cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of oxygen on 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase of the kynurenine pathway.

Abstract Iron containing 3-Hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (3HAO) converts 3-hydroxyanthranilate (3HAA) and dioxygen into a precursor which spontaneously converts to quinolinic acid (QA). 3HAO participates in de novo biosynthesis of NAD in mammalian kidney and liver, and it is present in low concentrations in brain where its function is controversial. However, QA increases in spinal fluid and is associated with convulsions in AIDS dementia, Huntington’s disease, and CNS inflammation. QA is a known N -methyl, D -aspartate receptor agonist and excitotoxin that causes convulsions when injected into the brain. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) also causes convulsions and we investigated the interrelationships among the stimulating and toxic effects of oxygen and the role of iron in vitro using rat liver enzyme which is reported to be identical to brain enzyme and is more abundant. 3HAO requires dioxygen as a substrate but it was inactivated approximately 40% by 5.2 atm HBO in vitro in 15 min. The apparent K m was 2.6 × 10 −4 M for oxygen and 5 × 10 −5 M for 3HAA, and these values did not change for enzyme that was half-inactivated by HBO oxygen. Thus, oxygen-inactivation appears to be all-or-none for individual enzyme molecules. Freshly prepared enzyme was activated about 3-fold by incubation with acidic iron. Iron-staining of 3HAO, separated by gel electrophoresis after partial purification by FPLC, showed that loss of iron and loss of enzyme activity during HBO exposure were correlated. The apparent oxygen K m of 3HAO is far higher than the oxygen concentration in brain cells. Thus, 3HAO is capable of being stimulated initially in animals breathing HBO, and subsequently of being inactivated with potential significance for brain QA and convulsions.
Enterprise trends and opportunities in the age of semantic computing

There is increasing awareness within enterprises of the many opportunities becoming available through adoption of emerging technologies and tools that utilize machine intelligence. A transition from reliance on conventional technologies and legacy data stores to more knowledge oriented semantic computing capabilities that make use of natural language processing and text analytics, video analytics, ontologies, reasoners, machine learning, Big Data and graph data stores is beginning to occur. Does this signal the beginning of a major shift in enterprise computing? What are some of these evolving trends and business opportunities? What are some of the major enterprise pain points that semantic computing can help to mitigate? How can enterprises best position themselves for successful deployment of these technologies to maximize business value? How is the financial industry embracing semantic computing?
938 COLOSTRAL CELL (CC) LYMPHOKINE STIMULATION NEONATAL MONONUCLEAR CELL (MC) NATURAL KILLER CYTOTOXICITY (NKC) TO HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) INFECTED CELLS

NKC is an important antiviral defense mechanism. Neonates have low NKC to HSV infected cells. Human blood MC cultured for 18 hr. with HSV infected cells produced a lymphokine which stimulated adult MC-NKC from 53.0 ± 10.5% to 79.8 ± 12.8%, (p<.01)in an 18 hr. 51Cr release assay against HSV infected target cells. This resulted in a calculated lymphokine-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity (LDCC) of 65.8%. No active lymphokine was produced in the presence of uninfected cells. LDCC lymphokine production was independent of MC donor HSV serology. Cells from colostrum of most (8/10) women also produced an HSV stimulated lymphokine which mediated adult MC-LDCC (19.6 ± 4.2%) and was greater (p<.05) than matched MC lymphokine activity (6.7 ±2.6%) from these women. CC lymphokine production was also independent of donor HSV serology. Similarly, most (10/13) CC lymphokine cultures could stimulate neonatal MC-LDCC (17.4 ± 11.1%) as well as adult MC-LDCC. Colostral cell stimulation of neonatal NKC by LDCC may account for the increased non specific resistance of breast fed infants to viral infection. Supported by NIH grants 1 P01HD 13021 and Al 14450
A 64-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes.

Dr Delbanco: Mr D is a 64-year-old married man who is now a media announcer after a career as a salesman. He has long-standing diabetes mellitus, first diagnosed when he was 38 years old. He has private health insurance through a managed care plan and receives ongoing care from Dr S, a general internist in a suburban community near Boston. A man who has enjoyed competitive tennis all his life, Mr D is 6 ft (180 cm) tall and has maintained a steady weight of about 178 lb (80 kg). There is a distant smoking history of about 20 pack-years; he has not smoked since 1970. He has 1 or 2 alcoholic beverages daily; there is no history of alcohol or drug abuse. He has no family history of diabetes mellitus. He continues to play tennis at least 3 times a week for 2 to 3 hours and enjoys horseback
Strain Model for Ni-Mn-Ga With Collinear Field and Stress

