cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck. Benign or malignant

This is a report of ectopic thyroid tissue in the neck, associated with a nodular colloid goiter, which recurred at least three times, beginning at age 24 years, in a woman in 12 years. The ectopic tissue appeared histologically benign and was identical to that found in the thyroid gland. Scintiscans of the neck and thyroid suppression tests showed that the tissue was initially unsuppressible and presumably autonomous in its function. Our conclusion is that the most reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is the intraoperative transmission of thyroid cells, probably benign and autonomous in function, to other sites in the neck.
Expression and translocation of Drosophila nuclear encoded cytochrome b5 proteins to mitochondria

Abstract DNA sequence studies of cytochrome b 5 (Cyt-b) genes from Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis predict that the Drosophila Cyt-b proteins are extremely hydrophobic and have at least eight potential transmembrane spanning domains. Primary protein sequence analysis also predicts that the Cyt-b proteins have mitochondrial targeting sequences and they contain sites for potential post-translational modification similar to other cytochrome proteins. We report the characterization of the cytochrome b 5 proteins from Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis . We have used a Drosophila cytochrome b 5 specific antibody to demonstrate that cytochrome b 5 proteins are expressed in muscle-containing tissues in the fly. We also provide evidence that the nuclear encoded cytochrome b 5 protein that contains a mitochondrial targeting sequence is translocated to mitochondria.
The sesamoids of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb: an anatomical and clinical study.

Two unusual cases of injury to the sesamoids of the M.P. joint of the thumb are described. An anatomical dissection of the M.P. volar plate region, including the sesamoids, was undertaken to delineate the details of the sesamoids' relationship to the M.P. joint, flexor tendon, flexor tendon sheath and capsule of the joint. Histological studies were carried out to demonstrate a tendinous extension of the muscles that attach to the sesamoids.
The Sterilisation of Liquids by Light of very short Wave-length

DURING the past year several articles have appeared in the Comptes rendus des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, on the sterilisation of liquids by ultra-violet light. The notes of M. Billon-Daguerre have particularly attracted my attention, since he has endeavoured to utilise the region of the spectrum discovered by Schumann for the sterilisation of water. It is obvious that the question of the transparency of water for light of very short wave-length is important in this connection, and, as there seems to be no data which bears on the matter, I have recently made some experiments.
Experimental broadband ultrasonic transducers using PVF2 piezoelectric film

Abstract : Broadband ultrasonic transducers using PVF2 piezoelectric plastics films, combining efficient transduction with extremely wide and uniform passbands, have been fabricated using very simple procedures without any critical tolerances. Frequency spectra of impulsed transducers using films of 25 and 50 micron thickness, centered at 10 and 5 MHz, respectively, are shown.
Image-based attitude propagation for small satellites using RANSAC

This work develops a star-based attitude propagator that uses relative motion of stars in an imager's field of view to infer the motion of a satellite by calculating relative attitude estimates in three degrees of freedom. Algorithms to perform the star detection, correspondence using the random sample consensus (RANSAC), and attitude propagation are presented. The work presented here overviews the approach, describes the developed algorithms, evaluates experimental results, and offers component selection for a CubeSat imaging system.
In vitro validation of a right ventricular thermodilution ejection fraction system

Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) is used clinically as an index of right ventricular (RV) pump function. Clinical measurements of RVEF are complicated by the need for complex imaging equipment to compute RV volumes. Recently, the use of thermodilution (TD) methods have been suggested as a simplified means to measure RVEF (RVEFTD) in patients using rapid response thermistors. Validation, however, by comparison of RVEFTD and other methodsin vivo, is difficult. Accordingly, thermodilution derived EF measurements (EFTD) were compared to known values using anin vitro system, with known ejection fractions (EF) set from 17–78% and stroke rates varying independently from 50–100 strokes/min. EFTD was computed by fitting the downslope of the TD curve to a monoexponential function and computing the time constant of thermal decay. A significant correlation existed between EFTD and actual EF over the entire study (r=0.96, p 0.7). This study demonstrates that TD accurately predicts EF using anin vitro system and appears to be independent of stroke rate. Thus, TD methods may provide an accurate, simple and reliable means to serially measure RVEF in the clinical setting.
Asymptotic Behavior Of Solutions Of Dynamic Equations

We consider linear dynamic systems on time scales, which contain as special cases linear differential systems, difference systems, or other dynamic systems. We give an asymptotic representation for a fundamental solution matrix that reduces the study of systems in the sense of asymptotic behavior to the study of scalar dynamic equations. In order to understand the asymptotic behavior of solutions of scalar linear dynamic equations on time scales, we also investigate the behavior of solutions of the simplest types of such scalar equations, which are natural generalizations of the usual exponential function.
Diagnosis and management of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in children.

