cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial of rifampin to reduce pedal amputations for osteomyelitis in veterans with diabetes (VA INTREPID)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to inexorably rise in the United States and throughout the world. Lower limb amputations are a devastating comorbid complication of diabetes mellitus. Osteomyelitis increases the risk of amputation fourfold and commonly presages death. Antimicrobial therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) varies greatly, indicating that high quality data are needed to inform clinical decision making. Several small trials have indicated that the addition of rifampin to backbone antimicrobial regimens for osteomyelitis outside the setting of the diabetic foot results in 28 to 42% higher cure rates. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind investigation of the addition of 6 weeks of rifampin, 600 mg daily, vs. matched placebo (riboflavin) to standard-of-care, backbone antimicrobial therapy for DFO. The study population are patients enrolled in Veteran Health Administration (VHA), ages ≥18 and ≤ 89 years with diabetes mellitus and definite or probable osteomyelitis of the foot for whom an extended course of oral or intravenous antibiotics is planned. The primary endpoint is amputation-free survival. The primary hypothesis is that using rifampin as adjunctive therapy will lower the hazard rate compared with the group that does not use rifampin as adjunctive therapy. The primary hypothesis will be tested by means of a two-sided log-rank test with a 5% significance level. The test has 90% power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.67 or lower with a total of 880 study participants followed on average for 1.8 years. VA INTREPID will test if a rifampin-adjunctive antibiotic regimen increases amputation-free survival in patients seeking care in the VHA with DFO. A positive finding and its adoption by clinicians would reduce lower extremity amputations and their associated physical and emotional impact and reduce mortality for Veterans and for the general population with diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Given that rifampin-adjunctive regimens are currently employed for therapy for the majority of DFO cases in Europe, and only in a small minority of cases in the United States, the trial results will impact therapeutic decisions, even if the null hypothesis is not rejected. Registered January 6, 2017 at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03012529.
Transient Aphasia Following Resection of a Thalamic Cavernous Malformation.

Background The thalamus has a demonstrated role in language, particularly through its connectivity to frontal language cortices. Case Description A 59-year-old man with transient mixed aphasia following resection of a left-sided thalamic cavernous malformation is reported. No operative complications were encountered, and there was no surgical contact with cortical language areas. The patient recovered full language function within a week postoperatively. Conclusions The role of thalamic nuclei in language processes and other reports of transient thalamic aphasia are reviewed.
Participation of Undergraduate Students in a Controlled Feeding Study with Metabolomics Analysis to Enhance Learning of Metabolism

Metabolomics, the large-scale study of metabolites in biological fluids and tissues, offers the ability to observe metabolic changes in a broad context. Traditionally, nutritional metabolism educat...
Fluctuation analysis of activity biosensor images for the study of information flow in signaling pathways.

Abstract Comprehensive understanding of cellular signal transduction requires accurate measurement of the information flow in molecular pathways. In the past, information flow has been inferred primarily from genetic or protein–protein interactions. Although useful for overall signaling, these approaches are limited in that they typically average over populations of cells. Single-cell data of signaling states are emerging, but these data are usually snapshots of a particular time point or limited to averaging over a whole cell. However, many signaling pathways are activated only transiently in specific subcellular regions. Protein activity biosensors allow measurement of the spatiotemporal activation of signaling molecules in living cells. These data contain highly complex, dynamic information that can be parsed out in time and space and compared with other signaling events as well as changes in cell structure and morphology. We describe in this chapter the use of computational tools to correct, extract, and process information from time-lapse images of biosensors. These computational tools allow one to explore the biosensor signals in a multiplexed approach in order to reconstruct the sequence of signaling events and consequently the topology of the underlying pathway. The extraction of this information, dynamics and topology, provides insight into how the inputs of a signaling network are translated into its biochemical or mechanical outputs.
A RARE PRESENTATION OF CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PREGNANCY

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a diagnosis of exclusion. A detailed past medical history and thorough workup may reveal alternative etiologies of heart failure that have potential for reversal of cardiac dysfunction. A 33 year-old female presented four months post-partum for heart transplant
Assessment of Common Comorbidity Phenotypes Among Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis to Inform Integrated Care Models.

