cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Instantaneous Power Theory Decomposition for Power Quality Smart Converter Applications

Power theories are advancing signal decomposition approaches used for electrical power signal analysis. Currently, they are key tools for designing reliable and efficient power electronic interface controllers. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the power generation within new technology of distributed generation units (such as renewable-based microgrids), most of these theories are not directly applicable in the era of new power engineering systems. Furthermore, the traditional formulations are not appropriate once we face the nonlinearity in the consumption along a weak grid that may not maintain steady voltage or frequency. Therefore, a new signal decomposition method with a higher level of selectivity must be developed to modify the traditional power theories and improve the control strategies from a design viewpoint. This paper describes a novel formulation of an instantaneous power theory, enhanced instantaneous power theory (EIPT), for unbalanced and nonlinear three-phase power systems. EIPT establishes a proper decomposition of current components for cases of balanced, unbalanced, and distorted voltage sources. In addition to mathematical analysis, this research provides comprehensive simulations under different loads and source conditions, which supports the performance of the EIPT in the active filtering methods. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art approach widely known as the conservative power theory. Our results indicate that this new comprehensive approach is helpful in optimizing control strategies for power electronic interfaces and power quality compensators.
Brain–Computer Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication: A Tutorial

Purpose Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve communication for people who require but are unable to use traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device...
Der Stand der anatomischen Wissenschaft an der Schwelle zum 16. Jahrhundert

Bereits in der hellenistischen Periode des klassischen Altertums werden kleinere urologischoperative Eingriffe ausgefuhrt. Die urochirurgischen Fahigkeiten beruhen allerdings, ebenso wie das fur diese Operationen notwendige anatomische Wissen, vorwiegend auf empirischen Erkenntnissen. Den Hohepunkt und gleichzeitig Abschluss der antiken Medizin bilden die Werke Galens (129-199), die das arztliche Handein bis weit in das i6. Jahrhundert hinein beeinflusst haben.
Regulation of Initiation of Chromosome Replication

In opening this Symposium, I thought it appropriate to reflect on some broad issues of research on DNA replication before presenting a brief review of our E. coli work on the start and elongation of chains and on the initiation and termination of chromosomes. In this overview, I will offer the briefest glimpse of the physiological features of replication on the one hand and only hints of the structure-function relationships of the numerous proteins and enzymes and DNA on the other.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Selective, Reversible PKCβ Inhibitor (9 S)-9-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9 H,18 H-5,21:12,17-dimethenodibenzo[ e,k]pyrrolo[3,4- h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecine-18,20(19 H)-dione, Ruboxistaurin (LY333531).

The demonstrated role of PKCβ in mediating amphetamine-stimulated dopamine efflux, which regulates amphetamine-induced dopamine transporter trafficking and activity, has promoted the research use of the selective, reversible PKCβ inhibitor (9 S)-9-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-6,7,10,11-tetrahydro-9 H,18 H-5,21:12,17-dimethenodibenzo[ e,k]pyrrolo[3,4- h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecine-18,20(19 H)-dione, ruboxistaurin. Despite the interest in development of ruboxistaurin as the mesylate monohydrate (Arxxant) for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and nephoropathy, several crucial details in physicochemical characterization were erroneous or missing. This report describes the synthesis and full characterization of ruboxistaurin free base (as a monohydrate), including X-ray crystallography to confirm the absolute configuration, and of the mesylate salt, isolated as a hydrate containing 1.5 mol of water per mole.
Low self-control and ADHD: similar yet different concepts in the study of crime

Due to its consistent association with a wide range of criminal and deviant outcomes, low self-control (LSC) has become among the most extensively measured concepts in criminology. Conversely, atte...
Why Some People Multitask Better Than Others: Predicting Learning

Multitasking using information systems (IS) often results in a blurring between personal and work lives. Prior literature overwhelmingly points to negative effects of traditional multitasking. Surp...
Evaluation of Leading Modes of Climate Variability in the CMIP Archives

AbstractThe adequate simulation of internal climate variability is key for our understanding of climate as it underpins efforts to attribute historical events, predict on seasonal and decadal time ...
Work-in-Progress: Using Augmented Reality Mobile App to Improve Student’s Skills in Using Breadboard in an Introduction to Electrical Engineering Course

The enhancement of first-year electrical engineering students’ skills in building circuits using the breadboard is essential. To overcome difficulties in dealing with internal breadboard connections, Augmented Reality (AR) technology used to build a 3D application. AR could improve students’ ability with respect to efficient design and build the electrical circuits in the breadboard due to the support for viewing the internal breadboard connections and learning step by step how to build circuits.
Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Affects Rumen Microbiota in Grazing Ewes at Gestation and Lactation.

