cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parking behaviour: Bundled parking and travel behavior in American cities

We investigate the relationship between bundled residential parking and travel behavior, with a particular focus on use of public transportation, and controlling for vehicle ownership. When the cost of parking is bundled into the price of housing, the time and stress of finding parking near home falls. These lower costs may lead households with bundled parking to drive more and use transit less than households without parking, even if both households own vehicles. To date this idea has been difficult to examine empirically. In this article we test this prediction using the public transportation module of the 2013 American Housing Survey. We confirm the association between bundled parking and travel. Households with bundled parking use transit less, spend more on gasoline, and—when they do take transit—are more likely to drive from their homes to the transit stop.
Secrets in Fashion Entrepreneurship: Exploring Factors Influencing Success in U.S. Fashion New Ventures

In today’s global fashion industry, fashion entrepreneurs push the global fashion industry forward through design innovation and new business models. Consumers’new shopping patterns and emerging technologies have created various opportunities, as well as challenges for fashion entrepreneurs. Many new ventures fail in the early stages (Shirokova & Shatalov, 2010). To achieve research goals, two theoretical perspectives were used in this study. Barney’s(1991) Resource-Based View of the firm helped reveal secrets to success from the firm’s perspective. The Social Cognitive Theory can be used as a supplemental theory to explain secrets to success from the individual(founder/entrepreneur)’s perspective (Boyd & Vozikis, 1994). Thirteen entrepreneurs were recruited to participate interviews using the purposive sampling technique. The data reveal that there are two types of fashion entrepreneurs: pre-determined fashion entrepreneurs and accidental fashion entrepreneurs. The findings also revealed major resources at both firm and individual levels.
Negative capacitance regime in ferroelectrics demystified from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics

Negative capacitance regime in ferroelectrics is associated with the negative slope in the dependence of the polarization on electric field and is prohibited by the laws of equilibrium thermodynamics. Very recently, it developed into a controversial but very productive area with a promise for next generation low-power transistors. At least, in part, the controversies arise from the lack of direct experimental insight into the mechanism for such phenomena. Although the experimental insight is, indeed, challenging at present, we probe the effect in ferroelectric $\mathrm{Pb}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bulk and a thin film with realistic first-principles-based nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations which model most closely experimental conditions. The following insights emerge from the simulations: (i) the ferroelectric never enters the thermodynamically forbidden region even under extreme rates of electric-field application; (ii) the negative slope naturally arises when the compensating charge is either scarce or slowed down by the external circuitry; (iii) the negative slope is well controlled by the interplay between the applied step pulse field and the amount of the screening charge. The latter can be used to design the negative capacitance regime.
Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5–10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.
Nurses' Perceptions of Facilitating Advance Care Planning Conversations in the Emergency Department.

Background: Nurses are well positioned to initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations because of their unique strength in communication and central patient-facing role in the interdisciplina...
Efficient Boolean function matching

Efficient algorithms for performing the matching step in technology mapping are proposed. The main result is an algorithm for matching under input negations that takes time polynomial in the size of the BDDs representing the functions to be matched. This algorithm is the basis for efficient methods for matching under permutations, bridging and constant inputs. A simple mapper based on the algorithms was implemented and tested on a suite of combinational circuits. Using the Actel type 1 mother cell, the mapper required an average of 8.5% fewer cells than mispga. When integrated into a more sophisticated technology mapper, the matching algorithms could provide even better performance. >
Teaching Python for Data Science: Collaborative development of a modular & interactive curriculum

We are bioinformatics trainees at the University of Michigan who started a local chapter of Girls Who Code to provide a fun and supportive environment for high school women to learn the power of coding. Our goal was to cover basic coding topics and data science concepts through live coding and hands-on practice. However, we could not find a resource that exactly met our needs. Therefore, over the past three years, we have developed a curriculum and instructional format using Jupyter notebooks to effectively teach introductory Python for data science. This method, inspired by The Carpentries organization, uses bite-sized lessons followed by independent practice time to reinforce coding concepts, and culminates in a data science capstone project using real-world data. We believe our open curriculum is a valuable resource to the wider education community and hope that educators will use and improve our lessons, practice problems, and teaching best practices. Anyone can contribute to our educational material on GitHub (https://github.com/GWC-DCMB).
Coronary Sinus Ostial Obstruction in Single-Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease: Two Patients With Different Outcomes.

Abstract Coronary sinus ostial obstruction is an exceedingly rare anomaly that is particularly important to diagnose in patients with single-ventricle heart disease before surgical palliation. We p...
Factors Associated with Unplanned Pregnancy Among Cancer Survivors.

