cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peter Botticelli, Martha R. Mahard, and Michèle V. Cloonan. Libraries, Archives, and Museums Today: Insights from the Field. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 169p. Paper, $33.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-2555-7).

Libraries, Archives, and Museums Today: Insights from the Field aims to help students and working professionals in libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs) examine and solve the challenges faced in related professional disciplines through the shared experiences of institutional case studies. The book was written with a variety of readers in mind including archivists, librarians, museum professionals, graduate students, and staff employed in cultural heritage contexts. The authors have expertise in digital assets management, archives appraisal, and cultural heritage preservation management. They have also collaborated on a wide assortment of projects over the years with many of the institutions represented in this volume.
Urgensi Penerapan Pertimbangan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Perencanaan Ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia

Sektor ketenagalistrikan merupakan salah satu cabang produksi penting bagi negara dan memiliki peranan penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional. Mengingat pentingnya usaha ketenagalistrikan, maka diperlukan perencanaan yang baik dan matang untuk dapat menyelenggarakan penyediaan tenaga listrik sesuai dengan standar keberlanjutan energi, yang terdiri dari aspek keamanan energi, ekuitas energi, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan hidup. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengkaji sejauh mana aspek perlindungan lingkungan hidup telah diakomodir dalam perencanaan ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa kegiatan ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia terhitung terlambat untuk mengintegrasikan pertimbangan terkait lingkungan, khususnya daya dukung dan daya tampung lingkungan, dalam substansi perencanaan tersebut. Tulisan ini melihat bahwa terdapat instrumen pencegahan yang seharusnya dapat lebih dioptimalkan untuk mengakomodir integrasi pertimbangan lingkungan hidup, yakni melalui Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis.Kata Kunci: ketenagalistrikan, KEN, RUEN, RUKN, RUPTL, Daya Dukung dan Daya Tampung, KLHS
Resolving nonuniform temperature distributions with single-beam absorption spectroscopy. Part I: Theoretical capabilities and limitations

Abstract Absorption spectroscopy is traditionally used to determine the average gas temperature and species concentration along the laser line-of-sight by measuring the magnitude of two or more absorption transitions with different temperature dependence. Previous work has shown that the nonlinear temperature dependence of the absorption strength of each transition, set by the lower-state energy, E ″ , can be used to infer temperature variations along the laser line-of-sight. In principle, measuring more absorption transitions with broader bandwidth light sources improves the ability to resolve temperature variations. Here, we introduce a singular value decomposition framework in order to explore the theoretical limits to resolving temperature distributions with single-beam line-of-sight absorption measurements. We show that in the absence of measurement noise or error, only the first ∼ 14 well-selected absorption features improve the temperature resolution, and a Tikhonov regularization method improves the accuracy of the temperature inversion, particularly for recovery of the maximum gas temperature along the laser beam. We use inversion simulations to demonstrate that one can resolve a selection of temperature distributions along a laser beam line-of-sight to within 3% for the sample cases analyzed. In part II of this work, we explore the influence of measurement noise and error, and experimentally demonstrate the technique to show that there is benefit to measuring additional absorption transitions under real conditions.
A bi-directional adversarial explainability for decision support

In this paper we present an approach to creating Bi-directional Decision Support System (DSS) as an intermediary between an expert (U) and a machine learning (ML) system for choosing an optimal solution. As a first step, such DSS analyzes the stability of expert decision and looks for critical values in data that support such a decision. If the expert’s decision and that of a machine learning system continue to be different, the DSS makes an attempt to explain such a discrepancy. We discuss a detailed description of this approach with examples. Three studies are included to illustrate some features of our approach.
Cardiovascular medical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Challenges, adaptations, and considerations for the future

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted graduate medical education for cardiovascular fellows in training. During the initial case surge in the US in early 2020, most training programs reformatted didactic curricula, redeployed fellows in training to non-cardiac services or furloughed fellows in training on non-essential services, reimagined procedural training in light of decreased case volumes, and balanced issues regarding trainee wellbeing and safety with occupational COVID-19 exposure risk. In this article, the authors review the educational challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss opportunities to incorporate technological and curricular innovations spurred by the pandemic into cardiovascular fellowship training in the future.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Urinary Bladder

Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary bladder are relatively rare and are comprised of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. These include well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs) or carcinoid tumors; poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), including small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC); and paraganglioma. These tumors are believed to arise from native neuroendocrine cells in the urothelial lining in the case of WDNETs, transdifferentiation of urothelial carcinoma cells in the case of poorly differentiated NECs, and chromaffin cells in autonomic ganglia in the case of paraganglioma. These tumors have different treatment protocols and clinical outcomes than conventional urothelial carcinoma, with SCNEC and LCNEC having a more aggressive course and worse outcomes and WDNET and paraganglioma having a more indolent course and better outcomes. Therefore, the proper recognition of these tumors is important. The epidemiological data; clinical information; histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features; prognostic factors; and therapeutic approaches of these entities are discussed in this chapter.
Neighborhood impacts on household participation in payments for ecosystem services programs in a Chinese nature reserve: A methodological exploration

