cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-thymic CD4 positive cytotoxic T cell infiltrates of the skin: A clinical and histomorphologic spectrum of the unique CD4 positive T cell of immunosenescence

Abstract T cell lymphoproliferative disorders that arise in the skin are mainly derived from post thymic T cells most commonly of CD4 subset. Human CD4 positive T cells are dynamic exhibiting phenotypic and functional malleability. For example, with repetitive antigen exposure most commonly associated with age, CD4 positive T cells acquire a cytotoxic phenotype. The authors present four cases characterized by cutaneous infiltrates of cytotoxic CD30 negative CD4 positive T cells in the skin; three cases were forms of malignant lymphoma other than mycosis fungoides and one case was a reactive lymphomatoid photodermatosis associated with underlying collagen vascular disease. The three patients with lymphoma were adult men, two above 50 years of age and all with disseminated cutaneous disease. One of these patients whose biopsy showed a large cell morphology succumbed to the disease while one patient with localized disease responded to local radiation. In all three cases there was a nodular and diffuse pan-dermal infiltrate which was predominated by non-cerebriform atypical lymphocytes ranging from small to intermediate sized cells in two cases to a large cell dominant morphology in one case. The biopsies showed some degree of epidermotropism, and in one case it was striking. Neoplastic cells were positive for CD4, and at least one cytotoxic protein (i.e. granzyme and/or TIA). CD56, CD57 or CD30 were negative. In addition, CD28, the naive T cell marker, was negative. Based on the few cases reported herein, one might suggest that the prognosis mirrors that seen in other forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma with mature small cell dominant infiltrates exhibiting an indolent pattern while a CD30 negative large cell T cell lymphoma would be expected to demonstrate an aggressive clinical course.
Understanding the 2017 “Me Too” Movement’s Timing:

While persons may differ on the identified start of what evolved into the “Me Too” movement of 2017, the media focus makes the Anita Hill and Clarence Thomas saga of October 1991 a starting point f...
Crystal-to-fracton tensor gauge theory dualities

Fractons are a new class of emergent quasiparticles with restricted mobility. Previously, fractons were only known to occur in complicated spin models without direct material realization. Here, the authors detail various duality relationships, which map directly the physics of fractons onto topological defects of quantum crystals. Fractons and dipoles correspond to disclinations and dislocations, respectively, while elastic phonons map onto tensor gauge modes. The authors discuss several applications of the duality, such as a simplified reformulation of two-dimensional melting.
Stilbene-based Fast Neutron Multiplicity Counter for Nuclear Safeguards Applications

Traditionally, capture-based neutron multiplicity counters (i.e. He-3 based systems) are used for non-destructive assay of special nuclear material. Using capture-based detectors for non-destructive assay requires intervening moderating material that inhibits the ability to observe characteristic energy and angular signatures. Therefore, these systems rely on observing only the emitted neutron multiplicity to infer physical properties such as fissile mass, leakage multiplication, and contribution from non-fission neutrons (α-ratio). We have developed a fast neutron multiplicity counter using 24 – 5.08 cm x 5.08 cm stilbene detectors coupled to ETL 9214B photomultiplier tubes, and demonstrate that the system is sensitive to the emitted neutron energy and angular distributions, in addition to the multiplicity distribution. The system was used for passive assay of Pu-metal and Pu-oxide samples, and the detected neutron multiplicity, energy, and angular distributions are used to demonstrate that new correlated signatures exist related to the physical properties of the item. We also demonstrate the neutron cross-talk effects can be considered in order to yield more accurate estimates of the aforementioned physical properties. The final paper will present correlated signatures in energy, angle, and multiplicity that can potentially provide new quantities for characterizing special nuclear material when traditional techniques become unreliable.
Phage Lysins: Novel Alternative to Antibiotics

Bacteriophage (or phage) endolysins (or lysins) are highly evolved enzymes produced to cleave essential bonds in the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan for phage progeny release. Small quantities of purified recombinant lysin added externally to gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria cause immediate lysis resulting in log-fold death of the target bacterium. Lysins have now been used successfully in a variety of animal models to control pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria found on mucosal surfaces, in the blood, and in infected tissues. While several lysins against gram-negative bacteria are effective topically, they show limited activity in serum. The advantages over antibiotics are their specificity for the pathogen, minimal effects on the normal flora, low chance of bacterial resistance, and their ability to kill colonizing pathogens on mucosal surfaces, a capability previously unavailable. Lysins, therefore, may be a much-needed anti-infective (or enzybiotic) in an age of mounting antibiotic resistance. This chapter will outline the characteristics and remarkable potency of these enzymes in killing bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
Learning Transfer: The Missing Linkage to Effective Professional Development:

This case study illustrates the perspectives of leaders and teachers regarding professional development and learning transfer as they relate to school improvement. The case study is set in a Midwes...
Genetic dissection of glutamatergic neuron subpopulations and developmental trajectories in the cerebral cortex

ABSTRACT Diverse types of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons (PyNs) mediate the myriad processing streams and output channels of the cerebral cortex, yet all derive from neural progenitors of the embryonic dorsal telencephalon. Here, we establish genetic strategies and tools for dissecting and fate mapping PyN subpopulations based on their developmental and molecular programs. We leverage key transcription factors and effector genes to systematically target the temporal patterning programs in progenitors and differentiation programs in postmitotic neurons. We generated over a dozen temporally inducible mouse Cre and Flp knock-in driver lines to enable combinatorial targeting of major progenitor types and projection classes. Intersectional converter lines confer viral access to specific subsets defined by developmental origin, marker expression, anatomical location and projection targets. These strategies establish an experimental framework for understanding the hierarchical organization and developmental trajectory of PyN subpopulations that assemble cortical processing networks and output channels.
A parallelized tool to calculate the electrical mobility of charged aerosol nanoparticles and ions in the gas phase

Abstract Electrical Mobility is a transport property that describes a particle behavior in the gas phase. When dealing with the free molecular regime, ascertaining the shape of a nanoparticle or an ion directly from measurements of mobility becomes quite difficult as the particle no longer can be assumed to have spherical shape. Here we propose an efficient parallelized tool, IMoS, that makes use of all-atom models to calculate the mobility of nanoparticles in a variety of gases. The program allows for different types of calculations that range from the efficient Projection Approximation (PA) algorithm to the 4-6-12 Lennard-Jones potential Trajectory Method. It also includes a diffuse inelastic simulation that achieves Millikan's predicted 1.36 value over PA. When compared to experimental results, the error of the most efficient calculations is shown to be approximately 2–4% on average.
What Keeps Them Going, and What Gets Them Back? Older Adults' Beliefs About Physical Activity Maintenance.

Background and objectives The overall purpose of this article was to investigate beliefs related to physical activity maintenance among adults aged 60 years or older. Research design and methods Study 1 identified modal, salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs using a free-response format. Study 2 was designed to gain a deeper understanding about these beliefs through in-depth semistructured interviews. Results Findings indicate that perceived physical and emotional benefits, scheduling and having a physical activity routine, social support, and features of indoor and outdoor locations are facilitating of maintenance. Some beliefs appear more relevant to sustained engagement in physical activity, while others may be more helpful for reengagement after 1 week of inactivity. Discussion and implications This investigation raises new hypotheses for future research and provides insight for the use and adaptation of behavior change strategies that are potentially more acceptable and effective for the promotion of physical activity maintenance for older adults.
Formation and Impact of Microcracks in Plasma Erosion of M26 Boron Nitride

This Paper investigates the role of microcracks in Hall thruster wall erosion. The formation and growth of microcracks on the surface of M26 grade boron nitride composite due to repeated thermal sh...
A feedback loop able to enlarge the brain for 2.4 myr without Darwin’s selective survival

The rapid three-fold enlargement of the hominin brain began about 2.3 million years ago (myr) as Africa dried and grass replaced brush, creating great savannas. Seeking an amplifying feedback loop, I analyzed the lightning-brush-fire ecology for grazing animals in a grassy burn scar. Discovering the new grass by exploring brush byways could promote a population boom−but only after grass-specialized herbivores evolved from mixed feeders at 2.4 myr. When the brush returned several decades later, the grazer boom would turn to bust, squeezing numerous descendants back into the core grasslands. Meat-eating Homo species would boom and bust when grazers did, enriching the core in whatever alleles were earlier concentrated in the brush fringe catchment zone for that boom. This return migration for Homo is what creates the amplifying feedback loop that speeds brain enlargement rate, likely up to the mutation rate limit. It also promotes trait hitchhiking: any brush-relevant allele, not just those for hunting, can experience amplifying feedback merely by hanging out in the catchment zone. The shade offered by brush would have been the default location for cooperative nurseries, time-consuming food preparation, and toolmaking. Increased behavioral versatility correlates with larger brain size. The more versatile brains of a current generation need only spend more-than-average time in the boom's catchment zone for this recursive evolutionary process to keep average brain size increasing via assortative mating. This can account for the time when linear enlargement began, when it ended, and why it slowed in Neanderthals and in Asian Homo erectus. Without utilizing Darwin's selective survival, the feedback loop makes advance room for "free" future functionality in the cerebral cortex, likely relevant to the evolutionary emergence of our structured intellectual functions such as syntax, contingent planning, games, and logic.
Gender and Ethnic Diversity in Medical Faculty

