cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract AP20: STROMAL CELL EXPRESSION OF THE RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE DDR2 PROMOTES OVARIAN CANCER METASTASIS

OBJECTIVES: Understand the role of stromal discoid domain receptor 2 (DDR2) expression in ovarian cancer metastasis METHODS: 111 high-grade serous ovarian cancer specimens were examined for stromal DDR2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with survival. The stromal cell contribution of DDR2 for the steps of metastasis were evaluated through mesothelial cell clearance, Matrigel invasion assays, and germline knock-out mice. DDR2 low versus DDR2 high primary stromal cells were cultured from normal omenutum: human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) and normal omental fibroblasts (NOF). DDR2 knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used to evaluate metastasis. DDR2 positive (ID8Trp53-/-BRCA2-/- and ES2) tumor cells were used. Mesothelial cell clearance area was evaluated by measuring the size of the clearance area, invasion was evaluated by the number of tumor cells per high power field (hpf), and metastatic spread evaluated by number of tumors nodules and tumor weight. Collagen contribution was evaluated with Masson9s trichrome stain and second harmonic generation (SHG). In addition, the media of genetically inhibited DDR2 or therapeutic inhibition of DDR2 in the NOFs (siControl vs siDDR2) was removed and then added to tumor cells to evaluate for invasion. Therapeutic inhibition was performed with a small molecule developed in a collaborating lab, WRG-R28. RESULTS: Patients with high stromal cell DDR2 expression had a median overall survival (OS) of 171 months vs. low stromal cell DDR2 expression (OS) of 28 months (p CONCLUSIONS: The stromal contribution of DDR2 promotes tumor cell clearance of mesothelial cells and metastatic spread. This suggests that stromal expression of DDR2 may be a potential target to guide future therapy particularly in the maintenance setting. Citation Format: Molly Greenwade, Holly Beck, Whitney Grither, Daniel Wilke, Katina Massad, Lei Guo, Greg Longmore, Katherine Fuh. STROMAL CELL EXPRESSION OF THE RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE DDR2 PROMOTES OVARIAN CANCER METASTASIS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr AP20.
Spatio-temporal foreshock evolution of the 2019 M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquakes

Abstract The 2019 M 6.4 and M 7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence provides an ideal opportunity to study the seismicity evolution and interaction among multiple complex fault structures. Here, we apply the matched-filter detection method to obtain a relatively complete (magnitude of completeness ≈ 0.9) and precisely relocated earthquake catalog. The results show a short-duration (∼ 31 minutes) foreshock sequence with 28 events, before the M 6.4 earthquake. The foreshock sequence started with a M 4.0 event and was aligned along the NW-SE direction. This implies that the M 6.4 rupture initiated on a NW trending fault segment, before rupturing the primary SW trending fault. Repeating earthquakes before and after the M 7.1 event are separated in space and bound the areas of large coseismic slip in the M 6.4 and M 7.1 events. This might reflect local slow slip acceleration near the edges of coseismic rupture asperities. The NW-striking fault zones illuminated by seismicity are separated into several sub-regions with distinct pre-M7.1 seismicity rate evolutions. The M 7.1 event nucleated in a region of local seismicity concentration which intensified ∼ 3 hr before the M 7.1 mainshock. The M 7.1 nucleation zone is characterized by a significantly low b value of events that occurred since the M 6.4 event, which might indicate local failure conditions approaching a critical state.
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Operable Pancreatic Cancer

Overall survival (OS) for operable pancreatic cancer (PC) is optimized when 4–6 months of nonsurgical therapy is combined with pancreatectomy. Because surgery renders the delivery of postoperative therapy uncertain, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is gaining popularity. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with operable PC and compared TNT with shorter course neoadjuvant therapy (SNT). Primary outcomes of interest included completion of neoadjuvant therapy (NT) and resection of the primary tumor, receipt of 5 months of nonsurgical therapy, and median OS. We reviewed 541 consecutive patients from 2009 to 2019 including 226 (42%) with resectable PC and 315 (58%) with borderline resectable (BLR) PC. The median age was 66 years (IQR [59, 72]), and 260 (48%) patients were female. TNT was administered to 89 (16%) patients and SNT was administered to 452 (84%). Both groups were equally likely to complete intended NT and surgery (p = 0.90). Patients who received TNT and surgical resection were more likely to have a complete pathologic response (8% vs 4%, p < 0.01) and were more likely to receive at least 5 months of nonsurgical therapy (67% vs 45%, p < 0.01). The median OS was 26 months [IQR (15, 57)]; not reached among patients treated with TNT, and 25 months [IQR (15, 56)] among patients treated with SNT (p = 0.19). TNT ensures the delivery of intended systemic therapy prior to a complicated operation without decreasing the chance of successful surgery; a window of operability was not lost. Patients who can tolerate SNT will likely benefit from TNT.
The Determinants, Textual Properties, and Consequences of U.S. Critical Audit Matter Disclosures

