cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetoelastic Force Feedback Sensors For Robots And Machine Tools

The objective of this paper is to describe the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC) Program for developing high performance, simple, rugged, cost effective magnetoelastic force feedback sensors for robots and machine tools. Recent advances in magnetoelastic materials technologies have paved the way for corresponding improvements in the state-of-the-art in force feedback sensors for robots and machine tools. Also, NSWC has designed magnetic circuits which are easily adapted to force feedback sensors. In this paper, magnetoelastic materials are described along with the properties that make them potentially such outstanding force feedback sensors. Following this, the Naval Surface Weapons Center Program is detailed including advances in materials research, in simple, low cost electronic and magnetic circuits, and designs for force feedback sensor modules. The results are in the public domain.
Commentary on the Comparative Effectiveness of Alternative Settings for Joint Replacement Rehabilitation

The comprehensive Joint Replacement Outcomes in Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities and Nursing Treatment Sites 1 and 2 studies presented in this issue of the Archives by DeJong and colleagues focus on an important issue facing U.S. rehabilitation today: the comparative effectiveness of alternative rehabilitation settings for the management of conditions such as joint replacement. Although there are hints in the data that patients receiving care in inpatient rehabilitation facilities compared with those treated in skilled nursing facilities may have slightly better recoveries of physical function, the evidence is weaker than for a number of other conditions. It is important to look beyond the question of which setting is best, toward gaining a deeper understanding of the elements within these settings that most enhance outcomes.
Field evaluation of a micro-extraction technique for measuring chlorophyll in lakewater without filtration

A recently described technique for measuring chlorophyll biomass in small water samples (Phinney and Yentsch, 1985) was evaluated on a set of lakes in northcentral Wisconsin. Since the new technique requires only 1.5 mL of unconcentrated lake water, it eliminates several steps and sources of error in the traditional protocol and it permits a very high degree of spatial precision for point estimates of chlorophyll concentration. For the midsummer plankton of six lakes (oligotrophic to mesotrophic), agreement between the new whole-water micro-extraction and the traditional filtered-sample techniques was quite good (r2 = 0.82 to 0.88) but recovery by the whole-water method was generally higher, perhaps because some plankton passed through the filters. Using unmodified, generally available instrumentation, limits of detection were about 0.3 µg Chl L−1in situ; and the literature suggests that these limits can be improved easily by a factor of three. Our results indicate that whole-water micro-extraction of chlorophyll is an acceptable technique to use for many lakes.
The effects of schooling and cognitive ability on smoking and marijuana use by young adults

Abstract The effects of schooling, cognitive ability, and time preference on the probability that young adults use or smoke marijuana are estimated. It is shown that schooling, cognitive ability, and time preference all affect the likelihood of smoking. Schooling and time preference have modest effects on the use of marijuana when past consumption is not taken into account. Data from the “High School and Beyond 1980: senior cohort third follow-up” report are used. [JEL I12]
Relationships between Pitch-Matching Accuracy, Speech Fundamental Frequency, Speech Range, Age, and Gender in American English-Speaking Preschool Children

This study is an investigation of the relationships among acoustical measurements of pitch-matching accuracy, speech fundamental frequency, speech frequency range, age, and gender in preschool chil...
Extent of Documented Adherence to Recommended Prenatal Care Content: Provider Site Differences and Effect on Outcomes Among Low-Income Women

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between prenatal care (PNC) provider site and the extent of documented adherence to recommended PNC content, and the relationship between adherence to recommended PNC content and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Illinois' Medical Assistance Program (MA). Utilizing the medical record, MA claims, and birth certificate data of 374 women who gave birth in 2003 and 2004 in four high-risk communities in Chicago, crude and adjusted analyses of the relationship between provider site and the extent of documented adherence to PNC content, and between adherence to PNC content and the incidence of low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) were conducted. The extent of documented adherence to recommended PNC content was measured from medical records as the percentage of 19 components of standard obstetrical practice that were delivered during pregnancy, converted to a three level categorical variable (low 50%, medium 50-79% and high 80% or greater). The majority of women had less than 80% of the recommended PNC content documented in their medical records. Among high-risk women, a greater proportion of women served by hospitals received care in which the extent of documented adherence was high (≥80%) compared to women served by physicians'offices (P < 0.05). Among low-risk women, a greater proportion of women served by FQHCs received care in which the extent of documented adherence was high compared to women served by hospitals (P < 0.10). Lower adherence to PNC content was significantly associated with LBW and PTB among women receiving prenatal care from physicians. Examination of the extent of adherence to recommended PNC content and its relationship to adverse pregnancy outcomes provides valuable data to inform potential interventions. In particular, a relationship between adherence to recommended PNC content and LBW and PTB among women receiving PNC at physicians' offices suggests the importance of increased quality assurance and provider education efforts.
Stabilization of Porous Glass Hyperfiltration Membranes by Aluminium Chloride Solution