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys in the Ni-Mn-Ga system exhibit large reversible deformations of up to 9.5% in response to magnetic fields. Prior experimental measurements by the authors demonstrated large reversible strains of −0.41% along the [001] crystal direction of a cylindrical Ni50 Mn28.7 Ga21.3 rod driven with a magnetic field along the same direction and no external restoring force. This represents an unusual configuration which can lead to solenoid transducers with enhanced energy density and bandwidth relative to standard electromagnet devices. The paper builds on a previous thermodynamic framework which accurately quantifies several reversible and irreversible effects in the polarization of ferroic materials. The switching between two variant orientations in the presence of Zeeman energy and pinning energy is formulated through a Gibbs energy functional for the crystal lattice. The presence of nonhomogeneous local interaction fields, nonhomogeneous pinning distributions, and complex crystallographic features in real Ni-Mn-Ga alloys is addressed through stochastic homogenization techniques. Attributes of the model are illustrated through comparison of model results with experimental data.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The toxicogenic potential of medical plastics sterilized with ethylene oxide vapors

Ethylene oxide appears to be an ideal sterilant for many heat-sensitive items, but there are a number of disadvantages which require caution in its usage. Ethylene oxide has some deleterious effects on certain plastics and rubber. In particular, it acts as a solvent on such acrylic plastics as Lucite and Plexiglas, and it will attack the plasticizers found in many flexible medical-grade tubing formulations. Perhaps more significant is the fact that this sterilant can produce some serious toxic manifestations when medical plastics are not properly degassed. This paper reviews some of the toxicities already reported in the medical literature and also presents new data on the hemolysis liability of many gassterilized pharmaceutical plastics. Both human blood hemolysis studies and cell culture data on 18 different polymers suggest that plasticized vinyl plastics have the highest toxicogenic potential. Experimental data presented on the solubility and partial pressure of ethylene oxide in a homologous series of phthalic acid esters indicate that the structure and concentration of plasticizers play a major role in the selection of the most effective degassing procedures to be used following ethylene oxide sterilization.
New algorithms for function minimization

A new class of algorithms for function minimization is presented. The new algorithm are based upon homogeneous functions rather than quadratic models. A consequence of this is that (n+2) step convergence is obtained on homogeneous functions. Preliminary numerical tests indicate that, on general functions, the algorithm is superior to the well known Fletcher and Powell method.
Sonar Inside Your Body: Prototyping Ultrasonic Intra-body Sensor Networks

Biomedical systems of implanted miniaturized sen- sors and actuators interconnected into an intra-body area net- work could enable revolutionary healthcare and clinical applica- tions. Given the well-understood limitations of radio frequency (RF) propagation in the human body, in our previous work we investigated the use of ultrasonic waves as an alternative physical carrier of information (1), and proposed Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB), an ultrasonic multipath-resilient integrated physical and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol (2). In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a software-defined testbed architecture for ultrasonic intra-body area networks, and propose the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of ultrasonic communications in biological tissues. We first discuss in detail our FPGA-based prototype implementation of UsWB. We then demonstrate how the prototype can flexibly trade performance off for power consumption, and achieve, for bit error rates (BER) no higher than 10 6 , either (i) high-data rate transmissions up to 700 kbit=s at a transmit power of -14 dBm ( 40 W), or (ii) low-data rate and lower-power transmissions down to -21dBm ( 8 W) at 70kbit=s. Finally, we show how the UsWB MAC protocol allows multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to coexist and dynamically adapt the transmission rate according to channel and interference conditions to maximize throughput while satisfying predefined reliability constraints.
Tourism and Remote Mountain Settlements: Spatial and Temporal Development of Tourist Infrastructure in the Mt Everest Region, Nepal

More than three decades of tourism in the remote mountain communities of the Everest region in the Nepalese Himalaya have transformed the shape, size and functions of traditional human settlements. Tourism-induced demands for accommodation have not only resulted in significant housing constructions, but traditional family dwellings have been converted into modern tourist accommodations as well. The growth of settlements and housing styles follow a pattern dictated by the mobility of tourists and their needs rather than the traditional functions of a rural settlement. Five major types of settlement, defined by their development stages, size and function, can be identified. These settlements have gone through several transitions, for example, from a herding village to seasonal tourist centres and into permanent settlements. This paper discusses the spatial and temporal effects of tourism on settlement development patterns and processes in the Everest region of Nepal. It contributes to the understanding of s...
Integrable miniaturized folded antennas for RFID applications

Low cost, low profile, and miniaturized size are the most critical factors needed to consider in the design of antennas for RFID applications. We present two simple folded structures based on integrable packaging processes. The first one is a 3D folded patch implemented on LTCC multilayer technology while the second is a printed folded strip antenna fabricated on RT/Duroid board. The dimensions of the folded patch antenna are approximately /spl lambda//sub 0//16/spl times//spl lambda//sub 0//16 and the maximum length of the folded strip is less than /spl lambda//sub 0//10. Both antennas have a peak gain of 0 dBi.
FollowMe: enhancing mobile applications with open infrastructure sensing

