cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposed Conceptual Taxonomy for Proper Identification and Classification of Tornado Events

Abstract A practical approach is recommended for identifying and archiving tornado events, based on the use of definitions that label all vortices as either type I, II, or III tornadoes. This methodology will provide a more meaningful tornado climatology in Storm Data, which separates and classifies all vortices associated in any manner with cumuliform clouds. Tornadoes produced within the mesocyclone of discrete supercell storms, with strong local updrafts (SLUs), will be classified as type I tornadoes. Frequently, these type I tornadoes result from the interaction of the SLU with strong rear-flank downdrafts (RFDs), or with shear vortices in the PBL. Tornadoes produced in association with quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) will be classified as type II tornadoes (including cold pool, rear-inflow jets, bookend, and mesovortex events along the line). All other vortex types (including landspouts, waterspouts, gustnadoes, cold air vortices, and tornadoes not associated with mesocyclones or QLCS) will be...
Some recent studies on Port-Royal and Vaugelas

Abstract The Grammaire universelle et raisonnee, or “Grammaire de Port-Royal”, of Claude Lancelot and Antoine Arnauld (first published in 1660; third, definitive edition, 1676) has undergone several fluctuations in critical esteem. On its first appearance, and for nearly two centuries thereafter, it enjoyed great popularity, going through five editions and fifteen reprints up to 1846. 1 Cf. the list given in Brekle (ed.) 1966:xix-xxi. It is widely recognized 2 Cf. such discussions as those of Brunot (1913:4.57–60); Harnois (1928:21); Sahlin (1928, passim); Donze (1967, passim); Kukenheim (1966:41–46); etc. that Port-Royal was a prime source of the “universal grammar” movement of the eighteenth century, influencing such theoreticians as Du Marsais, 3 Cf. the detailed discussion of Du Marsais in Sahlin 1928. Beauzee, Destutt de Tracy, Court de Gebelin, etc., down to Girault-Duvivier. 4 For Girault-Duvivier, cf. Levitt 1968. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, especially under the influence of his...
Path number of bipartite digraphs

Abstract In this paper it is proved that the path number of the complete symmetric bipartite digraph on n and n vertices is n + 1, thereby establishing a conjecture of Chein.
Endotoxin, TLR4 Signaling and Vascular Inflammation: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adult populations in the Western world. Significant progress in understanding the etiology of cardiovascular disease has come from recent recognition that chronic inflammation plays a key role in its development. The principal mediators of this inflammatory response, and the mechanisms by which they work, however, are incompletely understood. Moreover, the complex nature of the inflammatory response poses significant challenges to the development of effective and targeted treatments. Potentially promising targets to reduce inflammation in atherosclerosis include Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways and anti-inflammatory factors that modulate TLR signaling. In this review, we outline studies that provide insight into the links between cardiovascular disease and inflammation, focusing on innate immunity and endotoxin/TLR4 signaling. We also discuss the contribution of specific host immune/inflammatory responses to atherogenesis, and describe cellular signaling pathways (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP], CD14, MD-2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, among others) that play key roles in innate immune signaling. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating these cellular signaling pathways as future strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, including such approaches as specific targeting of the TLR4 signaling pathway, antibiotic therapy, drug classes with broad anti-inflammatory activity (statins, thiazolidinediones), and the potential of vaccine development. Because of the complexity of the links between low-level chronic infections, inflammation, and atherosclerosis, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease will likely require an integrated approach that utilizes a combination of these strategies to target the underlying inflammatory processes.
OER and the value of openness: implications for the knowledge economy

The knowledge economy is marked by recent trends in technological advancement, globalisation and increasing knowledge intensity. Through new technologies like Open Educational Resources (OER), knowledge can be freely accessed by individuals around the world, blurring traditional notions of ownership and prompting a social transformation manifested through values based on open knowledge access. This paper examines the extent to which values of openness are at odds with the capitalist frameworks underlying the knowledge economy and considers whether the influence of openness is transitory or whether a new capitalism must evolve in order to support social forces based on these values.
Baseline ECG and VT ablation: Is there more to it than just skimming the surface?

