cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roosevelt and Churchill

The Churchill-Roosevelt correspondence is unique. From time immemorial heads of state have corresponded with one another; when European dynasties were linked by a chain of intermarriages nothing was more natural than that they should deal with each other as nieces with uncles (like Victoria and King Leopold) or even as husbands with wives (like Philip of Spain and Mary). But in such communications the intimacy was generally in inverse proportion to the weight of the business to be transacted; when haute politique was at issue such exchanges, in form or in substance, were hardly distinguishable from the despatches of diplomats. In any case, in days of slow communications, exchanges were sparse and intermittent; even where the will to share the making of policy existed the scope for doing so was constricted. For that, something faster and more regular even than the penny post was requisite. The telegraph and the cable, with code and cypher, were indispensable. Technological developments apart, the remarkably continuous and detailed character of the Churchill-Roosevelt correspondence depended upon a variety of factors in the political environment itself. Its distinctive nature derives from the common extended enterprise in which both the writers participated, and there is no enterprise that so continuously engrosses heads of state as the conduct of a wartime alliance, especially in a modern total war. Furthermore, both these alliance leaders were strong and positive personalities who, though working within a constitutional framework, were able to exchange their thoughts and plans freely in the assurance that what they spoke they could generally deliver; thus a man-to-man style pervades the handling of business that involves ultimately the collective will of two nations. What is more, President and Prime Minister spoke to each other not only as intimates, but also as equals. For the first and perhaps the last time two leaders of English-speaking democracies combined in elaborating
A Hybrid Shared-Nothing/Shared-Data Storage Scheme for Large-Scale Data Processing

Shared-nothing and shared-disk are the two most common storage architectures of parallel databases in the past two decades. Both two types of systems have their own merits for different applications. However, there are no much efforts in investigating the integration of these two architectures and exploiting their merits together. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid storage architecture for large-scale data processing, to leverage the benefits of both shared-nothing and shared-disk architectures. In the proposed hybrid system, we adopt a shared-nothing architecture as the hardware layer and leverage a parallel file system as the storage layer to combine the scattered disks on all database nodes. We present an overall design of the new scheme, including data and storage organization, data access modes, and query processing methods. The proposed hybrid scheme can achieve both high I/O performance as a shared-nothing system, and high-speed data sharing across all server nodes as a share-disk system. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid scheme is promising and more appropriate for large-scale and data-intensive applications than each of the two individual types of systems.
Diminished respiratory muscle endurance persists after cardiac transplantation

Abstract Although maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity was reduced in CHF and transplant patients, it is important to emphasize that the work performed by these patients may not be similar to that of the normal subjects. External work performed by both groups was identical, although the internal work was different. Increased work of breathing in patients may be the mechanism producing the apparent diminished endurance. Indeed, the major limitation of this study is failure to measure the work of breathing. In patients with CHF, an elevated work of breathing is well described. Although pulmonary hypertension rapidly resolves after transplantation, chronic fibrotic pulmonary parenchymal changes may occur which could lead to decreased lung compliance and an increased work of breathing. Most probably, it is a combination of both increased work of breathing and decreased endurance that leads to the reduction in maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity in these patients.
Recent Progress in Bioarchaeology: Approaches to the Osteological Paradox

The publication of The Osteological Paradox (Wood et al., 1992, Current Anthropology, 33:343–370) a decade ago sparked debate about the methods and conclusions drawn from bioarchaeological research. Wood et al. (1992, Current Anthropology, 33:343–370) highlighted the problematic issues of selective mortality and hidden heterogeneity in frailty (susceptibility to illness), and argued that the interpretation of population health status from skeletal remains is not straightforward. Progress in bioarchaeology over the last few years has led to the development of tools that will help us grapple with the issues of this “osteological paradox.” This paper provides a review of recent literature on age and sex estimation, paleodemography, biodistance, growth disruption, paleopathology, and paleodiet. We consider how these advances may help us address the implications of hidden heterogeneity in frailty and selective mortality for studies of health and adaptation in past societies.
Neurocognitive Costs and Benefits of Psychotropic Medications in Older Adults

Psychotropic medications are widely used in older adults and may cause neurocognitive deficits. Older adults are at increased risk of developing adverse effects because of age-related pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the undesirable, and at times beneficial, effects of psychotropic medications. The review covers a wide range of medications that impair executive function, memory, and attention, as well as a much smaller group of medications that lead to improved neurocognitive function. Some of the most commonly used psychotropic medications in older adults, namely, antidepressants, sedatives, and hypnotics, are among the drugs that most consistently lead to cognitive impairments. Medications with anticholinergic properties almost invariably lead to neurocognitive dysfunction, despite symptom improvement. The neurocognitive costs and benefits of psychiatric medications should be considered in the context of disease treatment in older adults.
A Response to Nelson and Mahowald

