cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Seebeck Coefficient of Quantum Dots

The Seebeck coefficient S is an important performance characteristic of thermoelectric materials. In this paper we establish the fact that quantum dots and single-electron tunneling devices with narrow, well-spaced energy levels and sharp transmission resonances have a Seebeck coefficient independent of material parameters. By employing a delta function for the transmission resonances we arrive at an intrinsic expression for S in terms of the fundamental electronic charge e. We further confirm the validity of our result in the case of a transmission resonance with finite width.
The influence of secondary structure on the translation of ribosomal RNA.

Abstract The possible role of secondary structure in controlling the translation of rRNA has been investigated by studying the effect of the thermal denaturation of Bacillus subtilis rRNA on its template activity. Thermal denaturation of this rRNA begins at 45 °C and it has an estimated T m of 70 °C in the buffer used in the template assay reaction mixture. The template activity of rRNA was measured as a function of temperature in an in vitro amino acid-incorporating system from Bacillus stearothermophilus . Whole cell RNA from either B. stearothermophilus or B. subtilis , and poly (U) were effective templates in this system, which was active up to 69 °C. The activity of a natural template, R17 viral RNA, increased with increasing temperatures of the cell-free incorporating system, reflecting a loss of ordered structure in the RNA at higher temperatures. Purified B. subtilis rRNA was not active as a template at any temperature tested (40–65 °C), even though it was approximately one-third denatured at 65 °C. However, the rRNA exhibited template activity which increased with temperature when neomycin was included in the template assay reaction mixture. These results indicate that although ordered structure does not seem to be the primary inhibiting factor in preventing translation of rRNA, it may affect translation once the primary inhibiting factor is overcome.
The Role of IL-6 Type Cytokines and Their Receptors in Boneaa

Substantial evidence indicates that the IL-6 type of cytokines have profound effects on bone metabolism by regulating osteoclast and osteoblast development and function. In addition, there is evidence that the gp130 signal transduction pathway may be a critical site for the regulation of the rate of bone remodeling, and probably the coupling of bone resorption to bone formation. Sex steroids inhibit the expression of the genes encoding IL-6, gp80, and gp130, most likely by repressing the activity of transcription factors such as NF kappa B and NF-IL-6. Considering this and the evidence that IL-6 autoregulates its own production and can upregulate the components of its receptor, removal of the direct inhibitory effects of sex steroids on IL-6, gp80, and gp130 could unleash a self-amplifying cascade of events responsible for increasing not only the production of IL-6, but also the responsiveness of osteoclast progenitors, osteoblast progenitors, and stromal/osteoblastic cells that support osteoclastogenesis, or combinations of these cells, to IL-6 type cytokines. Such a scenario could explain both the increased osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis that follows loss of gonadal function and thereby the effect of such loss on the rate of bone remodeling and skeletal homeostasis. Manipulation of the effects of IL-6 type cytokines, by selectively targeting to specific bone cell precursors, may allow means of altering the balance between bone resorption and formation in favor of the latter.
An in vivo model of external superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: laryngoscopic findings.

Objectives/Hypothesis: For over 100 years, a controversy has existed regarding the laryngeal signs that should be considered pathognomonic of unilateral external superior laryngeal nerve (ESLN) paralysis. By selectively blocking the ESLN using lidocaine, we attempted to identify the salient laryngeal features associated with acute, unilateral cricothyroid (CT) muscle dysfunction. Study Design: Prospective, repeated measures, experimental design. Methods: Ten vocally normal adult males underwent lidocaine block of the right ESLN with laryngeal electromyography verification. Flexible videolaryngostroboscopic (FVLS) recordings were acquired before and during the block. Eleven blinded, expert judges, rated randomized pre- versus during block recordings of 10 vocal tasks using standardized FVLS rating protocols. Results: Contrary to recent clinical reports, no evidence of hypomobility/sluggishness of the ipsilateral vocal fold, or a consistent pattern of axial rotation of the larynx was observed. Instead, the analysis revealed: 1) deviation of the petiole of the epiglottis to the side of weakness in 60% of participants during a glissando up maneuver produced at normal volume, and 2) axial rotation of the posterior commissure to the left and the anterior commissure to the right in 50% of participants during a maneuver which rapidly alternated between a maximum vocal fold abduction task (sniff) and a high-pitched “ee” production. Conclusions: Neither of these laryngeal findings has been reported previously. They potentially represent valuable diagnostic markers of acute, unilateral CT paralysis. Clinical populations need to be explored to better appreciate the diagnostic value and precision of these laryngeal signs. Laryngoscope, 2009
Learning dynamic control of body roll orientation