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) is a cool-season perennial grass that is widely used as a forage for many livestock species including sheep. An endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) in tall fescue produces ergot alkaloids that enhance plant survival but produce toxicosis in animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the rumen microbiota from gestation and lactation in ewes grazing tall fescue pastures with high (HA) or moderate (MA) levels of endophyte infection, and their relationship with serum parameters. Data were collected at the beginning of the study (d1), the week before initiation of lambing (d51), and at the end of the trial (d115). The rumen microbiota was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ewes grazing HA had greater serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) (P = 0.024) levels compared with ewes in MA pasture at d115. Both the number of observed OTUs and Shannon diversity index tended (P = 0.08, P = 0.06) to be greater for HA than for MA on d115. At the genus level, Prevotella relative abundance increased with time in both MA and HA (on d1, d51 and d115: 15.17%, 25.59% and 24.78% in MA; 14.17%, 18.10% and 19.41% in HA). Taxa unclassified at the genus level including (unclassified) Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae exhibited higher abundances in HA at d51 (3.72%, 2.07% and 11.22%) compared with MA (2.06%, 1.28% and 7.42%). The predictor microbiota for HA and MA were identified by a random forest classification model. The HA predictors included bacteria associated with unclassified Coriobacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Other OTUs classified as Prevotella and Clostridiales could be microbial predictors for MA. The OTUs classified as Prevotella and Lachnospiraceae were negatively correlated with serum concentration of prolactin. Negative correlations with NEFA were observed in the microbiota such as species affiliated to unclassified Clostridiales and Prevotella. OTUs classified as Bacteroidetes and Coriobacteriaceae exhibited a positive correlation with NEFA. Our study confirmed that the rumen microbiota populations were affected by high levels of toxins in endophyte-infected tall fescue and were associated with host hormone and energy metabolism.
Geolocated dataset of Chinese overseas development finance.

China is now the world’s largest source of bilateral development finance and will likely continue to play a prominent role in sovereign lending through its multi-billion-dollar Belt and Road Initiative. This paper introduces major methodological enhancements in tracking this finance: the use of an original application programming interface (API) to gathers news in multiple languages; double-verification of every record to ensure every finance commitment has been formalized; and visual geo-location to trace the precise footprint of every project. The resulting dataset enables economic, environmental, and social analyses with high-precision spatial accuracy, as well as spatiotemporal monitoring by project stakeholders and enhanced planning by project managers. It covers the years 2008–2019 to enable analysis before and after the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative. It includes 862 finance commitments, 669 of which have geographic location, to 94 countries across the world. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14610678
The Deregulation Deception

President Donald Trump and his supporters repeatedly pointed to positive economic trends in the United States prior to the pandemic as proof of the growth delivered by his Administration, especially through deregulation. Yet, the Trump Administration actually accomplished much less by way of deregulation than it claimed—and much less than most commentators and scholars have surmised. In this Article, we perform an original analysis of data on federal regulation from the Trump Administration’s four years and find every claim made about its deregulatory record turned out either to be wrong or significantly exaggerated. The reality is that the Trump Administration accomplished much less deregulating than it claimed during its four years, and its deregulatory actions never achieved any demonstrable boost to the economy. Indeed, the economic growth in the early Trump years had nothing to do with the Administration at all: It was the result of trends that began years prior. Why did the Trump Administration end up failing so miserably to deliver on its deregulatory claims? Legal scholarship would suggest the answer lies with the ossification thesis—the oft-invoked claim that administrative agencies have been severely hampered in their ability to adopt or change rules due to the accretion of regulatory procedures and the threat of judicial review. Yet empirical research has drawn the ossification thesis into question. Here, we offer three alternative explanations: President Trump’s prioritization of symbolism over substance; the distinctive obstacles to deregulation (as opposed to regulation); and the Trump Administration’s relative lack of professional acumen. Overall, we conclude that the nation’s recent experience reinforces the value of the administrative state’s procedural norms, which discourage ill-considered, ideologically driven agency action.
Deep mapping for environmental communication design

This article shares lessons from designing EcoTour , a multimedia environmental advocacy project in a state park, and it describes theoretical, practical, and pedagogical connections between ...
Dopaminergic modulation of human consciousness via default mode network connectivity

