cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS PEANUT FLOUR DISPERSIONS

The rheological behaviors of aqueous peanut flour dispersions were characterized across a range of conditions, including controlled heating and cooling rates under both large- and small-strain deformations. Fat content of the dry flours influenced rheological changes, as dispersions of higher-fat flours were less viscous than lower-fat flours on an equal weight basis. A roast effect was also apparent, especially for dispersions of the higher-fat flours in which light roast flours were more viscous than dark roast flours. Dispersions of toasted soy flour were more viscous at lower temperatures (<75C), but at higher temperatures, low-fat peanut flour dispersions were more viscous than soy. Centrifugal separation revealed that the insoluble material of all dispersions primarily contributed to the observed rheological responses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to characterize the soluble and insoluble proteins making up the various dispersions, and these results are discussed in terms of observed rheological phenomena. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Peanut flour is a dry powder prepared after partial extraction of peanut oil from roasted peanut seed. This flour, as compared to peanut butter or whole peanut seed, has numerous functional advantages in formulated foods, including improved stability to lipid oxidation, an enriched protein content and the handling ease of a powder. However, there is no published fundamental rheological data pertaining to these ingredients. Accordingly, commercially available peanut flours with varying roast intensities and fat contents were rheologically characterized in aqueous dispersions, both in the absence and presence of heat. Residual fat content in the flours primarily affected rheological behaviors, with high-fat flours being less viscous under equivalent conditions. A yield stress was observed in all dispersions held at 40C, which correlated with stability of the dispersion to particle settling. This data could ultimately aid texture optimization of products containing such flours.
The cauchy-riemann equations in determining the refractive index of microwave isolator of ferrite-metal strips in a waveguide

We present a full band microwave isolator in the X-band spectrum that features ferrite samples coated in uniformly spaced strips of metal wire. The objective is to use the wire strips to obtain effective negative permittivity levels at the desired frequencies within the spectrum, as well as to create negative permeability with the ferrite-wire configuration. In practice, we were capable of controlling the wire-covered ferrite samples by using an external field as small as 100 mT. The controllable permeability of ferrites in this experiment allowed us to create unidirectional wave propagation over the entire X-band frequency spectrum. This nonreciprocal circuit is a challenge to the traditional methods of defining refractive index, permittivity and permeability from the S-parameters of a vector network analyzer. We therefore propose a novel method to define the refractive index for nonreciprocal circuits.
An Overview of Dual Sensory Impairment in Older Adults: Perspectives for Rehabilitation

Dual sensory impairment (DSI) refers to the presence of both hearing loss and vision loss. The occurrence of DSI is particularly prevalent among the aging population, with studies showing between 9% and 21% of adults older than 70 years having some degree of DSI. Despite this, there is little direction regarding recommended clinical practice and rehabilitation of individuals with DSI. It is assumed that the problems encountered by individuals with DSI are considerably greater than the effects of vision impairment or hearing impairment alone, because when these two sensory impairments are combined, the individual is seriously deprived of compensatory strategies that make use of the nonimpaired sense. In this article, the literature available regarding DSI is summarized, and research needs regarding rehabilitation strategies are outlined and discussed. Simple suggestions for addressing DSI are provided that use available tools and technology.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering from small volumes

We have used coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy to resolve the Raman Q-branch line [Q (2) at 2987.18 cm(-1)] of dueterium gas contained in a 60-microm-diameter glass sphere. The 60-microm spheres contained only 10(+13) molecules at standard temperature and pressure; this made it possible to study gases that in larger quantities would be too dangerous or expensive to use.
To be or not to be--determinants of embryonic survival following heat shock.

Elevated temperature can reduce developmental competence of the preimplantation embryo. Whether an embryo survives elevated temperature depends on its genotype, stage of development, exposure to regulatory molecules and redox status. Following fertilization, the embryo is very sensitive to heat shock. By Days 4–5 after insemination, however, the embryo has acquired increased resistance to elevated temperature. One system that may potentiate embryonic survival at later stages of embryonic development is the apoptosis response—inhibition of apoptosis responses at Day 4 exacerbated effects of heat shock on development. Embryo responses to heat shock at Days 4–5 also depend upon genotype because Bos indicus embryos are more resistant than embryos from non-adapted B. taurus. Some experiments (although not all) indicate that survival following heat shock can be increased by reducing oxygen tension, suggesting involvement of reactive oxygen species or hypoxia-induced factors. Embryonic responses to heat shock are also affected by regulatory molecules that act to modify cellular physiology and improve cell survival. The best characterized of these is insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Actions of IGF-1 to allow development following heat shock are independent of its anti-apoptotic actions because inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway through which IGF-1 blocks apoptosis does not prevent thermoprotective effects of IGF-1 on development. Identification of specific determinants of embryonic survival creates the opportunity for new strategies to improve pregnancy rates in animals exposed to heat stress. Many environmental perturbations activate similar cellular responses. Therefore, molecular and cellular systems that improve embryonic survival to heat shock may confer protection from other embryotoxic conditions.
In Vivo Patterns of Circulating Steroids in Adult Male Rats. I. Variations in Testosterone during 24- and 48-Hour Standard and Reverse Light/Dark Cycles*

