cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Irreversible inactivation of the flavoenzyme alcohol oxidase by cyclopropanone.

Abstract Incubation of the flavoenzyme alcohol oxidase from Candida boidinii with cyclopropanone hydrate in phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 and 20°C leads to a time dependent inactivation of the enzyme which cannot be reversed by removal of the cyclopropanone hydrate. The rate of inactivation is reduced in the presence of substrate, product, or glutathione, and the inactivation is prevented completely by reduction of the FAD coenzyme prior to addition of the inactivator. Inactivation of the enzyme is accompanied by a change in the absorption spectrum of the enzyme which indicates loss of the oxidized flavin chromophore. Denaturation of the inactivated enzyme under a variety of conditions does not cause reoxidation of the flavin which therefore must be covalently modified by cyclopropanone hydrate. A mechanism for the inactivation is proposed which involves radical intermediates and which suggests a similarity in reaction mechanism between alcohol oxidase and flavoprotein amine oxidases.
Role of Glutamine in Bacterial Transcytosis and Epithelial Cell Injury

Background: L-Glutamine is the principal energy source for small intestinal enterocytes. Diminution of intestinal function, mucosal atrophy, and increased bacterial translocation have been noted during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). In a rat model of glutamine starvation, we previously showed that luminal glutamine is essential for optimal intestinal function. In this study, we examined the effect of apical vs basolateral glutamine on bacterial translocation in a Caco-2 cell culture system and bacteria-induced tissue injury in a weanling rabbit ileal loop model. Methods: Caco-2 cells were grown in a transwell system. After confluence, apical and basolateral chambers received defined media, and glutamine deprivation was carried out over a 4- to 48-hour period. Escherichia coli transcytosis and structure/function studies were then performed. In a second series of experiments, the effect of intraluminal glutamine supplementation was evaluated in an E. coli-induced tissue injury model in weanling rabbit ileal loops. Results: Expression of disaccharidases, glucoamylase, and Na + /K + -adenosine 5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) were significantly reduced when cells were deprived of glutamine from the apical side, and there was increased bacterial translocation across the monolayer. Transepithelial epithelial resistance (TEER) across the monolayer was also reduced in the glutamine-free cultures. Glutamine replenishment over 24 to 48 hours restored the original functions. Basolateral deprivation had a smaller effect on the Caco-2 cells. Typical necrotic mucosal injury caused by E. coli in the ileal loops was blocked by co-infiltration of the loops with glutamine. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that the supply of glutamine from the apical side is of critical importance for maintaining optimal structure and function of the enterocytes. The effects are not acute or energy related. These observations have important clinical implications in the management of patients under critical care, including premature infants and patients receiving TPN, for whom lack of glutamine from the luminal side could produce mucosal dysfunction, resulting ultimately in severe atrophic/necrotic complications.
Obituary of Ele “Tony” Baker 1944–2012

Paleoindian archaeology lost one of its mavericks with the passing of Tony Baker on May 30, 2012. Tony will be remembered for harnessing the powerful new medium of the internet to share his archaeo...
Properties of human intestinal glucoamylase

Abstract 1. 1. Human intestinal glucoamylase has been purified almost to homogeneity by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. At least two isoenzymes were found with identical catalytic properties. 2. 2. Linear oligosaccharides ( N = 9 ) containing glucose residues linked α(1 → 4) have the greatest affinity for the active site. Both decreasing and increasing the polysaccharide chain length increased the K m . 3. 3. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed both α(1 → 4) linkages and α(1 → 6) linkages. Linear glucose polymers linked α(1 → 4) were hydrolyzed more rapidly than polymers containing α(1 → 6) cross linkages. Activity of the purified enzyme against both linkages was identically heat inactivated, and no sucrase activity was detectable. Thus, hydrolysis of α(1 → 6) bands was not due to contamination by intestinal sucrase-isomaltase. 4. 4. Intestinal glucoamylase contained 32–38% carbohydrate by weight, and had a partial specific volume of 0.684. 5. 5. Molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 210 000 by equilibrium sedimentation. 6. 6. The purified enzyme contained neither sialic acid nor phosphate, both membrane components. It is not clear yet whether a portion of glycocalyx might be removed with the enzyme during purification to account for the high carbohydrate content.
Rotational relaxation of macromolecules determined by dynamic light scattering. I. Tobacco mosaic virus