Our objective was to examine how the control of orientation is learned in a task involving dynamically balancing about an unstable equilibrium point, the gravitational vertical, in the absence of leg reflexes and muscle stiffness. Subjects (n = 10) used a joystick to set themselves to the gravitational vertical while seated in a multi-axis rotation system (MARS) device programmed with inverted pendulum dynamics. The MARS is driven by powerful servomotors and can faithfully follow joystick commands up to 2.5 Hz with a 30-ms latency. To make the task extremely difficult, the pendulum constant was set to 600°/s2. Each subject participated in five blocks of four trials, with a trial ending after a cumulative 100 s of balancing, excluding reset times when a subject lost control. To characterize performance and learning, we used metrics derived from joystick movements, phase portraits (joystick deflections vs MARS position and MARS velocity vs angular position), and stabilogram diffusion functions. We found that as subjects improved their balancing performance, they did so by making fewer destabilizing joystick movements and reducing the number and duration of joystick commands. The control strategy they acquired involved making more persistent short-term joystick movements, waiting longer before making changes to ongoing motion, and only intervening intermittently.
Discrete Riccati Equations for Three Term Recurrences

Suppose throughout this chapter that we are given n × n matrix functions C(t), P(t), and E(t) with the following properties.
Determination of enantiomeric excess and concentration of unprotected amino acids, amines, amino alcohols, and carboxylic acids by competitive binding assays with a chiral scandium complex.

A practical UV−vis sensing method for enantioselective microanalysis of unprotected amino acids, amines, amino alcohols, and carboxylic acids in aqueous solution has been developed. Both concentration and enantiomeric composition of a wide range of chiral substrates can be determined with high accuracy by two simple competitive binding assays using a scandium complex derived from 1,8-bis(3-(3‘,5‘-dimethylphenyl)-9-acridyl)naphthalene N,N‘-dioxide.
The doctoring curriculum at the University of California, Davis School Of Medicine: leadership and participant roles for psychiatry faculty.

The authors describe in detail the 3-year model of the Doctoring curriculum plus an elective fourth-year Doctoring course at University of California, Davis School of Medicine (UCDSOM) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine and the critical role for psychiatry faculty leadership and participation. The authors present a review of curricular materials and course operations for the different Doctoring courses for first-, second-, third-, and fourth-year curriculum. The authors describe the role of psychiatry faculty in both leadership and in group facilitation. The Doctoring curriculum offers case-based, small-group learning that relies heavily on standardized patients to teach core content around doctor-patient communication, ethics behavioral medicine and counseling approaches. There are frequent psychosocial issues woven in to these encounters. Psychiatry faculty members and other mental health professionals are well-prepared by virtue of their training to lead small group discussions and facilitate the supportive elements of the small groups in medical education. The Doctoring curriculum is both a biopsychosocial educational endeavor and a high-visibility leadership opportunity for the Department of Psychiatry. Other medical schools and departments of psychiatry may wish to pursue similar roles in their didactic programs.
HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH AND GLOBAL LAND-USE/COVER CHANGE

Contemporary interdisciplinary research on human-induced global environmental change recognizes two broad and overlapping fields of study (67). That of industrial metabolism investigates the flow of materials and energy through the chain of extraction, production, consumption, and disposal of modem industrial society. That of land-use/land-cover change, our concern here, deals with the alteration of the land surface and its biotic cover. Environmental changes of either kind become global change in one of two ways (106): by affecting a globally fluid system (the atmosphere, world climate, sea level) or by occurring in a localized or patchwork fashion in enough places to sum up to a globally significant total. Land-use change contributes to both kinds of global change: to such systemic changes as trace-gas accumulation and to such cumulative or patchwork impacts as biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and hydrological change. Land-use/land-cover change is a hybrid category. Land use denotes the human employment of the land and is studied largely by social scientists. Land cover denotes the physical and biotic character of the land surface and is studied largely by natural scientists. Connecting the two are proximate sources of change: human activities that directly alter the physical environment. These activities reflect human goals that are shaped by underlying social driving forces. Proximate sources change the land cover, with further environmental consequences that may ultimately feed back to affect land use. Contemporary global environmental change is clearly unique. The human reshaping of the earth has reached a truly global scale, is unprecedented in its magnitude and rate, and increasingly involves significant impacts on the
Asymmetric game design and player location: An empirical study on mobile play experiences

The emergence of new hardware and software tools for game design and play provides an important opportunity to study how players interact and what new modes of play experiences achieve the highest overall player experience. This study examines an asymmetric game design - wherein players choose different roles in a one-against-many scenario. We empirically validate asymmetric game design through a formal usability study that measures how location (co-location vs. distributed location) and role selection influence overall player satisfaction. Results demonstrate that players enjoy asymmetric games and appreciate the ability to select their desired role without being constrained by other players' selection. Additionally, this study finds that real-world placement/location significantly influences play style. This study contributes to the field by defining the viability of this emerging game design pattern and points to novel opportunities for future research.
A quantum correction based on Schrodinger equation applied to Monte Carlo device simulation

