cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mandibular vestibuloplasty: A clinical update

Abstract Ten modifications of the traditional mandibular skin graft vestibuloplasty have been reported. These include (1) omission of the surgical stent, (2) labial suturing of the skin graft, (3) fenestration of the graft, (4) cannulation of the submaxillary ducts, (5) intentional mental anesthesia, (6) infiltration of steroids into the floor of the mouth, (7) use of chromic submandibular sutures, (8) omission of prophylactic antibiotics, (9) donor site options, and (10) partial procedures. With the use of these modifications, mandibular labial and lingual vestibular extension can be consistently obtained with minimal morbidity and reduced anesthesia time (Fig. 6). Operating time with these techniques averages 1 hour and 15 minutes. Postoperative hospitalization is significantly shortened, with most patients discharged on the third postoperative day. Patient acceptance is high, and our results have been extremely satisfying.
Dispersion and catalytic ignition of hydrogen leaks within enclosed spaces

Abstract An experimental investigation is conducted into the nature of catalytic ignition of leaked hydrogen gas within an enclosure, and the nature of hydrogen dispersion under varied venting conditions. Using a 1/16th linear scale two-car garage as a model, and a platinum foil as a catalytic surface, it is found that for all conditions tested, catalytic ignition is observed after the leaked hydrogen comes in contact with the catalytic surface, which is initially at or near room temperature. After ignition, these surface reactions lead to steady-state surface temperatures in the range of 600–800 K, dependent on inlet conditions in terms of mixture composition and flow rate. In addition, varying the venting opportunities from the garage walls suggests that not only total area, but also the number and position of vents may impact the nature of hydrogen accumulation within an enclosed structure.
Plasma Deposited Ni-Al-Mo Metal-Metal Composites

Six different composite microstructures were produced by low pressure plasma deposition of γ/γ'-α Ni-Al-Mo materials. Interlaminate spacing, volume fraction of α Mo, and continuity of the laminate structure were varied. Thermal expansion behavior (25–1250°C), density, and room temperature elastic modulus were correlated with volume fraction of α Mo. Tensile ductility (25–960°C) was correlated with both volume fraction and distribution of the α Mo phase, while yield strength was nearly insensitive to composite structure. Composite strengths were greater than were the unreinforced matrix strengths.
Isolation, chromosomal localization, and nucleotide sequence of the human HOX 1.4 homeobox.

Abstract We have isolated a 14-kb DNA sequence containing a single homeobox from a low-stringency screen of a human genomic phage library by using heterologous homeobox sequences as probes. Chromosomal mapping of this clone using in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes and a panel of mouse × human somatic cell hybrids localized it to human chromosome 7p13–p15 in the region of the HOX 1 locus. We have sequenced the homeobox and show it has 100% identity to the deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse Hox-1.4 homeobox. We detect no restriction fragment length polymorphisms with the 14-kb clone, which is devoid of any moderately repetitive DNA sequences. This implies an inability of this region to tolerate change in sequence, consistent with a function highly conserved throughout evolution. The regions in the human genome where homeobox-containing loci reside share patterns of organization and sequence and have other gene loci in common, implying evolutionary constraints over these regions and providing clues on how they may have evolved.
Resonance impedance sensing of human blood cells

A challenging problem in alternating current (AC) impedance sensing of particles (e.g., blood cells in plasma) with micro electrodes is that with the shrinking of electrode surface area the electrode double layer capacitance decreases. This double-layer capacitor dominates the system impedance in lowfrequency range, while the parallel stray capacitor dominates the system impedance in high frequency range. Hence the sensitivity for particle sensing for micro impedance sensors decreases over a wide frequency range. In this paper, we propose an approach to solve the problem. The idea is to use resonant sensing by connecting an external parallel inductor to the system. At the resonant frequency, the capacitive components in the system are nullified by the inductor, leaving the channel impedance (including the particle impedance) to be a major component in the system impedance. We then successfully demonstrate this idea by sensing 5 µm polystyrene beads. More important, this technique is extended to sensing blood cells in diluted human whole blood and leukocyte-rich plasma. The sensitivity can be improved by two orders of magnitude over more than three decades in frequency domain. The measured signal peak height histogram at low frequency matches well with known volume distribution of erythrocytes and leukocytes.
Testosterone and estrogen act via different pathways to inhibit puberty in the male Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).

