cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Haplotype Diversity in the BADH2 Aroma Gene and Development of a KASP SNP Assay for Predicting Aroma in U.S. Rice

Aroma is an important grain quality trait in rice, controlled by mutations within the BADH2 gene. The trait is simply inherited, and its importance in variety development makes it a practical target for marker-assisted selection in applied breeding programs. The predominant functional mutation within BADH2, an 8-bp indel, can be reliably detected using a PCR-based assay, but the available assays and associated genotyping platforms are insufficient for large-scale applied molecular breeding applications and are not compatible with outsourcing genotyping services. We first characterized SNP diversity across the BADH2 gene in a collection of 2932 rice varieties to determine the number of gene haplotypes in O. sativa. Using 297 gene-based SNPs, 11 haplotype groups were detected, and subsequently identified a minimal set of nine informative SNPs that uniquely identified the BADH2 haplotypes. These nine SNPs were developed into KASP assays and used to examine a panel of 369 U.S. rice accessions. The panel represented modern breeding germplasm and included all known aroma pedigree sources in U.S. rice. Six haplotypes were detected within the U.S. panel, of which two were found in majority (85%) of varieties. A representative set of 39 varieties from all haplotype groups was evaluated phenotypically to distinguish aromatic from non-aromatic lines. One haplotype (Hap 6) was found to be perfectly associated with the aromatic phenotype. A single KASP SNP unique to Hap 6 was demonstrated to reliably differentiate aromatic from non-aromatic rice varieties across U.S. germplasm.
Highly Doppler-tolerant pulsed waveform

This Letter describes a pulsed waveform which exhibits extreme Doppler tolerance, enabling large time-bandwidth-product observations of high-velocity targets with low computational complexity. The waveform, which supports pulsewidth, pulse repetition interval, and frequency agility, utilises hyperbolic frequency-modulated pulses with modulation parameters constrained to suppress range migration.
Divergent memories and visions of the future in conflicts over mining development

Conflicts over extractive development often center around predicting future profits and economic growth, and estimating industrial pollution. How these projections are understood and seen as legitimate and trustworthy depends on social actors' environmental imaginaries and timescapes. Thus, I examine the temporal and cultural dynamics of natural resource politics, particularly how affective connections to the past and future mobilize support and opposition to new mining. I use the case of proposed copper mines in the rural Minnesota Iron Range region to explore the different environmental imaginaries and timescapes that mining opponents and proponents use to understand the potential socio-environmental impacts, and to legitimate their positions. Proponents, including long-time and working class Iron Range residents and mining corporations, view the region as an industrial landscape built by mining and hope new proposals will renew the past to create a prosperous future. Meanwhile, environmental groups who oppose mining view the region through an environmental imaginary based on outdoor recreation, and draw on collective memories of family and youth trips to understand new extractive projects as a rupture to their vision of the future. I show that resource extraction is understood through temporalities that differ across intersections of class and region, and that emotional meanings of the past and visions of the future animate contemporary political action. Keywords: Resource extraction, mining, environmental imaginaries, timescapes, collective memory, environmental politics, emotions
Social Media as an (Un)Supportive Resource for Military Partners Coping With Military Lifestyle Challenges

The current study explored how romantic partners of active-duty service members perceived social media as (un)supportive when dealing with military lifestyle challenges. This study also explored co...
Applied Methods for Estimating Transition Probabilities from Electronic Health Record Data.

BackgroundElectronic health record (EHR) data contain longitudinal patient information and standardized diagnostic codes. EHR data may be useful for estimating transition probabilities for state-tr...
Tandem Fluorescence Measurements of Organic Matter and Bacteria Released in Sea Spray Aerosols.

Biological aerosols, typically identified through their fluorescence properties, strongly influence clouds and climate. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles are a major source of biological aerosols, ...
Health effects of the #metoo movement by gender: Public health implications of a social movement

Abstract The objectives of the present study are to assess health impacts of the #metoo campaign by gender and assess health impacts of different levels of sexual harassment exposure. Faculty, staff and students at a mid-sized university in the United States were invited to participate in an online survey focused on experiences with and perceptions of #metoo. Differences were found by gender for the number of days experiencing physical and emotional health benefits/concerns. Sexual harassment exposure levels impacted health outcomes as well. The present data highlight gender disparities related to physical and mental health concerns that have emerged since #metoo.
Automatic Construction of Morphologically Motivated Translation Models for Highly Inflected, Low-Resource Languages.