Abstract Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is an uncommon congenital lesion rarely reported in children. Because of the significant incidence of other associated cardiac anomalies and the general lack of symptoms when the aneurysm is unruptured, early diagnosis and subsequent management may be difficult. Three children who underwent operative repair are presented with reference to their pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic courses. The need to preserve the aortic valve in younger children is emphasized, as is the excellent relief of clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities by corrective operation.
Renal microvascular assembly and repair: Power and promise of molecular definition

Developmental assembly of the renal microcirculation is a precise and coordinated process now accessible to experimental scrutiny. Although definition of the cellular and molecular determinants is incomplete, recent findings have reframed concepts and questions about the origins of vascular cells in the glomerulus and the molecules that direct cell recruitment, specialization and morphogenesis. New findings illustrate principles that may be applied to defining critical steps in microvascular repair following glomerular injury. Developmental assembly of endothelial, mesangial and epithelial cells into glomerular capillaries requires that a coordinated, temporally defined series of steps occur in an anatomically ordered sequence. Recent evidence shows that both vasculogenic and angiogenic processes participate. Local signals direct cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell recognition, formation of intercellular connections, and morphogenesis. Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases on vascular cells are important mediators of many of these events. Cultured cell systems have suggested that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration or morphogenesis, while genetic deletion experiments have defined an important role for PDGF beta receptors and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B in glomerular development. Receptor tyrosine kinases that convey non-proliferative signals also contribute in kidney and other sites. The EphB1 receptor, one of a diverse class of Eph receptors implicated in neural cell targeting, directs renal endothelial migration, cell-cell recognition and assembly, and is expressed with its ligand in developing glomeruli. Endothelial TIE2 receptors bind angiopoietins (1 and 2), the products of adjacent supportive cells, to signals direct capillary maturation in a sequence that defines cooperative roles for cells of different lineages. Ultimately, definition of the cellular steps and molecular sequence that direct microvascular cell assembly promises to identify therapeutic targets for repair and adaptive remodeling of injured glomeruli.
Hematopoiesis in the yolk sac: more than meets the eye

The first blood cells observed in the embryo are large nucleated erythroblasts generated in blood islands of the extraembryonic yolk sac. These unique red cells have been termed primitive because of their resemblance to nucleated erythroblasts of nonmammalian species. It is now widely assumed that hematopoiesis in the yolk sac is "primitive" and that "definitive" hematopoiesis has its origins in the aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) region. Recent studies of yolk sac hematopoiesis have challenged several aspects of this paradigm. First, primitive erythropoiesis in mammals shares many features with definitive erythropoiesis, including progressive erythroblast maturation leading to the circulation of enucleated erythrocytes. Second, the emergence of primitive erythroid progenitors in the yolk sac prior to somitogenesis may be associated with the macrophage and megakaryocyte lineages, raising the possibility that "primitive" hematopoiesis may be multilineage in nature. Third, a second wave of hematopoietic progenitors emerge from the yolk sac during early somitogenesis that consists of multiple myeloid lineages that are temporally and spatially associated with definitive erythroid progenitors. These "definitive" hematopoietic progenitors expand in numbers in the yolk sac and are thought to seed the fetal liver and generate the first definitive blood cells that rapidly emerge from the liver. Recent findings support a model of hematopoietic ontogeny in which the conceptus' first maturing blood cells and committed progenitors are provided by the yolk sac, allowing survival until AGM-derived hematopoietic stem cells can emerge, seed the liver and differentiate into mature blood cells.
Smac3, a Novel Smac/DIABLO Splicing Variant, Attenuates the Stability and Apoptosis-inhibiting Activity of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), the most potent member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis. XIAP is structurally characterized by three baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains that mediate binding to and inhibition of caspases and a RING domain that confers ubiquitin ligase activity. The caspase inhibitory activity of XIAP can be eliminated by the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)/direct IAP-binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) during apoptosis. Here we report the identification and characterization of a novel isoform of Smac/DIABLO named Smac3, which is generated by alternative splicing of exon 4. Smac3 contains an NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence required for mitochondrial targeting of Smac3 and an IAP-binding motif essential for Smac3 binding to XIAP. Smac3 is released from mitochondria into the cytosol in response to apoptotic stimuli, where it interacts with the second and third BIR domains of XIAP. Smac3 disrupts processed caspase-9 binding to XIAP, promotes caspase-3 activation, and potentiates apoptosis. Strikingly, Smac3, but not Smac/DIABLO, accelerates XIAP auto-ubiquitination and destruction. Smac3-stimulated XIAP ubiquitination is contingent upon the physical association of XIAP with Smac3 and an intact RING domain of XIAP. Smac3-accelerated XIAP destabilization is, at least in part, attributed to its ability to enhance XIAP ubiquitination. Our study demonstrates that Smac3 is functionally additive to, but independent of, Smac/DIABLO.
Combining Independent Estimators - An Empirical Sampling Study:

