cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping urban landscape heterogeneity: agreement between visual interpretation and digital classification approaches

Visual interpretation of remotely sensed imagery has long been used for landscape pattern analysis. Few studies, however, have investigated human variation in estimates of within-patch composition for classification of those patches, particularly in urban settings. This paper compares the agreement of two approaches—visual interpretation and object-based—to estimate the proportion cover of landscape features within delineated patches, and investigates the spatial patterns of patches with large disagreement between the two approaches. The two approaches were compared for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Maryland, USA. Three methods were used to assess agreement: a traditional error matrix based procedure and two fuzzy methods, a plus-one modification of the traditional procedure, and a fuzzy set theory method. We found that while visual interpretation does not work effectively when patches contain a mix of different types of features, accuracy increases with patches that are either dominated by a specific feature, or do not contain a specific feature. The overall accuracies of estimates by visual interpretation also vary by features, ranging from 63.3% for pavement to 93.8% for bare soil. Patches with large disagreement between the two approaches cluster spatially at locations where the urban landscape is more structurally complex, suggesting the accuracy of visual interpretation may be affected by patch shape complexity, and the spatial configuration of the landscape features within the patches. These results provide important insights into the accuracy of thematic maps based on visual interpretation, not only for ecologists and managers who are using the maps, but also for those who produce the maps.
Market mavens: Psychological influences

Market mavens are consumers who are highly involved in the marketplace and represent an important source of marketplace information to other consumers. Because of their influence on other consumers across a wide range of product domains, market mavens are particularly interesting to retailers. Previous studies have clarified the behavioral tendencies of market mavens. The present study focuses on psychological influences on market mavenism. A structural-equation model of the normative influences on the psychology of the market maven is developed and tested. The hypothesized model describes relationships between global psychological constructs (self-esteem, tendency to conform), consumer traits (susceptibility to interpersonal influence, consumer need for uniqueness), and a domain-specific tendency (opinion leadership), placing the market maven construct in a normative, nomological network. The hypothesized model was supported by the data. The findings reveal the complexity of the market maven by disclosing their susceptibility to normative influence despite their need for uniqueness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Sources and Consequences of Political Mistrust among African Americans

This study calls into question the current wisdom in the political trust literature maintaining that trust in government, for all citizens, represents satisfaction with short-term political and pol...
A Narrow Escape: Gifted Students' Perceptions of Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs.

Although limited research exists on the appropriateness of Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) programs for gifted secondary learners, these courses serve as the primary methods of meeting the needs of gifted students in most high schools. This qualitative study investigates how a broad range of gifted secondary students perceives and evaluates the curriculum, instruction, and environments within AP and IE courses. Interviews with 200 students in 23 U.S. high schools revealed that although students believe that AP and IE courses provide a greater level of academic challenge and more favorable learning environments than other existing high school courses, the curriculum and instruction within AP and IE courses are not a good fit for all learners, particularly those from traditionally underserved populations. Recommendations for increasing the fit of AP and IB courses for-and consequently for increasing the participation of-students from traditionally underserved populations are discussed.
Radionuclide cineangiography in acute myocardial infarction: role in prognostication.

Radionuclide-based procedures have achieved frequent application in acute myocardial infarction (MI). While these methods can be employed in diagnosis and assessment of therapy, diagnosis usually can be made more easily and with less expense when other methods are employed. Assessment of therapy, while potentially of value, has not been evaluated in a manner which can provide practical guidelines for clinical application. Practical utility has been associated with the use of radionuclide-based techniques in prognostication after infarction; this application is crucial to the formulation and optimization of management decisions. While myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and infarct-avid-agent imaging have been employed in prognostication after infarction, the largest body of prognostic data are available in association with radionuclide cineangiography. When determined in the early hours after infarction, a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
Maintaining boundaries : The status of actresses in early christian society

Presentation des statuts social et legal des actrices dans la societe du christianisme ancien. Un parametre revelateur de la situation des actrices est le code du mariage car la loi est tres claire en ce qui concerne ceux qui sont acceptes et ceux qui sont exclus de la societe. L'A. prend en compte les sources sur le code du mariage du 1er au 6e siecles que se soient celles des Peres de l'Eglise ou celles se referant a la vie des actrices. Il etudie egalement l'impact du christianisme sur leur vie. Il conclut que la majorite des actrices dans la societe byzantine ancienne souffre des meme prejuges negatifs qu'au temps d'Auguste.
Gambling and other risk behaviors among 8th- to 12th-grade students