The intensity autocorrelation function for the depolarized component of forward-scattered light from a solution of large polymeric molecules is derived in terms of the correlation function for the amplitudes of the Y2,±1(θ,ϕ) fluctuations in the anglar distribution of segments in the solution without any assumptions regarding the statistical properties of the scatterad light field. Effects arising from the use of polychromatic incident light and from the mixing of the scattered and polychromatic incident light beams are examined in detail. Apparatus for observing the depolarized forward-scattered light, digitizing and storing the fluctuating phototube current at rates from 10 to 540,000 times per second, and computing the correlation functions directly in the time-domain is described herein. Correlation functions were obtained for 0.05 mg/ml solution of tobacco mosaic virus at pH 9.1 and also at pH 6. The degree of association of the virus appears to be independent of pH, and the monomer relaxation times (corrected to 25°C) extracted from the data by a least-squares procedure lie in the range 0.44–0.49 msec, also independent of pH. The absence of faster component in the correlation function between 6 μsec and 0.5 msec is used in conjunction with thermal fluctuation theory to infer a lower limit for the effective Young's modulaus of the rod, E ≤ 2.5 × 107 dynes/cm2.
Supersonic through-flow fan design

The NASA Lewis Research Center has embarked on a program to experimentally prove the concept of a supersonic through-flow fan which is to maintain supersonic velocities throughout the compression system with only weak shock-wave flow losses. The detailed design of a supersonic through-flow fan and estimated off-design performance with the use of advanced computational codes are described. A multistage compressor facility is being modified for the newly designed supersonic through-flow fan and the major aspects of this modification are briefly described.
Anomalous proton selectivity in a large channel: colicin A.

Some of the bactericidal proteins known as colicins exert their toxic action by forming a large, nonselective channel in the inner membrane of target bacteria. The structure of this channel is unknown. It conducts large ions but has a much smaller conductance than would be expected for a channel of its deduced size. Here we report that the colicin channel, particularly the colicin A channel, is selective for protons over other cations (and anions) by many orders of magnitude. This was deduced from measurements of reversal potentials in pH gradients across planar lipid bilayers containing these channels. For example, in symmetric 0.1 M KCl with a pH 5/pH 8 gradient across the membrane, the reversal potential of colicin A is −21 mV, rather than 0. Such a result would be unremarkable for a narrow channel but is beyond explanation by current understanding of permeation for a channel of its diameter. For this reason, we re-examined the issue of the diameter of the channel lumen and confirmed that the lumen is ...
The taxonomic status of physalis lanceolata (Solanaceae) in the Carolina Sandhills

In the most recent monograph of the genus in North America,Physalis lanceolata was considered to be a hybrid betweenP. heterophylla andP. virginiana. Comparative morphological and Chromatographic studies indicate, however, thatP. lanceolata is not intermediate between its supposed parents. This evidence plus its high pollen viability and seed set indicate that the species is not a hybrid. Natural hybrids betweenP. heterophylla andP. virginiana are sterile and are intermediate between these species in morphology and Chromatographic pattern.
Sartre for the twenty-first century?

By virtually dominating French intellectual life (literature, philosophy, culture) during the early post-World War II period, Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) embodied what Pierre Bourdieu calls a “total intellectual” – one who responds to and helps frame public debate on all the intellectual and political issues of the day. During his lifetime and even after his death in 1980, Sartre’s thinking and political engagements provoked sharp reactions, both positive and negative, in France and abroad. Marxism, decolonization struggles, and violence are three key themes on which Sartre’s public positions continue to generate considerable debate – a debate that remains relevant today.
Ranking states' immunization coverage: an example from the National Immunization Survey

The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides state-level estimates of preschool immunization coverage. These coverages are frequently presented in ranked lists, and ranks are frequently over-interpreted. In this paper, we highlight the difficulty in interpreting ranked point estimates. To demonstrate the uncertainty of ranks, parametric bootstrap methods were used to derive 90 per cent confidence intervals for ranks of state vaccination coverage levels among preschool children. We graphically compared states to a reference state. If NIS data are used to rank states, one should consider presenting confidence intervals for rank and the results of comparisons of one state with another graphically.
Synthesis and characterization of silyldichloramines, their reactions with F- ions, instability of N2Cl2 and NCl2-, and formation of NCl3.

Only two silyldichloramines, (C6H5)3SiNCl2 and (CH3)3SiNCl2, have been reported in the literature. The synthesis of the former was successfully repeated, and its structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Attempts to prepare (CH3)3SiNCl2 were unsuccessful; however, a new trialkylsilyldichloramine, t-BuMe2Si−NCl2, was prepared and characterized by Raman and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of t-BuMe2SiNCl2 with (CH3)4NF in CHF3 solution at −78 °C, followed by removal of all volatile products at −30 °C, produced the expected t-BuMe2SiF byproduct and a white solid consisting of NCl3 absorbed on Me4NCl. The NCl3 could be reversibly desorbed from the substrate and was identified as a neat liquid at room temperature by Raman spectroscopy. The observed final reaction products are consistent with the formation of an unstable N(CH3)4+NCl2- intermediate which decomposes to N(CH3)4+Cl- and NCl molecules which can dimerize to N2Cl2. Theoretical calculations ...
Heat transfer in the entrance region of semicircular ducts with internal fins