Porous glass hyperfiltration membranes stabilization by aluminum chloride solution, noting retreatment need
School Consolidation in Sparsely Populated Rural Areas: A Separable Programming Approach

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal schooling economies and transportation costs with regard to consolidation of rural schools. The consolidation question was conceptualized as a programming problem where the objective was to simultaneously minimize the sum of schooling and transportation costs. Both linear and separable programming models were used. Model solutions indicated that some consolidation of schools in the study area would minimize costs but total cost savings were relatively small.
Ethnic Identity and Social-Cognitive Maturity in a Multicultural Group Experience

This study examined a multicultural group experience on students' (N= 94) ethnic identity development and social-cognitive maturity. Although no differences were identified between treatment and comparison group participants, group therapeutic factors scores were predictive of ethnic identity development and social-cognitive maturity. Implications for counselor educators and future research are discussed.
Two-step sequential reaction catalyzed by layer-by-layer assembled urease and arginase multilayers

Abstract Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly was used to build multi-component thin films containing polyions and enzymes: urease (Ur), and arginase (Ar). These multilayers were shown to participate catalytically in a two step sequential decomposition of l -arginine to urea and subsequently to ammonia. Deposition of multilayers was characterized with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The following enzyme monolayer stacking architectures were studied: (Ur/PDDA) n , (Ar/PDDA) n , (Ar/PDDA/Ur/PDDA) n , and (Ur/PDDA/Ar/PDDA) n , where n =1–4, PDDA and PSS are, respectively, poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride) and sodium poly(styrene sulphonate). The layer growth on gold electrode resonator was monitored with QCM and the catalytic activity of the enzyme multilayers was studied with UV–Vis spectroscopy, using a pH-sensitive dye (bromocresol purple). Dependence of film catalytic activity was studied as a function of position and number of the enzyme layers. The assembly with layer sequence {PDDA/PSS/PDDA+(Ur/PDDA/Ar/PDDA) 2 } showed the highest catalytic activity. The order of enzyme multilayers in this architecture corresponds to the two-step sequential reaction: l -arginine→urea→ammonia. The assembly was then fabricated on the tip of a commercial ammonia electrode and detection of l -arginine was demonstrated at physiologically significant concentrations.
Prenatal exposure to psychostimulants increases impulsivity, compulsivity, and motivation for rewards in adult mice

Given the widespread use and misuse of methamphetamine (METH) and methylphenidate (MPD), especially in relation to women of childbearing age, it is important to consider the long-lasting effects of these drugs on the brain of the developing fetus. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were prenatally exposed to METH (5mg/kg), MPD (10mg/kg), or saline. Following a 3-month washout, behavioral analysis using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task (5CSRTT) was performed on adult mice. After reaching training criteria, performance on a pseudo-random intertrial interval test session revealed decrements in 5CSRTT behavior. Prenatally-treated METH and MPD mice demonstrated significant increases in impulsivity, compulsivity, and motivation for reward compared to their saline controls. There were sex by drug interactions indicating a possible sexually dimorphic response to these prenatal drug exposures. Of particular clinical interest, we find that mice prenatally exposed to METH or MPD express characteristics of both inhibitory control decrements and heightened motivation for rewards, which represent core symptoms of addiction and other impulse control disorders.
Estimating recharge rates for qanat-based water supply in northern Cyprus: a case study using remotely sensed and in-situ data

The qanat water supply technology, by which gravity drains mountain aquifers into valleys, is considered as a culturally appropriate and ecological sustainable design to meet freshwater development needs in northern Cyprus. This work provides a first-order analysis of the surface water budget to estimate qanat feasibility. The proposed qanat recharge area of 370 km2 is in the upper elevations of the limestone dominated Five Finger Mountain Range, is analysed using technical data reports, field visits, and satellite elevation data. Satellite based tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) monthly rainfall totals at a 0.25° grid were tested for complementing sparse precipitation gauge data, but TRMM underestimated gauge observations by 43% in narrow zones of high rainfall during the wet winter months. A water budget for qanat supply used 30-year average gauge records within the qanat recharge region, which set annual precipitation at 529 mm year−1. A calibrated complementary relationship areal evapotranspi...
Purification of jack bean meal β-d-galactosidase by a new affinity adsorbent