This study investigates the determinants, textual properties, and consequences of the newly disclosed U.S. critical audit matters (CAMs). We find that complexity, financial reporting issues, and the magnitude of accounts that require high degrees of judgment significantly determine the quantity and subject of CAM disclosures. Next, we use difference-in-difference designs to examine whether adopting the CAM disclosure requirement is associated with changes to management’s disclosures, market reaction, and audit outcomes. Using textual analysis, we document significant changes in financial statement footnotes referenced by CAMs, suggesting that management, alone or in conjunction with their auditor, change their disclosure in an apparent attempt to expand and clarify areas that may be scrutinized. Results reveal no overall market reaction or change in audit fees or quality. However, in cross-sectional analysis within CAM adopters, we find that variation in the number and textual properties of CAMs disclosed are significantly associated with abnormal returns and audit fees, suggesting they convey audit-specific risk information. In additional analysis, we utilize our well-specified determinants models to explore further outcomes of the unexpected non-disclosure of CAMs. Overall, our findings provide insights on the new CAM standard, and particularly demonstrate their relevance to management disclosure decisions and to the market.
Epidemiology of Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis, characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, can have a substantial impact on the quality of women's lives. Despite this, the epidemiologic research on this condition lags considerably behind that of other noncancerous reproductive health conditions. The lack of progress and knowledge is due in part to the challenges in designing valid epidemiologic studies, since the diagnosis of adenomyosis historically has been limited to the examination of uterine specimens from hysterectomy. This review describes the available data on the frequency of this condition and the epidemiologic investigation thus far into the risk factors for disease-highlighting the methodologic and inference challenges primarily around study sample selection. We conclude with providing recommendations for approaches to future epidemiologic study that capitalize on the advancements in imaging technology to detect adenomyosis and provide a fuller picture of the occurrence and risk factors for disease.
Kinematics and Metallicity of M31 Red Giants: The Giant Southern Stream and Discovery of a Second Cold Component at R = 20 kpc

We present spectroscopic observations of red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Andromeda spiral galaxy (M31), acquired with the DEIMOS instrument on the Keck II 10 m telescope. The three fields targeted in this study are in the M31 spheroid, outer disk, and giant southern stream. In this paper, we focus on the kinematics and chemical composition of RGB stars in the stream field located at a projected distance of R = 20 kpc from M31's center. A mix of stellar populations is found in this field. M31 RGB stars are isolated from Milky Way dwarf star contaminants using a variety of spectral and photometric diagnostics. The radial velocity distribution of RGB stars displays a clear bimodality—a primary peak centered at 1 = -513 km s-1 and a secondary one at 2 = -417 km s-1—along with an underlying broad component that is presumably representative of the smooth spheroid of M31. Both peaks are found to be dynamically cold with intrinsic velocity dispersions of σ(v) ≈ 16 km s-1. The mean metallicity and metallicity dispersion of stars in the two peaks is also found to be similar: [Fe/H] ~ -0.45 and σ([Fe/H]) = 0.2. The observed velocity of the primary peak is consistent with that predicted by dynamical models for the stream, but there is no obvious explanation for the secondary peak. The nature of the secondary cold population is unclear: it may represent (1) tidal debris from a satellite merger event that is superimposed on, but unrelated to, the giant southern stream; (2) a wrapped around component of the giant southern stream; or (3) a warp or overdensity in M31's disk at Rdisk > 50 kpc (this component is well above the outward extrapolation of the smooth exponential disk brightness profile).
A comparative study of prostate PTV margins for patients using hydrogel spacer or rectal balloon in proton therapy.

Abstract Purpose To compare the planning target volume (PTV) margins needed for prostate patients who have used hydrogel spacer or rectal balloon during proton treatments. Method Total of 190 prostate patients treated with proton therapy during 2017 were selected for this study. Of these patients, 96 had hydrogel spacer injection and 94 patients had only rectal balloons insertion. All patients had implanted gold markers inside the prostate for daily target alignment. Post-treatment radigraphs were obtained to evaluate prostate intrafraction motion. The systematic and random components of patient setup residual error and prostate intrafraction motion error were obtained. PTV margins were calculated using the van Herk formula for both patient groups. Results For setup residual error, the mean values in the superior-inferior (SI) direction and the variances in the left–right (LR) direction were statistically different between the two groups. For intrafraction motion, there were significant differences of the mean values in the SI direction and of the variances in both LR and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. The population PTV margins for hydrogel spacer group were 2.6 mm, 3.3 mm, and 1.6 mm in LR, SI, AP directions, respectively. For the rectal balloon group, the PTV margins were 2.1 mm, 3.1 mm, and 2.0 mm in LR, SI, AP directions, respectively. Conclusion Statistically significant differences were observed in the patient setup and prostate intrafraction motion errors of the two patient groups. However, under the current protocol of bladder preparation and daily marker-based x-ray image-guidance, population PTV margins were comparable between the two patient groups.
Output Perturbation for Differentially Private Convex Optimization with Improved Population Loss Bounds, Runtimes and Applications to Private Adversarial Training.