Despite context-rich smartphone applications being adopted at an unprecedented rate, few use the data produced by the numerous cameras and microphones on walls and other fixed infrastructure. We present a system design called FollowMe aimed at letting mobile applications use these sensors for richer context and better applications. We discuss the benefits of such a system and the new applications it can support. We then describe the key challenges, including establishing relationships between users and sensors that meet the privacy and security requirements of different settings (e.g., a bedroom vs. a public park) with minimal setup overhead, and improving awareness of and control over how data about a person is used by other people.
Techniques in facial reanimation—upper eyelid and eyebrow

Upper eyelid and eyebrow position may both be affected by facial nerve paralysis due to innervation of the frontalis and orbicularis muscles by branches of the facial nerve. The two are interconnected and function as a complex; consequently, brow position has mechanical effects on eyelid position. For example, descent and deflation of tissues may lead to brow ptosis, exacerbating underlying dermatochalasis, or eyelid ptosis. In cases of facial nerve paralysis, management of eyebrow ptosis should be weighed against underlying lagophthalmos due to weakness of eyelid closure, and brow elevation be titrated so as not to worsen underlying lagophthalmos.
Phase transformation in the oxides

This paper reviews phase transformations in the oxides, and briefly examines the similarities and dissimilarities with the phase transitions in metals. A few topics selected for the discussion, include, displacive phase transitions, order-disorder transitions, and clustering and precipitation. The displacive transition involves the oxygen polyhedra, and is usually found in ferroelectric and antiferroelectric oxides, such as, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, PbZrO3, and other oxides of perovskite structure. In lattice dynamics studies, this transition has been associated with an instability of a long-wave optical phonon. The condensation of the ferroelectric soft mode causes the static distortion of the lattice at the phase transition. The order-disorder transformation in the oxides may occur in different forms. It may be the hydrogen ordering in KDP, the catio distributions in spinel MgFe2O4,the Li-Fe ordering of the octahedral sites in LiFe5O8, or the formations of layer structures in the double perovskites, such as Ba2CoWO6, Ba2CoReO6, and others. Clustering and precipitations are commonly observed phenomena in oxide systems. They result in phase separations in both the crystalline, and the glassy systems. Heat treatments to control the crystallization processes in glasses result in glass ceramics, which have been proven to be superior to both the original glass, and to the precipitated crystalline phase.
The recycling of marine carbonates and sources of HIMU and FOZO ocean island basalts

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Many, and perhaps all, oceanic island basalts (OIB) clearly contain a component of crustal materials that have been returned to the mantle through subduction or other processes. One of the first recycled materials to be identified as a potential source of OIB was mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), and this was later fine-tuned as having a long time-integrated (b.y.) high U/Pb ratio or high μ (HIMU) and producing OIB with the most radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb>20). However, it is becoming more evident that the compositional connection between subducted MORB and HIMU basalts is problematic. As an alternative hypothesis, a small amount (a few %) of recycled Archaean marine carbonates (primarily CaCO3) is proposed to be the main source of the distinct 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic and major-trace element compositions of classic HIMU and post-Archaean marine carbonates for younger HIMU or the so-called FOZO mantle source. As an extension of the hypothesis, a conceptual model that combines the separate evolutionary histories of ancient oceanic lithosphere, which is the source of OIB, and upper mantle, which is the source of MORB, is also proposed. The model claims that FOZO mainly consists of the lithospheric mantle portion of the ancient metamorphosed oceanic slabs that have accumulated in the deep mantle. Such an ultramafic source is geochemically depleted due to prior extraction of basaltic melt plus removal of the enriched subduction component from the slab through dehydration and metamorphic processes. Combined with other proposed models in the literature, the conceptual model can provide reasonable solutions for the 208Pb/204Pb, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 3He/4He isotopic paradoxes or complexities of oceanic lavas. Although these simultaneous solutions for individual paradoxes are qualitative and non-unique, these are unified under a single, marine carbonate recycling hypothesis.
Fog and Rime on January 27–28

THE great fog which enveloped the neighbourhood of London as well as a large part of England on January 27 and 28 was remarkable in rural and outer-suburban districts for the beautiful decking of the trees, even the tallest elms, with a great thickness of rime.
cIAP1 Cooperatively Inhibits Procaspase-3 Activation by the Caspase-9 Apoptosome *

