17.8%, p < 0.0001). Higher education was associated with increased likelihood of receiving PC (OR 1.23 for communities with < 6.3% no high school degree vs ≥ 17.6%, p < 0.0001). Hispanics were significantly less likely to receive PC compared to Whites (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.68–0.76). Patients treated at academic centers were also more likely to receive PC compared to those treated in the community (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.14). PC is a key component in improving quality of life among MFC patients. Despite slight increases in PC rates over time, PC remains drastically underutilized. Significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in patterns of PC delivery exist. Further studies are needed to understand these disparities in order to identify key targets for interventions aimed at improving equity.
From dyad to network: the evolution of a mentoring relationship

In this narrative account, the authors share how a mentoring relationship between a doctoral student and educational leadership professor experienced the mentoring stage of redefinition when the st...
Effects of Glycyrrhizin Treatment on Diabetic Cornea.

Purpose: To test how glycyrrhizin (GLY) affects mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCEC) and the diabetic murine cornea. Methods: Viability of MCEC grown under normal or high glucose (HG) with/without GLY was tested by an MTT assay. In addition, C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin and a subset of control and diabetic mice received GLY in their drinking water. mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory and oxidative stress molecules were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in both models. Ex vivo studies using human diabetic versus control corneas analyzed proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers using RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: GLY protected against loss of cell viability induced by HG and significantly reduced HMGB1, IL-1β, TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, COX2, SOD2, HO-1, GPX2, and GR1. In vivo, corneas of GLY-treated diabetic mice showed significantly decreased mRNA expression for CXCL2, iNOS, and all molecules listed above; GLY also lowered HMGB1 and IL-1β proteins (in vitro and in vivo). Ex vivo studies using diabetic human corneas revealed elevated mRNA levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress molecules (as listed above for in vivo) versus normal age-matched controls. Protein levels for HMGB1 and IL-1β also were elevated in diabetic human versus control corneas. Conclusions: The data provide evidence that GLY treatment attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro in MCEC and in vivo in the cornea of diabetic mice. Ex vivo data support the similarities of proinflammatory and oxidative stress data in mouse compared to human, suggesting that GLY treatment would have relevancy to patient care.
1536. Impact of Type of Provider on Appropriateness of Treatment for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Outpatient Clinics

Background Patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) receive care in a variety of outpatient settings with medical providers of different levels of training and expertise, especially regarding STIs. We aimed to determine the impact of type of provider on the appropriateness of treatment for chlamydia and gonorrhea in a large integrated health system.
Enriching Lives: How Spending Time with Pets is Related to the Experiential Well-Being of Older Americans

This study examines how caring for pets and walking, exercising, or playing with pets is associated with the experiential well-being of older Americans using activity-episode-level data from the 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Surveys (ATUS) and their associated Well-Being Modules (WBM). Estimating a series of ordered probit models that relate various measures of experiential well-being to different measures of pet-related activities, the results show that caring for pets is associated with greater meaning than other activities, controlling for a standard set of demographic and other person-level characteristics. Walking, exercising, or playing with household pets or animals is associated with greater happiness and meaning and less stress relative to other activities. The results from sensitivity analyses show that the magnitudes of the associations for people who live alone are larger than for those who live with others.
Presence of Pathogen-killed Larvae Influences Nesting Behavior of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata (Fabricius)), a commercial pollinator used for alfalfa seed production, is susceptible to chalkbrood disease via ingested fungal spores. Diseases of insects can elicit behavioral changes in their hosts, but there are no recorded behaviors of alfalfa leafcutting bees in response to this fungal exposure. We conducted field studies to determine whether bees in pathogen-dense environments altered their nesting patterns, specifically if bees exposed to fungal spores produced higher numbers of nest cells and whether the proportions of nest cells that failed as eggs or small larvae (a state known as 'pollen ball') were greater. We found that our control bees, nontreated bees which were not exposed to chalkbrood spores other than those in the natural environment, had the highest proportion of pollen ball cells. Bees experimentally exposed to infective spores created the lowest number of nests and the fewest cells. Bees experimentally exposed to heat killed noninfective spores produced the greatest number of nests and cells overall and the greatest number of healthy progeny. We conclude that there are underlying behaviors that are elicited in response to the presence of chalkbrood spores that reduce the proportion of failed nest cells (grooming) and increase retention of bees at nesting sites (delay of bee emergence). Through further study of these behaviors, bee managers can potentially increase the productivity of their bee populations.
Effects of occupational therapy - led fine motor centers on fine motor skills of preschool-aged children: An evidence-based program evaluation