Suppose there exist k independent unbiased estimators, Xi , of a parameter, ,A, where each Xi is the arithmetic mean of ni + 1 observations normally distributed with mean . and unknown variance, o2 . Furthermore, suppose that the usual mean squares, s, , i = 1, *, k, are available as estimators of the unknown variances, o . The problem of combining the Xi into a single estimator of ,u has been treated at length in the literature, especially by Cochran (1937 and 1954), and the latter gives a detailed review of the literature on this problem. If one wishes to avoid the more complex methods of combining the Xi into a single estimator, i.e., methods which involve partial weighting (Yates and Cochran, 1938), preliminary testing (Cochran, 1954), or Bayesian methods, and if one wishes to take into consideration the possible inequality of the oa , one is left with two methods of combining the Xi , namely 1) methods based on the likelihood equation or a modification of it*, of which the maximum likelihood estimator, 2, is the most popular, and 2) the weighted mean
Polarizability theory and sum rules

Abstract We derive a result from the polarizability theory of Raman scattering that unifies existing rules for preresonance and resonance Raman scattering. It states that for resonance Raman scattering the 0→ n Raman amplitude is the average of the n th derivative of the polarizability contributed by the resonant excited electronic state over the ground vibrational state probability. By assuming a large energy denominator in the polarizability, it leads to the sum rule obtained by Harris, Mathies and Myers (1983) for preresonance Raman scattering. It is also shown that by a series expansion of the potential energy surfaces about the ground state equilibrium geometry, it leads to the simple sum rules for fundamental and overtone intensities derived by Heller, Sundberg and Tannor (1982).
Behavioral correlates for spike-4, spike-9, and 4-9/9-4 MMPI profiles in students at a university mental health center

Numerous investigators have noted that spike-4, spike-9, and 4-9/9-4 profiles occur with an unusually high frequency in college students. Five hundred and fifty files of college students who requested outpatient psychiatric services were reviewed, and the data from 47 files were extracted in which the student patient had a clinically elevated spike-4, spike-9, or 4-9/9-4 profile. Numerous significant psychopathological behavioral correlates were found for each profile type, which supports the contention that these profile types are reflective of significant psychopathology and are not examples of benign deviations of a particular sample from the original normative group.
Energy deposition in metals by laser-guided discharges

Experimental and theoretical results are reported concerning energy deposition on metal surfaces by laser-guided discharges (LGD) in argon and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. These experiments have demonstrated effective guidance of 30-kV discharges for lengths up to 6 cm. The electron temperature and density have been measured spectroscopically for LGD plasmas. Scaling of the melted metallic mass has been studied as a function of discharge circuit parameters for both argon and nitrogen. Results show that laser-guided discharges in nitrogen couple energy to metal samples more efficiently than argon discharges with identical electrical parameters. This experimentally observed difference in energy deposition has been shown to be in good agreement with a theoretical model which accounts for the recombination energy of nitrogen on the metallic surface. Melting has been accomplished by LGDs in copper, iron, aluminum, and titanium foils. Laser-guided discharges have also bored holes and deposited surface layers of aluminum and titanium onto stainless steel.
Regular solutions in the Skyrme model with gauge field

A study is made of the Skyrme model with gauge field, which admits the existence of regular solutions with nontrivial topological charge. It is shown that the solution with unit charge realizes a minimum of the energy of the system and therefore corresponds to a stable particle. A qualitative analysis of the Euler-Lagrange equations is made, approximate solutions to them being found by a variational method for several values of the parameters of the model.
In Vitro Susceptibility of El Tor and Classical Vibrio cholerae Strains to Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were tested individually and in combination against El Tor and classical biotype strains of Vibrio cholerae. Determinations of the minimal inhibitory concentration in liquid media and by an agardilution method showed that classical strains were uniformly more resistant to sulfamethoxazole than were El Tor strains. In agar-dilution studies, trimethoprim was equally active against both biotypes. Combination of the agents produced a synergistic action against all strains tested. Testing for susceptibility to sulfonamide is suggested as a possible method for differentiating between El Tor and classical biotypes of V. cholerae.
Women and retirement: relinquishing professional identity