A growing body of literature supports left ventricular scar as an outcome predictor in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. While ejection fraction has been traditionally recognized as a “risk stratifier” in patients with coronary artery disease, limitations clearly exist as evidenced by relatively low rates of appropriate implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD) discharges in devices placed for primary prophylaxis. Scar burden is emerging as a new marker to predict outcomes. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for determining location and burden of myocardial scar in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and emerging data from several studies have shown a relation not only to mortality 1,2 but also to arrhythmia burden. 3,4 Late gadolinium enhancement is used to delineate scar, but several factors can affect this determination, including methods to quantify scar (which in some cases may be semiautomated) and impact of the infarct border zone is still unclear. Cardiac MRI is not readily available at all centers and not readily feasible in patients with ICDs at least in their current iteration. Therefore, electrocardiogram (ECG) quantification of scar is a useful proposition as a simple, noninvasive analysis and the Selvester score has been used as a surrogate. This score has been shown to correlate with MRI scar and to predict inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT)
A systolic algorithm for adaptive set membership identification

An adaptive set membership identification algorithm with a very flexible forgetting scheme is presented. In preliminary experiments, the method yields highly accurate estimates using very few of the data, and quickly adapts to fast-changing dynamics. A compact systolic architecture to implement this algorithm is developed which uses O(m) cells and reduces the computational complexity to O(m) operations per observation, where m represents the number of parameters to be estimated in a linear system or signal model. >
Evaluating the relationship between daily self-monitoring of blood glucose and healthcare costs

SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the economic impact of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in a diabetic Medicaid population.The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study in a Utah Medicaid population with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus between 1 June 2001 and 31 December 2001. The main outcome measures were a change from baseline in total healthcare costs and diabetes-related healthcare costs following the initiation of SMBG as measured by a pharmacy claim for glucose monitoring reagent strips.A total of 665 insulin users and 885 oral agent (OA) users enrolled in the Utah Medicaid programme and were included in the study. OA users with a claim for glucose monitoring reagent strips were approximately 2 years older and had higher co-morbidity, as measured by the RxRisk score, than controls. Only 7.3% practiced SMBG according to American Diabetes Association guidelines. Insulin users with more than two, or more than three strips per day had 65.1% and 41.5% higher total heal...
Identification and analysis of synthesis routes in complex catalytic reaction networks for biomass upgrading

Abstract In this paper, we present a method to construct and query the spectrum (>15,000) of potential biomass-derived compounds that can be synthesized using heterogeneous catalysis. Specifically, it involves the construction of an exhaustive network of reactions using RING, a rule-based network generator that we have developed, to identify potentially synthesizable compounds from biomass. Subsequently, we: (a) employ quantitative structure–property relationships to query compounds with desired properties, (b) seek different synthesis routes to these compounds, and (c) evaluate these routes in terms of stoichiometric, energetics, and physical parameters such as atom efficiency, enthalpy and free energy change of reactions, and aqueous-organic partition coefficients (Log P ) of intermediates. Thermochemistry and Log P are both estimated using group additivity methods, and all property estimations are performed on-the-fly during network generation. We present this method in context of identifying and evaluating heterogeneous catalytic routes from biomass to fatty alcohols that are potential constituents of nonionic surfactants. We also show that group additivity-based estimates of enthalpy of reaction are accurate to within 10 kJ/mol and Log P values reliably predict the relative hydrophobicity of compounds. This method is generic, flexible, reliable and fast in terms of the scope of chemistry that can be considered, properties that can be included, predictive accuracy, and speed of execution; it can, therefore, be used to rapidly screen a large spectrum of compounds and synthesis routes in biomass conversion.
Rigoberta Menchii and the Story of all Poor Guatemalans

Rigoberta Menchu and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans. David Stoll. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. xvii. 283 pp., chronology, map, notes, references, index.
A History-Based Automatic Scheduling Model for Personnel Risk Management

Personnel risk is an issue which has not been researched well but plays an important role to determine whether a software project succeeds or fails. Most existing research workfocuses on subjective expertise while an objective view is lacking. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the demand for an automatic tool to support risk management has not been answered yet. In this research, based on objective historical data, we extend our earlier model, cability- based scheduling framework, by including risk analysis. Hence we provide a novel approach to mitigate personnel risks while achieving a project schedule with minimum cost.
The Effect of Feed Intake on Body Temperature and Water Consumption of Male Broilers During Heat Exposure

Abstract Two trials were conducted to study the effect of feed intake on rectal temperature and water consumption of acclimated and unacclimated broilers during heat exposure. Male broiler chicks, 100 per trial, were raised as one group to 29 days for Trial 1 and 36 days for Trial 2. The birds were moved to environmental chambers and 50 per trial were acclimated by being subjected to 3 consecutive days of 24 C, 35 C, 24 C cyclic temperature. After acclimation, the birds were exposed to a linear change in temperature from 24 to 41 C over 3 h with a constant 10 C dewpoint, starting at 0800 h on Day 34 for Trial 1 and on Day 41 for Trial 2. The feeding schedule for the day of the heat exposure was as follows. For the feed group, feed was removed from the birds at 0400 h and placed back at 0700 h. For the no feed group, feed was removed at 0700 h. At 0800 h, feed was removed from all birds but water was accessible throughout the heat exposure. Acclimated and unacclimated birds given access to feed for 1 h before a heat exposure consumed 60 and 50 mL of water per broiler, respectively, during the heat exposure. However, for broilers not receiving feed, the water consumption was 58 and 30 mL per broiler, respectively. Acclimated and unacclimated broilers given access to feed had similar body temperatures, but the acclimated broilers not receiving feed had a significantly lower ending rectal temperature than the unacclimated group.
Consistent Estimates of Autoregressive Parameters and Extended Sample Autocorrelation Function for Stationary and Nonstationary ARMA Models