The in vivo pattern of circulating testosterone (T) was investigated in unrestrained, conscious, individual male rats during 24 and 48 h. Each rat exhibited its own characteristic in vivo diurnal rhythm. When these individual patterns of T were grouped, the mean values also showed a diurnal rhythm. Although T concentrations peaked during the dark and light periods, the most pronounced elevations were observed during the dark periods (2200-2330 h). Lowest T concentrations were noted during the late dark and early light hours (0400-0700 h). The pattern of T was further investigated by extending the experimental period to 48 h. The pattern of T observed during the first 24 h repeated itself on the second day, thus demonstrating the authenticity of this diurnal rhythm. Rats were exposed to a reversed light/dark regimen which resulted in an inversion of the rhythm of circulating T. These data indicate that the pattern of circulating T is not intrinsically regulated.
On two-stage convex chance constrained problems

In this paper we develop approximation algorithms for two-stage convex chance constrained problems. Nemirovski and Shapiro [18] formulated this class of problems and proposed an ellipsoid-like iterative algorithm for the special case where the impact function f(x,h) is bi-affine. We show that this algorithm extends to bi-convex f(x,h) in a fairly straightforward fashion. The complexity of the solution algorithm as well as the quality of its output are functions of the radius r of the largest Euclidean ball that can be inscribed in the polytope defined by a random set of linear inequalities generated by the algorithm [18]. Since the polytope determining r is random, computing r is difficult. Yet, the solution algorithm requiresr as an input. In this paper we provide some guidance for selecting r. We show that the largest value of r is determined by the degree of robust feasibility of the two-stage chance constrained problem – the more robust the problem, the higher one can set the parameter r. Next, we formulate ambiguous two-stage chance constrained problems. In this formulation, the random variables defining the chance constraint are known to have a fixed distribution; however, the decision maker is only able to estimate this distribution to within some error. We construct an algorithm that solves the ambiguous two-stage chance constrained problem when the impact function f(x,h) is bi-affine and the extreme points of a certain “dual” polytope are known explicitly.
P1-Marx modulator for the ILC

A first generation prototype, P1, Marx-topology klystron modulator has been developed at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for the International Linear Collider (ILC) project[1]. It is envisioned as a lower cost, smaller footprint, and higher reliability alternative to the present, bouncer-topology, baseline design. The application requires 120 kV (+/−0.5%), 140 A, 1.6 ms pulses at a rate of 5 Hz. The Marx constructs the high voltage pulse by combining, in series, a number of lower voltage cells. The Marx employs solid state elements; IGBTs and diodes, to control the charge, discharge and isolation of the cells. Active compensation of the output is used to achieve the voltage regulation while minimizing the stored energy. The P1-Marx has been integrated into a test stand with a 10 MW L-band klystron, where each is undergoing life testing. A review of the P1-Marx design and its operational history in the L-band test stand are presented.
Production of bricks from waste materials – A review

Abstract Bricks are a widely used construction and building material around the world. Conventional bricks are produced from clay with high temperature kiln firing or from ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, and thus contain high embodied energy and have large carbon footprint. In many areas of the world, there is already a shortage of natural source material for production of the conventional bricks. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on production of bricks from waste materials. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of research on utilization of waste materials to produce bricks. A wide variety of waste materials have been studied to produce bricks with different methods. The research can be divided into three general categories based on the methods for producing bricks from waste materials: firing, cementing and geopolymerization. Although much research has been conducted, the commercial production of bricks from waste materials is still very limited. The possible reasons are related to the methods for producing bricks from waste materials, the potential contamination from the waste materials used, the absence of relevant standards, and the slow acceptance of waste materials-based bricks by industry and public. For wide production and application of bricks from waste materials, further research and development is needed, not only on the technical, economic and environmental aspects but also on standardization, government policy and public education related to waste recycling and sustainable development.
STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTONICITY I. Pathogenesis of the Clinical Syndrome, Biochemical Abnormalities and Cause of Death