Decades of preclinical studies indicate that dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain modulate animal behavior and cognition (1). The role of dopaminergic VTA neurons in wakefulness, and hence consciousness, emerged more recently from VTA stimulation experiments utilizing pharmacologic (2, 3), electrophysiologic (4), optogenetic (5, 6), and chemogenetic (7) methods, as well as behavioral experiments in dopamine knockout mice (8). Yet, confirmation of VTA modulation of human consciousness has until now been elusive—inferred from pharmacologic studies of dopaminergic therapies (9) and positron emission studies of dopamine receptor dynamics (10), but unconfirmed due to a lack of suitable techniques for measuring VTA function in humans. This absence of a translational link between animal and human VTA function has hindered the construction of a comprehensive subcortical–cortical connectivity model of human consciousness and impeded the development of new therapies to promote recovery of consciousness in patients with severe brain injuries (11). In PNAS, Spindler et al. report groundbreaking results from complementary observational and interventional studies that shed light on VTA modulation of human consciousness, bridging the gap between animal and human VTA research (12). In a series of resting-state functional MRI experiments performed in healthy volunteers undergoing propofol-induced sedation ( n = 24), patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DoC) caused by severe brain injuries ( n = 22), and patients with traumatic brain injury treated with methylphenidate ( n = 12), Spindler et al. (12) provide convergent evidence that the subcortical VTA modulates human consciousness via connectivity with the cortical default mode network (DMN). Although VTA neurons connect with multiple regions of the cerebral cortex via monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways that traverse the mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal bundles (13), the experiments here focus on VTA connectivity with the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC), a well-established “hub node” of the … [↵][1]1Email: bedlow{at}mgh.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
SU‐C‐204‐06: Surface Imaging for the Set‐Up of Proton Post‐Mastectomy Chestwall Irradiation: Gated Images Vs Non Gated Images

Purpose: Historically, the set-up for proton post-mastectomy chestwall irradiation at our institution started with positioning the patient using tattoos and lasers. One or more rounds of orthogonal X-rays at gantry 0° and beamline X-ray at treatment gantry angle were then taken to finalize the set-up position. As chestwall targets are shallow and superficial, surface imaging is a promising tool for set-up and needs to be investigated Methods: The orthogonal imaging was entirely replaced by AlignRT™ (ART) images. The beamline X-Ray image is kept as a confirmation, based primarily on three opaque markers placed on skin surface instead of bony anatomy. In the first phase of the process, ART gated images were used to set-up the patient and the same specific point of the breathing curve was used every day. The moves (translations and rotations) computed for each point of the breathing curve during the first five fractions were analyzed for ten patients. During a second phase of the study, ART gated images were replaced by ART non-gated images combined with real-time monitoring. In both cases, ART images were acquired just before treatment to access the patient position compare to the non-gated CT. Results: The average difference between the maximum movemore » and the minimum move depending on the chosen breathing curve point was less than 1.7 mm for all translations and less than 0.7° for all rotations. The average position discrepancy over the course of treatment obtained by ART non gated images combined to real-time monitoring taken before treatment to the planning CT were smaller than the average position discrepancy obtained using ART gated images. The X-Ray validation images show similar results with both ART imaging process. Conclusion: The use of ART non gated images combined with real time imaging allows positioning post-mastectomy chestwall patients in less than 3 mm / 1°.« less
West Nile Encephalitis in a previously healthy child: Evaluation for CCR5 Chemokine receptor mutation

Neuroinvasive disease seldom follows infection with West Nile virus, but is particularly rare in children. Most reported cases of West Nile virus encephalitis have occurred in older adults or the immunocompromised. Although individuals who are homozygous for a 32 base pair deletion in the chemokine receptor CCR5 have been shown to be resistant to infection with HIV-1, they have been reported to have in increased risk of developing severe disease following West Nile virus infection. Analysis of the presence of the CCR5 deletion has not been previously examined in children with West Nile neuroinvasive disease. We present a case of West Nile encephalitis in a previously healthy young child whom we evaluated for the presence of the CCR5Δ32 mutation.
High-level expression and purification of secreted forms of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gD synthesized by baculovirus-infected insect cells

Two forms of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gD were recombined into Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) and expressed in infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Each protein was truncated at residue 306 of mature gD. One form, gD-1(306t), contains the coding sequence of Patton strain herpes simplex virus type 1 gD; the other, gD-1(QAAt), contains three mutations which eliminate all signals for addition of N-linked oligosaccharides. Prior to recombination, each gene was cloned into the baculovirus transfer vector pVT-Bac, which permits insertion of the gene minus its natural signal peptide in frame with the signal peptide of honeybee melittin. As in the case with many other baculovirus transfer vectors, pVT-Bac also contains the promoter for the baculovirus polyhedrin gene and flanking sequences to permit recombination into the polyhedrin site of baculovirus. Each gD gene was engineered to contain codons for five additional histidine residues following histidine at residue 306, to facilitate purification of the secreted protein on nickel-containing resins. Both forms of gD-1 were abundantly expressed and secreted from infected Sf9 cells, reaching a maximum at 96 h postinfection for gD-1(306t) and 72 h postinfection for gD-1(QAAt). Secretion of the latter protein was less efficient than gD-1(306t), possibly because of the absence of N-linked oligosaccharides from gD-1(QAAt). Purification of the two proteins by a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography, nickel-agarose chromatography, and gel filtration yielded products that were > 99% pure, with excellent recovery. We are able to obtain 20 mg of purified gD-1(306t) and 1 to 5 mg of purified gD-1(QAAt) per liter of infected insect cells grown in suspension. Both proteins reacted with monoclonal antibodies to discontinuous epitopes, indicating that they retain native structure. Use of this system for gD expression makes crystallization trials feasible.
New results on the spin dependent structure function g1d of the deuteron