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) of highly inflected, low-resource languages suffers from the problem of low bitext availability, which is exacerbated by large inflectional paradigms. When translating into English, rich source inflections have a high chance of being poorly estimated or out-of-vocabulary (OOV). We present a source language-agnostic system for automatically constructing phrase pairs from foreign-language inflections and their morphological analyses using manually constructed datasets, including Wiktionary. We then demonstrate the utility of these phrase tables in improving translation into English from Finnish, Czech, and Turkish in simulated low-resource settings, finding substantial gains in translation quality. We report up to +2.58 BLEU in a simulated low-resource setting and +1.65 BLEU in a moderateresource setting. We release our morphologically-motivated translation models, with tens of thousands of inflections in each of 8 languages.
Retrospective analysis of marine growth and relationships to return rates of Penobscot River Atlantic salmon

Beginning in the 1980s, return rates of Atlantic salmon to the Penobscot River, Maine U.S.A. declined and have persisted at low levels. This downturn coincided with similar declines in North Americ...
Six Learning Barriers in End-User Programming Systems

As programming skills increase in demand and utility, the learnability of end-user programming systems is of utmost importance. However, research on learning barriers in programming systems has primarily focused on languages, overlooking potential barriers in the environment and accompanying libraries. To address this, a study of beginning programmers learning Visual Basic.NET was performed. This identified six types of barriers: design, selection, coordination, use, understanding, and information. These barriers inspire a new metaphor of computation, which provides a more learner-centric view of programming system design
Introduction: Sovereignty and the Globalization of Intellectual Property, Symposium

This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the LawSchool Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies by an authorizedadministrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information,please contactwattn@indiana.edu.
A time-efficient connected densest subgraph discovery algorithm for big data

In this paper, we propose a time-efficient and exact algorithm for the problem of discovering the densest subgraph in big data. Current algorithms for solving this problem have three problems: i) they cannot handle the dilemma between the efficiency of handing big data and the precision of the discovered densest subgraph; ii) they cannot take advantage of both the parallel computing on MapReduce and in-memory computing on one computer; iii) their applicability to different kinds of graphs has not been discussed. Our proposed algorithm combines the MapReduce parallel computing with in-memory computing on one computer together to improve the efficiency and precision of discovering the densest subgraphs. The algorithm consists of two computational phases: i) the graph reduction in the MapReduce framework; ii) the densest subgraph discovery in memory. Further, we theoretically analyze the correctness of this algorithm and its applicability in different natural graphs. We conduct extensive experimental evaluations in a MapReduce framework on both massive real-world graphs and simulated graphs to test our algorithm in comparison with other algorithms. Experimental results show that our algorithm is more time-efficient and precise than other algorithms.
Does exposure of premature infants to repetitive recorded mother sounds improve neurodevelopmental outcome

Although major auditory structures are anatomically in place by 25-wk gestation, neonates undergo active functional maturation. At term, infants have a low threshold for sounds in the speech frequency, respond differently to speech and nonspeech stimuli, and demonstrate preference to familiar sound even if they are exposed to it in utero (1, 2). Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure of premature infants to maternal sound is associated with more cardiovascular and behavioral stability (3, 4). We felt enthusiastic to read the paper recently published by Webb et al. studying the effect of mother’s voice and heartbeat sounds on, what they described as, auditory plasticity (5).
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Femoral Insertion Site Characteristics Importance for Reconstructive Procedures

Background:Previous descriptions of the insertion site of the posterior cruciate ligament are inadequate.Hypothesis:More than one reference system is required to adequately represent the anatomy of the femoral attachment. Study Design: Descriptive anatomic study.Methods:Twelve cadaveric specimens were evaluated by using two measurement methods relative to the femoral articular cartilage margin and two methods relative to the intercondylar femoral roof.Results:Reference lines perpendicular to the articular cartilage best defined the 12- and 1-o'clock positions, and those perpendicular to the articular cartilage or parallel to the femoral shaft best defined the 2-, 3-, and 4-o'clock positions. The angle of the proximal attachment to the roof was 88° ± 5.5°. The posterior cruciate ligament was a continuum of fibers rather than two distinct bundles, and its attachment showed variability in shape and thickness, extending past the midline in the notch (11:21 ± 15 minutes to 4:12 ± 20 minutes, right knee).Conclu...
What is the importance of abnormal "background" activity in seizure generation?

Investigations of interictal epileptiform spikes and seizures have played a central role in the study of epilepsy. The background EEG activity, however, has received less attention. In this chapter we discuss the characteristic features of the background activity of the brain when individuals are at rest and awake (resting wake) and during sleep. The characteristic rhythms of the background EEG are presented, and the presence of 1/f β behavior of the EEG power spectral density is discussed and its possible origin and functional significance. The interictal EEG findings of focal epilepsy and the impact of interictal epileptiform spikes on cognition are also discussed.
A design-based introductory computer science course