It is gratifying that thoughtful philosophers and bioethicists like Mahowald and Nelson are continuing to address the objections to prenatal testing that have been made by disability scholars and advocates. But it is frustrating to see those objections presented in ways that reflect the doubts of those who reject them more than the intentions of those who make them, in ways that make those objections appear censorious toward pregnant women and prospective parents or naive about nonverbal expression. We recognize that disability critics share the responsibility for these misunderstandings, that their objections to prenatal disability testing have not always been made as clearly or consistently as they might have been. We therefore welcome this opportunity for clarification and rebuttal. Briefly, we will argue against Mahowald that it is not apparent how prospective parents could have a duty to potential offspring requiring them to prevent the birth of any child expected to have a life worth living. And we will remind Nelson that our primary concern is with the perpetuation of stigma; that even if any reason for abortion can be framed in terms of a trait of the fetus to be aborted, only certain reasons for abortion are based on the rejection of future children because of stigmatized traits.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY HIGH-FIDELITY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF AEROSPACE VEHICLES, PART 1: FORMULATION

YC An objective of the High Performance Computing and Communication Program at the NASA Langley Research Center is to demonstrate multidisciplinary shape and sizing optimization of a complete aerospace vehicle configuration by using high-fidelity, finite- element structural analysis and computational fluid dynamics aerodynamic analysis in a distributed, heterogeneous computing environment that includes high performance parallel computing. A software system has been designed and implemented to integrate a set of existing discipline analysis codes, some of them computationally intensive, into a distributed computational environment for the design of a high- speed civil transport configuration. The paper describes the engineering aspects of formulating the optimization by integrating these analysis codes and associated interface codes into the system. The discipline codes are integrated by using the Java programming language and a Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) compliant software product. A companion paper presents currently available results.
Abstract 2342: Sphingosine Kinase & Sphingosine 1-phosphate Modulation On Microglia And Brain Derived Endothelial Cells

Sphingolipid metabolites, have emerged as a new class of potent bioactive molecules, implicated in a variety of cellular processes. In particular, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) the product of sphingosine phosphorylation, through transactivation of five cognate G protein-coupled receptors namely endothelial cell differentiation gene receptors (EDGs/S1P1-5), promotes proliferation, differentiation, enhances cell survival and inhibits apoptosis in different cellular systems. Modulation of sphingolipids and their receptors has been shown in some stroke models to be neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory. We undertook this study to elucidate the role of S1P receptor subtypes and sphinosine kinase (SPHK) in models of brain derived endothelial cells and microglia. We studied mono and co-cultures where endotoxin (LPS) activated microglia stimulate endothelial cell death. After documenting SPHK1/ 2 expression in microglia by immunofluorescence, we found that an agonist of SPHK ((2-(p-Hydrozyanilino)-4(p-chlorophenyl) tiazole, SKI) preserved microvascular endothelial cells, and markedly prevented microglia-induced endothelial cell injury. Furthermore, SKI inhibited iNOS and NO generation in microglia by both endotoxin as well as a second TLR4 agonist (Kdo2-Lipid (ADi[3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl]-lipid A) (*P
A Referential Communication Demonstration Versus a Lecture-Only Control: Learning Benefits

To evaluate a demonstration involving active and cooperative learning, 40 students in a cognitive psychology course and 132 students in an introductory psychology course completed a brief multiple-...
Microwave characterization of fly ash geopolymerization

Alkali-activated fly ash geopolymers are structural materials that can be used as a sustainable alternative to ordinary portland cement concrete in infrastructure applications. However, the widespread use of geopolymers by the construction industry has been limited in part by a lack of understanding about the fundamental reaction mechanisms that occur during their formation. Since microwave signals are very sensitive to the presence and binding state of water, microwave materials characterization is used to investigate the role of water in two fly ash geopolymers during reaction at early ages. The results indicate that this measurement technique has a promising potential for assessment of changes in geopolymer material properties during their formation. This will allow for better prediction and control of the setting behavior and mechanical and durability properties of geopolymers.
Effect of irradiation on the parameters that influence quality characteristics of raw turkey breast meat