Background: Approximately half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. However, women who are diagnosed with cancer in their reproductive years may be a unique population. This study examines the prevalence of and identifies factors associated with unplanned pregnancy among cancer survivors. Methods: Female cancer survivors aged 22-45 years, diagnosed between ages 20-35 years and at least 2 years postdiagnosis, and women with no history of cancer were interviewed about their reproductive histories, including pregnancy intention. Using a random matching process, comparison women were assigned an artificial age at cancer diagnosis equal to that of her cancer survivor match. An adjusted Cox model was fit examining time to unintended pregnancy after cancer for each of 1,000 matches. Cox proportional hazards models were also fit to assess associations between participant characteristics and unplanned pregnancy after cancer among survivors. Results: Cancer survivors (n = 1,282) and comparison women (n = 1,073) reported a similar likelihood of having an unplanned pregnancy in models adjusted for race, income, history of sexually-transmitted infection, and history of unplanned pregnancy before diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.06, 95% simulation interval 0.85-1.36). After adjusting for confounders, unplanned pregnancy among survivors was associated with age <30 years at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.44), black race (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13-2.12; referent: white), receiving fertility counseling (aHR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04-1.92), and having at least one child before diagnosis (aHR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.97). Conclusion: Cancer survivors and comparison women had similar likelihood of unplanned pregnancy. Rates of unplanned pregnancy after cancer were not higher for cancer survivors compared with comparison women, but 46.4% of survivors with a postcancer pregnancy reported an unplanned pregnancy. Cancer patients may benefit from patient-centered guidelines and counseling before cancer treatment that covers both risks of infertility and risks of unplanned pregnancy.
The Psychological Record: Rebirth in 1956

The Psychological Record was revived forty years ago by Paul Swartz, still in his twenties and an assistant professor in a small liberal arts college. This article describes the setting in which it occurred and some of the story of his undertaking.
Proving Watson-Crickery, Napkin by Napkin

Meselson, Stahl, and the Replication of DNA A History of "The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology". Frederic Lawrence Holmes. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2001. 515 pp. $40, £30. ISBN 0-300-08540-0. Holmes provides a comprehensive account of the route to Meselson and Stahl9s classical demonstration of the semi-conservative replication of DNA, and he discusses the reception, influence, and subsequent reputation of the experiment.
Learning to Punish: Experimental Evidence from a Sequential Step-Level Public Goods Game

This paper studies how subjects in a three-person sequential step-level public good game learn to punish free riders more over time. Our current work makes several additions to the literature on other regarding behavior. First, our experiment provides evidence that subjects care about the actions that lead to an outcome as well as the outcome itself, replicating the results of A. Falk, E. Fehr and U. Fischbacher (Economic Inquiry, in press), J. Brandts and C. Sola (Games and Economic Behavior, 36(2), 138–157, 2001.) and J.H. Kagel and K. Wolfe (Working paper, Ohio State University, 1999). Second, our experiment provides one of the first tests of the newer theories of reciprocity by A. Falk and U. Fischbacher (Working paper, University of Zurich, 2000) and G. Charness and M. Rabin (Quarterly Journal of Economics, in press) that take a psychological games approach. We find that these theories fail to explain the experimental data. Finally, we examine the mechanism by which subjects learn to punish free-riding more ofter over time.
Asset price bubbles from poorly aggregated information: A parametric example

Abstract We sketch a parametric example of bubbles, i.e., discrepancies between an asset's fundamental value (under full information aggregation) and market-clearing price. We demonstrate for our exponential/gamma example that bubbles exist and can exhibit momentum and overshooting for some values of the information parameters.
Subject-by-Formulation Interaction in Bioequivalence: Conceptual and Statistical Issues

Purpose. The FDA has proposed replacing the current averagebioequivalence criterion with population and individual bioequivalence criteriathat consider variances in addition to the difference of averages. Oneof these variances in the individual bioequivalence criterion measuressubject-by-formulation interaction, the extent to which thetest-reference difference varies from person to person. This paper discussesconceptual and statistical issues raised in various publications andpresentations with respect to the presence and estimation of such aninteraction.
Antigenic variation among strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae.

The antigenic profiles of six strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae were analyzed by the microimmunofluorescence test (MIF) and immunoblotting with human serum and murine monoclonal antibody. MIF-derived antibody titers in serum samples from culture-positive patients were four- to eightfold higher against autologous isolate antigen than they were against the prototype antigen strain TW-183. Sera of patients with respiratory illness that were culture negative and complement fixation positive for Chlamydia spp. produced higher titers by MIF against a strain of C. pneumoniae isolated in the area than they did against TW-183. For two of five cases, the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of acute infection were met only with use of the antigen from the local strain; TW-183 was inadequate for this purpose. Immunoblot profiles revealed antigenic differences between strains that varied with the human serologic response; i.e., unique antigens were recognized by the sera of some individuals and not by the sera of others. Using the reactivity of a genus-specific monoclonal antibody against a major outer membrane protein, we found that strain CWL-011, isolated in Atlanta, Ga., may possess a major outer membrane protein with a molecular mass between those of C. trachomatis L2 and other C. pneumoniae strains. These data provide evidence of several new and unique serotypes of C. pneumoniae and suggest that the serologic diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection may require the use of antigens from more than one strain of this species. Images
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) at uncommon locations: a large population based analysis.