A full-band Monte Carlo model has been coupled to a Schrodinger equation solver to account for the size quantization effects that occur at heterojunctions, such as the oxide interface in MOS devices. The overall model retains the features of the well-developed semi-classical approach, by treating self-consistently the Schrodinger solution as a correction to the particle-based Monte Carlo. The simulator has been benchmarked by comparing results for MOS capacitors and double gate structures with a self-consistent quantum solution, showing that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate. This quantum correction methodology is extended to device simulation, by accounting for the interplay between confinement and transport through a parameter which we call "transverse" temperature. This approach appears to be valid even for nanometer-scale devices in which nonequilibrium ballistic transport is occurring. We present simulations of a 25-nm MOSFET and compare results obtained with and without the quantum correction.
Non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma of a lumbar nerve root: A rare cause of lumbar radiculopathy

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the spinal nerve roots is rare. The presentation of nerve root lymphoma mimics other forms of radiculopathy. In vivo, nerve root lymphomas are difficult to differentiate from nerve sheath tumors by imaging studies. The nature of the tumor can be determined best by histological examination. Surgical removal of nerve root lymphomas commonly produces trauma to the nerve roots. Hence, we prefer to use surgical decompression of nerve roots rather than tumor enucleation. Here, we present a patient with a lumbar nerve root lymphoma to remind clinicians of the possibility of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in instances of lumbar radiculopathy.
Approximating optimal policies for agents with limited execution resources

An agent with limited consumable execution resources needs policies that attempt to achieve good performance while respecting these limitations. Otherwise, an agent (such as a plane) might fail catastrophically (crash) when it runs out of resources (fuel) at the wrong time (in midair). We present a new approach to constructing policies for agents with limited execution resources that builds on principles of real-time AI, as well as research in constrained Markov decision processes. Specifically, we formulate, solve, and analyze the policy optimization problem where constraints are imposed on the probability of exceeding the resource limits. We describe and empirically evaluate our solution technique to show that it is computationally reasonable, and that it generates policies that sacrifice some potential reward in order to make the kinds of precise guarantees about the probability of resource overutilization that are crucial for mission-critical applications.
Unsupervised iterative segmentation and recognition of anatomic structures in medical imagery using second-order B-spline descriptors and geometric quasi-invariants

A geometric deformable model is presented for iterative segmentation and recognition of boundaries belonging to anatomic structures in medical imagery. The model utilizes a conventional edge detection algorithm for the extraction of potential boundaries. B-spline descriptors for the boundaries are then calculated. Next, geometric quasi-invariants of the control point sets, describing the B-splines are used to match potential boundaries with that of a prototype template stored in memory. Such a template is part of a novel second-order B-spline prototype templates library where the boundaries of anatomic structures are stored as sets of control points instead of storing the images themselves. The utilization of a control point set for segmentation and recognition reduces computational complexity and improves the accuracy and efficiency of the process. Once a match has been found, segmentation is done again with the parameters of the matching template. Utilizing these parameters minimizes noise and other unwanted features. This model does not suffer from many of the drawbacks associated with other deformable templates and snake models that are currently used, such as computational complexity, user interaction, sensitivity to initial conditions and others. Furthermore, unlike most deformable model templates, this algorithm is not limited to a few images and does not require huge storage space since control point sets are used to describe templates in the library. Experiments performed on medical images confirm the efficiency and robustness of this algorithm.
Dopamine transporter gene susceptibility to methylation is associated with impulsivity in nonhuman primates

Impulsivity, the predisposition to act without regard for negative consequences, is a characteristic of several psychiatric disorders and is thought to result in part from genetic variation in the ...
Blood flow, vascular resistance, and blood volume after hemorrhage in conscious adrenalectomized rat

Darlington, Daniel N., and Majid J. Tehrani. Blood flow, vascular resistance, and blood volume after hemorrhage in conscious adrenalectomized rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1648–1653, 1997.—Hemorrha...
The role of receptor-like kinases in regulating cell wall function.

