cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Population Density, Species Abundance, and Breeding Structure of Subterranean Termite Colonies in and Around Infested Houses in Central North Carolina

Pressure from subterranean termites is known to vary geographically across the United States, but there are few quantitative studies concerning the threat of structural infestation for any geographic region. We assessed the number and locations of termite colonies present on 20 infested residential properties in central North Carolina, where subterranean termite pressure is considered to be heavy. This was achieved by using microsatellite markers to determine colony identity of termites collected over 6–14 mo from mud tubes in structures, below-ground monitors, and wood debris in the yard. In total, we identified 188 distinct colonies and determined their breeding structures. Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was by far the most common species, accounting for nearly 90% of all colonies; the remaining colonies belonged to Reticulitermes hageni Banks and Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). In four cases, there were two colonies infesting a structure simultaneously; in all other cases only a single colony was detected in the structure. Colony densities were high, averaging 62 colonies per ha (25 per acre) with a maximum of 185 colonies per ha (75 colonies per acre). Foraging ranges of R. flavipes and R. hageni colonies were generally small (<30 linear m), and most colonies were headed by a single pair of monogamous reproductives with nearly all the remaining colonies headed by relatively few inbreeding descendants of the original monogamous pair. These results provide the most detailed picture to date of the number, distribution, and colony characteristics of subterranean termite colonies located in and around residential structures.
Competitive Delivered Spatial Pricing

This paper contributes to the literature by studying price and production competition between spatially distributed profit maximizing firms. Firms compete by setting delivered prices, planning production, and sending output to each market. Both elastic demand and non-linear production costs are assumed. A non-cooperative game is defined, and its properties are characterized. We find spatial pricing patterns similar to those found by Hoover (1936). Existence and general properties of the Nash price and production equilibrium are shown and sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of an unique price-production-transportation equilibrium are presented. A convergent algorithm is shown to find the equilibrium and is demonstrated with an example.
Industrial Design Protection in the United States of America - Present Situation and Plans for Revision

Industry in the United States of America has shown an increased interest in industrial design protection. This conclusion is based on several recent developments, including significant court decisions and an increased number of design patent applications received by the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). Another important fact is the renewed effort to improve industrial design protection, by adding an additional form of industrial designs intellectual property law.The basic intellectual property law (hereinafter all reference to the law will be U.S.A. law unless otherwise indicated) available now for industrial design protection is the design patent, but there has been significant use of trademark law and some copyright law for certain designs. The consensus in the legal community and many industries is that a better way is needed to protect industrial designs. Generally, the present systems take too long to obtain protection. These rights are difficult to enforce in court and, usually, it is not clear what industrial design features are protected.
Inserting mastered targets during error correction when teaching skills to children with autism

Research has identified a variety of effective approaches for responding to errors during discrete-trial training. In one commonly used method, the therapist delivers a prompt contingent on the occurrence of an incorrect response and then re-presents the trial so that the learner has an opportunity to perform the correct response independently. Some authors recommend inserting trials with previously mastered targets between the prompted response and opportunities to respond independently, but no studies have directly examined the benefits of this approach. In this study, we manipulated the placement of trials with mastered targets during discrete-trial training to compare the effectiveness of error correction with and without this recommended insertion procedure. Four children with autism participated, and each was taught 18 targets across 3 target sets. Results indicated that embedding trials with mastered targets into error correction may not confer benefits for most children and that doing so may lead to less efficient instruction.
Material and Energy Flows Associated with Select Metals in GREET 2. Molybdenum, Platinum, Zinc, Nickel, Silicon

In this work, we analyzed the material and energy consumption from mining to production of molybdenum, platinum, zinc, and nickel. We also analyzed the production of solar- and semiconductor-grade silicon. We described new additions to and expansions of the data in GREET 2. In some cases, we used operating permits and sustainability reports to estimate the material and energy flows for molybdenum, platinum, and nickel, while for zinc and silicon we relied on information provided in the literature.
Hyperfine Structure of Ga 67 and Ga 72