Abstract Twenty-eight interviews were conducted with a sample of 14 retired professional women with continuous work histories. Life history data about the meaning of retirement and the relationship of retirement to issues of identity were collected. By using the grounded theory method, the investigator identified a common theme experienced among the women interviewed: the sacrificing of one's professional identity following retirement, the loss of social contacts, the loss of professional challenges, and encountering stereotypes during retirement. Data from this study indicate women with continuous work histories may enter retirement with apparent ease, yet experience difficulty adjusting to the loss of their professional role. Further research investigating the transition for women from professional status to retirement status is needed.
Human galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: Purification and comparison of the red blood cell and placental enzymes

Abstract Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase (uridine diphosphoglucose: α- d -galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.12) has been purified from human red blood cells and placental tissue. The placental enzyme was obtained as a homogeneous protein with a specific activity of about 100 units/mg of protein by a combination of previously published methods ( G. R. Helmer, Jr., and V. P. Williams, 1981, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 210 , 573–580) and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. The properties of the two enzyme forms have been examined with respect to subunit size, electrophoretic properties, isozyme distribution, kinetic patterns, and immunological properties.
Consequences of adolescent drug use and personality factors on adult drug use

This study examined the stability of adolescent drug use into young adulthood and explored the possible influence of personality on adolescent and adult drug use. Participants in this longitudinal study (N = 640) completed questionnaires which assessed multiple indicators for latent constructs of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and hard drugs, and also for the personality constructs of Socialization. In addition, the effects of obedience and extraversion were examined. Results showed that a general drug use factor in adolescence significantly predicted young adult drug use. A particular effect of adolescent obedience on adult drug use was noted. Within adolescence, obedience, extraversion, and the construct of Socialization were significant predictors of drug use. Early onset of smoking predicted adolescent drug use. The implications of these findings for early drug use education and intervention are discussed. Additional analysis explored the possibility of treating obedience as another indicator of Socialization. This model could not provide as good a fit as the original model. The measure of obedience acted as a better predictor of drug use than an overall factor of Socialization. Gender differences are discussed.
Survival of the weak (signalers): anergy in CLL.

In this issue of Blood , Apollonio et al report on a subset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) characterized by molecular anergy and demonstrate how this phenotype could potentially be targeted therapeutically.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Inhibition of the anergic signaling pathway selectively
Aggregation-based feature invention and relational concept classes

Model induction from relational data requires aggregation of the values of attributes of related entities. This paper makes three contributions to the study of relational learning. (1) It presents a hierarchy of relational concepts of increasing complexity, using relational schema characteristics such as cardinality, and derives classes of aggregation operators that are needed to learn these concepts. (2) Expanding one level of the hierarchy, it introduces new aggregation operators that model the distributions of the values to be aggregated and (for classification problems) the differences in these distributions by class. (3) It demonstrates empirically on a noisy business domain that more-complex aggregation methods can increase generalization performance. Constructing features using target-dependent aggregations can transform relational prediction tasks so that well-understood feature-vector-based modeling algorithms can be applied successfully.
Fostering the Moral and Spiritual Development of Emerging Adults: Introductory Commentary for What They're Reading

In this issue of the Journal of College and Character we have an opportunity to explore two perspectives on the issues and challenges with which young people grapple as they seek to understand and develop their personal values, spiritual and religious orientation, and their “inner core” or moral compass. The two recent publications reviewed provide some important insights into the moral and spiritual lives of the young adults with whom we work on college campuses, their “big questions and worthy dreams,” as suggested by Sharon Daloz Parks (2000).
Transitive inference in non-human animals: An empirical and theoretical analysis

Transitive inference has long been considered one of the hallmarks of human deductive reasoning. Recent reports of transitive-like behaviors in non-human animals have prompted a flourishing empirical and theoretical search for the mechanism(s) that may mediate this ability in non-humans. In this paper, I begin by describing the transitive inference tasks customarily used with non-human animals and then review the empirical findings. Transitive inference has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species, and the signature effects that usually accompany transitive inference in humans (the serial position effect and the symbolic distance effect) have also been found in non-humans. I then critically analyze the most prominent models of this ability in non-human animals. Some models are cognitive, proposing for instance that animals use the rules of formal logic or form mental representations of the premises to solve the task, others are based on associative mechanisms such as value transfer and reinforcement and non-reinforcement. Overall, I argue that the reinforcement-based models are in a much better empirical and theoretical position. Hence, transitive inference in non-human animals should be considered a property of reinforcement history rather than of inferential processes. I finalize by shedding some light on some promising lines of research.
Reduced-Order Modeling of Hypersonic Vehicle Unsteady Aerodynamics

