cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic Proteomic Identification of the Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp) that Interact with Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) and Biochemical Characterization of the ERα-Hsp70 Interaction

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are known to associate with estrogen receptors (ER) and regulate ER-mediated cell proliferation. Historically, the studies in this area have focused on Hsp90. However, some critical aspects of the Hsp-ERα interactions remain unclear. For example, we do not know which Hsps are the major or minor ERα interactants and whether or not different Hsp isoforms associate equally with ERα. In the present study, through a quantitative proteomic method we found that 21 Hsps and 3 Hsp cochaperones were associated with ERα in human 293T cells that were cultured in a medium containing necessary elements for cell proliferation. Four Hsp70s (Hsp70-1, Hsc70, Grp75, and Grp78) were the most abundant Hsps identified to associate with ERα, followed by two Hsp90s (Hsp90α and Hsp90β) and three Hsp110s (Hsp105, HspA4, and HspA4L). Hsp90α was found to be 2-3 times more abundant than Hsp90β in the ERα-containing complexes. Among the reported Hsp cochaperones, we detected prostaglandin E synthase 3 (p23), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 (FKBP51), and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP (CHIP). Studies with the two most abundant ERα-associated Hsps, Hsp70-1 and Hsc70, using human breast cancer MCF7 cells demonstrate that the two Hsps interacted with ERα in both the cytoplasm and nucleus when the cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and phenol red. Interestingly, the ERα-Hsp70-1/Hsc70 interactions were detected only in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus under hormone starvation conditions, and stimulation of the starved cells with 17β-estradiol (E2) did not change this. In addition, E2-treatment weakened the ERα-Hsc70 interaction but had no effect on the ERα-Hsp70-1 interaction. Further studies showed that significant portions of Hsp70-1 and Hsc70 were associated with transcriptionally active chromatin and inactive chromatin, and the two Hsps interacted with ERα in both forms of the chromatins in MCF7 cells.
Calcium, cofactor, and propranolol induced changes in the kinetic variations of rat raphe tryptophan hydroxylase activity

In the presence of physiological concentrations of substrate and cofactor, the kinetics of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH) activity over increasing concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) demonstrate nonlinearity, yielding multiple quasi-regular zones of zero slope in their velocity functions (Knapp & Mandell, 1979, 1981) similar to the “intermediary plateau regions” in substrate saturation curves reported by Teipel and Koshland (1969). We have shown that calcium, known to reduce the Km of TPOH for both cofactor and substrate (Knapp et al., 1975; Boadle-Biber, 1975), shifts the reiterative rat raphe cofactor velocity curve to the left. Using the tools of variational analysis and fine-grained kinetic studies, we have now quantified the cofactor-dependent fluctuations of TPOH velocity in the presence of physiological concentrations of substrate and cofactor, demonstrating that cofactor-dependent as well as time-dependent kinetic functions of raphe TPOH are reiterative, manifesting intermediary saturation plateaus over cofactor and multiple characteristic power spectral peaks over time.
Using Data Analytics to Further Understand the Role that Boredom, Loneliness, Social Anxiety, Social Gratification, and Social Relationships (BRAG) Play in a Driver’s Decision to Text

Texting while driving is a growing problem that current efforts have failed to curtail. This behavior has serious, and sometimes fatal, consequences, and the factors that cause a driver to text are not well understood. This study investigates the influence that boredom, social relationships, social anxiety, and social gratification (BRAG) have upon the texting driver. A survey instrument was used to collect data from 297 respondents at a mid-sized regional university in the Pacific North west of the United States. The data was evaluated with PLS-SEM, which indicated that social gratification plays a very significant role in a driver’s decision to text. Additionally, data visualization techniques were used to gain additional knowledge from the data. The analysis with these techniques indicated that social anxiety may also play a role in a driver’s decision to text.
An efficient encoding scheme for ultra-fast flash ADC