Abstract Objective To establish the frequency of concordant, discordant, and clinically dominant comorbidities among Medicare beneficiaries with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to identify common concordant condition subgroups. Participants and Methods We used a 5% representative sample of Medicare claims data to identify beneficiaries who received a diagnosis of KOA between January 1, 2012, and September 30, 2015, and matched control group without an osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis. Frequency of 34 comorbid conditions was categorized as concordant, discordant, or clinically dominant among those with KOA and a matched sample without OA. Comorbid condition phenotypes were characterized by concordant conditions and derived using latent class analysis among those with KOA. Results The study sample included 203,361 beneficiaries with KOA and 203,361 non-OA controls. The largest difference in frequency between the two cohorts was for co-occurring musculoskeletal conditions (23.7% absolute difference), chronic pain syndromes (6.5%), and rheumatic diseases (4.5%), all with a higher frequency among those with knee OA. Phenotypes were identified as low comorbidity (53% of cohort with classification), hypothyroid/osteoporosis (27%), vascular disease (10%), and high medical and psychological comorbidity (10%). Conclusions Approximately 47% of Medicare beneficiaries with KOA in this sample had a phenotype characterized by one or more concordant conditions, suggesting that existing clinical pathways that rely on single or dominant providers might be insufficient for a large proportion of older adults with KOA. These findings could guide development of integrated KOA-comorbidity care pathways that are responsive to emerging priorities for personalized, value-based health care.
Exposing the Null Curriculum in Graduate Religious Studies Education

For librarians working in research, reference, and instruction, information literacy (IL) is foundational to their work. Since the advent of the Association of College and Research Libraries' Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, IL has been substantially reimagined both theoretically and in professional practice. While much attention and scholarship has focused on broad-based, undergraduate education, there has been less work on information literacy for specific disciplines, such as theological and religious studies, or in library settings with unique curricular and professional needs.Information Literacy and Theological Librarianship: Theory & Praxis gathers together reflective practices and theoretical explorations from librarians across a range of theological libraries, including research universities with divinity schools, seminaries, religious universities, and small liberal arts colleges. This volume engages key concepts and concerns in information literacy pedagogy for theological libraries, and furnishes applied examples drawn from instructional experience. Placing the Framework in conversation with the study of religion and theological education, Information Literacy and Theological Librarianship provides theological and religious studies librarians working in different academic environments with concrete and practical ways to extend their own work on information literacy that is grounded in pedagogy and applicable to the unique features of theological librarianship.
Preparing exact eigenstates of the open XXZ chain on a quantum computer

The open spin-1/2 XXZ spin chain with diagonal boundary magnetic fields is the paradigmatic example of a quantum integrable model with open boundary conditions. We formulate a quantum algorithm for preparing Bethe states of this model, corresponding to real solutions of the Bethe equations. The algorithm is probabilistic, with a success probability that decreases with the number of down spins. For a Bethe state of $L$ spins with $M$ down spins, which contains a total of $\binom{L}{M}\, 2^{M}\, M!$ terms, the algorithm requires $L+M^2+2M$ qubits.
Using the Automated Botanical Contact Device (ABCD) to Deliver Reproducible, Intermittent Touch Stimulation to Plants

Despite mechanical stimulation having profound effects on plant growth and development and modulating responses to many other stimuli, including to gravity, much of the molecular machinery triggering plant mechanical responses remains unknown. This gap in our knowledge arises in part from difficulties in applying reproducible, long-term touch stimulation to plants. We describe the design and implementation of the Automated Botanical Contact Device (ABCD) that applies intermittent, controlled, and highly reproducible mechanical stimulation by drawing a plastic sheet across experimental plants. The device uses a computer numerical control platform and continuously monitors plant growth and development using automated computer vision and image analysis. The system is designed around an open-source architecture to help promote the generation of comparable datasets between laboratories. The ABCD also offers a scalable system that could be deployed in the controlled environment setting, such as a greenhouse, to manipulate plant growth and development through controlled, repetitive mechanostimulation.
Hot Spot Cooling and Harvesting Central Processing Unit Waste Heat Using Thermoelectric Modules

The increasing integration of high performance processors and dense circuits in currentcomputing devices has produced high heat ﬂux in localized areas (hot spots), which limitstheir performance and reliability. To control the hot spots on a central processing unit(CPU), many researchers have focused on active cooling methods such as thermoelectriccoolers (TECs) to avoid thermal emergencies. Thispaper presents optimized thermoelectricmodules on top of the CPU combined with a conventional air-cooling device to reduce thecore temperature and at the same time harvest waste heat energy generated by the CPU.To control the temperature of the cores, we attach small-sized TECs to the CPU and usethermoelectric generators (TEGs) placed on the rest of the CPU to convert waste heatenergy into electricity. This study investigates design alternatives with an analytical modelconsidering the nonuniform temperature distribution based on two-node thermal networks.The results indicate that we are able to attain more energy from the TEGs than energy con-sumption for running the TECs. In other words, we can allow the harvested heat energy tobe reused to power other components and reduce cores temperature simultaneously. Over-all, the idea of simultaneous core cooling and waste heat harvesting using thermoelectricmodules on a CPU is a promising method to control the problem of heat generation and toreduce energy consumption in a computing device. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030686]
A Response Time Theory of Perceptual Independence

