cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sentence Length and Recidivism Among Prisoners Released Across 30 States in 2005 Accounting for Individual Histories and State Clustering Effects

Longer prison sentences correlate with lower recidivism. However, it is difficult to disentangle individual effects related to aging and prior criminal histories from state practices and policies that impact the likelihood of reoffending. This study examines a large, administrative data set containing the criminal histories of prisoners released in 2005 to investigate this problem. We used Cox models with a shared frailty framework to account for the latent, state-level correlations that have a multiplicative effect on the individual likelihood of rearrest. These models reveal that the state effects account for considerable variation in rearrests, while also clarifying the roles of sentence length and disparate criminal histories on recidivism.
Speech Differences among Cerebral Palsy Subclasses

Speech adequacy ratings were collected on a nationwide sample of 497 children with cerebral palsy. Differences in speech ability between type of condition, degree of physical involvement, and chronological age were investigated. Significant differences in speech were reported between (a) spastics and athetoids and (b) three levels of physical involvement. No meaningful differences were found with regard to chronological age.
Total hip reconstruction using frozen femoral head allografts in patients with acetabular bone loss.

SUMMARY Major acetabular bone loss associated with failed total hip replacements can be managed successfully using frozen femoral heads as structural allografts during revision surgery. In 29 cases followed for an average period of 3.9 years, all of the grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. Five hips showed clinical or radiographic evidence for acetabular loosening. Three of these hips required reoperations for symptomatic loosening. In two of these, sufficient bone stock was present to permit another revision without further bone grafting. Twenty-five of the remaining 26 hips were functioning satisfactorily with a mean Harris score of 84 points. In view of the major bone loss following multiple previous operative procedures in these young patients, the results of revisions using structural femoral head allografts were clearly superior to those with resection arthroplasty, the most likely alternate solution. Graft resorption, lack of posterior coverage, and incomplete cement mantle contributed to the failures.
Higher Rate of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Hispanic Patients with Cerebral Cavernous Malformation

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular malformations prone to intracerebral hemorrhage and epilepsy. Studies about the natural history and clinical presentation in the Hispanic population are lacking. 7 Retrospectively we identified demographics and clinical features of Hispanic patients with CCM in our Neurology clinic. Comparison with studies in the non-Hispanic White population with CCM was conducted. Results: A total of 15 Hispanic patients diagnosed with CCM were identified in our Neurology clinic dating back to January 1 st , 1988. Of these patients 67% (n=10) were females. The majority of our patients presented with symptomatic hemorrhage (27%, n=4) or seizure(s) (47%, n=7). Other less common forms of presentation included; headache, progressive focal neurological deficits, ataxia or incidental. Conclusions: Hispanic patients with CCM have a significantly higher incidence of multiplicity of lesions (p<0.001) and a higher rate of hemorrhage during follow up after any presentation of CCM (p<0.001) when compared to CCM in the non-Hispanic White population.
Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Simulation

Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Simulation fills a gap in the existing literature by providing step-by-step guidance for the design of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, from analytical formulation to simulation, implementation, and measurement. Featuring numerous illustrations and examples of real-world engineering applications, this book: Gives an overview of intermodulation and elaborates on the difference between linear and nonlinear amplifiers Describes the high-frequency model and transient characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors Details active device modeling techniques for transistors and parasitic extraction methods for active devices Explores network and scattering parameters, resonators, matching networks, and tools such as the Smith chart Covers power-sensing devices including four-port directional couplers and new types of reflectometers Presents RF filter designs for power amplifiers as well as application examples of special filter types Demonstrates the use of computer-aided design (CAD) tools, implementing systematic design techniques Blending theory with practice, Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Simulation supplies engineers, researchers, and RF/microwave engineering students with a valuable resource for the creation of efficient, better-performing, low-profile, high-power RF amplifiers.
Dual-Carrier Noncontact Vital Sign Detection With a Noise Suppression Scheme Based on Phase-Locked Loop

We present a dual-carrier vital sign detection scheme based on phase-locked loop to automatically reduce the noise introduced by residual phase noise and transmission paths. Two phase-locked microwave signals at 5.76 and 5.68 GHz are adopted to suppress noise and extract the vital sign, respectively. When the feedback beat signal is locked to the highly stable low-noise reference, the residual phase noise and path noise of the corresponding 5.76-GHz wave are reduced, providing low-noise circumstances for the 5.68-GHz carrier, which has the same path. Additionally, the 5.68-GHz carrier is phase modulated by the vital sign, thus its demodulation leads to a vital sign of low noise level and high spectral purity. The experimental results show that our system based on discrete components introduces no extra noise, has a 12-dB improvement in the signal to noise ratio at the 10-Hz frequency offset, and can effectively measure both respiration and heartbeat signals in four physical orientations at a distance of 50 cm. In addition, by suppressing the residual phase noise and path noise, the detection distance of the weak heartbeat signal from the front of the human subject is extended to at least 250 cm, which is more than double the distance of a system without the noise suppression scheme.
Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury

Statins have been recently investigated as a novel neurotherapeutic medication to prevent secondary injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. Through a number of mechanisms including antiapoptotic effects, increased angiogenesis, antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms, and augmentation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; statins have been demonstrated in in vitro and animal preclinical studies to have neuroprotective effects in multiple injury models. A significant paucity exists in clinical studies of the application of statins to traumatic brain injury patients. Inferences can be drawn, however, from the ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage literature in which more extensive investigations of statins have been conducted. Significant further research is needed to determine the efficacy and role of statins in traumatic brain injury.
The evaluation of the necessity of using heparin in an UltraTag™ RBC kit when tagging blood for a nuclear medicine study.

2801 Objectives The purpose of this research is to evaluate the necessity of heparin in UltraTag™ RBC kits used for nuclear medicine studies. Methods Non-heparinized and heparinized blood was added into UltraTag™ RBC kits. Fifteen kits had heparin and fifteen kits did not have heparin and they were tested for macroscopic blood clots and microscopic platelet clumping. Control groups were added to help evaluate the effectiveness of the anticoagulant properties within the UltraTagTM RBC kits (Sodium Citrate) and see if that played a roll in preventing blood clots/clumps. Fifteen control tubes had heparin and fifteen control tubes did not have heparin and they were also tested for macroscopic blood clots and microscopic platelet clumping. The macroscopic clotting test consisted of a wooden applicator stick method. The microscopic platelet clumping consisted of making blood smears on microscope slides and evaluating the blood under a microscope. The number of macroscopic clots and microscopic platelet clumping were compared between the two individual samples. A Fisher’s test was used to evaluate the significance of the data. Results Macroscopically for the UltraTagTM RBC kits two of fifteen UltraTagTM RBC Non-heparinized vials clotted and zero of fifteen UltraTagTM RBC Heparin vials clotted. Macroscopically for the control group two of fifteen Control Non-heparinized tubes clotted and zero of fifteen Control Heparin tubes clotted. Microscopically for the UltraTagTM RBC kits three of the fifteen UltraTagTM RBC Non-heparinized vials clumped and three of the fifteen UltraTagTM RBC Heparin vials clumped. Microscopically for the control group fifteen of fifteen Control Non-heparinized tubes clumped and ten of the fifteen Control Heparin tubes clumped. Conclusions UltraTagTM RBC kits can produce macroscopic blood clots without heparin. Heparin should always be used when making an UltraTagTM RBC kit for nuclear medicine studies.
Emerging Roles of Coblation in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery

Coblation is a technology that incorporates bipolar radiofrequency energy to ablate tissue at relatively low temperatures. Its use for sinonasal surgery is actively being investigated, including applications for turbinate reduction, sinus surgery, skull base surgery, and adenoidectomy. Potential benefits include reduction in blood loss, improved endoscopic surgical visualization, and reduction in postoperative pain. The main drawbacks are its relatively high cost, potential adverse effects on functional epithelium, and relative paucity of long-term outcomes.
A study of V-shaped potential formation using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations

In this research, two-dimensional electrostatic Particle-In-Cell simulation techniques were used to study the dynamic formation of V-shaped potential structures in the upward current regions of auroral plasmas. These simulations imposed a non-constant but more realistic spatially varying external magnetic field that increases in magnitude as it nears the ionospheric regions. A characteristic of these simulations was that V-shaped potential structures became clearly visible within the expanding plasma as they evolved, with a transversely non-uniform converging perpendicular electric field being evident. These observations were consistent across a wide range of simulation sizes. The inclusion of dipole-like magnetic fields in the auroral region leads to more visible V-shaped potential structure than that in the simulations with a constant magnetic field.
Modeling teleconnected urban social–ecological systems: opportunities and challenges for resilience research

ABSTRACTUrban social–ecological systems (SESs) have progressively become more interdependent in their information, resource, material, energy and waste flows. The evolution of those systems has been studied through a variety of concepts (including central place theory, urban ‘metabolism’, etc.). New frameworks on teleconnections have synthesized and extended past theory, but the relevance of the type, degree and spatial structure of the interlinkages for the resilience of urban systems is understudied. We explore the evolving nature of the interlinkages of cities, resource bases and resilience using two approaches: (1) we review literature on urban systems, teleconnections and resilience and (2) we develop scenarios of a stylized network of urban SESs and examine the system-level resilience of each scenario to external shocks using a mathematical biology model. Our results show how factors such as resource consumption, extraction and population migration drive system-wide resilience at different levels of...
Tumor treating fields: A novel and effective therapy for glioblastoma: Mechanism, efficacy, safety and future perspectives