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs have been implemented in both developing and developed countries to conserve ecosystems and the vital services they provide. These programs also often seek to maintain or improve the economic wellbeing of the populations living in the corresponding (usually rural) areas. Previous studies suggest that PES policy design, presence or absence of concurrent PES programs, and a variety of socioeconomic and demographic factors can influence decisions of households to participate or not in the PES program. However, neighborhood impacts on household participation in PES have rarely been addressed. This study explores potential neighborhood effects on villagers’ enrollment in the Grain-to-Green Program (GTGP), one of the largest PES programs in the world, using data from China’s Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve. We utilize a fixed effects logistic regression model in combination with the eigenvector spatial filtering (ESF) method to explore whether neighborhood size affects household enrollment in GTGP. By comparing the results with and without ESF, we find that the ESF method can help account for spatial autocorrelation properly and reveal neighborhood impacts that are otherwise hidden, including the effects of area of forest enrolled in a concurrent PES program, gender and household size. The method can thus uncover mechanisms previously undetected due to not taking into account neighborhood impacts and thus provides an additional way to account for neighborhood impacts in PES programs and other studies.
Experimental measurements of anisotropic viscosity in naturally sourced dunite with a preexisting CPO

Abstract Naturally deformed dunite cores with a preexisting crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), collected from a shear zone in the Josephine peridotite (southwest Oregon, USA), were deformed experimentally in triaxial compression. The compression axis was varied relative to the CPO geometry to measure the anisotropy in viscosity of these rocks. Deformation experiments were performed in a gas-medium apparatus at three constant displacement-rate steps, at a temperature of 1250 °C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa. Cores were dehydrated at 1200 °C in a controlled CO/CO2 atmosphere prior to deformation to achieve nominally dry conditions. Data from individual experiments were fit by a power-law, yielding a stress exponent of n ≈ 3.6, indicative of deformation by dislocation creep. The maximum difference in viscosity was a factor of 2.6 at constant stress. The CPO of the olivine grains was measured after deformation by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The flow stress correlated with the mean Schmid factor (or resolved shear stress) on the easiest dislocation slip systems, calculated from grain orientations determined from EBSD analyses. Analysis of our data with a simplified effective-medium model, which incorporated constraints from published single-crystal flow laws, demonstrated the link between CPO and anisotropy in viscosity. Predictions from viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) models support our simplified analysis of the measured anisotropy.
Are Actions Costlier Than Words? Formal Models of Protester-Police Dynamic Interactions and Evidence from Empirical Analysis

Why do some protests face police repression while others are tolerated? This article formulates signaling game models to analyze the dynamic interaction between police and protesters in autocratic and democratic regimes. The theoretical framework of formal models suggests that low profile protester actions like peaceful marches with shouts avoid repressive police responses as opposed to high profile actions like close proximity contacts with the police. The equilibrium outcomes of our games are analyzed with empirical specifications that draw on two rich datasets. The empirical results of multinomial linear regression (MLR) models support the claim that police are likelier to repress protests which use aggressive actions. These results are one explanation for the Law of Coercive Responsiveness [14]. The robustness analysis of longitudinal data on protest events in the USA from 1960 to 1995 provides additional insights into the mechanism that protests relying on aggressive actions are more likely to face police violence.
Asthma and COPD

Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications including pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure. However, mild to moderate asthma has not been shown to pose significant perioperative pulmonary risk. For patients with known asthma or COPD, detailed examination and history are usually enough to assess severity; preoperative pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are useful only if obstructive lung disease is suspected but not previously documented.
Drug-Related Problems — Much Ado about Something

Adrug-related problem exists when a patient experiences a disease or symptoms related to drug therapy. 1 In their model of pharmaceutical care, Strand and colleagues 1 defined 8 categories of drug-related problems:  The patient has a medical condition requiring drug therapy (a drug indication) but is not receiving a drug for that indication.  The patient has a medical condition for which the wrong drug is being taken.  The patient has a medical condition for which too little of the correct drug is being taken.  The patient has a medical condition for which too much of the correct drug is being taken.  The patient has a medical condition resulting from an adverse drug reaction.  The patient has a medical condition resulting from a drug–drug, drug–food, or drug–laboratory interaction.  The patient has a medical condition as a result of not receiving the prescribed drug.  The patient has a medical condition as a result of taking a drug for which there is no indication. Drug-related problems have become a major public health issue in North America. They are responsible for staggering annual rates of morbidity and mortality and are associated with enormous costs to the health-care system. Which health-care professionals are in the best position to influence this important problem? Can pharmacists exert an impact on the magnitude of drug-related problems? Can hospital pharmacists make a difference?
Interface Structures and In-Situ Deformation Study of the SiC Coated Graphite Fiber/Aluminum Composite