In the United States, underrepresented in medicine (URM) physicians are made up from African American, Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan Native, and Hawaiian/Pacific island populations. With the ever-growing diversity in the US population it is critical for not only the physician workforce as a whole, but also the highest tiers of academic medicine, to be reflective of this heterogeneous population. In conjunction with ethnic diversity, it is of the essential for proportional gender representation to be achieved. This increasing diversity is essential not only for equal healthcare among all individuals, but also equal socioeconomic potential for all genders and ethnicities. The US population, based on the data taken from the US Census Bureau, was then compared to the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster (FAMOUS) data to analyze representation of the medical community to the general US population. The principle metric used in this study was the proportion of faculty from the various gender and ethnic groups to their respective groups in the general population. Women are underrepresented in select departments, leadership roles, and senior faculty positions. Underrepresented in medicine (URM) individuals have not improved enough to reach parity in their representation within the medical community across all metrics. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: None.
Exploring Public Library Identity Through Mission Statements

Public libraries’ institutional identities inform library strategic planning, including marketing and branding, collection and service development, evaluation, and talent management. While each pub...
Timing of Intubation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Study of Ventilator Mechanics, Imaging, Findings, and Outcomes

Objectives: Determine the variation in outcomes and respiratory mechanics between the subjects who are intubated earlier versus later in their coronavirus disease 2019 course. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Northwestern Memorial Hospital ICUs. Patients: All patients intubated for coronavirus disease 2019 between March 2020 and June 2020. Interventions: Patients were stratified by time to intubation: 30 subjects were intubated 4-24 hours after presentation and 24 subjects were intubated 5-10 days after presentation. Baseline characteristics, hospitalization, ventilator mechanics, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Ten clinically available CT scans were manually reviewed to identify evidence of pulmonary vascular thrombosis and intussusceptive angiogenesis. Measurements and Main Results: Median time from symptom onset to intubation was significantly different between the early and late intubation cohorts, with the latter being intubated later in the course of their illness (7.9 vs 11.8 d;p = 0.04). The early intubation cohort had a lower mortality rate than the late intubation cohort (6% vs 30%, p < 0.001) without significantly different respiratory mechanics at the time of intubation. The late intubation cohort was noted to have higher dead space ratio (0.40 vs 0.52;p = 0.03). On review of CT scans, the late intubation cohort also had more dilated peripheral segments on imaging (two segments vs five segments). Conclusions: The question as to whether delaying intubation is beneficial or harmful for patients with coronavirus disease 2019-induced hypoxemic respiratory failure has yet to be answered. As our approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 continue to evolve, the decision of timing of intubation remains paramount. Although noninvasive ventilation may allow for delaying intubation, it is possible that there are downstream effects of delayed intubation that should be considered, including the potential for pulmonary vascular thrombosis and intussusceptive angiogenesis with delayed intubation.
Neural correlates of distraction and reappraisal in the family context: Associations with symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth.

Objective: Youth coping is consistently associated with risk and resilience for youth internalizing psychopathology. Integrating questionnaire and experimental methods is an important next step in ...
Geonomics: forward-time, spatially explicit, and arbitrarily complex landscape genomic simulations.

Author(s): Terasaki Hart, Drew; Bishop, Anusha; Wang, Ian | Abstract: Understanding the drivers of spatial patterns of genomic diversity has emerged as a major goal of evolutionary genetics. The flexibility of forward-time simulation makes it especially valuable for these efforts, allowing for the simulation of arbitrarily complex scenarios in a way that mimics how real populations evolve. Here, we present Geonomics, a Python package for performing complex, spatially explicit, landscape genomic simulations with full spatial pedigrees that dramatically reduces user workload yet remains customizable and extensible because it is embedded within a popular, general-purpose language. We show that Geonomics results are consistent with expectations for a variety of validation tests based on classic models in population genetics and then demonstrate its utility and flexibility with a trio of more complex simulation scenarios that feature polygenic selection, selection on multiple traits, simulation on complex landscapes, and nonstationary environmental change. We then discuss runtime, which is primarily sensitive to landscape raster size, memory usage, which is primarily sensitive to maximum population size and recombination rate, and other caveats related to the models methods for approximating recombination and movement. Taken together, our tests and demonstrations show that Geonomics provides an efficient and robust platform for population genomic simulations that capture complex spatial and evolutionary dynamics.
Conjuring Roots in Dystopia: Reconciling Transgenerational Conflict and Dislocation Through Ancestral Speakers in Nalo Hopkinson’s Brown Girl in the Ring and Edwidge Danticat’s Brother, I’m Dying