Objective . To examine the associations between a self-reported history of gambling or problems related to gambling and health risk behaviors in adolescence. Design . An anonymous risk behavior survey was administered to 21 297 8th- through 12th-grade students in 79 public and private schools in Vermont. Gambling or problems related to gambling were the outcome variables of interest. Demographic variables and 13 target risk behaviors related to substance use, sexual activity, and violence were tested for association with gambling and problems related to gambling. Results . Of the students, 53% reported gambling in the past 12 months, and 7% reported problems attributable to gambling. Male gender, any use of alcohol, infrequent use of cigarette smoking, any marijuana use, any inhalant use, infrequent steroid use, frequent illegal drug use, seatbelt nonuse, driving after drinking alcohol, being threatened, carrying a weapon, being involved in a fight, and years of sexual activity were all significantly associated with reported gambling in the past 12 months. Among the students who gambled, younger age, male gender, daily marijuana use, frequent use of cocaine, frequent use of inhalants, any steroid use, never wearing seatbelts, carrying a weapon for up to 3 days a month, fighting, and years of sexual activity were all significantly associated with reported problems with family and friends as a consequence of gambling. There was an increase in the absolute number of risk behaviors reported between those who had not gambled, those who had gambled, and those for whom gambling had created problems. Conclusions . Risk behaviors are associated with gambling in adolescence. The typology of risk behaviors was different for adolescents who reported gambling compared with those for whom gambling had created problems. Both gambling and problems related to gambling were significantly associated with the absolute number of risk behaviors reported by adolescents in a graded manner. Involvement in gambling should be assessed as part of the health encounter. Assessment may provide a nonthreatening entry into the evaluation of other risk behaviors. Furthermore, it may identify youth who are at risk of developing additional risk behaviors or pathological gambling. Interventions then could be targeted toward prevention of these undesirable outcomes.
Kinetic relaxation of a non-Maxwellian monatomic gas in a state of gross rest

The kinetic relaxation of a monatomic gas in a state of gross rest is studied by use of Maxwell’s second‐order moment equation. The molecular models considered range from the hard sphere to the Maxwell molecule. The development is exact for an ellipsoidal distribution and becomes a good approximation for more general distributions. The results show that the relaxation of second‐order moments is nearly exponential for power‐law molecules and that the characteristic time μ/p appears as the principal controlling parameter while the power‐law constant plays a secondary role. Comparisons between results of numerical simulations using Bird’s direct simulation Monte Carlo method and theory show excellent agreement for both hard‐sphere and Maxwell molecules.
An Experimental Study in Hypnosis and Telepathy

Abstract 16 male and female volunteer Ss were equally divided into two groups—hypnotized and relaxed. During hypnosis, or relaxation, telepathic communication of post card-size reproductions of famous art objects was attempted by staff personnel. Following this, all Ss napped or further rested. In both instances Ss recalled their imagery or dreams. Finally, both groups reported dream content one week after the attempted telepathy. Three judges rated the degree of individual correspondence between imagery and dream reports and the “target” pictures. Results suggest: (a) one person's thoughts may find their way into another person's imagery, and (b) hypnosis may speed up this “telepathic processing.” The need for further study was noted.
Alteration of the lipid profile in lymphomas induced by MYC overexpression

Overexpression of the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) oncogene is one of the most commonly implicated causes of human tumorigenesis. MYC is known to regulate many aspects of cellular biology including glucose and glutamine metabolism. Little is known about the relationship between MYC and the appearance and disappearance of specific lipid species. We use desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), statistical analysis, and conditional transgenic animal models and cell samples to investigate changes in lipid profiles in MYC-induced lymphoma. We have detected a lipid signature distinct from that observed in normal tissue and in rat sarcoma-induced lymphoma cells. We found 104 distinct molecular ions that have an altered abundance in MYC lymphoma compared with normal control tissue by statistical analysis with a false discovery rate of less than 5%. Of these, 86 molecular ions were specifically identified as complex phospholipids. To evaluate whether the lipid signature could also be observed in human tissue, we examined 15 human lymphoma samples with varying expression levels of MYC oncoprotein. Distinct lipid profiles in lymphomas with high and low MYC expression were observed, including many of the lipid species identified as significant for MYC-induced animal lymphoma tissue. Our results suggest a relationship between the appearance of specific lipid species and the overexpression of MYC in lymphomas.
The axisymmetrical boundary layer for a power-law non-Newtonian fluid on a slender cylinder

Abstract The axisymmetrical laminar boundary layer flow of power-law non-Newtonian fluids along a slender circular cylinder is investigated by obtaining solutions in series form. The effect of the transverse curvature on the skin friction has been found to be significant at moderate and large distances from the leading edge.
Kinetics of the oxidation of manganosite (Mn1-ΔO) to hausmannite (β-Mn3-δO4) at high temperatures

Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of Mn 1-δ O to β-Mn 3-δ O 4 have been investigated using thermogravity. At all temperatures (1200°C, 1250°C, and 1300°C) and oxygen activities investigated, the oxidation reactions have been found to follow parabolic growth kinetics. Theoretical predictions of the parabolic rate constant based on cation tracer diffusion data and Haven ratios compatible with interstitialcy and vacancy diffusion mechanisms have been fit to experimentally determined values. The results are discussed in terms of the elementary processes associated with the reaction kinetics.
Floral classification of honey using mid-infrared spectroscopy and surface acoustic wave based z-Nose Sensor.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and z-Nose were used as screening tools for the identification and classification of honey from different floral sources. Honey samples were scanned u...
Adolescent acute patellardislocation

Abstract Acute patellar dislocation is a traumatic and memorable event. The normal patellofemoral joint is controlled by a delicate balance of static and dynamic forces and structural congruity for effective function. Imbalance of the forces or congruity results in dislocation. Current work on osteochondral and chondral lesions that are radiographically silent and found at arthroscopy add new information about the frequency of articular damage. The major role of the patellofemoral ligament to normal patellar stability and the consequence of its avulsion relative to recurrent patellar instability has also been recently documented.
On the mechanism of the reaction of the reduced laccase with oxygen.

1. 1. The kinetics of the reaction of reduced laccase and oxygen have been studied by spectrophotometry and magnetometry, and the results showed that a Cu+O2 complex does not exist in the reaction. 2. 2. The second order velocity constant of the above reaction was found to be of comparable value to that of the peroxidase-H2O2 reaction. The fact that the velocity constant does not change at different oxygen concentrations supports statement 1 above. 3. 3. The velocity constant is not affected by pH change as long as the enzyme does not denature. For the laccase-O2 reaction, no copper-linked acid group was found in the laccase molecule.
Cultural appropriation: information technologies as sites of transnational imagination

The diverse ways in which technologies are modified and appropriated into local contexts are an important theme in CSCW research. Today, translocal processes such as the formation of international corporations and the movement of people and ideas across nation states increasingly shape these local contexts of technology use and design. We draw from prior work on appropriation in CSCW and meld it with work from transnational studies to illustrate appropriation as a cultural phenomenon and as it unfolds in relation to emerging translocal processes. We ground our explorations in findings from ethnographic research on collaborations and exchange among IT professionals in urban China. This work makes two main contributions. First, it expands CSCW's focus on socio-technical systems by taking seriously socio-political and socio-economic processes. Second, it contributes to debates on cross-cultural and global technological development by employing transnational imagination as an analytical tool.
POWER-LAW FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA

An analysis is presented to describe the parallel flow of power-law fluids within a channel bounded by porous media. It is shown that there is an excess flow above the Darcy's law prediction for the porous medium region adjacent to the channel/ porous medium boundary. This also leads to a higher flow rate in the channel. The excess flow increases with a decreasing value of the power law index, and with increasing permeability. The excess flow is found to reach a maximum at an intermediate value of the dimensionless channel width (=½H/K½and it vanishes in the limit of h→∞and h→0. Experimental evidence is also presented to demonstrate the excess flow. The experimental data are found to be in reasonable agreement with the proposed flow model.
Pulmonary Embolism: Role of Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy

The evaluation for pulmonary embolism in the emergency setting has many challenges. Patients often present with symptoms that are nonspecific. Emergency Department physicians utilize their own subjective judgment or objective clinical algorithms, such as the Wells Score to assess the likelihood of the patient having PE. Other techniques, such as D-dimer assays and Doppler ultrasound leg studies for deep venous thrombosis are very useful, as well. Ventilation-perfusion lung scans and computed tomography pulmonary angiography are both available in most institutions. However, factors such as sensitivity or specificity, overnight availability, radiation exposure, and comfort with interpretation criteria play a role in deciding which procedure should be used. Relative merits of both the procedures will be discussed.
Enhanced tunneling in stacked gate dielectrics with ultra-thin HfO2 (ZrO2) layers sandwiched between thicker SiO2 layers

Abstract There has been a search for alternative dielectrics with significantly increased dielectric constants, K, which increases in physical thickness proportional to K, and therefore would significantly reduce direct tunneling. However, increases in k to values of 15–25 in transition metal and rare earth oxides are generally accompanied by decreases in the conduction band offset energy with respect to Si, EB, and the effective electron tunneling mass, meff, which mitigate gains from increased thickness. A novel technique, based on stacked dielectrics, is used to obtain the tunneling mass-conduction band offset energy product. When combined with optical measurements of tunneling barriers, this yields direct estimates of the tunneling mass.
Solar UV variability and its effect on stratospheric thermal structure and trace constituents

Observational evidence suggests the presence of solar UV variability in the spectral range 0.175-0.310 micron during the 11-year solar cycle. The present paper reports the results of a study using a steady-state 1-D radiative-convective-photochemical model conducted to determine the response of stratospheric temperatures and O3, O(1D), O(3P), and N2O constituent distributions to UV variability. Results show that concentrations of constituents and the thermal structure may be altered significantly for the altitude interval between 20 and 55 km.
Sertoli cell chromatin acceptor sites for androgen-receptor complexes.