Summary form only given. Rice University's introductory course emphasizes design principles. It starts with the simple observation that programs are "boxes" that consume and produce data. Since nothing else is known, an engineer must systematically study the collections of consumed and produced data. The course teaches students how to describe collections of data (first in English and SCHEME, then in JAVA) and then how to construct programs systematically using these descriptions. Over the course of a semester, students get to know half a dozen different construction methods of this kind. After they are acquainted with these design methods, they understand that program development means to choose a design method carefully and to communicate the chosen method through the program design to future program readers and modifiers. The course relies on a small subset of SCHEME; at strategic points during the semester, students are also shown how the design methods apply to the development of JAVA programs. For the first six weeks, the course introduces only absolutely necessary features: function definition and application, conditional expressions, and records. At the end of this initial segment, students comfortably program with various forms of lists, trees, and graphs. The last third of the course introduces the basic elements of computer architecture and low-level languages (machine, assembly and C).
NEUTRON CROSS SECTIONS IN CHLORINE

An upper limit of 5 mb has been obtained for the Cl^(37)(n,P)S^(37) reaction cross section at a neutron energy of 17.5 MeV. The cross section for the Cl^(35)(n,2n)Cl^(34m) reaction has been measured for neutron energies between 17 MeV and 22 MeV.
Biophysical responses of the upper ocean to major Gulf of Mexico hurricanes in 2005

[1] The biophysical responses of the upper ocean to three major Gulf of Mexico (GoM) hurricanes in 2005 were analyzed using satellite observations. The degree and orientation of the responses exhibited by Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma were greatly affected by the oceanic processes that occur within the GoM, as well as the translation speed of each hurricane. Maximum sea surface temperature change was 6–7°C, 4–5°C, and 5–6°C; whereas, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) enhancement was 3 mg m−3, 2 mg m−3, and 4 mg m−3, respectively. Areas of chl-a enhancement (i.e., increases in phytoplankton biomass accumulation at the ocean's surface) were observed days after passage of each hurricane. Comparison of thermocline displacement estimates and depth approximations of the nitracline and deep chl-a maximum suggests that the increases in surface phytoplankton biomass associated with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were the result of new production from nutrient influx, as well as entrainment of phytoplankton from the deep chlorophyll maximum, while chl-a enhancement linked with Hurricane Wilma appears to be attributable to the latter.
Measuring non-radiative relaxation time of fluorophores by intensity-modulated laser induced photoacoustic effect

Most biological chromophores and molecules relax primarily through non-radiative processes; therefore, mapping of relaxation time related to non-rediative process can be a potential indicator of tissue status. In order to map relative nonradiative relaxation time, modulated tone-burst light is used to generate photoacoustic signals. Then nonradiative relaxation time is indicated by the amplitude decay rate as modulation frequency increases. The results show that although blood is an optically weak absorber at 808 nm, by using this method a significant enhancement of contrast-tonoise ratio of a blood target compared to pulsed photoacoustic imaging at this wavelength is achieved.
Effect of pregnancy on the course of heart disease; re-evaluation of 106 cardiac patients three to five years after pregnancy.

One hundred and six patients have been restudied three and one-half to 5 years (average 4.1 years) after they were observed with pregnancy and heart disease at the Boston Lying-in Hospital. This re-evaluation indicated that the altered circulatory dynamics of pregnancy may temporarily decrease functional capacity. However, no permanent change in degree of heart disease could be directly attributed to the pregnancy for which these patients were followed in 1950 and 1951.
Potential cost-effectiveness of prophylactic use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator or amiodarone after myocardial infarction.

Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) or amiodarone in patients with past myocardial infarction and severely depressed left ventricular function may provide substantial clinical ben...
A class of nonparametric tests based on multiresponse permutation procedures

SUMMARY A class of univariate rank tests based on multiresponse permutation procedures is introduced. Asymptotic equivalence is established between one member of this class and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Simulated power comparisons for location shift detection indicate that another member of the class provides superior detection efficiency for location shifts of bimodal distributions and of heavy tailed unimodal distributions. Furthermore, both tests possess substantial computational advantages over other members of the class.
Political weather reports

Abstract According to the hermeneutical theory of the evolution of conciousness, the development of a new relationship between our species and the biosphere may be encouraged by monitoring political and ecological variables or indicators, and feeding them back into society through broadcasting media. This possibility was foreseen by Richardson in 1919, as a means for avoiding wars. In this paper we describe a practical implementation of this program, based on the animated atlas technique.
High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier.