The peripubertal transition in male mammals is accompanied by a gradual decrease in sensitivity to the inhibitory effects exerted by gonadal hormones, such as T and E2. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic T and its metabolites, 5α-dihydrotestosterone and E2 on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis at puberty. We also examined if T effects are distinct or mediated through its conversion to 5α-dihydrotestosterone or E2. Twenty-day-old male Siberian hamsters were sc implanted with a SILASTIC brand capsule containing varying doses of T, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, or E2. Several functional parameters of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were evaluated including hypothalamic GnRH concentration, pituitary and plasma FSH levels, pituitary FSH and LH mRNA, and testicular status. Our results showed that gonadal steroids inhibited puberty in a dose-dependent manner as evaluated by testes mass (undiluted steroid: T, 27 ± 3 mg; 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 18 ± 1 mg; and E2, 62 ± 4 mg relative to cholesterol-im...
A Model for Cloud Droplet Growth by Condensation in an Inhomogeneous Medium

Abstract A new model for droplet growth by condensation is proposed which can produce a broad droplet size spectrum as well as local fluctuations in droplet number concentration and liquid water content. The model depends neither on mixing nor on the type of condensation nuclei present. It is based on small fluctuations in relative humidity coupled with droplet sedimentation. During the early stages of condensation, small local variations in relative humidity can produce significant variations in droplet sizes. The resulting non-uniformities in droplet sedimentation rate create inhomogeneities in droplet number concentration, which, in turn, cause variations in vapor pressure and differences in droplet growth rates. Numerical experiments show that the initial conditions required for this model to produce a broad droplet size spectrum are sufficiently general to be of common occurrence. Although the model does not include any turbulence effects, it is argued that the process modeled does not require the co...
Atmospheric stability from scintillation measurements

The Obukhov length L is an important meteorological parameter that quantifies the stability of the atmospheric surface layer. Consequently, routine monitoring of L with simple instruments is desirable. I describe here such a monitoring scheme, the SFS method, that has the added advantage of yielding a spatially averaged estimate of L. The SFS method-stability from scintillation-is based on measurements of the refractive-index structure parameter C(2)(n) with two matched scintillometers positioned at heights z(1) and z(2). A sensitivity analysis shows that the method can yield an estimate of the stability parameter xi = (z(1)z(2))((1/2))/L with factor of 2 accuracy in the ranges of -3 </= zeta </= -0.015 and 0.02 </=zeta </= 10, the stabilities most commonly encountered in the surface layer.
Nonvariational numerical calculations of excitonic properties in quantum wells in the presence of strain, electric fields, and free carriers.

In this paper we describe the properties of effective-mass excitons in quantum wells in the presence of strain, transverse electric fields, and free carriers using a nonvariational numerical technique. The technique allows us to avoid the use of a prechosen form for the excitonic wave function and can be applied to arbitrarily shaped quantum wells with external perturbations. We describe the valence band within the effective-mass approximation using a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 k\ensuremath{\cdot}p Hamiltonian which neglects the split-off band; the conduction band is assumed to be parabolic. Results are presented for exciton binding energies, wave functions, and oscillator strengths.
Differences in the number of affective symptoms among neurology patients

Ratings on the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression were compared among 6 different neurologic diagnostic groups of 114 outpatients. According to the results, depressive symptoms have a similar prevalence in this group as in groups of general medical outpatients and cardiologic inpatients but are more common than in the community. Contrary to the results of some other studies, patients with seizure disorders and cerebrovascular disorders had the lowest ratings. These findings suggest that neurologic diagnostic groups have variable prevalence of affective symptoms even though depression is common in all the different diagnostic groups, according to a brief literature review.
Anteriorward shifting of asymmetric Xnr1 expression and contralateral communication in left–right specification in Xenopus

Transient asymmetric Nodal signaling in the left lateral plate mesoderm (L LPM) during tailbud/early somitogenesis stages is associated in all vertebrates examined with the development of stereotypical left-right (L-R) organ asymmetry. In Xenopus, asymmetric expression of Nodal-related 1 (Xnr1) begins in the posterior L LPM shortly after the initiation of bilateral perinotochordal expression in the posterior tailbud. The L LPM expression domain rapidly shifts forward to cover much of the flank of the embryo before being progressively downregulated, also in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of Nodal/Xnr1 expression in the L LPM, and its transient nature, are not well understood. Removing the posterior tailbud domain prevents Xnr1 expression in the L LPM, consistent with the idea that normal embryos respond to a posteriorly derived asymmetrically acting positive inductive signal. The forward propagation of asymmetric Xnr1 expression occurs LPM-autonomously via planar tissue communication. The shifting is prevented by Nodal signaling inhibitors, implicating an underlying requirement for Xnr1-to-Xnr1 induction. It is also unclear how asymmetric Nodal signals are modulated during L-R patterning. Small LPM grafts overexpressing Xnr1 placed into the R LPM of tailbud embryos induced the expression of the normally L-sided genes Xnr1, Xlefty, and XPitx2, and inverted body situs, demonstrating the late-stage plasticity of the LPM. Orthogonal Xnr1 signaling from the LPM strongly induced Xlefty expression in the midline, consistent with recent findings in the mouse and demonstrating for the first time in another species conservation in the mechanism that induces and maintains the midline barrier. Our findings suggest that there is long-range contralateral communication between L and R LPM, involving Xlefty in the midline, over a substantial period of tailbud embryogenesis, and therefore lend further insight into how, and for how long, the midline maintains a L versus R status in the LPM.
Results from the STAR Beam Energy Scan Program