Abstract A simple procedure has been developed for the purification of jack bean β- d -galactosidase (β- d -galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) by affinity chromatography employing a new affinity adsorbent. The ligand 6-N-β-(4- aminophenyl )- ethylamino -3-O-β- d -galactopyranosyl-6-deoxy- l -gulitol was prepared by the reaction between lactose and β-(4-aminophenyl)-ethylamine and was coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B via the amino groups of the 4-aminophenyl moiety. This affinity gel resulted in a 111-fold purification of β- d -galactosidase with a 64% recovery of the enzyme. With p- nitrophenyl -β- d - galactopyranoside as the substrate the apparent Km and V values were 0.59 mM and 1.87 μmol/min per mg, respectively. The method for purification of β- d -galactosidase may be applicable to other glycosidases depending upon the choice of specific di- or oligosaccharides of known structures to be used in the preparation of ligands.
Dynamic Analysis of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator with Temperature and ΔE Effect Accounted

Considering temperature variation and ΔE effect, the dynamic model of giant magnetostrictive actuator is established, meanwhile dynamic response of giant magnetostrictive actuator and relation between magnetic field and magnetization are discussed. The simulation indicates that the relation between magnetic field and magnetization is nolinear, and a loop appears. With the amplitude of magnetization increasing, nonlinearity and loop are more obvious, and the amplitude of response will increase. Under specific amplitude of magnetization, higher temperature will get larger amplitude of magnetic field. Compare above model with the model that ignored effect, it shows that the difference between their results decrease with the amplitude of magnetization increasing.
Neonatal hypertension: diagnosis and management

Hypertension in the term or preterm neonate may be seen in up to 2% of all infants cared for in the modern neonatal intensive care unit. Although the definition of hypertension in this age group has not been completely standardized, recent studies have provided new normative data that may be used to facilitate identification of such infants. Common causes of hypertension in neonates include thromboembolic events related to umbilical catheterization, congenital problems such as aortic coarctation, structural renal malformations and renovascular disease, as well as acquired renal disease and certain medications. A careful history and physical examination will usually identify the probable cause in most cases without the need for extensive laboratory or radiologic testing. Therapy of neonatal hypertension should be tailored to the severity of the blood pressure elevation, and to the underlying cause of hypertension as appropriate. A wide range of therapeutic agents are now available for management of neonatal hypertension in both the acute and chronic settings. In most cases hypertension will resolve, but some infants may require prolonged treatment.
Why travellers share information online: a model of trust, innovativeness and loyalty in Generation Y travellers

Online social network (OSN) websites are increasingly gaining attention from both researchers and practitioners as more and more people use OSN websites to express their opinions about products and services. Particularly for youth, OSN websites provide new avenues for self-expression, self-creation and connectivity. This rapid development of Web 2.0 has influenced tourism industry such that travellers share information about hospitality products and services through OSN websites. Since information sharing is the pivotal role of OSNs, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents and outcome of young travellers’ information sharing behaviours in OSN websites. Findings indicate that personal innovativeness and trust in service positively influence consumers’ information sharing behaviours in online contexts. Furthermore, the more information users share on social media, the more likely to stay loyal to the website.
Homologous and Nonhomologous Recombination Resulting in Deletion: Effects of p53 Status, Microhomology, and Repetitive DNA Length and Orientation

Repetitive DNA elements frequently are precursors to chromosomal deletions in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. However, little is known about the relationship between repeated sequences and deletion formation in mammalian cells. We have created a novel integrated plasmid-based recombination assay to investigate repeated sequence instability in human cells. In a control cell line, the presence of direct or inverted repeats did not appreciably influence the very low deletion frequencies (2 x 10(-7) to 9 x 10(-7)) in the region containing the repeat. Similar to what has been observed in lower eukaryotes, the majority of deletions resulted from the loss of the largest direct repeat present in the system along with the intervening sequence. Interestingly, in closely related cell lines that possess a mutant p53 gene, deletion frequencies in the control and direct-repeat plasmids were 40 to 300 times higher than in their wild-type counterparts. However, mutant p53 cells did not preferentially utilize the largest available homology in the formation of the deletion. Surprisingly, inverted repeats were approximately 10,000 times more unstable in all mutant p53 cells than in wild-type cells. Finally, several deletion junctions were marked by the addition of novel bases that were homologous to one of the preexisting DNA ends. Contrary to our expectations, only 6% of deletions in all cell lines could be classified as arising from nonhomologous recombination.
Evaluating email’s feasibility for botnet command and control

