cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Costoptimal reliability of data processing systems

With the advent of third generation computing systems, the increase in complexity and power has reached a degree which exceeds the human ability to understand, to analyze, to predict, and to optimize system performance and reliability. The only method that can help is measurement. In defining measurement purposes, one has to define which measurable quantities in the system are significant and which may be ignored. But, at the present time, we do not know in general what is relevant in the measurements. For the sake of clarity, it is useful to define several levels of measurement- organizational level- computer center level- computing system level- job level- computer subsystem level.
Consumer Evaluation of Guineas

Abstract A study designed to evaluate guinea (keet) as a consumer product was conducted with over 40 families participating. Participants were requested to prepare frozen keets by the method of their choice and, after consuming the prepared product, to complete and return an evaluation form. The majority of the participants either baked or roasted the keets. The meat was considered to be moderate to mild in flavor, tender to very tender, and juicy to slightly juicy. No participant said he disliked keet as a poultry product. Most people said that keet was at least equal to chicken and that they would buy them occasionally, especially if they were available at an economical price.
Effects of magnesium on ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias in the rat heart and electrophysiologic effects of hypermagnesemia in the anesthetized dog.

Magnesium sulfate, reportedly clinically effective against some ventricular arrhythmias, has not been extensively studied for its effects on experimental ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias. We evaluated the effects of three high extracellular concentrations of magnesium (Mg2+) 1.19, 2.38, and 4.76 mM in 70 isolated perfused rat hearts following coronary artery ligation and peperfusion, at each of three different perfusate ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentrations (0.9, 1.25, and, 2.5 mM), where 1.25 mM is close to physiologic. At 0.9 mM Ca2+, higher concentrations of Mg2+ increased the sinus node cycle length (p<0.02) and virtually abolished ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and reperfusion ventricular fibrillation (VF) (p<0.01), otherwise consistently found in this model. At 1.25 and 2.5 mM Ca2+ increasing Mg2+ had no effect on the incidence of ischemic or reperfusion arrhythmias, although at 1.25 mM Ca2+ ischemic VT had longer cycle lengths and VT appeared after a longer delay (p<0.01). In the nonischemic dog heart, marked increases of serum Mg2+ progressively prolonged the A-H, H-V, and QR S intervals, the ventricular effective refractory period, and the sinus cycle length, while the arterial blood pressure fell. Because of its relatively modest electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects, it is inferred that intravenous magnesium may be given therapeutically with relative safety.
Time interval to the development of breast carcinoma after treatment for Hodgkin disease.

BACKGROUND Women with Hodgkin disease (HD) who received mantle irradiation had an increased risk of developing breast carcinoma. The authors examined the influence of radiotherapy on the time interval to the development of breast carcinoma. METHODS Using population, cancer incidence, and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated and Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to estimate breast carcinoma-free survival in women with HD treated with and without radiotherapy. The log-rank test was utilized and multivariate proportional hazard regression analysis was performed. Multivariate analysis was also performed using the PHPH regression model. RESULTS In 9 SEER registries, 8036 females were identified who were diagnosed with HD between 1973 and 1999. Of these women, 183 (2.3%) were subsequently diagnosed with breast carcinoma. The use of radiotherapy in the treatment of HD resulted in an increased risk of development of breast carcinoma (SIR = 1.90, P < 0.01). The log-rank test and proportional hazard regression model failed to detect a difference (P = 0.79) in breast carcinoma-free survival for women treated with and without radiotherapy. The PHPH regression model revealed that the use of radiotherapy had an adverse effect on long-term survival (relative risk [RR] = 1.84, P = 0.01), but was associated with a short-term survival advantage (RR = 0.45, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Use of the PHPH model indicated that the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of HD resulted in an increased long-term risk for the subsequent development of breast carcinoma, but conferred a short-term reduction. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The joint JMA‐JICA project in Nepal

Nepal is among the 20 countries with the lowest human development index, according to the criteria of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and has a very high under-five mortality rate, according to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). In December 1992, the Japan Medical Association (JMA) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) began jointly carrying out a maternal and child health (MCH) project. Its beneficiaries are the population of Kavre District, the District Public Health Office in Kavre, the Central Region Health Directorate, and the Ministry of Health of Nepal. The MCH project stems from a request to Japan made by His Majesty's Government of Nepal to implement and evaluate a new health system policy in a model area, the Kavre District. The project's main goal is to improve the general health and to reduce the maternal, infant, and under-five child mortality rates by providing basic primary health care services and means of disease prevention. It will improve the government's medical care delivery system, better educate the population and promote community action in questions related to health and hygiene. This is the first cooperative project organized by JICA that involves the participation of a non-governmental organization, in this case, the JMA. The JMA will construct the primary Health Care (PHC) Center, equip it with a dormitory and safe water supply system, and provide sufficient drugs for 2 years. The Japan International Cooperation Agency will dispatch MCH experts and provide medical equipment and supplies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exome sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma reveals inactivating mutations in NOTCH1