Introduction Sparse information is available about GISTs in uncommon locations. Our large database analysis aims to determine the characteristics of GISTs in the esophagus, colon and rectum and compare to gastric GISTs. Methods The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 1990 to 2009 using CS SCHEMA v0203. Characteristics of each location were compared to gastric GISTs. Results 4411 GIST (29 esophageal, 2658 stomach, 1463 small intestine, 126 colonic, and 135 rectal) from 1990 to 2009 were identified. Univariate and multivariate predictors of worse disease specific survival in both the entire cohort and surgical resection group include older age, male gender, tumor size > 5cm, no surgical intervention and anatomical location. Although less likely to undergo surgical resection, esophageal GIST (all patients and resected) had a comparable survival to gastric GIST. A higher proportion of colonic GISTs presented with distant disease and had a worse disease specific survival when compared to rectal GISTs. Conclusion Our results show a rising incidence in GISTs and highlight the characteristics of GISTs based on anatomical location. In addition, this is the first study to demonstrate that colonic GISTs behave differently when compared to rectal GISTs and warrants further prospective evaluation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:696–701. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitude dependences of Saturn's ultraviolet aurora

[1] Based on periodicities in the kilometric radio emissions, the Saturn Longitude System 4 (SLS4) was used to organize the far ultraviolet (120–150 nm) aurora observed by the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph on the Cassini spacecraft. Individual Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph pixels were projected onto the ionosphere of Saturn, transformed into the SLS4 north and SLS4 south longitude systems, accumulated over all over auroral observations from 2007 to early 2009, and binned into 1°×1° bins of colatitude. The intensity of the northern aurora showed little variation in its SLS4 north system, but the intensity of the southern aurora exhibited an enhancement of over ~10 kR between ~140–280° SLS4 south longitude. This enhancement may represent the auroral signature of a southern ionospheric vortex proposed in MHD models of Saturn's magnetosphere to explain its periodicities. The loci of the northern intensity peaks and the 3 kR boundaries varied little over 360° of longitude, while the equatorward boundary of the southern aurora varied by ~5° in SLS4 south longitude, reaching its most equatorward location of ~23° colatitude between 100° and 180° longitude. The polygonal centroids of the aurora in both north and south were consistent with offsets of no more than ~1° in both hemispheres.
Overseeing Research: Ethics and the Institutional Review Board

Im vorliegenden Text beziehe ich mich auf meine Erfahrungen mit dem Einreichen eines Forschungsantrags beim "Institutional Review Board" einer Universitat. In den USA sind Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) foderativ beauftragte Ethik-Komitees, in deren Verantwortung es liegt, Forschungsantrage im Sinne des Schutzes der Rechte, der Sicherheit und des Wohlergehens der Proband(inn)en zu evaluieren. Dies geschieht durch eine Risiko/Nutzen-Analyse des jeweiligen Forschungsantrags, die ihrerseits sicherstellt, dass die Einverstandniserklarungen wie auch (vertrauliche) Protokolle korrekt gehandhabt werden und dass die Auswahl der Teilnehmenden fur ein Projekt rechtmasig und gerecht vonstatten geht. Auch wenn die Notwendigkeit von Gremien wie den IRBs unbestritten ist, besteht die Gefahr, dass diese unter Umstanden durch die Art, ihre Forschung darzustellen, und durch ihre Praktiken spezifische Forschungsarten privilegieren. In dem Beitrag werden anhand einer Untersuchung zum stadtischen Naturwissenschaftsunterricht Ubereinstimmungen und Widerspruche der Darstellungsweisen von Forschung aufgedeckt und es wird standiger kritischer, auf besagte Widerspruche bezogener Dialog nahegelegt. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501412
Papillomas and carcinomas in transgenic rabbits carrying EJ-ras DNA and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus DNA.

Abstract Two transgenic rabbits (TRI and TRIII) that carried cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) DNA alone were identified; another (TRII) carried both CRPV DNA and EJ-ras. TRI and TRIII developed extensive skin papillomas at about 1 month of age, and transcripts of CRPV DNA were detectable only in skin and/or papillomas. TRII developed extensive squamous carcinomas of the skin at a very early age. Transcription of both CRPV DNA and EJ-ras was found in the skin cancers. Thus, the tissue specificity of CRPV DNA expression in transgenic rabbits was the same as in virion-infected animals. The expression of EJ-ras could be dependent on the expression of certain CRPV genes and may be a critical cofactor of CRPV DNA in the progression of carcinomas.
Judgments of Hazard, Risk, and Danger: Do They Differ?