Background: Tumor treating fields (TTF, Op-tune ® ), one of the low-intensity alternating electric fields, have been demonstrated to disrupt mitosis and inhibit tumor growth with antimitotic properties in a variety of tumor types. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States approved TTF for recurrent GBM and newly diagnosed GBM in 2011 and 2015, respectively. Methods: A systematic review was conducted regarding the relevant studies published between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2017 in PubMed database. The search term included “Tumor Treating Fields”, "Optune", “TTF”, “Novocure”, and “GBM”. This review summarizes the mechanism of action, efficacy, and adverse events based on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for TTF in GBM. Results: Pre-clinical studies showed that TTF could inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by disrupting mitosis, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Two randomized phase III trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of TTF in GBM patients. It was revealed that the combination of TTF and standard chemotherapy (temozolomide) prolonged the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) without systemic safety issues in newly diagnosed GBM (EF-14 trial). For recurrent GBM, the efficacy of TTF monotherapy was shown to be equivalent in PFS and OS without systemic adverse events when compared to the control group that received best physicians-chosen chemotherapies (EF-11 trial). Conclusions: The advantages of TTF in GBM treatment, including non-invasive antitumor effect, superior therapeutic benefit in combination with chemotherapy, and minimal systematic toxicity, have been demonstrated in pre-clinical data and randomized phased III clinical trials. Future investigations will be needed to explore combinations of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, as well as immunotherapy with this novel anti-tumor treatment modality to achieve additive or synergistic therapeutic benefit for GBM and other solid tumors.
Basilar membrane responses to two-tone and broadband stimuli

The responses to sound of mammalian cochlear neurons exhibit many nonlinearities, some of which (such as two-tone rate suppression and intermodulation distortion) are highly frequency specific, being strongly tuned to the characteristic frequency (CF) of the neuron. With the goal of establishing the cochlear origin of these auditory-nerve nonlinearities, mechanical responses to clicks and to pairs of tones were studied in relatively healthy chinchilla cochleae at a basal site of the basilar membrane with CF of 8-10 kHz. Responses were also obtained in cochleae in which hair cell receptor potentials were reduced by systemic furosemide injection. Vibrations were recorded using either the Mossbauer technique or laser Doppler-shift velocimetry. Responses to tone pairs contained intermodulation distortion products whose magnitudes as a function of stimulus frequency and intensity were comparable to those of distortion products in cochlear afferent responses. Responses to CF tones could be selectively suppressed by tones with frequency either higher or lower than CF; in most respects, mechanical two-tone suppression resembled rate suppression in cochlear afferents. Responses to clicks displayed a CF-specific compressive nonlinearity, similar to that present in responses to single tones, which could be profoundly and selectively reduced by furosemide. The present findings firmly support the hypothesis that all CF-specific nonlinearities present in the auditory nerve originate in analogous phenomena of basilar membrane vibration. However, because of their lability, it is almost certain that the mechanical nonlinearities themselves originate in outer hair cells.
Adapted Sojourn Models to Estimate Activity Intensity in Youth: A Suite of Tools.

The challenges of using physical activity data from accelerometers have been compounded with the recent focus on wrist-worn monitors and raw acceleration (as opposed to activity counts). Purpose This study developed and systematically evaluated a suite of new accelerometer processing models for youth. Methods Four adaptations of the Sojourn method were developed using data from a laboratory-based experiment in which youth (N = 54) performed structured activity routines. The adaptations corresponded to all possible pairings of hip or wrist attachment with activity counts (AC) or raw acceleration (RA), and they estimated time in sedentary behavior, light activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Criterion validity was assessed using direct observation in an independent free-living sample (N = 27). Monitors were worn on both wrists to evaluate the effect of handedness on accuracy, and status quo methods for each configuration were also evaluated as benchmarks for comparison. Tests of classification accuracy (percent accuracy, κ statistics, and sensitivity and specificity) were used to summarize utility. Results In the development sample, percent accuracy ranged from 68.5% (wrist-worn AC, κ = 0.42) to 71.6% (hip-worn RA, κ = 0.50). Accuracy was lower in the free-living evaluation, with values ranging from 49.3% (hip-worn RA, κ = 0.25) to 56.7% (hip-worn AC, κ = 0.36). Collectively, the suite predicted moderate-to-vigorous physical activity well, with the models averaging 96.5% sensitivity and 67.5% specificity. However, in terms of overall accuracy, the new models performed similarly to the status quo methods. There were no meaningful differences in performance at either wrist. Conclusions The new models offered minimal improvements over existing methods, but a major advantage is that further tuning of the models is possible with continued research.
Radar signal demixing via convex optimization