Abstract A unified approach for the tentative specification of the order of mixed stationary and nonstationary ARMA models is proposed. For the ARMA models, an iterative regression procedure is given to produce consistent estimates of the autoregressive parameters. An extended sample autocorrelation function based on these consistent estimates is then defined and used for order determination. One of the advantages of this new approach is that it eliminates the need to determine, usually rather arbitrarily, the order of differencing to produce stationarity in modeling time series. Comparisons with other existing identification methods are discussed, and several samples are given.
Microbiological Preservation of Cucumbers for Bulk Storage Using Acetic Acid and Food Preservatives

Microbial growth did not occur when cucumbers were preserved without a thermal process by storage insolutionscontainingaceticacid,sodiumbenzoate,andcalciumchloridetomaintaintissuefirmness.Theconcen- trations of acetic acid and sodium benzoate required to ensure preservation were low enough so that stored cucum- bers could be converted to the finished product without the need to wash out and discard excess acid or preserva- tive. Since no thermal process was required, this method of preservation would be applicable for storing cucumbers in bulk containers. Acid tolerant pathogens died off in less than 24 h with the pH, acetic acid, and sodium ben- zoate concentrations required to assure the microbial stability of cucumbers stored at 30 ◦ C. Potassium sorbate as a
Assessing Improvement in the Energy Efficiency of U.S. Auto Assembly Plants

this objective and to provide a measure of a manufacturing plant’s energy efficiency, ENERGY STAR developed a statistical benchmarking approach. This approach, embodied in the ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Indicator (EPI), estimates the energy use of “best in class” plants and the range of performance across the industry. The first EPI was developed for automobile assembly plants using data from the year 2000, and was updated in a second EPI with 2005 as the base year. In addition to providing the industry with a tool to benchmark its plant energy performance, the process of updating the tool has allowed EPA to document improvement in the industry’s overall energy performance for 2000-2005. We find that electricity use per vehicle in the best plants improved by 2%, while the fuel use per vehicle improved a dramatic 12%. These changes resulted in a reduction of 696 million pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the plants used for this study. The range of performance in fuel use has also narrowed over time, implying that other plants have been catching up to the best-in-class plants. This catching up contributes a reduction of another 766 million pounds of CO2, for a total reduction of nearly 1.5 billion pounds of CO2. This paper describes the voluntary ENERGY STAR program policy approach selected to engage and motivate the automobile manufacturing industry to improve its energy performance, and the results of the industry's efforts to advance energy management as measured by the updated EPI.
Progressive postinjury thrombocytosis is associated with thromboembolic complications.

Background Our previous investigation demonstrated that despite routine chemoprophylaxis, thrombelastography, which is a comprehensive test measuring the viscoelastic properties of blood, identified a hypercoagulable state in a cohort of critically ill surgical patients that was associated with thromboemobolic events. Furthermore, because thrombelastography allows for the comprehensive assessment of coagulation status, this work suggested that platelet hyperactivity is a component of the hypercoagulable state. We hypothesized that progressive postinjury thrombocytosis contributes to a hypercoagulable state that is associated with thrombelastography. Methods One thousand four hundred and forty severely injured patients surviving >48 h were entered into a database prospectively over 12 years. The variables that were evaluated in associated with thrombocytosis (platelet count >450,000) included age, Injury Severity Score, packed red blood cell transfusions in 12 h, and thromboemobolic complications (TE) (deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, mesenteric thrombosis, stroke, and arterial thrombosis). The time frame for the development of thrombocytosis was assessed at greater or less than 7 days postinjury. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent variables predictive of thrombocytosis and to adjust the association of thrombocytosis with TE for other risk factors. C-statistic was used to assess the discriminative power of thrombocytosis for prediction of TE. Results The mean age was 37.4 ± 0.4 years. The Injury Severity Score was 29.3 ± 0.3, and mean red blood cell transfusions in 12 h was 4.4 ± 0.2 units. Injury via blunt force occurred in 76% of patients, and 72% of patients were male. Thrombocytosis was identified in 447 (31%) patients and was noted almost exclusively >7 days postinjury (98%). TE developed in 35 (8%) of the 447 patients with thrombocytosis, compared with 45 (4.5%) of the remaining 993 patients who did not develop thrombocytosis. Persistent thrombocytosis >7 days was associated with TE ( P > .0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that when adjusted for intensive care unit duration of stay, transfusions, age, and Injury Severity Score, patients with sustained thrombocytosis more than 3 days were noted to have a 1.4 × increased risk of TE (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.2; P = .002; C-statistic = 0.82). Conclusion Persistent thrombocytosis in critically injured patients receiving routine chemoprophylaxis is associated with thrombotic complications. Subsequent investigation is warranted to differentiate enzymatic from platelet hypercoagulability to ascertain the role of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of TE.
Asymptotics of the solution of the main problem of fire theory for nonrectangular embrasures