There were three purposes of the present research. The first was to test whether some of the discrepancies found in the hazard and risk perception literature were due to differences between the connotations of the terms hazard and risk. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between willingness to read warnings and generalized cautious intent, as well as other relevant variables suggested by past literature. The third purpose was to examine the relation between objective measures of injury (e.g., frequencies of hospital emergency room admissions) and people's subjective perceptions. The results showed that the expressions of hazardous, risky, dangerous and hazardous-to-use connote the same meaning to lay participants. Strong intercorrelations were found between overall unsafeness (a composite of the four hazard-risk expressions), injury severity, cautious intent, and willingness to read warnings. While injury likelihood played a small part in the prediction of willingness to read warnings, the...
Where is car IC testing going

Car ICs will continue to increase in complexity and integration. Test must evolve to maintain quality while not allowing test cost to increase as a percent of the overall cost of the product. Better design for test methods and more focus on DFT will be required to achieve this goal.
Effect of cycloheximide on the synthesis and modification of ribosomal RNA in Neurospora crassa

Abstract 1. 1. Extraction with hot phenol revealed that in Neurospora crassa grown in the presence of cycloheximide a high molecular weight ribosomal precursor RNA accumulates. 2. 2. This RNA is partially methylatable, and both methyl and uracil labels can be chased into rRNA on reincubation of cycloheximide-treated cells in antibiotic-free medium. 3. 3. Methylation of RNA was uniformly and substantially decreased in the methylated nucleotides which were examined. By contrast, the pseudouridylation process in rRNA and ribosomal precursor RNA was unaffected by cycloheximide.
Observations of the 5-day wave in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

The 5-day planetary wave has been detected in the winds measured by the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (50-110 kin). The appearances of the 5-day wave are transient, with a lifetime of 10-20 days in the two-year data set. The structures of selected 5-day wave events are in generally good agreement with the (1,1) Rossby normal mode for both zonal and meridional components. A climatology of the 5-day wave is presented for an altitude of 95 km and latitudes mainly between 40oS and 40oN.
Fast-neutron cross sections and legendre expansion coefficients for oxygen-16

Abstract Fast-neutron cross sections and elastic scattering angular distributions have been prepared for oxygen for energies up to 15·0 MeV. Calculations have been made to fill in the gaps in the angular distribution data between 1·75 and 2·15 MeV.
Electronic Transport through Ruthenium-Based Redox-Active Molecules in Metal−Molecule−Metal Nanogap Junctions

Electronic transport through ruthenium-based redox-active organometallic molecules is measured by self-assembling diruthenium(III) tetra(2-anilinopyridinate)-di(4-thiolphenylethynyl) (trans-Ru2(ap)4(C′CC6H4S−)2 (A) and trans- Ru2(ap)4((C′CC6H4)2S−)2 (B) molecules in nanogap molecular junctions. Voltage sweeps at a high scan rate show low bias current peaks (at ±0.35 ± 0.05 V for A and ±0.27 ± 0.05 V for B), which change to plateaus in slow bias scans and a second conductance peak at approximatley ±1.05 ± 0.15 V. The peaks/plateaus are not observed in the return bias sweeps, possibly due to charge storage in the molecules. The energy states for the molecular orbitals of these molecules as estimated from the conductance peaks are in close agreement with the respective energy values from voltammetric measurements in solution.
The effects of opiate antagonism on gonadotropin secretion in children and in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea

The effects of opiate antagonism [naloxone infusion, 1 mg/(m2 X h)] on gonadotropin secretion were examined in four children (one female and three males: two late prepubertal and two pubertal; chronologic age, range 11.8-15.9 yr; bone age, range 8.5-13.5 yr) and in four women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (two at normal body weight and two at low body weight). Naloxone had no effect on daytime gonadotropin secretion in three children who were biologically the youngest in the group, two late prepubertal and one early pubertal [plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) means +/- SE: control day, 1.2 +/- 0.1; control night, 4.5 +/- 0.4; and naloxone day, 1.3 +/- 0.1 mIU/ml]. In contrast, opiate blockade produced a slight but discernible increase in plasma LH in the child whose hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was the most mature, a boy at mid-puberty. Naloxone produced a striking increase in plasma LH in the amenorrheic women at normal body weight (LH, means +/- SE: control day, 3.4 +/- 0.3; control night, 7.0 +/- 1.0; and naloxone day, 7.4 +/- 0.7 mIU/ml) as well as in those at low body weight (LH, means +/- SE: control day, 3.5 +/- 0.3; control night, 2.8 +/- 0.2; naloxone day, 4.9 +/- 0.4; and naloxone night, 6.7 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml). Antagonism of endogenous opiate activity increased LH pulse frequency in all four women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Promoting academic engagement among minority youth: implications from John Ogbu’s Shaker Heights ethnography