Abstract The interaction of Sertoli cell chromatin with partially purified testicular androgen-receptor complex (RT) was further characterized. Maximal binding occurred at 15°C for 1 h in 0.05–0.1 M NaCl. Increasing the salt concentration to 0.3–0.5 M reduced the binding by 70–80%. Pre-extraction of the chromatin with 0.3 or 0.5 M NaCl did not reduce its ability to bind RT, suggesting that acceptor site components are not removed by this treatment. Approximately 50% of the bound [ 3 H]-RT was relatively resistant to subsequent extraction with NaCl. Up to 80% of the radioactivity extracted with 0.5 M NaCl remained associated with macromolecules. Ethidium bromide did not extract 0.4 M NaCl-resistant RT. Greater than 85% of the bound [ 3 H]-RT remained associated with the residual chromatin despite an 80% reduction in the DNA content by deoxyribonuclease I digestion. These results imply that the ionic environment exerts a major influence on the nature of the interaction of androgen receptor complexes with Sertoli cell chromatin. Furthermore, while unlabeled RT competed with [ 3 H]-RT for chromatin acceptor sites, neither heat-treated RT nor unlabeled free testosterone exerted such an effect. However, cytosol fraction precipitating at 50–70% ammonium sulfate saturation exerted an inhibitory effect on the receptor-acceptor interaction. The data presented constitute additional evidence that the interaction between androgen-receptor complexes and Sertoli cell chromatin occurs at specific, saturable acceptor sites.
Spin-flip systematics and spin-orbit potentials in heavy-ion inelastic scattering

Systematics of the vertical-barmvertical-bar=1 population probability P/sub 1/ of /sup 24/Mg(2/sup +/) in the reaction /sup 24/Mg(/sup 13/C,/sup 13/C')/sup 24/Mg(2/sup +/) were studied using the coupled channels formalism. It was found that P/sub 1/ is sensitive only to the parameters of the spin-orbit potential and is determined essentially by the magnitude and the shape of the spin-orbit potential in the region of the strong absorption radius. The data require a significantly larger spin-orbit potential than that given by the folding model.
Ultrastructural analysis of the effect of ascorbic acid on secretion and assembly of extracellular matrix by cultured chick embryo chondrocytes.

Secondary cultures of differentiated sternal chondrocytes synthesize collagen (α1:α2 = 32.3 suggesting Type II collagen) and proteoglycan granules, but the morphology of the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited around these cells is quite different from that produced by chondrocytes in vivo . The ECM of cultured chondrocytes is sparse and consists of a few 15-nm-diameter fibers interconnecting numerous oblong granules. This ECM is completely removed by treatment with testicular hyaluronidase. In contrast, the ECM of chondrocytes in vivo is predominantly fibrillar, with bundles of individual 15-nm-diameter fibers studded with granules. Treatment of this ECM with hyaluronidase reduces only the size of the granules, occasionally splaying larger fibers into smaller 5-nm-diameter components. Intracellular examination of cultured chondrocytes shows large, distended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) filled with flocculent material. Since the enzymes prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, located on RER, are known to be dependent on ascorbic acid for their activity, cultured cells were treated repeatedly with 50 μ g/ml ascorbic acid for 8 hr to 3 days in an attempt to relieve the impairment in post-translational matrix processing. Even after an 8-hr treatment with ascorbic acid, cultured chondrocytes show reduction of cisternal swelling, synthesis of predominantly α1 chains (α1:α2 = 50.5 suggesting Type II collagen), and deposition of ECM which is similar in morphology and in resistance to hyaluronidase as the ECM made by chondrocytes in vivo . It is concluded that ascorbic acid is not only necessary for normal collagen secretion, but also for proper deposition of ECM.
Functional modification of vital wheat gluten with corn syrup using hydrothermal treatment

Functional properties of gluten modified using hydrothermal treatment were compared with those of vital wheat gluten (VWG). Gluten slurry was jet cooked under pressure in the presence of corn syrup (CS) at different temperatures (121 and 149 °C) for different times and then spray dried. Foaming properties for all samples (treated and untreated) at different pHs showed that, although the optimum pH was 5, at this pH the treated gluten samples displayed reduced foaming properties as compared with the control, whereas at all other pHs there was an increase in foaming properties. The sample treated with CS at 121 °C (JC121w/cs) showed the highest viscosity and elasticity increase among all treated samples. Emulsifying properties were adversely affected by an increase in temperature of treatment, whilst addition of CS helped to restore emulsion stability (ES). The sample VWG with CS (Cont.w/cs) at pH 3 showed maximum ES. In general, samples after treatment showed increased solubility. The hydrophilic but non-ionisable sugar hydroxyl groups affected the functionality at lower pH. Molecular changes were followed by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Samples subjected to the lower temperature (121 °C) showed a shift of the molecular weight distribution to higher values in the HPLC profile, consistent with higher viscosities for this treatment. For the same samples, SDS-PAGE of the reduced protein exhibited a decrease in the intensity of bands corresponding to high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, complementing the fact that large-molecular-size polymers are involved during protein modification. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
High mortality risks after major lower extremity amputation in Medicare patients with peripheral artery disease.