Abstract This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms of quality changes in raw turkey breast meat by irradiation. Raw turkey breast meat was irradiated at 0 kGy, 1.5 kGy, 3.0 kGy and 4.5 kGy, and changes in quality parameters including color, lipid and protein oxidation, and off-odor volatiles were determined. Irradiation accelerated lipid and protein oxidation, and increased redness in raw turkey breast meat. However, irradiation had less effect on the volatile profiles of salt-soluble muscle extract than water-soluble muscle extract because the primary radiolytic product from water (hydroxyl radical) had higher chances to react with the water-soluble molecules nearby. The radiolytic degradation products from sulfur-containing amino acids and aldehydes from lipid oxidation were two major volatile compounds responsible for the off-odor of irradiated raw turkey breast meat. Dimethyl disulfide was found only in irradiated raw turkey breast meat, and the amount of dimethyl disulfide linearly increased as the irradiation dose increased, indicating that this compound can be used as a marker for irradiate meat.
A non-classical Mindlin plate model incorporating microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects

A non-classical model for a Mindlin plate resting on an elastic foundation is developed in a general form using a modified couple stress theory, a surface elasticity theory and a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation model. It includes all five kinematic variables possible for a Mindlin plate. The equations of motion and the complete boundary conditions are obtained simultaneously through a variational formulation based on Hamilton's principle, and the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects are treated in a unified manner. The newly developed model contains one material length-scale parameter to describe the microstructure effect, three surface elastic constants to account for the surface energy effect, and two foundation parameters to capture the foundation effect. The current non-classical plate model reduces to its classical elasticity-based counterpart when the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects are all suppressed. In addition, the new model includes the Mindlin plate models considering the microstructure dependence or the surface energy effect or the foundation influence alone as special cases, recovers the Kirchhoff plate model incorporating the microstructure, surface energy and foundation effects, and degenerates to the Timoshenko beam model including the microstructure effect. To illustrate the new Mindlin plate model, the static bending and free vibration problems of a simply supported rectangular plate are analytically solved by directly applying the general formulae derived.
Herding in Money Demand

Big Players influence the demand for money in ways not easily captured by traditional monetary theory. Most monetary economists have been in search of a well-specified model that will allow them to track accurately the demand for money and predict its future movements. By the early 1970s, a general consensus had emerged among economists about the functional form of money demand. This form seemed highly stable in the period after the Second World War.2 At about the same time the Federal Reserve System began a long series of changes in its policies and procedures. As argued below, these changes produced greater Fed activism and discretion. Shortly thereafter money demand estimates became unstable, and the emerging data began to expose shortcomings in the accepted models. Most economists came to believe these problems with tracking money demand were a product of misspecification of the models. Since the 1970s, the game has been one of discovering which measure of income or wealth to use, which measure of risk, and which measure of liquidity, as well as some way to account for advances in payment technologies and institutional change. Yet, no model to date has been robust over time.
Benign Familial Convulsions

Results of linkage analysis between benign infantile familial convulsions (BIFC) and two linked DNA markers, D20S19 and D20S20, in 52 members from eight BIFC pedigrees are reported from centers in Montpellier and Paris, France, and Rome and Treviso, Italy.
Challenges in Implementation of the New Accreditation System.

Despite major changes in US Graduate Medical Education, from Core Competencies (2002) to the Next Accreditation System (2012), few studies have evaluated the role of the Residency Coordinator in pr...
Development of a spirituality-infused cognitive behavioral intervention for individuals with serious mental illnesses.

Objective Spirituality offers a vital coping resource that can bolster mental health and psychosocial well-being for individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI). However, limited research on spirituality-infused evidence-based interventions exists to assist providers in mobilizing spirituality as a mental health resource. This article presents the cognitive-behavioral intervention Spiritual Strategies for Psychosocial Recovery (SSPR), developed to promote recovery among ethnoculturally diverse individuals with SMI by strengthening their coping mechanisms for internal and external distress through spiritual means. Methods SSPR was developed in 5 steps: (1) observation of current recovery services at a partnering psychosocial rehabilitation center; (2) creation of a treatment manual based on extant literature, the authors' evidence-based practice expertise, and observational data; (3) testing of specific SSPR skills with consumers; (4) refinement of the manual by using testing data; and (5) testing of the manual for feasibility with 37 consumers. Results Initial feasibility testing indicated that the intervention was accepted and valued by participants and providers; did not trigger psychiatric disturbances; and provided accessible spirituality-based distress coping tools for helping participants manage psychological difficulties in the community. Conclusions and implications for practice SSPR and its nondenominational spirituality-based distress coping skills appear to be well tolerated by consumers and providers. Thus, SSPR might be useful for providers seeking to address consumers' distress coping by capitalizing on their existing or potential spiritual strengths. Future research is needed to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness with randomized controlled trial designs in clinical and community settings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Enhanced Quantum Dot Spontaneous Emission with Multilayer Metamaterial Nanostructures