The plant cell wall is a rigid but highly dynamic structure that provides mechanical support, protection against pathogen attack, and determines the direction and extent of cell expansion ([Humphrey et al., 2007][1]). The dynamic nature of the plant cell wall allows growing cells to expand while
Multiphoton intrapulse interference 8. Coherent control through scattering tissue

We demonstrate experimentally that selective two-photon probe excitation using phase shaped pulses can be achieved even when the laser propagates through scattering tissue. The pre-optimized phase tailored femtosecond pulses were able to identify acidic and basic solutions of a pH sensitive chromophore hidden behind a slab of scattering tissue. This observation has important implications for future applications of coherent control for biomedical imaging and photodynamic therapy.
G-E-M sensor networks for mission critical surveillance in hostile environments

The gathering of surveillance data such as visual intelligence from potentially hostile areas has long played a pivotal role in attaining various safety and security objectives. The methodology of gathering such surveillance is increasingly shifting towards rapid-deployment autonomous networks that limit the need for human exposure, and that cover large unattended areas while operating over extended periods of time. To achieve the surveillance objectives, such networks must be dependable and secure even in the presence of a potentially hostile counter-surveillance opponent. In this work we explicitly model and consider the presence of such an opponent in the form of a hostile sensor network with eavesdropping and actuation capabilities. We present a methodology for addressing the security and dependability issues arising in such extreme settings, which we collectively refer to as G-E-M. Specifically, we wish to ensure the legitimacy and authenticity of the gathered (G-E-M) visual surveillance in the presence of a hostile network engaged in stealthy disinformation activities. We also wish to ensure that the collected surveillance can be encrypted (G-E-M) for transmission even if keys between the nodes and the sink are temporarily compromised or otherwise unavailable. Finally we wish to ensure that the network design both inherently prolongs the lifetime of the network and also mitigates (G-E-M) deliberate energy drains. These issues are not typically examined collectively though the dependability of all these components is required to maintain the functionality and longevity of the network. Though developed and presented for the case of an attacker in the form of a hostile network, the methodologies have applicability to networks with a subset of subverted nodes that behave maliciously.
The Sensitivity of a Coupled Atmospheric–Oceanic GCM to Prescribed Low-Level Clouds over the Ocean and Tropical Landmasses

The sensitivity of a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) to tropical marine stratocumulus (MSc) clouds and low-level clouds over the tropical land is examined. The hypothesis that low-level clouds play an important role in determining the strength and position of the Walker circulation and also on the strength and phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) experimental prediction CGCM. In the Tropics, a GFDL experimental prediction CGCM exhibits a strong bias in the western Pacific where an eastward shift in the ascending branch of the Walker circulation diminishes the strength and expanse of the sea surface temperature (SST) warm pool, thereby reducing the east-west SST gradient, and effectively weakening the trade winds. These model features are evidence of a poorly simulated Walker circulation, one that mirrors a ''perpetual El Nino'' state. One possible factor contributing to this bias is a poor simulation of MSc clouds in the eastern equatorial Pacific (which are essential to a proper SST annual cycle). Another possible contributing factor might be radiative heating biases over the land in the Tropics, which could, in turn, have a significant impact on the preferred locations of maximum convection in the Tropics. As a means of studying the sensitivity of a CGCM to both MSc clouds and to varied radiative forcing over the land in the Tropics, low-level clouds obtained from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) are prescribed. The experiment sets consist of one where clouds are fully predicted, another where ISCCP low- level clouds are prescribed over the oceans alone, and a third where ISCCP low-level clouds are prescribed both over the global oceans and over the tropical landmasses. A set of ten 12-month hindcasts is performed for each experiment. The results show that the combined prescription of interannually varying global ocean and climatological tropical land low-level clouds into the CGCM results in a much improved simulation of the Walker circulation over the Pacific Ocean. The improvement to the tropical circulation was also notable over the Indian and Atlantic basins as well. These improvements in circulation led to a considerable increase in ENSO hindcast skill in the first year by the CGCM. These enhancements were a function of both the presence of MSc clouds over the tropical oceans and were also due to the more realistic positioning of the regions of maximum convection in the Tropics. This latter model feature was essentially a response to the change in radiative forcing over tropical landmasses associated with a reduction in low cloud fraction and optical depth when ISCCP low-level clouds were prescribed there. These results not only underscore the importance of a reasonable representation of MSc clouds but also point out the considerable impact that radiative forcing over the tropical landmasses has on the simulated position of the Walker circulation and also on ENSO forecasting.
Why Moral Error Theorists Should Become Revisionary Moral Expressivists

Moral error theorists hold that morality is deeply mistaken, thus raising the question of whether and how moral judgments and utterances should continue to be employed. Proposals include simply abolishing morality (Richard Garner), adopting some revisionary fictionalist stance toward morality (Richard Joyce), and conserving moral judgments and utterances unchanged (Jonas Olson). I defend a fourth proposal, namely revisionary moral expressivism, which recommends replacing cognitivist moral judgments and utterances with non-cognitivist ones. Given that non-cognitivist attitudes are not truth apt, revisionary expressivism does not involve moral error. Moreover, revisionary expressivism has the theoretical resources to retain many of the useful features of morality, such as moral motivation, moral disagreement, and moral reasoning. Revisionary expressivism fares better than the three major alternatives in both avoiding moral error and preserving these useful features of morality. I also show how this position differs from the “revolutionary expressivism” of Sebastian Kohler and Michael Ridge.
Renewable energy-aware video download in cellular networks