We have used the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance technique to measure the hyperfine-structure separations and the differential hyperfine-structure anomalies of 78-hour $^{67}\mathrm{Ga}$ and 14-hour $^{72}\mathrm{Ga}$ in the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ electronic states. From the differential hyperfine-structure anomaly we have deduced the standard hyperfine-structure anomaly for the two $J$ states. We have also calculated the nuclear moments from the measured hyperfine-structure separations. Our results are, for $^{67}\mathrm{Ga}$ ($I=\frac{3}{2}$): $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=2457.72726(90)$ MHz, $a(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=175.09736(15)$ MHz, $b(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=71.95750(55)$ MHz, $^{67}\ensuremath{\delta}^{69}=2.51(13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $^{67}\ensuremath{\Delta}^{69}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=5.0(1.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $^{67}\ensuremath{\Delta}^{69}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}20.1(2.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{I}(\mathrm{uncorr})=+1.8454(3){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$, and $Q=+0.22$ b; and for $^{72}\mathrm{Ga}(I=3)$: $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}153.65266(53)$ MHz, $a(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}6.25698(11)$ MHz, $b(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=193.67365(80)$ MHz, $^{71}\ensuremath{\delta}^{72}=2.12(18)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, $^{71}\ensuremath{\Delta}^{72}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=4.2(1.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, $^{71}\ensuremath{\Delta}^{72}(^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}17.0(2.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{I}(\mathrm{uncorr})=\ensuremath{-}0.13186(2){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{N}$, $Q=+0.59$ b. The quoted values of the nuclear magnetic moments include a correction for the hyperfine-structure anomaly, but do not include the diamagnetic correction.
The Complex Etiology of Autism Presents Challenges in Risk Communication.

* Abbreviations: ASD — : autism spectrum disorder B2AR — : β-2 adrenergic receptor Research has revealed a complicated genetic architecture and a variety of environmental factors that increase risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).1 In fact, the more we learn about potential risk factors associated with ASD, the more complex the search for causal mechanisms becomes. Epidemiologic studies, like that by Gidaya et al2 published in this issue of Pediatrics , provide important information on modifiable exposures that increase the risk of ASD. The study by Gidaya et al found that exposure during pregnancy to a class of drugs used for treating asthma or allergies, β-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) agonists, is associated with a modest increase in risk for ASD. Asthma or allergies during the second trimester is also associated with higher risk for ASD. Gidaya et al’s study, however, included maternal asthma as a covariate, and the association between exposure to B2AR agonists during pregnancy and increased ASD risk remained. Given that uncontrolled maternal asthma can potentially negatively … Address correspondence to Geraldine Dawson, PhD, Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, 2608 Erwin Rd, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705. E-mail: geraldine.dawson{at}duke.edu
Tagging Mites with Aerosol Paint

Individual mites must be marked to determine the number of Pyemotes females fertilized by males and the length of male life span. The 1st-born male is usually followed within 2 days by another male; the 2 mites are indistinguishable unless tagged.
Rebecca's Coffee and Tea House: A Strategic Mapping and Balanced Scorecard Case Study

ABSTRACT This case is designed to be used in an undergraduate or M.B.A. managerial/cost accounting course. The case asks students to act as advisors to the owner of a relatively new coffee and tea house. Students' familiarity with coffee houses enhances the real-life application of cost/managerial concepts in the case. The primary learning objectives include understanding quality costs, developing a strategy map, designing a balanced scorecard (BSC), analyzing how some of the BSC measures would be captured and monitored, and articulating the advantages/disadvantages of linking a BSC to employee evaluation. The small business is easily understood by students and, therefore, the case allows for rich class discussion.
Clinical research on prevention of mifepristone to recurrence of uterine fibroids after myomectomy

Objective:To evaluate the mifepristone' s prevention to recurrence of uterine fibroids after myomectomy.Methods:70 cases of uterine fibroids were randomly divided into surgery group and combined treatment group,both groups underwent laparoscopic myomectomy,the patients of the combined treatment group received postoperative treatment with mifepristone.All patients were analysis of recurrence in 12 months,the serum level of estradiol(E2) and progesterone hormone in 3 months and 12 months after surgery.Results:After 3 months,the serum level of estradiol(E2) and progesterone of the combined treatment group were significantly lower than that of the surgery group.After 12 months,there were no signifi cant difference between the two groups.Recurrence rate of the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that of the surgery group.Conclusion:Mifepristone may be effective in preventing the recurrence of uterine fibroids after myomectomy.
The success of science and social norms.