Although early studies of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) suggested that cIAP1 directly binds and inhibits caspases similarly to X-linked IAP (XIAP), a recent one found that micromolar concentrations of cIAP1 only weakly inhibit caspase-3, -7, or -9. Here, we show that cIAP1 specifically and cooperatively blocks the cytochrome c-dependent apoptosome in vitro. Hence, cIAP1 prevented the activation of procaspase-3 but had no effect on the processing of procaspase-9 or the activity of prior activated caspase-3. Like cIAP1, XIAP had no effect on procaspase-9 processing and was a more potent inhibitor of procaspase-3 activation than of already activated caspase-3 activity. Inhibition of procaspase-3 activation depended on BIR2 and BIR3 of cIAP1 and was independent of BIR1, RING, CARD, and UBA domains. Smac prevented cIAP1 from inhibiting procaspase-3 activation and reversed the inhibition by prior addition of cIAP1. A procaspase-9 mutant (D315A) that cannot produce the p12 subunit was resistant to inhibition by cIAP1. Therefore, the N-terminal Ala-Thr-Pro-Phe motif of the p12 subunit of the caspase-9 apoptosome facilitates apoptosome blockade. Consequently, cIAP1 cooperatively interacts with oligomerized processed caspase-9 in the apoptosome and blocks procaspase-3 activation.
Phosphorus–Algal Bloom Relationships in Large Lakes of South Florida: Implications for Establishing Nutrient Criteria

ABSTRACT A simple cross-tabulation procedure was used to examine the relationship between total phosphorus (TP) concentration and algal bloom frequencies, based on chlorophyll a (Chl a), in seven large south Florida lakes. Monthly data from 1995–2000 were sorted by lake and TP concentration. For each lake, the sorted data were sub-divided into five intervals of equal sample size, and the frequency of occurrence of Chl a >20, 40, and 60 μg L−1 was determined and plotted against the median TP in each interval. “Critical” TP concentrations, at which there was a rapid increase in bloom frequency, were examined by visual inspection of these plots. There was considerable variation among lakes in regard to relationship of bloom frequency to TP. For Chl a >20 μg L−1, a rapid rise in frequency occurred at TP ranging from below 30 to greater than 40 μg L−1. For Chl a >40 μg L−1, a rapid rise in frequency began at TP concentrations ranging from 40 to above 70 μg L−1. The variation between lakes was not related to la...
Methylation Analysis of Cell Cycle Control Genes in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Central to many cancers is the aberrant expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle including the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors known as p15INK4b and p16INK4a, p14ARF and the retinoblastoma (RB) protein. We performed a detailed analysis of the methylation status of these genes by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in tumor cells of 35 adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients. We found in nine of 35 cases (26%) at least one gene methylated. The frequency of p15INK4b methylation was 7 of 35 (20%). The incidence of methylation of p14ARF and p16INK4a was two of 35 (6%) and one of 35 (3%), respectively. The RB gene was not found to be methylated in any of the ATL samples. The data indicate that inactivation of these cell cycle regulatory genes by hypermethylation is important in the development of ATL.
A Developmental, Interactive Activation Model of the Word Superiority Effect.

Abstract Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of reading developed out of an appreciation of the role that context plays in letter and word perception. Adult readers can more accurately identify letters in a word than alone or in other random display contexts, a phenomenon known as the Word Superiority Effect (WSE). We examined the effects of orthographic context on the letter recognition skills of dyslexic children, comparing their performance to adults, and chronological- and reading-age matched groups. Consistent with previous studies, results showed adults better able to identify letters in the context of words and pseudowords than in random letter strings. Young normal readers demonstrated the WSE, but their pseudoword advantage was less than adults. The dyslexic children showed no WSE at all. PDP computer simulations for the experimental data using the Interactive Activation model (IA) suggested that the orthographic components of the lexical system of normal children are interactive and distributed as they are in adults but provide less bottom-up activation. In addition, topdown processing increases with age and reading skill, but may be absent for dyslexic readers.
Synthesis of soluble polyarylenes containing alternating 4,4′-(1,1′-binaphthyl) and 4,4′-(3,3′-diphenyl)biphenyl structural units

The synthesis and Ni(0) catalyzed homocoupling polymerization of 4,4′-bis[5-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)-2-biphenylyl]-1, 1′-binaphthyl (9) are described. This polymerization reaction produces a soluble polyarylene containing alternating 4,4′-(1,1′-binaphthyl) and 4,4′-(3,3′-diphenyl)biphenyl structural units.
Evaluating Acquiescence to Yes-No Questions in Fear Assessment of Children With and Without Mental Retardation

The study examined the acquiescence response set (ARS) to yes–no questions in fear survey assessment of 75 children with mental retardation (ages 10–13 years) and 240 children without mental retardation (ages 6–13 years). The items used to assess the ARS were 10 stimuli, as part of a fear survey, with design features that are consistent with ARS assessment recommendations made by Finlay, W. M. L., and Lyons, E. (2002, Mental Retardation 40:14–29). In contrast to findings of seminal ARS studies by Sigelman and colleagues, the main finding was that there were no significant cognitive group differences in ARS scores. Additionally, for children with mental retardation, there was no significant relationship between IQ and ARS scores (r = −.16).Implications of the study are discussed.
Drug discovery: Combichem all over again

