cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impression order effects as a function of the personal relevance of the object of description.

The influence of different target stimuli on impression order effects was tested. Sixty Ss evaluated bivalent sets of personality trait adjectives which purportedly described a hypothetical stranger, the E, or the Ss themselves. Under unwarned recall conditions, variations in the object of description significantly influenced impression order effects (p < .01). It was suggested that this effect may have been a function of attention decrements and implicit evaluations associated with various levels of personal relevance of the impression formation task. Analyses of adjective recall supported the verbal memory hypothesis of impression formation for only the LH sets in the forewarned recall condition. Recall analyses, however, suggested the importance of recall measurement criteria used in tests of the verbal memory hypothesis.
Cryptographic link signatures for spectrum usage authentication in cognitive radio

It was shown that most of the radio frequency spectrum was inefficiently utilized. To fully use these spectrums, cognitive radio networks have been proposed. The idea is to allow secondary users to use a spectrum if the primary user (i.e., the legitimate owner of the spectrum) is not using it. To achieve this, secondary users should constantly monitor the usage of the spectrum to avoid interference with the primary user. However, achieving a trustworthy monitoring is not easy. A malicious secondary user who wants to gain an unfair use of a spectrum can emulate the primary user, and can thus trick the other secondary users into believing that the primary user is using the spectrum when it is not. This attack is called the Primary User Emulation (PUE) attack. To prevent this attack, there should be a way to authenticate primary users' spectrum usage.We propose a method that allows primary users to add a cryptographic link signature to its signal so the spectrum usage by primary users can be authenticated. This signature is added to the signal in a transparent way, such that the receivers (who do not care about the signature) still function as usual, while the cognitive radio receivers can retrieve the signature from the signal. We describe two schemes to add a signature, one using modulation, and the other using coding. We have analyzed the performance of both schemes.
Five year follow-up of a prospective cohort of juvenile chronic arthritis with recent onset.

One hundred and fifty children with suspected juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and a disease duration of 3–6 months entered a prospective study. Diagnosis of JCA could be verified in 107 patients according to the WHO-EULAR criteria. After 5.0±0.9 years 66 of the 107 patients showed no disease activity, 24 of them for more than 2 years, 23 for less than 2 years without any drug therapy. Nineteen patients were still on NSAIDs and/or long acting drugs, 14 patients with unfavourable morphologic outcome (>stage II) and 17 patients with severe functional impairment (≥stage III) all belonged to the 41 children with still active disease after 5 years follow-up. The disease course was polyarticular in 10 of the 14 patients with severe radiologic changes and in 14 of the 17 with unfavourable functional results. The wrist joint proved especially vulnerable since 46% of the severe radiologic changes concerned this joint. All 4 children with positive rheumatoid factor followed a polyarticular course with severe radiologic changes (stage>II), 3 of them together with unfavourable functional outcome. Risk factors for morphologically and functionally unfavourable course are therefore seen in a still active disease after 5 years, a polyarticular joint involvement and a positive rheumatoid factor. Extra-articular complications concerned chronic iridocyclitis in 7 patients, acute iridocyclitis in 2, amyloidosis in 1 and growth retardation in 2 children. — The prospective study is to be continued.
A critique of the role of ectomycorrhizas in forest ecology

Abstract This paper identifies areas of mycorrhizal ecology that the authors believe are crucial for advancing our understanding of the role of mycorrhizas in forest ecosystems. Increased research is needed into the relationships between plant carbon fixation and allocation and nutrient acquisition by mycorrhizas in many forest ecosystems and for different plant physiological stages. These comparisons need to consider not only how symbiotic associations modify plant uptake of nutrients but the interactions between mycorrhizas and decomposer microbes and fauna, and how these interactions influence the conservation of, or competition for, available nutrients. The authors identify four areas of future study that should be accorded priority: (1) the cost-benefit ratio (to the host) of maintaining mycorrhizal fungi on roots and the optimal mycorrhizal biomass that can be supported before the cost-benefit ratio becomes unfavorable; (2) the significance of mycorrhizas in storing nutrients in ecosystems; (3) the significance of interconnecting (naturally grafted) roots relative to the links between different roots attributable to mycorrhizal hyphae; (4) the ability of mycorrhizal fungi to use complex organic substrates as sources of nutrients (such as N and P) in forests.
Mechanism of activation of adenylate cyclase by Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.