In this paper I characterize science in terms of both invisible hand social organization and selection. These two processes are responsible for different features of science. Individuals working in isolation cannot produce much in the way of the warranted knowledge. Individual biases severely limit how much secure knowledge an individual can generate on his or her own. Individuals working in consort are required, but social groups can be organized in many different ways. The key feature of the social organization in science is that only working scientists can confer the most important reward in science - use - and scientists must use each other's work in order to succeed in realizing this goal. An analysis of science as a selection process serves quite a different function. Individual scientists strive to come up with novel solutions to significant problems. The question then becomes how to be creative. From a selective perspective, science as a process involves the production of numerous alternatives and a selection among them. A single scientist solving an important problem makes science look very efficient. Treating science as a selection process casts it in a very different light. In this paper I combine an invisible hand mechanism with a selective perspective in order to explain why science is as successful as it is. I do not make recourse to evolutionary epistemology in any of its traditional senses. Research science (hereafter science) is a social institution in the same sense that medicine, law and education are. Research scientists (hereafter scientists) strive to discover what the natural world is like, and they succeed beyond our wildest dreams. How come? Part of the answer is that scientists for the most part love what they are doing. They would no more knowingly falsify the results of their research than an artist would cut off his hands or a movie idol scar her face. All scientists go through periods in which nothing seems to be working out, but when their research is going well, nothing could make them happier. Scientists are genuinely curious about the world in which we live and want to understand it. However, I do not think that this is the whole story. For the most part politicians care about their constituency, but in a depressingly large percentage of the time, they can be and are bought by powerful pressure groups. They convince themselves that what is good for them is good for the general public. Such self-deception is much less frequent among scientists than among medical doctors and college
Developing Proprioceptive Body Awareness in a Dialogue Circle

Dialogue is a much debated, contested, and interpreted idea that can be understood as a constitutive element of human experience spanning the radically subjective and phenomenological to the social, historical, and political. This article explores dialogue from the perspective of individuals within a small dialogue practice group with a focus on their conscious learning of the skill of proprioceptive bodily awareness. The practice of purposeful dialogue discussed here offers practitioners a way of relating to each other and themselves that has the potential for significant transformation of normal patterns of communication and self-reflection. The overarching goal of this dialogue practice is to facilitate a creative, honest, and deeply engaged communication of perspectives. Postmodern and poststructuralist theorizing about identity, multiculturalism, and power; the rapid increase in global trade, migration, and outsourcing; and the explosive growth in social tools are creating conditions that both afford and require effective, sensitive, and open-minded human relations. Results of this qualitative study indicate that this type of focused dialogue practice can result in increased awareness of automatic body states which in turn inform relational dynamics in a positive way.
Indications for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) likely remain the most common initiating and potentially reversible mechanisms of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Defibrillation is the only predictably effective therapy for reverting VF and pulseless VT to an effective rhythm for restoration of blood flow. Current indications for implantation of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators are the result of risk stratification strategies that can be divided as follows: (1) secondary prevention indications; (2) primary prevention in high-risk groups with acquired diseases; and (3) SCD prevention in selected patients with specific inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes or less common acquired diseases. Further improvement and understanding of different risk stratification strategies will eventually identify individuals at specific risk for SCD and, hence, determine the type of preventive intervention required for small, high-risk subsets of individuals, who are currently diluted within larger population groups or the general population that account for the majority of SCD victims.
The key image and case log application: new radiology software for teaching file creation and case logging that incorporates elements of a social network.

Rationale and Objectives To create novel radiology key image software that is easy to use for novice users, incorporates elements adapted from social networking Web sites, facilitates resident and fellow education, and can serve as the engine for departmental sharing of interesting cases and follow-up studies. Materials and Methods Using open-source programming languages and software, radiology key image software (the key image and case log application, KICLA) was developed. This system uses a lightweight interface with the institutional picture archiving and communications systems and enables the storage of key images, image series, and cine clips. It was designed to operate with minimal disruption to the radiologists' daily workflow. Many features of the user interface have been inspired by social networking Web sites, including image organization into private or public folders, flexible sharing with other users, and integration of departmental teaching files into the system. We also review the performance, usage, and acceptance of this novel system. Results KICLA was implemented at our institution and achieved widespread popularity among radiologists. A large number of key images have been transmitted to the system since it became available. After this early experience period, the most commonly encountered radiologic modalities are represented. A survey distributed to users revealed that most of the respondents found the system easy to use (89%) and fast at allowing them to record interesting cases (100%). Hundred percent of respondents also stated that they would recommend a system such as KICLA to their colleagues. Conclusions The system described herein represents a significant upgrade to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine teaching file paradigm with efforts made to maximize its ease of use and inclusion of characteristics inspired by social networking Web sites that allow the system additional functionality such as individual case logging.
Diet and Headache: Part 1