We obtain asymptotic representations at zero and infinity for the solution of the main problem of fire theory for the case of an arbitrary system of embrasures. We compute the initial height of the equipressure plane and obtain conditions under which the one-sided operation mode of all embrasures is realized.
The global sustainability challenge: from agreement to action

The United Nations General Assembly will hold the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002. The aim of the summit is to review progress in the implementation of sustainable development goals adopted in 1992 at the historic United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro and map out a strategy for renewed commitment to sustainable development. While there is general agreement that progress towards sustainability has been slow, there is no agreement on why so little has been achieved. The most common explanation is that the political will needed to translate the commitments into action has been lacking. Developing countries, on the other hand, assert that their ability to implement the goals of sustainability has been hampered by the low level of international assistance in general and by the failure of the industrialized countries to honour their promises at the UNCED. This argues that the sustainability transition is a knowledge-intensive process involving considerable investment in science and technology. In addition, it entails significant adjustments in global, regional and national institutions to reflect the imperatives of sustainability. The paper outlines the kinds of institutional adjustments that are needed to promote the transition towards sustainability.
Histiocytoid Hemangioma of the Testis: A Case Report

We report a rare case of testicular histiocytoid hemangioma. Pathological features and differential diagnosis of this neoplasm are discussed. Testicular vascular tumors are rare, and include cavernous hemangioma,' capillary hemangioma? papillary endothelial hyperplasia3 and hemangioend~thelioma.~*~ The term histiocytoid hemangioma was proposed by Rosai et a1 to refer to certain vascular proliferations of skin, soft tissue, large blood vessels, bone and heart.6 The microscopic marker of these lesions is the proliferation of plump endothelial cells with bland nuclear features accompanied by a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Histiocytoid hemangioma has rarely been described in the We report an additional case of histiocytoid hemangioma of the testis. CASE REPORT A 33-year-old white man consulted a urologist after palpating a mass in the right testis. The patient had no history of trauma or infection and no other symptoms. Medical and family histories were unremarkable. His wife had recently given birth to their second child. Physical examination was unremarkable except for a hard, approximately 2 cm. mass in the right testis with no significant testicular enlargement. Ultrasound revealed a 1.7 cm. mass in the upper half of the right testis. Findings were most consistent with a neoplastic process and radical inguinal orchiectomy was subsequently performed. Convalescence was uneventful. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Estimation of Temperature During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Using Impedance Measurements

Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation is useful but requires specialized equipment that is not generally available. Previous studies have shown that impedance characteristically decreases as the result of heating at the electrode-tissue interface. The purpose of the current study was to determine if impedance changes during radiofrequency current application could be used to estimate endocardial temperature in patients undergoing catheter ablation. Data from 43 patients treated with a thermistor ablation catheter were retrospectively analyzed. The slope of the initial 2 seconds of the impedance curve and subsequent changes in impedance were incorporated into an equation for estimation of temperature in real-time. The accuracy of this equation was assessed by prospectively comparing the calculated and measured temperatures in 19 patients. Of the 88% of energy applications that were suitable for analysis, the average difference between calculated and measured temperatures was 5.2 +/- 5.6 degrees C. The average error was 90 degrees C).
Immunoassay detection of nordiazepam, triazolam, lorazepam, and alprazolam in blood.

The ability of commercial benzodiazepine immunoassays to detect nordiazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, and triazolam in blood samples was investigated. Two radioimmunoassays (RIA) (Abuscreen [RIA-a] and the Diagnostic Products Corporation serum kit [RIA-d]), two enzyme immunoassays (EIA) (Emit d.a.u. [EIA-u] and Emit TOX serum assay [EIA-s]), and two fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIA) (X-systems urine [FPIA-u] and X-systems serum assay [FPIA-s]) were evaluated for their ability to detect benzodiazepines in fortified drug-free human or bovine blood. Prior extraction of the blood was necessary for analysis on the equipment used for EIA and FPIA. Extraction with an organic solvent, such as butyl chloride used in this study, was preferable to precipitation with methanol or zinc sulfate. For all these assays, extraction eliminated matrix effects and offered the possibility of increased sensitivity by reconstitution of the extract in a smaller volume. Extraction was necessary in bovine blood, as there is some nonextractable substance(s) in this matrix that increases non-specific binding. Using extraction with reconstitution in one-half the original volume, the apparent limit of detection for nordiazepam in blood ranged from 3 ng/mL, with RIA-d, to 30 ng/mL, with EIA-s and FPIA-s. These limits of detection were improved by further reduction of the reconstitution volume. RIA-a, EIA-s, and FPIA-s had cross-reactivity for alprazolam that was equivalent to or slightly better than nordiazepam. RIA-d had enhanced cross-reactivity for alprazolam at 30-300 ng/mL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recent advances in the study of gynodioecy: the interface of theory and empiricism.