The Purcell effect of quantum dot (QD) spontaneous emission with Ag-SiO2 multilayer metamaterial nanostructures has been demonstrated in experiment and simulation. A broadband enhanced spontaneous emission rate of QDs is observed due to large local density of states in the epsilon-near-zero and hyperbolic regions of multilayer structures. Multilayer gratings are utilized to further enhance the QD spontaneous emission as the QDs located inside the grating grooves strongly interact with high-k coupled surface plasmon polariton modes. Photoluminescence decay measurements are in good agreement with both analytical treatment with a nonlocal effect and three-dimensional finite-element simulation. Detailed studies of QD position and polarization effects on emission rate enhancement for multilayer and multilayer grating nanostructures provide important insight for understanding the coupling mechanisms of emitter–multilayer interaction and the engineering of local density of states in metamaterial nanostructures. ...
Outcomes of Melanoma In Situ Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery Compared With Wide Local Excision.

Importance Melanoma in situ (MIS) is increasing in incidence, and expert consensus opinion recommends surgical excision for therapeutic management. Currently, wide local excision (WLE) is the standard of care. However, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is now used to treat a growing subset of individuals with MIS. During MMS, unlike WLE, the entire cutaneous surgical margin is evaluated intraoperatively for tumor cells. Objective To assess the outcomes of patients with MIS treated with MMS compared with those treated with WLE. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review of a prospective database. The study cohort consisted of 662 patients with MIS treated with MMS or WLE per standard of care in dermatology and surgery (general surgery, otolaryngology, plastics, oculoplastics, surgical oncology) at an academic tertiary care referral center from January 1, 1978, to December 31, 2013, with follow-up through 2015. Exposure Mohs micrographic surgery or WLE. Main Outcomes and Measures Recurrence, overall survival, and melanoma-specific survival. Results There were 277 patients treated with MMS (mean [SD] age, 64.0 [13.1] years; 62.1% male) and 385 treated with WLE (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [15.6] years; P P P P = .07). Mean (SD) time to recurrence after MMS was 3.91 (4.4) years, and after WLE, 4.45 (2.7) years ( P = .73). The 5-year recurrence rate was 1.1% in the MMS group and 4.1% in the WLE group ( P = .07). For WLE-treated tumors, the surgical margin taken was greater for tumors that recurred compared with tumors that did not recur ( P = .003). Five-year overall survival for MMS was 92% and for WLE was 94% ( P = .28). Melanoma-specific mortality for the MMS group was 2 vs 13 patients for the WLE group, with mean (SD) survival of 6.5 (4.8) and 6.1 (0.8) years, respectively ( P = .77). Conclusions and Relevance No significant differences were found in the recurrence rate, overall survival, or melanoma-specific survival of patients with MIS treated with MMS compared with WLE.
What a Decade (2006–15) Of Journal Abstracts Can Tell Us about Trends in Ocean and Coastal Sustainability Challenges and Solutions

Text mining and analytics may offer possibilities to assess scientists’ professional writing and identify patterns of co-occurrence between words and phrases associated with different environmental challenges and their potential solutions. This approach has the potential to help to track emerging issues, semi-automate horizon scanning processes, and identify how different institutions or policy instruments are associated with different types of ocean and coastal sustainability challenges. Here I examine ecologically-oriented ocean and coastal science journal article abstracts published between 2006 and 2015. Informed by the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, I constructed a dictionary containing phrases associated with 40 ocean challenges and 15 solution-oriented instrument or investments. From 50,817 potentially relevant abstracts, different patterns of co-occurring text associated with challenges and potential solutions were discernable. Topics receiving significantly increased attention in the literature in 2014-15 relative to the 2006-13 period included: marine plastics and debris; environmental conservation; social impacts; ocean acidification; general terrestrial influences; co-management strategies; ocean warming; licensing and access rights; oil spills; and economic impacts. Articles relating to global environmental change were consistently among the most cited; marine plastics and ecosystem trophic structure were also focal topics among the highly cited articles. This exploratory research suggests that scientists’ written outputs provide fertile ground for identifying and tracking important and emerging ocean sustainability issues and their possible solutions, as well as the organizations and scientists who work on them.
Reducing Safety Hazards in the Home through the Use of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program