Background The role of diet in the management of the headache patient is a controversial topic in the headache field. Objectives To review the evidence supporting the hypothesis that specific foods or ingredients within foods and beverages trigger attacks of headache and/or migraine and to discuss the use of elimination diets in the prevention of headache disorders Methods This represents part 1 of a narrative review of the role of diet in the prevention of migraine and other headache disorders. A PubMed search was performed with the following search terms: “monosodium glutamate,” “caffeine,” “aspartame,” “sucralose,” “histamine intolerance syndrome,” “tyramine,” “alcohol,” “chocolate,” “nitrites,” “IgG elimination diets,” and “gluten.” Each of these search terms was then cross-referenced with “headache” and “migraine” to identify relevant studies. Only studies that were written in English were included in this review. Results Caffeine withdrawal and administration of MSG (dissolved in liquid) has the strongest evidence for triggering attacks of headache as evidenced by multiple positive provocation studies. Aspartame has conflicting evidence with two positive and two negative provocation studies. Observational studies provide modest evidence that gluten- and histamine-containing foods as well as alcohol may precipitate headaches in subgroups of patients. Two of three randomized controlled trials reported that an elimination diet of IgG positive foods significantly decreased frequency of headache/migraine during the treatment as compared to baseline time period. Conclusions Certain foods, beverages, and ingredients within foods may trigger attacks of headache and/or migraine in susceptible individuals. Elimination diets can prevent headaches in subgroups of persons with headache disorders.
Characterization of RNA-Binding Proteins Using Protein Microarrays

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), along with target RNA, play a vital role in the regulation of cellular processing and are especially important in gene transcription and posttranscriptional regulation. Here, we present a high-throughput method for rapid identification of RBPs for a given RNA using protein microarray technology. This protocol includes preparation of Cy5-labeled RNA probes, probe denaturing and refolding, and an RNA-binding assay as performed on a yeast protein microarray.
Overview of Parasitic Infections

Parasitic infections cause a number of the most important diseases of humans. Numerous treatments are available for this wide range of diseases, but in many cases there is a pressing need for improved therapies. Progress in drug discovery has unfortunately been rather slow, in part because the potential for profit is generally low, but some recent improvement in the overall pace of antiparasitic drug discovery and development has been seen. This chapter will summarize parasite disease problems and therapies for these infections.
New Directions in the Foundations of Mathematics (2002)

This talk was given 10 years ago. What it says still stands, but there is now quite a bit more to say. In the 10 years that have passed, much has been done in the exploration of the computational universe, both theoretically, and in applications, particularly in technology. (One notable result, already suspected a decade ago, is a proof of the simplest universal Turing machine.) Also in the intervening years Wolfram | Alpha has arrived, and the notion of computational knowledge that it delivers has quite a few implications for mathematics. Today, for example, we are in the beginning stages of an ambitious project to curate all published theorems of mathematics, and automatically to generate “interesting theorems” from descriptions of mathematical structures.
Animal Models of Androgen Insensitivity

In the human, androgen resistance has been associated with several different defects which result in complete to partial insensitivity to male hormones. These disorders include 5α-reductase deficiency, complete and incomplete forms of testicular feminization (Tfm), Reifenstein’s Syndrome one form of male infertility, and a possible postreceptor defect.1 Well-characterized animal models of androgen resistance are available only for testicular feminization.
Use of dilute ammonia gas for treatment of 1,2,3-trichloropropane and explosives-contaminated soils.

Abstract Laboratory studies were performed to test a novel reactive gas process for in-situ treatment of soils containing halogenated propanes or explosives. A soil column study, using a 5% ammonia-in-air mixture, established that the treatment process can increase soil pH from 7.5 to 10.2. Batch reactor experiments were performed to demonstrate contaminant destruction in sealed jars exposed to ammonia. Comparison of results from batch reactors that were, and were not, exposed to ammonia demonstrated reductions in concentrations of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), 1,3-dichloropropane (1,3-DCP), 1,2-dicholoropropane (1,2-DCP) and dibromochloropropane (DBCP) that ranged from 34 to 94%. Decreases in TCP concentrations at 23° C ranged from 37 to 65%, versus 89–94% at 62° C. A spiked soil column study was also performed using the same set of contaminants. The study showed a pH penetration distance of 30 cm in a 2.5 cm diameter soil column (with a pH increase from 8 to > 10), due to treatment via 5% ammonia gas at 1 standard cubic centimeter per minute (sccm) for 7 days. Batch reactor tests using explosives contaminated soils exhibited a 97% decrease in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), an 83% decrease in nitrobenzene, and a 6% decrease in hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). A biotransformation study was also performed to investigate whether growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms could be stimulated via prolonged exposure of soil to ammonia. Over the course of the 283 day study, only a very small amount of nitrite generation was observed; indicating very limited ammonia monooxygenase activity. Overall, the data indicate that ammonia gas addition can be a viable approach for treating halogenated propanes and some types of explosives in soils.
The calculus of service availability

