cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impotence and Suing for Sex in Eighteenth-Century England

Objectives To explore the individual and social experiences and meanings of impotence in 18th-century England. Methods Close reading and period contextualization of various primary source records about impotence, including legal documents from lawsuits for nullity of marriage by reason of impotence, bestselling medical texts, and cheap pornographic pamphlets was done. Results Contemporary, humoral and mechanical medicine and physiology characterized impotence by various etiologies and patient presentations. This left room for laymen, and especially women, to diagnose and interpret the condition according to their own devices. A matter of public, as well as private, concern, impotence carried with it the meanings of failed masculinity, neglected civic responsibility, foreignness, and Catholicism. Conclusions Impotence in 18th-century England served as a catch-all diagnosis for sexual dysfunction and a vehicle through which to address anxieties about the stability of patriarchal power, female deceit, religion, and politics. Today, medicine, physiology, and the disease itself are very different, but the individual and social meanings of impotence remain influential and worthy of consideration.
Post-Silicon Validation of the IBM POWER8 Processor

The post-silicon validation phase in a processor's design life cycle is geared towards finding all remaining bugs in the system. It is, in fact, our last opportunity to find functional and electrical bugs in the design before shipping it to customers.In this paper, we provide a high-level overview of the methodology and technologies put into use as part of the POWER8 post-silicon functional validation phase. We describe the results and list the primary factors that contributed to this highly successful bring-up.
Cinchona Alkaloids Tethered on Porous Silica as Enantioselective Heterogeneous Catalysts

Cinchonidine, a naturally occurring cinchona alkaloid, was tethered to a high-surface-area silica substrate in order to create a new solid chiral catalyst. Two synthetic routes were explored for this grafting, relying on the use of an intermediate linker and so-called “click” chemistry. Both routes proved viable, but the procedure where cinchonidine is first derivatized with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTEOS) at the alcohol position and the resulting product then anchored to the silica surface was deemed the most efficient. Bonding to the surface occurs via the formation of Si–O–Si bonds, on average two out of the three possible per cinchonidine, and takes place preferentially at silica surface sites with two geminal hydroxyl groups on the same silicon atom. Approximately 10% of the available OH surface groups are derivatized in this procedure. The resulting catalyst was successfully tested for the addition of aromatic thiols to unsaturated ketones, a reaction promoted by amines (the tertiary quinuclidine nitrogen atom in the case of cinchonidine). The activity of the supported cinchonidine proved comparable to that of the free molecule, but tethering does lead to a significant loss in enantioselectivity.
Label exposure and recall among detroit metropolitan women

Abstract This study examines exposure to the alcoholic beverage warning label among a sample of 1,107 Detroit area women in 1995. The analysis was conducted at two levels: 1) What are the predictors of label exposure? and 2) Once exposed to the label, what are the predictors of correct knowledge of the warning message? Thirty-nine percent of all women (59% of drinkers) saw the warning label in the past year. Predictors of label exposure included age and frequency of drinking. Among women who saw the warning label, only 25% correctly identified all three messages on the warning label. Women were less likely to know the wording on the warning label if they were older, infrequent drinkers, did not binge drink. The results suggest that exposure to the warning label is limited among certain subgroups of women, and additional prevention efforts are needed to warn these women of the dangers of alcohol use.
Competition in the formation of ion–neutral complexes. Expulsion of methane from the molecular ion of acetamide

An ion-neutral complex is a non-covalently bonded aggregate of an ion with one or more neutral molecules in which at least one the partners rotates freely (or nearly so) in all directions. A density-of-states model is described, which calculates the proportion of ion-neutral complex formation that ought to accompany simple bond cleavages of molecular ions. Application of this model to the published mass spectrum of acetamide predicts the occurrence of ions that have not hiberto been reported. Relative intensities on the order of 0.1 (where the abundance of the most intense fragment ion=1) are predicted for [M−HO] + and [M−CH 4 ] +. ions, which have the same nominal masses as the proeminent [M−NH 3 ] +. and [M−NH 2 ] + fragments. High-resolution mass spectrometry experiments confirm the presence of the predicted fragment ions. The [M−HO] + and [M−CH 4 ] +. fragments were observed with relative abundances of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Differences between theory and experiment may be ascribed to effects of competing distonic ion pathways
Increases in cerebrospinal fluid caffeine concentration are associated with favorable outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in humans

Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive drug and a weak adenosine receptor antagonist, can be neuroprotective or neurotoxic depending on the experimental model or neurologic disorder. However, its contribution to pathophysiology and outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans is undefined. We assessed serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of caffeine and its metabolites (theobromine, paraxanthine, and theophylline) by high-pressure liquid chromatography/ultraviolet in 97 ventricular CSF samples from an established bank, from 30 adults with severe TBI. We prospectively selected a threshold caffeine level of > or = 1 micromol/L (194 ng/mL) as clinically significant. Demographics, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, admission blood alcohol level, and 6-month dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score were assessed. Mean time from injury to initial CSF sampling was 10.77+/-3.13 h. On initial sampling, caffeine was detected in 24 of 30 patients, and the threshold was achieved in 9 patients. Favorable GOS was seen more often in patients with CSF caffeine concentration > or = versus or = versus < the threshold. Increases in CSF concentrations of the caffeine metabolites theobromine and paraxanthine were also associated with favorable outcome (P=0.018 and 0.056, respectively). Caffeine and its metabolites are commonly detected in CSF in patients with severe TBI and in an exploratory assessment are associated with favorable outcome. We speculate that caffeine may be neuroprotective by long-term upregulation of adenosine A1 receptors or acute inhibition of A2a receptors.
Practical Compress-Forward in User Cooperation: Wyner-Ziv Cooperation

A novel user cooperation scheme, termed Wyner-Ziv cooperation, is proposed as generalization of Slepian-Wolf cooperation and a solid example for compress-forward. After motivating the idea, we present the framework of Wyner-Ziv cooperation and discuss the technical details including input/output relationships for a soft (BCJR) decoder, the cooperative strategy, quantizer optimization technologies, and an modified BCJR decoding algorithm. The gains observed in the computer simulations, up to 11.5 dB for the source-relay outage case and 3.5 dB on average, a strong testimony that it is not only feasible but also beneficial to exploit Wyner-Ziv coding in user cooperation.
Inhaled ICI 204,219 Blocks Antigen-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Subjects With Bronchial Asthma

Three inhalation formulations of ICI 204,219 were compared for antagonism of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in 16 subjects with asthma who demonstrated reproducible hypersensitivity to allergen during screening challenges. Each subject received a single 0.2-mg dose of each formulation and was challenged with ragweed 30 min after administration of ICI 204,219 until the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decreased by 20 percent or the maximum allergen concentration (100 νg/ml) was reached. The majority of subjects tolerated 100 µg/ml of allergen without a 20 percent decrease in FEV1. Inhalation formulations of ICI 204,219 successfully inhibited bronchoconstriction in subjects with reproducible sensitivity to ragweed challenges.
Men’s Health and Fatherhood in the Urban Midwestern United States

A sample of U.S. urban fathers was studied using in-depth qualitative interviews to better understand how having children might influence the fathers’ health and health behaviors. Over three-quarters of the men reported positive changes to their health behaviors since becoming fathers. The specific examples cited as positive changes by fathers included; positive changes in diet, increased frequency of exercise and physical activity, taking better care of themselves in general, decreased alcohol use, and less risk-taking behavior. A key shift is also identified in men’s perspectives around the transition to fatherhood. Recommendations are provided to clinicians who seek to design interventions that reengage men in the health care system and caring for their health.
Comparison of Partial (.6 mg/kg) versus Full-Dose (.9 mg/kg) Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Followed by Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen (rt-PA) and intraarterial (IA) interventions are often combined. However, the optimal dose of IV rt-PA preceding endovascular treatment has not been established. METHODS Studies that used combined IV and IA thrombolysis were identified from a search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. We compared the rates of angiographic recanalization, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and favorable functional outcome between patients who had been treated with .6 mg/kg IV rt-PA and those who had received .9 mg/kg rt-PA. RESULTS Eleven studies met our criteria. In 7 studies, .6 mg/kg IV rt-PA had been administered to 317 patients, whereas 140 patients in 4 studies had received .9 mg/kg of IV rt-PA. The weighted mean of median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at presentation was 18.3 in the .6 mg/kg group (median range 9-34), and 17.3 in the .9 mg/kg group (median range 4-39). Patients in the .9 mg/kg group had higher rates of favorable outcome [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.07-2.40), P= .022] and similar rates of sICH [OR = .86 (95% CI .41-1.83), P= .70]. Depending on the statistics used, the higher angiographic recanalization rate among patients treated with .9 mg/kg was significant (P= .03, events/trial syntax logistic regression) or borderline significant (P= .07, random effects model). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that using .9 mg/kg IV rt-PA prior to IA thrombolysis is safe and may be associated with higher recanalization rates and better functional outcome at 3 months.
X-ray-scattering study of capillary-wave fluctuations at a liquid surface.