Unintentional child injury is a significant public health concern and leading cause of death among children. Though the majority of unintentional injuries are preventable, few interventions target child injury hazards. Since many unintentional injuries occur in the home, home visiting may be an effective method for modifying unsafe home environments. In this paper, we examined whether a behavioral parenting program conducted in the home would reduce home safety hazards among families who were in the child welfare system or at risk for child maltreatment. Paired t-tests were used to analyze the change in number of safety hazards, as measured by the Home Accident Prevention Inventory-Revised, across four types of rooms. Significant reductions in home hazards were demonstrated across room type after program participation. Results suggest that families at risk for child maltreatment can have significant reductions in home safety hazards following program participation.
Triptolide and celastrol loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles show synergistic effect against human pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a dreadful 5-year survival rate of only 5%. In spite of several treatment options, the prognosis still remains extremely poor. Therefore, novel therapy strategies with combinations of drugs are urgently required to combat this fatal disease. Triptolide (TPL) and celastrol (CL), two main compounds in traditional Chinese medicine isolated from Thunder God Vine, have a broad range of bioactivities including anticancer activity. Silk fibroin (SF), a naturally occurring protein with several unique properties, is an ideal carrier material. In this study, we prepared TPL and CL loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles (TPL-SFNPs and CL-SFNPs) by a modified desolvation method and evaluated their synergistic effects against human pancreatic cancer cells. Both SFNPs were characterized for particle size and zeta potential. The entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and drug release profiles were evaluated by HPLC. The cytotoxicity and synergistic effect of SFNPs were investigated in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 human pancreatic cells. The results showed that the particle sizes of TPL-SFNPs and CL-SFNPs were 166.4 ± 4.6 nm and 170.4 ± 2.3 nm, with a mean zeta potential -27.2 ± 2.0 mV and -25.5 ± 2.57 mV, respectively. TPL-SFNPs and CL-SFNPs have a drug loading of 57.0 ± 4.7 μg mg-1 and 63.5 ± 3.8 μg mg-1 along with an encapsulation efficiency of 81.8 ± 2.8% and 87.0 ± 5.1%, respectively. Drug release studies revealed that a rapid release of the drugs from SFNPs was observed at pH 4.5 (lysosomal pH) and a delayed release was observed at pH 7.4 (plasma pH). TPL-SFNPs (IC50 3.80 and 4.75 nM) and CL-SFNPs (IC50 0.38 and 0.64 μM) were 2-3 fold more potent against MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells than free TPL (IC50 11.25 and 11.58 nM) and CL (IC50 0.84 and 1.23 μM). Furthermore, co-treatment with TPL-SFNPs and CL-SFNPs increased the growth inhibition of the same cells significantly in comparison with TPL-SFNPs or CL-SFNPs alone. Almost all combination index (CI) values, calculated using the CompuSyn software, were <1, suggesting that the growth inhibition effect of TPL-SFNPs in combination with CL-SFNPs was synergistic rather than additive, further suggesting that this novel combination may offer a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Exchange bias and enhanced anisotropy from exchange coupled Fe 3 C/CoO nanoaggregates

Abstract A comparative magnetic study was conducted on Fe3C and Fe3C/CoO for potential enhancement in magnetic properties due to exchange interaction in ferro/antiferromagnetic systems. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of iron carbide and CoO while XPS determined presence of a CoFe2O4 and a small percent of FexCoxC at the interface. Transmission electron microscopy showed a polydispersed network of 47 nm of Fe3C coated with 17 nm CoO nanoparticles. Due to the intrinsic nature of the interface an enhanced coercivity (600 Oe) above the blocking temperature was observed in comparison to the bare Fe3C nanoparticles (450 Oe). Upon cooling below the Neel temperature and Verwey temperature for CoO and CoFe2O4 a maximum exchange bias of 150 Oe occurred at 50 K. Results have shown a plausible way to enhance the anisotropy of the iron carbide while broadening its potential applications for spin valve systems.
Therapies for advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion or metastatic disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease most commonly arising in the background of chronic liver disease. In the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in our understanding of both the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of HCC. There has been a robust increase in clinical trial activity in patients with poor prognostic factors, such as macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic spread (EHS). We aimed to synthesize the evidence for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC based on these baseline characteristics, including patients with both Child-Pugh (CP) scores of A and B. A comprehensive search of several databases from each database inception to February 15, 2016 any language was conducted. We included 14 studies (three randomized controlled studies [RCTs] and 11 observational studies). We included studies that compared sorafenib, transarterial bland embolization/transarterial chemoembolization, yttrium-90/radiation therapy, ablation (or combination), and no therapy. Two RCTs comparing sorafenib to best supportive care demonstrated a consistent improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced HCC and metastatic vascular invasion (MVI) and/or EHS and CP A liver disease (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.87]; I2 = 0%). Several observational studies evaluated locoregional therapies alone or in combination with other treatments and were limited by very-low-quality of evidence. This was true for both patients with EHS and MVI. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced HCC and CP A liver function, sorafenib is the only treatment that has been shown to improve OS in randomized studies. High-quality data supporting the use of other treatment modalities in this setting, or in the setting of patients with less compensated (CP B) liver disease, are lacking. (Hepatology 2018;67:422-435).
Abstract 15963: Understanding Hospital Readmissions in Female Patients Admitted With Heart Failure Complicated by Atrial Fibrillation: A Get With the Guidelines - Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) Study