The use of renewable energy (RE) sources is a promising solution to reduce grid power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) of cellular networks. However, the benefit of utilizing RE is limited by its highly intermittent and unreliable nature leading to mismatch between generation and base station (BS) needs, resulting in low savings in grid power. To address the above challenges, we propose a novel base station time resource allocation technique using data storage at user equipments (UEs) to optimally utilize renewable energy to reduce grid power consumption. The proposed approach transforms the surplus RE (in excess of the BS power requirements) to excess data delivered to the users and stored in UE data storages, to draw from in deficit periods (when RE generation is lesser than BS requirements) to reduce grid power. Though the proposed approach is applicable to any application that utilizes UE data buffer, we formulate the problem for mobile video and propose a algorithm for RE aware BS resource allocation during mobile video download, as the latter will dominate wireless traffic and hence BS power consumption. Our experimental results using sample solar and BS utilization traces demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to reduce grid power consumption by increasing solar power utilization while satisfying user QoS requirements.
Major Causes of Injury Death and the Life Expectancy Gap Between the United States and Other High-Income Countries

The United States experiences lower life expectancy at birth than many other high-income countries. Although research has focused on mortality of the population older than 50 years, much of this life expectancy gap reflects mortality at younger ages,1 when mortality is dominated by injury deaths, and many decades of expected life are lost. This study estimated the contribution of 3 causes of injury death to the gap in life expectancy at birth between the United States and 12 comparable countries in 2012. We focused on motor vehicle traffic (MVT) crashes, firearm-related injuries, and drug poisonings, the 3 largest causes of US injury death responsible for more than 100000 deaths per year.2
Measuring Institutions: Independence, Authority, and Accountability, with an Application to Legislative Process

Veto player theory has profoundly influenced political science, contributing both to theoretical clarity and to a minor revolution in defining and measuring political systems. The simplicity that makes the approach conceptually powerful is problematic for modeling and empirical analysis, however. For instance, it might not be appropriate to expect institutional or partisan veto players to face the same incentives about whether or when to wield their veto authority; moreover, some institutionally defined players often possess important powers distinct from legislative structure and process to punish (or reward) veto players. The effect, we argue, is to situate the decision whether to exercise a veto in a framework similar to principal-agent models. Veto players' payoffs thus extend beyond the policy at hand, depending on where they are in the broader institutional structure. Consequently, we believe that most empirical studies of veto points or checks are built on misleading measures that are too limited for the goals they set. We thus propose a novel approach to operationalizing the concept of checks, building on the idea that vetoes should be considered in their institutional context, where other constitutional features can strengthen or undermine a veto player's willingness to act. We use IAEP data (Regan, Frank and Clark 2009) to generate a cross-national time-series index of institutional checks, which we then use to replicate several prominent studies in order to highlight issues of validity and reliability and to illustrate the importance of taking seriously institutional authorities beyond those that affect 'how a bill becomes a law.' We also stress that our measure is purely institutional, distinguishing partisan and other preference-based concerns from institutional authority, but discuss ways to incorporate 'player preferences in recognition that outcomes result from the combination of institutions and preferences' using existing data.
Relation of ammonia excretion adaptation to glutaminase activity in acidotic, subtotalnephrectomized rats

Relation of ammonia excretion adaptation to glutaminase activity in acidotic, subtotalnephrectomized rats. The response of renal ammonia excretion to acidosis was examined in adult rats with reduced renal mass (SNX). Three days after surgical ablation of 70% of renal mass, the activity of renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) in SNX rats was 7.7 ± 1.5 µmoles of ammonia/100 mg of protein · min or approximately 50% of the activity in normal rats (14.5 ± 2.6 µmoles of ammonia/100 mg of protein · min), but enhanced ammonia excretion per unit weight was observed in SNX rats (7.2 ± 0.7 in control vs. 14.6 ± 3.2 µmoles/g of kidney · hr in SNX rats). The cause(s) of the reduction in the specific activity of PDG (as well as the increase in ammonia excretion) is unknown. The PDG decrease was not due to apparent tissue damage and appeared to be a specific change, as the activity of renal succinate dehydrogenase, another mitochondrial inner-membrane enzyme, did not decrease (from the control level) in SNX rats. Ammonia excretion showed no significant response to an acute acid load (ammonium chloride, 5 mmoles/kg of body wt) in SNX rats. Ammonia excretion, however, did adapt to repeated acid-loading (10 mmoles of ammonium chloride per kg of body wt per day for 3 days); ammonia excretion increased more than twofold by the third day of treatment. This adaptive response was associated with a two-fold rise in renal PDG. Administration of actinomycin D, at a dose which produced no gross toxic signs (100 µg/kg/day i.p.), inhibited virtually all the increases in both ammonia excretion and PDG activity. The correlation of ammonia excretion and PDG adaptations in acidotic SNX rats was similar to that previously observed in infant rats.
Design of an Improved Green Taxiing System Focused around the Landing Gear