Most services offered by Google aim to offer 99.99 percent (sometimes referred to as the "four 9s") availability to users. Some services contractually commit to a lower figure externally but set a ...
A smart wireless energy harvesting system with adaptive beamforming and power management

A high level design of a smart wireless energy harvesting system is presented. The energy harvesting system is designed to be adaptive to varying loads and input powers. The system also utilizes a phased array antenna to adaptively scan the beam for maximum power tracking. Simulated and experimental results for the major subsystems of the harvester are presented.
Panel Summary: Low Speed Experiments

The “Low Speed Experiments Panel” consisted of D. Arnal (ONERA/CERT), P. J. Bobbitt (NASA Langley), A. Braslow (NASA Langley consultant), T. C. Corke (Illinois Institute of Technology), M. Gaster (University of Cambridge), L. Maestrello (NASA Langley), and W. S. Saric (Arizona State University). Oral presentations were given by all except M. Gaster, who had to leave early, and T. C. Corke who was unable to attend due to his wife giving birth to their third child. Nevertheless, material provided by M. Gaster and T. C. Corke was presented by P. J. Bobbitt and M. Morkovin, respectively. All panel members provided written versions of their discussion except A. Braslow and W. S. Saric. However, some attempt will be made in this summary to give the gist of their remarks.
Cognitive Techniques: Network Awareness

Publisher Summary This chapter has presented a new form of network awareness—situation awareness—and its application in the construction of application-specific protocols. Users see the network through the window of distributed applications that carries out some combination of communication and computation to meet user needs. Familiar examples include web applications for shopping and banking, interactive applications such as video teleconferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and chat, as well as music sharing and massive multiplayer games. What each of these applications has in common is a model of the interactions between the user and the system and how the system supports interaction among sets of users. The chapter discusses specific requirements of typical applications. he commonality among many application requirements has been exploited to build network protocols that can be used by many applications. The general-purpose nature of such protocols is extremely attractive, but may sacrifice the ability to support specific applications as well as they might be supported by a dedicated and optimized protocol.
Fundamentals of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FD-TD) Method for Modeling Propagation in Dielectrics

The goal of a numerical method for time-domain electromagnetics problems is to accurately and timely solve Maxwell’s equations over a computational domain (depicated in fig. 1), $$\begin{gathered}\frac{{\partial B}}{{\partial t}} = - \nabla \times E,\,\nabla \cdot B = 0 \hfill \\\frac{{\partial D}}{{\partial t}} = \nabla \times H,\,\nabla \cdot D = 0 \hfill \\\end{gathered} $$ (1)
A guide to the cost of progesterone for prevention of preterm labor

Progesterone, in various forms, has been the sole pharmacologic weapon against preterm labor supported by randomized controlled trials since the early 2000s. Nightly vaginal suppositories and weekly injections were the first forms of progesterone proved to be effective in preventing preterm labor. The effectiveness of nightly vaginal gel was then demonstrated. These options are all relatively affordable. Suppositories and gel are only available in branded forms and until recently the intramuscular injection form was only available from compounding pharmacies. Several factors must be considered when choosing a product for a patient. These include route of administration, patient preference, local availability and cost.
Anticoincidence analysis for radioxenon detection

An algorithm was developed to improve the quantification of metastable isotopes in the presence of 133Xe. Radioxenon emissions are commonly used to monitor for nuclear explosions. When 133Xe is present in these samples it causes interference in the activity calculation of the metastable isotopes. The alternative analysis method analyzes the anticoincidence spectrum of the plastic detector to decrease interference from 133Xe. Simulation results show that the anticoincidence analysis accurately quantifies the activity of 131mXe. For the data analyzed here, the anticoincidence method identifies 83% more samples above the minimum detectable activity than the traditional method.
Impact of Medicare Part D on mental health treatment and outcomes for dual eligible beneficiaries with HIV

Depression is common among women with HIV and untreated depression can result in poor quality of life and worsen HIV outcomes. Women with HIV who are dually enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare faced a potential disruption in medication access when Medicare Part D was implemented in 2006. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of Medicare Part D implementation on antidepressant use, depressive symptoms, and hospitalization in Medicaid-Medicare dual eligible women with HIV. This study used 2003-2008 data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The effects of Medicare Part D were estimated using a difference-in-differences approach, adjusting for temporal trends using a matched control group of Medicaid-only enrollees. Before Medicare Part D implementation, dual eligibles differed from Medicaid-only enrollees in antidepressant use and hospitalization, despite having identical prescription drug coverage through Medicaid. For dual enrollees, the transition to Medicare Part D was not associated with changes in antidepressant use, depressive symptoms, or hospitalization. We did not find disruptive effects on antidepressant use and related outcomes among dual eligibles in this study. Stable antidepressant use may be due to better access to medical care for dual eligibles through Medicare both before and after Medicare Part D implementation, which may have eclipsed any effects of the transition. It may also signal that classification of antidepressants as a protected drug class under Medicare Part D was effective in preventing psychiatric medication disruption.
Where to from here? Blue passports, family, career-and Donald Trump.