A method, using LiAc to yield competent cells, is described that increased the efficiency of genetic transformation of intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to more than 1 × 105 transformants per microgram of vector DNA and to 1.5% transformants per viable cell. The use of single stranded, or heat denaturated double stranded, nucleic acids as carrier resulted in about a 100 fold higher frequency of transformation with plasmids containing the 2μm origin of replication. Single stranded DNA seems to be responsible for the effect since M13 single stranded DNA, as well as RNA, was effective. Boiled carrier DNA did not yield any increased transformation efficiency using spheroplast formation to induce DNA uptake, indicating a difference in the mechanism of transformation with the two methods.
Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin: Species Distribution and Small-Scale Purification

The sera of 25 vertebrate species from the vertebrate classes Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia, and including representatives of the orders Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla and Primates from the class Mammalia, have been examined for the presence of a specific corticosteroid-binding protein. Binding activity was assayed by means of gel nitration on Sephadex G-50. The amount of binding at 4 and 37 C was assayed and the sensitivity of binding to heating at 60 C was determined. The sera of all species examined exhibited binding activity which was temperature-dependent and sensitive to heating. A small-scale purification procedure for human corticosteroid-binding globulin on hydroxylapatite is described and its applicability to the cortisol-binding protein of 7 other species is demonstrated.
Applicability of Continuum Fracture Mechanics in Atomistic Systems

Stress intensity factor is one of the most significant fracture parameters in linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). Due to its simplicity, many researchers directly employed this concept to explain their results from molecular simulation. However, stress intensity factor defines the amplitude of the singular stress, which is the product of continuum elasticity. Under atomistic systems without the stress singularity, the concept of stress intensity factor must be examined. In addition, the difficulty of studying the stress intensity factor in atomistic systems may be traced back to the ambiguous definition of the local atomistic stress. In this study, the definition of the local virial stress is adopted. Subsequently, through the consideration of K-dominance, the approximated stress intensity factor based on the atomistic stress can be projected within a reasonable region. Moreover, the influence of cutting interatomic bonds to create traction free crack surfaces and the critical stress intensity factor is also discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Effect of hallucinogenic anticholinergic agents on d-amphetamine toxicity for aggregated mice

Abstract Members of a series of anticholinergic N-alkyl-3-piperidyl benzilates and one closely related N-alkyl-3-piperidyl phenylcyclopentyl glycolate have been shown to extend the excitatory lethality produced by d -amphetamine in aggregated mice. This effect of these compounds was exerted by the members of the series having tertiary nitrogen configuration but not by those with quaternary nitrogen. Protection against the extension of the excitatory lethality of d -amphetamine produced by of the active compounds in crowded mice was afforded either by change of state from aggregation to solitary, uncrowded confinement or by the prior administration of the phenothiazine tranquilizer perphenazine.
Computational Experience with a New Class of Convex Underestimators: Box-constrained NLP Problems

In Akrotirianakis and Floudas (2004) we presented the theoretical foundations of a new class of convex underestimators for C2 nonconvex functions. In this paper, we present computational experience with those underestimators incorporated within a Branch-and-Bound algorithm for box-conatrained problems. The algorithm can be used to solve global optimization problems that involve C2 functions. We discuss several ways of incorporating the convex underestimators within a Branch-and-Bound framework. The resulting Branch-and-Bound algorithm is then used to solve a number of difficult box-constrained global optimization problems. A hybrid algorithm is also introduced, which incorporates a stochastic algorithm, the Random-Linkage method, for the solution of the nonconvex underestimating subproblems, arising within a Branch-and-Bound framework. The resulting algorithm also solves efficiently the same set of test problems.
Measured aerodynamic characteristics of wings at low Reynolds numbers

Abstract An experimental program was conducted to study the low Reynolds number aerodynamics of ten wings having aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 5. In this low-to-moderate aspect ratio range, experimental data for use in validation of computational methods and design is lacking in the literature, yet this range spans that of many typical modern small-scale UAVs that operate in the 50,000 to 150,000 Reynolds number range. A custom three-component force balance for measuring lift, drag, and moment is described in detail and validated. Both straight and tapered wings were wind tunnel tested, and flow visualization was performed to characterize the flow. The measurements showed that all wings exhibited sensitivity to changes in aspect ratio and Reynolds number. Oswald's efficiency factors derived from the measurements ranged from a low value of 0.3 to more typical values near 0.8. Additionally, the aerodynamic performance trends relating to the maximum lift coefficient, lift curve slope, and aerodynamic center are computed from the measurements and discussed for the flat-plate wing models. Finally, no hysteresis in angle of attack was observed over the range of Reynolds numbers tested.
Unsupervised Deconvolution of Dynamic Imaging Reveals Intratumor Vascular Heterogeneity and Repopulation Dynamics

With the existence of biologically distinctive malignant cells originated within the same tumor, intratumor functional heterogeneity is present in many cancers and is often manifested by the intermingled vascular compartments with distinct pharmacokinetics. However, intratumor vascular heterogeneity cannot be resolved directly by most in vivo dynamic imaging. We developed multi-tissue compartment modeling (MTCM), a completely unsupervised method of deconvoluting dynamic imaging series from heterogeneous tumors that can improve vascular characterization in many biological contexts. Applying MTCM to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of breast cancers revealed characteristic intratumor vascular heterogeneity and therapeutic responses that were otherwise undetectable. MTCM is readily applicable to other dynamic imaging modalities for studying intratumor functional and phenotypic heterogeneity, together with a variety of foreseeable applications in the clinic.
Distinguishing the influence of diagenesis on the paleoecological reconstruction of nannoplankton across the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum: An example from the Kerguelen Plateau, southern Indian Ocean