Accurate and computationally ecient models of unsteady aerodynamic loads are necessary for the development of hypersonic vehicle control algorithms. This work focuses on using convolution of modal step responses to construct a reduced-order model for these loads. In order to allow the model to be valid over a wide range of modal input amplitudes and ight conditions, a nonlinear correction factor is introduced. Not limited to a specic geometry, the correction factor methodology is general enough to be applied to many dierent two and three-dimensional vehicle congurations. Good correlation is seen between results obtained from the reduced-order model and computational results.
Forage Grasses Decrease Alfalfa Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Damage and Larval Numbers in Alfalfa-Grass Intercrops

The effects of intercropping forage grasses with alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L.), on larval numbers, number of damaged tips, and intensity of feeding damage by alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were studied in 1990 and 1995 field experiments. The 1990 experiment consisted of treatments that included alfalfa seeded alone and in combination with 3 forage grasses: smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis (Leyss.); orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata (L.); and timothy, Phleum pratense (L.). There were significantly more alfalfa weevil larvae in alfalfa monocultures than in alfalfa-forage grass mixtures on 2 sampling dates in 1990. Alfalfa weevil damage also was greater in alfalfa monocultures than in 4 of 6 mixtures at harvest. The 1995 experiment consisted of treatments that included alfalfa seeded alone and in combination with smooth bromegrass, orchardgrass, timothy, and Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis (L.) studied 1 and 2 yr after establishment. Number of alfalfa weevil larvae, number of damaged tips, and intensity of weevil feeding were significantly reduced in alfalfa-forage grass treatments in the 1st but not the 2nd year after establishment. Overall reductions in larval numbers of up to 80% and tip damage of up to 25% were documented in the alfalfa-forage grass intercrops. Intercropping forage grasses with alfalfa is a potential cultural control tactic to reduce alfalfa weevil populations and their damage in legume forage production systems.
Enhancement of insulin-like growth factor signaling in human breast cancer: estrogen regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in vitro and in vivo.

Cross-talk between insulin-like growth factor (IGF)- and estrogen receptor (ER)-signaling pathways results in synergistic growth. We show here that estrogen enhances IGF signaling by inducing expression of three key IGF- regulatory molecules, the type 1 IGF receptor (IGFR1) and its downstream signaling molecules, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2. Estrogen induction of IGFR1 and IRS expression resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 after IGF-I stimulation, followed by enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. To examine whether these pathways were similarly activated in vivo, we examined MCF-7 cells grown as xenografts in athymic mice. IRS-1 was expressed at high levels in estrogen-dependent growth of MCF-7 xenografts, but withdrawal of estrogen, which decreased tumor growth, resulted in a dramatic decrease in IRS-1 expression. Finally, we have shown that high IRS-1 expression is an indicator of early disease recurrence in ER-positive human primary breast tumors. Tak...
Allergic inflammation as a hypothesis for the expulsion of worms from tissues: a review.

Abstract Introduction; comparison of studies of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis; discussion; summary; references.
Chronic effects of contaminated sediment on Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans.

Chronic tests were conducted with Daphnia magna (cladoceran) and Chironomus tentans (midge) to determine their usefulness as test organisms for chronic sediment assays, and to estimate the potential long-term impact of contaminated freshwater sediments and contaminated Superfund site soils on freshwater invertebrates. These two species have been used successfully in acute sediment tests, and have been shown to be useful in chronic tests in water--only bioassays.
The Arthroscopic Appearance of a Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament in a Posterior Cruciate Ligament–Deficient Knee: The Posterolateral Bundle (PLB) Sign

Partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears that result in functional instability are usually the result of a deficiency of the anteromedial bundle (AMB), and are evident arthroscopically by a prominent posterolateral bundle (PLB). As double-bundle ACL reconstructions are being suggested to recreate a more normal anatomy, the roles of each bundle are being more critically questioned. We present a case that describes the appearance of a normal ACL in a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient knee in which the PLB of the ACL is prominent, giving the appearance of a complete tear of the AMB of the ACL, and scarring of this bundle to the PCL stump. On further inspection, and when the tibia was reduced, the normal appearance of the ACL returned, with visualization of the AMB obscuring the PLB. We have named this arthroscopic finding the "PLB sign." This finding confirms the individual roles of each bundle of the ACL. It is important to not misinterpret this abnormal appearance of the ACL as a partial ACL tear in a PCL-deficient knee.
The Cell Type-Specific Expression of the Murine IL-13 Gene Is Regulated by GATA-3