†Background In this review we report on recent literature concerned with studies of gynodioecy, or the cooccurrence of female and hermaphrodite individuals in natural plant populations. Rather than review this literature initsentirety,ourfocusisontheinterplaybetweentheoreticalandempiricalapproachestothestudyofgynodioecy. †Scope Five areas of active inquiry are considered. These are the cost of restoration, the influence of population structure on spatial sex-ratio variation, the influence of inbreeding on sex expression, the signature of cyto-nuclear coevolution on the mitochondrial genome, and the consequences of mitochondrial paternal leakage. †Conclusions Recent advances in the study of gynodioecy have been made by considering both the ecology of female:hermaphrodite fitness differences and the genetics of sex expression. Indeed theory has guided empiricism and empiricism has guided theory. Future advances will require that some of the methods currently available only for model organisms be applied to a wider range of species.
Some needed changes in US managerial culture and practices to regain international competitiveness

Abstract The necessity for increasing the international competitiveness of US manufacturing industries has been gaining increasing recognition for nearly a decade. Managerial responses have fallen short of sharply reducing the lag in most industries and of preventing a continuing decline in many. This paper is based on a presentation to the Conference on Renewing US Global Competitiveness: Innovative Manufacturing and Entrepreneurial Management at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, USA on April 25, 1987.
Dynamic Natural Monopoly Regulation: Time Inconsistency, Asymmetric Information, and Political Environments

This paper quantitatively assesses time inconsistency, asymmetric information, and political ideology in monopoly regulation of electricity distribution companies. Empirically, we estimate that (1) there is under-investment in electricity distribution capital to reduce power outages, (2) more conservative political environments have higher regulated returns, and (3) more conservative political environments have more electricity lost in distribution. We explain these empirical results with an estimated dynamic game model of utility regulation featuring investment and asymmetric information. We quantify the value of regulatory commitment in inducing more investment. Conservative regulators improve welfare losses due to time inconsistency, but worsen losses from asymmetric information.
Application of thin, acoustic lenses in a 32-beam, dual-frequency, diver-held sonar

Often divers and small autonomous submersibles need the ability to detect objects and sense the terrain in turbid water, where optical systems fail. This paper discusses a prototype sonar built at the Applied Physics Laboratory that uses two thin acoustic lenses. The lenses simultaneously form 16 beams 0.5/spl deg/ in azimuth at 750 kHz and 16 beams 2/spl deg/ in azimuth at 200 kHz. The elevational beamwidth at both frequencies is 7/spl deg/. The sonar processing forms a shadow-graph display similar to a sidescan sonar display. The sonar has a field of view of 40/spl deg/, and the maximum range displayed varies from 3 to 60 m. The image refresh rate varies from 7 to 10 times per second. The sonar operates between 4 and 5 hours on a single charge of 7 A-h NiCad batteries. The lenses were designed with the help of desktop computer programs for optical lens design. Additional software was used to model the expected acoustic beampatterns. The polystyrene lenses form high-resolution beams acoustically and thus eliminate the need for a complex and power-intensive electronic beamformer. The lenses preform the beams before they are sensed on the array such that envelope detection takes place before sampling. This reduces the required sampling rate by over an order of magnitude compared with that of an electronic beamformer. The paper describes the lenses, transducer array, signal processing, results of in-water tests, and plans for a second prototype using 64 beams of which half are 0.5/spl deg/ wide and half are 0.75/spl deg/ wide.
Optimizing the Betts-Miller-Janjic cumulus parameterization with Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture

The schemes of cumulus parameterization are responsible for the sub-grid-scale effects of convective and/or shallow clouds, and intended to represent vertical fluxes due to unresolved updrafts and downdrafts and compensating motion outside the clouds. Some schemes additionally provide cloud and precipitation field tendencies in the convective column, and momentum tendencies due to convective transport of momentum. The schemes all provide the convective component of surface rainfall. Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) is one scheme to fulfill such purposes in the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) has tried to optimize the BMJ scheme for operational application. As there are no interactions among horizontal grid points, this scheme is very suitable for parallel computation. With the advantage of Intel Xeon Phi Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture, efficient parallelization and vectorization essentials, it allows us to optimize the BMJ scheme. If compared to the original code respectively running on one CPU socket (eight cores) and on one CPU core with Intel Xeon E5-2670, the MIC-based optimization of this scheme running on Xeon Phi coprocessor 7120P improves the performance by 2.4x and 17.0x, respectively.
The first sparks of collaboration: Participating in job interviews for faculty candidates