We propose an encoder design using the robust principle of programmable logic arrays (PLA). High-speed operation in the MHz-GHz range is the major goal of flash ADC design. High-speed ADC needs a fast comparator, a high-speed encoder and a fast sample-and-hold circuit. The paper discusses these three areas of high-speed ADC design; they each need equal careful attention.
Quantitative and pathologist-read comparison of the heterogeneity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung cancer

PD-L1 is expressed in a percentage of lung cancer patients and those patients show increased likelihood of response to PD-1 axis therapies. However, the methods and assays for the assessment of PD-L1 using immunohistochemistry are variable and PD-L1 expression appears to be highly heterogeneous. Here, we examine assay heterogeneity parameters toward the goal of determining variability of sampling and the variability due to pathologist-based reading of the immunohistochemistry slide. SP142, a rabbit monoclonal antibody, was used to detect PD-L1 by both chromogenic immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunofluorescence using a laboratory-derived test. Five pathologists scored the percentage of PD-L1 positivity in tumor- and stromal-immune cells of 35 resected non-small cell lung cancer cases, each represented on three separate blocks. An intraclass correlation coefficient of 94% agreement was seen among the pathologists for the assessment of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but only 27% agreement was seen in stromal/immune cell PD-L1 expression. The block-to-block reproducibility of each pathologist's score was 94% for tumor cells and 75% among stromal/immune cells. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between pathologists' readings and the mean immunofluorescence score among blocks was 94% in tumor and 68% in stroma. Pathologists were highly concordant for PD-L1 tumor scoring, but not for stromal/immune cell scoring. Pathologist scores and immunofluorescence scores were concordant for tumor tissue, but not for stromal/immune cells. PD-L1 expression was similar among all the three blocks from each tumor, indicating that staining of one block is enough to represent the entire tumor and that the spatial distribution of heterogeneity of expression of PD-L1 is within the area represented in a single block. Future studies are needed to determine the minimum representative tumor area for PD-L1 assessment for response to therapy.
Trade-Offs Between Synchronization, Communication, and Computation in Parallel Linear Algebra Computations

This article derives trade-offs between three basic costs of a parallel algorithm: synchronization, data movement, and computational cost. These trade-offs are lower bounds on the execution time of the algorithm that are independent of the number of processors but dependent on the problem size. Therefore, they provide lower bounds on the execution time of any parallel schedule of an algorithm computed by a system composed of any number of homogeneous processors, each with associated computational, communication, and synchronization costs. We employ a theoretical model that measures the amount of work and data movement as a maximum over that incurred along any execution path during the parallel computation. By considering this metric rather than the total communication volume over the whole machine, we obtain new insights into the characteristics of parallel schedules for algorithms with nontrivial dependency structures. We also present reductions from BSP and LogGP algorithms to our execution model, extending our lower bounds to these two models of parallel computation. We first develop our results for general dependency graphs and hypergraphs based on their expansion properties, and then we apply the theorem to a number of specific algorithms in numerical linear algebra, namely triangular substitution, Cholesky factorization, and stencil computations. We represent some of these algorithms as families of dependency graphs. We derive their communication lower bounds by studying the communication requirements of the hypergraph structures shared by these dependency graphs. In addition to these lower bounds, we introduce a new communication-efficient parallelization for stencil computation algorithms, which is motivated by results of our lower bound analysis and the properties of previously existing parallelizations of the algorithms.
Image-Guided Percutaneous Spine and Rib Biopsy: Pathology

A biopsy procedure does not necessarily start and end with the performance of the procedure. The objective of a biopsy is to obtain pathologic tissue in a sufficient amount so as to enable a pathologist and/or a microbiologist to make the diagnosis. The assumption that all that is necessary is to provide them with a specimen and that they will make the diagnosis can be equated with the request for an imaging study and the typical poor/vague history that presents itself at the radiologist’s reading station. Neither of these scenarios results in excellent medical care.
Steady State Optimal Test Signal Design for Constrained Multivariable Systems