Caracterisation detaillee par microscopie electronique en transmission a haute resolution des structures de l'interface entre l'aluminium et la courbure de silicium. Developpement d'une methodologie pour la determination des deformations plastiques a l'interface
Creep-Rupture and Fatigue Behaviors of Notched Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature

Abstract : Oxide/oxide composites are being considered for use in high temperature aerospace applications where their inherent resistance to oxidation provides for better long life properties at high temperature than most other ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). One promising oxide/oxide CMC is Nextel 720/A (N720/A) which uses an 8-harness satin weave (8HSW) of Nextel 720 fibers embedded in a porous alumina matrix. Possible aerospace applications for N720/A will likely require inserting holes into the material for mounting and cooling purposes. The notch characteristics must be understood to ensure designs using the material are sufficient for the desired application. This research effort examined the fatigue and creep-rupture characteristics of N720/A with a 0 /90 fiber orientation and notch to width ratio (2a/w) of 0.33. Specifically, 12.0 mm wide rectangular specimens with a 4.0 mm center hole were subjected to axial fatigue and creep-rupture loads in 1200 C laboratory air. Monotonic tensile tests at 1200 C were performed on unnotched specimens to provide a baseline for comparison with previous research. Fracture surfaces were examined under microscope to observe microstructure and damage mechanisms. Comparisons to previous unnotched research results at 1200 C show N720/A to be primarily insensitive to 0.33 notch ratios.
Summer in the Stratosphere

The well known Antarctic ozone hole occurs in the winter and spring stratosphere, as a result of ozone destruction by human-induced halogen compounds in the atmosphere. Fahey and Ravishankara (page 208) contrast the ozone destruction mechanisms active during the winter with those active during the summer. In contrast to the winter ozone hole, summertime ozone destruction can be attributed to chemical compounds that are naturally present in the stratosphere. This destruction will persist even when human-induced emissions are reduced.
Feasibility and potential benefit of collecting Complementary and Alternative Medicine data through a computerized patient interview.

OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of gathering Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) data directly from the patient via a computerized patient interview. DESIGN A quantitative descriptive study was utilized to determine whether patients would be willing to self-report their CAM usage and whether the self-reported data complements clinicians perceptions and medical records. MEASUREMENTS 40 patients were recruited to test the computerized patient interview application. Clinicians and staff (n=15) were also surveyed to determine their perceived CAM usage. In addition, a retrospective chart review (n=100) was done to estimate the documented CAM usage rate. RESULTS In this study, we had a 85% participation rate, suggesting patients are willing to share their CAM use through the computer application. The self reported usage rate was 85%, as compared to the chart documented usage rate of 9.5% and the average clinician/staff estimated usage rate of 43%.
Capsule-splitting phenomenon during capsulorhexis in pseudoexfoliation

We present the case of a 78-year-old white woman with a 2+ nuclear sclerotic cataract and pseudoexfoliation syndrome who had cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. The initial continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) was performed with a cystotome. Due to unusual tearing characteristics, there was concern that the anterior flap was pseudoexfoliative material instead of the lens capsule. Trypan blue was instilled in the anterior chamber, and the staining pattern indicated that the anterior capsule flap had failed to fold on itself initially. A CCC was initiated in the reverse direction and completed without complication. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the potential for the capsule-splitting phenomenon when performing a CCC in patients with pseudoexfoliation and the important role for capsule staining in these patients.
The Effect of Self-Instruction Training on Homework Completion in an Elementary Special Education Class

This study investigated the effectiveness of a self-control strategy, self-instruction training, for increasing homework completion in an elementary special education classroom. Using a multiple ba...
Psychosocial determinants of physical activity in children attending afterschool programs: a path analysis.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is important for controlling childhood obesity, but a comprehensive PA model for school-aged children is lacking. Objectives: Guided by the youth PA promotion (YPAP) model, this study estimated the direct and indirect effects of self-efficacy, enjoyment, parental influence, and environment on self-reported PA and pedometer steps. A secondary purpose was to explore the association between self-reported PA and pedometer steps. Methods: An observational and prospective study was conducted among 133 children, aged 8–11 years old, from 10 elementary schools with afterschool programs in a Midwestern U.S. school district from August through October 2013. PA was assessed by a 7-day recall scale and pedometers. Other variables were assessed by validated questionnaires. Results: Approximately 65 (49%) children were overweight or obese—only 17 (13%) met national PA recommendations—and body mass index z-score was negatively correlated with pedometer steps (r = −.18 p = .04). A path analysis showed that self-efficacy had a direct effect on self-reported PA and pedometer steps, enjoyment had only a direct effect on self-reported PA, and parental influence had a direct effect on pedometer steps and an indirect effect on self-reported PA through self-efficacy and enjoyment. The association between self-reported PA and pedometer steps was not significant. Discussion: Because this study only partially supports the YPAP model, studies with a larger sample size and longitudinal design are essential to further examine this model. The nonsignificant relationship of self-reported PA with pedometer steps may be due to the systematic error resulting from a common method artifact of self-report. Given the importance of parental influence, enjoyment, and self-efficacy, targeting these three determinants in future interventions to increase PA among children is recommended.
Thermal and spectral studies of some divalent metal chelate polymers of 2,4-dinitrosoresorcinol☆