The usefulness of email has been tempered by its role in the widespread distribution of spam and malicious content. Security solutions have focused on filtering out malicious payloads and weblinks from email; the potential dangers of email go past these boundaries: harmless-looking emails can carry dangerous, hidden botnet content. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of email communication for botnet command and control. What makes email-based botnets interesting is the lack of clear detection and mitigation strategies that defenders could use to disrupt the botnet. We first demonstrate that botnet commands can remain hidden in spam due to its enormous volume. If email providers deploy specialized detection of spam-based botnets, botmasters can alternatively communicate with bots via non-spam email that cannot be safely discarded. We show the viability of such communication by means of simulations and a prototype, and we discuss the limited prospects for detection of email botnets.
System Errors in Intrapartum Electronic Fetal Monitoring: A Case Review

Intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) interpretation and management continue to be a common issue in litigation involving adverse outcomes in term pregnancies. This article uses a case study approach to illustrate system errors related to intrapartum EFM. Common system errors related to use of intrapartum EFM include knowledge deficits, communication failures, and fear of conflict. Strategies for reducing error and the promotion of a patient safety approach to risk management in EFM are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of a true team approach to EFM education, interpretation, and management.
The role of border traps in MOS high-temperature postirradiation annealing response

A very-long-term study of the response of nonradiation-hardened MOS transistors to elevated-temperature, postirradiation biased anneals has been performed. The midgap-voltage shift of these devices returns to approximately 0 V during a 2.75-year, +6 V 100 degrees C anneal, supporting the idea that in these devices interface traps and border traps (near-interfacial oxide traps which can exchange charge with the underlying Si) are charge-neutral at midgap. Subsequent switched-bias annealing reveals that a significant fraction of the radiation-induced trapped holes have not been removed from the device, but are compensated by electrons in border traps. These border traps can lead to large, reversible changes in midgap-voltage shifts and/or subthreshold stretchout during switched-bias anneals. Midgap-voltage and subthreshold-stretchout reversibility remains significant in these devices even after annealing at temperatures up to 350 degrees C. Similar reversibility in postirradiation response is observed for hardened transistors and capacitors. These results suggest that border traps may lead to increased reliability problems in some irradiated devices as compared to their unirradiated counterparts. >
Play in the Preschool Classroom: Its Socioemotional Significance and the Teacher’s Role in Play

The goals of this paper were two-fold. The first goal was to examine the emotional and social developmental value of play in the early childhood classroom. This issue is important because of the recent impetus for a more academic focus in early childhood classrooms, and questions about the developmental benefits of play. The second goal was to examine and discuss the role teachers could play in making play a developmental and educational experience. This is because understanding the significance of play could make teachers less apprehensive about using play to promote learning and development, and enable them answer questions regarding the value of play. Using these goals as a backdrop, this paper discussed views of children’s play; the defining characteristics of emotional and social development; play and the socioemotional development of children; and the role of early childhood teachers in children’s play.
Li12Si7: Theoretical Interest Aroused

The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 1424. DOI:10.1002/anie.198214240
Increased Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference After Physical Training in Coronary Heart Disease

A preliminary study of 12 male patients (mean age, 47.8 years) with coronary heart disease (six with angina pectoris and six with prior myocardial infarction but without angina) was conducted according to a common protocol in Seattle, Washington, and Louvain, Belgium. Maximal oxygen intake (Voo2 max) and hemodynamic studies at rest and at two or three levels of submaximal exercise in the upright position were obtained before and after a 3-month physical training program that involved three sessions of 45 min/week. "Voo2 max" increased 22.5% (P < 0.0001) with physical training. Changes in maximal heart rate occurred in the patients with angina (+8.4%) but not in those without angina (+0.8%). At rest and at each submaximal exercise, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and cardiac output decreased after training, whereas stroke volume was unchanged and arterio-mixed venous oxygen (A-Voo2) difference increased. The pressure-rate product and the left ventricular work decreased after training. The classic posttrai...
Models and scheduling mechanisms for global computing applications

Projects like SETI@home have demonstrated the tremendous capabilities of Internet-connected commodity resources. The rapid improvement of commodity components makes the global computing platform increasingly viable for other large-scale data and compute-intensive applications. In this paper, we study how global computing can accommodate new types of applications. We describe a global computing model that captures resource characteristics and instantiate this model with data from several surveys and studies. We propose performance metrics for global computing applications and evaluate two scheduling mechanisms in simulation. We then draw conclusions concerning the development and enhancement of global computing systems.
On the Observability of Oceanic Gyres

AbstractThis study examines the observability of a stratified ocean in a square flat basin on a midlatitude beta plane. Here, “observability” means the ability to establish, in a finite interval of time, the time-dependent ocean state given density observations over the same interval and with no regard for errors. The dynamics is linearized and hydrostatic, so that the motion can be decomposed into normal modes and the observability analysis is simplified. An observability Gramian (a symmetric matrix) is determined for the flows in an inviscid interior, in frictional boundary layers, and in a closed basin. Its properties are used to establish the condition for complete observability and to identify optimal data locations for each of these flows.It is found that complete observability of an oceanic interior in time-dependent Sverdrup balance requires that the observations originate from the westernmost location at each considered latitude. The degree of observability increases westward due to westward prop...
Low Complexity Turbo Detection of Coded Under-Determined MIMO Systems