Abstract The Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma) is an abrupt, profound perturbation of climate and the carbon cycle associated with a massive injection of isotopically light carbon into the ocean–atmosphere system. As such, it provides an analogue for understanding the interplay between phytoplankton and climate under modern anthropogenic global-warming conditions. However, the accompanying enhanced dissolution poses uncertainty on the reconstruction of the affected ecology and productivity. We present a high-resolution record of bulk isotopes and nannofossil absolute abundance from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1135 on the Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Indian Ocean to quantitatively constrain for the first time the influence of dissolution on paleoecological reconstruction. Our bulk-carbonate isotope record closely resembles that of the classic PETM site at ODP Site 690 on the opposite side of the Antarctic continent, and its correlation with those from ODP Sites 690, 1262 and 1263 records allows recognition of 14 precessional cycles upsection from the onset of the carbon isotopic excursion (CIE). This, together with a full range of common Discoaster araneus and an abundance crossover between Fasciculithus and Zygrhablithus bijugatus, indicates the presence of the PETM at Site 1135, a poorly known record with calcareous fossils throughout the interval. The strong correlation between the absolute abundances of Chiasmolithus and coccolith assemblages reveals a dominant paleoecological signal in the poorly preserved fossil assemblages, while the influence of dissolution is only strong during the CIE. This suggests that r-selected taxa can preserve faithful ecological information even in the severely-altered assemblages studied here, and therefore provide a strong case for the application of nannofossils to paleoecological studies in better-preserved PETM sections. The inferred nannoplankton productivity drops abruptly at the CIE onset, but rapidly increases after the CIE peak, both of which may be driven by nutrient availability related to ocean stratification and vertical mixing due to changed sea-surface temperatures.
Prism adaptation of underhand throwing: rotational inertia and the primary and latent aftereffects.

The effect of prism adaptation on movement is typically reduced when movement at test (with prisms removed) is different from movement at training. Previous research [J. Fernandez-Ruiz, C. Hall-Haro, R. Diaz, J. Mischner, P. Vergara, J. C. Lopez-Garcia, Learning motor synergies makes use of information on muscular load, Learning & Memory 7 (2000) 193-198] suggests, however, that some adaptation is latent and only revealed through further testing in which the movement at training is fully reinstated. Movement in their training trials was throwing overhand to a vertical target with a mass attached to the arm. The critical test trials involved the same act initially without the attached mass and then with the attached mass. In replication, we studied throwing underhand to a horizontal target with left shifting prisms and a dissociation of the throwing arm's mass and moment of inertia. The two main results were that the observed latent aftereffect (a) depended on the similarity of training and test moments of inertia, and (b) combined with the primary aftereffect to yield a condition-independent sum. Discussion focused on a parallel between prism adaptation and principles governing recall highlighted in investigations of implicit memory: whether given training (study) conditions lead to good or poor persistence of adaptation (memory performance) at test depends on the conditions at test relative to the conditions at training (study).
Evolution of life history variation among female mammals

Abstract A unified approach is developed for the evolutionary structure of mammalian life histories; it blends together three basic components (individual growth or production rate as a function of body size, natural selection on age of maturity, and stable demography) to predict both the powers and the intercepts of the scaling allometry of life history variables to adult size. The theory also predicts the signs (+, -) of the correlations between life history variables when body size is held constant. Finally, the approach allows us to eliminate body size to predict the dimensionless relationships between the life history variables themselves.
The L 1 subshell fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields for Z=96

High resolution Si(Li)-Si(Li) and Si(Li)-Ge(Li) detector arrangements have been used to studyL x-ray spectra in coincidence withL-shell internal conversion electrons, gamma rays, andK x-rays emitted in249Cf decay. TheL1 subshell fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields determined forZ=96 from these spectra are ω1=0.25±0.06,f12≦0.10, andf13=0.69 ±0.08. The presence of theL1-L3 radiative transition is also further confirmed in this work.
A mechanism of quinidine-induced changes in the contraction force of guinea-pig atria.