Abstract The thermal and spectral properties of chelates of 2,4-dinitrosoresorcinol with copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, and mercury have been investigated. The properties of these chelates are compared with the previously studied chelates of N,N′-dinitroso-p-phenylenedihydroxylamine (dicupferron). Several unsuccessful attempts were made to prepare complexes of beryllium and manganese.
Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the vertebral column. A clinicopathologic correlation of ten patients

In a review of more than 1000 patients with osteogenic sarcoma of bone, the vertebral column was the site of the primary tumor in 10 patients. The vertebral osteogenic sarcoma in 4 of the 10 patients was secondary; to Paget's disease of bone in 3, and to irradiation received for a prior cancer in 1. Frequently, cord compression caused severe neurologic symptoms. Prognosis was always poor. Seven patients died of their disease within a year of histologic diagnosis. The differential diagnoses between osteogenic sarcoma and three benign tumors are reviewed, osteoblastoma being the tumor most frequently confused with osteogenic sarcoma. The radiologic and histologic criteria for distinguishing between the two are discussed.
C4 acid decarboxylation and CO2 donation to photosynthesis in bundle sheath strands and chloroplasts from species representing three groups of C4 plants.

Abstract The mechanism of decarboxylation of C4 acids and carboxyl donation to the Calvin pathway was studied in bundle sheath strands and chloroplasts isolated from leaves of species representing three groups of C4 plants: Digitaria sanguinalis (NADP-malic enzyme type),Panicum miliaceum (NAD-malic enzyme type), and Eriochloa borumensis (phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase type). High rates of 14CO2 fixation and HCO3− dependent O2 evolution were exhibited by bundle sheath strands and chloroplasts of P. miliaceum and E. borumensis, while those of D. sanguinalis (the NADP-malic enzyme type) required the addition of ribose 5-phosphate and malate for maximum activity. In all three species, 3-(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea inhibition of 14CO2 fixation was partially overcome by the addition of malate, suggesting that malate can serve as a source of reductive power for carbon assimilation. Decarboxylation of 4-14C-labeled C4 acids was followed in the presence of glyceraldehyde, an inhibitor of the Calvin pathway. A large light-dependent stimulation of malate decarboxylation occurred by the addition of 3-phosphoglycerate (6 m m ) with bundle sheath cells of all three groups and with bundle sheath chloroplasts of D. sanguinalis and E. borumensis. Although malate is suggested to be decarboxylated through the respective primary decarboxylase of each species, the 3-phosphoglycerate enhancement suggests that pyridine nucleotide reduction from malate oxidation is used during the reductive phase of the Calvin pathway. Bundle sheath strands from all three species decarboxylated aspartate with severalfold stimulation by the addition of either α-ketoglutarate (10 m m ) or pyruvate (1 m m ), with the lowest rate in D. sanguinalis. Bundle sheath chloroplasts from either of the three species could not decarboxylate aspartate. A light-independent decarboxylation of aspartate is suggested through NAD-malic enzyme in bundle sheath mitochondria in all three types of C4 species, the rates being highest in P. miliaceum. A light-dependent portion of aspartate decarboxylation in E. borumensis is suggested to be through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. C4. acid decarboxylation in all three species was inhibited by HCO3− (CO2 may be the active species). Consistent with the C4 acid decarboxylation studies, the bundle sheath strands of the three species gave light-dependent O2 evolution with aspartate or malate, the bundle sheath chloroplasts of D. sanguinalis and E. borumensis exhibited light-dependent O2 evolution only with malate, and the bundle sheath chloroplasts of P. miliaceum showed no C4 acid-dependent O2 evolution. In all three C4 types, malate decarboxylation, though by different decarboxylases, interacted with the Calvin pathway by providing both CO2 and reducing power, while aspartate decarboxylation provided only CO2.
Efficient in vivo gene delivery by the negatively charged complexes of cationic liposomes and plasmid DNA.