Background: Over 2.5 million women in the US have heart failure (HF) accounting for the leading cause of hospitalization in women over 65. Despite the high prevalence, women with HF are understudie...
Social Media, Civic Engagement, and Technology Use in Local Government Agencies: Findings from a National Survey

This report presents findings from a 2012 national survey of local governments on public participation, technology and social media use, and eGovernment, as part of a long-term research study interested in understanding the relationships between technology and civic engagement in local governments sponsored by the Institute for Policy and Civic Engagement (IPCE) at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The survey was administered to a randomly selected sample of agencies in local governments where the government is of sufficient size and capacity to purchase and use technology for civic engagement. The survey was administered to individuals working in five positions: City Manager/City Administrator, Director of Community and/or Economic Development, Finance Director, Director of Parks and Recreation, and Deputy Police Chief. A total of 2428 individuals received the invitation to participate, with 703 responding for a total response rate of 29%. This report draws from the statistical analysis of survey data and is organized into three sections: participation, utilization of technology and social media, and eGovernment.
Mixed Approaches to CS0: Exploring Topic and Pedagogy Variance after Six Years of CS0

Since 2010, the Cal Poly Computer Science Department has required computing majors to select from a variety of CS0 courses to start their academic year. The broad objective of the course is to attract and retain undergraduates that have no prior experience in CS by using authentic problems that demonstrate the relevance and highlight the role of computers in solving "real world" problems. The course is offered in a variety of thematic "flavors" that leverage a student's pre-existing interests (e.g. in music or art), but all share the common goals of introducing students to the basics of programming, teamwork, and college-level study. While there is overlap in overall goals, the courses vary drastically in topic matter (e.g. robotics, gaming, music, computational art, mobile apps, security) and in pedagogical approach (e.g. principles of design, project-based student driven learning, and traditional topic-based programming modules). The introduction of this CS0 course has increased students' commitment to their major and success in follow-on classes. We present these successes and show that student GPAs in a follow-on object oriented programming course do not vary significantly for the differing subtopics and teaching pedagogies employed in the various flavors. Our report includes examining two student subgroups (those experienced with programming and those new to programming). Our evaluations suggest that the existence and goal of the course matter more than the specific content, with all subtopics and pedagogical approaches performing well.
Correction to: The Accounting Standards Setting Process in the U.S.: Examination of the SEC–FASB Relationship

In the original publication of an article, the authors inadvertently failed to cite the original source for Section 3, A Brief History of the SEC and the Evolution of Standard Setting Bodies.
Dominant phonon polarization conversion across dimensionally mismatched interfaces: Carbon-nanotube–graphene junction

Dimensionally mismatched interfaces are emerging for thermal management applications, but thermal transport physics remains poorly understood. Here we consider the carbon-nanotube--graphene junction, which is a dimensionally mismatched interface between one- and two-dimensional materials and is the building block for carbon-nanotube (CNT)--graphene three-dimensional networks. We predict the transmission function of individual phonon modes using the wave packet method; surprisingly, most incident phonon modes show predominantly polarization conversion behavior. For instance, longitudinal acoustic (LA) polarizations incident from CNTs transmit mainly into flexural transverse (ZA) polarizations in graphene. The frequency stays the same as the incident mode, indicating elastic transmission. Polarization conversion is more significant as the phonon wavelength increases. We attribute such unique phonon polarization conversion behavior to the dimensional mismatch across the interface, and it opens significantly new phonon transport channels as compared to existing theories where polarization conversion is neglected.
Strategic Note for a Digital Innovation Policy

Future-oriented production methods, systems and tools driven by industry 4.0 generate fundamental transformative processes at local and global level. The “rise of Industry” vision addresses the entire field of advanced manufacturing. Within the high relevant trend of personalization, these thoughts regard people-oriented horizontal policy aspects with related middle-course tasks for moving value chain processes and addressing societal impacts. To enable a society paradigm shift, these thoughts propose a “people-centered” model for realizing high-value production and societal innovation. Trends and emerging popular expectations require the strategic interplay of techno-economic objectives and people-oriented values and life-styles. In this direction, forward-looking and sense-making approach can strengthen advanced manufacturing 4.0 initiatives within the large undergoing societal transformation. Horizontal policy aspects are briefly reported as middle-course tasks towards 2030. The focus goes to social connectivity as a key enabling factor also for manufacturing success to engage demand driven people creativity for value creation for a sustainable progress.
Through-and-Through Transpancreatic Duct-to-Mucosa (Blumgart) Pancreaticojejunostomy

