cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minding the gaps--and the junctions, too.

Platelets may be small, but their behavior in vivo is governed by molecular mechanisms every bit as complex as those in larger cells. New molecules that provide unexpected insights turn up with surprising regularity. One recent example is the connexin family member Cx37 or GJA4. The role of Cx37 in platelets is examined in this issue of Circulation by Vaiyapuri et al,1 but a related study by Angelillo-Scherrer et al2 appeared here a year ago, and both will be considered together. Article see p 2479 Cx37 is a member of a family of gap junction proteins that can assemble a comparatively nonselective channel when cells come into close contact with each other. These channels are large enough to allow free passage of soluble molecules such as cAMP, Ca2+, and IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) between cells. They are formed by the interaction of 2 Cx37 hemichannels on the surface of opposing cells. Hemichannels themselves can also pass small molecules, but with different specificities than the complete channel (see Kar et al3 for a recent review). The identification of a previously unsuspected molecule in platelets inevitably leads to questions about its role in either platelets or megakaryocytes. Platelets have limited synthetic capability. According to current models, they are formed by carefully orchestrated events in which proteins synthesized by megakaryocytes are transshipped to the tip of a developing proplatelet projection.4 Presumably anything found in mature platelets is there for a reason. What, then, is the role of Cx37? Based on studies in other cells, it is possible to make some reasoned guesses. However, as will be discussed below, published evidence leaves the answer in platelets somewhat uncertain. First, consider that a major design goal of platelets is to be able to form a stable hemostatic plug in …
Concentrations of chlorinated organic compounds in biota and bed sediment in streams of the San Joaquin Valley, California.

Samples of resident biota and bed sediments were collected in 1992 from 18 sites on or near the floor of the San Joaquin Valley, California, for analysis of 33 organochlorine compounds. The sites were divided into five groups on the basis of physiographic region and land use. Ten compounds were detected in tissue, and 15 compounds were detected in bed sediment. The most frequently detected compound in both media was p,p′-DDE. Concentrations of ΣDDT (sum of o,p′- and p, p′ forms of DDD, DDE, and DDT) were statistically different among groups of sites for both tissue and sediment (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.05). Concentrations in both media were highest in streams draining the west side of the valley. Concentrations of ΣDDT in tissue were significantly correlated with specific conductance, pH, and total alkalinity (p < 0.05), which are indicators of the proportion of irrigation return flows in stream discharge. Concentrations in sediment on a dry-weight basis were not correlated with these water-quality parameters, but total organic carbon (TOC) normalized concentrations were significantly correlated with specific conductance and pH (p < 0.05). Regressions of the concentration of ΣDDT in tissue, as a function of ΣDDT in bed sediment, were significant and explained up to 76% of the variance in the data. The concentration of ΣDDT in sediment may be related to mechanisms of soil transport to surface water with bioavailability of compounds related to the concentration of TOC in sediment. The results of this study did not indicate any clear advantage to using either bed sediment or tissues in studies of organochlorine chemicals in the environment. Some guidelines for protection of fish and wildlife were exceeded. Concentrations of organochlorine chemicals in biota, and perhaps sediment, have declined from concentrations measured in the 1970s and 1980s, but remain high compared to other regions of the United States.
Uptake and metabolism of prostaglandin E1 in isolated pzbfuseb petal, newborn and adult rabbit lungs

PGE1 has been used to maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus in newborns with pulmonary hypertension. However, it is known that adult lungs avidly take up and metabolize circulating PGE1. We compared the ability of isolated perfused lungs from previable, 26-day gestation, fetal rabbits; newborn rabbits (within 12 hours of birth) and 3 month old adult rabbits to metabolize a 20-second bolus of PGE1. The concentration of PGE1 infused was approximately 2 orders of magnitude below the Km for the PGE1 uptake process so that first order uptake kinetics are assured. The retention time of a vascular marker dye was monitored as an index of pulmonary vascular surface area. In all three sizes of lungs perfusate flow was adjusted to produce an approximately 7 second dye retention time. At these flows the adult lungs inactivate about 45 percent of the infused PGE1. In contrast, fetal and newborn rabbit lungs both inactivate about 22 percent of the infused PGE1. We conclude that the ability of the lung to take up and metabolize circulating PGE1 is markedly reduced in premature and term newborns.
Implementation of the Hungarian algorithm to account for ligand symmetry and similarity in structure-based design.