this paper investigates numerically the fluid flow and heat transfer of steady laminar forced convection in the entrance region of semicircular ducts with longitudinal internal fins subjected to a constant wall temperature. The hydrodynamically fully developed flow and developing temperature are solved in this paper for nine geometries. The developing temperature field in the semicircular duct with longitudinal fins is obtained analytically/numerically by solving the energy equation employing the method of line (MOL). The energy equation is reformulated into a system of first-order differential equations controlling the temperature along each line. The representative curves illustrating the isotherms, variations of the bulk temperature and Nusselt number in the entire thermal region of the duct comprised of 3, 7, and 11 fins, and the fin height to duct radius ratio of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 are presented graphically. In addition, the number of lines used in the computational domain, the estimate of the thermal entrance length, and the fully developed Nusselt numbers are shown in tabular form for the above-mentioned fin parameters.
The effect of phase separation on subsequent crystallization in Al88Gd6La2Ni4

To understand the crystallization (devitrification) kinetics of Al-rich Al–RE–TM (RE=rare earth, TM=transition metal) amorphous alloys, the devitrification of Al88Gd6La2Ni4 was studied by in situ electrical resistivity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. This glass composition was chosen because it shows a well-defined glass transition temperature (Tg) and transforms to α-Al on partial devitrification. Surprisingly, we show that crystallization appears to be preceded by a phase separation into Al-rich and solute-rich amorphous regions, having a typical dimension of 40 nm. TEM studies reveal a preferential rapid nucleation of α-Al at the interface of the phase-separated regions. A Johnson–Mehl–Avrami analysis of crystallization-induced changes in the electrical resistivity shows limited agreement with the theory, with an Avrami exponent n close to unity. This is explained by a simple numerical model that is consistent with the microstructure; i.e., rapid nucleation at the phase boundary followed by diffusion-limited growth.
Wages and Working Conditions of Truck Drivers at the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles

Using data from surveys conducted in 2004 and 2006, we examine the work and earnings of drayage drivers at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Though possessing relatively low levels of education (most have a high school diploma or less), these drivers average approximately $35,000 in earnings net of truck expenses, working on average 11.2 hours per day. Owner operators experience increased net earnings once their trucks are fully paid for, leading them to buy older, more polluting trucks. This negative externality is currently being addressed by both ports by enacting new regulations regarding truck drayage in Southern California.
Lack of effect of cortisone on inhibitory action of antigonadotropic sera.

SummaryCortisone administration did not interfere with the antigonadotropic effectiveness in the rat of inhibitory sheep sera prepared by the prolonged administration of hog pituitary gonadotropin.
Excess energy and deformation along free edges of graphene nanoribbons

Change in the bonding environment at the free edges of graphene monolayer leads to excess edge energy and edge force, depending on the edge morphology (zigzag or armchair). By using a reactive empirical bond-order potential and atomistic simulations, we show that the excess edge energy in free-standing graphene nanoribbons can be partially relaxed by both in-plane and out-of-plane deformation. The excess edge energy and edge force are calculated for graphene nanoribbons with parallel zigzag or armchair edges. Depending on the longitudinal constraint, the compressive edge force leads to either in-plane elongation of the ribbon or out-of-plane buckling deformation. In the former case, the longitudinal strain is inversely proportional to the ribbon width. In the latter case, energy minimization predicts an intrinsic wavelength for edge buckling to be 6.2 nm along the zigzag edge and 8.0 nm along the armchair edge. For graphene nanoribbons of width less than the intrinsic wavelength, interaction between the two free edges becomes significant, leading to antiphase correlation of the buckling waves.
Endoscopic treatment of distal bile duct stricture from chronic pancreatitis.

Background: Endoscopic placement of biliary stents is an effective initial treatment for jaundice and cholangitis caused by common bile duct (CBD) strictures secondary to chronic pancreatitis; however, the role of endoscopic treatment for long-term management of these strictures is less clear. In 1992, we designed a protocol of balloon dilatation and stenting for ≥12 months. This study evaluates endoscopic therapy as a definitive long-term treatment for these strictures. We have treated 25 patients with this protocol. Methods: All patients had an endoscopic sphincterotomy, balloon dilatation of the stricture, and then placement of a polyethylene stent (7–11.5 F). Stents were exchanged at 3–4-month intervals to avoid the complications of clogging and cholangitis. We were particularly interested in how many patients would achieve resolution of the stricture and tolerate removal of the stent. Results: The length of the CBD strictures ranged from 8 to 40 mm. Within days of stenting, all patients achieved relief of jaundice and cholestasis. Complications consisted of six episodes of cholangitis and nine episodes of pancreatitis. There were no deaths. Twenty of the 25 patients are now stent-free after an average stenting period of 13 months (range, 3–28). To date, there has been no recurrence of stricture, for a mean of 32 months. Three patients still have stents in place, and two patients required operation—one for persistent stricture and recurrent cholangitis after 8 months of stenting, and one for a mass in the head of the pancreas that was thought to be cancer. Conclusions: Our results indicate that these strictures will respond and dilate after a course of stenting in 80% of patients, with an acceptable morbidity. Although these are medium-term results at 32 months, we would expect most recurrences within the 1st year following stent removal. In some cases, stenting is necessary for >12 months. Thus, the data suggest that endoscopic stenting provides definitive treatment in most patients with CBD stricture due to chronic pancreatitis and may be considered a viable alternative to standard surgical bypass.
Thermal rearrangements of 2-ethynylbiphenyl: a DFT study of competing reaction mechanisms.