IL-13, a Th2 cell-specific cytokine, is a major effector molecule mediating several pathological features of allergic asthma. However, the transcriptional regulation of the IL-13 gene remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, by using intracellular cytokine staining, that IL-13 is not always coexpressed with other Th2 cytokines in normal Th cells on a single cell basis. In addition, we identified and cloned a minimal inducible and cell type-specific promoter of the murine IL-13 gene. The cell type specificity of the minimal IL-13 promoter is mediated by a functionally critical GATA-3 site that binds endogenous GATA-3 proteins, whereas the induction by PMA/ionomycin is mediated by distinct cis-acting elements. Furthermore, by expressing GATA-3 in wild-type and c-maf transgenic Th1 cells, we demonstrate that the expression of IL-13 is regulated by a mechanism distinct from that regulating the expression of IL-4, and that the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes does not have to be mutually exclusive in effector Th cells.
HoxA9 activates transcription of the gene encoding gp91PHOX during myeloid differentiation

The CYBB gene encodes gp91Phox; a component of the phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase. CYBB transcription is restricted to myeloid cells differentiated beyond the promyelocyte stage. In undifferentiated myeloid cells, the homeodomain (HD) transcription factor HoxA10 represses CYBB transcription via a cis element in the proximal promoter. During myelopoiesis, phosphorylation of conserved tyrosine residues in the HD decreases HoxA10 binding to this CYBB cis element. In the current studies, we found HoxA9 activates CYBB transcription in differentiated myeloid cells via the same cis element. We find HoxA9-mediated CYBB-transcription requires Pbx1 but is inhibited by Meis1. Additionally, phosphorylation of the conserved HD tyrosines increases HoxA9 binding to the CYBB promoter. The HOXA9 gene is involved in leukemia-associated translocations with the gene encoding Nup98, a nucleopore protein. We find expression of a Nup98-hoxA9 fusion protein blocks HoxA9-induced CYBB transcription in differentiating myeloid cells. In comparison to HoxA9, Nup98-hoxA9 has greater binding affinity for the CYBB cis element, but binding is not altered by HD tyrosine phosphorylation. Therefore, these studies identify CYBB as a common target gene repressed by HoxA10 and activated by HoxA9. These studies also suggest overexpression of Meis1 or Nup98-hoxA9 represses myeloid-specific gene transcription, thereby contributing to differentiation block in leukemogenesis.
Effect modification of air pollution on Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine by genotypes: an application of the multiple testing procedure to identify significant SNP interactions

Air pollution is associated with adverse human health, but mechanisms through which pollution exerts effects remain to be clarified. One suggested pathway is that pollution causes oxidative stress. If so, oxidative stress-related genotypes may modify the oxidative response defenses to pollution exposure. We explored the potential pathway by examining whether an array of oxidative stress-related genes (twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs in nine genes) modified associations of pollutants (organic carbon (OC), ozone and sulfate) with urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxygunosine (8-OHdG), a biomarker of oxidative stress among the 320 aging men. We used a Multiple Testing Procedure in R modified by our team to identify the significance of the candidate genes adjusting for a priori covariates. We found that glutathione S-tranferase P1 (GSTP1, rs1799811), M1 and catalase (rs2284367) and group-specific component (GC, rs2282679, rs1155563) significantly or marginally significantly modified effects of OC and/or sulfate with larger effects among those carrying the wild type of GSTP1 , catalase, non-wild type of GC and the non-null of GSTM1. Polymorphisms of oxidative stress-related genes modified effects of OC and/or sulfate on 8-OHdG, suggesting that effects of OC or sulfate on 8-OHdG and other endpoints may be through the oxidative stress pathway.
Path delay fault simulation on large industrial designs

Path delay fault simulation performance on multi-cycle delay paths common in industrial designs is discussed using paths from a large block in a microprocessor and a functional test vector suite. We profile fault simulation performance using a novel multi-cycle path delay fault simulator. Our experiments show that path delay fault simulation run-time grows linearly with path list size. Contrary to commonly held notion that path delay fault simulation is more expensive than stuck-at fault simulation, our experiments show that performance of path delay fault grading is comparable to that of stuck-at fault grading. Finally, we propose and evaluate a heuristic that can improve path delay fault simulation performance and also aid in selection of tests for speed-limiting paths.
Rehabilitation following sudden onset neurological conditions

Abstract Acute acquired brain injury is a common childhood event. Increasingly the techniques and science behind promoting optimal recovery from such an event are being researched and developed. This short overview aims to develop the core concepts underlying rehabilitation medicine, discusses some of the neurobiological theories and events that are occurring, and develops a more detailed discussion of the various strategies that can be deployed to maximise outcomes.
A tail of new lipids.