Abstract The main aim of the beam energy scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) is to explore the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. The specific physics goal is to search for the phase boundary and the QCD critical point. We present results from Au+Au collisions at various energies collected in the BES program by the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR) experiment. First results on transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra, d N / d y , and average transverse mass ( 〈 m T 〉 ) for identified hadrons produced at mid-rapidity for s N N = 7.7 GeV are presented. Centrality dependence of d N / d y and 〈 p T 〉 are also discussed and compared to corresponding data from other energies. In addition, first results on charged hadron directed ( v 1 ) and elliptic flow ( v 2 ) for s N N = 7.7 , 11.5 and 39 GeV are presented. New results on event-by-event fluctuations (particle ratio, net-proton and net-charge higher moments) are presented for s N N = 39 GeV .
Photo-activation of Resin Cements through Porcelain Veneers

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of porcelain opacity, chemical catalyst, and exposure time on polymerization of light-activated resin-composite cements. Samples of microfill and hybrid composites, with and without catalyst (i.e., dual-cure and visible-light-activated), were polymerized by exposure to visible light through porcelain discs of different opacities. Microhardness testing (KHN) was used to compare degree of cure for each material at various exposure times. Porcelain opacity did not significantly affect hardness. However, the results indicated that a chemical catalyst and prolonged curing times might be essential for clinical success.
Small-Molecule Triggers of Tadpole Metamorphosis

Small molecules that function as highly selective agonists and antagonists of cellular receptors comprise some of the most valuable therapeutic agents and molecular probes. A recent paper describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of CO23, the first potent and specific agonist of thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TRα), a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. Together with previously reported TRβ-selective agonists such as GC-1, these compounds represent powerful new tools for studying gene expression, signaling, differentiation, and development controlled by this important NR.
Ultra-trace analysis of illicit drugs from transfer of an electrostatic lift

This article introduces a method of collecting and analysing drug residues that integrates both electrostatic lifting and nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization mass spectrometry. The application of this hyphenated technique exhibits a useful means of collection and extraction of drug residues with ease and efficiency along with decreased limits of detection. From this method, it will be shown how increased sensitivity of analysis and lower limits of detection for drug analysis can be achieved. The same principles that allow lifting of dust prints by electrostatic lifting can be applied to lifting drug residues. Probing of the drug residues by nanomanipulation occurs directly from the lift, which provides a great platform for extraction. Nanomanipulation-coupled to nanospray ionization-mass spectrometry has been used for the extraction of trace analytes in previous experiments and is known as a very sensitive technique for the detection of ultra-trace residue. This method will demonstrate the electrostatic lifting of drug residue particles from a surface followed by extraction and ionization with nanomanipulation-nanospray ionization. The utility of this novel methodology allows for a more productive analysis when presented with ultra-trace amounts of sample.
Retroperitoneal lymphangioma: an unusual location and presentation

A 10-year-old girl with an unremarkable prior medical history was brought to the emergency department with progressively increasing abdominal pain and distension for 1 day. The child developed right-sided abdominal pain after falling while water skiing 2 days before her admission. The patient’s vital signs were within normal limits. Laboratory findings were remarkable, for a hematocrit level of 30.8%. The chest radiograph was unremarkable. The abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan with oral and intravenous contrast demonstrated a low-attenuation 6.8 8.8-cm mass with faint septations that extended from the lateral aspect of the right lobe of the liver to the pelvis. The lesion gently displaced the right colon anteriorly andmedially and conformed to the outline of the colon without causing an extrinsic mass effect on the bowel (Fig. 1). There was adenopathy in the small bowel mesentery that raised concern for lymphoma. Ultrasound revealed a large multiseptated mass with interspersed areas of increased echogenicity
Decoherence Bounds on Quantum Computation with Trapped Ions

Using simple physical arguments we investigate the capabilities of a quantum computer based on cold trapped ions. From the limitations imposed on such a device by spontaneous decay, laser phase coherence, ion heating, and other sources of error, we derive a bound between the number of laser interactions and the number of ions that may be used. The largest number which may be factored using a variety of species of ion is determined.
Synthesis and cellular characterization of the detransformation agent, (−)-depudecin