The influence ofVibrio cholerae enterotoxin (choleragen) on the response of adenylate cyclase to hormones and GTP, and on the binding of125I-labeled glucagon to membranes, has been examined primarily in rat adipocytes, but also in guinea pig ileal mucosa and rat liver. Incubation of fat cells with choleragen converts adenylate cyclase to a GTP-responsive state; (−)-isoproterenol has a similar effect when added directly to membranes. Choleragen also increases by two- to fivefold the apparent affinity of (−)-isoproterenol, ACTH, glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide for the activation of adenylate cyclase. This effect on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide action is also seen with the enzyme of guinea pig ileal mucosa; the toxin-induced sensitivity to VIP may be relevant in the pathogenesis of cholera diarrhea. The apparent affinity of binding of125I-labeled glucagon is increased about 1.5- to twofold in choleragen-treated liver and fat cell membranes. The effects of choleragen on the response of adenylate cyclase to hormones are independent of protein synthesis, and they are not simply a consequence of protracted stimulation of the enzymein vivo or during preparation of the membranes. Activation of cyclase in rat erythrocytes by choleragen is not impaired by agents which disrupt microtubules or microfilaments, and it is still observed in cultured fibroblasts after completely suppressing protein synthesis with diphtheria toxin. Choleragen does not interact directly with hormone receptor sites. Simple occupation of the choleragen binding sites with the analog, choleragenoid, does not lead to any of the biological effects of the toxin.
Optical identification of the millisecond pulsar 1937+214

Backer et al.1 have reported the discovery of a pulsar with the period of 1.558 ms, identified with the source 1937 + 214 (=4021.53). The extreme rotational velocity and high energy loss rate of this object make it a very interesting astrophysical phenomenum not only as an important clue for the physics of neutron stars and supernova remnants, but also as a potential strong emitter of gravitational radiation (S. White and J. Arons, personal communication). I present here an optical identification candidate for the millisecond pulsar: it is a 20th mag red object, undetectable on the Palomar Sky Survey prints. Finding charts and offsets from nearby stars are given.
Web-Based Social Work Courses: Guidelines for Developing and Implementing an Online Environment

Although web-based courses in schools of social work have proliferated over the past decade, the literature contains few guidelines on steps that schools can take to develop such courses. Using Knowles’s framework, which delineates tasks and themes involved in implementing e-learning in social work education, this article describes the cultivation of an online environment at one school of social work. We outline the steps and procedures used, as well as issues addressed in developing online and blended courses. Recommended strategies for creating a supportive environment for delivering social work content online are provided.
Temperature dependence of the indentation size effect

The influence of temperature on the indentation size effect is explored experimentally. Copper is indented on a custom-built high-temperature nanoindenter at temperatures between ambient and 200 °C, in an inert atmosphere that precludes oxidation. Over this range of temperatures, the size effect is reduced considerably, suggesting that thermal activation plays a major role in determining the length scale for plasticity.
Measures of Dependence for Cross-Lagged Panel Models

Panel studies are statistical studies in which two or more responses are measured for two or more individuals, or other sampling units, at two or more waves, or points in time. Typically the number...
Issues in the mapping of two diseases

Recently, there has been increased interest in the geographical modelling of two or more diseases. In this article, we consider a number of issues relating to such an endeavour including the standardization process and the comparison of univariate and bivariate disease mapping models. A principle motivation for the examination of two or more diseases is to discover similarities or dissimilarities in the geographical distribution of risk. In this article, we propose a proportional mortality approach to give clues to areas of similarity and dissimilarity. A secondary aim of bivariate modelling is to 'borrow strength' between diseases in order to provide better estimates of risk in each area. We will illustrate various modelling strategies using incidence data from 1996 to 2000 on lung and bladder cancer in Washington state.
The Personality Characteristics of Internationally Ranked Female Tennis Players as Measured by the Cattell 16 PF

This study was undertaken to add to understanding of the profile of the female athlete both psychologically and physiologically. 16 internationally ranked female professional tennis players were administered the Cattell 16 Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire. When age was controlled in the research design (under 27 vs over 28 years old), the younger players were significantly more intelligent and experimental than the older group. When rank was controlled (above 50, below 50), no significant results were reported. Compared to the norms for the general female population, the tennis pros were significantly more reserved, more intelligent, more suspicious, and less pretentious. More information is needed to study intragroup comparisons, as well as comparisons with nonelite female athletes and elite male athletes.
Face reconstruction in the wild

We address the problem of reconstructing 3D face models from large unstructured photo collections, e.g., obtained by Google image search or from personal photo collections in iPhoto. This problem is extremely challenging due to the high degree of variability in pose, illumination, facial expression, non-rigid changes in face shape and reflectance over time and occlusions. In light of this extreme variability, no single reconstruction can be consistent with all of the images. Instead, we define as the goal of reconstruction to recover a model that is locally consistent with the image set. I.e., each local region of the model is consistent with a large set of photos, resulting in a model that captures the dominant trends in the input data for different parts of the face. Our approach leverages multi-image shading, but unlike traditional photometric stereo approaches, allows for changes in viewpoint and shape. We optimize over pose, shape, and lighting in an iterative approach that seeks to minimize the rank of the transformed images. This approach produces high quality shape models for a wide range of celebrities from photos available on the Internet.
A LuxR-type Repressor of Burkholderia cenocepacia Inhibits Transcription via Antiactivation and is Inactivated by its Cognate Acylhomoserine Lactone

Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic human pathogen that encodes two LuxI-type acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) synthases and three LuxR-type AHL receptors. Of these, cepI and cepR form a cognate synthase/receptor pair, as do cciI and cciR, while cepR2 lacks a genetically linked AHL synthase gene. Another group showed that a cepR2 mutant overexpressed a cluster of linked genes that appear to direct the production of a secondary metabolite. We found that these same genes were upregulated by octanoylhomoserine lactone (OHL), which is synthesized by CepI. These data suggest that several cepR2-linked promoters are repressed by CepR2 and that CepR2 is antagonized by OHL. Fusions of two divergent promoters to lacZ were used to confirm these hypotheses, and promoter resections and DNase I footprinting assays revealed a single CepR2 binding site between the two promoters. This binding site lies well upstream of both promoters, suggesting an unusual mode of repression. Adjacent to the cepR2 gene is a gene that we designate cepS, which encodes an AraC-type transcription factor. CepS is essential for expression of both promoters, regardless of the CepR2 status or OHL concentration. CepS therefore acts downstream of CepR2, and CepR2 appears to function as a CepS antiactivator.
Intelligent Policy Resource Management for Advanced Broadband Access Networks

This paper proposes an intelligent resource allocation and bandwidth management scheme for use in advanced broadband access networks. One key challenge facing current broadband access service providers is the need to deal with peer-to-peer applications (e.g., Skype and Bit Torrent) and other popular but bandwidth-intensive applications such as Sling Media. Currently, peer-to-peer traffic occupies over 80% of backbone Internet traffic. However, the star topology that is common in many broadband access deployments creates a local bottleneck at the central headend when handling such applications. We first examine how resources can be scheduled for different traffic types in a broadband access network. Based on these studies, we then propose an intelligent resource management (IRM) algorithm. The intelligent algorithm can also be used to provide different service tiers and prevent serious security attacks. We employ OPNET simulation and an experimental implementation to evaluate the merits of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the IRM scheme performs better than conventional scheduling schemes. Specifically, the scheme can manage and control bandwidth-intensive applications, and provide fair bandwidth allocation. The broader impacts of the IRM scheme are the ability to mitigate serious security problems (e.g., worm viruses and denial of service attacks), and the ability to deliver quadruple play services while meeting required performance metrics. This capability will become increasingly important with the emergence of pervasive mobile broadband access networks such as Wi-Max, IMS, and meshed Wi-Fi.
Picornavirus Genome Replication: ASSEMBLY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE VPg URIDYLYLATION RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN (INITIATION) COMPLEX

All picornaviruses have a protein, VPg, covalently linked to the 5′-ends of their genomes. Uridylylated VPg (VPg-pUpU) is thought to serve as the protein primer for RNA synthesis. VPg-pUpU can be produced in vitro by the viral polymerase, 3Dpol, in a reaction in which a single adenylate residue of a stem-loop structure, termed oriI, templates processive incorporation of UMP into VPg by using a “slide-back” mechanism. This reaction is greatly stimulated by viral precursor protein 3CD or its processed derivative, 3C; both contain RNA-binding and protease activities. We show that the 3C domain encodes specificity for oriI, and the 3D domain enhances the overall affinity for oriI. Thus, 3C(D) stimulation exhibits an RNA length dependence. By using a minimal system to evaluate the mechanism of VPg uridylylation, we show that the active complex contains polymerase, oriI, and 3C(D) at stoichiometry of 1:1:2. Dimerization of 3C(D) is supported by physical and structural data. Polymerase recruitment to and retention in this complex require a protein-protein interaction between the polymerase and 3C(D). Physical and functional data for this interaction are provided for three picornaviruses. VPg association with this complex is weak, suggesting that formation of a complex containing all necessary components of the reaction is rate-limiting for the reaction. We suggest that assembly of this complex in vivo would be facilitated by use of precursor proteins instead of processed proteins. These data provide a glimpse into the organization of the ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes this key step in picornavirus genome replication.
Harlem's Unsung Hero: The Life and Legacy of Holcombe Rucker

��� With an intense desire to improve the conditions of his native Harlem, New York, Holcombe Rucker established the city’s first summer basketball league and tournament. He established these activities because he believed his community deserved better. Rucker’s passion for teaching and mentoring young people through basketball consumed his short life. The sacrifices he made for Harlem, the lives of countless youth, and the game of basketball deserve more recognition. His spirit and legacy should not reside only on the basketball courts of Rucker Park. True to his motto of “Each One, Teach One,” each time someone he taught instilled those lessons in another person his spirit is revived, and his legacy is reborn. Investigation into Holcombe Rucker’s life and his mission to give the children of his community a better chance at overcoming their disadvantages serves as a reminder that he was a man who inspired a generation to reach beyond what it ever thought possible.
How muscles function--the work loop technique.