Hypertonicity of the body fluids was induced in rabbits by the intravenous infusion of different hypertonic solutions (NaCl. NaCl plus NaHCO3, sucrose, mannitol and urea). The results obtained in this study indicate the following. There is no significant correlation between the clinical syndrome or death and values for total body water, total body solutes, total extracellular or intracellular volume, or concentration of sodium or chloride in the plasma. The clinical manifestations and death can occur in the absence of in tracranial hemorrhage. Hypertonicity, by creating an osmotic gradient between extracellular fluid and brain, is the important factor in producing the characteristic clinical syndrome and death, but is not the immediate cause of these abnormalities. The osmolality necessary to produce these alterations was greater in animals infused with urea. Hypertonicity produces these alterations by decreasing water and increasing ion concentration in the brain. The resulting functional impairment of neurones accounts for the clinical and electroencephalographic abnormalities. The increased values of sodium and chloride in the brain reflect an impairment of function of either brain cells, "blood-brain barrier," or both. Acidosis, hyperkalemia and hyerphosphatemia ensue as a result of hypertonicity. Unless death is imminent, all of the abnormalities described are reversible.
The Benefits and Costs of Volunteering in Community Organizations: Review and Practical Implications

The authors reviewed the literature of the benefits and costs associated with participation in voluntary organizations. The literature shows that benefits and costs can be measured, are related to participation, and can be managed by voluntary organization leaders. Therefore, understanding benefits and costs is important because they can be used to enhance participation in voluntary groups. Membership, activity level, and different organization types are ways in which researchers have examined benefits and costs. Researchers have also collapsed benefit and cost items into factors and constructed a direct ratio of benefits to costs. Practical implications of the research are discussed, and recommendations are given to refine future research efforts.
Tongue atrophy and fasciculations in transthyretin familial amyloid neuropathy: An ALS mimicker

Objective: Macroglossia is a well-known feature of amyloidosis; however, tongue atrophy and fasciculations are rarely seen and can lead to the misdiagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: We identified 2 unrelated patients with atypical features of tongue atrophy and fasciculations in the setting of a severe neuropathy. Results: Both patients were confirmed to have transthyretin-related familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) by genetic testing. Conclusions: TTR-FAP should be considered as a possible mimicker of ALS when tongue atrophy and fasciculations are seen in the setting of a severely progressive polyneuropathy. Other atypical mimickers of ALS include polyglucosan body disease, hexosaminidase A deficiency, multisystem proteinopathy, and Allgrove syndrome.
Variation in White Matter Connectivity Predicts the Ability to Remember Faces and Discriminate Their Emotions.

Objectives: The extended face network contains clusters of neurons that perform distinct functions on facial stimuli. Regions in the posterior ventral visual stream appear to perform basic perceptual functions on faces, while more anterior regions, such as the ventral anterior temporal lobe and amygdala, function to link mnemonic and affective information to faces. Anterior and posterior regions are interconnected by a long-range white matter tracts; however, it is not known if variation in connectivity of these pathways explains cognitive performance. Methods: Here, we used diffusion imaging and deterministic tractography in a cohort of 28 neurologically normal adults ages 18–28 to examine microstructural properties of visual fiber pathways and their relationship to certain mnemonic and affective functions involved in face processing. We investigated how inter-individual variability in two tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), related to performance on tests of facial emotion recognition and face memory. Results: Results revealed that microstructure of both tracts predicted variability in behavioral performance indexed by both tasks, suggesting that the ILF and IFOF play a role in facilitating our ability to discriminate emotional expressions in faces, as well as to remember unique faces. Variation in a control tract, the uncinate fasciculus, did not predict performance on these tasks. Conclusions: These results corroborate and extend the findings of previous neuropsychology studies investigating the effects of damage to the ILF and IFOF, and demonstrate that differences in face processing abilities are related to white matter microstructure, even in healthy individuals. (JINS, 2016, 22, 180–190)
Is the care-education dichotomy behind us? Should it be?

For over a decade we have talked about the care - education dichotomy as being false and irrelevant given that care is considered to be a part of education, not separate from it. A generation of early childhood professionals have grown up in services where care is seen as part of education. As a nation, Australia is now pursuing professionalisation of early childhood through the education discourse. As with any decision, there are positive and negative consequences. In this article I report on a research project that explores early childhood professionals' perspectives of the care - education dichotomy, and the role it plays in early childhood today. I argue that, in order to understand the unintentional consequences of pursuing an educational pathway towards professionalisation, we need to keep the issues relating to care in the front of our minds.
Some Practical Aspects of Teaching Traffic Safety

(1941). Some Practical Aspects of Teaching Traffic Safety. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 354-388.
The Eurozone's 'Winner-Take-All' Political Economy: Institutional Choices, Policy Drift, and Diverging Patterns of Inequality

This article offers an institutional explanation for the conflicting trends in income inequality both across the Eurozone and within its member states. It argues that the euro’s introduction create...
Cancer of the prostate and other prostatic problems.