False negative docking outcomes for highly symmetric molecules are a barrier to the accurate evaluation of docking programs, scoring functions, and protocols. This work describes an implementation of a symmetry-corrected root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) method into the program DOCK based on the Hungarian algorithm for solving the minimum assignment problem, which dynamically assigns atom correspondence in molecules with symmetry. The algorithm adds only a trivial amount of computation time to the RMSD calculations and is shown to increase the reported overall docking success rate by approximately 5% when tested over 1043 receptor–ligand systems. For some families of protein systems the results are even more dramatic, with success rate increases up to 16.7%. Several additional applications of the method are also presented including as a pairwise similarity metric to compare molecules during de novo design, as a scoring function to rank-order virtual screening results, and for the analysis of trajectories ...
High-Level Broadcast Communication for Local Area Networks

Even for LANs without collision-detection hardware, this implementation of StarMod offers improvements of from 1.1 to 7.8 over pointto-point message transmission-and that's the worst-case gain.
Drought tolerance, xylem sap abscisic acid and stomatal conductance during soil drying: a comparison of young plants of four temperate deciduous angiosperms

Patterns of water relations, xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) concentration ([ABA]) and stomatal aperture were compared in drought-sensitive black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and black willow (Salix nigra Marsh.), less drought-sensitive sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and drought-tolerant white oak (Quercus alba L.). Strong correlations among reduction in predawn water potential, increase in xylem sap [ABA] and stomatal closure were observed in all species. Stomatal response was more highly correlated with xylem [ABA] than with ABA flux. Xylem sap pH and ion concentrations appeared not to play a major role in the stomatal response of these species. Stomata were more sensitive to relative changes in [ABA] in drought-sensitive black walnut and black willow than in sugar maple and white oak. In the early stages of drought, increased [ABA] in the xylem sap of black walnut and black willow was probably of root origin and provided a signal to the shoot of the water status of the roots. In sugar maple and white oak, leaf water potential declined with the onset of stomatal closure, so that stomatal closure also may have occurred in response to the change in leaf water potential.
Diffusion tensor-based fast marching for modeling human brain connectivity network

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an effective modality in studying the connectivity of the brain. To eliminate possible biases caused by fiber extraction approaches due to low spatial resolution of DTI and the number of fibers obtained, the fast marching (FM) algorithm based on the whole diffusion tensor information is proposed to model and study the brain connectivity network. Our observation is that the connectivity extracted from the whole tensor field would be more robust and reliable for constructing brain connectivity network using DTI data. To construct the connectivity network, in this paper, the arrival time map and the velocity map generated by the FM algorithm are combined to define the connectivity strength among different brain regions. The conventional fiber tracking-based and the proposed tensor-based FM connectivity methods are compared, and the results indicate that the connectivity features obtained using the FM-based method agree better with the neuromorphical studies of the human brain.
Preparative-scale isolation of isotopically labeled amino acids

Abstract Over 10 g of individual 2 H, 15 N-labeled amino acids was resolved and recovered on a laboratory-scale ion-exchange system from a crude bacterial protein hydrolyzate derived from 20 g of lyophilized cells. The 17 amino acids (cystine was not isolated) were recovered containing less than 1.0% of other contaminating amino acids except for proline (4.0%). The aromatic and basic amino acids were isolated on a dual-column carrier displacement system (390-ml resin bed volume) while most of the neutral and acidic amino acids were separated on a pyrazolium chloride elution system (560-ml resin bed volume). The two remaining overlapping pairs were resolved on small carrier displacement columns. In addition, the overlapping fractions from adjacent peaks of the pyrazolium chloride elution system represent only 3.5% (0.37 g) of the total sample.
AN INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL FOR HUMAN-COMPUTER INTEGRATED ASSEMBLY PLANNING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT This paper presents how an information processing model can be used to design human-computer integrated assembly planning systems. The information processing model provides a common, systematic basis to define human and computer activities in assembly planning. Relevant research issues are discussed concerning a unified process of assembly planning, the compatibility between decisions, rules and information involved in assembly planning, and the effectiveness of an integrated, graphic representation for exchange of information and problem space between different stages of assembly planning and across the human-computer interface.
Sex and the Single Armrest: Use of Personal Space during Air Travel:

Studies using a questionnaire and direct observation were designed to explore the correlation between sex and territorial space on airplanes. Subjects were observed in the coach section of airplanes to determine whether men or women used the common armrest more, when seated in mixed-sex arrangement. Other subjects responded to an interview questionnaire at a major airport. Results indicate that men, with or without control for size, had a much greater tendency to use the common armrest. Also those subjects accustomed to using the armrest felt angrier when denied this space.
A peptide-based material platform for displaying antibodies to engage T cells.

Abstract This study investigated a strategy by which antibodies are displayed to engage T cells. A peptide composite containing binding sites was characterized in vitro and explored as an injectable system in vivo. The composite consists of two amphiphilic peptides, AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK (referred to as “EAK”) and EAK appended with six consecutive histidines at the C-terminus (“EAKH6”). Spectroscopic analysis showed the two peptides integrated into a single structure. Prior to combination, conformational analysis revealed that EAKH6 adopts a mixed α-helix/β-strand conformation. In the presence of EAK, EAKH6 exists predominately in β-strand conformation. The composite of EAK-EAKH6 was found to display His-tags, using nickel-bound horseradish peroxidase as a probe. T cell-specific antibodies were found stably displayed on the EAK-EAKH6 assembly using recombinant protein A/G and anti-histidines antibody as an adaptor. When mounted with anti-CD4 antibody, the system was shown to capture CD4 T cells in a mixed population of lymphocytes. Antibodies were concentrated in the subcutaneous space in mice when co-administered with EAK and EAKH6 along with protein A/G and anti-histidines antibody as a solution. We report here the use of amphiphilic peptides to display Ab in vivo, the results indicating that the design can be used as a platform for engaging specific subsets of leukocytes for the purpose of immune modulation.
Contralateral insular involvement producing false lateralizing signs in bitemporal epilepsy: A stereo-encephalography case report