As shown by many inspiring articles in C&RL News over the past few years, academic librarians are energetically seeking ways to spark collaborations with teaching faculty and build partnerships that enrich the learning experiences of our students. Librarians often have their first opportunity to meet a new faculty member when the prospective professor comes to campus for an interview. Perhaps you’re a liaison to an academic department, and the department brings faculty candidates over to the library so that you can give them a quick tour and highlight the array of information resources they could access if they accepted positions on your campus. I think these library visits are great opportunities to kindle relationships with new faculty. This article offers some questions to consider when preparing for faculty interviews, based on tips and advice that I’ve received from outstanding teaching faculty and seasoned library colleagues over the years. What are the candidate’s interests? Take an active interest in the potential faculty member’s work. Often, you can obtain a copy of the candidate’s curriculum vitae from the host department before the interview, and you can search for the candidate’s publications in your databases. Reading the abstracts of the candidate’s dissertation and articles can help you converse with them about his or her interests. Finding out what journals he or she has published in (and edited for) will help you determine what journals the candidate hopes to see in your library’s collection. Reviewing the website of the candidate’s current library can also help you prepare, because the candidate might ask if your library has some of the same services and resources. Be prepared to cover the key points about your library, but be flexible and strive for a conversational, faculty-centered approach. On the day of the interview, ask the faculty member what library-related topics would most interest him or her, and take it from there: What kinds of research plans do you have? What tools will you need for your teaching? Are there specific library services that you would particularly like to hear about? What resources have you found most useful in your past projects?
High Responsivity, Bandpass Near-UV Photodetector Fabricated From PVA- $\hbox{In}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Nanoparticles on a GaN Substrate

High photoresponsivity in the near-ultraviolet (UV) range was observed for a photodetector fabricated from polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA)-coated In2O3 nanoparticles. The high responsivity is due to large depletion region introduced by ion-adsorbed oxygen on the surface of In2O3 nanoparticles. Experiments demonstrated that the photodetector exhibited either a low-pass or bandpass spectral response, depending on the illumination directions. Transient characteristics of photoconductivity have been studied, which shows a rise time of 700 s and a fall time of 1350 s.
A new look back at the 1969 Santa Rosa, California, earthquakes

On 1 October 1969, two damaging earthquakes of Richter magnitude ( ML ) 5.6 and 5.7 occurred near the city of Santa Rosa followed by at least 200 aftershocks. These are the two largest events to occur in the northern San Francisco Bay area since the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake and its aftershocks. The epicentral area coincides with a 1-km right step-over from the northwest-striking Rodgers Creek fault to the Healdsburg fault zone and a 6-km right step-over to the Maacama fault. The 1969 sequence and its relationship to the Healdsburg and Rodgers Creek faults has taken on greater significance because of the potential for a moment magnitude ( Mw ) 7 earthquake occurring on the latter, possibly in the next several decades. We have relocated the five largest events in the 1969 sequence using the largest aftershock recorded by a temporary network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the master event. The locations and focal mechanisms of the principal events, in addition to many of the aftershocks, are consistent with right-lateral strike-slip faulting on the northwest-striking Healdsburg fault. An interesting feature of the aftershocks is that they exhibit a cruciform pattern suggesting possible activity on a northeast-striking cross-fault located within the step-over. The significance of such a cross structure is that it may act as a barrier to northward rupture from a large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault. Seismicity since 1969 continues to image an active southern Healdsburg fault surrounding a quiescent rupture zone of the 1969 earthquakes and the possible cross-fault. The Rodgers Creek fault is generally aseismic during this period.
The Cooperation-Control Relationship in a Franchise Channel

The relationship between cooperation in the distribution channel and member control over business policies was investigated in a franchise channel for farm implements. The results indicated that control over pricing and terms and over service capability were positively related to the perceptions of cooperation and that control over dealer operations was negatively related to cooperation. In specific, as dealers perceive to have greater (less) control over the relevant decision issues, their perceptions of cooperation increase (decrease).
Laughter Yoga, Adults Living With Parkinson׳s Disease, and Caregivers: A Pilot Study.