Mechanistic pathways for high-temperature rearrangements of 2-ethynylbiphenyl have been investigated by calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory, with free energy estimates at 625 °C. Two...
Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rat Sexual Behavior

Ultrasonic vocalizations are very conspicuous during rat mating activity. Two types of calls are produced by both sexes. The first, brief complex calls with the main frequency centered about 50 kHz, occur primarily in conjunction with solicitation and mounting activity. The second type of call is the long, 22 kHz whistle which is emitted mainly by the male during the postejaculatory refractory period, but also by both male and female at other times during the copulatory sequence. The occurrence of ultrasonic vocalizations is correlated with sexual motivation of rats. Males emit more 50 kHz calls before successful mating tests than before tests in which they fail to ejaculate. Furthermore, more vocalizations are emitted by the pair prior to intromissions than prior to mounts without intromission. Just before ejaculation there is a large increase in the rate of calling and, at times, transition by the male to calling at 22 kHz. This latter event may represent physiological dearousal by the male. Following ejaculation, the male characteristically emits 22 kHz vocalizations and exhibits a sleep-like EEG pattern. The function of the postejaculatory vocalization may be to enforce separation between the mating pair, while at the same lime maintaining contact between the partners. Fifty kHz calls, on the other hand, prime and facilitate sexual responsiveness of the female. Tape recorded vocalizations of mating rats facilitate solicitation behavior of estrous females in the presence of castrated males, and such females also show a preference for these sounds in a “Y” maze. Deafening of females does not affect their normal pacing of copulatory contacts, but it drastically reduces their solicitation behavior. The studies summarized in this paper lead us to conclude that ultrasonic vocalizations play a major role in the integration of reproductive activity in the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus .
Commercial off-the-shelf consumer health informatics interventions: recommendations for their design, evaluation and redesign

Objective The goal of this paper is to describe the successful application of a use case-based evaluation approach to guide the effective design, evaluation and redesign of inexpensive, commercial, off-the-shelf consumer health informatics (CHI) interventions. Design Researchers developed four CHI intervention use cases representing two distinct patient populations (patients with diabetes with high blood pressure, postbariatric surgery patients), two commercial off-the-shelf CHI applications (Microsoft HealthVault, Google Health), and related devices (blood pressure monitor, pedometer, weight scale). Three patient proxies tested each intervention for 10 days. Measurements The patient proxies recorded their challenges while completing use case tasks, rating the severity of each challenge based on how much it hindered their use of the intervention. Two independent evaluators categorized the challenges by human factors domain (physical, cognitive, macroergonomic). Results The use case-based approach resulted in the identification of 122 challenges, with 12% physical, 50% cognitive and 38% macroergonomic. Thirty-nine challenges (32%) were at least moderately severe. Nine of 22 use case tasks (41%) accounted for 72% of the challenges. Limitations The study used two patient proxies and addressed two specific patient populations and low-cost, off-the-shelf CHI interventions, which may not perfectly generalize to a larger number of proxies, actual patient populations, or other CHI interventions. Conclusion CHI designers can employ the use case-based evaluation approach to assess the fit of a CHI intervention with patients’ health work, in the context of their daily activities and environment, which would be difficult or impossible to evaluate by laboratory-based studies.
Localization of Specific Relaxin-Binding Cells in the Ovary and Testis of Pigs

It is not known whether relaxin has physiological roles in the gonads in mammalian species. Limited evidence indicates that relaxin may act locally to regulate ovarian function in pigs. The possibility of a role for relaxin in testicular function in pigs has not been investigated. A major initial step toward the establishment of direct effects of relaxin on the ovary and/or testis is to demonstrate that relaxin binds with specificity to the gonads. Accordingly, the first objective of this study was to employ an immunohistochemical localization technique to determine whether relaxin-binding cells are present in the ovaries and/or testis of pigs. Once they were found to be present, the second objective was to determine whether relaxin-binding sites noticeably change either within the ovary at different stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy, or within the testis at sexual maturity. Ovaries were collected from four stages of the estrous cycle (midfollicular, late follicular, early luteal, and midluteal) and three stages of the pregnancy (Day 40, Day 80, and Day 110). Two gilts were used for each of the stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Testes were collected from a 5-mo-old immature boar and a 36-mo-old mature boar. Tissues were cut into cubes (3-4 cm3), frozen in liquid nitrogen, and cryosectioned (8 microm). Specific cell types that bind relaxin were identified by sequential application of a biotinylated relaxin probe, antibiotin immunoglobulin G conjugated to 1 nm colloidal gold, and silver for signal amplification. In the ovary, specific relaxin-binding sites were localized in both the theca and granulosa cells of developing follicles, luteal cells, and blood vessels. In the testis, specific relaxin-binding sites were localized in the Leydig cells. There were no apparent differences in relaxin-binding distribution within the ovary at different stages of the estrous cycle and pregnancy in gilts, or within the testis at sexual maturity in boars. We conclude that the specific relaxin-binding cells within the ovary and testis of the pig may contain relaxin receptors. Therefore, relaxin may have effects in the ovary and testis of pigs.
Effects of carbon black on the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of pitch-matrix composites