Although rare, epilepsy arising from the insula may produce ictal manifestations that can mimic temporal and extratemporal semiologies. If unrecognized, this might lead to some epilepsy surgery failures. Seizures originating in the insula (insular epilepsy) produce semiologies such as sensation of laryngeal/ chest discomfort, contralateral widespread unpleasant somatosensory auras, oro-alimentary movements, and dysphonic/dysarthric speech, which usually occur with fully preserved awareness. Insular involvement after ictal propagation of seizures arising from temporal or frontal areas may produce a similar semiology, or limited to the objective features as subjective sensations are often masked by dysfunction of consciousness and memory. Propagation of epileptic activity between mesial temporal structures and the ipsilateral insula is remarkably rapid, reflecting the dense connections between the insula and temporolimbic structures. Spread from the mesial temporal structures to the contralateral insula has beenmentioned in a study on technical details of insular implantation in SEEG. Here, we report a patient with ultimately bitemporal epilepsy. Using stereo-EEG, spread of ictal activity from the left mesial temporal region into the right insula and primary motor face area was demonstrated that resulted in mislateralizing semiological signs (vomiting and left face clonic movements).
Calcareous nannofossils and clastic sediments at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, northeastern Mexico

A quantitative analysis of calcareous nannofossil assemblages on the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary of the Mimbral and Mulato outcrops of northeast Mexico indicates that the sections are biostratigraphically complete across the boundary and that there is a prominent spherule-bearing clastic unit located precisely at the K-T boundary. The sections consist of uppermost Maastrichtian ( Micula prinsii Zone) marly limestones of the Mendez Formation and marlstones of the lower Paleocene (Zone NP1) Velasco Formation separated by a distinct, 1–3-m-thick sandstone unit that has a basal spherule-bearing layer. The origin of this clastic unit and the time of deposition relative to the K-T mass extinctions have been the subjects of much controversy. Some workers attribute this unit to rapid tsunami-induced deposition triggered by the nearby Chicxulub impact, and others consider it a turbidite deposited at some time prior to the K-T mass extinctions. Cretaceous nannofossils abruptly decrease in abundance at the base of the spherule bed and only rare to few reworked specimens are present in the clastic unit and in the basal Velasco Formation. Survivors and Tertiary species are common above the clastic unit. Cretaceous nannoplankton show no evidence of recovery after deposition of the clastic unit, which indicates that extinctions probably occurred correlative with the deposition of the clastic unit and in association with the Chicxulub impact.
A class of distance-regular graphs that are Q -polynomial

Abstract We consider a class of distance-regular graphs Γ with diameter d whose intersection numbers take the form k = hxyd(t − 1) −1 b i = h(i − t)(i − x)(i − y)(i − d)(2i − t) −1 (2i − t + 1) −1 , (1⩽i⩽d−1) c i = hi(i − t + x)(i − t + y)(i − t + d)(2i − t)(2i − t − 1) −1 , (1⩽i⩽d−1) c d = hd(d − t + x)(d − t + y)(2d − t + 1) −1 for some complex constants h, t, x, and y. We show the eigenvalues of Γ are integers if d≥4, and that d≥14 implies Γ is either • (i) the antipodal quotient of the Johnson graph J(2d, 4d) or J(2d + 1, 4d + 2) • (ii) the halved graph 1 2 H(2d + 1, 2) of the 2d + 1-cube • (iii) the antipodal quotient of 1 2 H(4d, 2) or 1 2 H(4d + 2, 2) • (iv) a graph not listed above, but with the same intersection numbers as (i) or (iii) In particular, for d≥14, the list of known graphs of type 2 in Theorem 5.1 of Bannai and Ito (Benjamin-Cummings Lecture Note Series, Vol. 58) is complete if and only if there are no graphs satisfying (iv) above.
Site of Heart Block as Defined by His Bundle Recording Pathologic Correlations in Three Cases

His bundle electrograms were recorded in three patients with heart block who subsequently died. Serial sections of the conduction system were performed. Two patients had complete block distal to H with wide QRS and P-H intervals of 135 and 100 msec, respectively (normal 80-140 msec). Postmortem (PM) revealed relatively insignificant A-V nodal lesions and major destructive lesions of both bundle branches. The third patient had block proximal to H with left bundle-branch block and H-V prolongation. PM revealed amyloidosis of the A-V nodal approaches and fatty infiltration of the A-V node and His bundle. There were also fibroelastic lesions, with total disruption of the left and moderate involvement of the right bundle branch. The first patient also had sinus pauses as well as delay between what was felt to be posterior internodal tract depolarization and the P wave. PM also revealed arteriolosclerosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibroelastosis of the SA nodal approaches. Block distal to H appeared t...
A recommended workflow for DNase I footprinting using a capillary electrophoresis genetic analyzer