AbstractIn this essay, we offer our stories of family and migration under a Donald Trump presidency. We are a lesbian couple; one of us is a citizen of the United States while the other is a citizen of a Muslim country. We use autoethnographic methods to explore and interrogate our “messy and fabulous” journey of liminality; our journey of belonging and exclusion, where we grapple with issues related to sexuality, family, career, and citizenship. Our “voices” are used both individually and in unison, to highlight our intersectional and relational selves. We intend this work to contribute to the many ways we can better understand and appreciate the bountiful and colorful vistas of lesbian families’ migrant experiences.
Brief exposure to intense turbulence induces a sustained life-history shift in echinoids.

ABSTRACT In coastal ecosystems, attributes of fluid motion can prompt animal larvae to rise or sink in the water column and to select microhabitats within which they attach and commit to a benthic existence. In echinoid (sea urchin and sand dollar) larvae living along wave-exposed shorelines, intense turbulence characteristic of surf zones can cause individuals to undergo an abrupt life-history shift characterized by precocious entry into competence – the stage at which larvae will settle and complete metamorphosis in response to local cues. However, the mechanistic details of this turbulence-triggered onset of competence remain poorly defined. Here, we evaluate in a series of laboratory experiments the time course of this turbulence effect, both the rapidity with which it initiates and whether it perdures. We found that larvae become competent with turbulence exposures as brief as 30 s, with longer exposures inducing a greater proportion of larvae to become competent. Intriguingly, larvae can remember such exposures for a protracted period (at least 24 h), a pattern reminiscent of long-term potentiation. Turbulence also induces short-term behavioral responses that last less than 30 min, including cessation of swimming, that facilitate sinking and thus contact of echinoid larvae with the substratum. Together, these results yield a novel perspective on how larvae find their way to suitable adult habitat at the critical settlement transition, and also open new experimental opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms by which planktonic animals respond to fluid motion.
Predicting Thunderstorm-Induced Power Outages to Support Utility Restoration

Strong thunderstorms have substantial impacts on power systems, posing risks and inconveniences due to power outages. Developing models predicting the outages before a storm is a high priority to support restoration planning. However, most power outage data are zero-inflated, which results in some challenges in predictive modeling such as bias and inaccuracy. Power outages are also stochastic and there always exists irreducible variability in outage predictions. The goal is to develop models to overcome the challenges caused by zero-inflation and to accurately estimate power outages in terms of probability distributions to better address inherent stochasticity and uncertainty in predictions. This paper proposes a novel approach integrating mixture models with resampling and cost-sensitive learning for predicting the probability distribution for the number of outages. Validating the models using power outage data, we demonstrate that our approach offers more accurate point and probabilistic predictions compared to traditional approaches, better supporting utility restoration planning.
The digitization of organic synthesis

Organic chemistry has largely been conducted in an ad hoc manner by academic laboratories that are funded by grants directed towards the investigation of specific goals or hypotheses. Although modern synthetic methods can provide access to molecules of considerable complexity, predicting the outcome of a single chemical reaction remains a major challenge. Improvements in the prediction of 'above-the-arrow' reaction conditions are needed to enable intelligent decision making to select an optimal synthetic sequence that is guided by metrics including efficiency, quality and yield. Methods for the communication and the sharing of data will need to evolve from traditional tools to machine-readable formats and open collaborative frameworks. This will accelerate innovation and require the creation of a chemistry commons with standardized data handling, curation and metrics.
Autofocusing of fluorescent microscopic images through deep learning convolutional neural networks

We present convolutional neural network models that can predict focused fluorescent microscopic images (modified UNET with cGAN) as well as the focal length (using the VGG model) from blurred images captured at overfocused or underfocused planes.
Twenty Years of Gut Transplantation for Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction: Technical Innovation, Long-term Outcome, Quality of Life, and Disease Recurrence