The mechanisms modifying the isometric contraction force induced by 0.13–14 μg/ml quinidine concentrations were investigated on spontaneously beating and electrically stimulated atria excised from untreated and reserpinepretreated guinea-pigs. Quinidine produced typical changes in the depolarization, repolarization and conduction rates of atria. The measured characteristics of the transmembrane potentials were altered in a qualitatively similar degree, regardless whether quinidine action resulted in an increase, a decrease, or no change in contraction force. In electrically stimulated atria increasing concentrations of quinidine induce a dose-response related increase in contraction force whereas reserpine-pretreatment results in a diphasic change. In spontaneously beating atria increasing concentrations of quinidine do not change the contraction force but do so markedly after reserpine-pretreatment. It is suggested that quinidine induces changes in the contraction force by altering the frequency of spontaneously beating atria while simultaneously antagonizing the action of catecholamines. It has been recognized for some time that administration of quinidine to cardiac muscle dereases the depolarization [1–3], repolarization [4–6] and conduction [7] rates of action potentials and decreases contraction force [3,8–11]. Although many of these reports are based on the use of quinidine concentrations which may be considered toxic [12, 13], some reports indicate an initial increase in contraction force preceding depression [2, 3, 14]. When comparing the electropharmacological properties of pure quinidine and dihydroquinidine sulfate on electrically stimulated atria of guinea-pigs [15], we observed that there was always an increased contraction force if the drug concentration did not induce a persistent arrhythmia or abolish conducted events. We also found in addition to the typical changes of membrane characteristics, that the actions of quinidine on the contraction force of atria appears to be modified by stimulation frequency and catecholamines.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis in Children A report of three cases

Summary Three cases of dermatitis herpetiformis in children are described. The first case, a new-born child, is remarkable as the disease is very rare in the neonatal period. All the cases were typical with a symmetrical multiform eruption, a chronic course without affection of the general condition and with a marked longstanding eosinophilia of the blood. Resume Trois enfants avec dermatite herpetiforme sont decrits. Le premier cas, une nouveau-nee, est remarquable puisque cette maladie est tres rare dans cet age. Tous les cas ont ete typiques avec une eruption symetrique et multiforme, un cours chronique sans influence sur la condition generale des enfants et une eosinophilie du sang considerable et de longue duree. Resumen Se describen tres ninos con dermatitis herpetiforme. El primer caso, una recien nacida, es notable puesto que esta enfermedad es muy ram en tal edad. Todos los casos se han caracterizado por una erupcion simetrica y multiforme, un curso cronico sin influencia Robre las condiciones generales de los ninos y una eosinofilia de la sangre considerable y de larga duracion. Zusammenfassung Drei Falle von Dermatitis herpetiformis bei Kindern sind beschrieben. Der erste Fall, ein neugeborenes Kind, ist besonders bemerkungswert, als die Krankheit sehr selten in den ersten Lebenswochen ist. Die Falle waren alle typisch mit symmetrischen, polymorphen Eruptionen, kronischem Verlauf ohne Storungen des Allgemeinzustandes, und mit ausgesprochener langdauernder Eosinophilie im Blute.
Correlates of survival after initiation of chemotherapy in 142 cases of Hodgkin's disease.

A series of 142 patients with Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis and mixed histologic types who received chemotherapy is presented. Seventy-six of the patients had received radiotherapy before chemotherapy. The median survival after institution of chemotherapy was 20 months. Regardless of sex or histologic type, die 10-29 age group significantly outlived the 60+ age group. The nodular sclerosis histologic type was superior to the mixed type only within the 30-59 age group. Within any particular age-histology subgroup, the females did not significantly outlive the males. Overall, however, the females tended to be younger than the males and to have more nodular sclerosis, both of which conferred an advantage. The data also suggest that chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease may prolong life.
Isolation of allantoin and adenosine from the marine sponge Tethya aurantia

Abstract 1. 1. Propanol extracts of the sponge Tethya aurantia (Demospongiae) were fractionated, guided by bioassay, for a component with negative chronotropic and inotropic activity on isolated guinea pig atria. 2. 2. The bioactive component was found to be adenosine. These extracts also contained allantoin. 3. 3. This intermediate in the sequence of degradation of purines was unexpected, since it has been reported only once before to occur in marine invertebrate animals.
Immunological destruction of herpes simplex virus I infected cells.

THERE are clearly two levels at which the immune response may intervene to induce protection against viral infection. Neutralising antibodies effectively limit spread of free virus in many situations, thus preventing reinfection. In a number of viral diseases, however, it is often not possible to cure the infection by even high titres of neutralising antibodies1,2. In such situations, recovery from infection may require the intervention of a cell-mediated immune response directed at the infected cell. Selective impairment of the host's immunity, for example, by thymectomy or by antilymphocyte serum, markedly increased mortality of mice infected with ectromelia3, and herpes simplex4,5. Macrophage suppression has had a similar effect6. In these cases recovery could be conferred by transfer of immune lymphoid cells (ref. 7 and B.R-Z., and A. C. Allison, unpublished). But the nature of the cells involved, and the mechanisms by which they act remain problematic. Our experiments were undertaken to evaluate the contribution of various types of cells to immune reactivity to cells infected with herpes simplex virus I in vitro.
What Has Caused the Secular Increase in Solar Nitrogen-15?