Finding efficient, easily implementable differentially private (DP) algorithms that offer strong excess risk bounds is an important problem in modern machine learning. To date, most work has focused on private empirical risk minimization (ERM) or private population loss minimization. However, there are often other objectives--such as fairness, adversarial robustness, or sensitivity to outliers--besides average performance that are not captured in the classical ERM setup. To this end, we study a completely general family of convex, Lipschitz loss functions and establish the first known DP excess risk and runtime bounds for optimizing this broad class. We provide similar bounds under additional assumptions of smoothness and/or strong convexity. We also address private stochastic convex optimization (SCO). While $(\epsilon, \delta)$-DP ($\delta > 0$) has been the focus of much recent work in private SCO, proving tight population loss bounds and runtime bounds for $(\epsilon, 0)$-DP remains a challenging open problem. We provide the tightest known $(\epsilon, 0)$-DP population loss bounds and fastest runtimes under the presence of (or lack of) smoothness and strong convexity. Our methods extend to the $\delta > 0$ setting, where we offer the unique benefit of ensuring differential privacy for arbitrary $\epsilon > 0$ by incorporating a new form of Gaussian noise. Finally, we apply our theory to two learning frameworks: tilted ERM and adversarial learning. In particular, our theory quantifies tradeoffs between adversarial robustness, privacy, and runtime. Our results are achieved using perhaps the simplest DP algorithm: output perturbation. Although this method is not novel conceptually, our novel implementation scheme and analysis show that the power of this method to achieve strong privacy, utility, and runtime guarantees has not been fully appreciated in prior works.
Liquid Metal-based Tunable Coaxial Antenna for Microwave Ablation

In this paper, we propose a liquid metal tunable antenna for microwave ablation that aims to maintain the optimal impedance matching among different organs of treatment. Tuning was achieved by a pneumatic-driven physical displacement of liquid metal plug inside a dielectric tube interconnecting with the coaxial cable. Simulations were performed at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz for the tunable coaxial monopole antenna inserted into models of liver, bone, inflated and deflated lung tissue. We demonstrated that with minor tuning of monopole length, the optimal impedance matching can be achieved among a wide range of dielectric property variations.
Introduction to Cutaneous Lymphomas

The term cutaneous lymphoma encompasses an array of neoplasms that vary widely in their clinical presentation, prognosis, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology. The World Health Organization–European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO/EORTC) classification system recognizes 15 primary cutaneous lymphomas (Table 2.1). These lymphomas are divided into three overarching categories: T-cell lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas, and precursor neoplasms. Each chapter in this book is dedicated to one of these cutaneous lymphomas and offers a clinical and histopathologic description, differential diagnosis, and one or more clinical cases. Our intent in writing this book is to familiarize the reader with the most recent classifications of the cutaneous lymphomas, offer relevant clinical and histopathologic characteristics, and provide direction in navigating the often difficult task of distinguishing the various forms of cutaneous lymphoma.
Communist Conventions for Deductive Reasoning

In section 1, I develop epistemic communism, my view of the function of epistemically evaluative terms such as ‘rational’. The function is to support the coordination of our belief-forming rules, which in turn supports the reliable acquisition of beliefs through testimony. This view is motivated by the existence of valid inferences that we hesitate to call rational. I defend the view against the worry that it fails to account for a function of evaluations within first-personal deliberation. In the rest of the paper, I then argue, on the basis of epistemic communism, for a view about rationality itself. I set up the argument in section 2 by saying what a theory of rational deduction is supposed to do. I claim that such a theory would provide a necessary, sufficient, and explanatorily unifying condition for being a rational rule for inferring deductive consequences. I argue in section 3 that, given epistemic communism and the conventionality that it entails, there is no such theory. Nothing explains why certain rules for deductive reasoning are rational.
Crack Propagation in a Thermally Stressed Ceramic Reactor Fuel