Abstract Background : (−)-Depudecin is a fungal metabolite that reverts the rounded phenotype of NIH3T3 fibroblasts transformed with v- ras and v- src oncogenes to the flat phenotype of the nontransformed parental cells. The mechanism of action of this detransformation agent is unknown. Although depudecin appears to be an excellent molecule for probing signaling pathways that regulate changes in the cytoskeletal architecture, reagents based on depudecin are not available as it has not yet been successfully synthesized. We therefore set out to synthesize (−)-depudecin. Results : An asymmetric synthesis of (−)-depudecin has been developed. A cell staining assay has been used to reveal the ability of synthetic depudecin, but not several structural variants, to induce a flattened morphology in v-Ha- ras -transformed NlH3T3 cells.This assay also shows that depudecin induces an intricate network of actin stress fibers in these cells and in MG63 osteosarcoma cells and reveals the essential role of the epoxide and hydroxyl moieties in depudecin. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited the ability of depudecin to induce a morphological change, suggesting that both mRNA synthesis and de novo protein synthesis are required for depudecin-mediated suppression of the transformed phenotypes in ras -transformed cells. Conclusions : The synthetic procedure provides access to (−)-depudecin and could be readily modified to produce depudecin-related reagents for the identification of depudecin's cellular target(s). This target appears to be involved in the regulation of the assembly of the actin microfilament component of the cytoskeleton in mammalian cells.
A photoaffinity analogue of discodermolide specifically labels a peptide in β-tubulin

Discodermolide is a potentially important antitumor agent that stabilizes microtubules and blocks cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in a manner similar to that of Taxol. Discodermolide also has unique properties that distinguish it from Taxol. In the present study, photoaffinity-labeled discodermolide analogues are used to investigate their binding site in tubulin. Three photoaffinity-labeled discodermolide analogues were synthesized, all of which promoted microtubule polymerization in the absence of GTP. The analogue, C19-[4-(4-3H-benzoyl-phenyl)-carbamate]-discodermolide (C19-[3H]BPC-discodermolide), was selected for photolabeling studies because it had the highest extent of photoincorporation, ∼1%, of the three radiolabeled discodermolide analogues explored. Although compared to discodermolide, C19-BPC-discodermolide revealed no hypernucleation effect in the in vitro microtubule polymerization assay, it was more cytotoxic than discodermolide, and, like discodermolide, demonstrated synergism wit...
Clinical predictors of nocturia in the sleep apnea population.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate clinical predictors of nocturia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: In retrospective manner, a total of 200 patients with OSA were randomly included. Group I contained 100 patients with OSA and no nocturia, and Group II included 100 patients with OSA and nocturia. Bivariate logistic analyses were used to identify variables most likely to contribute to nocturia. Multivariate logistic regression of age, waist circumference, STOP score (Snore, Tired, Obstruction and Pressure), and Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was performed to evaluate predictors of nocturia. Statistical significance was defined as P0 Results: Median nocturia episodes were 2.2 in Group II. Patients were younger in Group I, with a mean age of 45 vs 50 years (P = 0.008). Mean BMI of 30 was similar in both groups, but there were more overweight patients in Group II (28% vs 18%). AHI approached significance between groups-18 vs 23 in group I and II, respectively (P = 0.071). In multivariate analysis, age over 70 years and moderate AHI were statistically significant predictors of nocturia (coefficients 0.6 and -0.2 with P = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusions: This study identifies age and AHI score as predictors of nocturia in patients with OSA. This may indicate the usefulness of incorporating nocturia in the screening of patients with OSA. Future studies are needed to further evaluate mechanism of action, clinical significance, and effect of treatment for nocturia in patients with OSA.
Implications for a spatially discrete transition amplitude in the twin-slit experiment

A discrete path integral formalism is used to obtain the transition amplitude between 'sources' (slits and detector) in the twin-slit experiment of quantum mechanics. This method explicates the normally tacit construct of dynamic entities with temporal duration. The resulting amplitude is compared to that of standard wave mechanics in order to relate 'source' dynamics and spatial separation. The implied metric embodies non-separability, in stark contrast to the metric of general relativity. Thus, this approach may have implications for quantum gravity.
Discourse Complexity of College Writers With and Without Disabilities A Multidimensional Analysis

The purpose of this study was to examine specific word- and sentence-level features most frequently used in the expository writing of four groups of college writers. Three groups were writers who demonstrated disabilities. Group 1 students (n = 87) demonstrated learning disabilities (LD); Group 2 (n = 50), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and Group 3 (n = 58), combined LD and ADHD. Group 4 consisted of writers with no history of a documented disability (n = 92). Computer-based analysis and structural equation modeling were used to group specific linguistic features identified in the expository essays across all four groups. The frequency of linguistic features, not errors, was analyzed. Four communication dimensions (factors) were identified for the four groups of writers, but the factor loadings and correlations were significantly different across groups. Furthermore, the relationships of specific linguistic features were studied as to their impact on the verbosity, quality, and lexical c...
On the optimality of rank order operations

With the aid of the threshold decomposition, rank order filters are shown to be the optimal filters under a general error criterion which includes an absolute error criterion. The particular rank order filter that is optimal is specified by a linear program. The technique developed in this paper extends to an entire class of nonlinear filters known as stack filters [5].
Bacterial heme-transport proteins and their heme-coordination modes.