The softening temperature of asphalt (pitch-matrix composite containing sand) was increased from 44 to 81 °C upon addition of 7.0 vol.% carbon black. Accompanying effects are increase of the storage modulus, decrease of the damping capacity and decrease of the electrical resistivity. All these effects increase with increasing carbon black content. Carbon black and sand together are much more effective than carbon black alone or sand alone for raising the softening temperature. Carbon black is more effective than silica fume for raising the softening temperature, but is less effective for increasing the storage modulus.
Static analysis of millimeter wave transmission lines micromachined in silicon substrate

Several millimeter wave transmission lines fabricated on silicon substrate are investigated numerically. The structures of this kind of transmission lines consist of metal strips evaporated on oxynitride membrane with a silicon substrate as the mechanical supporting materials. The characteristic impedances for single strip transmission lines and coupled transmission lines are obtained as functions of the physical parameters by the point matching method.
Synthesis of optically active copolymers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene and β-pinene with low surface energies

2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorostyrene (PFS) was copolymerized with β-pinene (PIN) in bulk using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator at 70 °C. The reactivity ratios for PFS (rPFS) and PIN (rPIN) were determined by limiting each monomer conversion to approximately 10 mol % or less during 2 h of copolymerization and then plotting the composition data according to both the Fineman–Ross (r1 = rPFS = 5.2, r2 = rPIN = 0.070) and Kelen–Tudos (r1 = rPFS = 5.0, r2 = rPIN = 0.017) methods. The copolymers exhibited a single glass transition at 60–100 °C, static water contact angles higher than 95°, and optical activity with negative specific rotations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3114–3124, 2006
Remarks to the Illinois House of Representatives Executive Committee hearing regarding State Carbon Monoxide Detector Act (HB 603).

The following are prepared remarks to the State of Illinois House of Representatives Executive Committee on March 3, 1999, by the authors in support of the Carbon Monoxide Detector Act (House Bill ...
Adaptive division of labor in large-scale minimalist multi-robot systems

A large-scale minimalist multi-robot system (LMMS) is one composed of a group of robots each with limited capabilities in terms of sensing, computation, and communication. Such systems have received increased attention due to their empirically demonstrated performance and beneficial characteristics, such as their robustness to environmental perturbations and individual robot failure and their scalability to large numbers of robots. However, little work has been done in investigating ways to endow such a LMMS with the capability to achieve a desired division of labor over a set of dynamically evolving concurrent tasks, important in many task-achieving LLMS. Such a capability can help to increase the efficiency and robustness of overall task performance as well as open new domains in which LMMS can be seen as a viable alternative to more complex control solutions. In this paper, we present a method for achieving a desired division of labor in a LMMS, experimentally validate it in a realistic simulation, and demonstrate its potential to scale to large numbers of robots and its ability to adapt to environmental perturbations.
Time-to-go prediction for homing missiles based on minimum-time intercepts

Two minimum-time trajectories are developed for use as a time-to-go algorithm for a missile controlled by a linear-quadratic guidance law. The first algorithm is based on the minimum normal-acceleration-weighted final time trajectory for a constant speed missile, and the second algorithm is based on the minimum final time trajectory of an accelerating missile with bounded normal acceleration. Because the initial off-boresight angle is fixed, these algorithms are expected to work well for intercepts where large off-boresight angles occur. Both time-to-go algorithms are tested in a six-degree-of-freedom simulation of a bank-to-turn missile attacking a smart target, and their miss distances are compared with those obtained by time-to-go algorithms known as range over closing speed and accelerated range over closing speed. Both algorithms give low miss distances for a wide range of intercept geometries including those with large off-boresight angles. These results are substantially improved relative to those obtained with range over closing speed. However, the accelerated range over closing speed algorithm matches the minimum-time results and is the preferred algorithm because of its simplicity.
Adult Shyness: The Interaction of Temperamental Sensitivity and an Adverse Childhood Environment