We have made a new measurement of the spin dependent structure function g1d1d of the deuteron in the kinematic range 0.003
Multiphoton Ionization of NO-Rare Gas van der Waals Species

To date. most spectroscopic studies of electronic states of clusters involving small molecules and rare gas (RG) atoms have employed laser-induced fluorescence techniques. Consequently, such studies (e.g., Levy and co-workers on I2-RG species [1]) have been limited to the lowest lying electronic states, which are usually valence in character. Furthermore. the identification of the cluster often must be inferred from spectral shifts, pressure dependence, etc.
NusA changes the conformation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the binding site for the 3' end of the nascent RNA.

Abstract A conformational change in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase induced by NusA was detected by utilizing photocrosslinking. A change in the binding site for the 3' end of the RNA occurred, and NusA increased interactions of the RNA with the beta subunit of the polymerase. NusA was not contacted by the 3' end of the RNA.
A Membrane-associated Thiamine Triphosphatase from Rat Brain PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME

Abstract A membrane-associated thiamine triphosphatase in subcellular fractions of the rat brain is described. This enzyme is shown to be different from a less active soluble thiamine triphosphatase previously reported. It is also shown to be distinct from ATPases and from a general nucleoside triphosphatase in the tissues examined. The membrane-associated thiamine triphosphatase activity has an absolute divalent cation requirement which is satisfied by Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+. Maximal activation occurs at a cation to substrate ratio of 1:1. At its optimal pH of 6.5, the enzyme exhibits a Km of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a Vmax of 4.0 to 8.0 µmoles per mg of protein per hour. The enzyme is heat-labile and is inactivated by low concentrations of sodium deoxycholate. ADP (10-6 to 10-3 m) strongly inhibits the enzyme. A specific inhibitor of the enzyme, the β-γ-methylene phosphonate analog of thiamine triphosphate, has been synthesized, and its inhibitory characteristics are described.
Sequential Quantitation of Circulating Immune Complexes in Syngeneic and Allogeneic Rats Bearing Moloney Sarcomas

A Raji cell radioimmunoassay was employed to quantitate serially circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of syngeneic BN rats and allogeneic Lewis rats bearing BN Moloney sarcomas. In syngeneic BN hosts the levels of CIC attained and the time-course of detection were related to the tumor dose, tumor mass, and regressive or progressive course of the tumor. In general, syngeneic rats that received larger tumor doses developed larger tumors and greater maximum levels of CIC. However, the amount of CIC was not always directly proportional to the tumor size, although this was nearly the case with regressor BN and Lewis rats. In rats with regressing tumors, CIC decreased to insignificant levels as the tumors disappeared. Progressor BN rats that received 20 and 10 X 10(6) tumor cells had higher and more sustained levels of CIC, but, shortly before the hosts died, despite an increase of tumor size, there was a decline of CIC. Progressor BN rats that received an initial inoculum of 0.5 X 10(6) tumor cells that grew to 44 mm maximum mean diameter had levels of CIC which were only slightly above levels of control rats. All allogeneic Lewis hosts rejected BN Moloney sarcomas, but had transient low levels of CIC coincident with tumor growth. Lewis rats had lower levels of CIC than BN rats bearing comparable masses of sarcoma.
Expression of Escherichia coli dnaA and mioC genes as a function of growth rate.