Objective To define long-term outcome, predictors of survival, and risk of disease recurrence after gut transplantation (GT) in patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO). Background GT has been increasingly used to rescue patients with CIPO with end-stage disease and home parenteral nutrition (HPN)-associated complications. However, long-term outcome including quality of life and risk of disease recurrence has yet to be fully defined. Methods Fifty-five patients with CIPO, 23 (42%) children and 32 (58%) adults, underwent GT and were prospectively studied. All patients suffered gut failure, received HPN, and experienced life-threatening complications. The 55 patients received 62 allografts; 43 (67%) liver-free and 19 (33%) liver-contained with 7 (13%) retransplants. Hindgut reconstruction was adopted in 1993 and preservation of native spleen was introduced in 1999. Immunosuppression was tacrolimus-based with antilymphocyte recipient pretreatment in 41 (75%). Results Patient survival was 89% at 1 year and 69% at 5 years with respective graft survival of 87% and 56%. Retransplantation was successful in 86%. Adults experienced better patient (P = 0.23) and graft (P = 0.08) survival with lower incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (P = 0.09) and graft versus host disease (P = 0.002). Antilymphocyte pretreatment improved overall patient (P = 0.005) and graft (P = 0.069) survival. The initially restored nutritional autonomy was sustainable in 23 (70%) of 33 long-term survivors with improved quality of life. The remaining 10 recipients required reinstitution of HPN due to allograft enterectomy (n = 3) or gut dysfunction (n = 7). Disease recurrence was highly suspected in 4 (7%) recipients. Conclusions GT is life-saving for patients with end-stage CIPO and HPN-associated complications. Long-term survival is achievable with better quality of life and low risk of disease recurrence.
Are Ancient Remedies the New Answer to Fighting Infections

Although modern medicine has made great strides over the past decades, there still exists a struggle in the fight against microbial infections. As microbes continue to develop antimicrobial resistance, it is imperative that new treatment options be developed to overcome this hurdle. Bacteria can develop resistance to current antimicrobial agents through several methods, some requiring cell-to-cell contact through conjugation and other mechanisms that require no contact at all. As current treatments become less toxic to microbes, the need for new treatments is intensified. Throughout the history of human existence, plant and animal products have been used for various infectious diseases. As these products have been further analyzed, the phytochemicals, or active molecules involved, have begun to be uncovered. Discovering the mechanisms of action of the active molecules in these ancient remedies may lead to the development of new drugs to help fight infection.
Willingness of women to participate in obstetrical and pediatric research involving biobanks.

Use of biobanks for future genetic/genomic testing has increased. Biospecimens are increasingly being collected from infants/children; however, little is known about attitudes towards collection of biospecimens from postpartum women and their child. Using a hypothetical consent, this study investigated willingness to participate and attitudes, beliefs, and concerns related to consent materials requesting the biobanking genetic samples. A cross-sectional mixed methods design included women who reviewed a hypothetical consent related to biobanking genetic samples. Women were asked about their willingness to participate, followed by a focus group about biobanks and genetic/genomic testing. Post-focus group questionnaires assessed willingness to participate, the influence of study characteristics, and attitudes about genetic testing. Women (N = 37) were 29.0± 7.3 years of age (range 19–44); 51% had children and 28% were currently pregnant. A total of 46% were Hispanic (H), 38% were White non-Hispanic (WNH), and 16% were Native American (NA). Seventy-six percent (28/37) initially indicated that they would participate in the hypothetical study. Race and ethnicity impacted whether women would participate. Fewer NA women indicated that they would participate compared with H women and with WNH women (p < 0.02). Age, pregnancy status, having children, education level, insurance status, and income had no impact on participation decision and willingness to biobank specimens. NA and H women indicated that they were less likely than WNH women to agree to participate in a long-term biobank study. Given the importance of determining the genetic influence of health and disease, it is critical to attend to the questions and concerns of minority women regarding genetic studies.
Synthesis of Glycosyl Chlorides and Bromides by Chelation Assisted Activation of Picolinic Esters under Mild Neutral Conditions

A general method has been developed for the formation of glycosyl chlorides and bromides from picolinic esters under mild and neutral conditions. Benchtop stable picolinic esters are activated by a copper(II) halide species to afford the corresponding products in high yields with a traceless leaving group. Rare β glycosyl chlorides are accessible via this route through neighboring group participation. Additionally, glycosyl chlorides with labile protecting groups previously not easily accessible can be prepared.
Executive and non-executive functions in low birthweight/preterm adolescents with differing temporal patterns of inattention.