This article offers analysis and critique of John Ogbu’s last ethnography, titled Black American students in an affluent suburb, in which he described a set of community forces contributing to the academic disengagement of African American youth. Its purposes are threefold: first, to briefly layout Ogbu’s findings; second, to compare these to findings emerging from the author’s current research on school factors that promote and impede success in school for working‐class and migrant students of Mexican descent; and third, to point to ways in which Ogbu, by his almost singular attention to the role of community forces, discounted the power of school factors – both as barriers to achievement and as forces for promoting school engagement and academic success. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications that flow from Ogbu’s analysis, as well as the author’s research.
Estimation of thyroxine secretion rate in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus: effects of sex, age and season.

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in thyroxine secretion rate (TSR) in response to season, age and sex were studied in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus. 2. 2. The TSR was calculated as the product of (a) disappearance rate (k) of labeled thyroxine/day, (b) the concentration of plasma thyroxine (PT) and (c) the volume of thryoxine distribution space (TDS). 3. 3. All thyroid indices showed no significant change due to the different climatic seasons in the Arctic. 4. 4. The biokinetic parameters of thyroid function (TSR) and (k) decreased markedly with age. Sex has little effect on thyroid activity. 5. 5. In conclusion, the thyroid gland appears to play a relatively minor role in acclimatization of reindeer to the Arctic.
Successive Softening and Cyclic Damage in Viscoplastic Material

A successive initiation finite element modeling approach is presented in which an empirical continuum damage model, energy partitioning damage evolution model, developed by the author is used to update state of damage and constitutive properties of the material under thermomechanical cyclic loading and accumulate damage in the elements. Plastic and viscoplastic damages are evaluated based on the plastic and viscoplastic work densities obtained through finite element. Constitutive properties are updated elementwise at each step of the process based on the state of damage in each element. The elements that have reached the damage threshold are removed from the structure to initiate and propagate fatigue crack. This successive initiation approach is used to model crack initiation and propagation in Pb-free solder material under thermomechanical loading. A case study is presented, damage propagation path and pattern are compared with typical experimental results, and the accuracy of the model was verified.
Locus of Control and Field Independence-Dependence as Factors in the Development of Moral Judgment

Abstract This study examined the relationship of locus of control and field independence-dependence to the moral judgment of 88 undergraduates. Singly and conjointly, locus of control and field independence-dependence were found to predict students' levels of moral judgment. Externally controlled, field dependent students demonstrated lowest levels of moral judgment, while internally controlled, field independent students demonstrated highest levels. No link was found between sex of students and levels of moral judgment.
Cerebral White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Aging: Contributions from Diffusion Tensor Imaging

The integrity of cerebral white matter is critical for efficient cognitive functioning, but little is known regarding the role of white matter integrity in age-related differences in cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures the directional displacement of molecular water and as a result can characterize the properties of white matter that combine to restrict diffusivity in a spatially coherent manner. This review considers DTI studies of aging and their implications for understanding adult age differences in cognitive performance. Decline in white matter integrity contributes to a disconnection among distributed neural systems, with a consistent effect on perceptual speed and executive functioning. The relation between white matter integrity and cognition varies across brain regions, with some evidence suggesting that age-related effects exhibit an anterior–posterior gradient. With continued improvements in spatial resolution and integration with functional brain imaging, DTI holds considerable promise, both for theories of cognitive aging and for translational application.
Transversals, systems of distinct representatives, mechanism design, and matching

A transversal generated by a system of distinct representatives (SDR) for a collection of sets consists of an element from each set (its representative) such that the representative uniquely identifies the set it belongs to. Theorem 1 gives a necessary and sufficient condition that an arbitrary collection, finite or infinite, of sets, finite or infinite, have an SDR. The proof is direct, short. A Corollary to Theorem 1 shows explicitly the application to matching problems.
Hematologic Malignancies in Pregnancy

Hematologic malignancies complicating pregnancy are uncommon, but a delay in diagnosis or treatment can mean the difference between life and death. It is the responsibility of the obstetrician, nurse-midwife, or nurse practitioner to maintain a high index of suspicion when patients present with unexplained lymphadenopathy or protracted constitutional symptoms. Management of these patients requires a multifaceted team from the oncology, pediatrics, and obstetrics services. With most hematologic cancers now requiring multiagent chemotherapy for optimal survival, the patient, her family, and her physicians are often faced with what seems to be a Faustian dilemma. Most infants exposed in utero to multiagent chemotherapy, however, seem to suffer no long-term detrimental consequences.
Long-term herbarium records reveal temperature-dependent changes in flowering phenology in the southeastern USA