The generation of chemical libraries for screening is a key part of the drug discovery process. Now, two studies describe attempts to combine features of natural product biosynthesis into the creation of libraries with the aim of mimicking nature's success at the production of bioactive molecules.
Faceted classification of manufacturing processes for sustainability performance evaluation

Sustainability characterization of manufacturing processes is key to the inventory data development for life cycle analysis of products and processes in manufacturing industries. The ability of an organization to compare and contrast this sustainability performance in a variety of manufacturing process categories is crucial for purposes of evaluating and improving the process performance or doing tradeoff analysis for dealing with suboptimal performance. In suchasituation,itisnecessarytoabstractthis informationinto broader, aggregated, and consistent viewpoints such that sim- ilarities and contrasts in sustainability performance are visu- ally deliberated. For developing such a visual system, the abstracted viewpoint should be transformed to a process clas- sification scheme. A faceted approach to manufacturing pro- cess classifications has been proposed in this work for this purpose. We developed a visual interface to navigate the process classification scheme. We also provide a means by which dynamic hierarchical taxonomies can be generated by ranking the abstracted viewpoints called facets and classifiers.
Unmanned Surface Vehicles as Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Tools

The monitoring of coastal and estuarine waters is hampered by the spatial and temporal restrictions inherent in gathering discrete samples and transporting them to a laboratory for testing. The development of in situ instrumentation now makes possible the collection of real-time data, and with the incorporation of remotely operated vehicles a much greater data density on both a temporal and spatial scale is achieved. Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are finding a niche in coastal and estuarine systems as a tool for rapid and cost effective deployment platforms. In this paper we will discuss an USV developed at the University of South Florida St. Petersburg's Environmental Science and Policy department
Chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II are not required for chitin synthesis in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the polysaccharide chitin forms the primary division septum between mother cell and bud. Two related enzymes, chitin synthase I and chitin synthase II (UDP-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxyglucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.16), have been identified and their structural genes, CHS1 and CHS2, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. Gene disruption experiments led to the conclusion that CHS2 is essential for cell division [Silverman, S.J., Sburlati, A., Slater, M.L. & Cabib, E. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 4735-4739], whereas CHS1 is not. We repeated the disruption of CHS2 and determined that it is not essential for vegetative growth. The viability of chs1::HIS3 chs2::TRP1 spores is influenced by strain background and germination conditions. The double disruption mutant has no detectable chitin deficiency in vivo, as judged by quantitative assay and by staining cells with Calcofluor. Assay of membrane preparations from the double disruption mutant indicates the presence of chitin synthetic activity. Unlike the CHS gene products, this third activity is not stimulated by trypsin. Characterization of the double disruption mutant revealed abnormalities in morphology and nuclear migration.
The body-centered-cubic-type icosahedral reciprocal lattice of the Al–Cu–Fe quasi-periodic crystal

We show that the Al–Cu–Fe stable icosahedral crystal has an almost perfect icosahedral symmetry, and a reciprocal lattice of the body-centered cubic type.
Age-related variability in performance of a motor action selection task is related to differences in brain function and structure among older adults

Task performance for behaviors that engage motor cognitive processes may be particularly sensitive to age-related changes. One well-studied model of cognitive motor function involves engagement of action selection (AS) processes. In young adults, task conditions that add AS demands result in increased preparation times and greater engagement of bilateral dorsal premotor (PMd) and parietal cortices. The current study investigated the behavioral and neural response to a change in motor cognitive demands in older adults through the addition of AS to a movement task. Sixteen older adults made a joystick movement under two conditions during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the AS condition, participants moved right or left based on an abstract rule; in the execution only (EO) condition, participants moved in the same direction on every trial. Across participants, the AS condition, as compared to the EO condition, was associated with longer reaction time and increased activation of left inferior parietal lobule. Variability in behavioral response to the AS task between participants related to differences in brain function and structure. Overall, individuals with poorer AS task performance showed greater activation in left PMd and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased structural integrity of white matter tracts that connect sensorimotor, frontal, and parietal regions-key regions for AS task performance. Additionally, two distinct patterns of functional connectivity were found. Participants with a pattern of decreased primary motor-PMd connectivity in response to the AS condition, compared to those with a pattern of increased connectivity, were older and had poorer behavioral performance. These neural changes in response to increased motor cognitive demands may be a marker for age-related changes in the motor system and have an impact on the learning of novel, complex motor skills in older adults.
The role of autoimmunity to glutamate receptors in neurological disease

Understanding and experimentally approaching the processes that underlie the origin and progression of many severe neurological disorders presents a challenge to both clinical and basic researchers. We have found that the origin of some neurological diseases, including a rare form of childhood epilepsy and a neurodegenerative disease associated with peripheral cancers, may be related to production of physiologically active autoantibodies that are directed towards excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptors of the brain. This suggests that some neurological diseases may result from dysfunction of the immune system.
Lipid metabolism in the symbiotes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum☆