![Figure][1] Anna Ahn discusses Bob Josephson’s 1985 paper entitled: ‘Mechanical power output from striated muscle during cyclic contraction’. A copy of the paper can be obtained from The primary function of muscle is to generate
Two-Dimensional Slope Failure in the Centrifugal Field

Slope failures occurred frequently that resulted in the loss of lives and properties. Slope performed differently with respect to different slope angles, heights and soil properties. In this study, the centrifuge facility was used to simulate slope failure under two dimensional (2-D) conditions. Clean Nevada sand and its mixtures with different percentages of fines (up to 30% or so) were used. The slope angles were 60, 75 and 90 degrees. Slope failure was generated by increasing the gravity. A laser displacement transducer was used to measure the settlement at the top of the slopes that indicated initiation of failure. A video camera was used in front of the slope to trace failure and movement of failure soil mass. At the end of testing, the slope was cut to obtain the configurations of failure surface. The results showed a normalized behavior of slope failure surface. The normalized behavior tended to drift for less steep slope. Vertical slopes also showed shallower failure surface compared to 75- and 60-degree slopes.
Exploring the Aesthetics of Mexican-American Popular Ritual.

This essay explores the ritual dynamics of Good Friday at the San Fernando Cathedral in San Antonio, Texas. Four liturgies take place on this day, the most famous of which is the via crucis , or public reenactment of the trial and crucifixion of Jesus. As gripping as the via crucis is, the author focuses on a lesser-known Good Friday liturgy, a traditional Mexican service called the Pesame . In this solemn service, congregants come to pay their condolences to the grieving Mary, who performs a powerful liturgical dance. The essay explores the ways that Mary ’ s dance ignites not only a visceral aesthetics of sense but also a more encompassing aesthetics of the moral imagination. In offering this interpretation, the author draws on insights from both ritual studies and practical theology, showing how they may critically inform each other.
AMMCA: Acoustic Massive MIMO with Carrier Aggregation to Boost the Underwater Communication Data Rate

A new communication approach based on massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) with Carrier Aggregation (CA), named AMMCA, is proposed to boost the achievable data rate for multimedia traffic in underwater acoustic channels. The system under study is composed of a surface buoy station with many hydrophones and of an underwater static or mobile node such as an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with a few transducers. The proposed idea presents two components: (i) the first consists in deploying a large number of hydrophones at the buoy for uplink massive MIMO reception; (ii) the second requires employing carrier aggregation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols to exploit a wider underwater bandwidth than in traditional acoustic systems that use only a few tens of KHz. Via both theoretical analysis and computer-based simulations, AMMCA is shown to boost the achievable data rate in underwater acoustic channels for both medium/short and long distances.
Channel Adjustment and Floodplain Development Following Dam Removal

Dam removal is being used to experimentally investigate hydrologic, geomorphic and ecological links in streams, particularly riparian vegetation and floodplain wetlands as mediated by channel adjustment. Damming leads to accumulation of organic matter and nutrient-rich sediments and altered hydrology and geomorphology. Following dam removal, altered hydraulics will drive upstream channel evolution which will determine the spatial relationship between the channel and the floodplain. Channel wetted perimeter will decrease exposing nutrient-rich sediments for floodplain ecosystem succession. In this paper preliminary results are shown from an experimental dam removal. Due to the progress of the dam removal particular emphasis will be focused on the fate of interstitial nutrients within the developing floodplain and floodplain plant community succession. Initial data show floodplain wetland interstitial water N and P concentrations 10-20X greater than adjacent surface water which initially will likely compromise floodplain nutrient retentive capacity. Here, floodplain nutrient retentive capacity is defined as the system’s ability to attenuate surface water nutrient concentrations during flood events. Secondary succession is primarily measured using biomass of macrophytes (AFDM) and benthic algae (chl a), and within the rooting-zone using fungal biomass and bacterial productivity. Field nutrient data from the floodplain wetland are being collected throughout the successional process (surface water, interstitial and sediment surface). In addition to the field studies, development of floodplain retentive capacity is being simulated via floodplain wetland mesocosms within a greenhouse under variable hydrologic conditions in the presence and absence of wetland floodplain vegetation. These contrasting experimental techniques will elucidate fundamental links between geomorphology, hydrology, and ecosystem processes in streams, as well as provide novel data on environmental response following dam removal.
Organizational Growth and Succession Patterns

The article looks at a study which examines the relationship between modes of administrative succession at the corporate level and the organizational criterion of growth in manufacturing companies....
In our hands? The future of health care technology.