Background Little is known regarding the contemporary outcomes of older patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing major lower extremity (LE) amputation in the United States. We sought to characterize clinical outcomes and factors associated with outcomes after LE amputation in patients with PAD. Methods Using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2008, we examined the national patterns of mortality after major LE amputation among patients 65 years or older with PAD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the association between clinical variables, comorbid conditions, year of index amputation, geographic variation, and major LE amputation. Results Among 186,338 older patients with identified PAD who underwent major LE amputation, the mortality rate was 13.5% at 30 days, 48.3% at 1 year, and 70.9% at 3 years. Age per 5-year increase (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.29-1.29), history of heart failure (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.71-1.72), renal disease (HR 1.84. 95% CI 1.83-1.85), cancer (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.70-1.72), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.32-1.33) were all independently associated with death after major LE amputation. Subjects who underwent above knee amputation had a statistically higher hazard of death when compared with subjects who underwent LE amputation at more distal locations (HR with above the knee amputation 1.31, 95% CI 1.25-1.36). Conclusions Older patients with PAD undergoing major LE amputation still face a slightly high mortality risk, with almost half of all patients with PAD dying within a year of major LE amputation.
ON PHASE THREE OF THE SHIFTING-BALANCE THEORY.

A common conclusion in several recent publications devoted to the deterministic analysis of the third phase of Wright's shifting-balance theory is that under reasonable conditions phase three should proceed easily. I argue that the mathematical equations analyzed in these papers do not correspond to the biological situation they were meant to describe. I present a more appropriate study of the third phase of the shifting balance. My results show that the third phase can proceed only under much more restricted conditions than the previous studies suggested. Migration should be neither too strong not too weak relative to selection. The higher peak should be sufficiently dominant over the lower peak. Recombination can greatly reduce the plausibility of this phase or completely preclude peak shifts. A very important determinant of the ultimate outcome of the competition between different peaks is the topological structure of the network of demes. Peak shifts in two-dimensional networks of demes are more difficult than in one- dimensional networks. Phase three can be accomplished easiest if it is initiated in one of the peripheral demes.
Pelvic inflammatory disease: A brief overview

Most pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused by the ascent of sexually transmitted disease pathogens from the endocervix. In fact, PID remains the most common serious complication of infection from sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens. PID also may be caused by normal vaginal micro-organisms (such as those associated with bacterial vaginosis) that have overgrown in the vagina. PID has been linked to the occurrence of long-term sequelae, most commonly and most importantly infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In many patients PID may remain undiagnosed and asymptomatic, and may not become evident until such long-term consequences become manifest. We briefly review the epidemiology of PID including case definitions, the prevalence of the problem, and causal pathways and associated risk factors. Risk factors for both PID and its sequelae are discussed in relation to the mechanism of ascent of associated etiologic agents from the lower to the upper genital tract.
PIPERAZINE COMPOUNDS AND YOLK DISCOLORATION.

Abstract A STUDY of the effect of piperazine citrate on egg yolks and egg production reported by Beane et al. (1960) indicated a significant increase in the occurrence of a darkening discoloration of portions of the egg yolk when that product was used. This discoloration could best be described as olive to brownish areas appearing beneath the vitelline membrane, ranging in size from a small portion of the yolk surface area up to encompassing practically the entire surface in severe cases. This yolk condition was more prevalent during the warmer months of the year and was observed to have a higher incidence in eggs during the second week of storage than during the first week of storage. Since the piperazine citrate was found to produce a higher incidence of this condition a further study was conducted in which several of the piperazine compounds commonly used for worm control were utilized. EXPERIMENTAL
Transfer matrices for first-, second- and third-neighbor interactions on two-dimensional, hexagonal-cell lattices

Abstract We discuss the use of the shift operator matrix (SOM) method for the construction of transfer matrices appropriate to systems of simple, indistinguishable first-, second, and third-neighbor interacting particles distributed on planar M × N hexagonal-cell lattices. The matrix elements may be identified in such a way as to distinguish the contributions of particles and first-, second- and third-neighbor pairs according to their position (relative to the lattice edges) and of pairs according to their orientation. By a simple transformation the transfer matrix for an M × N planar lattice can be mapped into the transfer matrix for a cylindrical lattice of the same dimensions. The matrix elements of the resulting transfer matrix may be identified in such a way that the orientation (circumferential, axial) of the various kinds of neighbor pairs may be distinguished.
Identification of components in mixtures by a mathematical analysis of mass spectral data