Fragment analysis was developed to determine the sizes of DNA fragments relative to size standards of known lengths using a capillary electrophoresis genetic analyzer. This approach has since been adapted for use in DNA footprinting. However, DNA footprinting requires accurate determination of both fragment length and intensity, imposing specific demands on the experimental design. Here we delineate essential considerations involved in optimizing the fragment analysis workflow for use in DNase I footprinting to ensure that changes in DNase I cleavage patterns may be reliably identified.
Haar wavelets as a tool for the statistical characterization of variability

Abstract In the field of gamma-ray astronomy, irregular and noisy datasets make difficult the characterization of light-curve features in terms of statistical significance while properly accounting for trial factors associated with the search for variability at different times and over different timescales. In order to address these difficulties, we propose a method based on the Haar wavelet decomposition of the data. It allows statistical characterization of possible variability, embedded in a white noise background, in terms of a confidence level. The method is applied to artificially generated data for characterization as well as to the very high energy M87 light curve recorded with VERITAS in 2008 which serves here as a realistic application example.
Altered responses to serotonergic agents in Fawn-Hooded rats.

Abstract The incidence of “wet dog” shakes elicited by quipazine, the hyperthermic response induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT) and the hypothermic response to 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) were compared in rats of the Fawn-Hooded (FH) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains. The behavioral responses of FH rats to quipazine and 5MeODMT were significantly greater than those of SD rats. On the other hand, the hypothermic effect of 8-OH-DPAT in FH rats was significantly less than that elicited in SD animals. The present results are supportive of the view that the responsiveness of serotonergic mechanisms in the CNS of FH rats differs markedly from those in SD animals.
High-dose implantations of Al into Si(111) and Si(100)

Abstract High dose implants of Al (0.5 × 10 18 /cm 2 to 2.0 × 10 18 /cm 2 ) into silicon substrates ( T 1 = 375°C) were performed in an attempt to form a cure, monocrystalline buried layer of Al in silicon upon post-implant annealing. Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to determine the Al concentration and morphology of t function of depth. The results show a peak Al concentration of 83 at.% at a depth of ≈ 350 nm for the highest dose, and the morphology of the Al is of an interconnected network of 100 at.% Al. The failure to form a continuous elemental layer is explained by the as-implanted morphology resulting from enhancement of the thermally induced precipitate coarsening rate at 375°C. The formation of large, stable, individual Al precipitates was thermodynamically favored for the implant conditions and effectively precluded coalescence into a continuous layer.
Measuring committed preadipocytes in human adipose tissue from severely obese patients by using adipocyte fatty acid binding protein

To understand the significance of the reported depot differences in preadipocyte dynamics, we developed a procedure to identify committed preadipocytes in the stromovascular fraction of fresh human adipose tissue. We documented that adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) is expressed in human preadipocyte clones capable of replication, indicating that can be used as a marker of committed preadipocytes. Because aP2 expression can be induced in macrophages, stromovascular cells were also stained for the macrophage marker CD68. We found aP2+CD68- cells (designated as committed preadipocytes) that did not have lipid droplets (true preadipocytes) and that did have lipid droplets 20-fold among individuals. Total cell number, stromovascular cell number, and the number of aP2- macrophages was less (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous than in omental fat (means +/- SE, in millions: subcutaneous, 2.3 +/- 0.3, 1.4 +/- 0.3, and 0.17 +/- 0.08; and omental, 4.8 +/- 0.7, 3.8 +/- 0.5, and 0.34 +/- 0.06); mesenteric depot was intermediate. These data indicate that the cellular composition of adipose tissue varies between depots and between individuals. The ability to quantify committed preadipocytes in fresh adipose tissue should facilitate study of adipose tissue biology.
Supervisory behaviour as a source of perceived task scope

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of intended supervisory behaviours on employee perceptions of task characteristics. The subjects were 29 first-line manufacturing supervisors and two employees of each supervisor. To measure intended supervisory behaviours, interviews were conducted with each supervisor, while perceptions of task characteristics were obtained by questionnaire from the subordinates. Results indicated a very high level of convergence between intended supervisory behaviours and employee perceptions of their tasks. Implications for future task design research are discussed.
Transformation methods for generalized Petri nets and their applications to flexible manufacturing systems

Transformation methods are presented for generalized Petri nets by introducing and using the concept of a live and bounded circuit (LB-circuit). An LB-circuit is a generalized version of a simple elementary circuit. The authors also introduce the concept of an arc ratio, which is defined by the arcs' relations in an LB-circuit and is closely related to the liveness and boundedness of the net. The overlapping relation between two directed paths has an effect on the loss or increase of tokens in the net. Three transformation theorems are given for synthesis and reduction using these concepts. These theorems are used for reducing or synthesizing generalized Petri nets while preserving the liveness and boundedness of the net. The methods consider the dynamic behavior and structure of the net at the same time. The synthesis methods are illustrated for the design of a simple FMS (an assembly process with three robots and two workstations). >
The Essex-Lopresti fracture-dislocation factors in early management and salvage alternatives.