To detect cancer of the prostate at the stage when it is amenable to treatment, any man aged 50 years or more who comes to the doctor's office—whether for a sore throat or other problem—probably should have a rectal examination as well as the usual physical examination.
Intraoperative angioscopy of saphenous vein and coronary arteries.

During coronary artery bypass graft operations, the saphenous vein graft and native coronary arteries in 17 patients were examined with a 1.7 mm fiberoptic catheter to determine the feasibility of the procedure and its potential for clinical application. Good to excellent visualization in 10 of 11 proximal and 10 of 10 distal coronary anastomoses was obtained promptly and consistently. Good visualization of native coronary arteries was obtained in only six of 11 vessels. Three of three coronary arteries were visualized through the completed distal anastomosis, whereas only three of eight vessels could be visualized directly through the arteriotomy site before completion of the distal anastomosis. The image quality improved with operator experience. Vessel distention by cold crystalloid solution during catheter visualization was also important for obtaining better images. Limitations of the current “state of the art” fiberoptic catheters include the large size relative to the usual dimensions of the native coronary vessels, a lack of perfusion channel, and the absence of an angulation or guiding system. Potentially, angioscopic catheters may be useful as an instructional aid during bypass operations or as a diagnostic tool in monitoring arterial status after thrombolytic intervention, balloon angioplasty, or laser therapy.
Online Supplement to Psychological and Structural Bias in Civil Jury Awards

Supplemental material for Erik J. Girvan & Heather Marek, Psychological and Structural Bias in Civil Jury Awards, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2659875.Paper Abstract: The goals of this paper are twofold. First, it proposes a basic organizing framework for when a plaintiff’s race, ethnicity, or sex may impact civil jury awards. The framework takes into account psychological and structural sources of bias and the ways in which they may interact when jurors have more or less discretion. Second, the paper employs a methodological innovation to overcome one of the primary barriers to empirical field research on bias in civil legal decisions: The absence of plaintiff demographic information. The data set is comprised of jury verdicts in tort cases combined with information from the U.S. Census Bureau regarding race and ethnicity. Statistical tests measure the relationships between race, ethnicity, sex, and awards for economic damages and pain and suffering. Overall, the results were consistent with the psycho-structural framework. Where jurors had discretion (i.e., pain and suffering damages), they awarded less to Black plaintiffs than to White plaintiffs, indicating potential psychological bias. Where jurors had little discretion (i.e., lost income) they awarded less to female plaintiffs and more to Asian plaintiffs than to male and White plaintiffs, respectively, a potential reflection of structural income disparities. Thus, the framework and method have promise for exploring relationships between structural and psychological bias and differential civil jury awards.
The Model of Care for the Ventilator-Dependent Child

Learn the importance of the Medical Home and family-centered care for the ventilator-dependent child
Fluorescent Labeling of Proteins in Whole Cell Extracts for Single-Molecule Imaging

Cellular machines such as the spliceosome and ribosome can be composed of dozens of individual proteins and nucleic acids. Given this complexity, it is not surprising that many cellular activities have not yet been biochemically reconstituted. Such processes are often studied in vitro in whole cell or fractionated lysates. This presents a challenge for obtaining detailed biochemical information when the components being investigated may be only a minor component of the extract and unrelated processes may interfere with the assay. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy methods allow particular biomolecules to be analyzed even in the complex milieu of a cell extract. This is due to the use of bright fluorophores that emit light at wavelengths at which few cellular components fluoresce, and the development of chemical biology tools for attaching these fluorophores to specific cellular proteins. Here, we describe a protocol for fluorescent labeling of endogenous, SNAP-tagged yeast proteins in whole cell extract. This method allows biochemical reactions to be followed in cell lysates in real time using colocalization single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Labeled complexes can also be isolated from extract and characterized by SNAP tag single-molecule pull-down (SNAP-SiMPull). These approaches have proven useful for studying complex biological machines such as the spliceosome that cannot yet be reconstituted from purified components.
Antimony Complexes for Electrocatalysis: Activity of a Main-Group Element in Proton Reduction