Ceramic reactor fuels are inherently brittle, and therefore extensive cracking occurs from thermal stresses generated during reactor transients (e.g., reactor startup, shutdown, or overpower transients). The fuel cross section in Fig. 11 shows the type of flaws that are present in the as-fabricated fuel and the extensive cracking that occurs during irradiation. Fuel cracking influences fuel swelling and fission-gas release. Also, the loss of fuel integrity that results from cracking can have a deleterious effect on the cladding stress and on “fuel motion” during an accident situation. For these reasons, an analysis of fuel cracking is an essential part of the computer models2,3 of fuel-element behavior that are being developed to predict normal and off-normal (or accident) performance. The analytical study of cracking presented in this paper was undertaken to (1) improve the treatment of fuel cracking in the mechanical models of fuel behavior,2,3 and (2) provide insight into possible ways of controlling fuel-cracking behavior through manipulation of material parameters or flaw densities.
CSF Characteristics in Patients with High Frisén Papilledema Grades from the IIHTT (P1.328)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of CSF pressure to high Frisen papilledema grades (4 and 5), and the response to randomized treatment with acetazolamide plus diet versus placebo plus diet in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT). BACKGROUND: Papilledema is optic disc edema due to increased intracranial pressure. The severity of papilledema grade may be related to the density of trabeculations in the subarachnoid space, magnitude of CSF pressure, or another mechanism. DESIGN/METHODS: Papilledema was present and graded in all IIHTT subjects, each of whom had mild to moderate visual field loss. In the IIHTT, 165 patients met inclusion criteria with lumbar puncture (LP) CSFp > 250 mm H2O, or > 200 mm H2O with other compelling IIH clinical/imaging criteria. All participants were asked to repeat the LP 6 months later. We correlated CSF pressure (CSFp) with Frisen grade and treatment category. RESULTS: Fifty patients had high Frisen grade (HFG). Of these, 21 had CSFp under 350 and 29 had CSFp over 350. HFG was found in 22[percnt] of patients having CSFp under 350, and 39[percnt] of patients having CSFp over 350 (p = 0.0262). 6 months LP was performed in 13/29 patients having both CSFp > 350 and HFG. In this group, eleven patients were on acetazolamide. All of these improved: Seven by Frisen grade of 0-1, one by 2, and three by 3. Mean CSFp decreased from 446.5 to 233.5. In contrast, the two patients in this category on diet alone sustained persistently high CSFp and unchanged HFG. The one patient who required optic nerve sheath fenestration was on diet alone. CONCLUSIONS: Higher CSFp was associated with significantly higher (worse) Frisen grade. Treatment with acetazolamide improved patients with HFG. Disclosure: Dr. Pula has received personal compensation for activities with Questcor as an advisory board participant. Dr. Kattah has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer, Inc. as a consultant. Dr. Kattah has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity with e-medicine. Dr. Mejico has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDermott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wall has received personal compensation for activities with Boeringer Ingelheim as a consultant.
Consumer reactions to the tone of written drug information

Emotional and cognitive reactions to four different patient package inserts (PPIs) describing flurazepam were tested. All documents contained the same basic information. However, this information was presented in a frank manner to half the subjects and in a reassuring manner to the other half. In addition, in both cases, drug side effects were presented either as a list or in paragraph form. Study subjects--456 members of a college community--each read one of the PPIs and then completed a self-administered questionnaire that had 10 multiple-choice questions about flurazepam and 19 scaled questions focusing on semantics. The frank version was judged clearer, more interesting, longer, and more appropriate for an adult audience. Tone also affected which items of information in the PPI were remembered best, possibly because it helped to establish which information was considered most important. Caution should be observed in generalizing the study conclusions until they are corroborated by research on a wider patient population.
Recruiting more computer science students—what to do after the “glamour” has gone away?

The moderator will first focus on the question: “Are enrollments actually declining in computer science programs across this country?” He will report the results of his surveys which indicate there has been a definite downturn in enrollment over the past two years. The panelists will then discuss what is being done at their schools to recruit students and to meet this new challenge of declining enrollments.
Geographical variation in dormancy in a copepod: evidence from population crosses

Populations of the freshwater copepod Mesocyclops edax inhabiting Michigan lakes arc dormant during winter, whereas populations inhabiting Florida lakes develop and reproduce continuously throughout the year. A Michigan and a Florida population were exposed to dormancy inducing conditions (low temperature and short photoperiod) in the laboratory and observed for indications of dormancy. All Michigan individuals and a small percentage of the Florida individuals entered dormancy as indicated by prolonged duration of the fourth copepodid instar and cessation of feeding. I suggest that in these population these observations represent diapause, rather than quiescence. The two populations were crossbred to examine the nature of inheritance of dormancy. The F1 hybrids exhibited an incidence of diapause approximately intermediate between the Florida and Michigan parental stocks. The backcrosses of F1 individuals to the Michigan and Florida stocks, respectively, exhibited a high and an intermediate incidence of diapause. Survival of the F2 crosses was very low. The present study presents evidence of genetic differentiation between the Michigan and Florida populations of M. edax with respect to ability to diapause.
RNA editing events in mitochondrial genes by ultra-deep sequencing methods: a comparison of cytoplasmic male sterile, fertile and restored genotypes in cotton