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To explore the genetic origins of this cancer, we used whole-exome sequencing and gene copy number analyses to study 32 primary tumors. Tumors from patients with a history of tobacco use had more mutations than did tumors from patients who did not use tobacco, and tumors that were negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) had more mutations than did HPV-positive tumors. Six of the genes that were mutated in multiple tumors were assessed in up to 88 additional HNSCCs. In addition to previously described mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, and HRAS, we identified mutations in FBXW7 and NOTCH1. Nearly 40% of the 28 mutations identified in NOTCH1 were predicted to truncate the gene product, suggesting that NOTCH1 may function as a tumor suppressor gene rather than an oncogene in this tumor type.
Biophysical aspects of ovulation.

The author arrives at a hypothesis for ovarian processes in ovulation through examination of his own work and that of others in the field of ovarian ovulatory mechanisms. The mechanical aspects of follicular rupture are the main points considered. It appears that no significant change in intrafollicular pressure occurs in ovulation. On the other hand a marked increase in wall tissue distensibility occurs and is probably associated with a decrease in breaking strength. A relatively small change in distensibility could produce an unstable follicle which would rupture with normal intrafollicular pressures. The collagen component is probably important to the walls structural strength. In ovulation the interfibrillar bonding may be interfered with so that tension upon stretching is reduced and increased slippage of fibrils past one another occurs. Though a collagenase-like enzyme has been identified in the follicular tissue and appears to be released at ovulation no definite link has been made between this enzyme and the increase of follicular distensibility in vivo. If luteinizing hormone stimulates the synthesis or release of an ovulatory enzyme it probably does so by stimulation or steroid secretion rather than by direct stimulation of enzyme synthesis or release. With more knowledge fertility control may be achieved at the level of the ovary without simultaneous control though trophic factors.(Authors modified)
Cognitive and Institutional Barriers to New Forms of Cooperation on Environmental Protection: Insights from Project Xl and Habitat Conservation Plans

Many perceive the predominantly command-and-control structure of regulatory policy to be overly restrictive and inefficient in achieving America's emerging environmental goals. In response, the U.S...
Revision of Parapseudosthenarus Schuh and Pseudosthenarus Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae), a Monophyletic Group of Crotalarieae-Feeding Phylinae from South Africa with a Discussion of Hosts and Distributions

The South African sister genera Parapseudosthenarus Schuh and Pseudosthenarus Poppius are revised. A monophyletic group containing both genera is diagnosed. Two new species of Parapseudosthenarus are described, bringing the total to three. Seven new species of Pseudosthenarus are described, bringing the total to 11. Morphological details are documented with light and scanning electron microscopy; whole insects are documented with colour digital photographs. Approaches to species discrimination are discussed. Parapseudosthenarus is shown to be broadly distributed across South Africa and Namibia whereas Pseudosthenarus is restricted to Namaqualand and the Little Karoo. Extensive host documentation is presented, indicating that both insect genera are restricted to plant genera placed in the tribe Crotalarieae (Fabaceae: Faboideae), and that most species are restricted to a single host genus; most Pseudosthenarus species breed only on the monophyletic Cape Group within Crotalarieae. Host plants are documented with colour digital images from the field and from herbarium specimens.
DRUG-ASSOCIATED DIARRHŒA AS A POTENTIAL RESERVOIR FOR HOSPITAL' INFECTIONS

Abstract There was an outbreak of infection among hospital patients caused by a type-7 klebsiella, resistant to most commonly used antibiotics, in the autumn of 1973. This outbreak was related to the admission of a patient with drug-associated diarrhoea whose intestine was subsequently shown to be heavily colonised by the organism. This experience demonstrates the need for proper isolation of hospital patients with apparently non-infectious forms of diarrhoea.
Fulminant chemical ventriculomeningitis following intrathecal liposomal cytarabine administration

Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine (ITLC) has shown prolonged time to neurological deterioration in some patients with leptomeningeal spread of breast cancer. We describe a patient with fulminant chemical ventriculomeningitis leading to cerebral edema and death following ITLC administration. A 56-year-old Caucasian female developed progressive headache, depressed level of consciousness and adventitious movements immediately following ITLC. Neurological examination was normal prior to injection. This progressed to loss of all brainstem function and a head CT scan demonstrated diffuse cerebral edema. Due to the absence of neurological function on examination, the family opted to withdraw care. To our knowledge we report the first patient with fulminant chemical ventriculomeningitis leading to cerebral edema and death following ITLC administration. Adjunctive glucocorticoids are recommended. Treatment options are limited and complicated by the liposomal formulation of intrathecal cytarabine.
Real time evolution of concentration distribution around tetragonal lysozyme crystal: case study in gel and free solution