Abstract We examined changes in zeta potential (the surface charge density, ζ ) of the complexes of liposome (nmol)/DNA (μg) (L/D) formed in water at three different ratios (L/D=1, 10 and 20) by changing the ionic strength or pH to find an optimum formulation for in vivo gene delivery. At high DNA concentrations, ζ of the complexes formed in water at L/D=10 was significantly lowered by adding NaCl ( ζ =+8.44±3.1 to −27.6±3.5 mV) or increasing pH from 5 ( ζ =+15.3±1.0) to 9 ( ζ =−22.5±2.5 mV). However, the positively charged complexes formed at L/D=20 ( ζ =+6.2±3.5 mV) became negative as NaCl was added at alkaline pH as observed in medium ( ζ =−19.7±9.9 mV). Thus, the complexes formed in water under the optimum condition were stable and largely negatively charged at L/D=1 ( ζ =−58.1±3.9 mV), unstable and slightly positively charged at L/D=10 ( ζ =+8.44±3.7 mV), and unstable and largely positively charged at L/D=20 ( ζ =+24.3±3.6 mV). The negatively charged complexes efficiently delivered DNA into both solid and ascitic tumor cells. However, the positively charged complexes were very poor in delivering DNA into solid tumors, yet were efficient in delivering DNA into ascitic tumors grown in the peritoneum regardless of complex size. This slightly lower gene transfer efficiency of the negatively charged complexes can be as efficient as the positively charged ones when an injection is repeated (at least two injections), which is the most common case for therapy regimes. The results indicate that optimum in vivo lipofection may depend on the site of tumor growth.
How does the economy shape policy preferences

Abstract How do changes in the economy translate into shifts in aggregate preferences for a more or less activist government in the U.S.—a construct referred to as “policy mood”? Existing theories pose alternative explanations based on either a Maslow Hierarchy of Needs model, where citizens prefer an activist federal government to expand the social safety net when the economic future looks bright ( Durr, 1993 ), or a Phillips Curve model ( Erikson et al., 2002 ), in which the objective economic maladies of inflation and unemployment drive policy mood. We show that neither of these explanations withstands empirical scrutiny when analysis is extended beyond the time period of the original authors' work, suggest the existing wisdom tying the economy to policy mood is wrong, and offer some alternative avenues to pursue in search of an answer to the question: What moves policy mood?
On the theory of the faradaic admittance with reactant adsorption

Summary Explicit expressions are derived for the faradaic admittance of metal/metal ion and redox electrodes with reactant adsorption, without making a priori assumptions regarding the dependence of the rate constants on potential. The results exhibit two types of coupling: that between redox and desad processes, and that between interfacial and transport impedances.
Magnetic Effects and the Hartree-Fock Equation

The Hartree-Fock equations state that each electron in an atom or molecular system should move in a different potential. In some cases, particularly magnetic cases, this leads to important consequences, since electrons with opposite spins move in different potentials. In particular, in an antiferromagnetic substance, electrons of + and - spin have different potentials; and for an electron of + spin, for instance, the potential energy is lower in those atoms whose spins are pointed in the + direction than in those with the opposite spin. This results in a periodic perturbation of potential, with periodicity twice the atomic periodicity, and leads to a splitting of each energy band in half, with a gap in the middle. In a case where the energy band was half full, resulting in a conductor: when we disregard this effect, the resulting half-band will be just filled when we consider it; this may explain the insulating nature of some antiferromagnetics. A similar argument applied to a diatomic molecule like ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ can result in two alternative types of solutions of the Hartree-Fock equations: one leading to atomic orbitals, the other to molecular orbitals. The solution with atomic orbitals shows an analogy to the antiferromagnetic problem; that with ordinary molecular orbitals shows an analogy to the band theory of a non-magnetic conductor.
Increased Estuarine Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon Vaccinated against Vibrio anguillarum

Abstract Juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, some vaccinated against Vibrio anguillarum and others unvaccinated, were released into the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire during 1977 and 1978. Survival of vaccinated coho salmon was 1.2 to 15 times greater than that of unvaccinated fish. Vaccination did not affect the growth of coho salmon.
Attributions of Responsibility by Simulated Jurors: Stage of Moral Reasoning and Guilt by Association

Simulated jurors (91 male and 116 female undergraduates) judged the guilt of and assigned the sentence for a defendant in an ambiguous murder case. Severity of crime and sentence decreased significantly with increasing stage of moral reasoning. The addition of evidence interpretable as guilt by association produced less severe guilt and sentence decisions at the preconventional and conventional stages. Results were discussed in light of numerous person-perception ratings of the victim and defendant.
Species source of complement in viral-immune and other cytolytic reactions.