In recent years, a growing body of evidence has emerged indicating that the relationship between flowering phenology and climate may differ throughout various portions of the growing season. These differences have resulted in long-term changes in flowering synchrony that may alter the quantity and diversity of pollinator attention to many species, as well as altering food availability to pollenivorous and nectarivorous animal species. However, long-term multi-season records of past flowering timing have primarily focused on temperate environments. In contrast, changes in flowering phenology within humid subtropical environments such as the southeastern USA remain poorly documented. This research uses herbarium-based methods to examine changes in flowering time across 19,328 samples of spring-, summer-, and autumn-flowering plants in the southeastern USA from the years 1951 to 2009. In this study, species that flower near the onset of the growing season were found to advance under increasing mean March temperatures (−3.391 days/°C, p = 0.022). No long-term advances in early spring flowering or spring temperature were detected during this period, corroborating previous phenological assessments for the southeastern USA. However, late spring through mid-summer flowering exhibited delays in response to higher February temperatures (over 0.1.85 days/°C, p ≤ 0.041 in all cases). Thus, it appears that flowering synchrony may undergo significant restructuring in response to warming spring temperatures, even in humid subtropical environments.
Attention, Awareness, and Foreign Language Behavior

This study qualitatively and quantitatively addressed the role of awareness in relation to Schmidt's noticing hypothesis in second language acquisition (1990, 1993, 1994, 1995). It analyzed both the think-aloud protocols produced by 28 beginning adult L2 learners of Spanish (selected carefully from a pool of 85 people on the basis of relevant criteria) completing a problem-solving task and their immediate performances on 2 post-exposure assessment tasks, a recognition and written production task. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of learners' performances suggest the following conclusions: (a) Different levels of awareness lead to differences in processing, (b) more awareness contributes to more recognition and accurate written production of noticed forms, and (c) the findings provide empirical support for the facilitative effects of awareness on foreign language behavior.
Effects of deionized water on viability of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

Abstract 1. Zebra mussels exposed to deionized water (DW, changed daily) begin to die within several days. More than half the animals die in DW within a week. 2. Animals allowed to reattach themselves prior to exposure to DW live somewhat longer than detached animals exposed to DW but are still sensitive to the toxic effects of DW. 3. Small animals die in response to DW faster than large animals. 4. The toxic effect of DW can be suppressed by addition of 0.5 mM NaCl, 0.25 mM MgSO 4 , or small amounts of aquarium water. 5. KCl is about 10 times more toxic to zebra mussels when applied in DW than when applied in aquarium water. 6. The toxic effects of 37 mg KCl/1 DW are not prevented by the addition of 0.5 mM NaCl or 0.25 mM MgSO 4 . 7. Stimulation of potassium transport mechanisms by DW may account for the increased toxicity of KCl in DW. Toxic effects of DW and increased toxicity of potassium in DW may have applications in controlling zebra mussel infestations.
Prechemotherapy laparoscopic nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is emerging as the treatment of choice for localized renal malignancies in adults. Despite the widespread use of laparoscopic nephrectomy for benign renal disease in infants and children, the laparoscopic approach has not been employed for pediatric Wilms' tumor except following systemic chemotherapy. We report the results of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for removal of unilateral Wilms' tumor prior to the administration of systemic chemotherapy in two patients.
DGENERATIVE CHANGES IN NEUTROPHILS-AN INDICATOR OF BACTERIAL INFECTION

In 157 neonates in whom a sepsis work-up was performed, 195 peripheral blood smears were reviewed. Neutrophil degenerative changes (vacuolization and toxic granulation) were seen frequently in culture proven bacterial sepsis. Seventeen of 21 peripheral blood smears from neonates subsequently proven to have bacterial infection had vacuolization in neutrophils for a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 93% and positive predictive accuracy of 59%. Comparison of relative values for predicting neonatal bacterial infection utililizing five items from a single blood sample are shown in the table: Vacuolization and toxic granulation of neutrophils are often found in the peripheral blood smear of neonates with bacterial infection and appear to be more reliable indicators of septicemia than traditional tests.
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN THE INFLUENZA A VIRUS NS1 PROTEIN AND THE INTERFERON-INDUCED PKR PROTEIN KINASE

ABSTRACT The interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase (PKR) functions as a gatekeeper of mRNA translation initiation and is, therefore, a key mediator of the host IFN-induced antiviral defense syste...
Acknowledging abuse backgrounds of intensive case management clients.