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (PF) is a common surgical complication following the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy). Several interventions have been advocated to diminish the rate of clinically significant fistulae, which can approach 30% in high-risk patients. The method of pancreatic anastomosis has been the subject of considerable study, and herein we describe the through-and-through transpancreatic duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, also known as the Blumgart anastomosis. Clinical evidence, including retrospective institutional series, comparison studies, and single-institution randomized trials all demonstrate a decreased incidence of PF, as well as improved secondary endpoints such as length of stay and overall surgical complications. Given these findings, we describe here the key considerations in this surgical technique and review the body of clinical evidence surrounding its utilization in the clinical setting.
Automobile Curtailment: Interaction with Psychological Variables/Consequences/Strategies

In this age of possible fuel shortage and increasing pollution auto curtailment could become a reality. The impact of psychological variables on auto use and ownership; the psychological consequences of auto curtailment; and psychological strategies to make restrictions acceptable are discussed. Modifying auto use by psychological means can be complex.
Behavior of Metal — Polyimide Interfaces Under Degradative Ambients

During wire bond reliability testing, samples which contained multilayer thin film metal bonding pads on polyimide were subjected to thermal cycling in deleterious ambients. Subsequently the bonds were pull tested. Wire bond pull test results showed that the region between the metal and the polyimide had degraded. This degradation is evidenced by low pull strengths and apparent interfacial failures.
Pediatric Cervical Lymphadenitis

Enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and neck region is a common presenting symptom in the pediatric population as the upper aerodigestive tract is a common source of inoculation of many infectious agents. While infectious processes—both viral and bacterial and both acute and chronic—are the most likely etiology of enlargement of cervical lymph nodes, other potential causes including inflammatory conditions and malignancy should be considered in the evaluation of cervical adenopathy. In this article, the anatomy and physiology as well as pathophysiology of the head and neck lymphatic system will be reviewed as this relates to clinical presentation of cervical lymphadenitis. Also, the myriad causes for cervical adenopathy will be discussed with a comprehensive review of the epidemiology of infectious etiologies. An evidence-based framework for the diagnostic workup and therapeutic interventions available to appropriately manage infectious cervical lymphadenitis will be reviewed, and the complications that can result from failure to adequately diagnose and treat cervical lymphadenitis will be discussed.
A Review Essay of Transforming Our Practices: Indigenous Art, Pedagogies, and Philosophies

Transforming Our Practices: Indigenous Art, Pedagogies, and Philosophies is a much needed collaborative text assembled around Indigenous arts and ways of knowing. The editors, Christine Ballengee M...
Understanding Bad-Boy Celebrity Endorser Effectiveness: The Fantasy-Based Relationship, Hedonic Consumption, and Congruency Model

AbstractCurrent theories of source persuasion and endorser credibility posit that celebrities become ineffective endorsers when they have been involved in a scandal. However, little attention has b...
A Camera with Brain – Embedding Machine Learning in 3D Sensors

The cameras today are designed to capture signals with highest possible accuracy to most faithfully represent what it sees. However, many mission-critical autonomous applications ranging from traffic monitoring to disaster recovery to defense requires quality of information, where useful information depends on the tasks and is defined using complex features, rather than only changes in captured signal. Such applications require cameras that capture useful information from a scene with highest quality while meeting system constraints such as power, performance, and bandwidth. This paper will discuss the feasibility of a camera that learns how to capture task-dependent information with highest quality, paving the pathway to design a camera with brain. 3D integration of digital pixel sensors with massively parallel computing platform for machine learning creates a hardware architecture for such a camera. The paper will discuss embedded machine learning algorithms that can run on such platform to enhance quality of useful information by real-time control of the sensor parameters. We conclude by identifying critical challenges as well as opportunities for hardware and algorithmic innovations to enable machine learning in the feedback loop of a 3D image sensor based camera.
Observation of optical gain in Er-Doped GaN epilayers

Abstract Rare-earth based lasing action in GaN semiconductor at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.5 μm has been demonstrated at room temperature. We have reported the stimulated emission under the above bandgap excitation from Er doped GaN epilayers prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Using the variable stripe technique, the observation of the stimulated emission has been demonstrated through characteristic features of threshold behavior of emission intensity as functions of pump intensity, excitation length, and spectral linewidth narrowing. Using the variable stripe setup, the optical gain up to 75 cm−1 has been obtained in the GaN:Er epilayers. The near infrared lasing from GaN semiconductor opens up new possibilities for extended functionalities and integration capabilities for optoelectronic devices.
Yoga improves balance, mobility, and perceived occupational performance in adults with chronic brain injury: A preliminary investigation