The problem of decomposing a signal into components of different structures arises in many applications of signal processing and machine learning. In this paper, we study such a signal demixing problem for airborne radar systems, where the received signal consists of contributions from targets, jammers, and clutter. We promote the structures of the target and jammer components by designing two atomic norms, while we model the clutter signal as lying in a known subspace. This allows the formulation of a convex optimization that is able to separate these components, enabling the localization of targets and jammers as well as the supression of the clutter. Simulations show the superior performance of our approach compared to the classical space-time adaptive processing (STAP) technique.
The Role of Physical Activity in Cognitive Fitness: A General Guide for Community Programs

This chapter examines physical activity in the context of understanding fitness and preparing for activity as well as practical suggestions for motivating, supporting, and encouraging adherence to exercise regimens. For a more comprehensive review of the exercise–cognition connection, the reader is referred to the Chap. 2 by Boot and Blakely (Enhancing Cognitive Fitness in Adults: A guide for use and development of community-based programs, 2011).
Physical and Computational Issues in the Numerical Modeling of Ocean Circulation

The large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans can be modeled by systems of partial differential equations of fluid dynamics, as scaled and parameterized for oceanic flows. This paper outlines some physical, mathematical, and computational aspects of such modeling. The topics include multiple length, time, and mixing scales; the choice of vertical coordinate; properties of the shallow water equations for a single-layer fluid, including effects of the rotating reference frame; a statement of the governing equations for a three-dimensional stratified fluid with an arbitrary vertical coordinate; time-stepping and multiple time scales; and various options for spatial discretizations.
Local Immunomodulation with Anti-inflammatory Cytokine-Encoding Lentivirus Enhances Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.

Trauma to the spinal cord and associated secondary inflammation can lead to permanent loss of sensory and motor function below the injury level, with the resulting environment serving as a barrier that limits regeneration. In this study, we investigate the localized expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 via lentiviral transduction in multichannel bridges. Porous multichannel bridges provide physical guidance for axonal outgrowth with the cytokines hypothesized to modulate the neuroinflammatory microenvironment and enhance axonal regeneration. Gene expression analyses indicated that induced IL-10 and IL-4 expression decreased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and increased pro-regenerative genes relative to control. Moreover, these factors led to increased numbers of axons and myelination, with approximately 45% of axons myelinated and the number of oligodendrocyte myelinated axons significantly increased by 3- to 4-fold. Furthermore, the combination of a bridge with IL-10 and IL-4 expression improved locomotor function after injury to an average score of 6 relative to an average score of 3 for injury alone. Collectively, these studies highlight the potential for localized immunomodulation to decrease secondary inflammation and enhance regeneration that may have numerous applications.
The Role of Transposable Elements in Speciation

Understanding the phenotypic and molecular mechanisms that contribute to genetic diversity between and within species is fundamental in studying the evolution of species. In particular, identifying the interspecific differences that lead to the reduction or even cessation of gene flow between nascent species is one of the main goals of speciation genetic research. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences with the ability to move within genomes. TEs are ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic genomes and have been shown to alter regulatory networks, gene expression, and to rearrange genomes as a result of their transposition. However, no systematic effort has evaluated the role of TEs in speciation. We compiled the evidence for TEs as potential causes of reproductive isolation across a diversity of taxa. We find that TEs are often associated with hybrid defects that might preclude the fusion between species, but that the involvement of TEs in other barriers to gene flow different from postzygotic isolation is still relatively unknown. Finally, we list a series of guides and research avenues to disentangle the effects of TEs on the origin of new species.
Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease: A call to action

Abstract Introduction Precision medicine methodologies and approaches have advanced our understanding of the clinical presentation, development, progression, and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, sex and gender have not yet been adequately integrated into many of these approaches. Methods The Society for Women's Health Research Interdisciplinary Network on AD, comprised of an expert panel of scientists and clinicians, reviewed ongoing and published research related to sex and gender differences in AD. Results The current review is a result of this Network's efforts and aims to: (1) highlight the current state-of-the-science in the AD field on sex and gender differences; (2) address knowledge gaps in assessing sex and gender differences; and (3) discuss 12 priority areas that merit further research. Discussion The exclusion of sex and gender has impeded faster advancement in the detection, treatment, and care of AD across the clinical spectrum. Greater attention to these differences will improve outcomes for both sexes.
Identifying and Integrating Individual Level and Organizational Level Core Competencies