New priorities in aircraft design are mapped out into an integrated holistic solution: an improved Green Taxiing system focused around the landing gear. The latter is streamlined through the use of fairings which also serve as landing gear doors. During the final approach phase, electric motors are used to rotate the wheels to the appropriate speed so as to reduce stress during touchdown. Energy, normally dissipated in heat, is collected in supercapacitors and used to power the aircraft subsystems for Green Taxiing. Titanium Matrix Composite is used to compensate additional weight. Super-capacitors power the aircraft during start and accelerations with engines turned off. For steady speed phase, the APU is used. An average 10 dB noise reduction is expected as well as a 4% decrease in operating costs and a 6% decrease in fuel consumption for a typical A320 mission.
Breeding of Three-line Hybrid Rice Chuanxiangyou 785

To breed new hybrid rice combinations and apply in Guizhou rice production,Chuanxiangyou569,a new three-line hybrid rice combination was developed from the cross between male sterile line Chuanxiang 29 Aand restoring line G569 bred by the way of cross and multiple-cross with good characters.The average yield of Chuanxiangyou 569 was 9.22t/hm2,7.29% higher than that of CK in multiple-location regional experiment during 2010—2011;and the average yield was 8.38t/hm2,6.70%higher than that of CK productive experiment in Guizhou province in 2012.Rice resistance to rice blast,rice physico-chemcal indexes and tastes of Chuanxiangyou 569 were better than CK,and Chuanxiangyou569 was registered as a commercial variety in Guizhou province in June 2014.The new combination is suitable for the region of single cropping of rice in Guizhou.
Epidemiological Analysis of 52 Rabies Cases in Chengdu in 2007

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characters of 52 rabies cases in Chengdu city in 2007.Methods Epidemiological data of 52 rabies cases in Chengdu in 2007 were collected and analyzed to explore epidemiologic characters of rabies cases in Chengdu.Results Cases distributed separately in 16 districts or counties.The incubation periods were ranged from 4 to 390 days and the median was 52.5 days.Most cases were exposed in summer.Most cases were from rural areas.Conclusions the prevention and control of rabies must be conducted by multi-department organization.Rules of dog management are needed to be completed and conducted as soon as possible.Before and after exposure,people should accept clinical treatments and rabies antiserum or bacterin provided by normal health institutes in time.
Cell-Based Assay Design for High-Content Screening of Drug Candidates

To reduce attrition in drug development, it is crucial to consider the development and implementation of translational phenotypic assays as well as decipher diverse molecular mechanisms of action for new molecular entities. High-throughput fluorescence and confocal microscopes with advanced analysis software have simplified the simultaneous identification and quantification of various cellular processes through what is now referred to as highcontent screening (HCS). HCS permits automated identification of modifiers of accessible and biologically relevant targets and can thus be used to detect gene interactions or identify toxic pathways of drug candidates to improve drug discovery and development processes. In this review, we summarize several HCS-compatible, biochemical, and molecular biology-driven assays, including immunohistochemistry, RNAi, reporter gene assay, CRISPR-Cas9 system, and protein-protein interactions to assess a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, morphological changes, protein expression, localization, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. These cell-based assay methods can be applied to not only 2D cell culture but also 3D cell culture systems in a high-throughput manner.
The Evolution of Genetics: Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Genetic discoveries underlie the majority of the current thinking in neurodegenerative disease. This work has been driven by the significant gains made in identifying causal mutations; however, the translation of genetic causes of disease into pathobiological understanding remains a challenge. The application of a second generation of genetics methods allows the dissection of moderate and mild genetic risk factors for disease. This requires new thinking in two key areas: what constitutes proof of pathogenicity, and how do we translate these findings to biological understanding. Here we describe the progress and ongoing evolution in genetics. We describe a view that rejects the tradition that genetic proof has to be absolute before functional characterization and centers on a multi-dimensional approach integrating genetics, reference data, and functional work. We also argue that these challenges cannot be efficiently met by traditional hypothesis-driven methods but that high content system-wide efforts are required.
Wireless Sensor and Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks: Vehicular and Space Applications