A study of the scattering of x rays from the liquid-vapor interface of ethanol at room temperature is reported and compared in detail to predictions based on standard continuum capillary-wave theory. Quantitative agreement is obtained and, in particular, the asymptotic power laws in the diffuse scattering characteristic of the algebraic decay of the density-fluctuation correlations at the surface are verified. The root-mean-square fluctuation of the liquid surface is obtained as 6.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 \AA{}.
Scarless skin wound healing in FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice is associated with distinctive matrix metalloproteinase expression

Similar to mammalian fetuses FOXN1 deficient (nude) mice are able to restore the structure and integrity of injured skin in a scarless healing process by mechanisms independent of the genetic background. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for regular skin wound healing and the distinctive pattern of their expression has been implicated to promote scarless healing. In this study, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these molecules during the incisional skin wounds in adult nude mice. Macroscopic and histological analyses of skin wounds revealed an accelerated wound healing process, minimal granulation tissue formation and markedly diminished scarring in nude mice. Quantitative RT-PCR (Mmp-2, -3, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -14 and Timp-1, -2, -3), Western blots (MMP-13) and gelatin zymography (MMP-9) revealed that MMP-9 and MMP-13 showed a unique, bimodal pattern of up-regulation during the early and late phases of wound healing in nude mice. Immunohistochemically MMP-9 and MMP-13 were generally detected in epidermis during the early phase and in dermis during the late (remodeling) phase. Consistent with these in vivo observations, dermal fibroblasts cultured from nude mice expressed higher levels of types I and III collagen, MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA levels and higher MMP enzyme activity than wild type controls. Collectively, these finding suggest that the bimodal pattern of MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression during skin repair process in nude mice could be a major component of their ability for scarless healing.
An efficient, three-dimensional, anisotropic, fractional Brownian motion and truncated fractional Levy motion simulation algorithm based on successive random additions

Fluid flow and solute transport in the subsurface are known to be strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of aquifers. To simulate aquifer properties, such as logarithmic hydraulic conductivity (ln(K)) variations, fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and truncated fractional Levy motion (fLm) were suggested previously. In this paper, an efficient three-dimensional successive random additions (SRA) algorithm is presented to construct spatial ln(K) distributions. A convenient conditioning procedure using the inverse-distance-weighting method as a data interpolator, which forces the generated fBm or truncated fLm realization to go through known data points, is included also. The proposed method coded in the FORTRAN language, and a complementary code for verifying fractal structure in fBm realizations based on dispersional analysis, are validated carefully through numerical tests. These software packages allow one to go beyond the stationary stochastic process hydrology of the 1980s to the new geo-statistics of non-stationary stochastic processes with stationary increments, as embodied by the stochastic fractals fBm, fLm and their associated increments fGn and fLn.
Pyrethroid Insecticide Transport into Monterey Bay Through Riverine Suspended Solids

Pyrethroid pesticides are used widely in both agricultural and urban landscapes. Toxicity has been recorded in creeks and rivers throughout California, confirming that pyrethroids move at least short distances from the areas of terrestrial application into downstream waterways. However, their further downstream transport into the marine ecosystem has received little study. The Monterey Bay was chosen as the study system in the current project due to the close proximity of both urban centers and intense agriculture. Suspended sediments were sampled from three major rivers during storm events and showed that pyrethroids were routinely discharged from these coastal rivers, with concentrations of bifenthrin and permethrin in suspended solids of 22 and 83 ng/g, respectively. These suspended solids were deposited in estuaries and downstream reaches of rivers as they approached the coast where concentrations of pyrethroids in the sediment were greater than those expected to be toxic. However, despite their transport onto the continental shelf, pyrethroid residues were not detected in bed sediments of the shelf or in the nearby deep sea canyon, presumably due to dilution and degradation.
Behavioral and neurological comparisons of neonates born to mothers of differing social environments.

Sixty newborn infants, 30 born to parents of middle to upper-middle socioeconomic status and 30 born to parents of limited personal-social resources, were assessed on theNeonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Although no difference between groups was found in motor and neurological status, data from this study did indicate that the prenatal factors, having no obvious physiological base, associated with the parental social environment, may affect the newborn's behavioral outcome.
SUBSTANTIAL VARIABILITY BETWEEN LABORATORIES IN TROPONIN DECISION LEVEL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND ASSAY 99TH PERCENTILE: FINDINGS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF COMPARATIVE HEALTH EFFECTIVENESS WITH MEDICAL AND INVASIVE APPROACHES (ISCHEMIA) TRIAL

The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) designates an increase in cardiac troponin concentration (cTn) > 99th percentile of a normal reference population as the decision level for MI diagnosis. The variability among hospitals in the lab-determined cTn level to diagnose MI [cTn
Outward chloride/cation co-transport in mammalian cortical neurons.