Edwidge Danticat’s Brother, I’m Dying, and Nalo Hopkinson’s Brown Girl in the Ring address conflicts that many Black diasporic communities face as they migrate to Western urban metropolises. Danticat’s and Hopkinson’s works address dystopian displacement in metropolitan areas and highlight ongoing issues of cultural inclusivity and social inequality that many Black immigrant families experience in cities. While surviving the poverty and violence in their new locations, Danticat’s and Hopkinson’s protagonists find refuge in the personal connections that they maintain with family and through the spiritual systems passed down by their ancestors. Despite the many instances of embodied dystopia that these protagonists experience, the characters work with their families to reconcile their individual and collective loss of socio-political agency, cultural ties to their native countries, and safety as they attempt to settle into their Western urban metropolises.
Prediction of Endurance Performance and Oxygen Consumption from Cardiac Time Components

Abstract The relationship among time components of the left ventricle, endurance performances, and oxygen consumption during a standard work load (1107 kg · m/min) in a supine position on a bicycle ergometer were investigated. The subjects were 100 male volunteers, 17 to 23 years of age. A moderate correlation (multiple R = .64) was found among cardiac time components and endurance performance (all-out bicycle ergometer ride time). The pre-ejection time components (i.e., electromechanical lag and isovolumetric contraction period) cannot be considered good predictors for endurance performances or oxygen consumption. Mechanical systole was found to have the most net predictive value in the various combinations for predicting all-out ride time, mile-run time, and oxygen consumption.
High School Dropout Determinants: The Effect of Poverty and Learning Disabilities

not constrained, Human Capital Theory suggests that these students determine that the cost of lost wages exceeds the gain received by investing in a high school diploma. However, instances arise when students are forced out of high school due to poor grades or bad behavior. Until this time, the United States’ labor market has incorporated these lower skilled workers, but today the U.S. faces a new challenge of increasing global competition and a loss of jobs, especially lower skilled jobs, to less expensive overseas operations. If this trend continues, the outlook for these high school dropouts appears to be bleak. Therefore, today society needs to stress the importance of education, and by studying the determinants of dropping out of high school, society can target the students most inclined to drop out and hopefully improve their chances of economic success in the future by encouraging them to complete high school. Numerous studies have found determinants of high school completion; most studies focus on socioeconomic and academic performance factors. This research aims to study the impact of socioeconomic status and learning disabilities, has on the prevalence of learning disabilities, and then the impact learning disabilities has on high school completion. Moreover, this study aims to determine if an interaction between these two factors exists, thereby causing an increased disadvantage of attaining a high school education for these students possessing both of these characteristics. Additionally, this study will show the effectiveness of the current efforts towards helping these students facing poverty and/or learning disabilities.
Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism

The possibility of measuring thyroid hormones from blood dried on filter paper opened the way to identifying neonates with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) already in the first days of life. Consequently the early initiation of adequate replacement therapy opened the way to an effective prevention of mental retardation. Timely and complete specimen collection, transport logistics, rapid analysis and communication of results are key points for the organization of a CH newborn screening program. Close collaboration between laboratory and treating specialists is necessary to ensure an adequate treatment and follow-up of babies identified by CH screening programs. Topics for further investigations remain in the fields of which forms of CH should be identified by screening (only severe or also very mild forms) and on the long-term outcome of the individuals identified by CH screening.
The Case for Intensive Farming of Food Animals

Great strides have been made in recent decades in applying principles of biology and engineering in animal agriculture. Sophisticated animal production systems have been developed in response to numerous pressures. But many technological riddles still remain. Fortunately, our seemingly insatiable curiosity about the nature of things and our inexorable drive to apply what we know guarantee both our continuing search for new knowledge about relations between animals and their environments, and our rapid use of that knowledge to upgrade and fine-tune animal production systems for the benefit of animals, the consuming public, and the agricultural industries alike.
Changes in cytoplasmic calcium in endothelial cells and monocytes treated with estrogen (LB58)

Estrogen is a hormone which exerts its effects in different physiological processes including the initiation and progress of inflammation. In addition to nuclear receptors, estrogen binds to plasma membrane receptors and activates signal transduction pathways. This study explores the role of calcium in estrogen regulated signal transduction from the plasma membrane. For this, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and monocytes (THP-1) were treated with estrogenic compounds (200nM) and calcium labeled using a calcium green indicator and cells were visualized and measured using confocal microscopy. In THP-1 cells and HUVEC cells, calcium decreased in the perinuclear cytoplasm. Decreases in Calcium were measured in THP-1 cells treated with 17β-estradiol (16 fold), Diethylstilbestrol (DES, 4 fold), Genistein (6 fold), and Daidzein (14 fold). Similarly, decreases were observed in HUVEC cells treated with 17β-estradiol (9 fold), DES (1 fold), Genistein (3 fold), and Daidzein (6 fold). Overall levels of...
Expanding the Capabilities of the JPL Electronic Nose for an International Space Station Technology Demonstration