SummaryFresh normal rabbit serum was more effective than guinea pig complement in immune cytolytic reactions with inactivated antiviral serum and ascites tumor cells infected with Sendai virus, and also in cytolysis with a mouse histocompatibility antigen and homologous antibody. When the antiviral rabbit serum had not been heated to 56° both guinea pig complement and rabbit complement augmented viral-immune cytolysis. A primary effect of immune cytolysis on the cell membrane was indicated by the appearance in some cells of permeability to dye before respiration was impaired.
Evidence for function of UDP galactose pyrophosphorylase in mice with absent galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase.

Abstract Mice with deletion of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) gene were examined for their ability to form 13 C labeled hepatic UDP glucose from administered 1- 13 C galactose. NMR analysis of urinary acetaminophen glucuronide, which is derived from hepatic UDP glucose showed 13 C enrichment after concomitant administration of 13 C galactose and acetaminophen. The finding is consistent with the function of UDP galactose pyrophosphorylase as an alternate pathway of galactose metabolism.
Shielding-Effectiveness Modeling of Carbon-Fiber/Nylon- 6,6 Composites

We have formulated a linear theory for the shielding effectiveness of composite matrix materials and have tested the theory for various amounts of Thermal- Graph DKD X carbon fiber within nylon 6,6. The theory predicts that the most important parameters for the shield- ing effectiveness of a sample are the carbon-fiber volume percentage and the frequency of the wave to be shielded. Although we expected the model to be valid at low filler- loading levels, it actually performs remarkably, covering an electrical-resistivity range of 10 16 (at low filler-loading lev- els) to 10 1 cm (at high filler-loading levels), well above the percolation threshold of electrical-resistivity theory. The model performs much better than those reported in the literature and can be used to determine filler loadings needed to provide a certain level of shielding of electromag- netic waves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 62- 69, 2005
A generalized continuum theory for concrete

Abstract A generalized continuum theory of the volume-fraction type for concrete that accounts for the porosity of the matrix and the composite nature of concrete is developed. The fundamentals concepts for this theory are reviewed in some detail and the balance equations for concrete are then developed. The laws of motion and the thermodynamic processes for concrete are also studied. A general formulation of the constitutive postulates is discussed, and the linear theory is analyzed as a particular case.
Thermodynamics of the monohydrogen difluorides VI. Heat capacities of RbHF2 and CsHF2 from 300 to 530 K, transitions and melting☆

Abstract The heat capacities of RbHF2 and CsHF2 were determined from 5 to 533 K, and hence into the molten-salt region by adiabatic calorimetry. The thermodynamics of the transitions were determined. The entropy of transition ΔSt of the II-to-I transition in RbHF2 is (5.59 ± 0.04) calth K−1 mol−1 and the corresponding entropy of melting ΔSm is (2.31 ± 0.03) calth K−1 mol−1. Both entropy values are comparable to those in the isostructural compound KHF2. For CsHF2, ΔSt(III-to-II), ΔSt(II-to-I), and ΔSm are (1.74 ± 0.07), (2.20 ± 0.08), and (1.62 ± 0.09) calth K−1 mol−1. The occurrence of the II-to-I transition was first reported on the basis of these studies. At 500 K the standard entropies So are (47.91 ± 0.05) and (50.63 ± 0.05) calth K−1 mol−1 for RbHF2 and CsHF2.
Ibuprofen attenuates early lung injury in endotoxemic, neutropenic rats

The objective of our study was to determine the role of ibuprofen in protecting neutropenic rats from cardiopulmonary injury due to endotoxemia. We hypothesized that ibuprofen would offer pulmonary protection by altering cytokine production. Neutropenic rats received E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or ibuprofen and LPS. After 4 h, arterial blood gases, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for TNF- alpha and MIP-2 concentrations. Lung tissue for iNOS mRNA and myeloperoxidase were obtained. The ibuprofen group had decreased heart rate and better oxygenation. Ibuprofen suppressed TNF- alpha and MIP-2 production in blood and MIP-2 concentrations in BALF. Lung mRNA for iNOS was higher in the ibuprofen group. Neutrophil infiltration in the lung was similar in both groups. Ibuprofen attenuated cardiopulmonary dysfunction by decreasing the early cytokine response. The balance of vasodilator to vasoconstrictor production in the lung may favor vasodilation as shown by increased iNOS mRNA and suppression of thromboxane.
Cross-sectional imaging of acute abdominal conditions in the oncologic patient