The current use of the term core competencies in business and industry results in confusion since the term is utilized in a variety of different manners. Through a review of business and psychology literature combined with the benchmarking of companies and consulting firms, this article defines two levels of core competencies. These two levels are organizational level core competencies and individual level core competencies. Additionally, this article addresses approaches for identifying, integrating and validating these two levels of core competencies and is intended to serve as a foundation for future research and discussion in relation to core competencies.
Multivariate C^1-Continuous Splines on the Alfeld Split of a Simplex

Using algebraic geometry methods and Bernstein-Bezier techniques, we find the dimension of \(C^1\)-continuous splines on the Alfeld split of a simplex in \(\mathbb {R}^n\) and describe a minimal determining set for this space.
III.D. Vitreo-Macular Adhesion/Traction and Macular Holes: Pseudo, Lamellar, and Full-Thickness

Vitreous consists of approximately 98 % water and 2 % structural macromolecules [1, 2]. It is attached to all contiguous structures of the inner eye, including the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina. The ILM is primarily composed of type IV collagen. The interface between the ILM and posterior vitreous cortex contains a macromolecular attachment complex, which is composed of fibronectin, laminin, and other extracellular components such as glycoproteins and several collagen types [3–5]. This complex, along with the chondroitin sulfate present throughout the vitreo-retinal interface, plays a major role in vitreo-retinal adhesion [see chapter II.E. Vitreo-retinal interface and ILM]. Chondroitin sulfate may also play a role in mediating hyaluronan-collagen interaction in the gel vitreous [6, 7].
The Mongol Cultural Legacy in East and Central Asia: The Early Ming and Timurid Courts

Following the fall of the Mongol Empire (c. 1206–1368) in both East and West Asia, Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor, r. 1368–1398), the founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) in China, Timur (r. 1370–1405), founder of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507) in Central Asia, and their successors used the legacy of the Chinggisid Mongols in different ways to lend an aura of power and legitimacy to their newly established courts. In this paper, I explore the cultural legacy of the Mongol Empire as manifested in the early Ming and Timurid courts, with a special interest in how continuing cultural exchange between the two courts impacted the arts produced in both places. In particular, I highlight how the ongoing incorporation of “foreign” motifs and techniques set the tone for the arts of both courts in the late fourteenth century.
Dynamic Pulse Shaping by Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces offer the ability to shape optical pulses with unprecedented resolution. Here, we demonstrate dynamic shaping of <15 femtosecond ultrafast laser pulses using a Taylor series system in conjunction with silicon metasurfaces.
A deep learning based method for large-scale classification, registration, and clustering of in-situ hybridization experiments in the mouse olfactory bulb

Abstract Background The Allen Mouse Brain Atlas allows study of the brain’s molecular anatomy at cellular scale, for thousands genes. To fully leverage this resource, one must register histological images of brain tissue – a task made challenging by the brain’s structural complexity and heterogeneity, as well as inter-experiment variability. New method We have developed a deep-learning based methodology for classification and registration of thousands of sections of brain tissue, using the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) as a case study. Results We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to derive an image similarity measure for in-situ hybridization experiments, and embedded these in a low-dimensional feature space to guide the design of registration templates. We then compiled a high quality, registered atlas of gene expression for the OB (the first such atlas for the OB, to our knowledge). As proof-of-principle, the atlas was clustered using non-negative matrix factorization to reveal canonical expression motifs, and to identify novel, lamina-specific marker genes. Comparison with existing methods Our method leverages virtues of CNNs for a set of important problems in molecular neuroanatomy, with performance comparable to existing methods. Conclusion The atlas we have complied allows for intra- and inter-laminar comparisons of gene expression patterns in the OB across thousands of genes, as well identification of canonical expression profiles through clustering. We anticipate that this will be a useful resource for investigators studying the bulb’s development and functional topography. Our methods are publicly available for those interested in extending them to other brain areas.
Patient Experience Factors and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hospitalized Individuals.

Purpose To identify a relationship between patient satisfaction with the hospital experience and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), as well as determine predictors of each variable. Participants & setting 50 patients with cancer in two adult oncology units in an academic health sciences center. Methodologic approach A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. Patient satisfaction was measured by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) and HRQOL was assessed using the Quality of Life Patient/Cancer Survivor (QOL-CS) version. Findings Patients who were single, diagnosed for 6-10 years, and diagnosed for 11 years or longer had significantly lower patient satisfaction scores. Patients with public insurance, diagnosed for 6-10 years, and diagnosed for 11 years or longer had lower QOL-CS scores. Physical and social well-being scores were associated with higher HCAHPS scores. There was a positive relationship between patient satisfaction and physical and social functioning. Patient demographics were related to patient satisfaction and HRQOL. Implications for nursing Nurses should have measurable goals to provide high-quality care to patients with cancer, including satisfaction during hospitalization and promotion of HRQOL.
A potential game approach to modelling evolution in a connected society

When studying human behaviour, it is important to understand not just how individuals interact, but also interactions at the level of communities and populations. Most previous modelling of networks has focused on interactions between individual agents. Here we provide a modelling framework to study the evolution of behaviour in connected populations, by regarding subpopulations as the basic unit of interaction and focusing on the population-level connection structure. We find that when the underlying game played by individuals is a potential game, utilizing such a structure greatly simplifies analysis. In addition, according to known general results on the convergence of evolution dynamics to Nash equilibria in a potential game, our formulation provides a tractable model on behavioural dynamics in social networks that needs only conventional techniques from evolutionary game theory.
Effects of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Immediate Tissue Expander and Acellular Dermal Matrix Reconstruction: Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial.