Abstract 1. 1. The synthesis of lipids in the primary symbiote of the pea aphid was examined. The amount of radioactive acetate incorporated into the symbiote lipid fraction in vitro was found to increase as the concentration of symbiotes in culture decreased. 2. 2. The symbiotes synthesized free fatty acids, mono- and diglycerides, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and cholesterol. 3. 3. The level of cholesterol in the symbiote fraction appeared to be more than an order of magnitude higher than sterol levels previously reported for any bacteria-like microorganism.
The emerging field of health engineering

Background: Health has grown in importance in recent years to maintain ‘healthy’ systems in optimum conditions. Objective: The goals of this article are to introduce the emerging field of health engineering, to examine its roots, to establish a framework for the inter-disciplinary studies of health engineering and to propose a blueprint for health engineering education and research. An additional goal is to propose a framework for the design and analysis of field studies as to demonstrate the versatility of field study designs and applications within the context of the proposed framework. Methods: An electronic search of databases was conducted to survey the concept of health engineering and its related topics. Results: The findings suggest that the field of health engineering has been practiced in fragmented fashion in isolated (not inter-disciplinary) disciplines. A global definition of HE was provided and it was distinguished from other related fields that are narrower in scope. A framework was establi...
Heavy quark production in very high-energy hadron collisions

Abstract The hadroproduction of heavy quarks is studied in the kinematic regime in which √ s is very much greater than the mass of the produced heavy quark. We introduce a modification of the normal Lipatov equation which allows a factorization between the short-distance and long-distance physics. Numerical results are provided using the cross section for b-quark production as an example.
A Hospital Delirium Program: Staying in Compliance with CMS (336)

Objectives 1. Discuss development and implementation of an intensive care unit (ICU) screening tool. 2. Discuss effective strategies for integrating palliative medicine proactively in the ICU. 3. Discuss qualitative and quantitative outcomes related to upstream palliative care. Intensive care units (ICU)have become a key area of palliative medicine involvement in the inpatient arena. The differences in philosophy and approach to patient care can create barriers to integrating palliative medicine consult teams into the ICU culture. However there is much common ground to be leveraged. This session will focus on successful strategies to navigate this process by implementing aproactive approach inboth themedical and surgical ICU. A review of literature and our experience over thepast 3 years with our interdisciplinary team (ie, physician, social worker, nurse practitioner, and clinical pharmacist) will be discussed. Utilizing a proactive, research-based approach can lead to successful integration. Our role includes providing expert symptom management, conducting family meetings, and supporting everyone involved. We initially implemented a screening tool to identify medical and surgical patients that may benefit from palliativemedicine consultation. After the first year, screening was no longer necessary as we became a vital part of providing care in the ICU. Often patients with advanced disease leave the ICU to the medical/ surgical unit where questions arise regarding decisions made in the ICU. Therefore a key role for our team has been to follow patients postICU and keep the plan together. Although the ICU can be intimidating territory we will discuss practical ways to join forces to improve patient care. Pearls of practicewill be presented including how to blend in while changing culture, ICU politics, documenting outcomes, family meetings, symptommanagemen,t and clinical interventions such as ventilator withdrawals. Providing education to patients families and the medical staff is an important charge to correctmisconceptions regarding palliative care. We will discuss our successes and barriers in this area. We have taken an integrated approach that has shown positive qualitative and quantitative outcomes.
Fast multispectral diffuse optical tomography system for in vivo imaging of seizure dynamics

We report a multispectral continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography system for real time noninvasive 3D imaging of hemodynamic changes. The system is validated by tissue-like phantoms, and further demonstrated by in vivo animal seizure model.
Preliminary experience in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with potassium perchlorate.

THE observations by MacKenzie (1) and Astwood (2, 3) and their associates of the striking effects of thiourea and related substances upon the thyroid gland have revolutionized the clinical management of patients with thyrotoxicosis. These drugs exert their favorable effect by preventing the incorporation of iodide into molecular combination with tyrosyl groups within the thyroid gland, but they do not prevent the trapping of iodide from the blood by the parenchymal cells of the gland (4). At the present time propylthiouracil, methylthiouracil and l-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (methimazole) are widely employed in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for surgery, and to a lesser extent in the chronic control of the overactive thyroid gland (5). Certain simple anionic substances also possess antithyroid activity. Barker (6) in 1936 observed that in patients who receive intensive thiocyanate therapy for hypertension an enlargement of the thyroid gland may develop, which can be reversibly inhibited by adding ...
The Raman spectra of crystalline Na2CrO4 and Na2CrO4·4H2O