Objective This study explored outcomes of Laughter Yoga in adults with Parkinson׳s disease (PD) and their caregivers. Laughter has been shown to generally improve mood in physically healthy adults, and specifically in adults with heart disease or cancer, but little research exists regarding the impact of laughter in adults with Parkinson׳s disease. Low mood is frequently a co-morbid condition for adults with Parkinson׳s disease, and can negatively affect their caregivers. Design Pre-experimental (O 1 × O 2 ) pretest–posttest design. Settings/Location Data collection occurred at six unique PD support groups in Southern California. Subjects Participants ( N = 85) comprised a convenience sample of adults diagnosed with Parkinson׳s disease ( n = 47) and accompanying caregivers ( n = 38). Intervention Subjects participated in a 45-min Laughter Yoga (LY) session conducted by a Certified Laughter Yoga Teacher. Outcome Measures This study utilized the Laughter Yoga "How Do You Feel?" (HDYF) form. The form consists of a series of 10 scales labeled "well-being" measures including enthusiasm, energy level, mood, optimism, stress level, level of friendship with group members, level of awareness about breathing, level of muscle relaxation, level of mental relaxation, and ability to laugh without a reason. Results and Conclusion Paired sample t -tests reveal statistically significant improvements in well-being for adults with PD and their caregivers after attending an LY session. Therapists and other clinicians should consider utilizing this unique technique with adults with PD to address co-morbid low-mood conditions and include caregivers in the LY sessions for support and their own benefit.
Source of the Honey Protein Responsible for Apple Juice Clarification

SummarySamples of honey from various floral sources and ‘honey’ from sucrose-fed bees (Apis mellifera) were compared for their activity in clarifying apple juice. Activity was directly related to honey protein content. Proteins were separated by column chromatography and tested for their ability to clarify apple juice. Regardless of their origin, all honey samples, including sucrose ‘honey’, contained the same two major protein components, as indicated by gel electrophoresis. One of these showed clarifying activity in apple juice. It was concluded that the honey protein responsible for clarifying apple juice originates in honeybees.
Phytoplankton as a factor in the decline of the submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. in Lake Wingra, Wisconsin, U.S.A.

A dramatic decline in biomass and areal coverage of the submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum in Lake Wingra, Wisconsin, USA during the mid-1970's is documented using aerial photography, vegetation surveys, and quadrat biomass sampling. Over the same period, light penetration as measured by Secchi disc transparency and extinction coefficient decreased substantially. During this period, extinction coefficient was closely correlated with chlorophyll a levels implicating phytoplankton as the major source of decreased light penetration. A growth model for M. spicatum predicts a substantial decline in macrophyte biomass when extinction coefficient is increased to the levels reported since 1977. Available data do not show whether the phytoplankton increase preceeded or followed the macrophyte decline. Nonetheless it is clear that phytoplankton growth can account for a substantial portion of the decline and that macrophyte recovery will be difficult given the phytoplankton-induced decrease in water clarity.
Influence of Dominance Rank on the Antler Cycle of White-Tailed Deer

Captive herds of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were observed over a 3-year period to assess the effect of dominance rank on the antler cycle. We found a positive but nonsignificant correlation (P = 0.22) between rank and the order in which bucks shed velvet. A highly significant inverse correlation (P = 0.001) between rank and order of casting antlers indicated that dominant bucks retained their antlers longer than subordinates. The latter is in apparent contrast to what has been reported for whitetails in the northern part of their range and for other cervids. The contributions of social organization and geographic area on hormonal mechanisms underlying the antler cycle are discussed. The antler cycle of male deer is an outstanding feature of their annual reproductive cycle. Correlations between hormonal levels and stage of the antler cycle have been demonstrated in many deer species, including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (Sempere and Boissin, 1981), white- tailed deer (McMillin et al., 1974), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), and caribou (R. t. arcticus) (Whitehead and McEwan, 1973). In all of these studies, a yearly rhythm in testosterone production, paced by changes in length of daylight, was thought to mediate the antler cycle. Manipulation of testosterone levels in white-tailed deer (Wislocki et al., 1947) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) (Goss, 1968), has further demonstrated the dependence of the antler cycle on changes in testosterone levels.
Some consequences when the assumptions for the analysis of variance are not satisfied.

(i) To estimate certain treatment differences that are of interest. In this statement both the words "treatment" and "difference" are used in rather a loose sense: e.g., a treatment difference might be the difference between the mean yields of two varieties in a plant-breeding trial, or the relative toxicity of an unknown to a standard poison in a dosage-mortality experiment. We want such estimates to be efficient. That is, speaking roughly, we want the difference between the estimate arid the true value to have as small a variance as can be attained from the data that are being analyzed. (ii) To obtain some idea of the accuracy of our estimates, e.g., by attaching to them estimated standard errors, fiducial or confidence limits, etc. Such standard errors, etc., should be reasonably free from bias. The usual property of the analysis of variance, when all assumptions are fulfilled, is that estimated variances are unbiased. (iii) To perform tests of significance. The most common are the F-test of the null hypothesis that a group of means all have the same true value, and the t-test of the null hypothesis that a treatment difference is zero or has some known value. We should like such tests to be valid, in the sense that if the table shows a significance probability of, say, 0.023, the chance of getting the observed result or a more discordant one on the null hypothesis should really be 0.023 or something near it. Further, such tests should be sensitive or powerful, meaning that they should detect the presence of real treatment differences as often as possible. Theobject of this paper is to describe what happens to these desirable properties of the analysis of variance when the assumptions required for the technique do not hold. Obviously, any practical value of the paper will be increased if advice can also be given on how to detect failure of the assumptions and how to avoid the more serious consequences.
Characterization of an Aero-Structural Interaction for the Hybrid Wing Body Center Section in Conceptual Phase Structural Sizing