A response time theory of perceptual independence is developed by incorporating an assumption, called the RT-distance hypothesis, into the framework of general recognition theory (Ashby & Townsend, 1986). The RT-distance hypothesis states that response time is inversely related to the distance from the perceptual representation of a stimulus to the nearest decision bound. Two new experimental paradigms are proposed and response time tests of perceptual independence that utilize these paradigms are developed. An empirical application validates one of these tests. Methods for examining aspects of the underlying perceptual distributions are also discussed.
Evaluation of Miniature Test for Bacteriuria Using Dehydrated Media and Nitrite Pads

A new dip-inoculum method for detecting bacteriuria which utilizes dehydrated media pads and a nitrite pad attached to a small plastic strip was evaluated in hospitalized patients. Discrepant interpretations were made by independent observers in 9.3% of the specimens with > 10(5) colonies per ml. The media pads failed to support growth of yeast and gave variable results with Staphylococcus epidermidis and non-group D streptococci. False-negative culture results commonly occurred if the patients were receiving antibiotics. The nitrite test occasionally remained positive for brief periods after the elimination of bacteriuria by antibiotics. Conditions and drugs (especially phenazopyridine) which discolor urine interfered with reading both the culture and nitrite tests. Although not suitable for hospital use, or for monitoring therapy, the test strip is probably as reliable as the calibrated loop-streak plate culture for office screening.
A Model of Integrated Operator-System Separation Assurance and Collision Avoidance

A model for the separation assurance and collision avoidance in air traffic has been developed. The objective of the model is to provide qualitative and quantitative predictions of system behavior with respect to separation assurance and collision avoidance. No such model exists, complicating efforts to understand the impact of adding automation to the current system. The model integrates two concepts. First, the system models at the scope of the human-integrated system, instead of the level of the operator. This follows from the work of Duane McRuer, who found that only at the system level was the human as a control system modelable. Secondly, the system considers the separation assurance and collision avoidance problem as a control problem, where agent (automated and human) actions work to control the system from entering undesirable states. This broadly follows the methodology of system safety. Under this methodology, safety is determined by the ability of the agents in the system to impart control to prevent the system from reaching an unsafe state. The model defines system states, the events and conditions that cause transitions between states, and the control that agents in the system can impart to control those transitions.
Cup Cells: Structure and Distribution of a Unique Class of Epithelial Cells in Guinea Pig, Rabbit, and Monkey Small Intestine

Abstract The lining of mammalian small intestine is heterogeneous containing seven known structurally distinct subpopulations of epithelial cells. This report describes both the light microscopic, electron microscopic, and freeze fracture appearance and the regional and interspecies distribution of a previously unrecognized small intestinal villus epithelial cell. These cells can be distinguished from absorptive cells in 1-μm sections by their lighter cytoplasmic staining density and shorter brush border which has a cuplike apical indentation. Hence, these cells are termed cup cells. Cup cells were absent or rare in the jejunum but were readily found in the ileum of all species studied except rats. While most abundant in rabbit and guinea pig ileum, cup cells invariably constituted
Thresholding, Hamming distance, unipolar/bipolar binaries, and retrieval in neural network based memories

The use of a bipolar retrieval key has the effect of doubling the length of the probe vector and making the number of +1's equal to the number of -1's in the stored vectors, even if the original stored vectors have an unequal number of +1's and -1's. The threshold conditions suggested by Hopfield and many others are examined, and certain proposed modifications to these functions are shown to be contradictory and nonunique. The concept of Hamming distance is discussed in the context of neural network computing, and a new measure of distance dependent on the contributory bits of +1's or -1's present in a pair of vectors of equal length defined over the field of real numbers is described. >
Repeated acquisition in the analysis of rule-governed behavior.

Abstract Five children, ranging in age from 3½ years to 5½ years, were taught various four-response chains using conditioned reinforcement. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of presenting “instruction” stimuli—a sequence of lights over the correct response buttons—to assess their role in facilitating the acquisition of a chain of responses. Without the “instruction” stimuli, children made many errors before responses were brought under the control of the programmed contingencies. When confronted with the same contingencies later in the day, these subjects made fewer errors. In contrast, in the presence of the “instruction” stimuli, subjects made virtually no errors. However, when the “instruction” stimuli were discontinued in the subsequent session, all 5 subjects made errors. In Experiment 2, the subjects were taught to verbalize the contingencies during the phase without the “instruction” stimuli. This resulted in errorless performance during the subsequent exposure to the same procedure, but errors nevertheless occurred again during reexposure to the procedure with the “instruction” stimuli discontinued.
The F+ Center in Lithium Tantalate