Abstract The laser-Raman spectra of crystalline Na 2 CrO 4 and Na 2 CrO 4 ·4H 2 O are reported. Lack of isomorphism with the other alkali—metal chromates results in a unique spectrum for Na 2 CrO 4 . The trend towards higher frequencies with smaller cations, which is evident for the isomorphous alkali—metal chromates, is discontinued with Na 2 CrO 4 . The spectrum of Na 2 CrO 4 ·4H 2 O is unique and considerably more complex than that of the anhydrous salt, owing to a larger number of formula units per unit cell. Evidence from both Raman and infrared data for hydrogen bonding between hydrated water molecules and chromateionsin Na 2 CrO 4 ·4H 2 O is presented. Features of the spectrum of Na 2 CrO 4 ·4H 2 O are interpreted in terms of the effects of hydrogen bonding on the chromate frequencies.
Regulation of single potassium channels by serotonin in the cell bodies of the tail mechanosensory neurons of Aplysia californica.

Sensory neurons in the pleural ganglion of Aplysia mediate the afferent portion of the tail withdrawal reflex. Previous work has shown that in these neurons and in the siphon sensory neurons of Aplysia, serotonin modulates a steady-state non-inactivating potassium current called the S current. Using the technique of patch clamping, we have examined the kinetics of single potassium channels and found that they share the properties of the S potassium channel of the siphon sensory neurons. This channel has an elementary slope conductance of 73 +/- 9.98 pS (mean +/- S.E.M.) and shows Goldman rectification. It is active at the resting potential and does not inactivate with maintained depolarization. Bath application of serotonin in a majority of experiments decreased the functional number of channels in the patch.
The Uses of Books in a Late Mughal Takiyya: Persianate Knowledge Between Person and Paper

This paper addresses several questions that appear preliminary to understanding the circulation of knowledge in early modern India (circa 1500 to 1800): What work did writing do? What was the relationship between writing and speaking? And what can our answers to these questions tell us about cultural formulations of ‘knowledge’ in this period? After addressing these questions on ‘modes’ of circulation, this paper turns to the more practical issue of ‘means’ of circulation, looking at the intersection between religious and bureaucratic patterns of the production and consumption of books in the absence of printing in Indian languages. Overall, the paper argues for early modernity as a period of tension and transition between ‘anthropocentric’ and ‘bibliocentric’ attitudes towards the location and thence circulation of knowledge in a Persianate context. The issues are exemplified by reference to the various and, at times, perplexing uses of books in an imperial dervish lodge or takiyya.
Workplace wellness participation and the becoming of self

Abstract This paper provides a sociological examination of workplace wellness participation as a process that occurs in two stages or levels. The existential model of self provides the theoretical orientation for this examination, and data are presented from an ethnographic study of a large workplace wellness program. The first stage or level of participation involves the establishment of a sense of competence. Competence refers to the perceived ability to ‘fit in’ with the program, to master the often subtle skills required for membership in the class. Once a minimal sense of competence is established, the employee may decide to join by viewing participation either as an extension of a commitment to wellness, or as a vehicle for experimenting with or establishing a new style of self, the identity of a ‘well person’ so highly valued in contemporary western culture. The dynamics of workplace wellness participation illustrate a more general cultural trend towards health-as-accomplishment.
There Is Limited Evidence That Topical Lavender Oil Is Effective for Palliative Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Topical lavender oil for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Altaei DT. Am J Dent 2012;25(1):39-43. Reviewer Lorena Baccaglini, DDS, MS, PhD Purpose/Question In patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, is there a difference in efficacy and safety between treatment with topical lavender oil and placebo? Source of Funding None stated Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial and animal studies Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
On Simulating Univariate and Multivariate Burr Type III and Type XII Distributions

This paper describes a method for simulating univariate and multivariate Burr Type III and Type XII distributions with specied correlation matrices. The methodology is based on the derivation of the parametric forms of a pdf and cdf for this family of distributions. The paper shows how shape parameters can be computed for specied values of skew and kurtosis. It is also demonstrated how to compute percentage points and other measures of central tendency such as the mode, median, and trimmed mean. Examples are provided to demonstrate how this Burr family can be used in the context of distribution tting using real data sets. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation are provided to conrm that the proposed method generates distributions with user specied values of skew, kurtosis, and intercorrelation. Tabled values of shape parameters and boundary values of kurtosis are also provided in the appendices for the user. Mathematics Subject Classication: 65C05, 65C10, 65C60
Moving from theory to practice: implementing the Kin KeeperSM Cancer Prevention Model