Abstract Purpose Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) delivered to an immediate reconstruction increases the risk of surgical complications. Although acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has been used with immediate tissue expander (TE) reconstruction to improve cosmetic outcomes and minimize capsular contracture, there is a paucity of data on this approach in the setting of PMRT. Methods and Materials Thirty-two patients with stage I to III breast cancer were treated with mastectomy, immediate TE-ADM reconstruction, and PMRT between 2009 and 2012 in a prospective single-arm study. The primary objective was the "success" rate, determined by the number of patients at 2 years after PMRT having an intact final reconstruction, no major complications, and a cosmetic outcome rated by a physician as excellent or good. Results The median follow-up was 24 months. Final reconstruction status was known in 31 of 32 patients (96.9%; 1 patient left the country) and completed in 29 of 31 patients (93.5%; implant, n = 26; flap, n = 1; both, n = 2; none, n = 2). At 2 years, 6 patients were unevaluable (metastatic disease, n = 3; withdrawn consent, n = 1; left the country, n = 2). Of 26 evaluable patients, the success rate was 65.4% (17 of 26). Lack of success was the result of "fair" cosmesis (n = 2), infection (n = 2), severe capsular contracture (n = 1), major revision (n = 2), and no final reconstruction (n = 2). Most patients had good-to-excellent 2-year overall cosmesis based on patient perception (15; 62.5%) and physician evaluation (19; 79.2%). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated prospective trial evaluating long-term cosmetic and complication outcomes in patients treated with immediate TE-ADM reconstruction followed by PMRT. Most patients (65.4%) met the success criteria in this prospective single-arm series. The great majority (93.5%) achieved final reconstruction; most had good-to-excellent overall cosmetic outcomes (79.2%). The results with longer follow-up will be of interest, and further investigation of strategies to optimize reconstruction with PMRT are warranted.
Previous tip moth infestation predispose trees to heavier attacks in subsequent generations.

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a common regeneration pest of pine plantations in the southeastern U.S.A. The insect has two to five generations annually depending on climate (Fettig et al. 1999a, USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap., In press). Following oviposition and eclosion, first-instar larvae bore into needles and begin mining between the epidermal layers. Resin from this boring is the first visible sign of tip moth infestation but is often difficult to detect. Second-instar larvae feed at needle and bud axils and produce a web which becomes covered with resin and is the first readily visible sign of attack. Third through fifth instars enter the buds and shoots where their feeding severs the vascular tissue and kills the apical meristem. Pupation occurs in the buds or shoots killed by larval feeding (Berisford 1988, In A. A. Berryman, ed. Dynamics of Forest Insect Populations, Plenum Pub. Corp.). Tip moth infestations have been shown to reduce tree growth in young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands (Nowak 1997, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of GA, Athens; Cade and Hedden 1987, South. J. Appl. For 11: 128-133; Stephen et al. 1982, Ark. Farm Res. 31 : 10). Chemical control of R. frustrana infestations usually consists of three insecticide applications per year in the Piedmont region of Georgia (Gargiullo et al. 1983, Ga. For. Comm. Res. Pap. No. 44). However, it has recently been shown that repeated insecticide applications within a single year may be unnecessary to protect trees from volume losses attributed to tip moth damage (Fettig et al. 1999b, South. J. Appl. For. In press). Fettig et al. (199913) found a 74.5% increase in volume yield when insecticide applications were limited to the first generation of the first two years following planting. They also observed that previous tip moth attacks appeared to predispose trees to heavier attacks in subsequent generations, and listed this observation as a potential cause or contributor to their findings To test this possibility we selected two sites in Oglethorpe Co., GA where three tip moth generations occur annually (Fettig et al. 1999a). As part of a larger study, 80
Clock Variation Impact on Digital Filter Performance