An array-based sensing system based on polymer/carbon composite conductometric sensors is under development at JPL for use as an environmental monitor in the International Space Station. Sulfur dioxide has been added to the analyte set for this phase of development. Using molecular modeling techniques, the interaction energy between SO2 and polymer functional groups has been calculated, and polymers selected as potential SO2 sensors. Experiment has validated the model and two selected polymers have been shown to be promising materials for SO2 detection.
Salutary effect of pre-treatment with an Nrf2 inducer on ischemia reperfusion injury in the rat liver.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common phenomenon occurring during liver surgery, transplantation, and trauma. IRI causes oxidative stress which plays a critical role in causing organ damage. The Nrf2 is the master regulator of numerous genes, encoding antioxidant, detoxifying, and cytoprotective molecules. Nrf2 dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, cancer, and aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Nrf2 pathway activator (dh404) on warm liver IRI in a rodent model. METHODS: Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with dh404 or vehicle. Dh404 was dissolved in sesame oil and was given orally (1.5mg/kg) the night before and 5 hours before procedures. Rat livers were subjected to 60 minutes of 70% ischemia followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Serum ALT and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined and liver tissue was processed for histological examination, and determination of apoptosis, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, ADP/ATP ratio, and expressions of Nrf2, eNOS, anti-oxidant enzymes, and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS: Serum ALT and MDA levels and tissue MPO activity were significantly lower, expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, glutamate cysteine ligase was significantly higher, whereas expression of NFkB and COX-2 was unchanged in the dh404-treated group. Although the total Suzuki histology score did not differ significantly, the extent of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and apoptosis was significantly reduced in the dh404 treated compared to the untreated group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment with dh404 resulted in partial attenuation of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
Removal of cobalt- and mercury-EDTA chelates from aqueous solutions with a macroporous char

A bench-scale method was developed to remove cobalt- and mercury-EDTA chelates from water onto macroporous char. Experimental parameters included variations on solution pH, char pre-treatment, cobalt oxidation state, and apparatus configuration. The use of 60Co and 203Hg radiotracers allowed for total accountability of the metals in the char and effluents. Overall experimental results demonstrate the applicability of treated macroporous chars for the effective removal of both cobalt and mercury EDTA chelates from aqueous solutions. The char system was optimized to sequester 97.5% and 99.8% of the cobalt- and mercury-EDTA from 20 ppm solutions, respectively.
Assessing health in an urban neighborhood: community process, data results and implications for practice

This article examines the community process and data results of a health assessment conducted in an urban neighborhood of a middle-size city in Western Massachusetts. It describes the four-stage development process of the Health Assessment Project (HAP), a collaboration of the UMASS School of Public Health faculty and students, community based organizations and youth residents: (1) planning with a contemporary participatory approach, (2) implementing the data collection with traditional survey methodology, (3) tailoring the data analysis for a presentation at a community forum and report, and (4) incorporating the community's reaction to data results. In addition, it presents selected data results on health conditions of individual household members and perceived community health concerns and resources. Salient data results include high rates of chronic health conditions such as asthma and other respiratory problems among residents 0-18, back pain and other musculoskeletal among younger adults 19-54, and high blood pressure and other cardi-circulatory problems among older adults age 55 and older. The three most prevalent perceived community concerns are substance abuse, gangs and drug dealing. Identified community resources include sources of (1) providers of primary care, (2) health information as family/friends and Spanish media, (3) social activity such as churches and schools. Finally, this paper concludes by discussing implications for community health practice.
Standard deviation of instantaneous frequency

Explicit expressions are derived for the standard deviation of instantaneous frequency (local bandwidth) at a particular time using the short-time Fourier transform and the general class of bilinear distributions. Examples are given. Application to the characterization and description of a multicomponent signal is discussed. The theorem of Fink (1966) and Mandel (1974), which states that the bandwidth of a signal is always greater than the global deviation of the derivative of the phase from the average frequency, is generalized for the short-time Fourier transform. The difference in the two standard deviations is found to be precisely the average of the local bandwidth as calculated with the bilinear distributions. >
De novo protein design: what are we learning?