Main-group complexes are shown to be viable electrocatalysts for the H2 -evolution reaction (HER) from acid. A series of antimony porphyrins with varying axial ligands were synthesized for electrocatalysis applications. The proton-reduction catalytic properties of TPSb(OH)2 (TP=5,10,15,20-tetra(p-tolyl)porphyrin) with two axial hydroxy ligands were studied in detail, demonstrating catalytic H2 production. Experiments, in conjunction with quantum chemistry calculations, show that the catalytic cycle is driven via the redox activity of both the porphyrin ligand and the Sb center. This study brings insight into main group catalysis and the role of redox-active ligands during catalysis.
Molecular Mechanisms of Chromium-Induced Carcinogenesis

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has been utilized for industrial applications for over 200 years. Due to its frequent use, workers in over 80 different industries are exposed to Cr(VI). Epidemiological studies indicate particulate Cr(VI) compounds are the most potent carcinogens, resulting in sinusoid and lung tumors following inhalation. Although Cr(VI) is well established as a human lung carcinogen, the mechanism of carcinogenesis remains unknown. Here, we examine the results of Cr(VI)-induced tumor, in vivo, cell culture, and in vitro studies in the context of three major models of carcinogenesis: multistage carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and epigenetic modification. A wealth of data support the conclusion that genomic instability is a driving mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. However, recent studies suggest epigenetic modifications also play a crucial role in its carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, we propose a mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis that involves both genomic instability and epigenetic modification.
Traumatic Neuropathy of the Trigeminal Nerve in a College Trumpet Player: A Case Report

Abstract A 20-year-old college trumpet player presented with a 3-month history of upper lip numbness and worsening playing ability after a marching band performance. Examination demonstrated anesthesia of the upper lip that followed the borders of the trumpet mouthpiece. While playing, the patient had poor range and an airy tone quality. A prescription of complete embouchure rest for 6 weeks and a tailored return to play regimen resulted in resolution of upper lip numbness and improved trumpet playing. Neuropathy of the lip in a brass player is uncommon but highlights the uniqueness of injuries that may be sustained by performing artists. Level of Evidence V
Blood vitronectin is a major activator of LIF and IL-6 in the brain through integrin-FAK and uPAR signaling

We defined how blood-derived vitronectin (VTN) rapidly and potently activates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) in vitro and after vascular injury in the brain. VTN (not fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin-111, collagen-I) robustly increased LIF and IL-6 within 4 hr in C6-astroglioma cells, while VTN-/- mouse plasma was less effective than wildtype. LIF and IL-6 were induced by intracerebral injection of rhVTN in mice, but less by intracerebral hemorrhage in VTN-/- than wildtype littermates. In vitro, VTN effects were inhibited by RGD,αvβ3 and avb5 integrin blocking peptides, and antibodies. VTN activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), whereas pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of FAK, but not PYK2, reduced LIF and IL-6 in C6 and endothelial cells, and after traumatic cell injury. Dominant negative FAK (Y397F) reduced injury-induced LIF and IL-6. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of uPAR, which binds VTN, also reduced cytokine expression, possibly through a common target of uPAR and integrins. We propose that VTN leakage into tissues promotes inflammation. Integrin-FAK signaling is a novel IL-6 and LIF regulation mechanism relevant to the inflammation and stem cell fields.
Intraovarian Regulation of Granulosa-Cell Replication

From the reinitiation of growth by primordial follicles until terminal differentiation (luteinization), the number of granulosa cells per follicle may increase from approximately 50 (Lintern-Moore et al., 1974) to more than 5 × 107 (McNatty et al., 1979) in the human. Although estimates of cell number vary among species and observers, granulosa cell replication is unquestionably a dominant feature of ovarian physiology. The earliest phase of follicular growth occurs in fetal or immature animals, during seasonal diapause, during pregnancy, and after hypophysectomy (Review, Richards, 1980) with no apparent relationship to the hormonal milieu. Although a case can be made fo a permissive role of hormones during this phase of follicular growth (Ross and Schreiber, 1978), the proximate regulators of this process must be chemical messages generated within the ovary. After antrum formation, there is a further 100- to 1000-fold increase in granulosa cell number per follicle (McNatty et al., 1979). During this period, FSH and estradiol cause a synergistic enhancement of granulosa cell multiplication in vivo (Rao et al., 1978). In addition, both estradiol and FSH (McNatty and Sawers, 1975; Thanki and Channing, 1976, 1978) have previously been found to be mitogenic for cultured granulosa cells.
Citizenship requirements for Medicaid coverage.