This article examines the relation between adult shyness and sensory-processing sensitivity and posits a new model in which the interaction of sensitivity and adverse childhood environment leads to negative affectivity (with the highly sensitive being more impacted), which in turn leads to shyness. Consistent with this model, two questionnaire studies (Ns = 96 and 213) supported three hypotheses: (a) sensory-processing sensitivity interacts with recalled quality of childhood parental environment to predict shyness, (b) sensory-processing sensitivity interacts in the same way with childhood environment to predict negative affectivity, and (c) the interaction effect on negative affectivity mediates the effect on shyness. Hypothesis 2 was tested and supported in an additional questionnaire study (N = 393) and also in an experiment (N = 160) that manipulated negative contemporaneous experience as an analog for adverse childhood environment.
M-ary CPM receivers for frequency domain processing and differential phase detector

This paper proposes an M-ary continuous phase modulation (CPM) receiver adopting both frequency domain processing and differential phase detection. The proposed CPM receiver recovers multi-level M-ary information data by equalizing correlated CPM phase signals in the frequency domain instead of by decoding the signals through conventional maximum-likelihood sequence estimation, e.g. Viterbi algorithms in the time domain. For frequency domain processing or frequency domain phase equalization, cyclic-prefix assisted transmission and differential phase detection are used in the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The proposed combination of differential phase detection and frequency domain phase equalization eliminates the complexity overhead of conventional CPM receivers using decomposition-based correlators and maximum-likelihood sequence estimators with marginal performance degradation. In terms of CPM modulation parameters such as modulation index and phase constraint length, the computational complexity of the proposed receiver increases logarithmically whereas the complexity of the Viterbi algorithm grows exponentially. In addition, the differential phase detector with frequency domain phase equalizer replaces a bank of correlators and filters of conventional decomposition-based CPM receivers. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed CPM receiver can achieve a bit error performance comparable to that of Viterbi algorithm-based decoders with decomposition-based correlators.
Mixed-mode capillary electrokinetic separation of positional explosive isomers using sodium dodecyl sulfate and negative-β-cyclodextrin derivatives

Abstract A mixed-mode capillary electrophoretic technique has been developed for the separation of positional nitroaromatic explosive isomers. The procedure utilized two different buffer additives as pseudo-stationary phases with different selectivities towards the analytes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) displayed selectivities for the explosives which were similar to C18 reversed-phase HPLC. The negatively charged sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SB-β-CD), sulfated-β-CD and succinylated-β-CD separated the explosives on the formation of inclusion complexes with the analytes, and exhibited different selectivities for the explosives compared to SDS. A mixed pseudo-stationary phase was then formulated by combining 10 mM SB-β-CD, 30 mM SDS and 10% acetonitrile in 20 mM borate at pH 9 to resolve the two most difficultly separated pairs: 1,3-dinitrobenzene/1,4-dinitrobenzene and 3-nitrobenzene/4-nitrobenzene.
Comparative flight behavior of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Diabrotica barberi in the laboratory.

A tethered flight system was used to characterize and compare the flight behavior of western, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (WCR), and northern, Diabrotica barberi (Smith and Lawrence) (NCR), corn rootworms in the laboratory. Distributions of flight durations were skewed towards short flights for both species regardless of sex or age and there was high variability in flight durations and frequency in individual beetles. Flight distributions for WCR were distinctly bimodal, reflecting a dichotomy between short trivial flights and much longer sustained flights. Trivial flight performance did not vary with age but did differ between species. In comparison to WCR, NCR took shorter flights but had a higher frequency of flights over a 23-h period. Overall, WCR beetles logged substantially more flight time in the same period of time. The proportion of individual WCR undertaking sustained flight was relatively low (<24%) and, for females, declined along with sustained flight durations as a function of age. Periodicity of trivial flight did not differ between the species. In general, flight activity was greatest during early morning and early evening hours. No correlations were found between any feature of flight performance and body size or wing loading ratios. Resume Comparaison au laboratoire des comportements de vol de Diabrotica virgifera virgifera et D. barberi Un systeme de vol captif a ete utilise pour caracteriser et comparer au laboratoire les comportements de vol de D. virgifera virgifera et D. barberi. La distribution des durees de vol est nettement biaisee avec la grande majorite des vols durant moins d'une minute quels que soient le sexe et l'âge. Il y a une grande variabilite interindividuelle tant en duree qu'en frequence de vol. Les distributions des durees de vol en fonction du sexe sont bimodales chez D. virgifera virgifera, mais pas chez D. barberi, ce qui reflete la separation entre vols brefs ordinaires et long vols prolonges. Les vols brefs ordinaires ne dependent pas beaucoup de l'âge ou du sexe mais different suivant l'espece. D. barberi a eu des vols plus brefs, mais en a effectue plus pendant une periode de 23 heures. Au total, D. virgifera virgifera a consacre nettement plus de temps au vol pendant la meme periode; mais, chez cette espece la proportion d'individus effectuant des vols soutenus etait relativement faible (<24%), avec une diminution de leur nombre avec l'âge chez les femelles; le nombre le plus eleve etant chez les jeunes femelles. La periodicite des vols ordinaires n'a dependu ni du sexe, ni de l'espece; l'activite de vol a ete en general plus importante tot le matin et en debut de soiree. Aucune correlation n'a ete trouvee entre une quelconque performance de vol et la taille du corps ou la charge alaire.
High-Performance Interaction-Based Simulation of Gut Immunopathologies with ENteric Immunity Simulator (ENISI)