Wireless sensor Networks: Vehicle and Space Applications describes the practical perspectives in using wireless sensor networks (WSN) to develop real world applications that can be used for space exploration. These applications include sensor interfaces, remote wireless vehicles, space crew health monitoring and instrumentation. The material discusses how applications of WSN originally developed for space travel and exploration are being applied and used in multiple real world applications, allowing for the development of smart systems that have characteristics such as self healing, self diagnosis, and emergency healthcare notification.
Serum disposition of exogenous progesterone after intramuscular administration in bitches

Progesterone was administered IM to 6 adult anestrous bitches at a dosage of 2 mg/kg of body weight. Serum progesterone concentrations were measured prior to progesterone administration and for 72 hours thereafter. The serum progesterone concentration time data were analyzed by use of a pharmacokinetics modeling computer program. The mean (+/- SD) peak serum progesterone concentration (34.3 +/- 7.8 ng/ml) was reached at 1.8 +/- 0.2 hours after progesterone administration. The mean serum progesterone concentration was 6.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml at 24 hours and 2.0 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at 48 hours after progesterone administration. By 72 hours after administration, mean serum progesterone concentration was 0.9 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, which was comparable to serum progesterone concentrations prior to injection. The mean half-life of the absorption phase was 0.5 hours (range, 0.3 to 0.7 hours). The mean half-life of elimination was 12.1 hours (range, 9.5 to 13.8 hours). By analysis of the data, it was established that a dosage of 3 mg/kg, when the hormone was given IM to dogs once a day, would maintain serum progesterone concentration greater than 10 ng/ml.
Mobile forensics and security project: poster session

Mobile phones have become an ever-present part of our society bringing to the forefront increasing concerns related to security. Mobile devices are being used to commit crimes and are becoming a target to gain user information for harmful intentions. Mobile security remains a top concern to businesses. The project advances both knowledge and education in the field of mobile cybersecurity and cyber forensics by creating an online Mobile Forensics and Security (MFS) certificate program and developing and implementing a train-the-trainer program for Computer Information Systems faculty. This will increase Robert Morris University's capacity to train MFS specialists and the capacity of other institutions to offer programs in this area once their faculty has been trained.
Resolving the Complex Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Variation and Variability of Cellular Growth.

In all organisms, the majority of traits vary continuously between individuals. Explaining the genetic basis of quantitative trait variation requires comprehensively accounting for genetic and nongenetic factors as well as their interactions. The growth of microbial cells can be characterized by a lag duration, an exponential growth phase, and a stationary phase. Parameters that characterize these growth phases can vary among genotypes (phenotypic variation), environmental conditions (phenotypic plasticity), and among isogenic cells in a given environment (phenotypic variability). We used a high-throughput microscopy assay to map genetic loci determining variation in lag duration and exponential growth rate in growth rate-limiting and nonlimiting glucose concentrations, using segregants from a cross of two natural isolates of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that some quantitative trait loci (QTL) are common between traits and environments whereas some are unique, exhibiting gene-by-environment interactions. Furthermore, whereas variation in the central tendency of growth rate or lag duration is explained by many additive loci, differences in phenotypic variability are primarily the result of genetic interactions. We used bulk segregant mapping to increase QTL resolution by performing whole-genome sequencing of complex mixtures of an advanced intercross mapping population grown in selective conditions using glucose-limited chemostats. We find that sequence variation in the high-affinity glucose transporter HXT7 contributes to variation in growth rate and lag duration. Allele replacements of the entire locus, as well as of a single polymorphic amino acid, reveal that the effect of variation in HXT7 depends on genetic, and allelic, background. Amplifications of HXT7 are frequently selected in experimental evolution in glucose-limited environments, but we find that HXT7 amplifications result in antagonistic pleiotropy that is absent in naturally occurring variants of HXT7. Our study highlights the complex nature of the genotype-to-phenotype map within and between environments.
Seasonal Fluctuations in the Price of Cotton