The inositol lipids play many essential roles in eukaryotic physiology, although the action has usually focused on the special properties of their headgroup. Now, a study by Clark et al (2014) re-focuses attention on the hydrophobic lipid tails, showing that these too exhibit unique biochemical properties—and are also likely to play a fundamental role in the biology of the lipid.
Taxonomy of lice and their endosymbiotic bacteria in the post-genomic era

Recent studies of molecular and genomic data from the parasitic lice of birds and mammals, as well as their mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria, are changing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of these organisms. Phylogenetic studies of lice suggest that vertebrate parasitism arose multiple times from free-living book and bark lice. Molecular clocks show that the major families of lice arose in the late Mesozoic and radiated in the early Cenozoic, following the radiation of mammals and birds. The recent release of the human louse genome has provided new opportunities for research. The genome is being used to find new genetic markers for phylogenetics and population genetics, to understand the complex evolutionary relationships of mitochondrial genes, and to study genome evolution. Genomes are informing us not only about lice, but also about their obligate endosymbiotic bacteria. In contrast to lice and their hosts, lice and their endosymbionts do not share common evolutionary histories, suggesting that endosymbionts are either replaced over time or that there are multiple independent origins of symbiosis in lice. Molecular phylogenetics and whole genome sequencing have recently provided the first insights into the phylogenetic placement and metabolic characteristics of these distantly related bacteria. Comparative genomics between distantly related louse symbionts can provide insights into conserved metabolic functions and can help to explain how distantly related species are fulfilling their role as mutualistic symbionts. In lice and their endosymbionts, molecular data and genome sequencing are driving our understanding of evolutionary relationships and classification, and will for the foreseeable future.
Role of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 in modulating the myogenic response in rat cerebral arteries.

The present study examined the role of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 (DUSP-5) in the pressure-induced myogenic responses of organ-cultured cerebral arterial segments. In these studies,...
Simulation of droplet heating and desolvation in inductively coupled plasma—part II: coalescence in the plasma

A numerical model is developed to consider for the first time droplet coalescence along with transport, heating and desolvation in an argon inductively coupled plasma (Ar ICP). The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and the Ashgriz–Poo model are used, respectively, to compute droplet–droplet interactions and to determine the outcome of droplet collisions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support the use of the Ashgriz–Poo coalescence model for small droplet coalescence. Simulations predict spatial maps of droplet number and mass densities within an Ar ICP for a conventional nebulizer-spray chamber arrangement, a direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN), and a large bore DIHEN (LB-DIHEN). The primary findings are: (1) even at 1500 W, the collisions of the droplets in the plasma lead primarily to coalescence, particularly for direct aerosol injection; (2) the importance of coalescence in a spray simulation exhibits a complex relationship with the gas temperature and droplet size; (3) DIHEN droplets penetrate further into the Ar ICP when coalescence is considered; and (4) droplets from a spray chamber or the LB-DIHEN coalesce less frequently than those from a DIHEN. The implications of these predictions in spectrochemical analysis in ICP spectrometry are discussed. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nutrient Values for Shell, Liquid/Frozen, and Dehydrated Eggs Derived by Linear Regression Analysis and Conversion Factors

Abstract Linear regression analysis was used to establish estimates for each nutrient in liquid/frozen egg white, whole egg, commercial yolk, and pure yolk with solids of 12.1, 24.5, 44.0, and 51.8%, respectively. These derived values were converted to both shell and dehydrated egg product bases. Also included is a simple graphic technique usable as a way to find “best judgment” values. This method makes it possible to easily weigh the data and select the most appropriate value. This composition table is intended for use in textbooks, pamphlets, etc.
ASSEMBLY HISTORY INTERACTS WITH ECOSYSTEM SIZE TO INFLUENCE SPECIES DIVERSITY

Although species diversity is often correlated with ecosystem size in a con- sistent manner, mechanistic explanations of when and why diversity is related to size remain elusive. Rarely considered in understanding size-diversity relationships is the history of community assembly. I conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment with freshwater protists and rotifers to test for interactive effects of assembly history and ecosystem size on species diversity. The experiment used a two-way factorial design with four assembly sequences and four ecosystem sizes as treatments. Community dynamics were monitored for about 50-100 generations. The results show that history affected diversity more strongly in smaller ecosystems, presumably owing to greater priority effects. Consequently, history determined when diversity was significantly related to ecosystem size. The results also suggest that long-term transient community dynamics can make assembly history important for community structuring even in the absence of alternative stable states. Because species immigration is essentially stochastic, ecosystem size is variable, and priority effects can be strong in many natural systems, the history 3 size interaction revealed in this study also has the potential to shape natural size-diversity patterns.
Computational model of carbachol-induced δ, θ and γ-like oscillations in hippocampus

Application of carbachol (cch) can induce oscillations in the (cch-,0.5 }2 Hz), (cch-, 4}12 Hz),and (cch-,30 }80 Hz) frequency-range in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. Using model CA3 cells we found that the time scale for cch- was determined by the decay constant of I - ,that of cch- by an intrinsic subthreshold membrane potential oscillation, and that of cch- by the decay constant of GABA-ergic postsynaptic potentials. The known physiological e!ects of carbachol on I and I - ,and on the strength of excitatory postsynaptic potentials produced the observed transitions from incoherent cch- to cch-,and from cchto cch- with increasing cch concentrations,as well as the nested cch- - and cch-- seen in experiment. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Duodenal atresia: not always a double bubble