Two-beam Michaelson interferometry was used to study concentration gradient layers around gel-grown tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Crystals were grown in gel to depress convection and mimic microgravity. The evolution of the concentration profile near the growing surface, the width of the concentration layer, surface concentration, and concentration gradient were investigated and the correlation of these parameters with lysozyme crystal growth is discussed. The concentration gradient properties of gel-grown crystals were compared to those obtained for solution-grown crystals and were found to be different from their solution-grown counterparts. In particular, concentration gradients were wider and transport rate were slower for gel-grown crystals than for solution counterparts.
Coded aperture imaging - Predicted performance of uniformly redundant arrays

Uniformly redundant arrays (URA) have autocorrelation functions with perfectly flat sidelobes. The URA combines the high-transmission characteristics of the random array with the flat sidelobe advantage of the nonredundant pinhole arrays. A general expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been developed for the URA as a function of the type of object being imaged and the design parameters of the aperture. The SNR expression is used to obtain an expression for the optimum aperture transmission. Currently, the only 2-D URAs known have a transmission of (1/2). This, however, is not a severe limitation because the use of the nonoptimum transmission of (1/2) never causes a reduction in the SNR of more than 30%. The predicted performance of the URA system is compared to the image obtainable from a single pinhole camera. Because the reconstructed image of the URA contains virtually uniform noise regardless of the original object's structure, the improvement over the single pinhole camera is much larger for the bright points than it is for the low intensity points. For a detector with high background noise, the URA will always give a much better image than the single pinhole camera regardless of the structure of the object. In the case of a detector with low background noise, the improvement of the URA relative to the single pinhole camera will have a lower limit of ~(2f)(-(1/2)), where f is the fraction of the field of view that is uniformly filled by the object.
Nuclear lamina builds tissues from the stem cell niche.

Recent studies show that nuclear lamins, the type V intermediate filament proteins, are required for proper building of at least some organs. As the major structural components of the nuclear lamina found underneath the inner nuclear membranes, lamins are ubiquitously expressed in all animal cells. How the broadly expressed lamins support the building of specific tissues is not understood. By studying Drosophila testis, we have uncovered a mechanism by which lamin-B functions in the cyst stem cell (CySC) and its differentiated cyst cell, the cell types known to form the niche/microenvironment for the germline stem cells (GSC) and the developing germ line, to ensure testis organogenesis 1. In this extra view, we discuss some remaining questions and the implications of our findings in the understanding of how the ubiquitous nuclear lamina regulates tissue building in a context-dependent manner.
Growth and Developmental Stages of Alaska Peas

Growth and developmental stages of Alaska peas, from planting to dry seed maturity, were examined and described. Node counts were determined by designating the cotyledonary node as 0 and counting successive nodes up the plant to the highest visible one with unexpanded stipules. Five additional nodes are already determined in the shoot apex beyond the highest one with unexpanded stipules, indicating that damage to the shoot apex would result in losses of flowers and fruits that would have developed later if damage had not occurred.
Onset of mid-Cretaceous volcanism by elevation of the 670 km thermal boundary layer

A pulse of ocean crustal production during the mid-Cretaceous begins at the same time that magnetic reversal frequency drops to zero. We suggest that slab penetration into the lower mantle caused a thermal boundary layer normally at 670 km to be rapidly advected upward as the slabs descended through the lower mantle. The onset of near-surface melting due to the rise of this boundary layer coincides with the slabs9 arrival at D″, which drove up the heat flux across the core-mantle boundary and stabilized the magnetic reversal process. The slab penetration event was coincident with the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent and triggered the subsequent formation of oceanic plateaus in the central Pacific and Indian Ocean basins.
Flexibility of an Antibody Binding Site Measured with Photon Echo Spectroscopy

The lock-and-key and induced fit models of antigen binding by antibodies are topics of considerable importance to immunology and protein biochemistry in general. These models ascribe different degrees of flexibility to the antibody combining site and may therefore be distinguished by measuring the response of the protein to the force exerted by charge redistribution and structural reorganization of an optically excited antigen. Spectroscopic characterization of the magnitude and time scale of this protein reorganization is therefore a basis for comparing the flexibility of different antibodies. This approach is used to study a panel of antibodies elicited to the chromophoric antigen 8-methoxypyrene-1,3,6,trisulfonic acid. The reorganization energies of the chromophore-antibody complexes are determined and are found to be distributed over a wide range. Three pulse photon echo peak shift spectroscopy is used to measure the time scales of the reorganization process in one complex. The antibody motions occur on time scales ranging from 75 femtoseconds to 67 picoseconds. Structural origins of the observed protein motions are discussed.
The importance of retrieval failures to long-term retention: A metacognitive explanation of the spacing effect