Abstract The mechanism underlying outward chloride transport in guinea pig cingulate cortical neurons of in vitro slices was characterized with respect to its pharmacological antagonists and anion selectivity, and the nature of other ion movements coupled to Cl − transport. Changes in intracellular Cl − concentration, following iontophoresis of Cl − from KCl-filled intracellular recording electrodes, were estimated from changes in the amplitude of GABAergic, Cl − -mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). The rate of outward Cl − transport was found to be reduced by bumetanide but not by SITS. SCN − , but not NO 3 − , was found to be actively transported. Increasing the extracellular K + concentration ([K + ] o ) from 2.5 to 10 mM was found to inhibit Cl − extrusion. These data suggest that active Cl − extrusion from mammalian cortical neurons is mediated by an outwardly directed chloride/cation co-transport mechanism. Inhibition of this process by elevated [K + ] o may be important in epilepsy.
Self-efficacy theory and psychotherapeutic change: A square peg for a round hole

Abstract Bandura claims that treatments that succeed in eliminating neurotic fears do so not by directly weakening anxiety response habits but through the mediation of expectations of self-efficacy. Bandura came to this conclusion because of his success in treating phobic cases by methods involving modeling and, most particularly, participant modeling. However, he ignored the fact that emotional reconditioning processes were also going on during these treatments. It is argued here that the approach behavior of phobic subjects to feared objects is inhibited by their anticipation of aversive consequences in the form of the anxiety that the approaches entail, and therefore the elimination of anxiety responses is the primary therapeutic requirement. Bandura's experiment purportiong to show that systematic desensitization succeeds through raising expectations of self-efficacy is shown to be unacceptable flawed. In general, the facts dispute the aptness of his theory to the therapeutic context to which he applies it.
Simulation-based analysis of range and cross-range resolution requirements for the identification of vehicles in ladar imagery

We analyze the number and range accuracy of pixels required to distinguish vehicle types in ladar imagery. A simulation is used to generate large numbers of synthetic ladar images of a set of vehicles, and an automated geometry-matching algorithm used to identify vehicles is presented with each of these images. By systematically varying the range resolution, cross-range resolution, and other parameters, we can estimate joint ladar-algorithm system performance as a function of the sensor parameters. The results of these studies will provide guidance to ladar researchers and designers in setting fundamental system parameters for specific applications or operational scenarios. We describe the simulation, identification algorithm, and experimental results.
Head-to-Head Right-Handed Cross-Links of the Antitumor-Active Bis(μ-N, N'-di-p-tolylformamidinato)dirhodium(II,II) Unit with the Dinucleotides d(GpA) and d(ApG)

Reactions of cis-[Rh(2)(DTolF)(2)(NCCH(3))(6)](BF(4))(2) with the dinucleotides d(GpA) and d(ApG) proceed to form [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(GpA)}] and [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(ApG)}], respectively, with bridging purine bases spanning the Rh-Rh unit in the equatorial positions. Both dirhodium adducts exhibit head-to-head (HH) arrangement of the bases, as indicated by the presence of H8/H8 NOE cross-peaks in the 2D ROESY NMR spectra. The guanine bases bind to the dirhodium core at positions N7 and O6, a conclusion that is supported by the absence of N7 protonation at low pH values and the notable increase in the acidity of the guanine N1H sites (pK(a) approximately 7.4 in 4:1 CD(3)CN/D(2)O), inferred from the pH-dependence titrations of the guanine H8 proton resonances. In both dirhodium adducts, the adenine bases coordinate to the metal atoms through N6 and N7, which induces stabilization of the rare imino tautomer of the bases with a concomitant substantial decrease in the basicity of the N1H adenine sites (pK(a) approximately 7.0-7.1 in 4:1 CD(3)CN/D(2)O), as compared to the imino form of free adenosine. The presence of the adenine bases in the rare imino form is further corroborated by the observation of DQF-COSY H2/N1H and ROE N1H/N6H cross-peaks in the 2D NMR spectra of [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(GpA)}] and [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(ApG)}] in CD(3)CN at -38 degrees C. The 2D NMR spectroscopic data and the molecular modeling results suggest the presence of right-handed variants, HH1R, in solution for both adducts (HH1R refers to the relative base canting and the direction of propagation of the phosphodiester backbone with respect to the 5' base). Complete characterization of [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(GpA)}] and [Rh(2)(DTolF)(2){d(ApG)}] by 2D NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling supports anti-orientation of the sugar residues for both adducts about the glycosyl bonds as well as N- and S-type conformations for the 5'- and 3'-deoxyribose residues, respectively.
Sphenoid Sinus Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Sellar Mass: Report a Case with Review of the Literature

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with more aggressive behavior. It occurs preferentially in the upper aerodigestive tract. Sinonasal tract BSCC is uncommon, and only limited studies have been reported in literature. In these studies, most BSCCs arose from the nasal mucosa with or without extension to the paranasal sinuses. Rare reported cases of BSCC involved only the paranasal sinus. In this report, we present a case of a female patient with a sphenoid sinus mass. Clinically, the patient had progressively decreasing vision and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed an infiltrating tumor mass involving the sphenoid sinus and the sella with compression of the optic nerve. Pathologic examination revealed an invasive basaloid epithelial neoplasm that was arranged in lobules, nests and cords. The tumor also showed palisading of peripheral cells, focal abrupt squamous differentiation and in situ carcinoma in the surface mucosa. In the immunohistochemical studies, this tumor revealed a strongly positive nuclear staining for p63. The morphologic and ancillary studies indicated a BSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sinonasal tract BSCC that mainly involved the sphenoid bone and sella. In this region, BSCC should be distinguished from benign and malignant neoplasms that more often affect sella and base of skull, such as pituitary adenoma with extensive necrosis, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant germ cell tumor, paranasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and a variety of metastatic malignancies.
Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global surveyor data. II. Amazonian period