A newborn infant with a prenatal diagnosis of duodenal atresia and abdominal radiographs demonstrating air in distal bowel is presented. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed complete duodenal obstruction and duodenal atresia was confirmed at surgery. The significance of distal bowel gas and the embryological development of this unusual entity is discussed.
Effects of a Professional Development on Teacher Integration of Online Resources

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a professional development (PD) workshop on teachers’ knowledge and use as related to the integration of online resources. In addition, this study attempted to examine whether teachers’ aptitude was a moderating factor in the impact of the PD workshop. Moreover, it explored how teachers used online resources in their practice and how teachers’ aptitude might affect their behavior. Based on problem-based learning, the PD workshop was designed to teach in-service teachers the use of a software tool, the Instructional Architect, and the integration of online resources into instructional activities intended for student use. This mixed-method study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. A quantitative phase of research, a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, as well as a qualitative phase of research, was employed. A repeated measures MANCOVA indicated that the PD workshop had a significant impact on improving teachers’ knowledge and use. On the other hand, aptitude was not a moderating factor in the impact of the workshop. In addition, the qualitative phase suggested that while different aptitude teachers behaved similarly regarding how they used online resources, low aptitude teachers appeared to have the most positive attitudes toward the workshop.
Managing identity across social networks

Goal: Gain an in-depth understanding of online identity management among heavy social media users -- people who use Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn weekly. Theoretically grounded in social psychology and symbolic interactionism, the project inquires how people manage their identities online, where social groups and contexts are not as clearly separated as in physical space. In-depth online surveys with a criterion sample of 39 participants revealed some patterns of mapping different social groups and identities across social networking sites, and awareness of different social norms across communities.
Mitigating hyperventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Although multiple airway management and ventilation strategies have been proposed during cardiac arrest, the ideal strategy is unknown. Current strategies call for advanced airways, such as endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airways. These may facilitate hyperventilation which is known to adversely affect cardiopulmonary physiology. We provide a summary of conceptual models linking hyperventilation to patient outcomes and identify methods for mitigating hyperventilation during cardiac arrest.
Wide I/O or LPDDR? Exploration and analysis of performance, power and temperature trade-offs of emerging DRAM technologies in embedded MPSoCs

Wide I/O, the recent JEDEC DRAM standard, has created an opportunity for architects to overcome the "memory wall" challenge. 2.5D/3D integration enables Wide-IO to deliver high memory bandwidth and low latency for mobile applications. On the other hand, LPDDR3 was introduced to mainly address the power budget challenge in embedded MPSoCs. Employing either Wide I/O or LPDDR3 leads to different power, performance and thermal behavior of the system that necessitates a thorough analysis of both technologies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the latency, performance, power and thermal behavior of these two emerging DRAM technologies in embedded MPSoCs. We conduct a comprehensive study to understand the impact of core count, core micro-architecture, and core-memory integration technology on the trade-offs that these two memory technologies offer. We show that while stacked Wide I/O outperforms LPDDR3 by as much as 7%, it increases the power consumption by 14%. To improve the power efficiency, we evaluate stacked LPDDR3, a DRAM design that is as high performance as Wide I/O — yet it is as power efficient as LPDDR3.
Numerical Modeling, Noise Traders, and the Swarm Simulation System

This paper investigates the long-run effects of noise traders in an ar-tificial financial market in which risky asset returns are endogenously determined. “Noise traders” are agents irrationally trading on noise as if it were information. Some researchers have argued that traders following seemingly irrational strategies can have little influence on financial markets because they will tend to buy high and sell low on average. Eventually, their wealth and market influence will be lost.
Radioimmunoassay for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with 125-I-labeled FSH.

Abstract A radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of FSH has been described. The assay was based upon the competition between 125 I-labeled FSH and unlabeled FSH for anti-FSH serum. Separation of free hormone from antiserum bound hormone was achieved by precipitation using an anti-rabbit gamma globulin serum. The use of 125 I as a tracer makes practical long-term studies with minimal radioactivity in small amounts of purified hormone. It was found necessary to add 10 I.U. of HCG to each tube in order to absorb contaminating anti-LH from the anti-FSH serum utilized. Despite this, pituitary LH in high concentration still affected the FSH assay system. However, the results with ratio studies suggested that the amount of LH present in urum or urine would not significantly affect assays for FSH in these body fluids.