While the N-15/N-14 ratio variations noted in lunar surface samples appear to be due to a secular increase in this ratio in the solar wind, over a period of several billion years, whose ultimate cause may be found in the solar convective zone, the change resists explanation within the currently accepted framework of solar processes. A 'mixing model' approach is presently invoked which implies that the isotopic composition of each component has remained constant over time, thereby obviating the postulation of the large change in composition of so large an isotopic reservoir as the solar convective zone. An evaluation is made of the drawbacks of this approach.
Moving from civil war to civil society

Arguably, all social conflict contains the seeds for consensus. Since the onset of violent conflict in any society, attempts have always been made at various levels to structure an end to the hostilities. Thus, the notion of local “zones of peace” is not new.
Retinoic acid induces translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) and activation of nuclear PKC (nPKC) in rat splenocytes

Abstract Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, has marked effects on growth of normal and malignant cells; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The effect of two RA analogs, 13- cis -RA and all- trans -RA, on transmembrane signalling processes was investigated in rat splenocytes. Treatment of rat splenic cells with these retinoic acid analogs resulted in translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the cytosol to the membrane. Previous studies have described nuclear RA receptors (RARs and RXRs) for several species and the biologic activity of RA has been shown to be mediated by specific interaction with these nuclear receptors. Thus, activation of nuclear pool(s) of protein kinase C (nPKC) by RA analogs was also studied. Rat splenocyte nuclei pure by enzymatic and electron microscope criteria demonstrated a biphasic pattern of bell-shaped curves for both cis - and trans -RA with maximum statistically significant peak of phosphate incorporation into endogenous substrates at 10 −16 M cis -RA and 10 −16 -10 −17 M trans -RA. A monoclonal antibody to PKC and the PKC inhibitors, H-7, sphingosine, and staurosporine, blocked the RA-stimulated nuclear phosphorylation. The ability of RA to activate cell membrane PKC resulting in an increase in particulate PKC activity correlates well with the activation of nPKC since the particulate fraction would include nuclear enzyme systems. This ability of RA to activate nPKC and possibly affect the growth status of a cell may provide a missing link to our understanding of the cellular sites of action for this vitamin.
Properties, Characterization and Fiber Extrusion Simulation of Novel Amorphous Polymers for Optical Application

Polymeric optical fibers are generally manufactured in the same manner as traditional glass (silica) fibers. As technology advances, more efficient, cost effective materials and processes are being developed to serve the duties of optical materials within networks. Traditional polymer optical fibers are comprised of hydrocarbon amorphous polymers and include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS). These types of polymers have inherent issues in optical applications such as their signal absorption loss. This is largely due to the vibration of the carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond contained in the polymer backbone. Therefore, to broaden the scope of polymer optical fibers, novel exotic amorphous polymers are being developed. One such polymer family, reported to have excellent optical properties, is perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ethers (PFCB), which do not exhibit the strong C-H vibrations associated with absorption loss. At this time, little is known of the intrinsic properties of PFCBs as well as the behavior of the polymer melt during extrusion. This work will review the thermal and rheological properties of two PFCB polymers: biphenylvinyl ether (BPVE) and hexafluoroisopropylidene vinyl ether (6F). The information gathered from the analysis of these two intrinsic properties will be used as the input data for a fiber extrusion simulation model, FiSim. The application of the FiSim software was done in order to produce a viable limited range of process conditions for which fibers could be melt spun.© 2009 ASME
MARKET ACCESS IN REGULATED AND UNREGULATED MARKETS -- THE CONTINUING COST OF INTERSTATE MOTOR CARRIER REGULATION.

This study examines the effect of regulatory reform in the interstate trucking industry. In our model, carriers travel in round trips and choose to serve different markets corresponding to each leg of the trip. Some carriers have authority to haul freight subject to regulation while other carriers do not. Unlike previous studies, our model applies to decisions acrossmultiple legs. Using a bivariate probit, we find differences in the determinants of accessacross markets. Entry regulation has a significant influence only in markets dominated by regulated traffic, whereas location has a significant influence only in markets dominated by unregulated traffic.
An Intersectional Analysis of Sexual Harassment in Housing

Research on sexual harassment in the workplace is extensive, yet research on sexual harassment in housing is extremely limited. In this study, the author qualitatively analyzes 60 cases of sexual harassment in rental housing to expand on recent research addressing this topic by examining the forms and processes of housing-related sexual harassment in more detail, with a particular focus on class and race. This study reveals that sexual coercion is the most common form of sexual harassment for women in housing. It also demonstrates the intersections of race, gender, and class in shaping this harassment. Landlords used their institutional authority in the housing context and racialized gender stereotypes to exploit tenants'economic vulnerabilities and sexually coerce them. Landlords also used these strategies to defend themselves against complaints of harassment.
665 INTESTINAL REDIFFERENTIATION IN THE INFANT RAT: IN VIVO EVIDENCE OF AN INTRINSIC PROGRAM