Abstract The synthesis of specific cellular components related to the initiation process of DNA replication was correlated with changes in growth rate. The concentrations of DnaA protein and mioC mRNA were determined for cells grown at six different growth rates; both increased relative to either total protein or total RNA, respectively, as the growth rate increased. Expression from the chromosomal mioC promoter, which contains a DnaA protein-binding site, was not repressed when the DnaA protein concentration was increased and was not derepressed in a dnaA46 mutant at 42 degrees C. The mioC transcript had a characteristic mRNA-type half-life of 1.51 min.
A new approach to secondary voltage control

Secondary voltage control has been applied in many countries, especially in Europe. The aim of the secondary voltage control is to minimize voltage deviations at load buses so as to improve the system voltage security. This paper addresses a new approach to show the improvement of system stability with the secondary voltage control. Two case studies based respectively on the 10-bus system and the New England 39-bus system are provided.
Metabolic network modeling of microbial communities

Microbial communities represent a gargantuan force of nature that exerts influence on global geochemical cycles1, agriculture2, human health3, food preparation4, and a host of relevant aspects of life on earth5,6. Traditional microbiology has made great strides over the last century in describing and categorizing these microscopic neighbors. More recently, advances in sequencing technologies have provided the first glimpses at the composition of natural microbial communities, including insights into the physiology of non-culturable microbes7. Databases are filling with mountains of genomic fragments, gene and protein expression data, and other such large-scale “–omics” information, all describing the content of diverse microbial communities8,9. Despite the plethora of data, we yet lack true understanding of the mechanisms that cause communities to function and interact with their environments10. Considering the importance of microbial communities to many global ecosystems, health, and various industries, there is a great need to move beyond a descriptive ‘parts list’ approach of the field, and transition to more functional, predictive models of microbial community structure and function. Predictive community models have the potential to engender many beneficial technologies including: rational probiotic design for restoring a diseased intestinal microbiota11, efficient chemical-producing consortia12, or optimal bioremediation communities13. Furthermore, predictive models will allow novel exploration of basic questions in microbial ecology14,15, leading to new insights into the development and evolution of microbial communities10 (Figure 1). All of these potential applications will require improvements in the mathematical toolbox used to represent biochemical networks and their interactions. Figure 1 There are many aspects of life in a microbial community that would be useful to capture using mathematical models Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions (GENREs) have been successfully applied to the representation, study, and engineering of single microbes16 (Figure 2). The last decade has seen extensive tool development for the analysis of models encompassing single strains up to complex microbial communities10,17–22. Since the first published community model in 2007 of a mutualistic microbial community, the accumulating body of work has highlighted many unique challenges related to microbial community modeling23. In this review, we discuss the existing frameworks that have been developed using GENREs for community analysis (Figure 3 and Table 1), the types of questions that can be addressed, and challenges in the field that present opportunities for progress. Figure 2 A simple workflow for genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction and accompanying constraint-based analysis Figure 3 Community modeling frameworks that feature GENREs Table 1 A timeline for computational metabolic systems biology of microbial communities
Oligotrophy: the forgotten end of an ecological spectrum

Most studies that consider the relationship of diatoms and water quality have focused their attention on the questions and practicalities of water pollution or perturbations in some form or another. Many models and studies have demonstrated the environmental tolerances or changes in structure of diatom communities related to environmental challenges. This focus on the impacted end of the water quality spectrum has led, of necessity, to issues ultimately related to habitat restoration. We contend that a concentrated effort to develop more fully the theory and there is a need for practice related to oligotrophy, the other, ignored end of the water quality spectrum. We explore the historical usages of the term oligotrophy, as well as the challenges and promise of autecological and community approaches to understanding oligotrophy, and the possibility of focusing more on conservation rather than restoration in water quality issues.
An optimized method to assess in vivo efficacy of antithrombotic drugs using optical coherence tomography and a modified Doppler flow system

Abstract Introduction Animal models of venous and arterial thrombosis are extremely useful to study the efficacy of antithrombotic agents. Variability in efficacy data is often observed in those preclinical studies. The goal of this study was to optimize the methodology for assessing antithrombotic drug efficacy by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a modified Doppler flow system in rat models of thrombosis. Methods Thrombus formation was assessed in both the rat venous and arterial ferric chloride (FeCl3) models of thrombosis. In the venous model, thrombus volume post-treatment was measured using OCT, and data were correlated against the thrombus weight. In the arterial model, the time to occlusion was measured using a Doppler flow probe connected to a perivascular flow module which allowed the reporting of dynamic blood flow data every 30 s. Heparin (130 or 165 U/kg), argatroban (4.5 mg/kg), bivalirudin (1.3 mg/kg) or saline were administered intravenously. Results In the venous model, for all treatment groups a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.998) was observed between thrombus volume measured by OCT and thrombus weight. In the arterial model, using a high sampling rate of a dynamic blood flow using a modified Doppler flow system provided data accuracy and precision of the time to occlusion measurement. Discussion This study demonstrates that OCT is a powerful tool for the assessment of antithrombotic drug efficacy. Furthermore, it shows that a high Doppler sampling rates of dynamic blood flow leads to data accuracy and precision.
The effects of shear flow on the unsteady wakes behind a sphere at moderate Reynolds numbers