Efficient iron acquisition is critical for an invading microbe’s survival and virulence. Most of the iron in mammals is incorporated into heme, which can be plundered by certain bacterial pathogens as a nutritional iron source. Utilization of exogenous heme by bacteria involves the binding of heme or hemoproteins to the cell surface receptors, followed by the transport of heme into cells. Once taken into the cytosol, heme is presented to heme oxygenases where the tetrapyrrole ring is cleaved in order to release the iron. Some Gram-negative bacteria also secrete extracellular heme-binding proteins called hemophores, which function to sequester heme from the environment. The heme-transport genes are often genetically linked as gene clusters under Fur (ferric uptake regulator) regulation. This review discusses the gene clusters and proteins involved in bacterial heme acquisition, transport and processing processes, with special focus on the heme-coordination, protein structures and mechanisms underlying heme-transport.
Fully loaded micromotors for combinatorial delivery and autonomous release of cargoes.

Integrating functional self-propelled Zinc micromotors are created by coup­ling electrodeposition with hard dual-templating synthesis. The micromotors concurrently possess four robust functions including a remarkably high loading capacity, combinatorial delivery of cargoes, autonomous release of encapsulated payloads, and self-destruction. This concept could be expanded to simultaneous encapsulation of various payloads for different functionalities such as therapy, diagnostics, and imaging.
Neuroligin-1-dependent competition regulates cortical synaptogenesis and synapse number

Members of the neuroligin family of cell-adhesion proteins are found at excitatory and inhibitory synapses and are mutated in some familial forms of autism spectrum disorders. Although they display synaptogenic properties in heterologous systems, the function of neuroligins in vivo in the regulation of synapse formation and synapse number has been difficult to establish. We found that neuroligin-1 (NL1), which is located at excitatory postsynaptic densities, regulates activity-dependent synaptogenesis and mature synapse number on cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in vivo. However, synapse number was not sensitive to absolute NL1 levels but instead depended on transcellular differences in the relative amounts of NL1. These effects were independent of the cell-autonomous regulation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors by absolute levels of NL1. Our data indicate that transcellular competitive processes govern synapse formation and number in developing cortex and that NL1 has a central function in these processes.
Classroom Management Self-Efficacy and Burnout: A Multivariate Meta-analysis

Like many in the human services professions, teachers are susceptible to the feelings of burnout due to their job demands, as well as interactions with students, colleagues, administrators, and parents. Many studies have identified teacher burnout as one of the crucial components influencing teacher attrition. It has been suggested that self-efficacy is a protective factor against burnout. By way of multivariate meta-analysis, we examined the evidence for classroom management self-efficacy (CMSE) in relation to the three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and (lowered) personal accomplishment. Results from sixteen studies indicate that there is a significant relationship between classroom management self-efficacy and the three dimensions of burnout, suggesting that teachers with higher levels of CMSE are less likely to experience the feelings of burnout. Practical implications, as well recommendations for future research, are discussed.
The Internet Educational Tool in the Global Marketing Classroom

The Internet offers a powerful educational delivery tool in the global marketing classroom. This article introduces educators to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet in the global marketing classroom. These methods, which have been used by the authors, will have a direct impact on international business student learning.
Algebraic reconstruction techniques can be made computationally efficient (positron emission tomography application)

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) are iterative procedures for recovering objects from their projections. It is claimed that by a careful adjustment of the order in which the collected data are accessed during the reconstruction procedure and of the so-called relaxation parameters that are to be chosen in an algebraic reconstruction technique, ART can produce high-quality reconstructions with excellent computational efficiency. This is demonstrated by an example based on a particular (but realistic) medical imaging task, showing that ART can match the performance of the standard expectation-maximization approach for maximizing likelihood (from the point of view of that particular medical task), but at an order of magnitude less computational cost. >
The use of dinoflagellate bioluminescence to characterize cell stimulation in bioreactors.