Encoding strategies vary in their duration of effectiveness, and individuals can best identify and modify strategies that yield effects of short duration on the basis of retrieval failures. Multiple study sessions with long inter-session intervals are better than massed training at providing discriminative feedback that identifies encoding strategies of short duration. We report two investigations in which long intervals between study sessions yield substantial benefits to long-term retention, at a cost of only moderately longer individual study sessions. When individuals monitor and control encoding over an extended period, targets yielding the largest number of retrieval failures contribute substantially to the spacing advantage. These findings are relevant to theory and to educators whose primary interest in memory pertains to long-term maintenance of knowledge.
Daily cybervictimization among Latino adolescents: Links with emotional, physical and school adjustment

Abstract The current study examines how Latino adolescents’ daily cybervictimization experiences are associated with their emotional and physical well-being and school adjustment. Latino high school students ( N = 118) completed daily checklists across five consecutive school days. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed that daily cybervictimization experiences were associated with greater feelings of distress, anger, shame and physical symptoms. Moderation analyses showed gender differences such that the daily level associations with distress and anger were significant for Latinas but not Latino adolescents. Daily cybervictimization experiences were also related to increased school attendance problems such as arriving late to class or skipping a class. Mediation models indicated that daily feelings of distress accounted for the association between single episodes of cybervictimization and attendance problems. The results address several voids in the cybervictimization literature and demonstrate that a discrete encounter of victimization online is associated with compromised well-being and school adjustment among Latino adolescents.
Research direction and economic feasibility: An example of systems analysis for lobster aquaculture

Abstract This paper summarizes a current research effort to define the bioeconomics of aquaculture and to develop a mathematical model of an aquaculture facility, which emphasizes biological functional relationships and yields quantitative measurements (in dollars) of outcomes for a hypothetical production facility. Results are of potential use to researchers and to prospective aquaculturists, for they portray key parameters in production processes, lead to insights to cost-effective research, and summarize the “state-of-the-art” for those concerned with economic feasibility. The technique used is computer simulation in a systems-like definition of a possible culture facility.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Metastatic Squamous Cell Cancer of the Neck

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) spreads through direct extension, lymphatic vessels, and, rarely, hematogenous routes. The most common malignancies to metastasize to the spleen include carcinomas of the breast, lung, and melanoma. We present an unusual case of SCC of the neck with splenic metastases. The patient presented with a primary solid tumor of the neck that extended into the surrounding soft tissues, including the internal jugular vein and regional lymph nodes. A metastatic work-up with a positron emission tomograph showed enhancement in the left upper quadrant. A computed tomograph (CT) was then performed. The CT revealed three distinct splenic lesions, the largest measuring 6 × 6.5 × 2.5 cm. Subsequently, the patient was scheduled for a splenectomy. At the time of operation, diagnostic laparoscopy revealed only the splenic lesions. A laparoscopic splenectomy was performed successfully and the patient was started on a regular diet on postoperative day 1. This paper describes the first documented ca...
Computing simple models for scatterers in eddy current problems using a modal decomposition

Abstract A modal decomposition method for computing the solution to an eddy-current problem is presented. Modes are computed using the finite element method and the modes produced are simplified to a magnetic polarizability dyadic in the form of a singularity expansion. This reduced form is a very compact and easily-implemented model for the scatterer's reaction to an arbitrary magnetic field. Due to scaling properties, a single model can be applied to scatterers with different sizes and conductivities. The modal decomposition method could be used to compute a variety of parameterized simple models for canonical shapes to assist in algorithm design for clutter discrimination in buried object detection systems. The method is verified using analytically known formulas for the dyadic of a sphere and a loop. The code is then used to predict the behavior of cylinders with arbitrary conductivity and size, showing excellent agreement with a set of measured cylinders.
Haemopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplant in Fanconi anaemia using HLA‐matched sibling umbilical cord blood cells

Summary There have only been a few reports documenting the use of umbilical cord blood as a source of stem cells for haemopoietic reconstitution. We report our experience with a child with Fanconi anaemia (FA) who underwent a stem cell transplant using umbilical cord blood cells from his HLA matched sibling. Although the engraftment was somewhat slow, it was complete and comparable to other transplants performed in FA patients using HLA matched sibling marrow. There was no graft-versus-host disease. The post-transplant period was uncomplicated and, at a follow-up of 36 months, this child is well with normal blood counts and immune function.
Nonlinear optical properties of metal-quantum-dot composites synthesized by ion implantation