Despite evidence showing that Medicare fraud by immigrants is virtually nonexistent, legislation requiring proof of citizenship to access government-subsidized medical care has been enacted, creating an obstacle to care for legitimate citizens who merely lack the needed documents.
Satellite Image Spoofing: Creating Remote Sensing Dataset with Generative Adversarial Networks (Short Paper)

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought up both opportunities and challenges for today's evolving GIScience. Its ability in image classification, object detection and feature extraction has been frequently praised. However, it may also apply for falsifying geospatial data. To demonstrate the thrilling power of AI, this research explored the potentials of deep learning algorithms in capturing geographic features and creating fake satellite images according to the learned 'sense'. Specifically, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) is used to capture geographic features of a certain place from a group of web maps and satellite images, and transfer the features to another place. Corvallis is selected as the study area, and fake datasets with 'learned' style from three big cities (i.e. New York City, Seattle and Beijing) are generated through CycleGAN. The empirical results show that GANs can 'remember' a certain 'sense of place' and further apply that 'sense' to another place. With this paper, we would like to raise both public and GIScientists' awareness in the potential occurrence of fake satellite images, and its impacts on various geospatial applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, and land use development.
Two Independent Predictors of Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Study Objectives:Understanding nightmares (NM) and disturbing dreams (DD) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been limited by the unpredictability of these events and their nonappearance in...
Industry Payments in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Review of 112,448 Payments From a National Disclosure Program.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the sources, amounts, and nature of general industry payments to oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs). Materials and Methods The Open Payments database was searched from August 2013 to December 2017 for all general payments made to OMSs. For each payment, data were recorded regarding the date, value, paying organization, and nature of the payment. Analyses of variance were performed to compare payment amount per surgeon, number of payments per surgeon, and amount per payment across payment years. Results Overall, there were 112,448 payments totaling $28,644,063.20. Although, on average each year, 69% of OMSs received at least 1 payment, the top 10% of earners accounted for 89% ($25,607,781) of all payments. Each OMS received a median total of $93.75 (interquartile range, $33 to $263) and an average of $1,109.68 (SD, $14,297; range, $2-$2,250,345) per year. The mean payment value was $254.73 (SD, $2,727; range, $0.01-$548,126) compared with a median of $28.90 (interquartile range, $15-$82). Most payments were in the form of food and beverage (72%); however, the most dollars were spent on consulting fees ($5,594,087; 20%). From 2014 to 2016, significant decreases occurred in the payment amounts (P Conclusions Although OMSs receive a substantial amount of industry payments, the overall figure is driven by a small percentage of top earners. Most individual payments were of nominal value, and their effect on clinical practice remains to be seen.
Abstract P232: Better Dietary Quality is Associated with Lower Circulating Ceramide Concentrations in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Introduction: Diet quality may alter cardiometabolic risk by the modification of circulating lipid species. Ceramides are a class of sphingolipid implicated in cardiometabolic risk. We hypothesized...
Exploring violence: The role of neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, and other micro-places

This study explores the association between neighborhood characteristics, alcohol outlets, other micro-places, and neighborhood violence rates. Prior studies that examined the alcohol availability and violence associations suggested that alcohol outlets play an important role in violent outcomes, yet we know less about the larger environment in which alcohol outlets are located, including how the availability of other types of places that exist side by side with alcohol outlets in neighborhoods could influence the alcohol-violence relationships. I collected publicly available data on simple and aggravated assaults, neighborhood characteristics (concentrated disadvantage, concentrated immigration, residential stability, and ethnic heterogeneity), on- and off-premise outlets, and other micro-places (colleges and universities, primary and secondary schools, financial services, gas stations, hotels and motels, laundromats, parks and playgrounds, and rooming houses) and subsequently aggregated the data to Milwaukee, Wisconsin census block groups. I estimated spatially lagged regression models to test these associations and compared the results across the models. The findings show that some neighborhood characteristics and some micro-places are important predictors of neighborhood violence. Importantly, off-premise alcohol outlets have a consistently significant positive relationship with simple and aggravated assaults, even when the influence of the neighborhood characteristics and micro-places is accounted for in the models. This study contributes to the environmental criminology theories and alcohol availability theory by highlighting the importance of off-premise outlets as crime attractors and crime generators to explain violence.
Academics and Nonprofits: Collaborative Partnering for Evidence-Informed Practice