Bioluminescent dinoflagellates are flow-sensitive marine organisms that produce light emission almost instantaneously upon stimulation by fluid shear in a shear stress dose-dependent manner. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that monitoring bioluminescence by suspended dinoflagellates can be used as a tool to characterize cellular response to hydrodynamic forces in agitated bioreactors. Specific studies were performed to determine: (1) impeller configurations with minimum cell activation, (2) correlations of cellular response and an integrated shear factor, and (3) the effect of rapid acceleration in agitation. Results indicated that (1) at a volumetric mass transfer coefficient of 3 x 10(-4) s(-1), marine impeller configurations were less stimulatory than Rushton configurations, (2) bioluminescence response and a modified volumetric integrated shear factor had an excellent correlation, and (3) rapid acceleration in agitation was highly stimulatory, suggesting a profound effect of temporal gradients in shear in increasing cell stimulation. By using bioluminescence stimulation as an indicator of agitation-induced cell stimulation and/or damage in microcarrier cultures, the present study allows for the verification of hypotheses and development of novel mechanisms of cell damage in bioreactors.
The invisible node attack revisited

Route security is vital to MANET operation and reliability. If a malicious host can inject itself into the routing path or alter the routing path, route security has failed. In this paper we focus on the invisible node attack (INA), an important, unsolved wireless network attack. We provide an INA formal definition and show why proposed solutions throughout the literature have not eliminated this critical attack. Since there is no existing INA solution, we provide a discussion on its potential impacts on ad hoc routing protocols.
Compiler assisted fault detection for distributed-memory systems

Distributed-memory systems provide the most promising performance to cost ratio for multiprocessor computers due to their scalability. However the issues of fault detection and fault tolerance are critical in such systems since the probability of having faulty components increases with the number of processors. We propose a methodology for fault detection through compiler support. More specifically, we augment the single-program multiple-data (SPMD) execution model to duplicate selected data items in such a way that during execution, whenever a value of a duplicated data is computed, the owners of the data are tested. The proposed compiler assisted fault detection technique does not require any specialized hardware and allows for a selective choice of redundancy at compile time. >
Program Behavior and the Performance of Interleaved Memories

One of the major factors influencing the performance of an interleaved memory system is the behavior of the request sequence, but this is normally ignored. This paper examines this issue. Using trace driven simulations it is shown that the commonly used assumption, that each request is independently and equally likely to be to any module, is not valid. The duality of memory interference with paging behavior is noted and this suggests the use of the least-recently used stack model to model program behavior. Simulations indicate that this model is reasonably accurate. An accurate, though approximate, expression for the bandwidth is derived based upon this model.
COMBINING GENETIC AND ECOLOGICAL DATA TO ESTIMATE SEA TURTLE ORIGINS

Many species of sea turtles spend part of their life cycle gathered in large feeding aggregations that combine individuals from widely separated rookery populations. Biologists have applied methods of mixed-stock analysis to mitochondrial DNA samples from rookeries and mixed populations to estimate the contributions of different rookeries to the mixed stock. These methods are limited by the amount of genetic overlap between rookeries and fail to incorporate ecological covariates such as rookery size and location within major ocean currents that are strongly suspected to affect rookery contributions. A new hierarchical Bayesian model for rookery contributions incorporates these covariates (and potentially others) to draw stronger conclusions from existing data. Applying the model to various simple scenarios shows that, in some cases, it can accurately estimate turtle origins even when turtles come from rookeries with high degrees of genetic overlap. Applying the model to more complex simulations shows that it performs well in a wide range of scenarios. Applying the model to existing data on green turtles ( Chelonia mydas) narrows confidence intervals but does not change point estimates significantly. Applying it to loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) strengthens the dominance of the large rookery in south Florida, and brings estimates from a small data set on sea turtle strandings into line with those from rookery data. Used appropriately, hierarchical Bayesian methods offer great potential for introducing multiple levels of variation and ecological covariates into ecological models.
Public Goods Provision in an Experimental Environment

[Introduction] The problem of public goods provision has been central to many areas of economics. The traditional economic models, resting on assumptions about nonexcludability and single-period behavior, led directly to a prediction that social decision processes which rely upon voluntary individual payment for the provision of public goods cannot work [see, for example, Feldman ( 1980)]. According to such models people will not voluntarily pay. Because the profit incentive cannot operate naturally to induce supply in an ordinary market setting, public goods serve as a classic model of market failure and exist as the foundation for many modern theories of government.
Depression and the melancholic temperament