Use improvements in data accuracy and nursing productivity to enhance your quality of care.
The Censor as Reader: Censorial Responses to Bodin's Methodus in Counter-Reformation Italy (1587–1607)

SUMMARYThis essay investigates censorial responses to Jean Bodin's Methodus (1566) in Counter-Reformation Italy, using evidence from Italian libraries and archives to shed new light on the process that led to the inclusion of the work in the Roman Expurgatory Index of 1607. By examining the diverse, and sometimes conflicting, opinions that Catholic censors expressed on Bodin's text and the ‘errors’ it contained, the essay shows that even a relatively cohesive ‘reading community’ such as that of Counter-Reformation censors could nurture fundamental disagreement in evaluating the content and dangerousness of a book, as well as in devising appropriate countermeasures. Censors often made sense of the same texts in utterly different ways, based not only on their own intellectual interests and backgrounds, but also on the different interpretive strategies that they adopted. In light of this fact, the article suggests that early modern censorship should be seen less as a purely repressive practice than as a pecu...
Nuclear Diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility, 2013-2015

C.B. Yeamans, W. Cassata, J.A. Church, D.N. Fittinghoff, M. Gatu Johnson, N. Gharibyan, R. Hatarik, D.B. Sayre, H.W. Sio, R.M. Bionta, D.L. Bleuel, J.A. Caggiano, C.J. Cerjan, G.W. Copper, M.J. Eckart, E.R. Edwards, S.A. Faye, C.J. Forrest, J.A. Frenje, V.Yu. Glebov, P.F. Grant, G.P. Grim, E.P. Hartouni, H.W. Herrmann, J.D. Kilkenny, J.P. Knauer, A.J. Mackinnon, F.E. Merrill, K.J. Moody, M.J. Moran, R.D. Petrasso, T.W. Phillips, H.G. Rinderknecht, D. H. G. Schneider, S.M. Sepke, D.A. Shaughnessy, W. Stoeffl, C.A. Velsko, P. Volegov 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA 2 General Atomics, San Diego, California, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA 4 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 5 University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA 6 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA 7 University of Rochester, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York, USA yeamans1@llnl.gov
University of Texas MD Anderson cancer center experience caring for patients from countries undergoing political–social conflict

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is a large, tertiary referral center serving patients from throughout the USA and the world. Approximately 5 % of patients cared for at the MD Anderson main campus come from countries outside the USA. In addition, MD Anderson has developed a wide variety of collaborative programs to serve international and domestic patients regardless of socioeconomic status. For instance, many MD Anderson faculty and staff work in the Harris Health System, a large, safety net county health care system. Many of the patients within the Harris Health System are indigent, medically underserved patients who traveled from Latin America and other countries as a result of economic hardship, social instability, and or violence in their home countries. In addition, the MD Anderson Office of Health Policy has partnered with the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to develop novel cancer control programs for underserved populations. Examples include programs and research projects to reduce morbidity and mortality from early stage cancers of the cervix, breast, and colon through innovative screening and treatment.
Advice for Aspiring Applicants

nwhjournal.org © 2016, AWHONN 229 Th is is the season when you or your colleagues may be preparing to go back to school. What a great adventure awaits! But fi rst there are applications to complete and letters of recommendation to request. Applications ask a person to “brag,” and for most of us who are not politicians, that is an uncomfortable position. However, the application should be carefully written. Having served on various committees, I have seen great examples of what not to do. For example, a number of times I have read rambling, illogical applications, some of which never even mention the type of program for which the candidate wishes to apply. Worse yet are the statements that clearly are cut and pasted, oft en without changing the name of another school embedded in the body of the text, or the applications for a scholarship that don’t show any connection with the sponsoring organization. Th en there are the letters of reference or recommendation. A candidate should choose the persons to provide recommendations carefully. Th e temptation is to ask someone of great esteem to write the letter. But even if the President of the United States would actually agree to do so, beware if that famous person doesn’t know you well. It is better to contact someone who knows you and provide them with your curriculum vitae and a line or two about why you want to go to that particular program (or seek a scholarship or letter of support). Th is enables the writer to customize a letter to your benefi t. Th e same is true if you are seeking a letter of support. On the other hand, what if you are the one asked to write a letter of recommendation? No Advice for Aspiring Applicants
Nothing is more practical than a good conceptual artifact… which may be a theory, framework, model, metaphor, paradigm or perhaps some other abstraction