In 1951, Essex-Lopresti described two cases of comminuted radial head fracture after high-energy loading of the forearm. Both patients presented without pain or swelling at the wrist. In the first case, wrist films were not obtained and the radial head was excised. Abutment of the radial stump on the capitellum and proximal dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) were noted immediately postoperatively. In the second case, ulnar positive variance was noted on the initial injury films. This patient was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the radial head and postoperatively, the DRUJ was reduced. Essex-Lopresti underscored the importance of diagnosing longitudinal radio-ulnar instability— that is, injury to both the DRUJ and the radial head. In these cases, he recommended repair of the radial head in the acute setting, and when comminution precluded this option, the temporary use of a radial head prosthesis to allow the DRUJ and interosseous membrane (IOM) to heal [3]. The problem of proximal migration of the radius following comminuted radial head fracture is a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. In 1993, Trousdale [48] reported 20 cases; he termed the problem longitudinal radio-ulnar dissociation (LRUD). In 15 cases, LRUD with resultant wrist pain was noted after an average of seven years following resection of the radial head. In five cases, LRUD was diagnosed acutely and the radial head was preserved or replaced, with better functional outcomes. In 1995, Sowa [41] reported on eight cases of radial head resection for treatment of comminuted fracture of the radial head. In seven cases, LRUD ensued; in one case, LRUD was recognized as an acute injury. All cases were treated by a combination of pinning the radius to the ulna, silicone radial head replacement, and ulnar shortening. All of the cases had poor outcomes [41]. This suggests LRUD may occur acutely with comminuted radial head fracture or be recognized late, following radial head excision. Late development of symptoms likely results when the IOM stretches or attenuates with time
Physical Activity Among Somali Men in Minnesota Barriers, Facilitators, and Recommendations

Immigrants and refugees arrive to the United States healthier than the general population, but this advantage declines with increasing duration of residence. One factor contributing to this decline is suboptimal physical activity, but reasons for this are poorly understood. Persons from Somalia represent the largest African refugee population to the United States, yet little is known about perceptions of physical activity among Somali men. Somali members of a community-based participatory research partnership implemented three age-stratified focus groups and three semistructured interviews among 20 Somali men in Rochester, Minnesota. Team-based inductive analysis generated themes for barriers and facilitators to physical activity. Barriers to physical activity included less walking opportunities in the United States, embarrassment about exercise clothing and lack of familiarity with exercise equipment/modalities, fear of harassment, competing priorities, facility costs, transportation, and winter weather....
Isolation and partial characterization of dinoflagellate chromatin.

Summary Chromatin was prepared by two different methods from isolated nuclei of Gyrodinium cohnii ( Cryptothecodinium cohnii) and Peridinium trochoideum. These isolation procedures are different from those generally used to prepare eukaryote chromatin, because the latter do not work for dinoflagellate chromatin. The chemical composition of this chromatin is similar for both methods of preparation and both organisms. Dinoflagellate chromatin contains DNA, RNA, acid-soluble and acid-insoluble protein as does chromatin from higher plants and animals, but the amount of acid-soluble protein relative to DNA (0.02--0.08) is much lower than that of typical eukaryotes (about i). Evidence is presented to show that proteolytic degradation is unlikely to account for the low acid-soluble protein content in dinoflagellate chromatin. Exclusion chromatography of the chromatin on large-pore gels (Bio Gel A-15m or Sephadex G-200) indicates that the bulk of the protein present in the chromatin preparations migrates with the DNA. G. cohnii and P. trochoideum chromatin show an ultraviolet absorption spectrum, which is intermediate between DNA and typical eukaryote chromatin, and this is not significantly changed by gel exclusion chromatography. Preliminary results suggest that the dinoflagellate DNA-associated proteins do not stabilize the DNA against melting. Chromatin prepared from log-phase cells has more protein and RNA than chromatin from stationary-phase cells. The chemical composition of dinoflagellate chromatin is compared with that of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Defending Sensor Worm Attack Using Software Diversity Approach

Recently, the sensor worm attack has been identified to be one of the serious threats to the wireless sensor networks. However, sensor nodes do not have complicated hardware architectures or operating systems to protect program safety. Sensor worms can exploit the vulnerabilities of sensor nodes, such as the vulnerability of the buffer-overflow. In this paper, we utilize a software diversity approach to defend the sensor worm attacks. A Worm Attack DEfence (WADE) problem, which is to minimize the total number of defective edges with limited software versions, is defined in this paper. To solve the WADE problem, we present a role-base graph coloring scheme. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency and efficacy of our approach.
Pulsed Overload Tolerance of Si/Cr, Ni/Cr and Mo/Si Thin Film Resistors on Integrated Circuits