We examine how depression relates to two broad affective dispositions which we call ‘Negative Temperament’ and ‘Positive Temperament’. Depressed individuals characteristically display a particular combination of these traits (high Negative/low Positive Temperament), which also defines the traditional ‘melancholic’ type. Other evidence, however, suggests that this pattern is not unique to depression, but may also characterize other types of disorder: high Negative Temperament, in particular, appears to be nonsignificantly associated with distress-based psychopathology. Finally, we review data indicating that the etiology of these relations is highly complex. Specifically, it appears that (i) temperament influences the development and course of depression; (ii) depressive episodes can lead to significant changes in temperament, some of which may be permanent; and (iii) temperament and depression may reflect, in part, a common genetic diathesis.
Pluralism and Reasonable Disagreement

Liberalism is a distinctively modern political conception. Only in modern times do we find, as the object of both systematic reflection and widespread allegiance and institutionalization, the idea that the principles of political association, being coercive, should be justifiable to all whom they are to bind. And so only here do we find the idea that these principles should rest, so far as possible, on a core, minimal morality which reasonable people can share, given their expectably divergent religious convictions and conceptions of the meaning of life. No longer does it seem evident—as it did, let us say, before the seventeenth century—that the aim of political association must be to bring man into harmony with God's purposes or to serve some comprehensive vision of the good life. The causes of this transformation are various, and not all of them lie at the level of moral principle. But a change in moral consciousness has certainly been one of the factors involved. As Hegel observed, modern culture is inherently a reflective one: notions of principle are essential to our self-understanding and thus to the stability of the social forms in which we participate. Modern culture has no room for a dichotomy between “in principle” and “in practice.” It is worth determining, then, what new moral conceptions have been responsible for the emergence of modern liberalism. Not only will we thereby better understand how we have become who we are, we will also have a surer grasp of the principles that sustain our political life.
The ocean engineering design and marine field projects courses at Florida Tech

The ocean engineering design and marine field projects (MFP) courses at Florida Tech are a unique combination of classroom, laboratory, and field work. These two one-semester courses provide the upper-level comprehensive engineering design content required by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). In addition, the MFP course also provides at-sea field work experience during a one-week offshore research cruise on the R/V Delphinus, Florida Tech's 20-meter ocean-going research vessel. Unlike most university undergraduate engineering curricula in the United States, the senior-level engineering design course is taken in the spring semester of the junior year instead of the fall term of the senior year, with the construction of the design during the following summer term (instead of the following spring term). This allows the students to devote 100% of their efforts to the construction of their project during the summer term, without having to take additional courses during that term. Many additional benefits result from the ocean engineering design and MFP courses at Florida Tech. These include the design and construction of equipment that can be used at Florida Tech for teaching and research, participation by students in international competitions, press coverage of many of the projects, and industry support of some of the student projects. The Division of Marine and Environmental Systems at Florida Tech is continually exploring improvements and additions to these courses, which are the capstone courses in the ocean engineering program.
Optimal suspension design with microcomputerized parameter optimizing damping

The problem of vibration isolation is investigated from the standpoint of modern control and optimization theory. The proposed suspension design was verified experimentally by means of a micromputerized suspension model. The experimental results are very encouraging and indicate promising potential application of the proposed scheme to real-world systems. This paper describes the modeling and formulation of an optimal suspension design and the implementation aspects of the proposed microcomputerized optimal suspension scheme.
Historical Perspectives on Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits

The principal highlights in the early history of electromagnetic guided waves are reviewed first, in order to show when and why hollow pipes were proposed and built as guiding structures for microwaves. The paper then develops the transition from that elemental form to modern-day microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits, including the competition between strip line and microstrip line, by combining the underlying physical principles with historical developments and anecdotes. The paper concludes by proposing that the development of microwave integrated circuits be viewed in terms of three stages, corresponding simultaneously to time periods and to the types of solutions required to characterize the circuit performance.
Serviceability of Composites Surface Damages

Characterization of surface damage of composites is an important step in serviceability and maintenance considerations for many composite structures. Herein we treat the worst configuration of surface damages in the form of a partial through scratch (or crack). A rigorous characterization of a damage of this type requires three-dimensional stress analyses which are necessarily complex in either analytical form or finite-element calculation. As an alternative, we proposed an analytical model wherein the form of the stress distribution is assumed with suitable parameters to be evaluated by force and moment equilibrium. The salient feature of this model is that the complex stress distribution (on the cross-sectional area of interest) is partitioned or zoned by appealing to physical reasoning. The stress components within these zones are represented by power function distributions. The result is an analytical model, sufficiently tractable to be useful for interactive design and sufficiently accurate to correlate experimental observation both quantitatively and qualitatively for several graphite-epoxy laminates and configurations of current interest.
Laparoscopic rescue after tubal anastomosis failure