Abstract Over a decade ago, it was demonstrated that composites comprising metal clusters embedded in dielectric hosts could be synthesized by ion implantation. The optical properties of these metal-cluster composites are dominated by two phenomena which alter the susceptibilities from those of bulk metals: One is a classical field enhancement effect, dielectric confinement, which leads to the characteristic surface plasmon resonance of the metal clusters seen in absorption spectra. The other effect is quantum confinement of the conduction-band electrons which enhances the nonlinear susceptibility of the metal clusters for diameters smaller than about 10 nm and makes them behave as quantum dots with electronic properties which approximate those of independent electrons confined in a spherical potential well. This paper reviews our studies of the nonlinear optical behavior of quantum-dot composites synthesized by ion implantation. We also consider the potential of these quantum-dot composites as materials for nonlinear waveguide devices.
Anticlastic curvature in draw-bend springback

Draw-bend springback shows a sudden decline as the applied sheet tension approaches the force to yield the strip. This phenomenon coincides with the appearance of persistent anticlastic curvature, which develops during the forming operation and is maintained during unloading under certain test conditions. In order to understand the mechanics of persistent anticlastic curvature and its dependence on forming conditions, aluminum sheet strips of widths ranging from 12 to 50 mm were draw-bend tested with various sheet tensions and tool radii. Finite element simulations were also carried out, and the simulated and measured springback angle and anticlastic curvature were compared. Analytical methods based on large deformation bending theory for elastic plates were employed to understand the occurrence and persistence of the anticlastic curvature. The results showed that the final shape of a specimen cross-section is determined by a dimensionless parameter, which is a function of sheet width, thickness and radius of the primary curvature in the curled region of an unloaded sample. When the normalized sheet tension approaches 1, this parameter rapidly decreases, and significant anticlastic deflection is retained after unloading. The retained anticlastic curvature greatly increases the moment of inertia for bending, and thus reduces springback angle. � 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Core formation in the Earth and Shergottite Parent Body (SPB): Chemical evidence from basalts☆

Abundances of siderophile and chalcophile elements in the shergottite parental body (SPB) have been compared with those of the earth. To this end, new INAA and RNAA analyses of non-Antarctic meteorites have been performed, and the composition of the shergottite SPB mantle has been inferred from the compositions of the SNC meteorites. The composition of the earth's mantle has been inferred from the compositions of terrestrial basalt. Finally, the effects of volatile depletion, core formation, and mineral/melt fractionation on the abundances of siderophile and chalcophile elements in the SPB and the earth have been taken into consideration. Compared to the earth, the SPB mantle is richer in moderately siderophile elements and more depleted with respect to chalcophile elements. The observed relative abundances of siderophile and chalcophile elements in the SPB and the earth mantles indicate that the SPB underwent accretion and/or differentiation processes which differ from those in the earth.
A Reproductive Subtype of Depression: Conceptualizing Models and Moving Toward Etiology

The lifetime risk for major depression in women is well known to be twice the risk in men and is especially high during the reproductive years between menarche and menopause. A subset of reproductive-age women experience depressive episodes that are triggered by hormonal fluctuations. Such "reproductive depressions" involve episodes of depression that occur specifically during the premenstrual, postpartum, and perimenopausal phases in women. These reproductive subtypes of depression can be conceptualized as a specific biological response to the effects of hormonal fluctuations in the brain. The different types of reproductive depressions are associated with each other, have unique risk factors that are distinct from nonreproductive depression episodes, and respond to both hormonal and nonhormonal interventions. This review uses a PubMed search of relevant literature to discuss clinical, animal, and genetic evidence for reproductive depression as a specific subtype of major depression. Unique treatment options, such as hormonal interventions, are also discussed, and hypotheses regarding the underlying biology of reproductive depression-including interactions between the serotonergic system and estrogen, as well as specific effects on neurosteroids-are explored. This review will provide evidence supporting reproductive depression as a distinct clinical entity with specific treatment approaches and a unique biology that is separate from nonreproductive depression.
Integrated Two-Photon Polymerization With Nanoimprinting for Direct Digital Nanomanufacturing

In this work, we demonstrate the plausibility of integrating two-photon polymerization (TPP) with nanoimprinting for direct, digital nanomanufacturing. TPP offers manufacturing of nanomolds at a low cost, while the nanoimprinting process using the nanomolds enables massively parallel printing of nanostructures. A Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser (800 nm wavelength, 100 fs pulse width, at a repetition rate of 80 MHz) was used to induce TPP in dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate to fabricate the nanoimprinting mold with 400 nm wide line array on a glass substrate. The mold surface was silanized by tridecafuoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl-1 trichlorosilane to facilitate the detachment of the mold from the imprinted material. This mold was then used to imprint poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). PEGDA is an important biomaterial for many applications such as tissue scaffolds for cell growth. A spectrophotometer and a scanning electrou microscope were used to characterize the materials and nanostructures.
Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: an evidence based approach