A study of the electronic states associated with an oxygen vacancy in lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) is reported. The F+ center (one oxygen ion vacancy with one trapped electron) is treated by the similar model used in the study of the isomorphous crystal, LiNbO3, by the author. Treating the crystal as an array of point charges the potential of the lattice of 810 ions is computed. The convergence of the lattice sums is demonstrated. The potentials resulting from polarization of the medium are also taken into account. Using a variational method the Schrodinger equation is solved in a self-consistent manner. The calculations show that one of the absorption bands (450 nm) observed may be ascribed to the presence of the F+ center. Es werden die mit einer Sauerstoffleerstelle in Lithiumtantalat (LiTaO3) verknupften elektronischen Zustunde untersucht. Das F+-Zentrum (eine Sauerstoffionenvakanz mit einem eingefangenen Elektron) wird mit einem ahnlichen Modell wie es bei der Untersuchung des isomorphen Kristalls vom Autor benutzt wurde, behandelt. Unter Beschreibung des Kristalls als Anordnung von Punktladungen wird das Potential des Gitters von 810 lonen berechnet. Die Konvergenz der Gittersummen wird gezeigt. Die aus der Polarisation des Mediums resultierenden Potentiale werden ebenfalls berucksichtigt. Mit einer Variationsmethode wird die Schrodingergleichung selbstkonsistent gelost. Die Rechnungen zeigen, das eine der beobachteten Absorptionsbanden (450 nm) dem F+-Zentrum zugeschrieben werden kann.
A 10.0Gb/s all-active LVDS receiver in 0.18µm CMOS technology

Results for a 10.0Gb/s all-active LVDS receiver, designed using active bandwidth improvement strategies, are presented. The generalized model generated for the active peak load shows that the transfer characteristic of the load is similar to that of inductive shunt peaking, and can achieve bandwidth improvements comparable to that of on-chip inductive shunt peaking without the associated area penalty. The measured 3dB bandwidth of the transceiver is 6.0GHz, and the input sensitivity (BER < 10-13) at 10.0Gb/s and 11.0Gb/s are 80mVpp and 100mVpp respectively. The total transceiver power consumption, including the 50Ω source terminated output driver, is 60mW.
Genes expressed during early stages of rice infection with the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea

summary A system-wide approach was adopted to further elucidate mechanisms regulating disease outcome between rice and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. First, a cDNA library was constructed from M. grisea infected rice at 48 h post-inoculation. The 5′ end-sequencing of 619 randomly selected clones revealed 359 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that had not previously been described. A total of 124 from 260 ESTs with high and moderate similarity scores, based on BlastX, were organized into categories according to their putative function. The largest category of sequences (21%) contained stress or defence response genes. Eleven per cent of identified ESTs were redundant. In a second approach, differential hybridization analysis of the cDNA library using high-density filters resulted in the identification of novel genes and previously characterized M. grisea genes, including several that had previously been implicated in the infection process. A survey of up-regulated cDNA clones revealed clone 29003, which corresponded to the rice peroxidase POX22.3. This gene is known to be expressed in rice upon infection with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen. Importantly, this approach demonstrates the utility of gene discovery, through ESTs, for revealing novel genes in addition to those previously characterized as being potentially implicated in host–pathogen interactions.
A new intrinsic fluorescent probe for proteins Biosynthetic incorporation of 5-hydroxytryptophan into oncomodulin

Abstract The tryptophan analog, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HW), has a significant absorbance between 310–320 nm, which allows it to act as an exclusive fluorescence probe in protein mixtures containing a large number of tryptophan residues. Here for the first time a method is reported for the biosynthetic incorporation of 5HW into an expressed protein, the Y57W mutant of the Ca2+ binding protein, oncomodulin. Fluorescence anisotropy and time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the interaction between anti-oncomodulin antibodies and the 5HW-incorporated oncomodulin conveniently provide evidence of complex formation and epitope identification that could not be obtained with the natural amino acid. This report demonstrates the significant potential for the use or 5HW as an intrinsic probe in the study of structure and dynamics of protein—protein interactions.
Selective inhibition of herpes simplex virus type-1 uracil-DNA glycosylase by designed substrate analogs.

Cytosine deamination and the misincorporation of 2′-dUrd into DNA during replication result in the presence of uracil in DNA. Uracil-DNA glycosylases (UDGs) initiate the excision repair of this aberrant base by catalyzing the hydrolysis of theN-glycosidic bond. UDGs are expressed by nearly all known organisms, including some viruses, in which the functional role of the UDG protein remains unresolved. This issue could in principle be addressed by the availability of designed synthetic inhibitors that target the viral UDG without affecting the endogenous human UDG. Here, we report that double-stranded and single-stranded oligonucleotides incorporating either of two dUrd analogs tightly bind and inhibit the activity of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) UDG. Both inhibitors are exquisitely specific for the HSV-1 UDG over the human UDG. These inhibitors should prove useful in structural studies aimed at understanding substrate recognition and catalysis by UDGs, as well as in elucidating the biologic role of UDGs in the life cycle of herpesviruses.
Proximity electron tunneling spectroscopy

Abstract The theory and experimental techniques of proximity electron tunneling spectroscopy are reviewed, with emphasis on determination of effective phonon spectra α2 F(ω) of strong and weak coupling superconductors. Experimental results to date are summarized.
Measures of positive adult behavior and their relationship to crime and substance use