Abstract The field of de novo design is examined in the light of current theories of protein folding. The most carefully characterized designed proteins show many of the characteristics of molten globules or protein folding intermediates. Thus, it is unclear whether or not the objective of designing proteins that fully mimic the native states of natural proteins has been achieved.
In Utero Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates: The Role of T Cells

In utero transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is a promising treatment for immune and hematologic diseases of fetuses and newborns. Unfortunately, there are limited data from nonhuman primates and humans describing optimal transplantation conditions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of T-cell number on engraftment and the level of chimerism after in utero transplantation in nonhuman primates. CD34(+) allogeneic adult bone marrow cells, obtained from the sire after G-CSF and stem cell factor administration, were transplanted into female fetal recipients. The average CD34(+) cell dose was 3.0 x 10(9)/kg (range, 9.9 x 10(8) to 4.4 x 10(9)) and the T-cell dose ranged from 2.6 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(8)/kg. Chimerism was determined in peripheral blood subsets (CD2, CD13, and CD20) and in progenitor cell populations by using polymerase chain reaction. Chimerism was noted in seven of eight live-born animals. The level of chimerism in the progenitor population was related to the fetal T-cell dose (r = 0.64, p < 0.02). At the lowest T-cell dose (2.6 x 10(5)/kg), no chimerism was detected. As the T-cell dose increased to 10(6-7)/kg, the level of chimerism increased. Adjusting the T-cell dose to 1.1 x 10(8)/kg resulted in fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The results of this study emphasize the importance of T cells in facilitating donor cell engraftment and in producing GVHD in fetal nonhuman primates. Some animals achieved levels of chimerism in the marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell population that would likely have clinical relevance. However, the levels of chimerism in peripheral blood were too low for therapeutic benefit. Further studies are needed to test methods that are likely to enhance donor cell engraftment and peripheral blood levels of donor cells.
Inhibition of Head and Neck Tumor Cell Growth With Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Inhibition

Head and neck tumors are known to synthesize arachidonic acid metabolites. The authors have postulated that these substances may confer growth advantage to cancer cells, and by interfering with arachidonic acid metabolism squamous cancer growth may be altered. The tongue derived squamous carcinoma cell line, SCC-25, was treated with three leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and indomethacin. A dose-dependent decrease in DNA synthesis occurred with leukotriene inhibition, but not prostaglandin inhibition. All leukotriene synthesis inhibitors produced a dramatic and immediate effect ( > 70% inhibition by 4 hours) without cytotoxicity ( > 90% trypan blue exclusion). Cell populations at 96 hours were decreased when compared to control populations. In conclusion, leukotrienes or other lipoxygenase products may play a role as growth factors for squamous cell carcinoma, and arachidonic acid inhibition may be a novel target for chemotherapeutic intervention.
On Garsia-Remmel problem of rook equivalence

Abstract In 1987, Garsia and Remmel proved a theorem that two Ferrers boards share the same rook polynomial if and only if they share all the Garsia-Remmel q-rook polynomials. In their paper they proposed the problem to find a purely combinatorial proof to this theorem. This note gives such a proof.
Teacher Free Speech and Expression in a Digital Age: A Legal Analysis

In this technological age, the definition of priv ate, public, and protected speech and expression for today’s school employees is largely misunderstood and unclear. This article addresses the current legal standards as well as some recent case law involving teacher speech and expression and its major implications for addressing teacher online speech. Finally, this article recommends some best practices for school leaders detailing the appropriate regulation of teacher online speech in the face of these multiple pressures.
Abstract LB-446: Genital talc use and ovarian cancer: Influence of histologic type and menopausal status on strength and dose response of the association

Introduction: An association between talc powder use in the genital area and ovarian cancer has been repeatedly observed but repeatedly challenged because of a “weak” overall association and apparent lack of dose-response. To determine whether these aspects of the association have been affected by the failure to consider, in a uniform fashion, histologic type of ovarian cancer, menopausal status, or family history, we examined data from our own case-control studies including a new series of 845 cases and 857 controls. Methods: We combined data from 3 phases of our case-control study of ovarian cancer that includes data on 2074 ovarian cancer cases and 2101 controls from eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire recruited between 1992 and 2008. We used logistic regression to study the association between ovarian cancer and regular use of genital talc as well as total applications (estimated from frequency and duration of use), adjusted for study phase and center, age, parity, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, BMI, Jewish ethnicity, and family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Separate analyses were done for all ovarian cancer cases, non-mucinous invasive cases, and serous invasive cases. Results: The association of ovarian cancer with genital talc use [OR (and 95% CL)] was 1.30 (1.14, 1.50) for all cases, 1.37 (1.18, 1.59) for non-mucinous invasive cases, and 1.42 (1.17, 1.73) for invasive serous cases. A dose-response based on control quartiles for total applications was also present, p trend = 0.001, 0.0004, 0.001 for all, non-mucinous invasive, and invasive serous cases, respectively. However, the dose-response differed strikingly for pre- and postmenopausal women, p-heterogeneity = 0.07, 0.009, 0.002 for all, non-mucinous invasive, and invasive serous cases, respectively. The dose-response was more apparent for premenopausal women, and relatively flat for postmenopausal women. Further analyses showed that exclusion of cases with a possible familial disease further improved the dose-response, especially in premenopausal women with invasive serous cancer in whom the odds ratios (and 95% limits) were 2.22 (1.23, 4.02) for about 2000 to 8400 applications and 3.23 (1.52, 6.89) for women with greater than 8400 applications, compared to women with no use. Conclusion: The failure to take into consideration histologic type of ovarian cancer in a systematic fashion has led to both an under estimation of the overall effect in all women and the dose-response in premenopausal women, especially those without a family history. Repeating analyses in existing data sets may help clarify the still-debated association between talc and ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-446. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-446
Shape optimization of turbine blades with the integration of aerodynamics and heat transfer