Laparoscopic rescue after tubal anastomosis failure is reported for the first time. The patient was a 33 year old woman sterilized by Pomeroy's method. Reconstruction of fertility was achieved by mini-laparotomy with isthmo-isthmic end-to-end anastomosis of bilateral tubes. Unfortunately, the patient did not become pregnant and tubal occlusion was diagnosed 6 months later by hysterosalpingography. Laparoscopic rescue with repeat isthmic-ampullary anastomosis and adhesiolysis was performed. Post-operatively, the patient had one menstruation and then achieved an intrauterine pregnancy. Instead of in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer, laparoscopic rescue may be an alternative option for the patient with failed anastomosis.
Differences in Error Detection Skills by Band and Choral Preservice Teachers

Band and choral preservice teachers (N = 44) studied band and choral scores, listened to recordings of school ensembles, and identified errors in the recordings. Results indicated that preservice teachers identified significantly more errors when listening to recordings of their primary area (band majors listening to band, p = .045; choral majors listening to chorus, p = .012). Furthermore, band majors identified rhythm errors more frequently than pitch errors when listening to both types of ensembles, while chorus majors listened predominantly for pitch errors. A significant correlation existed between choral majors’ ability to detect pitch errors in choral recordings and their ability to detect pitch errors in band recordings (r = .556). Theory course grades were not significantly correlated to error detection abilities, but aural skills course grades were related to ability to identify pitch errors outside the primary area (band majors, r = .441; choral majors, r = .611).
Simultaneous determination of DMF and DMA in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography

Objective To establish a method for measuring the amount of dimethylformamide( DMF) and dimethylacetamide( DMA) in the workplace air with silicone tube,by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods The air samples of DMF and DMA were quantitatively detected by the method of external standard after a series of handle steps:collected with silicone tube first,and then desorbed with pure water,separated with a Eclipse Plus C18 column and tested with a diode matrix detector. Results For DMF and DMA,the standard curve showed a good linear relationship under the mass concentration of 20. 00-400. 00 mg / L( correlation coefficient = 0. 999 7 or 0. 999 9); the air samples were calculated according to 3. 0 L,the minimum detection concentration were 0. 03 and 0. 05 mg / m3 respectively. Both the within-run and between-run precisions were all less then 5. 0%,and the average value of adding standard recovery accounted for 99. 0%-99. 6% and 99. 6%-100. 2% respectively,and the sampling efficiency accounted for 98. 2%-100. 0% and 97. 4%-100. 0% respectively,penetrating capacity were 10. 2 and 9. 9 mg respectively,and the desorption efficiency accounted for93. 0%-96. 9% and 94. 0%-98. 5% respectively. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 7 days.Conclusion With higher sensitivity,good precision and strong determination,this method is more suitable for detecting DMF and DMA in the workplace air.
Biologic reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Preliminary experimental analysis and clinical application in a neonate with type I truncus arteriosus.

A unique concept of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction is presented. Application of this concept, employing a glutaraldehyde-preserved heterograft mitral valve leaflet mounted directly to the right ventricle, was studied in six immature goat models. Interval evaluation of these models demonstrated no significant outflow tract obstruction or aneurysm. Only one animal had significant pulmonary outflow regurgitation angiographically at the time of sacrifice. All heterograft valve leaflets showed a degree of calcification and/or retraction directly related to the time interval between implant and sacrifice. Encouraging early results were obtained with this method of pulmonary outflow tract reconstruction in a 2,400 gram neonate with type I truncus arteriosus.
Student Perceptions of Autonomy-Supportive Instructional Interactions in the Middle Grades

ABSTRACTAutonomy support in classrooms is believed to coordinate students' inner motivational resources in ways that enhance student engagement (e.g., Jang, Kim, & Reeve, 2012). Yet, to our knowledge, no study has investigated student-generated interpretations of the motivational significance of their teachers' autonomy-supportive practices. Interpretations gathered from students' responses to video clips of their own teacher were studied with a diverse sample of students (N = 59, 50.8% male, 64.4% African American) in six urban classrooms from fourth- to eighth-grade class sections. Through this method of cued video response, we explore whether or not students experience the significance of autonomy-supportive instructional events or interactions as motivational theory predicts. Our results suggest that consideration of the social and relational features of the classrooms within which teachers enact autonomy support may identify influential contextual factors relevant to how and why autonomy support is l...
Location of Mining Claims

Location is the series of acts by which a locator appropriates a portion of the public mineral lands and establishes his right to exploit it to the exclusion of all others. There are four basic steps to the location procedure: (1) discovery of a valuable mineral deposit, (2) marking the boundaries of the claim on the ground, (3) posting and recording the location notice, and (4) discovery work in some states. If the locator is an individual, he must be a citizen of the United States or he must have declared his intention to become a citizen. If the locator is a corporation, the corporation must be organized under the laws of the United States or one of the 50 states. Agents are allowed to make locations for qualified locators.