Drawing on diverse approaches to the study of youth development and adult functioning, as well as social capital and citizenship, this investigation identifies measures of positive adult behavior. Although prevention researchers study protective factors, as well as risk factors, for problem behaviors and other negative outcomes, less attention is given to positive behavior outcomes and there is little understanding of the relationships between positive and negative outcomes. Analyses included 765 participants from the Seattle Social Development Project interviewed at age 21. Seven measures of positive adult behavior were identified: volunteerism, group involvement, neighborliness, interpersonal connection, constructive engagement, financial responsibility, and honesty. Measures related to distal social relationships (group involvement and neighborliness) had relatively weak associations with crime and substance use. In contrast, the measures of constructive engagement, financial responsibility, and honesty had significant negative associations with multiple measures of crime and substance use. Results indicate that the seven measures provide relatively independent variables useful for assessing positive adult behavior. These measures can be used to assess positive outcomes in adulthood of intervention studies, or to assess the prevalence of positive adult behavior in different populations or groups.
MATHEMATICS PRESENTATION AS A FUNCTION OF COGNITIVE/PERSONALITY VARIABLES

the individual teacher brings to the classroom in terms of cognitive/personality traits and their effect on classroom presentation. Prior to entering the classroom the prospective teacher has undergone years of experience, both within the classroom as a student and outside it. From this complex experience and the individual's personality emerges a predisposition toward a particular initial teaching style. This study was designed to determine if aspects of the cognitive/personality traits of prospective teachers related to their presentations in teaching. More specifically, the present study investigated the relationship of prospective elementary school teachers' conceptual level and field dependence-independence with their choice of rule-example order in teaching mathematics. Fey (1969), reporting the findings of the Minnesota National Laboratory study of the School Mathematics Study Group program, states that "the most significant predictor of teaching effectiveness was the productive thinking ability of teachers ... the most effective teachers produced more ... alternative ways of teaching course concepts" (p. 55). In Hunt's terminology (1971), these teachers functioned at a higher conceptual level than those teachers who were less effective. Although Hunt describes learning style in terms of conceptual level and defines it "in terms of how much structure a student needs to learn best" (1972, p. 24, Hunt's italics), a complementary description of teaching style may be defined in terms of how much structure a teacher requires in presenting concepts in the classroom in order to feel effective. In Hunt's model, a student who has a low conceptual level-that is, not capable of generating his or her own concepts-will learn best when
Testing the Predation Hypothesis for Vertebrate Sociality: Prospects and Pitfalls

Primates are in some ways excellent subjects for studying the impact of predation on prey. They are generally easy to watch and identify as individuals, so that long-term tracking of both death rates and anti-predator behaviors is possible, as amply shown by many of the studies in this volume. On the flip side, their low predation rates and large group sizes require very large total sample sizes for statistically powerful tests of the direct effects of sociality on predation rates. To study the indirect effects of predation On primate behavior requires defining the intrinsic predation risk they experience, that is the expected rate of predation they would suffer under standardized levels of anti-predator behavior (possibly none — see Hill & Dunbar, this volume). This abstract variable can be assessed qualitatively across different conditions by reference to modeling or common sense, or quantitatively by analyzing the hunting success of the predator independent of the prey's behavior (Cowlishaw, 1997). Great care must be taken in interpreting the behavioral responses of animals to different levels of predation risk when a given behavior can serve multiple functions, such as is the case with vigilance. Furthermore, most anti-predator behaviors carry fitness costs, not only from the lost opportunity to perform other fitness-enhancing activities, but even in terms of predation itself — apparently some primate species benefit from living in small groups which are very difficult for predators to detect instead of using a large-group early-warning defense as postulated in many theoretical models. Such costs will limit the extent to which primates are able to reduce their intrinsic predation risk (Fig. 1).
Castration decreases extracellular, but increases intracellular, dopamine in medial preoptic area of male rats

Abstract Dopamine (DA) is released in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of male rats in the presence of a female, and it facilitates male sexual behavior. Castration blocks the DA response to a female and the male's ability to copulate. The present experiments examined the effects of castration on (1) basal levels of extracellular DA in the MPOA, using the no net flux microdialysis technique, (2) the response of extracellular DA to amphetamine, and (3) tissue levels of DA. Castrated rats had lower basal levels of extracellular DA in the MPOA, compared with gonadally intact rats; in vivo recovery, a measure of uptake, was not different. This suggests that castration decreases DA release in basal conditions, as well as in response to a female. However, systemic amphetamine injections, which induce DA release, resulted in greater DA release in castrates. Finally, tissue levels of DA were higher in the MPOA, the caudate–putamen and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis of castrates. These data suggest that DA synthesis and storage in the MPOA are normal, or even enhanced, in castrates, and uptake is not altered. The deficit in extracellular levels appears to be related to release, perhaps due to decreased nitric oxide.
Performance of Kumaresan and Tufts Algorithm in Liner Impedance Eduction with Flow