The maximum Fusing Voltage (FV) (for 0.1-10 ?s pulses) of Mo/Si, Ni/Cr, and Si/Cr resistors formed on oxidized Si substrates has been experimentally shown to be essentially independent of the following parameters: 1) resistive film material, 2) passivation film material (but a crack-free film is important for Ni/Cr resistors) and 3) the thickness of the oxide fim between the resistor and silicon substrate (0.5-1.5 ?m). The FV depends on the resistor geometry, substrate material, and post fabrication annealing of the resistors. The most commonly used resistor geometry is adequate for use on ICs. The most dramatic change in FV obtained in the study was for resistors formed on glass substrates. The FV was reduced by almost a factor of 2 for 0.1 ?s pulses over that of resistors on Si substrates. Post fabrication annealing resulted in marked increases in FV for each material for the 0.1 ?s pulses but had diminishing effects for 1.0 and 10 ?s. Annealing for times greater than 60 minutes or temperatures greater than 470° didn't result in important further increases.
T helper/inducer (CD4+) cells prestimulated with PPD induce monocytes to produce interleukin-1 beta.

We obtained peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from four healthy, tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) reactive donors and cultured these cells in media containing PPD (low dose = 200 ng/ml or high dose = 1 ig/mi). Five days after the addition of PPD, T cells were isolated, washed, and added to autologous adherent cell cultures at a 1:1 ratio. Adherent cells were then cultured for 24 h in media only (baseline), media plus Iipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 �g/ml; positive control), or media containing the prestimulated T cells. After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and interleukin 113(IL-13) levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show that T cells prestimulated with low dose PPD (200 �g/ml) did not induce IL-i production by adherent cells (mean increase over baseline 0.2 ± 1.3 standard deviation [SD) ng/ml, P = 0.61). However, T cells prestimulated with high dose PPD (1 �g/ml) did induce adherent cells to secrete IL-i 13(mean increase over baseline 1.7 ± 0.62 [SD] ng/ml, P = 0.01), but this induction was abolished when cell-to-cell contact was prevented by use of double well chambers (mean increase over baseline 0.1 ± 0.36 [SD) ng/ml, P = 0.69). Prestimulated T helper (CD4) cells were able to induce monocytes to secrete IL-i 13 but prestimulated CD8� I cells were not. These data suggest that when I helper (CD4�) cells are sufficiently activated they acquire the ability to induce monocytes to secrete IL-i 3. Cell-to-cell contact between monocytes and I cells is required. This function of activated T cells may be important in the normal cellular immune response.
Gender Differences in Discipline of Nurses in Missouri

Analysis of discipline of nurses by the Missouri Board of Nursing, 2000-2003, demonstrated differing rates by gender. Males received disproportionately high rates at 18.9%, although they represented 7.5% of Missouri nurses. Males received more severe discipline than females, with higher rates of license suspension and revocation, regardless of infractions or license level. Males surrendered licenses at higher rates. For 3 of the 28 infractions, males exceeded the number of females by a ratio of 2:1. Males committed one infraction that females did not. For three infractions, females outnumbered males by a ratio of 2:1. Females committed eight infractions not committed by males, including four murders. Consistent with previous studies, substance abuse was the behavior disciplined in the majority of cases (41.3%). Disparity in nurse discipline suggests the need for further study to analyze contributing factors, roles that nursing culture and gendered behaviors may play in the disciplinary process.
Risk Factors Associated With Incorrect Surgical Counts

Incorrect surgical counts after surgery are a perplexing problem for nurses working in the perioperative environment. To determine factors associated with an incorrect surgical count, this cross-sectional, correlational study examined explanatory variables (eg, patient and nurse characteristics, intraoperative circumstances, staff involvement) by using data abstracted from perioperative medical records and primary data collected from perioperative nurses. In the final multivariate analysis, six variables were significantly associated with an incorrect surgical count: a higher surgical risk, a lower body mass index, a complicated procedure, an unplanned procedure, an increased number of perioperative personnel involved, and an increased number of specialty teams involved.
Phase Relationships in the System Zirconia—Thoria

The phase relationships in the system zirconia-thoria were investigated by X-ray diffraction and dilatometric methods. The specimens were melted in air at the focus of a solar furnace. The existence of a cubic calcium fluoride-type solid solution was established for thoria concentrations above 17.5 mole %. However, this solid solution is stable only at high temperature, and, after prolonged heating at 2000°C. and at 1350°C., it decomposes into tetragonal zirconia (which during subsequent cooling undergoes the unavoidable tetragonal-monoclinic inversion) and a thoria-rich phase containing at least 99 mole % thoria.
Incorporating pulse-to-pulse motion effects into side-looking array radar models