Routine inquiry about abuse experiences as children and adults yielded high levels of positive responses among 89 intensive case management clients Through structured interviews administered by their case managers, clients disclosed backgrounds in families with one or more alcoholic adults, incest, other childhood sexual abuse, and extensive physical abuse. Gender played a major role. Being an ACOA also predicted extensive additional abuse. Clients were not treated for abuse, nor diagnosed for its impact, nor responded to when they initiated discussion with mental health providers. Later outcomes include frequent hospitalizations, substance abuse and selfmutilation.
Experimental determination of sarcomere force-length relationship in type-I human skeletal muscle fibers.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to measure the active and passive force–length (F–L) relationships in type-I human single muscle fibers and to compare the results to predictions from the sliding filament model (the “standard model”). We measured isometric forces in chemically skinned fibers at different sarcomere lengths (SLs) in separate maximal activations. The experimental tolerance interval for optimal SL was calculated to be (2.37, 2.95 μm), which included the prediction by the standard model (2.64, 2.81 μm). Average passive slack length was 2.22±0.08 μm, and the passive F–L relationship was well described by an exponential function. Best fit lines were used to estimate the ascending and descending limbs from the active F–L data using the average SL obtained from a digital image of the fiber. The experimental descending limb was also estimated using the shortest SL to address the possible effects of sarcomere inhomogeneity (SI). The experimental slopes of the ascending and descending limbs, 0.42 Fo/μm and −0.52 Fo/μm (vs. −0.55 Fo/μm with the shortest SL) respectively, Fo being the maximal isometric force, were significantly less in magnitude than those from the standard model. These results suggested that the difference between experimental and standard models was not fully explained by SI and other factors could be important. The broader experimental F–L curve compared to the standard model implies that human muscle has functionally a wider operating length range where its force-generating capacity is not compromised.
Orientability and Diffusion Maps.

Abstract One of the main objectives in the analysis of a high dimensional large data set is to learn its geometric and topological structure. Even though the data itself is parameterized as a point cloud in a high dimensional ambient space R p , the correlation between parameters often suggests the “manifold assumption” that the data points are distributed on (or near) a low dimensional Riemannian manifold M d embedded in R p , with d ≪ p . We introduce an algorithm that determines the orientability of the intrinsic manifold given a sufficiently large number of sampled data points. If the manifold is orientable, then our algorithm also provides an alternative procedure for computing the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian that are important in the diffusion map framework for reducing the dimensionality of the data. If the manifold is non-orientable, then we provide a modified diffusion mapping of its orientable double covering.
Lap-band impact on the function of the esophagus.

The laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) has been widely used to treat morbid obesity. There is conflicting data on its long-term effect on esophageal function. Our aim was to assess the long-term impact of the LAGB on esophageal motility and pH-metry in patients who had LAGB who had normal and abnormal esophageal function at baseline. Consecutive patients referred for bariatric surgery were prospectively enrolled. A detailed medical history was obtained, and esophageal manometric and 24-h pH evaluations were performed in standard fashion preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively; patients served as their own controls. Twenty-two patients completed manometric evaluation. Ten patients had normal manometric parameters at baseline; at 6 months, mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) residual pressure increased significantly from baseline (3.9 ± 2 vs. 8.9 ± 4 mmHg, p = 0.014). At 12 months, the mean peristaltic wave duration increased from 3.6 ± 1 at baseline to 6.8 ± 2 s, p = 0.025 and wave amplitude decreased during the same period (98.7 ± 22 vs. 52.3 ± 24, p = 0.013). LES pressure and percent peristalsis did not differ significantly pre- and post-LAGB. Twelve patients had one or more abnormal manometric findings at baseline; at 12 months, LES pressure in these 12 patients decreased significantly (31.1 ± 10 vs 23.6 ± 7, p = 0.011) and wave amplitude was significantly reduced (125.9 ± 117 vs 103 ± 107, p = 0.039). LES residual pressure did not change significantly pre- and post-LAGB. Twenty-two individuals were evaluated for impact of Lap-Band on esophageal acid exposure. Sixteen of these patients had normal esophageal pH-metry values at baseline and had no significant changes in 12 months in any pH-metry measurement. Six patients had abnormal pH-metry values at baseline. Among these patients, time with pH < 4.0 and Johnson/DeMeester score did not change significantly during follow-up. There was a significant decrease in the number of reflux episodes from baseline to 6 months (159 ± 48 vs. 81 ± 61, p = 0.016). Abnormal manometric findings are frequently encountered post-LAGB. Increases in LES residual pressure and peristaltic wave duration were the most significant changes. LAGB is not associated with an increase in total esophageal acidification time. Further evaluation of the clinical significance of manometric abnormalities is warranted.
ATR architecture for multisensor fusion