Implementation of the Kumaresan and Tufts algorithm to liner impedance eduction in a duct with shear flow is described. The approach is based on a noncausal model of sound propagation coupled with singular value decomposition to identify the acoustic pressure modes. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing the educed impedance spectra to that educed by a benchmark method. Results are presented using both simulated and measured data over a range of test frequencies, three mean flow Mach numbers, and six test liner structures. When simulated data are used, the impedance spectra educed is in perfect agreement with the exact impedance spectra. When measured data are used, it is found that 1) the reduced rank approximation to the prediction matrix increases the accuracy of the educed impedance, 2) the algorithm performs well except at the antiresonant and resonant frequencies of the liner, and 3) at high enough Mach number, the effects of the gradients in the mean flow boundary layer need to ...
A study of the creep behavior of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel using continuum-damage modeling

Abstract A micromechanical model is developed for the evaluation of creep deformation and rupture times of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel specimens. Creep deformation in metals is generally induced by the dislocation generation, motion, and annihilation. To evaluate the creep behavior of the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel the Orowan’s equation was employed, which is valid for both glide and climb-controlled dislocation movement. The evolution of the dislocation density was modeled by considering the generation and annihilation of single and dipole dislocations. In addition to dislocation motion as a basis for creep deformation, there are several other factors which determine the creep resistance of this steel. Among these, the most significant are precipitate coarsening, solid solutions depletion, and void/crack nucleation and growth. The evolution of these mechanisms during creep deformation was accounted for by introducing specific continuum damage terms. Creep tests were also performed at several stress and temperature levels. The comparison of the numerical model results with the experimental data showed satisfactory agreement.
Anxiety disorder: Neurotic behavior in research subjects

Abstract Neurotic behaviors have an important impact on subjects compliance with research procedures, the types of problems they face, and the eventual outcome of the investigation. The behavior that anxiety patients demonstrate in response to illness is worthy of research investigation in and of itself. Physicians and researchers need to be familiar with neurotic behavior and to be skilled in managing it. They must also be sensitive to patients' needs and to be prepared to respond in a therapeutic fashion to prevent an excessive drop out rate from research study groups. Unless the research subject feels that his needs as a patient have been fulfilled during the project period, his cooperation and participation in future research will be unlikely.
The κB DNA Sequence from the HIV Long Terminal Repeat Functions as an Allosteric Regulator of HIV Transcription

NF-κB is an inducible transcription factor involved in the immune response, inflammation, and viral transcription. To address how the two NF-κB and three Sp1 binding sites of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) control multiple activator assembly and transcription, we first observed and compared unique conformations between the crystallographic structure of the NF-κB p50·p65 heterodimer bound to the uPA-κB target site to that of the p50·p65·HIV-κB complex. Next, cooperativity between two NF-κB molecules bound to tandem HIV-κB sequences was measured as well as that of NF-κB and transcription factor Sp1 when bound to adjacent sites. The cooperativity of hybrid HIV-LTR enhancers was measured with the 3′ κB site converted to uPA-κB or to interferon β gene enhancer κB. The hybrids were defective in transcriptional activator assembly and less active transcriptionally. These functional differences correlate with observed conformational differences and demonstrate that distinct κB DNA sequences function as allosteric regulators in a gene-specific manner.
Temperature Dependence of Hot Carrier Relaxation in a PBSE Quantum Dot: An Ab Initio Study

Temperature dependent dynamics of phonon-assisted relaxation of hot carriers, both electrons and holes, is studied in a PbSe quantum dot using ab initio time-domain density functional theory. The electronic structure is first calculated, showing that the hole states are denser than the electron states. Fourier transforms of the time resolved energy levels show that the hot carriers couple to both acoustic and optical phonons. At higher temperature, more phonon modes in the high frequency range participate in the relaxation process due to their increased occupation number. The phonon-assisted hot carrier decay dynamics is predicted using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics, and the calculated relaxation rates clearly show a temperature-activation behavior. The complex temperature dependence is attributed to the combined effects of the phonon occupation number and thermal expansion. Comparing the simulation results with experiments, we suggest that the multiphonon relaxation channel is efficient at high temperature, while the Auger-like process may dominate the relaxation at low temperature. This combined mechanism can explain the weak temperature dependence at low temperature and stronger temperature dependence at higher temperature.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
AN EXPLANATION OF THE CRITICAL STATE AND THE CONSTRAINED REVERSIBILITY RELATIONS IN HYSTERETIC SUPERCONDUCTORS.