A technique is presented for incorporating pulse-to-pulse (inter-pulse) motion effects into side-looking array radar data models yielding a motion-sensitive space-time snapshot. Low flying, highly-maneuverable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) represent a potential worst case application scenario given their roll, yaw, and pitch rates are primarily limited by structural integrity. High degrees of maneuverability during the coherent processing interval (CPI) allow clutter and target returns to change significantly. The technique presented uses M coordinate transformations to describe platform attitude variations throughout the CPI. Ward's model then is extended to incorporate maneuver-induced changes in spatial frequency and Doppler. The new motion-sensitive space-time snapshot is used to characterize space time adaptive processing (STAP) performance without motion-compensation applied. Results clearly show motion-induced clutter-null broadening with measurable degradation of STAP algorithm minimal discernable velocity.
Shell bed tempestites in the Chenier Plain of Louisiana: late Holocene example and modern analogue

Hurricane Ike's storm surge deposited a concentrated shell bed in the form of a series of coalescing washover fans over backshore sand and adjoining marshland in part of southwest Louisiana's Chenier Plain. The shell bed is a tempestite and has distinctive morphological, sedimentological and biogenic characteristics that provide a modern analogue to aid interpretation of older shell bed tempestites in the geological record. The shell bed has a wedge-shaped profile that thickens landward, is about 40 m wide, up to 27 cm thick and extends several hundred metres parallel to the shore. Shells are predominantly disarticulated valves of the common bivalve Mulinia lateralis, probably reworked and transported landward from skeletal remains offshore. The shell bed has an erosional base, is bioclast supported, normally graded and has common mud rip-up clasts. Similarities between the modern shell bed and another concentrated shell deposit, forming part of a sandy beach ridge some 1.5 km inland, suggest that the palaeo shell deposit is also a tempestite recording hurricane washover of a former shoreline 600 a ago. These findings demonstrate that the shell bed deposited by Hurricane Ike is a valuable analogue for palaeotempestological investigations and that hurricanes have likely contributed to the construction of both modern berm ridges and palaeo beach ridges on this coastal plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical infrastructure of the electronic library

This section describes the clients, servers, and networks that comprise the EL. The technical and administrative process of integrating campus library LANs for accessing CD‐ROM databases is explained. A timeline is provided highlighting the major events in the development of the Campus OPAC, the suite of EL database resources, library computer networks and public and staff workstations.
BioMEMS using electrophoresis for the analysis of genetic mutations

Biomedical microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) are rapidly emerging in many areas of genetic analysis. These devices demonstrate potential for rapid analysis using modular components capable of sample purification, amplification, mutation discrimination and detection on small, portable point-of-care instruments. Here, various approaches to genetic mutation detection and the modern analysis platform, capillary electrophoresis, will be briefly reviewed. Microfluidic devices will be discussed in relation to fabrication techniques, mutation detection using simple electrophoretic separations, multiplexed designs and modular functionalities, as well as challenges and issues surrounding this technology.
Improved survival in children with esophageal perforation

Objective: To analyze the cause, location, signs and symptoms, presence of underlying disease, time interval to diagnosis, treatment, and morbidity and mortality in 24 children (19 boys and 5 girls) with esophageal perforation who were treated from 1975 to 1995. Design: Data were collected retrospectively from hospital and office records. Setting: A tertiary care children's hospital. Results: The average age at diagnosis was 58 months (range, 1 day to 19 years). Fourteen children had underlying esophageal disease (atresia, n=7 and gastroesophageal reflux, n=7). Iatrogenic perforations occurred in 17 children: 8 during dilatation, 5 during an antireflux procedure, 2 during endoscopy, and 2 after passage of a feeding tube. Trauma was the cause of perforation in 6 children. In 2 cases the cause was unknown. Perforation occurred in the thoracic esophagus in 12 cases, abdominal esophagus in 7, cervical esophagus in 5, and involved both the thoracic and abdominal esophagus in 1. Signs and symptoms included dysphagia (15 patients), dyspnea (14), fever (12), cyanosis (8), abdominal pain (6), chest pain (5), and subcutaneous emphysema (3). Management of esophageal perforation included nonoperative management (7 patients), drainage alone (1), primary closure (16), and resection and diversion (1). Two perforations occurred in 1 child. Complications occurred in 11 (44%) of the 25 cases and were more common after delayed diagnosis (73%). The average hospital stay was 20 days. There was 1 death (4%) attributed to esophageal perforation. Conclusions: Morbidity and mortality are directly related to delays in diagnosis and therapy. Most cases of esophageal perforation in children can be closed primarily and the esophagus salvaged despite delayed presentation. The mortality rate in children with esophageal perforation (4%) is significantly less than that for adults (25%-50%). (Arch Surg. 1996;131:604-611)
The Wage Structure of Latino-Origin Groups across Generations

We analyzed in detail the wages of Latinos of Mexican origin, Central/South Americans, and Puerto Ricans. The wage structure facing second and third- and higher-generation Latinos is very similar to the wage structure of third- and higher-generation White workers. Unlike African American workers, more than half of the native Latino/White wage gap can be accounted for by the lower educational attainment and potential experience of native Latino workers.
Hemoencephalography - A new therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Case report