Abstract Mathematical techniques for the identification of components in mixtures from the mass spectra of a series of related mixtures are described. The approach is analogous to library search methods in that spectra from a reference collection are compared with a multidimensional unknown. Searches are conducted with a library file containing approximately 17000 mass spectra. Results for the analyses of several mixtures are reported, to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
New WS9326A Congeners from Streptomyces sp. 9078 Inhibiting Brugia malayi Asparaginyl-tRNA Synthetase

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the Brugia malayi parasite. Three new congeners of the depsipeptide WS9326A (1), WS9326C (2), WS9326D (3), and WS9326E (4), were isolated from Streptomyces sp. 9078 by using a B. malayi asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (BmAsnRS) inhibition assay. WS9326D specifically inhibits the BmAsnRS, kills the adult B. malayi parasite, and does not exhibit significant general cytotoxicity to human hepatic cells, representing a new lead scaffold for antifilarial drug discovery.
Recent slumping on the continental slope off Sable Island Bank, Southeast Canada

Abstract Large U- and V-shape submarine valleys and intervening ridges on the continental slope southeast of Sable Island Bank are only partially veneered with late Pleistocene to Holocene gray-pale olive green silty clay. Older Pleistocene reddish-brown mud-scand-pebble admixtures locally crop out in the vicinity of dissected topography. The scalloped slope topography, lack of continuation of some major slope valley onto the lower rise, and exposure of Pleistocene units reflect important mass-gravity activity in this area during the Quaternary. Broad mounds that form the lower termination of valleys, some of them covering more than 25 km 2 , are probably toes of enormous subaqueous gravity slide of Pleistocene or older age. Cores penetrating contorted, mixed Pleistocene and Holocene glacio-marine sediments indicate that slumping has continued until recent time.
Neural Tissue Engineering for Neuroregeneration and Biohybridized Interface Microsystems In vivo (Part 2)

Neural tissue engineering offers tremendous promise to combat the effects of disease, aging, or injury in the nervous system. Here we review neural tissue engineering with respect to the design of living tissue to directly replace damaged or diseased neural tissue, or to augment the capacity for nervous system regeneration and restore lost function. This article specifically addresses the development and implementation of tissue engineered three-dimensional (3-D) neural constructs and biohybridized neural-electrical microsystems. Living 3-D neural constructs may be "pre-engineered" in vitro with controlled neuroanatomical and functional characteristics for neuroregeneration, to recapitulate lost neuroanatomy, or to serve as a nervous tissue interface to a device. One application being investigated is developing constructs of axonal tracts that, upon transplantation, may facilitate nervous system repair by directly restoring lost connections or by serving as a targeted scaffold to promote host regeneration by exploiting axon-mediated axonal regeneration. In another application, living nervous tissue engineered constructs are being investigated to biohybridize neural-electrical interface microsystems for functional integration with the nervous system. With this design, in vivo neuritic ingrowth and synaptic integration may occur with the living component, potentially exploiting a more natural integration with the nonorganic interface. Overall, the use of tissue engineered 3-D neural constructs may significantly advance regeneration or device-based deficit mitigation in the nervous system that has not been achieved by non-tissue engineering approaches.
ELEMENT specific magnetization of GdCo composite system using Spin polarized Auger electron spectroscopy (SPAES)

Abstract Spin polarized Auger electron spectroscopy is found to have application for monitoring element specific magnetization in composite systems. Here, we report on the first application of such a study performed on Gd–Co composite system. Besides the applicability of this technique in this system, it is observed that the 5d states have enhanced spin polarization confirming the coupling of moments in the composite system via 5d states of gadolinium. It is also directly observed that Co magnetic moments are indeed aligned antiparallel to the Gd ones, as it has been postulated by theory and by various methods.
Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid bridge extensional flows

Abstract The extensional rheology of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations of corresponding model liquids in an extending liquid bridge configuration. The fluids are modeled as molecular species and the polymers as chains of monomers bonded by freely-jointed non-linear springs, interacting with atomistic solid walls. We consider three model systems—a Newtonian liquid made of short chains, a polymer solution consisting of longer chains in a Newtonian solvent, and monodisperse and polydisperse polymer melts made of long chains. In the simulations, a cylinder of liquid is placed between solid end-plates, which separate at an exponentially increasing rate until the liquid breaks up. A quantitative description of the time evolution of the liquid filament profile and the forces exerted on the end-plates is obtained, and can be directly compared to experiment. In addition, monitoring of the atomic displacements and forces during the simulation yields information on the internal dynamics of the fluid—the velocity and stress fields, and the molecular configurations. The simulations are in good agreement with laboratory data and with the results of macroscopic numerical calculations where available, but provide new and detailed information on the internal dynamics of liquids in extensional flow.
High Resolution MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Retinal Tissue Lipids