The work of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in the area of algorithms for the identification of static military targets in single-frame electro-optical (EO) imagery has demonstrated great potential in platform-based automatic target identification (ATI). In this case, the term identification is used to mean being able to tell the difference between two military vehicles -- e.g., the M60 from the T72. ARL's work includes not only single-sensor forward-looking infrared (FLIR) ATI algorithms, but also multi-sensor ATI algorithms. We briefly discuss ARL's hybrid model-based/data-learning strategy for ATI, which represents a significant step forward in ATI algorithm design. For example, in the case of single sensor FLIR it allows the human algorithm designer to build directly into the algorithm knowledge that can be adequately modeled at this time, such as the target geometry which directly translates into the target silhouette in the FLIR realm. In addition, it allows structure that is not currently well understood (i.e., adequately modeled) to be incorporated through automated data-learning algorithms, which in a FLIR directly translates into an internal thermal target structure signature. This paper shows the direct applicability of this strategy to both the single-sensor FLIR as well as the multi-sensor FLIR and laser radar.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Brassica anther-specific genes: characterization and in situ localization of expression.

A cDNA library of Brassica napus (cv. Westar) was constructed using poly(A)+ RNA isolated from developing anthers of flower buds 2–3 mm in length. Differential hybridization, using cDNA probes complementary to poly(A)+ RNA from developing anthers or seedlings, was used for initial screening. In addition to Southern and Northern blot analyses of selected clones, RNA-PCR assays and in situ hybridization were used to study the temporal and spatial gene regulation in anthers at the transcriptional level. Five independent cDNA clones, showing no cross-hybridization to one another, were characterized, and their expression patterns could be grouped into three distinct categories. Two cDNA clones, BA112 and BA158, are tapetum-specific: the corresponding mRNAs accumulate in young anthers and decline as the tapetum cells degenerate later in anther development. The transcripts represented by BA54 and BA73 accumulate late in anther development and reach a maximum level in mature anthers prior to anthesis; BA54 has been confirmed to be pollen-specific. The third category, represented by BA42, is found to encode a protein sharing 64–67% amino acid similarity with chalcone synthase (CHS) from various plant species; the transcript is localized in the peripheral cells of the vascular bundle, tapetum, and developing microspores.
Two regeneration systems for the production of haploid plants from wheat anther culture

Abstract Haploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants can be regenerated from microspores via two different systems. The first step for both systems is the formation of embryoids from microscopes cultured on P1 media. In one system embryoids can be induced to germinate: embryogenesis. The second system produces plants via green centers: organogenesis. The two system are comparable in the number of green plants produced and the frequency of aneuploid production. The embruogenic system requires half the time in culture and two fewer transfers when compared to the organogenic system, making embrygenesis the more efficient choice for plant production via anther culture.
The effect of N-nitrosonornicotine on the buccal mucosa of Syrian hamsters.

Abstract Purpose: The carcinogens in smokeless tobacco have been identified as the tobacco-specific nitrosamines and the effect of one of these, N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN), on the buccal mucosa of the Syrian hamster was studied. Materials and Methods: Buccal pouches of 36 Syrian hamsters were painted five times per week for 24 weeks with 10 mg/mL 98% pure NNN in suspension with mineral oil. Animals were killed at 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: At 6 weeks, the buccal pouch mucosa of the experimental animals appeared clinically more hyperemic than those of the controls. From 12 weeks onward, all experimental animals showed epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation on histologic examination. Three animals killed at 24 weeks showed mild epithelial dysplasia. Conclusions: Exposure of Syrian hamster buccal mucosa to NNN, five times per week for 24 weeks, did not result in clinical or histologic cancerous changes. NNN may require other factors for cancer production, such as a cocarcinogen, a higher concentration, or a longer period of application.
Rainbow trout display a developmental shift in red muscle kinetics, swimming kinematics and myosin heavy chain isoform

Both activation and relaxation times of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss red muscle were shorter in parr than in older juveniles. Furthermore, parr red muscle had a faster maximum shortening velocity than that of older fish, as estimated with the force-clamp technique. Parr swam with higher tailbeat frequencies and lower tailbeat amplitude than did older fish across a range of length-specific steady swimming speeds. The developmental shift in contraction kinetics of red muscle and steady swimming kinematics was associated with a reduction from two or three myosin heavy chain isoforms in parr to one in older juveniles. This transition provides a mechanism to explain the variations in muscle contraction kinetics and swimming performance.
Long time step molecular dynamics using targeted Langevin stabilization

We introduce the B-spline Mollified Impulse (MOLLY) and the Targeted MOLLY (TM) for molecular dynamics (MD). TM uses targeted Langevin coupling to stabilize B-spline MOLLY. Results show that with a proper choice of parameters, the radial distribution function can be correctly recovered and the self-diffusion co-efficient can be correctly estimated from MD simulations of flexible waters using TM with outer time step of 16 fs, and a six-fold speedup is obtained. The basis of comparison is leapfrog with time step of 1 fs The overhead associated with mollification is low. Extention to handle larger molecules is discussed.