Based on Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) observations of Amazonian polar layered deposits' (PLD) morphology, composition, and thickness, we conclude that the PLDs are composed of porous unconsolidated layers that have not experienced significant basal melting or other glacial-type processes. Morphologic features and associations within the PLD chasmata, including preserved craters and sinuous ridges, indicate that the dominant process of chasmata formation is wind scouring. Our detailed analysis of south polar spiral-trough topography, in conjunction with the identification of similar layered stratigraphy within north polar spiral troughs, suggests that trough migration due to preferential ablation of Sun-facing slopes cannot be demonstrated. Within the layered sequences, we have not identified widespread unconformities, discontinuities, or pinch-outs that would indicate an accublation origin of the PLDs. We therefore postulate that the well-defined PLDs at both poles eventually reached and maintained their present form following deposition without extensive deformation or redeposition. Large, cuspate ridges in the Ultimi lobe of Planum Australe appear to be layered and may be unusual erosional remnants of a once thicker PLD in this area. Beneath the north polar layered deposits in Planum Boreum, we have identified a platform of older, highly degraded polar deposits as much as a kilometer thick that may have once covered an area larger than Planum Boreum.
MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS IN ASTEROMONAS GRACILIS, A WALL‐LESS GREEN MONAD1

Asteromonas gracilis Artari remains motile throughout cell division. Basal bodies separate and replicate at prophase. They are located lateral to the poles of the closed metaphase spindle. Kinetochores appear at late metaphase. Chromosomes move to the poles and extensions of the nuclear envelope develop into the pyrenoid at anaphase. The interzonal spindle disintegrates at telophase and a diffuse phycoplast is present. Cytokinesis proceeds rapidly from the anterior region of the cell. Newly formed daughter cells have four narrow-banded rootlets and both distal and proximal fibers connect the basal bodies. Features of cell division in Asteromonas are compared to those in other algae, particularly Dunaliella and Chlamydomonas.
Sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight.

Purpose of reviewGiven the high prevalence of obesity in the USA, much recent attention has focused on dietary strategies for weight control. Several medical and scientific societies currently recommend reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). However, the evidence base for a public
Russell's Philosophical Development

The story that is told in Lord Russell's recent book My Philosophical Development (Allen and Unwin, 18s.) is one that has been told before, by him and by others, but this particular presentation of it stands out by reason of its comprehensiveness and its authority. It is a rather austerely intellectual autobiography, sticking firmly to the topic announced in its title, and the non-philosophical aspects of the author's character and interests take as modest a place in it as Collingwood's do in his not altogether dissimilar Autobiography . What makes a comparison of these two intellectual self-portraits so tempting is the almost diametrical opposition of their authors. Russell is an aristocrat, an influential public figure too lively and multifarious to be contained for long in a university, a communicator who writes to be understood and believed, a mathematician still despite many years away from mathematics, a moral and political radical, an atheist and a lifelong defender of science as the most solid and enduring achievement of the human intellept. Collingwood was a scholarship boy, the son of an unsuccessful literary man, a pure example of the obscure and ineffectual don, who made out that he was too busy to answer criticism or to take part in college administration or university politics, an elaborately conscious stylist, almost as much a historian and an archaeologist as he was a philosopher, essentially a reactionary for all his autumnal flirtation with Marxism, a Christian (up to a point) and an embattled critic of the pretensions of science.
The Suicide and Aggression Survey: A semistructured instrument for the measurement of suicidality and aggression

Despite the rising concern with the increasing rate of violent and suicidal behaviors in this country and others, we remain relatively limited in our ability to rigorously define, classify, and measure these behaviors. In addition to our previous work in developing self-rating scales assessing aspects of aggressive behaviors, we have developed the Suicide and Aggression Survey (SAS), a new, comprehensive, semistructured interview and research tool, for the purpose of comprehensively evaluating and understanding the multiple constituents of these behaviors, and for assisting in predicting which individuals might be at high risk for suicide or violence. The present report describes the need for such an instrument and the theoretical models that have guided us in constructing it; one of these is a sequential description of the major classes of variables related to aggression and the other is a two-stage model of countervailing forces. Preliminary reliability data and a description of the structure of the interview are included.
Towards a Modular Cognitive State Gauge: Assessing Spatial Ability Utilization with Multiple Physiological Measures