The enteric epithelium of the suckling rat undergoes dramatic functional and cytokinetic changes at the time of weaning. Evidence suggesting that this redifferentiation is preprogrammed and intrinsic has been obtained by surgical transplants of fetal intestines. In an attempt to alter this redifferentiation a 60% proximal intestinal resection was performed on suckling rats at 10 days of age. Animals surviving for 2 months were compared with sex and weight matched littermates who had undergone laparotomy or laparotomy with transection. The residual intestine was increased in diameter and weight per unit length, but not significantly lengthened. The segmental increase in weight was primarily accomplished by hyperplasia as evidenced by parallel increases in total protein and DNA content. This increase in cell number was associated with a modest increase in the segmental sucrase and maltase activities in the residual ileum. However, when expressed as activity per unit DNA, sucrase and maltase concentrations in the residual ileum were indistinguishable from control ileal segments. Lactase activity virtually disappeared from all segments of the residual intestine in resected animals. These results lend in vivo support to the concept of a fixed intrinsic program of enteric redifferentiation.
Development of V-to-X systems in North America: The promise, the pitfalls and the prognosis

The development of V-to-X systems in North America is described with a focus on the services and applications that may appear, particularly in the United States. The scope of this article is therefore broad, and while it involves engineering the emphasis is on transportation applications from V-to-X; this dictates consideration of societal and institutional considerations. Different types of over-the-air interfaces are covered, followed by a description of the evolution of the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration program into IntelliDrive^S^M, and subsequently to the more generic term, connected vehicle next, vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle components are covered. The vehicle-to-vehicle section describes an analysis that suggests that the USDOT path toward mandating Dedicated Short Range Communications transceivers on vehicles may be well-founded. Anticipated institutional arrangements in addition to research and deployment ideas for the vehicle and infrastructure are then covered in a section entitled ''the short horizon''. Finally, the future of V-to-X in North America is discussed from ''the long horizon'' view.
Interaction of juvenile hormone with carrier proteins and hydrolases from insect haemolymph

Haemolymph from six species of lepidopterous larvae was chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 and analyzed for juvenile hormone (JH) binding and hydrolytic activities. A single JH-binding protein with molecular weight of 3 × 104 daltons and two populations of JH-hydrolytic enzymes were identified in all species. The binding proteins displayed distinct hormone affinities (Ka = 5–77 × 106 M−1), haemolymph titers (3–50 × 10−7 M) and ionic properties. The smaller hydrolases EII (mol. wt = 5.5 × 104 daltons) had the higher specific activity toward JH and increased in haemolymph titer by more than 10-fold during the last larval instar. Organophosphate and sulfonylhalide compounds, and also the carrier proteins, inhibit JH hydrolysis by the larger hydrolases EI (mol. wt ≧ 105daltons), but they are less effective against EII enzymes. These results support the hypotheses that JH-specific carrier proteins and esterases are widespread in insects and that both play important physiolocal roles in the regulation of hormone titer during larval development.
Embedding and breaking of gauge symmetries

Abstract The effective potential of “weak” interactions of a gauge group R is studied in the framework of models whose global symmetry group G is dynamically broken down to its subgroup H. The properties of its critical points on the double coset R⧹G/H and their dependence on the embeddings R ⊂ G, H ⊂ G are investigated. All critical points with a nontrivial residual gauge symmetry H W = R ∩ H are identified in the series of models SU( n )⧹SU( N )/SO( N ), n N ⩽ 6 and SU( n )⧹SU(2 N )/Sp( N ), n N ⩽ 6 with n = 2, 3. Examples of degenerate hessians i.e. potentials with flat directions both neutral and charged under H W are presented and their physical implications are briefly discussed.
Age Distribution of Patients with Parkinsonism

: The modal age at onset of the parkinsonian syndrome during the past thirty years is less than a decade higher than it was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, suggesting that the same disease entity is affecting parkinsonian patients now as then. The evidence points to the existence of two distinct clinical entities: 1) parkinsonism secondary to encephalitis lethargica, which had its greatest influence on the epidemiology of parkinsonism between 1920 and 1945; and 2) classic parkinsonism, which has undergone little change in the past hundred years.
Recent progress in waveguide-based atom photonics

We review a hollow-core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) based platform for atom photonics. This platform has been used to demonstrate linear and non-linear spectroscopy and quantum coherence effects in hot rubidium vapor on chip. We discuss several advancements to this platform. All-metal seals significantly improve the lifetime of integrated alkali vapor cells. Additional control beams can be used to produce slower light and to slow down atoms via optical scattering and gradient forces. Specifically, a new technique for slowing atoms on a chip based on a spatially varying AC Stark shift is discussed. Moreover, the planarity of the ARROW waveguide platform lends itself to creating advanced layouts with multiple integrated vapor cells for implementing a variety of photonic device functions.