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) has the ability to provide an enormous amount of information on the abundances and spatial distributions of molecules within biological tissues. The rapid progress in the development of this technology significantly improves our ability to analyze smaller and smaller areas and features within tissues. The mammalian eye has evolved over millions of years to become an essential asset for survival, providing important sensory input of an organism's surroundings. The highly complex sensory retina of the eye is comprised of numerous cell types organized into specific layers with varying dimensions, the thinnest of which is the 10 μm retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This single cell layer and the photoreceptor layer contain the complex biochemical machinery required to convert photons of light into electrical signals that are transported to the brain by axons of retinal ganglion cells. Diseases of the retina, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy, occur when the functions of these cells are interrupted by molecular processes that are not fully understood. In this report, we demonstrate the use of high spatial resolution MALDI IMS and FT-ICR tandem mass spectrometry in the Abca4(-/-) knockout mouse model of Stargardt disease, a juvenile onset form of macular degeneration. The spatial distributions and identity of lipid and retinoid metabolites are shown to be unique to specific retinal cell layers.
The mechanism of prismatic dislocation loop formation in cyclically strained aluminium

Abstract Diffraction contrast theory has been applied to determine the nature of prismatic dislocation loops (i.e. vacancy and/or interstitial type) observed in high purity aluminium foils cyclically strained at 78°K. It has been established that both interstitial and vacancy loops are formed during cyclic straining. It is concluded that the only model of dipole formation consistent with these observations is the Gilman (1962) double cross-slip mechanism as modified by Fourie (1964).
Some aspects of two phase flow through porous media

Abstract In this paper results of experiments conducted on two phase flow through porous layers formed of non heated glass particles (nominal diameter 3–19 mm) are reviewed. The porous layers were 30–70 cm deep and were formed in a 21 cm inside diameter plexiglass pipe. Experiments were conducted with water and air in both co and counter current modes. Data for the average void fraction and two phase friction pressure drop were taken. A flow regime map for two phase flow through porous media, a semi-theoretical model for void fraction, an empirical correlation for counter current flooding and empirical correlations for relative permeability multipliers under co-flow conditions are reported. The interaction between the overlying liquid layer and the porous layer under counter current flow conditions is discussed.
Attempts to produce carcinogenesis in organ cultures of mouse prostate with polycyclic hydrocarbons.

Pieces of C3H mouse prostate were maintained in organ culture with Eagle's MEM1 medium and 10 % horse serum in the presence and absence ofpolycyclic hydrocarbons, stilbestrol, and testosterone. With 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene, methylcholanthrene, and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene massive hyperplasia, anaplasia, abnormal mitoses, and invasion of pleomorphic epithelial cells through the basement membrane were observed. Similar observations were made, but to a lesser degree, with stilbestrol. With the controls there was moderate hyperplasia and little anaplasia, while testosterone promoted normal differentiation. With the non-carcinogenic 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, considerable hyperplasia but little anaplasia was produced. In all cases the viabilities were good and comparable. Prostate pieces from organ cultures treated with the three carcinogenic hydrocarbons were implanted into 872 C3H mice under a variety of conditions, but no tumors were induced. Nevertheless, this system served as the foundation for the subsequent achievement of carcinogenesis in vitro.
Quality of service in enterprise networks

Quality of service consists of those mechanisms and protocols designed to facilitate the delivery of delay and bandwidth sensitive material (data/applications) across computer networks. QoS in the Ethernet networks is fundamentally creating unequal access in an essentially equal access network enabling predictable and consistent system performance on a network. The optimum QoS solution is a function of the given network environment and specific corporate needs and indeed, may involve more than one technology. In addition to a critical assessment of these needs, QoS implementation must come to terms with QoS technology, user independence, application level view of QoS deployment, end-to-end solution and the applicability to the existing corporate network. To be most effective, QoS techniques must exercise full control of network service levels in accordance with set priorities. Web based applications are creating fundamental changes in the structure of the corporate enterprise network. Mission-critical applications such as enterprise resource planning (ERP,) ecommerce, voice over IP, networked storage and co-located server traffic are burdening enterprise network infrastructures with unpredictable traffic patterns and traffic loads. The article discusses the Enterprise Policy Server, which is responsible for the installation and tracking of QoS policies on the network. This includes policy interpretation from high level definition into low level device configuration, policy conflict resolution, device communication, policy installation, and policy storage.
Hidden potential: Embracing conflict can pay off for teams

As more and more organizations rely on teams and teamwork, leaders need to be aware of and ready to deal with the inevitability that conflicts will arise among members of teams, especially dispersed teams. If teams can not only learn to effectively resolve conflict but also find ways to turn conflict to their advantage, the diversity of perspectives and ideas among teammates can lead to discovery rather than discord.
The enthalpy of formation of germanium tetrafluoride