Many current and emerging systems for Cognitive State Assessment have yet to achieve the goals required for application for Augmented Cognition. Numerous efforts are working towards this goal but may lack the ability to be unified into a reliable and generalizable Cognitive State Gauge. The overall purpose of this effort is to determine under what conditions multiple minimally intrusive physiological sensors can be used together and validly applied to areas within a modular cognitive state assessment framework. This study investigated the utility of various measures in detecting changes in cognitive state. We examined the differences within the output from multiple physiological sensing devices under varying levels of task difficulty during a task that was highly dependent on spatial ability (SPA). Supportive evidence for a modular cognitive state gauge (MCSG) was revealed with the finding of significant results for several physiological measures on a novel spatial task.
From the horse's mouth: A case for Combined-Integrated doctoral training in professional psychology

Although new to many members of the psychological community, the notion of a "combined" model of training has been in existence for nearly 30 years (Beutler & Fisher, 1994). The present article is intended to outline the benefits and advantages of the Combined-Integrated (C-I) model. Following a brief discussion of the terms "combined" and "integrated," the advantages of C-I training are discussed across five key themes: (a) the high overlap across traditional practice area training, (b) the advantages of the breadth of training offered, (c) the advantages of C-I training for the professional of psychology, (d) the pragmatic advantages of C-I training to faculty and students, and (e) the benefits of C-I training for salient constituency groups.
A Clustering Method of Knowledge Acquisition in a Real-Time Control System

Abstract The goal of knowledge clustering is that acquired knowledge is divided into several classes according to some principles and the knowledge in an identical class should have some general features on the concepts of classifying attributes so as to overcome some disadvantages produced by the centralized store of knowledge and to raise the working efficiency of a knowledge base. This paper describes a goal-oriented conceptual clustering method in the course of acquiring knowledge in a real-time production command system. This method makes use of background knowledge, concept attributes of knowledge, and clustering goals in a clustering knowledge base to infer clustering attributes of knowledge. The paper also discusses the components of a clustering algorithm model base and a clustering process.
Bring back big government

Despite widespread claims of its demise, the national state is the scale of the state institution best able to marshal the political, discursive and material resources necessary to achieve goals of social justice, defined as a decrease in income inequality, at local, national and global scales. The appearance of the withering away of the state is deceptive, since it is the state itself that is enacting the distribution of functions that some observers interpret as a reduction in state power. The arguments for a return of big government are both strategic and tactical. Strategically, central government has been responsible for every major social policy advance in the United States in the twentieth century. Tactically, the institutions comprising decentralized governance, including local governments, non–profit foundations and community–based organizations, are inadequate to the task. The role of big government in pursuit of social justice entails discursive and regulatory functions, each in turn suggesting an attendant political project for academics and activists. What is at stake is not a quantitative redistribution of state power but a qualitative redirection of the purposes to which that power is applied. Uncritical insistence on the end of the nation state may create a self–defeating self–fulfilling prophecy that conceals important opportunities for political realignment. L’Etat nation est a la meilleure echelle pour mobiliser les ressources politiques, discursives et materielles necessaires a la poursuite de la justice sociale, definie comme la reduction des inegalites de revenu aux echelles locales, nationales et globales, et ce malgre les affirmations repandues sur le retrait de l’Etat. L’apparence d’effacement de l’Etat est trompeuse puisque c’est l’Etat luui meme qui organise la reallocation des fonctions que certains observateurs interpretent comme une reduction du pouvoir de l’Etat. L’argument en faveur d’un retour du ‘big government’ sont a la fois strategiques et tactiques. D’un point de vue strategique, le gouvernement central a ete responsable de toutes les grandes avancees sociales du Xxeme siecle aux USA. Sur le plan tactique, les institutions de gouvernance decentralisee comprenant le gouvernement local, les fondations a but non lucratif et les organisations communautaires ne peuvent pas faire face a ces tâches. Le role du gouvernement dans la poursuite de la justice sociale comprend des fonctions regulatives et discursives, chacune d’entre elle renvoyant a des projets politiques pour les activistes et les universitaires. Ce n’est pas la reallocation de l’autorite qui est en jeu mais une reorientation des objectifs du pouvoir. L’accent mis sans reserve sur la fin de l’Etat nation pourrait creeer une prophetie auto–creatrice auto–defaitiste qui dissimulerait les vraies opportunites de reorientation politique.
Mapping of a conformational epitope on the cashew allergen Ana o 2: A discontinuous large subunit epitope dependent upon homologous or heterologous small subunit association