Abstract Background and purpose This was a preliminary investigation to investigate potential benefits of group yoga, as past work has indicated that one-on-one yoga can improve functional deficits in adults with brain injury. Materials and methods Participants served as their own controls. Nine participants with chronic brain injury were recruited, and seven (four female) completed the study. Performance measures of balance and mobility and self-reported measures of balance confidence, pain, and occupational performance and satisfaction were used. Data were collected 3 times: baseline (study onset), pre-yoga (after an 8-week no-contact period), and post-yoga (after 8 weeks of yoga). Group yoga was led by a yoga instructor/occupational therapist, and sessions lasted 1 h and occurred twice a week. Results No participants withdrew due to adverse effects from yoga. There were no significant changes between baseline and pre-yoga. Significant improvement was observed post-yoga in balance (p = 0.05), mobility (p = 0.03), and self-reported occupational performance (p = 0.04). Conclusion We observed significant improvements in balance, mobility, and self-reported occupational performance in adults with chronic brain injury.
Antecedents to and Outcomes of Same-sex Couples’ Coming Out Talk

Coming out talk is a crucial and unique conversation in a same-sex relationship where same-sex partners discuss disclosing their stigmatized relationships to a third party. Guided by the Theory of ...
The strategic transformation of accounting into a learned profession

The skills gap in the accounting profession is not a new issue. More than 30 years of research and studies all point to an ever-increasing disparity between what accountants do and what the mainstr...
Dual-task training to offset technologically induced human error: justification and call for further research

There is a lack of published research examining ways to mitigate the effects of attention on human error prevalence in the marine setting. Evidence from the aviation industry, a very similar field,...
Risk factors for alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette polysubstance use during adolescence and young adulthood: A 7-year longitudinal study of youth at high risk for smoking escalation

Abstract Introduction Alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana are the three most widely used substances among adolescents and young adults, with co-use of multiple substances being common. Few longitudinal studies have examined risk factors of alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine poly-substance use. We examined frequency of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette poly-substance use over time and how key risk factors contribute to this substance use during adolescence and young adulthood. Methods Participants (N = 1263 9th and 10th graders) were oversampled for ever-smoking a cigarette at baseline from 16 Chicago-area high schools between 2004 and 2006. Many participants progressed to heavier cigarette use, as well as alcohol and marijuana use over time. Participants completed questionnaires assessing substance use and psychosocial factors at baseline, 6-, 15-, 24-, 33-months, and 5-, 6-, and 7-years. Results Longitudinal multi-level models demonstrated that at baseline and over time, more depression symptoms, more anxiety symptoms, negative mood regulation expectancies, and lower grade point average (GPA) were each associated with more poly-substance use over time. In addition, there were a number of interaction effects of gender (e.g., depression was related to substance use in males) and developmental stage moderated these relationships. Conclusions Depression, anxiety, negative mood regulation expectancies, and GPA all significantly influence both initial and longitudinal levels of substance use across adolescence and young adulthood. Our findings underscore the importance of identifying and treating youth with depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as providing resources early for those struggling in school in order to help with substance use prevention and intervention efforts.
Why Females Choose STEM Majors: Understanding the Relationships Between Major, Personality, Interests, Self-Efficacy, and Anxiety

Gender disparities in science, engineering, technology, and mathematics (STEM) degrees continue to be a global problem. Increasing equitable participation in STEM majors requires understanding how and why these disparities arise. This study examined relationships between female’s selection of a STEM major, personality, STEM interest, STEM self-efficacy, and mathematics anxiety, and the relationship between those factors that affects gender disparities. Quantitative survey data from established instruments on these factors were collected from 128 female undergraduate students, including STEM (n = 60) and non-STEM majors (n = 68). Multiple Linear Regression, Binary Logistic Regression, and MANOVA were used to determine STEM self-efficacy. STEM self-efficacy was a significant variable explaining STEM interest, math anxiety, and majoring in STEM. The personality trait of openness was more significant in the female STEM majors than the non-STEM majors. This research has implications for identifying female STEM majors who may have math anxiety, decreasing those students’ math anxiety, and recruiting females who would be open to a STEM career.
The Rule of Choice: Frames and Overflows in the History of New York City Roadway Planning:

Two episodes of roadway planning in New York City—the 1937 Henry Hudson Parkway construction and the 2018 congestion pricing legislation—show the dangers and productive possibilities that result wh...