Objective This study assesses whether low birthweight/preterm (LBW/PT) adolescents with persistent inattention (PIA) have neuropsychological deficits that distinguish them from adolescents with school age limited inattention (SAL) and those largely unaffected (UA). Method Three latent classes (PIA, SAL, UA), derived from an earlier analysis of a LBW/PT birth cohort were compared on non-executive and executive functioning measures assessed at age 16. Results The PIA class displayed the poorest performance on executive functioning, which was exaggerated in the context of lower IQ. The PIA and the SAL classes had poorer performance on non-executive functioning relative to the UA class. Both types of functioning mediated the relationship of class to school service use and grade retention. Conclusion Neuropsychological impairment characterizes children and adolescents with inattention problems. Problems in executive functioning characterize the subset whose inattention persists through adolescence. Subsequent research can examine the potential for remediating these deficits to address academic and social problems.
Limited diagnostic impact of duplications <1 Mb of uncertain clinical significance: a 10-year retrospective analysis of reporting practices at the Mayo Clinic.

PURPOSE Copy-number variants (CNVs) of uncertain clinical significance are routinely reported in a clinical setting only when exceeding predetermined reporting thresholds, typically based on CNV size. Given that very few genes are associated with triplosensitive phenotypes, it is not surprising that many interstitial duplications <1 Mb are found to be inherited and anticipated to be of limited or no clinical significance. METHODS In an effort to further refine our reporting criteria to maximize diagnostic yield while minimizing the return of uncertain variants, we performed a retrospective analysis of all clinical microarray cases reported in a 10-year window. A total of 1112 reported duplications had parental follow-up, and these were compared by size, RefSeq gene content, and inheritance pattern. De novo origin was used as a rough proxy for pathogenicity. RESULTS Approximately 6% of duplications 500 kb-1 Mb were de novo observations, compared with approximately 14% for 1-2 Mb duplications (p = 0.0005). On average, de novo duplications had higher gene counts than inherited duplications. CONCLUSION Our data reveal limited diagnostic utility for duplications of uncertain significance <1 Mb. Considerations for revised reporting criteria are discussed and are applicable to CNVs detected by any genome-wide exploratory methodology, including exome/genome sequencing.
SHEDR: An End-to-End Neural Event Detection and Recommendation Framework for Hyperlocal News Using Social Media

Residents often rely on newspapers and television to gather hyperlocal news for community awareness and engagement. More recently, social media have emerged as an increasingly important source of hyperlocal news. Thus far, the Information System (IS) literature on using social media to create desirable societal benefits, such as civic awareness and engagement, is still in its infancy. One key challenge in this research stream is to timely and accurately distill information from noisy social media data streams to community members. In this work, we develop SHEDR (Social Me-dia-based Hyperlocal Event Detection & Recommendation), an end-to-end neural event detection and recommendation framework on Twitter to facilitate residents’ information-seeking of hyperlo-cal events. The key innovation in SHDER lies in the design of the hyperlocal event detector and the event recommender. First, we harness the power of two popular deep neural network models, CNN and LSTM, in a joint CNN-LSTM model to characterize spatial-temporal dependencies for capturing unusualness in a region of interest, which is classified as a hyperlocal event. Next, we develop a neural pair-wise ranking algorithm for recommending detected hyperlocal events t resi-dents based on their interests. To alleviate the sparsity issue and improve personalization, our algo-rithm incorporates several types of contextual information covering topic, social and geographical proximities. We perform comprehensive evaluations based on two large scale datasets comprising geotagged tweets covering Seattle and Chicago. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our frame-work in comparison to several state-of-the-art approaches. We show that our hyperlocal event de-tection and recommendation models consistently and significantly outperform other approaches in terms of precision, recall, and F-1 scores.
Work-nonwork balance: Development and validation of a global and multidimensional measure

Abstract Based on Casper et al.'s (2018) definitions of global balance and involvement, affective, and effectiveness dimensions of work-nonwork balance, we developed and validated a measure, with a total of 20 items – 5 items for global balance and 5 items for each dimension. Using 3 studies, we established the content adequacy, factor structure, reliability, and gender and parental status invariance of the measure. Moreover, we show that our measure converges with prior measures of balance (Carlson et al., 2009; Valcour, 2007) and is distinct from role-specific measures of involvement, satisfaction, and performance, as well as life satisfaction. Finally, we demonstrate that global balance and its dimensions uniquely predict employee engagement, citizenship behaviors, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, emotional exhaustion, and/or health, above and beyond existing measures of balance. Thus, our research provides a comprehensive, validated, multidimensional measure of work-nonwork balance and offers unique explanation of valued attitudes and behaviors. Future theoretical, research and practical implications are discussed.