The 11S globulins are members of the cupin protein superfamily and represent an important class of tree nut allergens for which a number of linear epitopes have been mapped. However, specific conformational epitopes for these allergens have yet to be described. We have recently reported a cashew Ana o 2 conformational epitope defined by murine mAb 2B5 and competitively inhibited by a subset of patient IgE antibodies. The 2B5 epitope appears to reside on the large (acidic) subunit, is dependent upon small (basic) subunit association for expression, and is highly susceptible to denaturation. Here we fine map the epitope using a combination of recombinant chimeric cashew Ana o 2-soybean Gly m 6 chimeras, deletion and point mutations, molecular modeling, and electron microscopy of 2B5-Ana o 2 immune complexes. Key residues appear confined to a 24 amino acid segment near the N-terminus of the large subunit peptide, a portion of which makes direct contact with the small subunit. These data provide an explanation for both the small subunit dependence and the structurally labile nature of the epitope.
Evaluating Usability of Three Authentication Methods in Web-Based Application

Effective user authentication is critical for protecting information and system safety. The most common computer authentication method is text password. Previous research suggests that text password can be hard to remember and users tend to create simple text password that is unsecure. Various password strategies and alternative authentication applications have been proposed, such as mnemonic password, graphical password, and biometrics. However, existing research on the usability of these authentication methods are limited. We conducted a longitudinal empirical study to examine the usability of three authentication methods: traditional text password, mnemonic password, and graphical password, in a real life environment. The result suggests that the graphical password took longer time for authentication and demanded higher work load than the text password and the mnemonic password.
On the nature of infrared absorbing trapped electron center in low-temperature ice-Ih

Abstract Ionization of polar liquids and glasses often yields metastable electron centers known as ‘weakly bound’ (wb) electrons that absorb to the red of the ground state of the solvated/trapped electron. In this Letter, we address the structure of the wb electron in low-temperature ice-Ih theoretically. The comparison with the observed properties suggests that this species is an s-like electron filling a water vacancy.
THE SOJOURN OF INSULIN IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF MASSIVE DOSES OF INSULIN1

THE INJECTION of insulin in a fasting animal causes a maximum decrease of the blood sugar within 2 hours, but the depression of the blood sugar is mani-fested for a longer period of time. This prolonged effect may be associated with the continued presence of insulin in the blood stream or to its persistent action in other tissues after it has disappeared from the circulation. Horsters (1) subscribes to the latter view. An answer to this problem may be obtained if the presence of insulin in the blood stream can be determined; obviously, when sufficiently large doses are injected intravenously into comparatively small laboratory animals, it may be shown that extracts made from the blood of such animals contain insulin.3 Each of 10 full-grown, unanesthetized rabbits received approximately 1000 U of insulin intravenously (50 mg. of insulin powder assaying about 20 U per mg.4 dissolved in 5 cc. of distilled water).
A specific calcium requirement for potassium uptake by excised vetch roots

Compared to the behavior of excised barley roots, K uptake by excised roots of vetch was far more responsive to pH and required ambient Ca concentrations 100 fold higher to overcome the deleterious effect of low pH. At pH values above 7, however, the addition of very low concentrations of Ca markedly depressed the uptake of K by vetch roots, less so for barley. Potassium uptakes by vetch roots in the presence of Ca led to K being sequestered into a non-exchangeable form and this process was dependent upon aerobic metabolism. The degree of specificity for Ca appeared to be much higher for vetch roots than for barley roots. Some of the differences in response to Ca between vetch and barley may be related to the higher exchange capacity of vetch roots.
Status of XMIS x-ray backscatter radiography landmine detection system

An X-ray mine imaging system (XMIS) that uses a new form of backscatter x-ray radiography developed at the University of Florida was successfully field-tested at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia in October, 2001. The XMIS obtained high quality images of both AP and AT mines on several of the Fort A.P. Hill test lanes. For high resolution imaging at a power level of 750 watts, total time for scanning and for processed image acquisition was about 60 s for a 0.5 x 0.5 m area. The very good imaging results obtained from the initial field tests at Fort Hill with the XMIS demonstrate the excellent capabilities of this system as a confirmation sensor for land mine detection. These initial field tests showed that some fairly simple modifications could significantly improve the performance of the XMIS. The total cost of components for an XMIS field demonstration system that includes these modifications is about $60 K and includes about $24 K for the x-ray generator and about $16 K for the specially-made detector assemblies. Further field-testing of the XMIS needs to be performed, but this should be done following implementation of the indicated modifications. With the modifications, high resolution scanning of a 0.5 m x 0.5 m area can be done in 20 to 30 seconds at a power level of 300 watts to 400 watts.
Revision posterior shoulder stabilization