A multidisciplinary optimization procedure, with the integration of aerodynamic and heat transfer criteria, has been developed for the design of gas turbine blades. Two different optimization formulations have been used. In the first formulation, the maximum temperature in the blade section is chosen as the objective function to be minimized. An upper bound constraint is imposed on the blade average temperature and a lower bound constraint is imposed on the blade tangential force coefficient. In the second formulation, the blade average and maximum temperatures are chosen as objective functions. In both formulations, bounds are imposed on the velocity gradients at several points along the surface of the airfoil to eliminate leading edge velocity spikes which deteriorate aerodynamic performance. Shape optimization is performed using the blade external and coolant path geometric parameters as design variables. Aerodynamic analysis is performed using a panel code. Heat transfer analysis is performed using the finite element method. A gradient based procedure in conjunction with an approximate analysis technique is used for optimization. The results obtained using both optimization techniques are compared with a reference geometry. Both techniques yield significant improvements with the multiobjective formulation resulting in slightly superior design.
Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery in Mouse Models of Circadian Disruption

Mounting evidence supports a link between circadian disruption and metabolic disease. Humans with circadian disruption (for example, night-shift workers) have an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases compared with the non-disrupted population. However, it is unclear whether the obesity and obesity-related disorders associated with circadian disruption respond to therapeutic treatments as well as individuals with other types of obesity. Here, we test the effectiveness of the commonly used bariatric surgical procedure, Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG), in mouse models of genetic and environmental circadian disruption. VSG led to a reduction in body weight and fat mass in both ClockΔ19 mutant and constant-light mouse models (P 0.05). Within circadian-disrupted models, VSG also led to improved glucose tolerance and lipid handling (P<0.05). Together these data demonstrate that VSG is an effective treatment for the obesity associated with circadian disruption, and that the potent effects of bariatric surgery are orthogonal to circadian biology. However, as the effects of bariatric surgery are independent of circadian disruption, VSG cannot be considered a cure for circadian disruption. These data have important implications for circadian-disrupted obese patients. Moreover, these results reveal new information about the metabolic pathways governing the effects of bariatric surgery as well as of circadian disruption.
Exploring the Relationship between the Facilitator and Fidelity

The role of the facilitator in helping groups achieve outcomes cannot be overstated. Facilitators are responsible for keeping groups goal oriented, on task, and are key in the development of a group into a team (Kitson, Harvey, & McCormack, 1998). Another important task for facilitators is to implement programs with a high level of fidelity. Fidelity refers to the degree to which facilitators implement programs as designed by the program developers (Dusenbury, Brannigan, Falco, & Hansen, 2003). Maintaining fidelity has been shown as an important factor in the success of different types of programs, including drug abuse prevention (Dusenbury et al., 2003), violence prevention (Mihalic, Fagan, & Argasmo, 2008), employment training (Becker, Smith, Tanzman, Drake, & Tremblay, 2001), and classroom management (Webster-Stratton, Reinke, Herman, & Newcomer, 2011). However, in experiential education there has been significantly less attention given to the importance of fidelity. Tucker and Rheingold (2010) noted this discrepancy in a recent paper, pointing out that â€œfidelity has received little attention in the adventure education and adventure therapy literature, yet experts in the field stress that it should be included when developing, implementing, or evaluating adventure programsâ€ (p. 260).
Intermodal coupler using permanently photoinduced grating in two-mode optical fibre

A permanent index grating with a period equal to the modal beat length is created in a germanium-doped elliptical-core two-mode fibre through a photoinduced process, to make an intermodal coupler. It can also function as an optical wavelength filter.
Second-order ridge axis discontinuities in the South Atlantic: morphology, structure, and evolution