The turbo detection of a coded under-determined multiple-input multiple-output (UD-MIMO) system is studied in this paper. A UD-MIMO system with $N$ transmit antennas and $M < N$ receive antennas has more unknowns than the observations. However, most existing low complexity detectors, such as the vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) or the block decision feedback equalizer (BDFE), work only when $M \geq N$. We propose a new turbo detector structure that combines the existing generalized parallel interference cancellation (GPIC) technique and a new generalized serial interference cancellation (GSIC) technique, with a soft-input soft-output (SISO) BDFE. In the first iteration, the GPIC-BDFE equalization is adopted. From the second iteration and beyond, due to the availability of the a priori soft information, the UD-MIMO system can be partitioned into multiple sub-systems by using a reliability-based partition scheme. Then, the GSIC-BDFE equalization, which has a much lower complexity than the GPIC-BDFE equalization, can be used. Simulation results show that the new detection scheme achieves significant performance gain as the iteration progresses with a reasonable complexity.
GRECC and the teaching nursing home: affiliated geriatric education for dental students

The authors thanks Dr. Thomas T. Yoshikawa. clinical director. Geriatric Research Educational Clinical Center; and medical director. Nursing Home Care Unit. VAMC. West Los Angeles; and professor, medicine. UCLA School of Medicine. for his guidance and support in the formation of the geriatric externship program and many of the concepts in this article.
Direct and latent modeling techniques for computing spoken document similarity

Document similarity measures are required for a variety of data organization and retrieval tasks including document clustering, document link detection, and query-by-example document retrieval. In this paper we examine existing and novel document similarity measures for use with spoken document collections processed with automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology. We compare direct vector space approaches using the cosine similarity measure applied to feature vectors constructed with various forms of term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) normalization against latent topic modeling approaches based on latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). In document link detection experiments on the Fisher Corpus, we find that an approach that applies bagging to models derived from LDA substantially outperforms the direct vector space approach.
The fine structure, potassium content, and respiratory activity of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells prepared by improved enzymatic techniques

Further modifications of the enzymatic technique for the preparation of isolated, intact, parenchymal cells from rat liver as previously described by this laboratory are presented together with a detailed account of several critical factors involved during the procedure. In addition, the fine structure of the cells as revealed by electron microscopy and the characteristics of their respiratory activity in different media and with several added substrates are described. It is shown that cells obtained by adding calcium during the preparative procedure retain approximately 34% more potassium than cells prepared solely in a calcium-free medium. The former cells also demonstrate a higher respiratory activity, which is not due to uncoupling of respiration. Electron microscopy reveals that the cells have an intact plasma membrane and well-preserved intracellular organelles. Glycogen particles are observed in all cells and are particularly abundant when either 20 mM pyruvate is added during the preparation or Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium is employed.
Design and development of novel miniaturized UHF RFID tags on ultra-low-cost paper-based substrates

In this paper, an overview of design requirements and novel approaches for improved performance UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. Two matching techniques, inductively coupled structure and serial stub structure are discussed. Different antenna configurations are proposed, focusing on low-profile, low polarization mismatch and high directivity. Paper substrates, that could potentially utilize inkjet printing techniques, are also investigated for the realization of ultra-low-cost RFID tags.
The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics

Despite the fact that most emerging diseases stem from the transmission of pathogenic agents from animals to humans, the factors that mediate this process are still ill defined. What is known, however, is that the interface between humans and animals is of paramount importance in the process. This review will discuss the importance of the human-animal interface to the disease emergence process. We also provide an overview of factors that are believed to contribute to the origin and global spread of emerging infectious diseases and offer suggestions that may serve as future prevention strategies, such as social mobilization, public health education, behavioral change, and communication strategies. Because there exists no comprehensive global surveillance system to monitor zoonotic disease emergence, the intervention measures discussed herein may prove effective temporary alternatives.
The Stigma of Obesity: Does Perceived Weight Discrimination Affect Identity and Physical Health?