The center section of a hybrid wing body (HWB) transport aircraft must perform the dual role of containing the pressurized passenger cabin and providing a significant percentage of vehicle lift. Since a vehicle of this type has never been in production, empirical models and historical data for conceptual phase sizing and performance evaluations do not exist. Therefore, early structural sizing for the HWB has shifted toward computational physics-based modeling to obtain initial weight estimates. These integrated computational environments implement assumptions consistent with the early phases of design, but may not capture important aero-structural interactions of the HWB centerbody. This paper introduces one of the potential interactions and behavior is characterized for varying levels of assumptions and models. PRSEUS was applied to the upper and lower surface of the NASA/Boeing N2A HWB centerbody, using conceptual level “smeared” skin properties and higher level discretely modeled stiffeners. Deflections were recorded under internal pressure loads and the effect of the deflections on centerline 2-D aerodynamics is shown for potential flow and inviscid compressible flow.
Effects of Size, Condition, Measurer, and Time on Measurements of Snakes

Abstract: We tested the precision and accuracy of common measurements of snakes by repeated measurement of the heads and trunks of 10 preserved snakes and 10 live snakes by two groups of five people over 10-wk periods. The measurements produced values with variances and ranges related to the nature of the variable, the measurer, and the snake, but accuracy could not be determined. Reporting sizes of snakes to high levels of accuracy is therefore unwarranted. Measurements of head variables on preserved and anesthetized live snakes had similar levels of variance that approximate half the variance of the same measures on live, unanesthetized snakes. Conversely, measurements of snout–vent length (SVL) on both preserved and unanesthetized live snakes had about twice the variance of the same measures made on anesthetized snakes. Measurers differed for all measurements of preserved snakes and for all head measurements of live, unanesthetized snakes, more experienced measurers generally yielding higher precision...
Examples of Global Bifurcation

The main goal of this chapter is to give examples of five different types of global bifurcation. While the local bifurcations of the previous chapter were associated with stability changes in an equilibrium, the bifurcations in this chapter are associated with stability changes in a periodic solution. We make no pretense of completeness. It is not remotely possible to classify all possible global bifurcations. We introduce each type of bifurcation with an academic example that may be handled analytically, but for the more interesting examples that follow, we will rely heavily on computations (which we invite you to check) and on intuitive arguments. Even in cases for which proofs are available, we may omit them because we find them unrewarding. Consequently, this chapter is much less dense than the preceding one.
Harnessing ferroelectrics for non-volatile memories and logic

Ferroelectrics (FE) have been the materials of interest for non-volatile memories for many decades due to their hysteretic charge-voltage behavior. However, recently, the possibilities of integrating an FE in the gate stack of a transistor (forming a ferroelectric transistor or FEFET) have opened new avenues for computation and storage. The FEFETs not only enhance the design of non-volatile memories, but also lead to the unique possibilities of introducing non-volatility in close proximity with the compute elements. In this paper, we comparatively analyze several device and circuit aspects of FEFETs and FE capacitors from the perspective of designing non-volatile memory and logic. We discuss the effect of integrating an FE in a transistor structure on the remnant polarization and coercive voltage and show the importance of FE thickness optimization to design a non-volatile transistor. We also present circuit design possibilities with non-volatile FEFETs. First, the design of memories with separate read-write paths is discussed. We show that compared to FE capacitor based memories, FEFETs achieve enormous distinguishability and near read disturb free operation albeit with 2.5× higher cell area and 3.6× higher write energy at iso-write time. Second, we describe the opportunities that non-volatility combined with the three terminal architecture of FEFETs presents in the design of low power non-volatile flip-flops. We show that compared to FE capacitor based flip-flops, FEFET based design yields upto 50% lower energy and up to 40% lower delay for data back-up, along with 30% lower area.
Abstract TP18: S-shaped Internal Carotid Artery Curve in Dissection-related Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Craniocervical fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) has been associated with dissections. Recently, the presence of an S-shaped curve in the ICA has been described as a marker of F...
Microwave Speckle Contrast for Surface Roughness Measurements

Microwave speckle contrast measurements can be used to perform remote determination of macroscopic surface roughness. This procedure is non-contact and can be performed through windows of certain dielectric materials. Therefore it has many potential applications in process control and corrosion detection. Measurements of root mean squared (rms) roughness up to 7.5 millimeters have been made using the microwave system.