Abstract Numerical simulations to investigate the effects of shear flow on wakes behind a sphere were carried out using a three-dimensional finite element method. The time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations were solved by a modified explicit time integration scheme. The Reynolds number, defined by the sphere diameter and oncoming velocity at its center, ranged from 20 to 500. Linear shear is assumed, and the dimensionless shear rate, defined as the vertical gradient of oncoming shear flow, was varied from 0.0 to 0.2. Extensive comparisons were made between the present computed results and available experimental and numerical investigations, and showed that they are in close agreement. Computed lift force was directed toward the low velocity side for Re>50 whereas it was toward the high velocity side for Re
Internal conversion electrons from coulomb excitation of heavy elements

Abstract The spectra of internal conversion electrons due to Coulomb excited transitions in Au197, the five abundant isotopes of osmium, Th230, 232, and U234, 236, 238 have been obtained with a beta-ray spectrometer of the single-segment “orange” type. Some of experimental problems connected with these measurements are discussed. Reduced transition probabilities have been measured for the first 2+ excited states of all the even nuclei none of which have been investigated heretofore by means of the conversion electrons. For the even isotopes of osmium, some evidence suggesting enhanced internal conversion is found. The quadrupole moments and deformation parameters derived from the reduced transition probabilities agree well with the values obtained in recent theoretical calculations. Evidence for a weak cascade transition between the well-known states at 548 and 279 keV in Au197 has been found, and a level in Os189 at 69.7 keV is confirmed which is identified as the 5 2 − first excited rotational state. Two weak conversion lines in the osmium spectrum believed to be contributed by Os189 are assigned the probable transition energies of 194 and 245 keV.
Young patients undergoing resection of pancreatic cancer fare better than their older counterparts.

Background The median age of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is 71 years. PDAC rarely affects individuals under the age of 45. We investigated features of PDAC occurring in young patients (≤45 years) who underwent surgical resection in order to determine if any difference exists in comparison to elderly patients (≥70 years).
The Media and Suicide

The authors aim to inform readers of the theory that when newspapers, film, and television describe suicidal deaths, additional suicides may result by virtue of contagion or copy-cat effects; to review data that support and refute this theory; to present some promising and recommended ways to prevent copy-cat suicide; and to cite news-media examples of both particularly bad and good reporting. A review of the literature on media-related suicide was conducted, which included reviewing materials published in scientific journals and data published by the U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, and materials from private, not-for-profit agencies. Data support an increased number of suicides resulting from media accounts of suicide that romanticize or dramatize the description of suicidal deaths. Specific guidelines for the media that may be able to decrease these additional deaths have been devised. Psychiatrists should be familiar with the harm that may result from improper reporting of suicide in the media since they may be called upon by reporters or family members following the suicide of one of their patients or following the suicide of a newsworthy person. Following the media guidelines available may prevent such contagion effects from occurring.
Evidence for the aquatic binding of arsenate by natural organic matter-suspended Fe(III).

Dialysis experiments with arsenate and three different NOM samples amended with Fe(III) showed evidence confirming the formation of aquatic arsenate−Fe(III)−NOM associations. A linear relationship was observed between the amount of complexed arsenate and the Fe(III) content of the NOM. The dialysis results were consistent with complex formation through ferric iron cations acting as bridges between the negatively charged arsenate and NOM functional groups and/or a more colloidal association, in which the arsenate is bound by suspended Fe(III)−NOM colloids. Sequential filtration experiments confirmed that a significant proportion of the iron present at all Fe/C ratios used in the dialysis experiments was colloidal in nature. These colloids may include larger NOM species that are coagulated by the presence of chelated Fe(III) and/or NOM-stabilized ferric (oxy)hydroxide colloids, and thus, the solution-phase arsenate−Fe(III)−NOM associations are at least partially colloidal in nature.
Time-series segmentation: A model and a method

Abstract The problem of partitioning time series into segments is treated. The segments are considered as falling into classes. A different probability distribution is associated with each class of segment. Parametric families of distributions are considered, a set of parameter values being associated with each class. With each observation is associated an unobservable label, indicating from which class the observation arose. The label process is modeled as a Markov chain. Segmentation algorithms are obtained by applying a relaxation method to maximize the resulting likelihood function. Special attention is given to the situation in which the observations are conditionally independent, given the labels. A numerical example, segmentation of the U.S. gross national product, is given. Choice of the number of classes, using statistical model selection criteria, is illustrated.
Development and validation of GypsEX: a knowledge-based system for aerial application of pesticides against gypsy moth