Obesity is widely recognized as a health risk, but it also represents a disadvantaged social position. Viewing body weight within the framework of stigma and its effects on life chances, we examine how perceived weight-based discrimination influences identity and physical health. Using national survey data with a 10-year longitudinal follow-up, we consider whether perceptions of weight discrimination shape weight perceptions, whether perceived weight discrimination exacerbates the health risks of obesity, and whether weight perceptions are the mechanism explaining why perceived weight discrimination is damaging to health. Perceived weight discrimination is found to be harmful, increasing the health risks of obesity associated with functional disability and, to a lesser degree, self-rated health. Findings also reveal that weight-based stigma shapes weight perceptions, which mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and health.
Technology supported learning applied to an innovative, integrated curriculum for first-year engineering majors

In September of 1998, the College of Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth piloted an innovative, integrated, first year curriculum. It dramatically changed 31 credits across two semesters. Preliminary assessment data was very encouraging after the first semester of operation and the college of engineering adopted a modified program for most freshman, engineering students in the Fall of 1999. The paper outlines teaching and learning pedagogy and technology strategies that brought the new curriculum efficiently into being and helped to assure its success. The new program at UMD includes: integrating the introductory sequences in physics, calculus, and engineering; teaching and using teamwork among students and faculty using a specially designed technology oriented studio classroom; using active and cooperative learning methods; encouraging formation of a learning community of students by block-scheduling classes and grouping students in dorms; reducing the cost of delivering courses by making more efficient use of instructional time; using careful assessment to evaluate performance. The paper outlines the curriculum, teaching methodology, innovative technologies used in the new integrated curriculum and program assessment.
Thinking of Things Unseen: Infants' Use of Language to Update Mental Representations

One of the most distinctive characteristics of humans is the capacity to learn from what other people tell them. Often new information is provided about an entity that is not present, requiring incorporation of that information into one's mental representation of the absent object. Here we present evidence regarding the emergence of this vital ability. Nineteen- and 22-month-old infants first learned a name for a toy and later were told that the toy had undergone a change in state (it had become wet) while out of view. The 22-month-olds (but not the 19-month-olds) subsequently identified the toy solely on the basis of the property that they were told about but had never seen. Thus, before the end of their 2nd year, infants can use verbal information to update their representation of an absent object. This developmental advance inaugurates a uniquely human and immensely powerful form of learning about the world.
Negative Life Experiences Negative Life Experiences, Depression, and Immune Function in Abused and Nonabused Women

Abuse of women by their intimate partner is a staggering national problem. Abused women have a higher number of medically unexplained somatic symptoms, more functional disability, a lower self-rating of general health, and higher health care utilization when compared to nonabused women. The authors' purpose in this study was to examine differences in occurrences of negative life experiences, level of depression, and T-cell function between abused and nonabused women. The sample consisted of abused women (n = 12) and nonabused women (n = 12). Hypotheses tested were (1) abused women will have more negative life experiences than nonabused women, (2) abused women will have higher levels of depression than nonabused women, and (3) abused women will have reduced T-cell function compared to nonabused women. A cross-sectional cohort design was used to compare differences in negative life experiences, levels of depression, and T-cell function. Independent sample t-tests were performed comparing the abused versus nonabused women on the dependent measures. Significant differences were found between the groups for negative life experiences (LES; t = 2.29, p < 0.05), level of depression (BDI; t = 3.48, p < 0.01), and T-cell function (TMR; t = -5.62, p < 0.01). These findings are descriptive and do not establish causal links. However, this is an inquiry into the psychological and biobehavioral responses of women experiencing abuse and their potential health problems. The study shows that abused women reported more negative life experiences, experienced higher levels of depression, and experienced lower T-cell function when compared with nonabused women.
The Measurement of Boundary Layers on a Compressor Blade in Cascade: Part 3—Pressure Surface Boundary Layers and the Near Wake

A one-component laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) has been used to measure the two-dimensional periodic flow field about a double circular arc, compressor blade in cascade. Eleven boundary layer profiles were taken on both the pressure and suction surfaces of the blade, and two profiles were taken in the near wake. In this part of the study, the detailed LDV studies are described. The measurements indicate that the onset of transition occurs near 60 percent chord. The lack of a logarithmic region in the data measured at 97.9 percent chord indicates that transition is not complete. The thin laminar boundary layers near the leading edge led to some measurement problems, characterized by large turbulence intensities, in using the LDV.
Factors associated with radiation therapy incompletion for patients with early-stage breast cancer