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait resulting in failure to produce functional pollen and is widely used in the production of hybrid seed. Improper RNA editing is implicated as the molecular basis for some CMS systems. However, the mechanism of CMS in cotton is unknown. This study compared RNA editing events in eight mitochondrial genes (atp1, 4, 6, 8, 9, and cox1, 2, 3) among three lines (maintainer B, CMS A, and restorer R). These events were quantified by ultra-deep sequencing of mitochondrial transcripts and sequencing of cloned versions of these genes as cDNAs. A comparison of genomic PCR and RT-PCR products detected 72 editing sites in coding sequences in the eight genes and four partial editing sites in the 3′-untranslated region of atp6. The most frequent alteration (61.4 %) resulted in changes of hydrophilic amino acids to hydrophobic amino acids and the most common alteration was proline (P) to leucine (L) (26.7 %). In atp6, RNA editing created a stop codon from a glutamine in the genomic sequence. Statistical analysis of the frequencies of RNA editing events detected differences between mtDNA genes, but no differences between cotton cytoplasms that could account for the CMS phenotype or restoration. This study represents the first work to use next-generation sequencing to identify RNA editing positions and efficiency, and possible association with CMS and restoration in plants.
Effects of Oxygen on Biodegradation of Fuels in a Corroding Environment

Abstract The relationship between corrosion and biodegradation of bio- and petroleum-based fuels was evaluated using aerobic seawater, fuel and unprotected carbon steel coupons under stagnant conditions to simulate a potential fuel storage condition. Aerobic respiration and corrosion reactions consumed oxygen in the incubations in a short time. The transient oxygen influenced the microbial biodegradation of all fuels and resulted in a suite of characteristic metabolites, including catechols. The corrosion was believed to be the result of biogenic sulfide production and in all cases, the black corrosion products contained chlorine and sulfur (presumed chloride and sulfide) in addition to iron. There were few differences in electrochemically measured corrosion rates in incubations amended with any of the fuels or their blends. Clone library analysis demonstrated higher proportions of Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria (primarily sulfate-reducing bacteria), Chloroflexi, and Lentisphaerae in incubations exposed to fuels than the original seawater. Relative proportions of sequences affiliated with these bacterial groups varied with fuel. Methanogen sequences similar to those of Methanolobus were also found in multiple incubations. Despite the dominance of characteristically anaerobic taxa, sequences coding for an alkane monooxygenase from marine hydrocarbon-degrading genera and aerobically produced intermediates were observed, indicative that organisms with this metabolic potential were active at some point during the incubation. Aerobic oxidation of fuel components resulted in the formation of a series of intermediates that could be used by anaerobic seawater microbial communities to support metabolism, sulfide production, and carbon steel corrosion.
The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity.

Abstract Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is an important cytokine in the host defense against infection by viral and microbial pathogens. IFN-γ induces a variety of physiologically significant responses that contribute to immunity. Treatment of animal cells with IFN-γ or infection with viral or microbial pathogens leads to changes in the level of expression of several target genes as revealed by DNA microarray analyses. The signaling pathways leading to the induction of IFN-γ-regulated gene products and, in some cases, their biochemical functions have been defined in exquisite detail. Studies of transgenic mutant mice deficient in proteins of the IFN-γ response pathway firmly establish the importance of IFN-γ in immunity.
Feshbach resonances in positron-hydrogen scattering

Using a wave function including the 1s-2s-2p eigenstates of hydrogen and the 1s ground state of positronium, we have calculated the position and width of the lowest Feshbach resonance in the e(+)-H system, which lies between the positronium rearrangement threshold and the n=2 hydrogen threshold. The method differs from the usual close-coupling method, resembling in its formulation the projection operator technique, although orthogonality of closed-channel and open-channel functions is not demanded. The resonance lies 9.8281 eV above the ground state of hydrogen and has width of 0.029 eV in this approximation.
Segmented focal plane detector for light and heavy ions

Abstract A segmented focal plane detector for an Enge split-pole spectrograph has been developed for the study of breakup reactions at very low relative energies. It consists of a 61 cm long segmented position-sensitive parallel plate avalanche counter backed by a large Bragg curve detector. A segmented plastic scintillator is mounted behind the anode of the Bragg curve detector and is used for particle identification of low-ionizing particles. The dead space between the two sections of the focal plane detector is 2.5 mm. The intrinsic position resolution of the detector is 1 mm. The intrinsic energy resolution depends on the energy of the incident ion and can be as good as 0.55%. The nuclear charge and mass resolutions are 0.3 e and 0.3 u, respectively.
Exploring racially diverse college students' perspectives on child discipline: a qualitative study

The aim of this study was to investigate racially diverse college students’ own perspective of child discipline strategies to determine whether the context and administration of these strategies varies by ethnicity/race. A total of 124 undergraduate students completed open-ended semi-structured interviews responding to questions about their own definitions of various terms used for child discipline. Inductive content analysis and coding of themes were carried out using appropriate qualitative software and quantitative data analysis procedures. Similar themes emerged when defining “spanking” across ethnic/racial groups. However, ethnic/racial differences were found regarding the meaning and administration of the physical discipline strategy of “whipping”. Understanding the underlying intention and purpose of discipline strategies across ethnicity/racial groups is warranted.
A critique of fuzzy rational choice models