Aim: This program evaluation examined the effects of occupational therapy (OT)-led fine motor centers (FMCs) on the fine motor skills of typically-developing preschool-aged children.Methods: This p...
Teaching Evaluations Summary

For the Yale College course in constitutional law for which I served as a teaching fellow, students were not asked to provide numerical ratings of my discussion section, but only narrative responses to this question: "Was the relationship between the section and the course effective, and how could it be improved? What are the strengths and weaknesses of your teaching assistant as an instructor, and how might his/her teaching be improved?" I have included below all twelve responses to the question, without omissions or edits. For the three Princeton courses in philosophy (for which I taught six sections total), I have included students’ numerical ratings of my performance as a preceptor as well as their narrative responses to two relevant questions. The first question focused entirely on my precepts: "Please comment on the quality of the precepts. How did they contribute to your learning in the course? To what extent did the preceptor raise challenging questions, help clarify course material, and encourage broad student participation? Was the preceptor responsive to students’ questions, opinions, and criticism?" I have included every response to this question from each of the six precepts, without any omissions or edits. Another question asked: "Please comment on the guidance of the instructor(s) in preparing you to do written work, comments in response to written work, and the overall value of the papers, reports, exams, and problem sets to the course." I have included every response to this question that touched on any aspect of my work as a preceptor in providing guidance and feedback (but have omitted responses that touched only on the professor’s lectures or his choice of essay topics, exam questions, etc.). Again, none of the responses has been edited. Copies of the official registrar reports are available upon request.
FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN MONOLITHIC AND WHISKER REINFORCED CERAMICS

ABSTRACT Fatigue crack propagation was studied for five materials: alumina, two silicon nitrides and two silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina composites. Cyclic loading and low R-ratios caused enhanced fatigue crack growth. The crack growth behavior of the composite was influenced by the rising R-curve of the material. Materials with lower fracture toughness exhibited lower fatigue resistance.
On the equivalence of the simplex methods and a multiplier-alike method for linear programming

In linear programming, the simplex method has been viewed for a long time as an efficient tool. Interior methods have attracted a lot of attention since they were proposed recently. It seems plausible intuitively that there is no reason why a good linear programming algorithm should not be allowed to cross the boundary of the feasible region when necessary. However, such an algorithm is seldom studied. In this paper, we will develop first a framework of a multiplier-alike algorithm for linear programming which allows its trajectory to move across the boundary of the feasible region. Second, we illustrate that such a framework has the potential to perform as well as the simplex method by showing that these methods are equivalent in a well-defined sense, even though they look so different.
Clock schedule verification under process variations

With aggressive scaling down of feature sizes in VLSI fabrication, process variations have become a critical issue in designs, especially for high-performance ICs. Usually having level-sensitive latches for their speed, high-performance IC designs need to verify the clock schedules. With process variations, the verification needs to compute the probability of correct clocking. Because of complex statistical correlations, traditional iterative approaches are difficult to get accurate results. Instead, a statistical checking of the structural conditions for correct clocking is proposed, where the central problem is to compute the probability of having a positive cycle in a graph with random edge weights. The proposed method only traverses the graph once to avoid the correlations among iterations, and it considers not only data delay variations but also clock skew variations. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach has an error of 0.14% on average in comparisons with the Monte Carlo simulations.