Abstract An experiment is described which shows that states on reversible diamagnetic paths in H for B ≠ 0 as well as B=0 also exist on reversible paths in temperature where the conditions for reversibility are (dB/dH)T==(dB/dT)H = 0. The result is a thermodynamic confirmation that B has the properties of an independent variable and implies that the Gibbs free energy function for these systems contains a magnetic term analogous to the chemical potential.
A VALIDITY STUDY OF THE MMPI-TRI ACTING-OUT SCALE

49 college men and 45 women were administered the 1995 MMPI-TRI by Swanson, Templer, Thomas-Dobson, Cannon, Streiner, Reynolds, and Miller and a short form of the MMPI with scales for Subjective Distress, Acting-out, and Psychosis. To test the validity of the Acting-out scale respondents also took measures of sexual and aggressive acting out as well as a measure of alcohol use. They were asked about their use of drugs. Women had significant correlations between scores on the Acting-out Scale and scores on measures of Sexual Sensation Seeking .57, Sexual Compulsion .54, Anger Control -.40, Anger-out .50, Anger-in .32, and Drug Use .40. Men had significant correlations for scores on measures of Sexual Compulsion .51, Anger Control -.39, Anger-in .37, and Alcohol Use .35 but not Anger-out. Results suggest the Acting-out scale is more valid for college women than for men. Language: en
Integrity constraints of manufacturing data bases

Today's manufacturing cost reduction and competitiveness largely depends on the application of automated manufacturing. Automated manufacturing could be even more efficient if computerizations of the process is taken one step further—to the integration of the design and manufacturing processes by means of or through a well-structured data base. This paper refers to several important issues related to integrity constraints in relational data bases. The literature review provides a summary of what has been done in this area by other researchers. In addition, some of the concepts proposed, developed, and even implemented before are introduced. A brief look at the classification of integrity constraints is performed by examining the real world and engineering and manufacturing worlds. This classification is supported by various manufacturing examples for each type of integrity constraints. Further, we discuss the issues of how to express and manage integrity constraints in relational data bases with particular emphasis on manufacturing applications.
Esterification of an unnatural amino acid structurally deviating from canonical amino acids promotes its uptake and incorporation into proteins in mammalian cells.

Genetically encoded unnatural amino acids (UAAs) enable novel chemical and physical properties to be selectively introduced into proteins directly in live cells, which provides great potential for addressing biological questions at the molecular and cellular level in native settings.[1-3] UAAs have been genetically incorporated into proteins in mammalian cells using orthogonal tRNA-codon-synthetase sets,[4-6] yet the current low incorporation efficiency hinders their effective application. Efforts to improve efficiency have focused on optimizing the expression and activity of the orthogonal tRNA and synthetase,[5-7] whereas the bioavailability of the UAA inside mammalian cells, a prerequisite for incorporation, has not been addressed. In addition, there are many UAAs that have not been genetically incorporated into proteins successfully, such as glycosylated and phosphorylated amino acids. These amino acids can be invaluable for studying the contribution of posttranslational modifications to protein function and the role of a target protein in cellular signal transduction. Among many reasons, the inability of the UAA to enter cells prevents evolving a mutant synthetase specific for the UAA using cell-based selections or screens.[2] Here we show that an UAA structurally deviating from the canonical amino acids in side chain could not be efficiently transported into mammalian cells, but masking the carboxyl group of the UAA as an ester greatly increased the rate of cellular uptake and intracellular concentration of the UAA. This resulted in a significant increase in the incorporation of this UAA into proteins in mammalian cells. Among three esters tested, acetoxymethyl ester (AME) yielded the highest UAA incorporation efficiency with a concomitant reduction of the UAA required in the growth media.
A fully implicit Navier-Stokes algorithm for unstructured grids incorporating a two-equation turbulence model

An implicit algorithm is developed for the twodimensional, compressible, Favxe-averaged NavierStokes equations. It incorporates the standard k — e turbulence model of Launder and Spalding and the low Reynolds number correction of Chien. The equations are solved using an unstructured grid of triangles with the flow variables stored at the centroids of the cells. The inviscid fluxes are obtained from Roe's flux difference split method. Linear reconstruction of the flow variables to the cell faces provides second-order spatial accuracy. Turbulent and viscous stresses as well as heat transfer are obtained from a discrete representation of Gauss's theorem. Interpolation of the flow variables to the nodes is achieved using a second-order accurate method. Temporal discretization employs Euler, Trapezoidal or 3-Point Backward differencing. An incomplete LU factorization of the Jacobian matrix is implemented as a preconditioning method. Results for three test cases are presented : a supersonic turbulent mixing layer, a supersonic laminar compression corner and a supersonic turbulent compression corner.
Thermal conductivity of a -Si:H thin films