Here we present the ENteric Immunity Simulator (ENISI), a modeling system for the inflammatory and regulatory immune pathways triggered by microbe-immune cell interactions in the gut. With ENISI, immunologists and infectious disease experts can test and generate hypotheses for enteric disease pathology and propose interventions through experimental infection of an in silico gut. ENISI is an agent based simulator, in which individual cells move through the simulated tissues, and engage in context-dependent interactions with the other cells with which they are in contact. The scale of ENISI is unprecedented in this domain, with the ability to simulate $10^7$ cells for 250 simulated days on 576 cores in one and a half hours, with the potential to scale to even larger hardware and problem sizes. In this paper we describe the ENISI simulator for modeling mucosal immune responses to gastrointestinal pathogens. We then demonstrate the utility of ENISI by recreating an experimental infection of a mouse with Helicobacter pylori 26695. The results identify specific processes by which bacterial virulence factors do and do not contribute to pathogenesis associated with H. pylori strain 26695. These modeling results inform general intervention strategies by indicating immunomodulatory mechanisms such as those used in inflammatory bowel disease may be more appropriate therapeutically than directly targeting specific microbial populations through vaccination or by using antimicrobials.
GPS attitude determination for a JPALS testbed: Integer initialization and testing

An attitude-based search algorithm was implemented for initial ambiguity resolution and integer determination, and then tested on a three-element equilateral array with baselines of 0.5m. Running the initialization algorithm at every epoch, it was found that the search algorithm gave efficient and reliable integer solutions for a static antenna array, but was sensitive to errors in a dynamic environment in the absence of multi-epoch filtering or solution checking procedures. Incorporating knowledge of allowable array orientation into the search greatly increased execution speed and reduced spurious integer estimates. This paper reviews the fundamentals of multi-antenna GPS-based attitude determination, develops in detail a simple and efficient 3-D search algorithm, discusses tradeoffs between execution speed (search spacing), signal phase noise, and estimate reliability, and presents results from static and in-motion automotive testing. Based on these findings, the utility of integration between GPS and inertial systems for robust attitude determination cannot be overstated.
CanonicalVHCDR1 nucleotide sequences are conserved in all jawed vertebrates

The antibody combining site is formed from the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of the heavy and light chains. Function, in antibodies, means diverse structures capable of binding a variety of ligands and the CDR have long been distinguished as the sites of a high incidence os non-homologous replacement. The present studies show, despite the apparent protein diversity, the existence of canonical nucleotide sequences in the heavy chain CDR1. These sequences were deduced from human and mouse CDR1, and their presence demonstrated experimentally in all representatives from the gnathostome vertebrate classes. This unexpected conservation suggests that selection pressure for sequence diversity is counter-balanced by properties of the encoded amino acids such as capacity for ligand interaction, structural requirements of the CDR loop and perhaps retention of certain ligand-binding sequences. Part of the canonical nucleotide sequence involves a motif that has been suggested as a hot spot for somatic hypermutation. The assay for the canonical sequence is PCR-based and provides a novel approach to cloning multigene family members by using the hypervariable portions as target sequence.
Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a series of novel zinc vanadium oxides as cathode materials

We report here the hydrothermal synthesis of a series of novel zinc vanadium oxides, using tetramethyl ammonium ion in order to stabilize the layered structure of vanadium oxide during electrochemical redox reactions with lithium. The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of zinc chloride, vanadium (V) oxide, and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide at 165°C for 60 hours. Four new zinc vanadium oxide compounds were discovered, only one of which contained the organic cation; another was found to have a layered structure with bridging V-O-V groups analogous to that of beta alumina. These compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and IR. Three of the compounds reacted readily with lithium, and their electrochemical behavior in lithium cells were determined.
Phosphorylation sites prediction using Random Forest

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most widespread regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotes. Over the past decade, phosphorylation site prediction has emerged as an important problem in the field of bioinformatics. Here, we report a new method, termed Random Forest-based Phosphosite predictor 1.0 (RF-Phos 1.0), to predict phosphorylation sites given only the primary amino acid sequence of a protein as input. RF-Phos 1.0, which uses random forest classifiers to integrate various sequence and structural features, is able to identify putative sites of phosphorylation across many protein families. In side-by-side comparisons based on 10-fold cross validation and an independent dataset, RF-Phos 1.0 compares favorably to other existing phosphosite prediction methods, such as PhosphoSVM, GPS2.1 and Musite.
The Archives Law of the People's Republic of China: A Summary and Commentary