The rational choice model developed for economics has been adopted by the political science communtity. Unfortunately the rational choice model does not seem to be as applicable to political situations as it is to economic situations. Reasonable models lead to undesirable conclusions, as exemplified by Arrows theorem, which uses for reasonable axioms to conclude that dictatorship is inevitable. Of course, the axioms used have come under comprehensive analysis, and weaknesses have been shown, however, none of the axioms are blatantly unrealistic. Most are quite reasonable. Researchers have tried using fuzzy rational choice functions to get around Arrow, to produce a model of choice that is reasonable but non-dictatorial. However, the methodology used is often straightforward fuzzification of crisp concepts. This paper argues that these concepts really do not translate as well as one would like.
Using latent class analysis to test developmental models

Abstract While psychology in general has moved away from using typologies and toward using continua to conceptualize dimensions of behavior, certain aspects of learning and development are still fruitfully considered in typological terms. One reason for the abandonment of typologies was that a small number of types seemed unable to explain the enormous diversity of behavior. The development of statistical models such as latent class analysis has allowed theories involving types to be tested, and the allowance for errors of measurement explains how a small number of types can result in a large number of observed patterns of behavior. This paper demonstrates the application of latent class analysis in several areas of interest to developmental psychologists.
Searching for a (B−L) gauge boson in pp collisions

Abstract We explore the possibility that an extra neutral U(1) gauge boson of mass ∼ 250 GeV is responsible for two double jet-lepton-neutrino events which have been seen at CERN. A minimal extension of the standard model which gauges ( B − L ) can lead to roughly one-third the observed number of events without violating low-energy neutral-current phenomenology.
Nonlithographic approach to nanostructure fabrication using a scanned electrospinning source

We have used deposited polymeric nanofibers as nonlithographic templates for the fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures. We deposited oriented poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers, with diameters ranging from 85 to 350 nm, on the surface of various substrates using a microfabricated electrospinning source. By utilizing the small apex of a microfabricated source, a stable Taylor cone was formed as an electrostatically driven source of polymer solution directed toward the substrate. By attaching the target substrate to a rotating counter electrode, isolated and oriented PMMA fibers were deposited. We used these fibers as etch masks to pattern nanostructures in the surface of a silicon wafer. This method provides a simple, nonlithographic approach to forming nanostructures on a wide variety of substrates, such as silicon, aluminum, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and glass. The fiber deposition can be oriented with respect to surface features, allowing for realization of nanodevice architectures.
Colonialism and postcolonialism as (Latin) American mirages

(1992). Colonialism and postcolonialism as (Latin) American mirages. Colonial Latin American Review: Vol. 1, No. 1-2, pp. 3-23.
Tests and final integration of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker

The silicon tracker (SCT) is part of the inner detector at the ATLAS experiment at CERN. Its basic building blocks are 5 different types of silicon strip modules. In total more than 15000 p-on-n single-sided silicon strip sensors of an area of about 61 m2 were used to produce 4088 SCT modules. An overall module production yield of 92% could be achieved, where the silicon modules comply with the tight electrical, thermal and mechanical specifications. The macro-assembly of 2112 barrel modules to the four barrel support cylinders was successfully carried out. The nine disks of one endcap are fully populated with 988 modules, and for the second endcap more than 50% of the modules are already mounted. Test results operating complete barrels will be presented as well as a description of the test setup. The different integration steps of the SCT with the surrounding transition radiation tracker (TRT) will be explained. The installation of SCT and TRT into the ATLAS pit will happen during 2006
Ternary diffusion in multilayer Ag-Au-Cu thin films

Abstract Ternary Ag-Au-Cu thin films consisting of alternate layers of Ag and Au+Cu, with a layer periodicity of 10–20 A, were prepared in a three-source feedback-controller evaporator system. Intralayer diffusion was studied by measuring the decay of satellite X-ray intensity scattered by the concentration modulation (layering) as a function of annealing time at low temperature (242°C). The diffusion matrix D is obtained by the direct determination of its eigenvalues, which correspond to the observed decay rates of satellite intensity, and from its eigenvector directions, which are determined from the observed amplitude ration and from the calculated free energy matrix F. The mobility matrix M is obtained from the experimentally measured D and calculated F matrices through the relation D = M·F . The four elements of the matrix M are found to be not strongly concentration dependent. From the knowledge of D, M and F, diffusion paths are plotted in the Gibbs triangle for films with an average concentration located in the single-phase region. The relationships between the tie-line and the initial decomposition directions from a completely homogeneous solid solution are discussed for films located in the two-phase region.
Online Access to Western North American Igneous Rock Geochmical Data