Continuous along-axis Sea Beam coverage of the slow-intermediate spreading (34–38 mm yr−1 full rate) southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (25°–27°30′S and 31°–38° S) shows that the ridge axis is segmented by both rigid and non-rigid discontinuities. Following the model of Macdonald et al. (1988b), a hierarchy of four orders is proposed for ridge axis discontinuities based on a continuum of relative age and distance offset across the discontinuites. This paper discusses the characteristics associated with five second-order discontinuities found in the areas surveyed. First-order discontinuities represent rigid offsets, transform faults, whereas non-rigid discontinuities fall into the second, third and fourth orders. Like transform fault boundaries, second-order discontinuities have distinctive morphologic signatures both on and off-axis-discordant zones — and therefore are better defined than third- or fourth-order discontinuities. Second-order discontinuities are offsets that range in distance from less than 10 km to approximately 30 km and vary in age offset from 0.5 to approximately 2.0 m.y. The variable morphotectonic geometries associated with these discontinuities indicate that horizontal shear strains are accommodated by both extensional and strike-slip tectonism and that the geometries are unstable in time. Three characteristic geometries are recognized: (1)en echelon jog in the plate boundary where ridge axis tips overlap slightly, (2)en echelon jog in the plate boundary where ridge axes are separated by an extensional basin whose long axis is oriented parallel to the strike of the adjoining ridge axes, and (3) oblique offset characterized by a large extensional basin that is oriented approximately 45° to the strike of the ridge axes. In the case of the third type, evidence for short strands of strike-slip tectonism that link an obliquely oriented extensional basin flanking ridge tips is often apparent. Analysis of the detailed bathymetric and magnetic data collected over the second-order discontinuities and their off axis terrain out to 5–7 m.y. documents that second-order discontinuities can follow several evolutionary paths: they can evolve from transform fault boundaries through prolonged asymmetric spreading, they may migrate along strike leaving a V-shaped wake, and they may remain in approximately the same position but oscillate slightly back and forth. In addition, a small change in the pole of relative motion occurring 4–5 Ma is thought to have resulted in the initiation of at least one second-order discontinuity in the survey area. A geologic model is proposed which involves the interplay of lithospheric thickness, asymmetric spreading, temporal and spatial variability of along-axis magmatic input and changes in the poles of relative motion to explain the origin, morphology and evolution of second-order ridge axis discontinuities.
The Microenvironment of Political Participation

This article investigates the claim that individual political participation is affected by the tendency of politically significant others to participate, particularly if that other is a spouse. Models of reported turnout, validated turnout, and campaign activity are developed that explicitly model the relationship between pairs of political discussants. These models are estimated using a unique data set collected in South Bend, Indiana during the 1984 presidential election that includes direct information for both respondents and individuals named as political discussants. The results show that the likelihood of participation increases as discussants become more likely to participate. Spouses are found to be particularly important types of discussants in the case of turnout, but not when campaign activity is the measure of participation.
Small mammals of a woodland-savannah ecosystem in Zimbabwe. II. Community structure

Community characteristics of small mammals in five woodland-savannah habitats (riverine grassland, miombo, mopane, talus, thicket) were studied at Sengwa Wildlife Research Area in Zimbabwe between July 1992 and July 1993. The study was initiated following a drought year and extended over a year of average rainfall. Fourteen species of small mammals were recorded during mark-and-recapture trapping, with the number of species known to occur in a single community ranging from three to nine. Species complements and biomass (g/ha) were lowest during the first portion of the study and peaked during the 1993 cool dry season. Species diversity (H') was lowest in the hot dry season and highest in the cool dry season. Temporal variation in biomass and species diversity was least in talus and greatest in riverine grassland. Communities in talus and thicket were most similar and those in riverine grassland and thicket least similar. In general, these results suggest that woodland-savannah communities are highly variable and appear to be resource-limited.
Rhetoric and Reality The Role of Family Issues in Politician and Party Support

Despite evidence of the political salience of family issues, little work has been done to understand how Americans link family issues to their support of various parties and politicians. This study examines whether respondents think party/politician views on family issues are important and asks respondents to provide examples of relevant family issues. Using data from the 2003 Constructing the Family telephone survey conducted at the Indiana University Center for Survey Research, we find that most respondents claim that a party’s/politician’s views on family issues are important to them. Further analysis reveals that, among people who believe family issues are important, the belief is explained differently, with the sample split between a focus on the characteristics of policymakers as compared to the policy itself. The authors conclude that these differing approaches to family issues may stem from the patchwork system of legislation for families in the United States.