Abstract The energy of fluorination of cubic germanium to GeF4 was measured in a bomb calorimeter, and the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔHfo(GeF4,g,298.15 K), was determined to be −(284.57 ± 0.21) kcal mol−1.
Reliability and Frequency Response of Excitatory Signals Transmitted to Different Types of Retinal Ganglion Cell

The same visual stimulus evokes a different pattern of neural signals each time the stimulus is presented. Because this unreliability reduces visual performance, it is important to understand how it arises from neural circuitry. We asked whether different types of ganglion cell receive excitatory signals with different reliability and frequency content and, if so, how retinal circuitry contributes to these differences. If transmitter release is governed by Poisson statistics, the SNR of the postsynaptic currents (ratio of signal power to noise power) should grow linearly with quantal rate (qr), a prediction that we confirmed experimentally. Yet ganglion cells of the same type receive quanta at different rates. Thus to obtain a measure of reliability independent of quantal rate, we calculated the ratio SNR/qr, and found this measure to be type-specific. We also found type-specific differences in the frequency content of postsynaptic currents, although types whose dendrites branched at nearby levels of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) had similar frequency content. As a result, there was an orderly distribution of frequency response through the depth of the IPL, with alternating layers of broadband and high-pass signals. Different types of bipolar cell end at different depths of the IPL and provide excitatory synapses to ganglion cell dendrites there. Thus these findings indicate that a bipolar cell synapse conveys signals whose temporal message and reliability (SNR/qr) are determined by neuronal type. The final SNR of postsynaptic currents is set by the dendritic membrane area of a ganglion cell, which sets the numbers of bipolar cell synapses and thus the rate at which it receives quanta [SNR = qr × (SNR/qr)].
Axillary Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients with Isolated Tumor Cells in the Sentinel Lymph Node [AJCC N0(i+)]

Background Completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) is controversial in patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases ≤ 0.2 mm [N0 (i+)]. Our goal was to characterize patients with SLN isolated tumor cells regarding surgical management and axillary recurrence.
An Edible Film of Lipids and Cellulose Ethers: Barrier Properties to Moisture Vapor Transmission and Structural Evaluation

An edible, composite film of lipid and cellulose ethers was developed and appraised as a barrier to moisture vapor transmission. The film was comprised of a matrix of methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl meth-ylcellulose and saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids, with a thin layer of white beeswax laminated to the surface. The edible film effectively retarded transport of moisture at water activities (aw) up to at least 0.97 and maintained good barrier properties even when the aw on the low-humidity side of the film was relatively high. The apparent activation energy for water vapor transmission through the edible film was 14.2 ± 2.5 kcal/mole. Electron microscopy revealed the importance of lipid morphology in determining moisture resistance lipid-base films.
Public/Private and Copyright Reform in Cyberspace

A report recently released by the Information Insfrastructure Task Force, a Committee formed by the Clinton administration to articulate and implement its vision for the National Information Infrastructure (NII), recommended several amendments in copyright law. Among other things, the Report recommended expansion of the exclusive right of public distribution to cover not only physical distribution of copyrighted works to the public, but also on-line transmission. Cyberspace, however, transforms the notion of private and public, and blurs their boundaries. Therefore, this paper argues that the notion of “public” may no longer serve to define the scope of copyright monopoly. The continuous use of the public/private dichotomy as a basis for defining the scope of copyright, expands the power of copyright owners to exclude their works and fails to serve the purpose of copyright law. Proposals for copyright reform should take account for the transformation of the public/private distinction in Cyberspace.
1008-11 Recurrence of Conduction Following Catheter Ablation Procedures: Relationship to Electrode Temperatures

We sought to evaluate the relationship between arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation and the electrode temperature at successful ablation sites. 347 patients were studied; (184 F, 163 M. 38 ± 22 yrs). Ablation targets included AVNRT (131 pts), the AV junction (46 pts), and 178 accessory pathways (AP). Catheter ablation was performed with the Atakr ablation system incorporating a thermister in the distal electrode. RF output was automatically varied to achieve a target temperature of ≥70°C. Results Thirty-one patients (9%) developed a recurrence. The relationship between the incidence of recurrence, electrode temperature, and ablation target are shown below: Target AVNRT AP AV junction P Recurrence 7/131 (5%) 23/178 (13%) 1/46 (2%) 0.01 Temp Rec °C 58 ± 9 62 ± 9 50°C Temp No Rec °C 60 ± 9 62 ± 10 67 ± 7 P Value 0.5 0.9 N/A In conclusion, recurrence of conduction following catheter ablation is related to the ablation target but not to the electrode temperature. The incidence of recurrence is highest during ablation of accessory pathways and lowest during ablation of AVNRT and the AV junction.