Background Revision arthroscopic posterior glenohumeral stabilization requires a thorough understanding of the static and dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. The evaluation of these patients is complex but critical given the variety of possible underlying lesions. Method We reviewed the literature surrounding recurrent and revision posterior instability biomechanics, etiology, evaluation, treatment, and outcomes. We also reviewed our own database of posterior instability cases and isolated revision procedures to review our own outcomes and to highlight overall concepts. Discussion/conclusion Although other authors have argued that performing a revision procedure indicates for an open procedure and osseous augmentation, our experience has been that revision posterior stabilization arthroscopic soft-tissue repair alone may be indicated in selected patients. After identification of posterior glenoid bone loss/effective retroversion and mechanical failure of prior repairs, the majority of the patients with recurrence of posterior instability likely have either recurrent or persistent labral pathology or patulous capsules with occult multi-directional instability primarily manifesting in the posterior direction. These patients are best served with capsular shift, reefing, and plication, often requiring 180-270° repair and 4 or greater suture anchors. Because of significant heterogeneity in the clinical outcomes reported to date further research will be necessary to define the clinical outcomes in revision posterior stabilization.
Direct nitration and azidation of aliphatic carbons by an iron-dependent halogenase

Iron-dependent halogenases employ cis-halo-Fe(IV)-oxo (haloferryl) complexes to functionalize unactivated aliphatic carbon centers, a capability elusive to synthetic chemists. Halogenation requires (i) coordination of a halide anion (Cl(-) or Br(-)) to the enzyme's Fe(II) cofactor, (ii) coupled activation of O2 and decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to generate the haloferryl intermediate, (iii) abstraction of hydrogen (H•) from the substrate by the ferryl and (iv) transfer of the cis halogen as Cl• or Br• to the substrate radical. This enzymatic solution to an unsolved chemical challenge is potentially generalizable to installation of other functional groups, provided that the corresponding anions can support the four requisite steps. We show here that the wild-type halogenase SyrB2 can indeed direct aliphatic nitration and azidation reactions by the same chemical logic. The discovery and enhancement by mutagenesis of these previously unknown reaction types suggest unrecognized or untapped versatility in ferryl-mediated enzymatic C-H bond activation.
Frequency of fractures in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: Comparison with united states population data

Objective To describe the frequency of self-reported fractures in a large population-based cohort of women with lupus, to compare the frequency of self-reported fractures between lupus patients and women of similar age in the general population by use of data from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and to describe the associated risk factors for fracture in women with lupus. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected to assess cardiovascular risk in women with lupus. Methods Fractures and associated risk factors were ascertained by self report in this retrospective cohort study of 702 living women with lupus who were followed up for 5,951 person-years. Self-reported fractures were verified in a subset of patients. A Weibull regression model was used to assess risk factors associated with time from lupus diagnosis to fracture in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Age-specific standard morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated to determine whether fracture occurrence was greater than expected in women with lupus. Results Eighty-six (12.3%) of 702 women reported at least 1 fracture following the diagnosis of lupus. The sites of the first fracture were the leg (n = 32), foot (n = 16), arm (n = 15), spine (n = 9), rib (n = 7), hip (n = 2), pelvis (n = 2), hand (n = 1), shoulder (n = 1), and finger (n = 1). Fracture risk was increased in the lupus cohort compared with women of similar age from the United States population, using weighted data from the 1994 NHIS (SMR 4.7; 95% confidence interval 3.8, 5.8). Variables in the univariate analysis that were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with time from lupus diagnosis to fracture were older age at lupus diagnosis, longer disease duration, longer duration of corticosteroid use, less use of oral contraceptives, and menopause status. In the multivariate analysis, independent determinants of time from lupus diagnosis to fracture were older age at lupus diagnosis and longer duration of corticosteroid use. Conclusion Fractures occurred in 12.3% of lupus patients who were followed up for 5,951 person-years. There was nearly a 5-fold increase in fracture occurrence in the women with lupus compared with women from the US population. Older age at lupus diagnosis and longer use of corticosteroids were associated with time from lupus diagnosis to fracture. With increased life expectancy of lupus patients, fracture occurrence is a major threat to the health of these women. Prevention strategies must be directed toward minimizing the occurrence of fractures in these patients.
The viscously damped modal equations in relativity

Abstract The viscously damped modal equations are investigated under relativistic transformations and found to be invariant. The mathematical and physical significances of this condition are discussed.
Dynamically reconfigurable analog front-end for ultrasonic imaging applications

With extensive applications in imaging and material evaluation, ultrasonic systems have evolved over decades to efficient and more sophisticated equipment. These systems are built aiming at a specific application or at specific target material. In order to make these systems portable and adaptable to the testing environment, we focus on building a more flexible and programmable hardware. We present a fully configurable Analog Front-End (AFE) which possesses the capability for dynamic re-configuration by using an ARM Core for real-time control, data acquisition and signal analysis. The flexibility built into the AFE facilitates various beamforming and signal conditioning requirements. This arrangement enables the back-end processor to support various signal processing algorithms.
Time-gated images of calcification regions in turbid media

Calcification is a key marker that signals the possible presence of cancer in human breast. Calcium carbonate particles hidden in highly scattering media were optically imaged to demonstrate the feasibility of using time-resolved transillumination shadowgram approach for identifying calcification formation for breast cancer screening.