The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with adjuvant radiation treatment (RT) incompletion for women with breast cancer within a large national cancer database. We identified 394,334 women diagnosed with stage I–III breast cancer during 2004–2012 in the national cancer database who initiated adjuvant external beam adjuvant RT and examined the proportion of women not completing treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine patient, clinical, and facility factors associated with RT incompletion for those who had breast-conserving surgery (BCS), defined as <15 fractions and <3990 centiGray [cGy] (accounting for adoption of hypofractionation), and mastectomy (PMRT, defined as <5000 cGy and <25 fractions), separately. We also examined RT incompletion after BCS using more traditional definitions of <25 fractions and <4500 cGy for diagnosis years ≤2010. Among the 319,003 women who underwent BCS and the 75,331 women who underwent mastectomy and initiated RT, 98.4 and 97.8 % completed radiation, respectively. In adjusted analyses, older age was associated with RT incompletion (odds ratio [O.R.] for age ≥80 = 2.53 for BCS-treated, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.19–2.92; O.R. for PMRT incompletion = 2.33, 95 % CI 1.84–2.96; both versus age <50). In addition, those with ≥2 comorbidities and lower-risk disease had higher odds of RT incompletion. After defining RT completion using more traditional definitions, 94.0 % completed treatment. Reassuringly, we found a very low proportion of patients not completing RT, though we observed a higher likelihood for treatment incompletion in some sub-groups, most notably older women. Further studies should focus on reasons for treatment discontinuation in populations at risk for suboptimal treatment.
Literature review on calibration of building energy simulation programs : Uses, problems, procedures, uncertainty, and tools

Calibrated simulation is the process of using an existing building simulation computer program and tuning or calibrating the various inputs to the program so that observed energy use matches closely with that predicted by the simulation program. The two primary reasons for adopting this approach is that it allows (1) more reliable identification of energy savings and demand-reduction measures (involving equipment, operation, and/or control changes) in an existing building and (2) increased confidence in the monitoring and verification process once these measures are implemented. Historically, the calibration process has been an art form that inevitably relies on user knowledge, past experience, statistical expertise, engineeringjudgment, and an abundance of trial and error. Despite widespread interest in the professional community, unfortunately no consensus guidelines have been published on how to perform a simulated calibration using detailed simulation programs. ASHRAE initiated a research project (RP-1051) intended to cull the best tools, techniques, approaches, and procedures from the existing body of research and develop a coherent and systematic calibration methodology that includes both parameter estimation and determination of the uncertainty in the calibrated simulation. This paper provides a pertinent and detailed literature review of calibrated simulation techniques, describing their strengths, weaknesses, and applicability, thus serving as a precursor to reporting the results of the research project in subsequent papers.
The Composition and Output of Foreign Trade Zones from 1979 to 1995: A Longitudinal Analysis

This paper evaluates the output and production of U.S. Foreign Trade Zones from 1979 to 1995. The report includes merchandise received into the zones, both foreign and domestic, total shipments out of the zones, both domestic and exports, total net imports, total net exports and the export ratio. Three year moving averages are used to smooth trend lines. The ten most frequently received goods into the zones are given for 1984 (the first year it was tracked) to 1995. Zone activity is also reported.
An Evaluation of Chitinase Inhibitors, Psammaplin A and Pentoxifylline, Treated Diets against the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Abstract Psammaplin A and pentoxifylline, two chitinolytic enzyme inhibitors, were evaluated for their palatability, feeding deterrence, consumption, and subsequent mortality against the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Psammaplin A and pentoxifylline were incorporated into filter paper diets at 0.0375, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.3%, and 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.21% active ingredient (w/w), respectively. The treated filter papers served as food source or bait for termite workers used in this study. No-choice and two-choice feeding bioassays assessed bait consumption, palatability, repellency, and biological activity over a period of 1 - 5 wk (no-choice assay) and 3 - 5 wk (two-choice assay) of feeding. Neither psammaplin A nor pentoxifylline treatment repelled eastern subterranean termite diet consumption (in both nochoice and two-choice feeding arenas) as feeding commenced on both diet types within 48 h. In no-choice feeding tests, diet consumption was significantly decreased ...
Influences of Radiology Trainees on Screening Mammography Interpretation.