The thermal conductivity of sputtered a-Si:H thin films for a hydrogen content of 1--20 % and a film thickness of 0.2--1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m is determined in the temperature range 80--400 K using an extension of the 3\ensuremath{\omega} measurement technique. The reliability of the method is demonstrated on 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick a-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ thermally grown on Si. Scattering of phonons at the interface between the a-Si:H film and the substrate places a simple upper limit on the heat transport by long-wavelength phonons and facilitates the comparison of the experimental data to recent numerical solutions of a Kubo formula using harmonic vibrations.
Thrombin is an extracellular signal that activates intracellular death protease pathways inducing apoptosis in model motor neurons

Apoptosis, often also termed "programmed cell death", occurs in normal development in the brain and spinal cord. Important to concepts of disease and potential intervention is the exciting finding that apoptosis is also found after neurotrauma and in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the precise mechanism of neuronal cell loss remains unknown, much emphasis has been placed recently on the activation of cell death protease cascades within the cell. How these cascades may be activated, especially from extracellular influences, is currently poorly understood. Thrombin, the multifunctional coagulation protease, is an early phase modulator at sites of tissue injury and has been shown to induce cell death in neurons by an apoptotic mechanism by activating its receptor, PAR-1. Using a model motor neuronal cell line, NSC19, which we have shown undergoes apoptosis after treatment with classic apoptosis inducers such as the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide, we unambiguously found that nanomolar thrombin induced characteristic signs of apoptosis. Strikingly, endonucleolysis was accompanied by an increase in caspase-3-like activity in cellular extracts, which correlated with both detection of caspase-induced signature cleavage of the cortical cytoskeleton component nonerythroid spectrin (alpha-fodrin) and identification of increased accessibility of a caspase cleavage domain, using an antibody (Ab127) made against a synthetic peptide KGDEVD. Demonstrating that thrombin activation of death proteases was linked to cell death, we were able to inhibit thrombin-induced apoptosis by using a caspase family inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-(oMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Boc-D-FMK). These novel results demonstrate that thrombin serves as an extracellular "death signal" to activate intracellular protease pathways. These pathways lead to apoptotic cell death and can be modulated by inhibiting caspase activity downstream to PAR-1.
A distinct profile of myogenic regulatory factor detection within Pax7+ cells at S phase supports a unique role of Myf5 during posthatch chicken myogenesis.

Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that provide myogenic progeny for myofiber growth and repair. Temporal expression of muscle regulatory factors (MRFs) and the paired box transcription factor Pax7 defines characteristic phases of proliferation (Pax7+/MyoD+/myogenin−) and differentiation (Pax7−/MyoD+/myogenin+) during myogenesis of satellite cells. Here, using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and triple immunodetection, we analyzed expression patterns of Pax7 and the MRFs MyoD, Myf5, or myogenin within S phase myoblasts prepared from posthatch chicken muscle. Essentially, all BrdU incorporation was restricted to Pax7+ cells, of which the majority also expressed MyoD. The presence of a minor BrdU+/Pax7+/myogenin+ population in proliferation stage cultures suggests that myogenin up-regulation is alone insufficient for terminal differentiation. Myf5 was detected strictly within Pax7+ cells and decreased during S phase while MyoD presence persisted in cycling cells. This study provides novel data in support of a unique role for Myf5 during posthatch myogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 238:1001–1009, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Renal artery stenosis presenting with status epilepticus: A report of one case

In children, renal artery stenosis is an uncommon but important cause of secondary hypertension. In this report, the authors describe a 5-year-old boy with no history of seizures who experienced status epilepticus. Postictal blood pressure, relative hypotension, was misinterpreted as normal on the day of admission. Two days later, his blood pressure rose gradually and peripheral plasma renin activity showed more than 1,700 μU/mL. Magnetic resonance angiography suggested renal artery stenosis. After successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, the patient was seizure-free and had well-controlled blood pressure. This case describes renal artery stenosis present with status epilepticus, and emphasizes the importance of serial measurements of blood pressure in children.
A SHORT SYNTHESIS OF (±)-α-CHAMIGRENE

(1988). A SHORT SYNTHESIS OF (±)-α-CHAMIGRENE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 199-204.
Modeling and Hysteresis Compensation in a Thin SMA Wire Using ANFIS Methods

Having a responsive behavior to applied voltage/current, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are widely used as miniature, low mass, compact actuators for many applications. Due to the non-linear hysteretic behavior, SMA wires require advanced control techniques for precision control when used as actuators. In this article, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is developed to compensate for the hysteretic non-linearity in a thin SMA wire. An experimental setup is designed to test the SMA wire, which can achieve an operating bandwidth of 1 Hz without an external cooling system. By using the data obtained from the experimental system, an ANFIS model is developed to model the major and minor hysteresis loops (voltage vs. displacement characteristics) and the hysteresis non-linearity at various driving frequencies. Results of numerical simulations based on the ANFIS model closely match the experimental data. Having demonstrated the ability of the ANFIS to account for the hysteretic behavior, an inverse...