The recently reported results of one of the arms of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (the Estrogen + Progestin arm) have sparked a substantial amount of debate and controversy over the interpretation of the study findings and their implications for the practice of medicine, in particular in reference to the role that hormone therapy (HT) has in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). The WHI study is the only large randomized clinical trial that, to date, has addressed the issue of HT in the primary prevention of CHD and has provided evidence that the formulation used in the study does not provide CHD benefits and increases the overall risk for cardiovascular disease. The WHI findings, together with the findings from other clinical trials that have been published since the initiation of WHI, provide no support for HT in cardiovascular disease prevention. Questions regarding different formulations and administration routes still remain, however, the prudent and sensible approach, while we collect the evidence on these important issues, is to refrain from considering HT a viable solution to the prevention of CHD in post-menopausal women.
A Measure of Relationship Cultivation Strategies

A multiple-item scale for measuring relationship cultivation strategies, the essential day-to-day activities of public relations practitioners, was developed to meet the standards of reliability and validity in measurement. After a discussion of the definition of the relationship cultivation strategies, the procedures used in developing and refining the multiple-item measures are described. The developed measures can help public relations professionals better understand how to nurture and sustain relationships with their target publics.
Dynamic properties of a photoviscoelastic material

This paper describes the results of mechanical and optical measurements on plasticized polyvinyl chloride under dynamic conditions. It covers one task (short-time characterization of the material) of a broader investigation aimed at developing experimental methods for viscoelastic stress analysis. The method of forced sinusoidal oscillations of uniaxial and simple-shear specimens was used for the determination of complex modulus and complex fringe value as functions of frequency. A procedure of correcting for wave-propagation effects was discussed. Results were obtained for frequencies up to 2800 cps in the case of the modulus and up to 1000 cps in the case of the fringe value. Both quantities were converted from functions of frequency to those of time (relaxation modulus and fringe value) by means of an approximate relation.
The masculine role inventory: Components and correlates

An investigation was conducted to develop and validate a self-report inventory, the Masculine Role Inventory (MRI), designed to measure the success preoccupation, restrictive emotionality and inhibited affection aspects of the masculine role. Restrictive emotionality was defined as the restricted expression of privately felt emotions. Inhibited affection refers to the inhibition of feelings of affection and tenderness toward others. Success preoccupation was defined as a persistent preoccupation with success and career development to the exclusion of interpersonal pursuits and devotion. The psychometric properties of the MRI were evaluated with reliability and factor analyses. Self-disclosure correlates were also investigated. The results demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for the MRI.
The development of causal reasoning.

How do inference rules for causal learning themselves change developmentally? A model of the development of causal reasoning must address this question, as well as specify the inference rules. Here, the evidence for developmental changes in processes of causal reasoning is reviewed, with the distinction made between diagnostic causal inference and causal prediction. Also addressed is the paradox of a causal reasoning literature that highlights the competencies of young children and the proneness to error among adults. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:327–335. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1160 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
SUSTAINED ACTION OF INJECTED CHELATING AGENTS

Low-pressure ultrafiltration techniques were used to study the unusual effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic (DTPA) acids on the elimination of radioactive metals from animals. The Ca salt of DTPA was injected into rats 3 days after an injection of Pu/sup 239/, and the ultrafilterability of Pu from the bone, liver, and plasma was measured after killing the rats at intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after injection. The results show that the diffusibility of Pu remains > 10x greater than that of control animals for at least 7 days. DTPA was compared with EDTA by addition to blood samples taken from rats 15 min after Pu injection; at chelate concentrations of 10/sup -6/ to 10/sup -5/ M, DTPA was found to be more effective in increasing the % ultrafiltered Pu. The ultrafiltration of Sr in blood was also studied and found to be identical with that of controls up to 2 x 10/sup -2/ M EDTA, a concentration unattainable in the blood of living animals. Experiments similar to those with Pu were made with Th/sup 234/ and gave similar results, DTPA again being superior to EDTA. (D.L.C.)
Acetaldehyde-Modified Lysozyme Function: Its Potential Implication in the Promotion of Infection in Alcoholics