The Western North American Volcanic and Intrusive Rock Database (NAVDAT) is a free, Web-accessible, and searchable repository of age, chemical, and isotopic data for Late Cretaceous and younger (∼85 million years ago to present) igneous rocks from western North America, principally from the western conterminous United States and northern Mexico. The database (http://navdat.org) provides the Earth science community and the general public with ready access to information regarding the locations, compositions, and ages of igneous rocks throughout the region.
Oscar Wilde, Music, and the ‘Opium-Tainted Cigarette’: Disinterested Dandies and Critical Play

This article shows how the musical references in Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray are important to the identity of the dandy, especially in relation to the literary-critical work of Matthew Arnold, whose guiding presence in Wilde's oeuvre has traditionally been somewhat underestimated. Wilde's male characters, although famously fond of music, reveal ‘disinterestedness’ in earnest musical pursuits, similar to the ‘Indian virtue of detachment’ outlined by Arnold in his exploration of ‘The Function of Criticism at the Present Time’ (1864, in Arnold, Culture and Anarchy and Other Writings, ed. by Stefan Collini (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 26–51). Furthermore, the critical attitude of the dandy–aesthete intersects with the implications that we can read into the posture of the lounging opium smoker. Extensive scholarship has already established the relationship between the East and opium in fictional works by Thomas de Quincey, Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens and Oscar Wilde...
Encapsulation of molecular hydrogen in ion-exchanged a zeolites at 1 atm

Abstract About 1.5 and 2.0 μmol/g of molecular HZ is encapsulated in the sodalite and supercages, respectively, of NaA zeolite at 1 atm H 2 pressure and temperatures higher than 200°C. At 37°C and 1 atm Hz pressure, encapsulation of molecular H 2 occurs only in the supercages. For these conditions, equilibrium (2.3 μmol/g) is obtained only after 24 h of sorption in HZ flow. The site of encapsulation of H 2 is probed by exchanging Cs + , Ni 2+ , and Eu 3+ for Na + cations into the supercage, near the six-membered oxygen window, and sodalite cage, respectively, of zeolite A. The removal of H 2 encapsulated in NaA can be studied by programming the temperature in 1 atm Ar gas flow. This method provides an apparent activation energy for diffusion of 26.0 and 11.5 kcal/mol for the H 2 encapsulated in the sodalite and supercages, respectively, of NaA zeolite. Diffusivities of H 2 for NaA and Eu/NaA zeolites have been determined from isothermal uptake data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionally Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Derivatives of Silver and Copper

A series of functionally substituted cyclopentadienyl derivatives of silver and copper have been synthesized and characterized. Reactions between sodium acetyl- or carbomethoxycyclopentadienylide, triphenylphosphine, and silver triflate (AgSO3CF3) in DME produced Ag[C5H4C(O)CH3](PPh3) and Ag[C5H4CO2CH3](PPh3) in yields of 57−58%. Corresponding copper analogues were prepared using [BrCu(PPh3)]4. Similar reactions between sodium acetyl- or carbomethoxycyclopentadienylide and AgSO3CF3 in the presence of the bidentate ligand 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane afforded the chelated compounds Ag[C5H4C(O)CH3][Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2] and Ag[C5H4CO2CH3][Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2] in 55−72% yields. Dinuclear compounds of the type [Ag(C5H4PPh2)(PR3)]2 (R = Ph, Et) resulted in 36−49% yield from reactions of silver chloride with the appropriate phosphine in refluxing toluene, followed by cooling to −78 °C and subsequent reactions with lithium diphenylphosphinocyclopentadienide. The compounds M(C5Ph5)(PEt3) (M = Ag, Cu) containing five bul...
Betrayal trauma theory: a critical appraisal.

Freyd's (1996) betrayal trauma theory holds that children sexually abused by their caretakers are prone to develop amnesia for their abuse because awareness of abuse would imperil the survival of victims by disrupting their attachment to caretakers on whom they depend for food, shelter, and clothing. The purpose of this article is to provide an empirical and conceptual critique of betrayal trauma theory. Data from studies adduced as supporting the theory have usually been open to alternative interpretations, whereas other studies have failed to provide any support for the theory. Moreover, there is no convincing evidence that children are incapable of remembering their abuse—develop genuine amnesia for it—shortly after their molestation. Also, even if children abused by caretakers fear disruption of their attachment to the offender, there is no reason to assume that they must develop amnesia for their abuse; they can maintain the relationship merely by failing to disclose their abuse. Finally, a more pars...
Energy efficiency – How far can we raise the bar? Revealing the potential of best available technologies

This paper presents the first attempt to quantify the potential impacts of a massive deployment of state-of-the-art energy-efficient technologies in the most energy-consuming economies in the world: the United States, the European Union, China, and India. We first identified the most efficient technologies that are currently available for a wide range of end uses in the residential and industrial sectors. The technologies we selected are either engineered with the best available existing components or are the most promising emerging technologies believed to be producible on a large scale in the near future. Using a bottom-up energy model developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, we modeled the most aggressive foreseeable policy that would result in making the best available technologies mandatory by 2015. We estimate that adoption of the best available technologies would avoid 2600 TWh, or about 20% of the projected energy consumption and 1.5 Gt of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. We believe that this study, which brings engineering knowledge of technologies together with a rigorous energy model, is the most reliable analysis to date of the maximum potential of energy efficiency.
Anomalous time dependence of photoluminescence from porous Si