The author summarizes and comments on the Archives Law of the People's Republic of China, which went into effect on 1 January 1988. He also notes the implementing regulations of 19 November 1990.
Changes in Academic Entrepreneurship Among Japanese University Bioscientists, 1980-2012 - Dissertation Executive Summary

The dissertation examines how Japanese university scientists in the biosciences responded to legal and institutional changes in academic entrepreneurship. The changes increased the number of university-firm interactions. However, the scientists also maintained practices that were not the intended consequences of the policy interventions, including collaborating informally and creating startups in the United States. The resulting structure of academic entrepreneurship in Japan was a juxtaposition of its old practices, new procedures, and opportunities abroad. By identifying ways that scientists can shape how policy is enacted at the local level, the dissertation complicates the current picture of the global diffusion of academic entrepreneurship.
The PATH from Regulator to Hunter: The Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion in the Investigation of Physicians at Teaching Hospitals

This article examines the economic and cultural disruption that a law enforcement initiative can have on an industry by focusing on a recent federal law enforcement health care fraud initiative, Physicians at Teaching Hospitals ("PATH"). The PATH initiative is an apt case study: it is nation-wide, was undertaken after a deliberative process among multiple federal agencies, and is focused on a limited group of health care providers regarding few legal and reimbursement issues. Part I of the article describes the PATH initiative. Part II examines the arsenal of sanctions available to the government to pursue health care fraud, focusing on the False Claims Act, the statute utilized in the PATH initiative. Part III suggests that because the investigation and prosecution of an industry can be disruptive, care must be taken to ensure that the prosecutive initiative is warranted. The article suggests that pursuit of fraudulent healthcare providers is only one aspect of a functional health care system and that understanding when a systemic regulatory breakdown has occurred is also vital. To the extent that the current emphasis on fraud prosecution has overshadowed correction of systemic problems, the equilibrium should be reset.
Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Can Functionally Replace the Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus Major Membrane Glycoprotein and Does Not Restrict Infection of Rhesus Macaques.

Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, and persistent infection is associated with multiple cancers. EBV vaccine development has focused on the major membrane glycoprotein, gp350, since it is the major target for antibodies that neutralize infection of B cells. However, EBV has tropism for both B cells and epithelial cells, and it is unknown whether serum neutralizing antibodies against B cell infection will provide sufficient protection against virus infection initiated at the oral mucosa. This could be stringently tested by passive antibody transfer and oral virus challenge in the rhesus macaque model for EBV infection. However, only neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against EBV are available, and EBV is unable to infect rhesus macaques because of a host range restriction with an unknown mechanism. We cloned the prototypic EBV-neutralizing antibody, 72A1, and found that recombinant 72A1 did not neutralize rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rhLCV) infection of macaque B cells. Therefore, we constructed a chimeric rhLCV in which the native major membrane glycoprotein was replaced with EBV gp350. This chimeric rhLCV became sensitive to neutralization by the 72A1 MAb, efficiently immortalized macaque B cells in vitro, and successfully established acute and persistent infection after oral inoculation of rhesus macaques. Thus, EBV gp350 can functionally replace rhLCV gp350 and does not restrict rhLCV infection in vitro or in vivo. The chimeric rhLCV enables direct use of an EBV-specific MAb to investigate the effects of serum neutralizing antibodies against B cell infection on oral viral challenge in rhesus macaques. IMPORTANCE This study asked whether the EBV major membrane glycoprotein could functionally replace the rhLCV major membrane glycoprotein. We found that an rhLCV humanized with EBV gp350 is capable of efficiently immortalizing monkey B cells in vitro and reproduces acute and persistent infection after oral inoculation of macaques. These results advance our understanding of why EBV cannot infect rhesus macaques by proving that viral attachment through gp350 is not the mechanism for EBV host range restriction. Humanization of rhLCV with EBV gp350 also confers susceptibility to a potent EBV-neutralizing MAb and provides a novel and significant enhancement to the rhesus macaque animal model where both the clinical utility and biological role of neutralizing MAbs against B cell or epithelial cell infection can now be directly tested in the most accurate animal model for EBV infection.
Development of 8921 aluminum alloy foil used for SCR

In order to suit the customers' needs of high strength and formability foil used for SCR a new aluminum alloy named 8921 has been produced.The 8921 aluminum alloy foil was produced from continuous cast stock and then cold rolled.The foil possesses high strength and high formability as the customers required.The background,technology process and the main properties of the alloy have been introduced.
Smart Substation Electric Cable/optical Fiber Cable Design Automation and Life-cycle Information Management

This paper introduces the electric cable/optical fiber cable installation software which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the smart substation electric cable/ optical fiber cable design by achieving the optimal route,generating the cable list,calculating the cable length,defining the cable route and generating the cable installation database automatically.Using Radio Frequency Identification,the smart substation electric cable/ optical fiber cable life-cycle information management has been achieved and the level of the information management has been also raised.