Abstract Incubation of lysozyme with acetaldehyde (0.44 M) at room temperature for 2 h produces a 62% inhibition of enzymic activity. Because the active site cleft contains tryptophyls, asparagine, glutamine, and an arginine residue, and because acetaldehyde reacts with indoles, amides, and guanidines, it is suggested that these sites are likely ones for alkylation. The ϵ-amino groups of lysines on the surface of the molecule are also susceptible to covalent modification. Total acetylation of lysozyme has been reported to inactivate the enzyme. These results suggest the possibility that inactivation of a fraction of the lysozyme activity by acetaldehyde may decrease the effectiveness of the enzyme in chronic alcoholics, thereby leading to an increased potential for susceptibility to bacterial infection.
The paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin labels in phospholipid membranes

Abstract An analysis of the paramagnetic resonance spectra of phospholipid spin labels incorporated in phospholipid bilayer membranes is described. The analysis takes into account rapid anisotropic motion which gives rise to an effective spin Hamiltonian. The broadening of transitions between the eigenstates of this effective Hamiltonian is approximated using Redfield relaxation theory. The analysis of the spectra also takes into account spacial distributions of the axes of the effective spin Hamiltonian as well as a field-induced orientation of the lipid molecules. Resonance spectra are reported for isotropic samples, as well as oriented multibilayers (smectic liquid crystals), at 9.3 and 35.0 GHz, for various orientations of the applied field. Order parameters for the phospholipid spin labels are determined, and calculations are made of order parameters appropriate to different types of spectroscopic time-averaging, including ensemble-average order parameters that correspond to long-time averages.
Characterization of dominant-negative and temperature-sensitive mutants of tombusvirus replication proteins affecting replicase assembly.

Abstract The assembly of the viral replicase complex (VRC) on subcellular membranes is a key step in the replication process of plus-stranded RNA viruses. In this work, we have identified lethal and temperature sensitive (ts) point mutations within the essential p33:p33/p92 interaction domain of p33 and p92 replication proteins of Cucumber necrosis virus , a tombusvirus. Mutations within the p33:p33/p92 interaction domain also affected viral RNA recombination in yeast model host. An in vitro approach based on yeast cell free extract demonstrated that several p33 and p92 mutants behaved as dominant-negative during VRC assembly, and they showed reduced binding to the viral (+)RNA and affected activation of the p92 RdRp protein, while they did not directly influence (−) or (+)-strand synthesis. Overall, the presented data provide direct evidence that the p33:p33/p92 interaction domains in p33 and p92 are needed for the early stage of virus replication and also influence viral recombination.
Two investigational glycylcyclines, DMG-DMDOT and DMG-MINO antimicrobial activity studied against gram-positive species

Abstract DMG-DMDOT (CL-331,002 or CL-331,928) and DMG-MINO (CL-329,998 or CL-344,677) are two new semisynthetic tetracyclines called glycylcyclines, with a broad spectrum of activity that includes Enterobacteriaceae , Grampositive cocci, JK diphtheroids, and Bacillus cereus . Potent activity was demonstrated against all Streptococcus spp. strains [minimum inhibitory concentrations] (MIC 90 s) 0.06–0.25 μg/ml) and staphylococci (oxacillin susceptible and resistant; MIC 90 s 0.12–2 μg/ml). Both glycylcyclines (MIC 90 , 0.06 μg/ml) were more potent than minocycline (MIC 90 8 μg/ml) against Enterococcus faecium , many of which were vancomycin resistant (116 strains). Organisms with minocycline MICs at ⩾ 8 μg/ml ( Staphylococcus aureus , enterococci, β-hemolytic streptococci, and pneumococci) had glycylcycline MIC results ranging from 0.06 to 0.5 μg/ml (e.g., apparent use against existing tetracycline-resistance phenotypes). Drugs in this class appear promising for therapy of infections caused by Gram-positive species now testing resistant to contemporary antimicrobial agents, and further development of compounds in this class is encouraged.
Dependability as a cloud service - a modular approach

Failures of services on cloud platforms are only to be expected. To deal with such failures, one is naturally inclined to use the traditional measure of replication. However, replication of services on distributed cloud platforms poses several challenges that are not well met by today's Java middleware systems. These challenges are the need to isolate state in the application components so that easy migration and recovery are possible and the requirement for client transparency when dealing with different replicated service instances. For example, Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) makes it difficult to have transparent replication of services due to the above two reasons plus the fine-grained nature of interactions between its components (the Enterprise Java Beans). In this paper, we show parts of the design of OSGi, a specification defining a dynamic component system in Java, that make it suitable for the above task. We then propose two extensions to OSGi which will allow exposing and exporting application component state and transparent invocation of service instances. These two together can enable easy replication and recovery from failures in cloud environments. We show through experiments that our prototype can migrate a failed service quickly enough to a new machine so that a client experiences only a moderate increase in service invocation time during system recovery.
Viscous incompressible flow between concentric rotating spheres. Part 2. Hydrodynamic stability