This research commentary proposes a way to make progress in the IS discipline's inconclusive discussion about the nature and role of theory. In some ways, the creation and testing of theory seems to be the primary goal of IS research. Despite that, there are persistent questions whether theory has become a fetish in the IS discipline and whether the routinized production and testing of mid-range theories is little more than an uninspired script that reduces the value and interest of IS research. This paper reframes the discussion around the idea of ‘conceptual artifact’ that has been discussed widely in educational psychology for over a decade. Conceptual artifacts are abstract knowledge objects that can be produced, tested and improved. This paper recognizes the value of both abstract knowledge (conceptual artifacts) and non-abstract knowledge. It explains that theorizing produces, evaluates or improves useful conceptual artifacts that may or may not be theories. It validates four premises related to conceptual artifacts by showing that theorizing related to work system theory created or used many different types of conceptual artifacts. It identifies nine criteria for evaluating conceptual artifacts and shows that some of them differ from typical criteria for evaluating Gregor Type IV theories. As a whole, it argues that that privileging theory over other types of conceptual artifacts may not be beneficial in pursuing the research questions that the IS discipline needs to study.
Adsorption of metal and metalloid ions onto nanoporous microparticles functionalized by atomic layer deposition

Abstract A novel material was prepared by depositing ultrathin TiO 2 films on nanoporous micron-sized silica gel particles by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Silica gel particles were coated with 20 and 40 cycles of TiO 2 films by ALD. Half samples were heated at 500 °C to change the crystal structure of TiO 2 . Their adsorption ability for a mixture of 19 trace elements of heavy metals and other toxic elements, including As(V), Se(IV), Be(II), Al(III), V(V), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ba(II), Tl(I), Sb(III), Cd(II), Ag(I), Sr(II), Mo(VI), and Pb(II), from aqueous solutions was investigated. The removal efficiencies of As(V), Se(IV), V(V), Mo(VI), and Pb(II) were higher than 75% simultaneously in the mixed solution at pH 3 for 20 and 40 cycles of TiO 2 coated silica gel particles without heat treatment. In contrast, the uncoated silica gel particles did not adsorb any ions under this pH condition. At pH 5, the 20 cycles of TiO 2 coated samples without heat treatment removed 95% As(V), 95% Se(IV), 86% V(V), 94% Mo(VI), 60% Pb(II), 40% Sb(III), 73% Ag(I), 72% Cu(II), and 49% Ba(II) simultaneously. Before heat treatment, the TiO 2 coated samples showed better adsorption performance than the samples with heat treatment due to the fact that the TiO 2 surface area decreased and thereby the amount of adsorption sites reduced after heat treatment. The micron-sized adsorbent particles were separated easily from water due to their large particle size, making it practically suitable for trace contaminant remediation in water.
Revisiting Self-Selection Biases in E-Word-of-Mouth: An Integrated Model and Bayesian Estimation of Multivariate Review Behaviors

This paper studies the consumer self-selection bias in the e-word-of-mouth (eWOM) systems, e.g. consumer review websites. Under Bayesian framework, this study extends our understanding of this bias and discovers two new sources through developing a system of structural models of consumer review behaviors tested by a large data set. Our model and results provide evidences that the timing and content of a review introduce significant amount of bias into ratings in a simultaneous fashion. Specifically, we find that after controlling for various exogenous effects the two sources of bias persist: a subsequent rating is positively associated with the time interval between two consecutive reviews by the same consumer, and is negatively associated with the length of a review. Clearly, our findings confirm that modern eWOM systems have notable flaws despite of their mechanical advantages. We further discuss the possible mechanisms as well as the economic impact underlying these findings.
Key figure of mobility: the tourist

The tourist has long been a common but often demeaned figure of modern popular culture. Only from the 1970s did social scientists such as Erik Cohen, Valene Smith and particularly Dean MacCannell treat the tourist seriously as a conceptual figure. The past 40 years has seen both the proliferation of numbers and types of tourists on the move and a much more fine-grained conceptualisation of the figure of the tourist, who can be examined in terms of both embodied performances and inner, mental voyages rather than objective classifications. Many tourists are competitive about their travel destinations, their experiences, their tastes and the care with which they treat both their hosts and the destination environment, and tourism researchers have their own moralisations, using measures of social and cultural impact and environmental sustainability. Anthropologists are challenged to apply their ethnographic research methods to these temporary sojourners, on the move, often focused on their social and bodily pleasures. Such conditions and the often cosmopolitan research milieux promote a convergence of anthropological and other social science research methods and concepts, with some productive multidisciplinary results. Anthropologists' research on ethnic tourism, trekking and rites of passage tourism, volunteer tourism, medical tourism and many other specialised forms of travel including couch surfing and philanthropy demonstrate the continuing leading position of the discipline under very different and often difficult circumstances.
Who’s There? A Study of Students’ Reasoning about a Proof of Existence