Changes in the price of cotton from month to month through the season are of interest to a number of people. Farmers would like to know in the fall which way the price will move so they could decide better whether to sell their crop at picking time, or (if their creditors would let them) to hold it till some later date and secure a higher price. Cotton dealers, buyers, and speculators have an obvious interest in price variations. Now that farmers' cotton marketing associations are doing a large business, the question arises whether they should sell in equal monthly allotments in an attempt to stabilize the market (which they yet can affect but little) or should endeavor to predict seasonal changes and sell a larger proportion of the crop during the month of highest price. Finally, agricultural economists would like to be able to predict price fluctuations, both from a scientific interest in price behavior and from a desire to present data to farmers and their organizations that will aid them in conducting their business on a more sound and profitable basis. While there no doubt are a large number of factors that influence changes in the price of cotton after picking time and that need to be studied as guides if accurate predictions are to be made, it was thought that the price of cotton itself at picking time might be a guide of considerable importance. This theory was based on the human tendency to believe that what is now will continue to be, that the future may be judged by the present. If the majority of people selling or buying cotton act on this belief, as it is suggested they do, then if the price at picking time was high (compared with the average for that period), it would be expected to remain high and the following events would occur: (1) producers would be rather inclined to hold their crop for a still higher price whereas buyers would be more eager to purchase before a further price rise should occur, thus tending to make a "sellers' market" which in itself would tend for a time to increase the price still further and above what conditions really justified, (2) a high price level since picking time would influence farmers to plant a larger acreage the following spring with the expectation that the new crop would sell as well, (3) as the large acreage developed during the growing season it would depress the market until at picking time there would be a large crop coming on the market at a low price. Applying the theory to such low price years, the opposite condition from that just used for illustration, would simply mean reversing events and consequences all through the season-more rapid selling by farmers, price depressed
Abstract 1236: Novel androgen receptor inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, has the worst prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes, due to inherent chemo-resistance and a lack of therapeutic targets. A subset of TNBC has been shown to express androgen receptor (AR) but despite promising pre-clinical data, clinical trials evaluating the use of approved anti-androgens (bicalutamide, enzalutamide) in AR-positive TNBC has shown modest efficacy to date. In prostate cancer, bicalutamide binds to AR with low affinity and in the presence of AR gene amplification or mutation, can exhibit partial agonist activity leading to resistance. In order to increase affinity for AR and to avoid AR antagonist to agonist conversion synthesized 7-substituted umbelliferones (UMB) derivatives with a distinct scaffold modified from available AR antagonists (Kandil et al Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2016). These agents exhibited inhibitory activity in human prostate cancer cells lines at sub-micro molar level, a 50-fold and 30-fold improvement over bicalutamide and enzalutamide, respectively. We hypothesized that these novel AR antagonists would be effective in inhibiting the growth of AR-positive TNBC cells. Methods: TNBC AR negative mesenchymal MDA-MB-231 (as control) and AR positive MDA-MB-231 cells were utilized for determination of the efficacy of the UMB derivatives. For proliferation assays, viability of the cells was monitored over a period of 72 hours with redox dye Cell Titer-Blue. Standard Western blotting techniques were used for protein detection. For apoptosis analysis, standard flow cytometry reagents, FITC labelled Annexin V and Propidium Iodine(PI) mix were utilized. Results: UMB derivatives decreased the expression of AR in AR-positive MDA-MB-453 in a dose dependent manner. UMB derivatives, at micro Molar concentration decreased cell proliferation of AR-positive and interestingly AR-negative cell lines by 20 to 50%, also in a dose dependent manner. UMB derivatives induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Interestingly, UMB derivatives induced a change from a mesenchymal to epithelial phenotype in AR-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, which was confirmed by decreased expression of vimentin and other mesenchymal markers. Conclusions: Novel UMB derivatives inhibit growth and cause apoptosis in TNBC cells and induce mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in an AR-negative mesenchymal TNBC cell line. Targeting AR with novel AR antagonists seem to be a promising therapeutic approach for AR-positive TNBC and further evaluation of AR antagonists in AR-negative mesenchymal TNBC is warranted. Citation Format: Saswati Bhattacharya, Yuanqi Cai, Steven Kurina, Pamela Westmark, Benjamin Hokanson, Matthew Anderson, Ruth O’Regan. Novel androgen receptor inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1236
Kagan's Atlantic Crossing: Adversarial Legalism, Eurolegalism, And Cooperative Legalism

In this contribution to Varieties of Legal Order, a book inspired by Robert Kagan’s scholarship, we review the debate on the spread of American “adversarial legalism” to Europe. In the 1990s, Kagan developed the concept of adversarial legalism to capture the distinctive litigiousness of the American regulatory system, and asked whether it might take hold in Europe. In our research that followed, we put forward different answers. R. Daniel Kelemen concluded that a legal style akin to adversarial legalism—one which he eventually termed Eurolegalism—was in fact spreading across the European Union. Drawing on her case study of the data privacy field, Francesca Bignami argued that EU regulation was not evolving into adversarial legalism, but rather had come to rely more on agency enforcement and private-sector cooperation, a style she called “cooperative legalism.” The chapter links the discussion of our own work with other important contributions to the debate on European regulation. It concludes by underscoring the enduring importance of understanding the European regulatory style and by highlighting the issues on which future research will be crucial.