Abstract GypsEX provides knowledge-based decision support for two aspects of aerial application of pesticides against gypsy moth: calibration and spray timing. Calibration provides advice on setting up an aircraft's spray system for a desired flowrate of pesticide. Spray timing determines the optimal date for aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis based on weather forecasts, simulated gypsy moth-host tree phenology, and expert heuristics. Knowledge diagrams for the heuristics of each module were developed from interviews with experts and technical references, then converted into computer code with a frame-based expert system shell. Prototype versions of the system were used for further knowledge elicitation both in the office and under field conditions. The Calibration module of GypsEX was validated in the field through comparison of its advice and logic with that of three experts on the calibration of aerial application systems. Future refinements and the incorporation of GypsEX into a decision support system for several aspects of gypsy moth management are discussed.
Stabilization of platinum clusters by substitutional boron dopants in carbon supports

To stabilize platinum clusters on carbon supports, carbon substituted boron dopants were introduced in graphite and fullerene models, and the binding energies of Pt1 to Pt6 clusters on the carbon supports were investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption energies of the Pt clusters increased significantly in the presence of boron. The adsorption energies of Ru1 and Au1 were also found to dramatically increase in the presence of boron.
Common policy language for Policy Compliance and Change Detection System in managed service in data networks

As networks continue to grow exponentially, the need to build, maintain, and troubleshoot the growing number of heterogeneous network components has also increased significantly. Often times, scheduled and ad-hoc configuration changes lead to potential configuration errors, policy violations, inefficiencies, and vulnerable states. The current network management landscape offers a variety of configuration auditing tools to reduce risks and achieve compliance. However; they mostly operate in an offline fashion and lack real time reporting capabilities. In our previous work, we proposed an Automated Policy Compliance and Change Detection System capable of audit configurations against internal policies or external best practices and provide centralized reporting for monitoring and regulatory purposes in real time. One of the core requirements for our proposed system is a common policy language for expressing device and organizational policies. This paper defines some of the building blocks of the proposed policy language. A common policy language that will ease the enforcement of policies to all components of the network. Furthermore, the proposed common policy language will bring numerous practical advantages, such as lowering implementation overhead, as well as the possibility to use the same or at least similar tools to maintain the policies.
ECOLOGICAL DISSONANCE THEORY AND CRITERION VALIDITY OF THE HOOPER EQUAL OPPORTUNITY MEASURE

-The purpose of the present study was to examine the Hooper Equal Opportunity measure as an operational definition of ecological dissonance theory and as a predictor of dissatisfaction with one's academic major, alienation fmln one's academic major, and involvement in one's academic major. The statistically s ~ g n ~ f ~ c a n t correlations provided evidence for the criterion validity of the instrument mh~ lc ~t the same time providing support for ecological dissonance theory.
Iatrogenic symptomatic chest wall hematoma after shoulder arthroplasty. A report of two cases.

Total shoulder arthroplasty is considered to be a safe procedure with a low complication rate. Cofield et al.1 reviewed the literature and reported that the overall complication rate for this procedure was 10.4% (123 of 1183). Associated complications that have been reported include infection, nerve damage, arterial injury, fracture, instability, and long-term loosening of the implant2-5. The rate of bleeding or hematoma formation after total shoulder arthroplasty has been reported as 0.17% (two of 1183)1, 2.78% (one of thirty-six)1,6, and 3.3% (five of 152)7. Most reviews of total shoulder arthroplasty have not listed bleeding as a complication of the procedure8-12. The rate of bleeding after total hip and knee replacement has been reported as 1.3% (eighteen of 1414 wounds)13, 2.4% (six of 248 primary total hip arthroplasties)14, and 5.8% (fourteen of 243 revision total hip arthroplasties)14. Patients in whom a hematoma develops after total hip or knee replacement can experience higher-than-normal pain levels, are at increased risk for infection, and have poorer rehabilitation progress than those without a hematoma13,15-17. Hematoma formation has been reported to be more common in patients who receive prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation therapy in the perioperative period7 than in those who do not. The impact of anticoagulation therapy on hematoma formation after total shoulder arthroplasty has not been addressed in the literature. We report the cases of two patients who, as a result of anticoagulation therapy, had development of a substantial chest wall hematoma after total shoulder replacement. These two cases represent 1.3% of the 158 shoulder arthroplasties that were performed by the senior author (E.G.M.) during the study period (from 1998 to 2005) and two …
Research issues in agile supply chain management