Abstract We have investigated the photoluminescence (PL) behavior of porous Si which, for certain etching techniques, shows an enhancement and oscillatory dependence on the laser power. We have studied a variety of etching methods and have determined the ones which give these PL effects. Micro-Raman measurements show some correlation between these effects and the crystalline phase of the material.
Steric Confinement of Proteins in Lipid Domains Can Drive Membrane Curvature and Tubulation

Deformation of lipid membranes into curved structures such as buds and tubules is essential to many cellular processes. Lipid micro-domains are thought to co-localize with many curved membrane structures, inspiring ongoing exploration of a variety of roles for domains in membrane bending.We examined the role of lipid domains in spatial confinement of protein binding and discovered a new mechanism for curvature amplification that relies on global coupling. We formed giant unilamellar vesicles that contained insoluble lipid domains that strongly bound his-tagged proteins. We show that protein crowding on domain surfaces creates a protein layer that buckles outward, spontaneously bending the domain into stable, well-defined tubules as more proteins bind. In contrast to previously described bending mechanisms relying on local steric interactions between proteins and lipids (i.e. helix insertion into membranes), this mechanism produces tubules whose dimensions are defined by global parameters: binding energy and domain size. Our results suggest the intriguing possibility that domains can amplify membrane bending and define protrusion length scales by concentraing the steric interactions between the lipid bilayer and proteins. This mechanism may help explain the high curvatures induced by membrane bending proteins.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Conditioned inhibitory effects of discriminated Pavlovian training with food in rats depend on interactions of search modes, related repertoires, and response measures.

Like other accounts of conditioned inhibition, behavior systems predicts (and Experiment 1 shows) that during summation and retardation tests, presentation of a negative conditioned stimulus (a CS−) created by discriminative Pavlovian food conditioning will interfere with a focal search response, such as nosing in the feeder. Unlike most other views, behavior systems predicts (and Experiment 2 shows) that the same CS− can potentiate a general search response, like attending to a moving artificial prey stimulus. Contacting the prey stimulus in extinction increased over baseline when a CS- but not a CS Novel preceded it. Experiment 3 showed this effect was not due to unconditioned qualities of the CS−. It appears that the effects of a discriminative CS-depend on the interaction of the training contingency with search modes related to the unconditioned stimulus (US), their perceptual-motor repertoires and environmental support, and the choice of response measure.
Alternative integral representations for the Green function of the theory of ship wave resistance

Three alternative single-integral representations for the Green function of the theory of ship wave resistance are derived in a unified manner from a basic double-integral representation. These alternative single-integral representations, which essentially are modifications of well-known double-internal representations due to Michell, Havelock, and Peters, are compared and discussed. Another object of this study is to examine the field equation and the boundary condition satisfied by the Green function in the limiting case when the singular point is exactly at the free surface.
Cross-sectional Anatomy of the Ilium: Implications for Acetabular Component Placement in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background High hip center reconstructions, used in revision and complex primary THAs, rely on pelvic bone stock at least 35 mm above the anatomic teardrop. However, the technique does not restore normal hip biomechanics and controversy exists regarding acetabular implant survival. Previous reports document a wide range of implant positioning above the teardrop. There is no anatomic guidance in the literature regarding the amount of bone stock available for initial implant stability in this area of the ilium.
Necrotrophic effector epistasis in the Pyrenophora tritici-repentis-wheat interaction.

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the causal agent of tan spot disease of wheat, mediates disease by the production of host-selective toxins (HST). The known toxins are recognized in an ‘inverse’ gene-for-gene manner, where each is perceived by the product of a unique locus in the host and recognition leads to disease susceptibility. Given the importance of HSTs in disease development, we would predict that the loss of any of these major pathogenicity factors would result in reduced virulence and disease development. However, after either deletion of the gene encoding the HST ToxA or, reciprocally, heterologous expression of ToxA in a race that does not normally produce the toxin followed by inoculation of ToxA-sensitive and insensitive wheat cultivars, we demonstrate that ToxA symptom development can be epistatic to other HST-induced symptoms. ToxA epistasis on certain ToxA-sensitive wheat cultivars leads to genotype-specific increases in total leaf area affected by disease. These data indicate a complex interplay between host responses to HSTs in some genotypes and underscore the challenge of identifying additional HSTs whose activity may be masked by other toxins. Also, through mycelial staining, we acquire preliminary evidence that ToxA may provide additional benefits to fungal growth in planta in the absence of its cognate recognition partner in the host.