The energy theory of hydrodynamic stability is applied to the viscous incompressible flow of a fluid contained between two concentric spheres which rotate about a common axis with prescribed angular velocities. The critical Reynolds number is calculated for various radius and angular velocity ratios such that it is certain the basic laminar motion is stable to any disturbances. The stability problem is solved by means of a toroidal–poloidal representation of the disturbance flow and numerical integration of the resulting eigenvalue problem.
A Bayesian Framework for Multimodel Regression

Abstract This paper presents a framework based on Bayesian regression and constrained least squares methods for incorporating prior beliefs in a linear regression problem. Prior beliefs are essential in regression theory when the number of predictors is not a small fraction of the sample size, a situation that leads to overfitting—that is, to fitting variability due to sampling errors. Under suitable assumptions, both the Bayesian estimate and the constrained least squares solution reduce to standard ridge regression. New generalizations of ridge regression based on priors relevant to multimodel combinations also are presented. In all cases, the strength of the prior is measured by a parameter called the ridge parameter. A “two-deep” cross-validation procedure is used to select the optimal ridge parameter and estimate the prediction error. The proposed regression estimates are tested on the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) hindcasts of s...
Effective Therapeutic Wilderness Camp Programs for Rehabilitating Emotionally-Disturbed, Problem Teenagers and Delinquents

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explicate the development, structure and functions of the Hope Center Wilderness Camp (HCWC). The qualitative relations among theoretical principles, on which the HCWC programs are based, to the high success rate of 85% for campers who complete the camp's program and do not reci-divate, within six months after being released from camp, are analyzed. Criteria for accepting campers include: age range, 12-17 years; each camper mustbe emotionally disturbed, but not mentally retarded; nature of offense-varies from truancy or adolescent incorri-gibility to (adult) felony offenses, including murder. Fifty-two percent of the campers are referred to HCWC by juvenile court judges. Each prospective applicant, however, must choose to become a HCWC client as a prerequisite for being accepted as a camper. The analysis of this article attempts articulation of those methods and techniques, which have proven to be most efficacious in facilitating attainment of the above high succes...
Comments on "Energy Considerations for Attitude Stability of Dual-Spin Spacecraft"

HE dual-spin concept of satellite design has evoked much interest in recent' years, and the application of energy methods to the analysis of such systems has provided results which have been useful to designers in spite of their approximate nature. In a recent Technical Note,1 B. T. Fang employs energy methods to study the behavior of a dual-spin system that supposedly admits the possibility of energy dissipation on both of the rotating sections. A stability criterion is obtained by heuristic arguments, and behavior is discussed. As will be shown, however, application of the aforementioned stability criterion leads to a contradiction which indicates the necessity of re-examining the assumptions underlying Fang's development. To discuss meaningfully the stability of motion of a physical system, one must carefully describe the particular motion whose stability is of interest. For the system described in Ref. 1, consider the motion consisting of pure spin in which the rotor axis is aligned with the system angular momentum vector. Further, let this motion be called asymptotically stable if and only if the system responds to a slight initial disturbance by returning to a similar state of pure spin for a slightly displaced angular momentum vector. Using this definition together with the heuristic arguments advanced by Fang, it follows that asymptotic stability will obtain if and only if the magnitude of a quantity /* defined as
Population dynamics of autotrophic picoplankton in a southeastern U.S. Reservoir

Reservoirs typically exhibit a gradient along their longitudinal axis in turbidity, nutrient flux, and algal biomass. We utilized these characteristics to examine factors influencing temporal and spatial patterns in abundance, biomass, composition, and production of epilimnetic autotrophic picoplankton (APP) in Sardis Reservoir, Mississippi, USA. Over a 18-month period, APP abundance varied between about 15,000 and 700,000 cells ml -1 . Both APP abundance and APP biomass were closely linked to APP production and temperature. On an annual basis, the contribution of APP to total algal biomass and light-standardized production ranged between 15-47%, and 5-40%, respectively. Prokaryotes comprised more than 95 % of all APP in summer, but eukaryotes dominated the APP community in winter. During the nutrient-depleted summer period, APP decreased in number but tended to increase in the percentage of total algal biomass and production, from the uplake riverine zone to the downlake lacustrine zone. Only in the second year of the study, when reservoir water residence time was more than four times greater than in the first year, were there significant differences in biomass and productivity of APP between the uplake and downlake regional We suggest that, particularly in years or at times of the year when water-flow through the reservoir is slow, the importance of APP in Sardis Reservoir reflects a spatial and temporal gradient in nutrient availability.