SUMMARY Background. Hemoencephalography (HEG) is cortical circulatory biofeedback using refracted light tuned to oxygenated hemoglobin, emitted into the skull and detected at the scalp using a photoelectric cell. Red light at 660 nm is used as the probe, with changes in the returning refracted light representing changes in cortical circulation. Method. A single-subject design case study was employed. TL, at age twelve, had a well-established diagnosis of ADHD given by pediatric neurologists, and required significant stimulant medication that was clinically effective. He was performing well in school on Concerta 36 mg at 7 a.m. and Ritalin 5 mg at 4 p.m. Off medication, he had significant abnormalities on IVA testing (Attention Quotient or AQ = 78) and in the quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG). Using HEG, the patient engaged the system to exercise increases in signals corresponding to cortical circulation in the prefrontal cortex. QEEG, Continuous Performance Testing (CPT) and clinical status measure...
Deployment and retrieval simulation of a single tether satellite system

The Getaway Tether Experiment (GATE) is a single-tether satellite system for the study of tether dynamics and electrodynamic technology. One goal of GATE is to measure and control tether disturbances such as those induced by micrometeorite impact, using an active reel type deployer that can retrieve and deploy the tether. A computer simulation of the retrieval and deployment characteristics is essential in properly designing a closed-loop controller for the tethered system. A simulation of a single-tether system has been written which allows the tether to be actively reeled in (retrieval) or passively reeled out (deployment) of the mother subsatellite. Simulation results are presented which show the effects of retrieval and deployment on the system. Three cases are considered: exponential retrieval rate, constant retrieval rate, and pulsed deployment. >
A Mixture Model for Filtering Firms' Profit Rates

Existing methods for sample selection from noisy profit rate data in the industrial organization field of economics tend to be conditional on a covariate’s value that risks discarding valuable information. We condition sample selection on the profit rate data structure instead by use of a Bayesian mixture model. In a two-component (signal and noise) mixture that reflects the prior belief of noisy data, each firm profit rate observation is assigned an indicator latent variable. Gibbs sampling determines the latent variables’ posterior densities, sorting profit rate observations to the signal or noise component. We apply two model specifications to empirical profit rate cross-sections, one with a normal and one with a Laplace signal component. We find the Laplace specification to have a superior fit based on the Bayes factor and the profit rate sample to be time stationary Laplace distributed, corroborating earlier estimates of cross-section distributions. Our model retains 97 %, as opposed to as little as 20 %, of the raw data in a previous application.
Greener synthesis and characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of gold nanoparticles of novel shapes and sizes

We hereby present a novel approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using water soluble, naturally-derived flavonoids. Quercetin pentaphosphate (QPP), quercetin sulfonic acid (QSA) and apigenin triphosphate (ATRP) were utilized as reducing agents and stabilizers for the gold nanoparticle synthesis. Synthesis was achieved at room temperature using water as a solvent and it requires no capping agents. The AuNPs were characterized using UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive absorption spectroscopy (EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The resulting AuNPs were spherical, triangular, cubicle, hexagonal and rectangular in shape. The average particle sizes of 4.85 nm, 9.56 nm and 13.54 nm were obtained for the nanoparticles derived from QPP, ATRP and QSA respectively. The surface plasmon resonance peak of the AuNPs derived from QSA, ATRP and QPP was observed at 541 nm, 544 nm and 547 nm respectively. The AuNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activities of 99.9%, 100% and 99.9% growth inhibition for Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC® 12228™ and Citrobacter freundii ATCC® 8090 at 104 cfu inoculations. The AuNPs were observed to retain stability after 150 days compared to those reported using conventional approaches of 30 days. This work also provides insights into the mechanism of flavonoid-based nanoparticle synthesis while eliminating the use of hazardous and toxic organic solvents and adopting the use of water as a solvent.
Dedicated refurbishing line optimization by simulation

Simulation has gained importance in the consumer electronics After Market Service (AMS) industry, due tofactors such as uncertainty in product returns, stochastic processing times, and unknown or hard-to-predict product demand. Remanufacturing and refurbishing systems may not be analyzed using closed-form expressions due to the complexity caused by above-mentioned factors. In this paper, a detailed simulation optimization study is proposed to better allocate resources within the testing and refurbishing processes. Time studies have been conducted to identify the probability distributions that will be used in the simulation. Also a detailed simulation model using SIMIO® is presented to reflect the complete refurbishing process. We present a framework that can be used in decision-making sequences, allowing us to identify current bottlenecks and evaluate alternate scenarios to improve the system performance.
The Use of Progesterone in Combating Habitual Abortion

Summary 1. In 40 cases of repeated spontaneous abortion treated by progesterone and thyroid extract, 36 living children were born. 2. Pure progesterone seems to be more effective than the extract of the corpus luteum. 3. The fact that a pregnancy has been successfully completed does not obviate the necessity for treatment in subsequent pregnancies. 4. The incidence of fetal abnormality is high among women who bear children after having previously aborted. 5. Endocrinologic investigation of women who bear defective children may be the means of discovering the cause and providing a method of eliminating this complication of pregnancy.