This case study highlights the academic-nonprofit practice partnership between one social work faculty member and the director of a local domestic violence shelter. Initiated by the academic researcher in 2017, the resultant research project has informed the local domestic violence shelter's plan of services, supported funding requests for both current and new services, and provided the academic partner with an additional potential statewide research project partner. Outcomes to date include a report to the shelter board of directors, a statewide research presentation, and a local poster presentation. The process of developing the collaborative partnership as well as the lessons learned throughout will be discussed. Subscribe to JNEL
Nondestructive Tests for Shear Strength Degradation of a Graphite-Epoxy Composite

The effects of hydrothermal aging (100°C in water) on the shear strength properties of a graphite-epoxy composite have been studied. Fiber surface treatments were employed to produce controlled rates and extents of hydrothermal degradation in the laminated composite. A study was conducted to develop methods of specifically detecting and identifying the extent and mechanism of hydrothermal aging. This study shows that hydrothermal aging concurrently degrades the bonded fiber-matrix interface, produces changes in the chemical network structure of the epoxy matrix, and modifies the differential stress balances imposed by fiber constraints upon the epoxy continium phase. The degradation state of the fiber-matrix interface was detected through correlation of surface energetics analysis, ultrasonic characterization, and moisture take-up. The state of the bulk epoxy was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, specific heat measurements, infrared and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and thermo-mechanical analysis. The fiber-matrix stress state was delineated by thermal expansivity, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and ultrasonic response. These nondestructive measurement techniques for hydrothermal aging form the basis for detailed analysis of the relations between materials response and composite performance and reliability.
Influence of Whole Body Vibration Machines, for Sport Exercises, on the Human Balance and Stability

Shock and vibration are present in all areas of our daily lives. It may be transmitted and generated by machine-tools, turbines, motor, towers, bridges, and even by the human body. Vibration and shock also may desirable, disturbing and even destructive. It depends on the place and what type of source of vibration that occurs. This paper presents a case study of the influences of vibration machine, used in sport exercises, on the human balance and stability. The equipment used is a vibration machine Insportline, a force platform Kistler and four subjects (mean age 23 ± 1 years; mean weight 75 ± 3 kg; mean height 1.78 ± 0.4 m). The subjects were analyzed, on the Kistler platform, in three situations: with eyes open, with eyes closed, and after 1 min of standing on the vibration machine. The analyses consist of a 30 s stand still on the force platform in an orthostatic position. The parameter taken into account is the center of pressure of the foot. The results indicate that there is a slight influence of the vibrations on the balance and stability of the subjects indicated by the variation of the center of pressure on a 2D plane.
Calculating prescription rates and addiction probabilities for the four most commonly prescribed opioids and evaluating their impact on addiction using compartment modelling

In 2016, more than 11 million Americans abused prescription opioids. The National Institute on Drug Abuse considers the opioid crisis a national addiction epidemic, as an increasing number of people are affected each year. Using the framework developed in mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, we create and analyse a compartmental opioid-abuse model consisting of a system of ordinary differential equations. Since $40\%$ of opioid overdoses are caused by prescription opioids, our model includes prescription compartments for the four most commonly prescribed opioids, as well as for the susceptible, addicted and recovered populations. While existing research has focused on drug abuse models in general and opioid models with one prescription compartment, no previous work has been done comparing the roles that the most commonly prescribed opioids have had on the crisis. By combining data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (which tracked the proportion of people who used or misused one of the four individual opioids) with data from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (which counted the total number of prescriptions), we estimate prescription rates and probabilities of addiction for the four most commonly prescribed opioids. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis and reallocate prescriptions to determine which opioid has the largest impact on the epidemic. Our results indicate that oxycodone prescriptions are both the most likely to lead to addiction and have the largest impact on the size of the epidemic, while hydrocodone prescriptions had the smallest impact.
Meta-learning local synaptic plasticity for continual familiarity detection

Abstract Over the course of a lifetime, a continual stream of information is encoded and retrieved from memory. To explore the synaptic mechanisms that enable this ongoing process, we consider a continual familiarity detection task in which a subject must report whether an image has been previously encountered. We design a class of feedforward neural network models endowed with biologically plausible synaptic plasticity dynamics, the parameters of which are meta-learned to optimize familiarity detection over long delay intervals. After training, we find that anti-Hebbian plasticity leads to better performance than Hebbian and replicates experimental results from the inferotemporal cortex, including repetition suppression. Unlike previous models, this network both operates continuously without requiring any synaptic resets and generalizes to intervals it has not been trained on. We demonstrate this not only for uncorrelated random stimuli but also for images of real-world objects. Our work suggests a biologically plausible mechanism for continual learning, and demonstrates an effective application of machine learning for neuroscience discovery.
How Emotional Traits and Practices Lead to Support in Acts of Political Violence