Drawing on prior research on indirect proof, this paper reports on a series of exploratory studies that examine the extent to which findings on students’ ways of reasoning about contradiction and contraposition characterize students’ views of indirect existence proofs. Specifically, Study 1 documents students’ comparative selections and selection rationales when asked to choose the “most convincing” proof, given a constructive and nonconstructive existence proof. Study 2 further examines findings from Study 1 by documenting novices’ levels of conviction and interpretations of a nonconstructive existence proof. Findings show that when presented with a nonconstructive proof, students tended to not only find the proof convincing but also interpreted the proof constructively. Moreover, the data indicate students who exhibit an awareness of the nonconstructive structure were divided in terms of their views of which form – constructive or non-constructive – was the most convincing. The discussion considers students’ reactions to the disjunctive structure of nonconstructive existence proofs and use of pragmatic and theoretical modes of thought.
‘The movie has to go forward’: surveying the media–security relationship

ABSTRACTThis essay isolates and explores a growing body of communication scholarship devoted to the relationship between media and security. It begins by reviewing communication’s disciplinary history surrounding this relationship, and recent trends stimulating the convergence of media and security scholarship. It surveys five prominent research programmes offering distinctive images of the media–security relationship: visual securitization, media framing; media materialism; mediatization; and critical-cultural media studies. It then grounds that survey in a case study of media and nuclear weapons that problematizes the communicative status of security technologies. It concludes with a discussion of potential futures for this larger body of work.
Opposing Affirmative Action: The Social Psychology of Political Ideology and Racial Attitudes

Affirmative action in higher education has been a contentious issue for almost forty years. Since about 1970, litigants have challenged such programs in undergraduate and professional schools. The problem is that the attack on affirmative action from the political Right has been shown, in social-psychological literature, to be predicted by racial attitudes. To elucidate this point, this Essay provides a backdrop to understanding racial attitudes among political conservatives in Part I. Part II contends that the way to think about racial bias on the political Right is at the automatic, implicit, and subconscious level. In doing so, Part II provides a framework for understanding implicit biases and how they originate. Part III discusses how implicit bias relates to political ideology. Part IV ties implicit racial attitudes to attitudes about affirmative action, specifically. This Essay concludes by underscoring that while the legal arguments made for why affirmative action in higher education should be held unlawful, based on constitutional ideals, what lies at the heart of the opposition is less about constitutional principles. Rather, the opposition emerges from racial hostility.
Transarterial Chemoembolization within First 3 Months of Sorafenib Initiation Improves Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Multi-Institutional Study with Propensity Matching.

Abstract Purpose The impact of transarterial chemoembolization after initiation of sorafenib (SOR) has not been prospectively compared with SOR alone in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to assess whether SOR + transarterial chemoembolization provides benefit over SOR alone in this setting. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study with propensity matching using data from patients prescribed SOR for HCC at Veterans Health Administration hospitals from 2007 to 2015. The primary outcome was overall survival from the time of SOR prescription and stratified by receipt of transarterial chemoembolization within 90 days of SOR initiation. Results A total of 4,896 patients received SOR for HCC, of whom 232 (4.7%) underwent transarterial chemoembolization within 90 days. Patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization + SOR were highly selected, being younger and with less significant hepatic dysfunction, earlier Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage ( P P P P = .0005). Subgroup analysis suggests that the addition of transarterial chemoembolization to SOR improves outcomes in most patients, particularly those with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 50,000/μL, and >3 tumors with or without macrovascular invasion, without local invasion or metastases. Conclusions Patients with unresectable HCC started on systemic therapy with SOR appear to benefit from adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization. Optimal application of multimodal therapy in this setting should be prospectively investigated.
Symbolic Interaction Theory for Small Group Treatment

Three different treatment groups were studied to conduct a content analysis of group interaction and dynamics. Symbolic interaction theory was used to categorize the forms of interaction. Typologie...
Validation of a Novel Electronic Health Record Patient Portal Advance Care Planning Delivery System.

Background: Advance care planning allows patients to articulate their future care preferences should they no longer be able to make decisions on their own. Early advance care planning in outpatient settings provides benefits such as less aggressive care and fewer hospitalizations, yet it is underutilized due to barriers such as provider time constraints and communication complexity. Novel methods, such as patient portals, provide a unique opportunity to conduct advance care planning previsit planning for outpatient care. This follow-up to our pilot study aimed to conduct pragmatic testing of a novel electronic health record-tethered framework and its effects on advance care planning delivery in a real-world primary care setting. Objective: Our intervention tested a previsit advance care planning workflow centered around a framework sent via secure electronic health record-linked patient portal in a real-world clinical setting. The primary objective of this study was to determine its impact on frequency and quality of advance care planning documentation. Methods: We conducted a pragmatic trial including 2 sister clinical sites, one site implementing the intervention and the other continuing standard care. A total of 419 patients aged between 50 and 93 years with active portal accounts received intervention (n=200) or standard care (n=219). Chart review analyzed the presence of advance care planning and its quality and was graded with previously established scoring criteria based on advance care planning best practice guidelines from multiple nations. Results: A total of 19.5% (39/200) of patients who received previsit planning responded to the framework. We found that the intervention site had statistically significant improvement in new advance care planning documentation rates (P<.01) and quality (P<.01) among all eligible patients. Advance care planning documentation rates increased by 105% (19/39 to 39/39) and quality improved among all patients who engaged in the previsit planning framework (n=39). Among eligible patients aged between 50 and 60 years at the intervention site, advance care planning documentation rates increased by 37% (27/96 to 37/96). Advance care planning documentation rates increased 34% among high users (27/67 to 36/67). Conclusions: Advance care planning previsit planning using a secure electronic health record-supported patient portal framework yielded improvement in the presence of advance care planning documentation, with highest improvement in active patient portal users and patients aged between 50 and 60 years. Targeted previsit patient portal advance care planning delivery in these populations can potentially improve the quality of care in these populations.
A survey of finite embedding theorems for partial latin squares and quasigroups