Cross-sectional imaging of acute abdominal conditions encompasses a broad differential diagnosis, including traumatic, inflammatory, and infectious etiologies. In addition, an underappreciated contributor to the acute abdomen is oncologic disease and its treatment. Oncologic patients are at increased risk in the development of numerous acute abdominal conditions due to a combination of tumor invasion, sequelae of treatment, and altered immune response. Cross-sectional imaging of the oncologic patient poses several unique challenges due to the need to be able to evaluate surgically altered anatomy, evaluation of treatment response, and potential untoward effects of neoplasia and its treatment. The radiologist plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to cancer diagnosis and management. In addition to diagnosis and follow-up assessment of disease response, the radiologist should be familiar with the imaging findings of acute conditions affecting the oncologic patient to optimize patient care. Recognition of key imaging findings can allow prompt diagnosis and facilitate treatment for potentially lethal abdominal conditions in the complex oncologic patient, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
A novel receptor for secretory component on porcine mononuclear cells

Abstract Porcine mononuclear cells from peripheral blood separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient technique bound secretory IgA preferentially but not serum IgA or IgG after capping with anti-Ig. When the cells were incubated with free secretory component and washed, serum IgA binding was facilitated. Thus, the results indicate that a subpopulation of porcine circulating mononuclear cells bear surface receptors for secretory component (SC-receptor).
Covalent binding of proteins and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to cellulosic carriers activated with s-triazine trichloride.

Abstract A method was developed for covalently binding proteins and enzymes to cellulosic carriers such that the enzymes retained high specific activity. Optimal conditions for activating the carriers with s-triazine trichloride were found to be: (a) pretreatment of cellulose with 3 m NaOH; and (b) reaction with 5% ( w w ) s-triazine trichloride in dioxane-xylene (1:1 w w ) for 30 min at room temperature. All proteins tested bound most readily at pH values below pH 7. Extensive investigation of immobilized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed that: (a) over 80% of the specific activity of the enzyme was retained; and (b) the pH optimum and Km values were not altered significantly from that of the free enzyme. The binding method has been applied successfully to hexokinase, phosphorylase and pronase.
Diagnostic, Symptom, and Functional Assessments of Hispanic Outpatients in Community Mental Health Practice

With increased US Hispanic diversity come diagnostic challenges associated with culture, language, and expression of mental disorders. In a community-based clinic, we compared diagnostic agreement between Hispanic and non-Hispanic clinicians, and a structured diagnostic instrument, in live and videotaped interviews with Hispanic adults. Percentage agreement and kappas show low diagnostic reliability between clinicians, and between clinicians and instrument. Significant differences appeared in rates of various diagnoses. Non-Hispanic clinicians rated patients’ functional capacity and symptom-severity as significantly worse than Hispanic clinicians. Findings match past research with Hispanic patients and raise questions about diagnostic reliability in multi-cultural community mental health practice.
Gray wolf density and its association with weights and hematology of pups from 1970 to 1988.

We examined weights and hematologic profiles of gray wolf (Canis lupus) pups and the associated wolf density in the east-central Superior National Forest of northeastern Minnesota (USA) during 1970 to 1988. We collected weight and hematologic data from 117 pups (57 females, 60 males) during 1 September to 22 November each year. The wolf density (wolves/800 km2) trend was divided into three phases: high (72 ± 7), 1970 to 1975; medium (44 ± 2), 1976 to 1983; and low (27 ± 2), 1984 to 1988. Wolf numbers declined (P = 0.0001) 39 and 63% from 1970 to 1975 to 1976 to 1983 and from 1970 to 1975 to 1984 to 1988, respectively. Weight was similar between male and female pups and did not vary as wolf density changed. Mean hemoglobin (P = 0.04), red (P = 0.0001) and white blood cells (P = 0.002), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P = 0.0001) did differ among the multi-annual phases of changing wolf density. Weight and hematologic data also were compare...
Oxygen consumption and plasma protein-bound iodine following elemental iodine injections.

Dvoskin (1947) reported findings which indicated thyroxine-like action of subcutaneously injected elemental iodine (I2), such as speeding up the retarded growth rates of thyroidectomized rats, decreasing adrenal gland hypertrophy following thyroidectomy and diminishing the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid in thiouraciltreated rats. It seemed probable that these effects were exerted through formation of thyroxine-like substances, possibly at the very site of injection of the I2. If so, one would expect to find (1) an elevation in plasma protein-bound iodine (PI) and (2) an increase in metabolic rate as thyroxine or a similar compound was absorbed from the region of production. These changes actually do result, although the increases in plasma PI are far greater in magnitude than the metabolic effects. methods The experimental animals used were young adult male and female Sprague-Dawley albino rats, 200 to 350 gms. in weight, the females being consistently lighter than the males.
Investment policy, financing policy, and performance characteristics of de novo savings and loan associations☆