Abstract Purpose Participation of radiology trainees in screening mammographic interpretation is a critical component of radiology residency and fellowship training. The aim of this study was to investigate and quantify the effects of trainee involvement on screening mammographic interpretation and diagnostic outcomes. Methods Screening mammograms interpreted at an academic medical center by six dedicated breast imagers over a three-year period were identified, with cases interpreted by an attending radiologist alone or in conjunction with a trainee. Trainees included radiology residents, breast imaging fellows, and fellows from other radiology subspecialties during breast imaging rotations. Trainee participation, patient variables, results of diagnostic evaluations, and pathology were recorded. Results A total of 47,914 mammograms from 34,867 patients were included, with an overall recall rate for attending radiologists reading alone of 14.7% compared with 18.0% when involving a trainee ( P P = .517). When reading with a trainee, dense breasts represented a greater portion of recalls ( P = .0001), and more frequently, greater than one abnormality was described in the breast ( P = .013). Detection of ductal carcinoma in situ versus invasive carcinoma or invasive cancer type was not significantly different. The mean size of cancers in patients recalled by attending radiologists alone was smaller, and nodal involvement was less frequent, though not statistically significantly. Conclusions These results demonstrate a significant overall increase in recall rate when interpreting screening mammograms with radiology trainees, with no change in cancer detection rate. Radiology faculty members should be aware of this potentiality and mitigate tendencies toward greater false positives.
Special Education Directors’ Views of Community-Based Vocational Instruction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of special education directors toward community-based vocational instruction (CBVI). Participants included a non-proportional random sample of 47 directors from one state who completed an online or paper-based survey. Independent variables were directors’ years of experience, geographic location, whether the district provided CBVI in the summer, and the curriculum of students who participated in CBVI. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics along with a content analysis of open-ended questions. Results indicate that respondents support the use of CBVI and experience few barriers to implementation. Insufficient staff and inadequate public transportation were the highest rated barriers. Views regarding the intensity with which CBVI should be provided and the age and types of students who should receive CBVI differed from practices recommended in the field. Significant group findings were evident for the variables of years of expe...
Cognitive function in adults aging with fabry disease: a case-control feasibility study using telephone-based assessments.

We examined the feasibility of recruiting US adults ≥45 years old with Fabry disease (FD) for telephone assessments of cognitive functioning. A case–control design matched each FD participant on age, sex, race, and education to four participants from a population-based study. Fifty-four participants with FD age 46–72 years were matched to 216 controls. Standardized cognitive assessments, quality of life (QOL), and medical histories were obtained by phone, supplemented by objective indices of comorbidities. Normalized scores on six cognitive tasks were calculated. On the individual tasks, scores on list recall and semantic fluency were significantly lower among FD participants (p-values < 0.05), while scores on the other four tasks did not differ. After averaging each participant’s normalized scores to form a cognitive composite, we examined group differences in composite scores, before and after adjusting for multiple covariates using generalized estimating equations. The composite scores of FD cases were marginally lower than controls before covariate adjustments (p = 0.08). QOL and mental health variables substantially attenuated this finding (p = 0.75), highlighting the influence of these factors on cognition in FD. Additional adjustment for cardiovascular comorbidities, kidney function, and stroke had negligible impact, despite higher prevalence in the FD sample. Telephone-based cognitive assessment methods are feasible among adults with FD, affording access to a geographically dispersed sample. Although decrements in discrete cognitive domains were observed, the overall cognitive function of older adults with FD was equivalent to that of well-matched controls before and after accounting for multiple confounding variables.
The Organization of Human Language Cortex: Special Adaptation or Common Cortical Design?

Understanding the neural basis of language is one of the oldest and most difficult pursuits in neuroscience. Despite decades of accumulated data on aphasic subjects with cortical damage, we still know relatively little of how language functions are represented within the neural circuitry of the brain. A major issue of debate is whether language is a species-specific adaptation built into the neocortex, or a by-product of neocortical expansion. Cognitive studies emphasizing the universal nature of language abilities, the consistencies of language structure, and the consistent time course of language development have all indicated that language abilities are innate and must be built into the brain by evolutionary forces. Comparative studies of primates are equivocal since we have little evidence indicating that primate communication is homologous to human language systems. Much of this confusion is related to a lack of information regarding the neural basis of human communication. Recent anatomical data fro...
Reconstruction of the Automation Control System of a Sintering Machine

The sintering process and requirements of the process to the automation system are presented. It emphasizes the process characteristics, allocation, ardware structure and main functions of the reconstructed electric control system of No.3 sintering machine of No.2 Sintering Plant of Maanshan Iron Steel Co. Ltd.
Drug Therapy of Anxiety

Sedatives have been used as antianxiety agents since the mid-1800s, when the action of the bromide ion on the central nervous system was recognized. Long-acting sedatives, such as phenobarbital and the benzodiazepines, currently are preferred because of their less intense, more constant effect and reduced risk of abuse as compared with the short-acting drugs.
The link between employee attitudes and employee effectiveness: Data matrix of meta-analytic estimates based on 1161 unique correlations.

This article offers a correlation matrix of meta-analytic estimates between various employee job attitudes (i.e., Employee engagement, job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment) and indicators of employee effectiveness (i.e., Focal performance, contextual performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism). The meta-analytic correlations in the matrix are based on over 1100 individual studies representing over 340,000 employees. Data was collected worldwide via employee self-report surveys. Structural path analyses based on the matrix, and the interpretation of the data, can be found in “Investigating the incremental validity of employee engagement in the prediction of employee effectiveness: a meta-analytic path analysis” (Mackay et al., 2016) [1].