Applications involving embedded systems utilize digital filters for signal conditioning. Such applications proliferated over the years due to advancements of microprocessor technology and their capability to perform numerical operations at a faster rate. An algorithm implemented in a microprocessor is executed at a specific frequency derived based on the clock source provided to the device. Typically, this frequency is expected to be static and, in most applications, same as the sampling frequency of the system. Assumption of static sampling frequency is a primary design factor. Aging, manufacturing process variations, user error and environment factors tend to alter the frequency of the clock source resulting changes in the sampling frequency of the microprocessor. Such change adversely effects digital filter performance.
Strategies for Development of a Next-Generation Protein Sequencing Platform

Proteomic analysis can be a critical bottleneck in cellular characterization. The current paradigm relies primarily on mass spectrometry of peptides and affinity reagents (i.e., antibodies), both of which require a priori knowledge of the sample. An unbiased protein sequencing method, with a dynamic range that covers the full range of protein concentrations in proteomes, would revolutionize the field of proteomics, allowing a more facile characterization of novel gene products and subcellular complexes. To this end, several new platforms based on single-molecule protein-sequencing approaches have been proposed. This review summarizes four of these approaches, highlighting advantages, limitations, and challenges for each method towards advancing as a core technology for next-generation protein sequencing.
Silver nitrate stain masquerading as a heterotopic ossification.

Abstract Silver nitrate is a commonly used substance in the cauterization of the traumatic soft tissue wounds to stop bleeding. As an inorganic compound with high density, silver nitrate is very radiodense. We present a case of topical silver nitrate application on a fingertip laceration of a 32-year-old diabetic woman, which was misinterpreted as heterotopic ossification. The appearance of silver nitrate on radiographic studies is not widely known, which can lead to misdiagnosis, further unnecessary imaging, and inappropriate surgery.
Immune cell repertoires in breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy

Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients causes immune cell depletion at an age when the regenerative capacity is compromised. Successful regeneration requires the recovery of both quantity and quality of immune cell subsets. Although immune cell numbers rebound within a year after treatment, it is unclear whether overall compositional diversity is recovered. We investigated the regeneration of immune cell complexity by comparing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from breast cancer patients ranging from 1-5 years after chemotherapy with those of age-matched healthy controls using mass cytometry and T cell receptor sequencing. These data reveal universal changes in patients' CD4+ T cells that persisted for years and consisted of expansion of Th17-like CD4 memory populations with incomplete recovery of CD4+ naive T cells. Conversely, CD8+ T cells fully recovered within a year. Mechanisms of T cell regeneration, however, were unbiased, as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell receptor diversity remained high. Likewise, terminal differentiated effector memory cells were not expanded, indicating that regeneration was not driven by recognition of latent viruses. These data suggest that, while CD8+ T cell immunity is successfully regenerated, the CD4 compartment may be irreversibly affected. Moreover, the bias of CD4 memory toward inflammatory effector cells may impact responses to vaccination and infection.
Autonomous delivery robots and their potential impacts on urban freight energy consumption and emissions

Abstract E-Commerce and package deliveries are growing at a fast pace and several start-ups have already began pilot studies to deliver packages and groceries to consumers utilizing Autonomous Delivery Robots (ADRs). Two research questions guide this research effort: (a) What are the existing capabilities of ADRs? and (b) What are the energy and emissions reductions that ADRs can bring about? A model to understand potential ADR energy and emissions reductions is presented and several scenarios are analyzed. Results, insights, and potential implications are discussed. The results show that ADRs have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions in urban areas.
Programming learners' perceptions of interactive computer tutors and human teachers

People often learn programming in face-to-face courses or online tutorials. Interactive computer tutors---systems that provide learning content interactively---are becoming more common in online tools such as those teaching computer programming. Studies have shown that teachers, interactive computer tutors, and the combination of both are efficient and effective in teaching programming. However, there is limited understanding of the comparative perspectives of learners learning from these two different sources. We conducted an exploratory study using semi-structured interviews and recruited 20 participants with programming experience from both teachers and interactive computer tutors. Speaking with our participants, we surfaced factors that learners like and dislike from the two learning resources and discussed the strengths and weaknesses between the two. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for designs that programming educators and interactive computer tutor developers can use to improve their teaching effectiveness.
Abstract 6: Identifying Late Progressing Patients With Persistent Penumbra in DEFUSE 3 With the 24-Hour Tmax/DWI Ratio

Background: DEFUSE 3 infarct volumes at 24 hours did not significantly differ in the EVT vs. medical management only (MM) groups. We hypothesized that this lack of difference was due underestimatio...
Differential Mechanisms of Arterial and Valvular Calcification

Calcification is a highly prevalent pathology occurring in arteries and heart valves that contributes to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Arterial calcification impairs vascular resistance, thereby contributing to heart failure, and increases atherosclerotic plaque rupture risk contributing to heart attack and stroke. Calcification of the aortic valve leads to narrowing of the valve opening, reduced blood flow, and heart failure. There are presently no approved drug therapies that prevent or regress cardiovascular calcification. Both arterial and valvular calcification occur via active processes with multiple mechanisms attributed to initiating the disease pathologies. The extent to which various mechanisms drive calcific disease and just how distinct vascular and valvular calcification are is unknown. Vascular and valvular calcification do not always occur simultaneously, as such they may be regulated by distinct disease-driving mechanisms. Outlined here are vascular and valvular calcification mechanisms including mechanistic differences between these two critical cardiovascular pathologies.
Optimal Care for Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review on the Role and Utility of ALK Inhibitors.

The treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a paradigm shift in the last decade. Molecular characterization of the disease has led to the rapid development of personalized medicine and swift delivery of targeted therapies to patients. The discovery of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene in patients with NSCLC has resulted in rapid bench-bedside transition of several active drugs, with several others currently in clinical trials. After the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib, next-generation ALK inhibitors have entered clinical applications for ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Ceritinib, alectinib, and brigatinib have all received approval for ALK-positive patients who have failed prior crizotinib, as well as first-line therapy in treatment-naive patients based on favorable efficacy. Most recently, lorlatinib, a potent, newer-generation ALK inhibitor, has been approved as second- or third-line treatment. These advances have led to better patient outcomes, but concurrently have led to several crucial unanswered questions about optimal care for ALK-positive NSCLC patients. The ultimate acquisition of resistance to ALK-inhibitor therapy poses a challenge to ongoing research efforts, in addition to the routine management of these patients in the clinic. This review provides a summary of the clinical development of crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and lorlatinib and highlights current management paradigms, current and evolving clinical information, emerging clinical decision-making and sequencing of therapy in advanced, metastatic, or recurrent ALK-positive NSCLC.
Deutsche Bank Restart: Goodbye Goldman Sachs of Europe?

This public-sourced case describes the latest restructuring efforts by Deutsche Bank (DB) and gives a short history of prior restructuring efforts from the decade before. In July 2019, Christian Sewing, the new CEO of DB, announced a series of measures that included, among others, the elimination of global equity trading, the layoff of 18,000 employees, the creation of a bad bank to transfer noncore assets, and the suspension of dividends until 2022. The case describes key decisions a bank CEO makes when a bank needs to change course to return to profitability and growth. The case offers an opportunity to debate these key decisions, as well as discuss some of the prior ones during earlier restructuring efforts, and put the students in the CEO's shoes: What would you do and why? The case also describes key banking performance metrics (e.g., ROE, ROA) and other critical variables such as those reflecting capital health (Tier 1 ratio), as well as gives an overview of the bank business model and factors impacting bank profitability and value. Excerpt UVA-F-1934 Rev. Jan. 21, 2021 Deutsche Bank Restart: Goodbye Goldman Sachs of Europe? What is our north star, when reshaping Deutsche Bank? CEO Christian Sewing In July 2019, on a day of massive employee layoffs at Deutsche Bankmostly in its equity sales and trading businesstwo executives made headlines for having new USD1,800 suits fitted at the office. Their out-of-touch leadership behavior did little for the struggling German bank's reputation. And it drew the ire and a phone call from CEO Christian Sewing. In no way is this behavior in keeping with our values, Sewing said. I assume in any case that the two colleagues will not forget my telephone call. (See Appendix1 for the company's mission statement.) . . .
Review of Vaccines and Immunization by Chuanxi Fu (editor-in-chief)

Vaccines and Immunizations is a textbook that introduces medical theories while addressing practical vaccination needs. Published by People’s Medical Publishing House in September 2020 and listed a...
m 6 A deposition is regulated by PRMT1‐mediated arginine methylation of METTL14 in its disordered C‐terminal region

The N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA modification serves crucial functions in RNA metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of m6 A are not well understood. Here, we establish arginine methylation of METTL14, a component of the m6 A methyltransferase complex, as a novel pathway that controls m6 A deposition in mammalian cells. Specifically, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) interacts with, and methylates the intrinsically disordered C terminus of METTL14, which promotes its interaction with RNA substrates, enhances its RNA methylation activity, and is crucial for its interaction with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) expressing arginine methylation-deficient METTL14 exhibit significantly reduced global m6 A levels. Transcriptome-wide m6 A analysis identified 1,701 METTL14 arginine methylation-dependent m6 A sites located in 1,290 genes involved in various cellular processes, including stem cell maintenance and DNA repair. These arginine methylation-dependent m6 A sites are associated with enhanced translation of genes essential for the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks; thus, METTL14 arginine methylation-deficient mESCs are hypersensitive to DNA crosslinking agents. Collectively, these findings reveal important aspects of m6 A regulation and new functions of arginine methylation in RNA metabolism.