The current study aims to assess the emotional processes that foster support for political violence. A survey of 1202 respondents was used to identify the association between emotional traits, supp...
Hybridized distance- and contact- based hierarchical protein structure modeling using DConStruct

Crystallography and NMR system (CNS) is a widely used method for predicting 3D structures of protein from inter-residue distance or contact maps. However, the decade-old CNS is an experimental structure determination method that was originally developed for solving macromolecular geometry from experimental restraints, as opposed to predictive structure modeling. Thus, relying on CNS for structure modeling may undermine the ab initio folding performance. Here we propose a CNS-free protein structure modeling method called DConStruct [1], which performs 3-stage hierarchical predictive modeling with iterative self-correction driven purely by the geometric restraints induced by inter-residue interactions and secondary structures. Starting from a residue-residue interaction map and secondary structure, DConStruct can hierarchically estimate the correct overall fold of a target protein in coarse-grained mode to progressively optimize local and non-local interactions while enhancing the secondary structure topology in a self-correcting manner. Multiple large-scale benchmarking experiments show that our proposed method can substantially improve the folding accuracy for both soluble and membrane proteins compared to state-of-the-art approaches. The open-source DConStruct software package, licensed under the GNU General Public License v3, is freely available at https://github.com/Bhattacharya-Lab/DConStruct.
The Role of the Playing Surface in Mitigating the Deleterious Effects of Head Impacts in Field Sports

It has been known for some time that the incidence rates of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries, especially those of the lower extremities, can be influenced by the type of playing surface, but only recently has it been postulated that the surface may have a role in the incidence of head injuries. Unfortunately, the current standards for athletic surfaces do not incorporate our present understanding of head impact thresholds and exposure limits. Consequently, herein we assess the existing standards for the design of playing surfaces, especially in the context of impact attenuation, and examine the utility of combining biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis to guide the design and regulation of next generation playing surface installations.
Improving Education in Desegregated Schools

During the mid-1960s, at the height of the civil rights movement, organized minority parents began demanding that their schools publish reading and mathematics test scores. Their purpose was to call attention to the almost certain achievement discrepancy between white and minority schools. By desegregating the schools, they hoped, achievement differences would be bridged or at least minimized. There thus existed a perceived link between desegregation and achievement. Public opinion polls during the 1970s found repeatedly that a belief that minority academic achievement would rise with desegregation was the principal reason for black support of desegregation. This view prevailed during struggles to initiate desegregation as well as to maintain it.
TH-AB-BRD-03: Radiation Dosimetry for Proton Therapy

The goal of this session is to introduce the audience to the physics, dosimetry, treatment planning techniques, and quality assurances (QA) procedures used in proton therapy. The course material covers the physics of proton interaction with matter and physical characteristics of clinical proton beams. It will provide information on proton delivery systems and beam delivery techniques for double scattering (DS), uniform scanning (US), and pencil beam scanning (PBS). The session covers the treatment planning strategies used in DS, US, and PBS for various anatomical sites, methods to address uncertainties in proton therapy and uncertainty mitigation to generate robust treatment plans. Challenges involved in the motion management in proton therapy will also be discussed. It will also include the methodology for proton beam dosimetry for clinical commissioning, beam calibration, and quality assurance checks. Learning Objectives: 1. Gain knowledge on physics, dosimetry, and treatment planning for proton therapy including intensity modulated proton therapy. 2. Be acquainted with the procedures involved in machine and patient treatment field specific QA. 3. Understand the uncertainties associated with proton therapy and currently used strategies for their mitigation in treatment planning.
AP-1 transcription factors: short- and long-term modulators of gene expression in the brain

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the regulation of AP-1 and related transcription factors followed by their role in brain injury and drug abuse-related behavior, two paradigms that contain acute and chronic components. The diversity of AP-1 and related complexes appears in a specific temporal and locational order. For rapid adjustment, induction of Fos with JunB forms a complex to respond to short-lived environmental stimuli. However, permanent or chronic alterations in the cellular environment require the persistent expression of long-term Fras to dimerize with Jun or the constitutively produced JunD to form AP-1 DNA-binding activity that regulates genes related to neuroplasticity. The cAMP-responsive element protein (CREB) and related proteins are involved in acute and chronic changes in neuronal gene expression either alone or by forming complexes with AP-1 proteins. Further complicating brain gene regulation is the function of MAF and Nrl transcription factors plus auxiliary proteins, such as CBP/p300, in the regulation of gene transcription in the brain.