To compete in the present milieu which has undergone dramatic changes in the last decade, firms are constantly revising strategies, methods, and tactics to better manage operations. The need within the industry is to be able to take advantage of emerging opportunities and react rapidly to altered conditions – in other words, to be agile – has been highlighted as an imperative for firms in this highly turbulent global environment. The present-day business environment dictates that not only manufacturing processes, but also supply chain practices must evolve dynamically. There is no consensus in the literature on what constitutes an agile supply chain or how to achieve it. In this study, we review literature, develop a framework for organising the existing research, and identify issues for further research.
Conceptualizing Women's Attitudes Toward Condom Use with the Tripartite Model

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) estimated that women represent 24% of HIV diagnoses in the United States, with most infections resulting from heterosexual contact. However, consistent condom use is highly effective in preventing the spread of HIV. The current study examined women's attitudes toward condom use and potential inconsistencies related to the conceptualization and measurement of attitudes. Method: Data were collected from October 2009 through March 2010. Researchers included 556 female undergraduate students from the Southeast region of the United States. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine whether women's condom use attitudes were composed of an affective and a cognitive component. Results: Evidence for a two-factor model of condom use attitudes consisting of an affective and cognitive component was found, with participants reporting slightly negative feelings toward condom use but favorable beliefs about using condoms. Affect a...
Histological changes in the gill, kidney and liver of Lahontan cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki henshawi, living in lakes of different salinity‐alkalinity

Lahontan cutthroat trout thrive in saline-alkaline lakes, where other trout species often cannot survive. We examined Lahontan cutthroat trout from nine lakes in which salinity and alkalinity ranged from about 90 to 12 000 mg1−1 and 60 to 3500mgl−1 as HCO3− respectively, for sublethal histological changes in gill, kidney, and liver tissues. Gill chloride cell hyperplasia, gill lamellar epithelial separation, kidney glomerular swelling, blood congestion in kidneys, and deposition of hyalin droplets in kidney glomeruli, tubules, and hemopoietic tissues were the histological alterations statistically associated with differences in lakewater chemistry. Deposition of hyalin in kidney tubules was the only histological change judged pathological and whose severity appeared sufficient to jeopardize normal organ function. Differences in lakewater chemistry explained nearly 90% of the variability observed in severity of tubular hyalin degeneration, and SO42− was the ion most positively correlated with increasing tubular hyalin. Our results suggest that Lahontan cutthroat trout will develop slight to moderate hyalin degeneration in kidney tubules if stocked into lakes where salinity and SO42− concentrations equal or exceed 5000 mgl−1 and 2000mgl−1, respectively.
Categorical results do not imply categorical perception

Categorical perception refers to the ability to discriminate between- but not within-category differences along a stimulus continuum. Although categorical perception was thought to be unique to speech, recent studies have yielded similar results with nonspeech continua. The results are usually interpreted in terms of categorical, as opposed to continuous, perception of both speech and nonspeech continua. In contrast, we argue that these continua are perceived continuously, although they are characterized by relatively large increases in discrim-inability near the category boundary. To support this argument, the amplitude rise time of a tone was varied to produce either an increase or a decrease in the intensity during the initial portion of the tone. A bipolar continuum of onset times increasing and decreasing in amplitude yielded traditional categorical results. However, when only half of this continuum was tested, subjects perceived the same sounds continuously. The finding of traditional categorical results along the bipolar continuum, when the sounds were shown to be perceived continuously in another context, argues against the use of traditional categorical results as evidence for categorical perception.
Effect of Amino Acid Solutions on Total Nutrient Admixture Stability

The stability of total nutrient admixture (TNA) systems containing a soybean oil emulsion (Soyacal) has been reported with only one amino acid (AA) solution. This study was conducted to compare the physical stability of 10 TNA systems varied only by the AA solution used. All systems contained electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements, and heparin. The volume ratios of AA, dextrose 70% and lipid emulsion 20% were 1:1:1. Solutions were stored at 4 degrees C for 14 days and then held at ambient temperature for an additional 4 days. Each TNA was serially analyzed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 for gross visual appearance, pH, osmolality, mean particle diameter, and particle size distribution. The AA solutions evaluated include: Travasol 8.5% and 10%; Aminosyn 8.5% and 10%, Aminosyn RF 5.2%; FreAmine III 8.5% and 10%; FreAmine HBC 6.9%; HepatAmine 8.0%; and NephrAmine 5.4%. The pH values of the Aminosyn solutions were lower than those of other products; however, the pH values of all TNA systems were greater than 5.7, which supported particle stability. The osmolality was not affected by the AA solutions. Based upon particle size distribution, 95% of all particles were less than 0.608 micron in diameter, with means ranging from 0.286 micron to 0.309 micron. The largest particle observed by light microscopy was 6.9 micron. These data indicate that TNA systems prepared with the 10 AA solutions and Soyacal 20% are physically stable.