A latin square is an n × n array such that in each row and column each of the integers 1,2,3,...,n occurs exactly once. A partial latin square is an n × n array such that in each row and column each of the integers 1,2,...,n occurs at most once. An example of a 4 × 4 partial latin square is given below.
Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle, Anomalous Aerosol

Stratospheric aerosol, noted after large volcanic eruptions since at least the late 1800s, were first measured in the late 1950s, with the modern continuous record beginning in the 1970s. Stratospheric aerosol, both volcanic and nonvolcanic are sulfuric acid droplets with radii (concentrations) on the order of 0.02-0.5 µm (0.5-0.005 cm �3 ), increasing by factors of 2-4 (10-10 3 ) after large volcanic eruptions. The source of the sulfur for the aerosol is either through direct injection from sulfur-rich volcanic eruptions, or from tropical injection of tropospheric air containing OCS, SO 2 , and sulfate particles. The life cycle of nonvolcanic stratospheric aerosol (SA) (photodissociation and oxidation of sulfur source gases, nucleation/ condensation in the tropics, transport poleward and downward in the global planetary wave driven tropical pump) leads to a quasi steady-state relative maximum in particle number concentration at around 20 km in the mid latitudes. SA have significant impacts on the Earth's radiation balance for several years following volcanic eruptions. Away from large eruptions, the direct radiation impact is small and well characterized; however, these particles also may play a role in the nucleation of near tropopause cirrus, and thus indirectly affect radiation. SA play a larger role in the chemical, particularly ozone, balance of the stratosphere. In the midlatitudes they interact with both nitrous oxides and chlorine reservoirs, thus indirectly ozone. In the polar regions they provide condensation sites for polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) which then provide the surfaces necessary to convert inactive to active chlorine leading to polar ozone loss. Until the mid 1990s the modern record has been dominated by three large sulfur-rich eruptions: Fuego (1974), El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991), thus definitive conclusions concerning the trend of nonvolcanic SA could only recently be made. Although anthropogenic emissions of SO 2 have changed somewhat over the last 30 years, the measurements during volcanically quiescent periods indicate no long term trend in nonvolcanic stratospheric aerosol.
The Regulation of Neuronal Morphology and Innervation in Developing and Adult Animals: Anatomical, Physiological and In Vivo Observations

This chapter summarizes two related but distinct lines of investigation carried out by Dale Purves and his colleagues over the past several years: the first deals with the ways in which a neuron’s morphology and innervation are regulated by the neuron’s target, and the second deals with the development of methods by which neuronal morphology and connectivity can be monitored in living animals.
Economy and Quality of Life in the Roman World

This paper surveys recent trends in the study of economic development and human well-being in the Roman world.
Embeddedness across Governance Modes: Is There a Link between Premerger Alliances and Divestitures?

The present study explores whether and how an organization’s different types of governance modes—alliances, mergers, and divestitures—may be intertwined over time. As such, we consider whether boun...
Including Wave Rollers in a Regional Scale Coupled Modeling System for Nearshore Applications

In support of utilizing the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) at surf zone resolving horizontal resolutions, we employ an empirical approximation of the wave roller energy. The wave roller is the turbulent area on the face of a breaking wave that travels with the wave and distributes the decay in wave energy to turbulence over a transition zone. It is included in the calculation of radiation stress, the gradients of which drive the flow through the momenum balance. It has been reported that inclusion of the wave roller shifts the maximum in velocity shoreward, alleviates models’ tendencies to predict zero velocity when waves reform in a bar trough, and improves model-data comparisons for laboratory and field experiments. We evalutate our implementation of a wave roller approximation in COAMPS over three idealized bathymetric profiles, a plane beach, a shallow-barred beach and a deep-barred beach. In all three cases, the roller approximation shifts the maximum velocity shoreward. We investigate unexpected velocity reversals, explain the cause of the reversals, and suggest methods to alleviate the reversals.