Abstract This paper develops a simultaneous equation model to investigate the investment policies, financing policies, and risk/return characteristics of de novo thrift institutions. A model to explain state entry rates for de novo institutions is also presented. Entry dates are significantly influenced by investment powers as the numbers of de novo charters are found to be significantly higher in states with the most liberal set of permissible activities. Economic growth and the demand for financial services also contributed to higher entry rates. Utilization of the liberal powers did not, however, contribute positively to returns. Firms with riskier asset portfolios were found to have lower realized returns. Efficiency in operations and strong capitalization were found to be positively associated with higher returns.
Debiasing of Pessimistic Judgments Associated with Anxiety: A Test of the Availability Heuristic

This investigation directly tested the Consider-An-Alternative debiasing procedure and the reduction of pessimistic threat-related judgments associated with anxiety. Two separate generation interventions were included to test the availability heuristic as a possible explanation of the debiasing effect. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions and probability estimates of future threat-related events were completed in a repeated measures experimental design. Level of trait anxiety was measured to assign participants to “normal” and highly anxious groups. The data were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA. The results found that only the short debiasing intervention showed a significant reduction of pessimistic judgments in comparison to the control group. The results were interpreted as supporting the availability heuristic as an explanation of the debiasing effect. Further analysis also suggested that the content of recall may be as important to the debiasing effect as ease of recall.
Merleau-Ponty's Human Ambiguity

(1979). Merleau-Ponty's Human Ambiguity. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 23-38.
Transgranular fracture of heat-treated weldments in a high-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy

Abstract Widmanstatten plus grain boundary alpha fusion and near heat-affected zone microstructures in heat-treated Ti-6A1-6V-2Sn weldments fractured predominantly transgranularly despite the presence of an extremely large prior-beta grain size and a nearly-continuous grain boundary alpha morphology. Crack initiation involved in highly-localized, shear-induced separation at grain boundary alpha - retained beta interfaces, with minimal slip and deformation in the grain boundary alpha. The ability of slip in grain boundary alpha to be accommodated within the grain interior prevented intense slip in the grain boundary alpha. This absence of severe grain boundary deformation and the nature of slip within the prior-beta grains promoted transgranular rather than intergranular crack propagation.
Unified Relevance Feedback for Multi-Application User Interest Modeling

A user often interacts with multiple applications while working on a task. User models can be developed individually at each of the individual applications, but there is no easy way to come up with a more complete user model based on the distributed activity of the user. To address this issue, this research studies the importance of combining various implicit and explicit relevance feedback indicators in a multi-application environment. It allows different applications used for different purposes by the user to contribute user activity and its context to mutually support users with unified relevance feedback. Using the data collected by the web browser, Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint, combinations of implicit relevance feedback with semi-explicit relevance feedback were analyzed and compared with explicit user ratings. Our results are two-fold: first we demonstrate the aggregation of implicit and semi-explicit user interest data across multiple everyday applications using our Interest Profile Manager (IPM) framework. Second, our experimental results show that incorporating implicit feedback with semi-explicit feedback for page-level user interest estimation resulted in a significant improvement over the content-based models.
Concise Review: A Chemical Approach to Control Cell Fate and Function†‡§

Stem cells are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and mediating physiological and pathological regeneration. Recent breakthroughs in stem cell biology have generated tremendous enthusiasm and hope for the therapeutic potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, this research is still in an early development stage. An improved understanding of stem cell biology is required to precisely manipulate stem cell fate and to harness these cells for regenerative medicine. Small molecules, targeting specific signaling pathways and mechanisms, are powerful tools for manipulating stem cells for desired outcomes. Those small molecules are increasingly important in probing the fundamental mechanisms of stem cell biology and facilitating the development of therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. These could involve cell replacement therapies with homogenous functional cells produced under chemically defined conditions in vitro and the development of small-molecule drugs that modulate patient's endogenous cells for therapeutic benefit.
The National Institutes of Health Announces Online Availability of “Points to Consider When Planning a Genetic Study That Involves Members of Named Populations”

To the Editor: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has developed a guide for researchers, called “Points to Consider When Planning a Genetic Study That Involves Members of Named Populations.” The NIH supports and encourages the concept and process of community consultation in many research areas and believes that investigators who are planning genetic-research projects involving members of named populations should consider whether and how those communities should be consulted. The new “Points to Consider” document describes what is meant by “community consultation”; presents situations in which community consultation should be considered; identifies potential benefits, both for researchers and for communities, that engagement in this process offers; and provides practical examples of how to plan a community consultation. The “Points to Consider” document is posted on the NIH Web site, at the URL given below. It is increasingly important for researchers to realize that nonscientists may not be well versed in the scientific benefits resulting from genetics research. Individuals and the communities to which they belong may fear that participation in genetic studies involving named populations may end up stereotyping that particular named population, potentially putting the entire community at risk of discrimination by insurers or other third parties. In creating the “Points to Consider” document, the NIH aims to assist scientists in the design of studies that operate in variable social and cultural contexts and that yield meaningful data while they work with communities.