This paper presents the rationale and findings of a feasibility and process study of the Kin Keeper SM Cancer Prevention Intervention. An observational cohort study design was implemented with African-American women in synergistic female family relationships. Community health workers (CHWs) from two Michigan public health programs recruited women to serve as ‘kin keepers’ who in turn recruited their female family members. In total, 161 kin keepers and female family members were sampled. Trained CHWs led kin keepers and family members in learning about breast cancer. Data methods included baseline and post-training administration of a breast cancer literacy assessment, post-training focus groups and review of personal action plans. To validate the feasibility of the process, a linear mixed-effects regression with 97% power was identified and differences in pre‐post scores were detected at 5% significance level. Adjusting for family random effects, breast cancer literacy scores increased for all participants recruited (P-value 0.0004) suggesting that the process was feasible. Analysis of focus groups and action plans indicated that participants valued the instruction and planned to act upon it. This experience with kin keepers and their families offers encouragement that the theoretical model and its community-based delivery can continue to enhance scholarship dedicated to ameliorating health care disparities.
Constant Mix Portfolios and Risk Aversion

Merton (1969) established the conditions under which a constant mix portfolio strategy is optimal across a multi-period investment horizon. A central tenant of Merton’s paper is that the investor’s portfolio must be rebalanced continuously. In practice, portfolios are not rebalanced continuously, especially by individual investors. As portfolios are rebalanced less frequently the asset mix will drift from the target weights of the constant mix strategy and lower investor utility. We measure this 'drift' indirectly by measuring the difference between the investor’s level of risk aversion and the risk aversion that would make the non-rebalanced portfolio an optimal choice.
Catalytic hydrogenation of graphene films

We developed a novel and facile method to hydrogenate graphene by using a conditioning catalyst upstream of the graphene sample to generate atomic hydrogen.
An Agency Theory of Conservative Accrual Accounting

This paper argues that accrual-based financial accounting, including the conservative recognition of anticipated cash flows, mimics the properties of an optimal multi-period incentive contract between a firm and a manager. I study a two-period principal-agent model in which a manager can be compensated based on an early signal of a future outcome of his action, or (later) based on the outcome itself. In this dynamic setting it is optimal to use both performance measures even if the signal is strictly noisier than the outcome. Accrual accounting enables the firm and the manager to "settle up" in each period, which is optimal if the manager cannot commit to a long-term contract. Conservative accruals attribute to a period only the portion of expected cash flows that is explained, in a Bayesian sense, by information available in that period. I relate these results to conventional accounting rules and the literature on conservatism.
An examination of the chemistry of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides and related volatile organic compounds during Texas Air Quality Study 2000 using ground‐based measurements

[1] Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) along with related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were made at the La Porte super site during the TexAQS 2000 Houston study. The PAN mixing ratios ranged up to 6.5 ppbv and were broadly correlated with O3, characteristic of a highly polluted urban environment. The anthropogenic PAN homologue concentrations were generally consistent with those found in other urban environments; peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (PPN) averaged 15%, and peroxyisobutyric nitric anhydride (PiBN) averaged 3% of PAN. Some periods were noted where local petrochemical sources resulted in anomalous PANs chemistry. This effect was especially noticeable in the case of peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride (APAN) where local sources of 1,3-butadiene and acrolein resulted in APAN as high as 30% of PAN. Peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride (MPAN) was a fairly minor constituent of the PANs except for two periods on 4 and 5 September when air masses from high biogenic hydrocarbons (BHC) areas were observed. BHC chemistry was not a factor in the highest ozone pollution episodes in Houston but may have an impact on daily average ozone levels in some circumstances.
Mechanisms of animal navigation in odor plumes

Chemical signals mediate many of life's processes. For organisms that use these signals to orient and navigate in their environment, where and when these cues are encountered is crucial in determining behavioral responses. In air and water, fluid mechanics impinge directly upon the distribution of odorous molecules in time and space. Animals frequently employ behavioral mechanisms that allow them to take advantage of both chemical and fluid dynamic information in order to move toward the source. In turbulent plumes, where odor is patchily distributed, animals are exposed to a highly intermittent signal. The most detailed studies that have attempted to measure fluid dynamic conditions, odor plume structure, and resultant orientation behavior have involved moths, crabs, and lobsters. The behavioral mechanisms employed by these organisms are different but generally integrate some form of chemically modulated orientation (chemotaxis) with a visual or mechanical assessment of flow conditions in order to steer up-current or upwind (rheo- or anemo-taxis, respectively). Across-stream turns are another conspicuous feature of odor-modulated tracks of a variety of organisms in different fluid conditions. In some cases, turning is initiated by detection of the lateral edges of a well-defined plume (crabs), whereas in other animals turning appears to be steered according to an internally generated program modulated by odor contacts (moth counterturning). Other organisms such as birds and fish may use similar mechanisms, but the experimental data for these organisms is not yet as convincing. The behavioral strategies employed by a variety of animals result in orientation responses that are appropriate for the dispersed, intermittent plumes dictated by the fluid-mechanical conditions in the environments that these different macroscopic organisms inhabit.