Abstract A new input signal design method is proposed for constrained multivariable systems that aims to maximize the signal to noise ratio while also meeting certain input and output constraints. The proposed methodology utilizes an approximate steady state model that is assumed to be known a-priori. The steady state operability concepts are used to incorporate the steady state input and output constraints into the signal design. The input test signal design problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem and it is shown that all the existing methods can be unified under this proposed design framework. It will be proven that the design method is D-optimal from a steady state perspective. For ill-conditioned systems, more energy will be automatically directed in the weak directions. An example will be given to demonstrate the superiority of the method.
Heterogeneity in Mixed Cerium Oxides and Its Influence on the Behavior of Gold Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Ethanol

Mixed metal oxides have been investigated for a host of applications, yet many questions regarding the relationship between their material properties and their functional behavior remain unanswered. Mixed metal oxides are frequently used as support materials for catalytic processes, and the structure/composition of the oxide can significantly influence the behavior of a mixed oxide supported catalyst. In this article, we study the material properties of binary mixed cerium oxide supports synthesized with various metal additives and their corresponding influences on the behavior of gold catalysts for selective oxidation of ethanol. We have found that, although all of these materials exhibited X-ray diffraction patterns consistent with a pure cerium oxide phase, compositional heterogeneities were present in many of the samples, as indicated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and temperature-programmed-reduction techniques. Furthermore, the mixed cerium oxide supported gold catalysts demonstra...
Is There a Best Stimulation Protocol

It is unfortunate that we do not have an Alfred Tennyson to describe our efforts, but we fancy ourselves modern knights as we too seek a Holy Grail in the form of a universal stimulation protocol which can apply to all patients and which can produce many fertilizable eggs and a pregnancy and term delivery rate better than natural fecundity. Does such a holy stimulation exist? The main purpose of this exercise is to examine that question in the context of stimulation with gonadotropins, the topic assigned to me by the organizing committee.
Macroscopic Self Organization at Geological and Other First Order Phase Transitions

A central prerequisite for the establishment of macroscopic self organization is that a system be sufficiently far from equilibrium. During the transformation from one thermodynamic phase to another, some systems can be so arranged that they can exhibit macroscopic self organization phenomena. One interesting feature of such self organization phenomena is that the spatial patterns that result from them can persist for very long periods after the original pattern was generated and the thermodynamic driving force for the processes involved has essentially gone to zero. Thus many systems undergoing first order phase transitions can not only generate patterns but can also “freeze in” patterns.
Assembly of Receptive Fields in Cat Visual Cortex

The origin of orientation selectivity in the responses of simple cells in cat visual cortex serves as a model problem for understanding cortical circuitry and computation. The feedforward model of Hubel and Wiesel [1] posits that this selectivity arises simply from the spatial organization of the receptive fields of thalamic inputs synapsing on each simple cell. Much evidence, including a number of recent intracellular studies, supports a primary role of the thalamic inputs in determining simple-cell response properties including orientation tuning. And yet, while the feedforward model seems to explain the broad outline of simple-cell properties, there are number of detailed aspects of the behavior of simple cells that have appeared not to be accounted for by the feedforward model. These properties include contrast invariance of orientation tuning, the exact relationship between receptive field geometry and orientation tuning, and the dynamics of orientation tuning. The apparent failures of the feedforward model have prompted the development of a class of models that rely on feedback circuitry within the cortex: Properly arranged feedback from excitatory connections within an orientation column and inhibitory connections to adjacent columns can account for many of the properties that the feedforward models miss. The feedforward and feedback models are different enough in character that they make radically different predictions about the nature of the computation performed by the cortex, the feedforward models acting more like passive filters, and the feedback models more actively shaping the representation of the retinal image. I will review a series of experiments designed to test these two models, and present evidence that the feedforward models, with little modification, can account in detail for the behavior of cortical simple cells.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10: A Disease Caused by a Large ATTCT Repeat Expansion

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA 1 0) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by ataxia and seizures. 1-3 It belongs to a group of diseases known as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCAs). To date, 16 ADCA loci, including SCA1,4SCA2,5-7 SCA3/Machado-Joseph disease (MJD),8 SCA4,9 SCAS, 10 SCA6, II SCA7,12 SCA8,13 SCAlO,2,3 SCAll,14 SCA12,15 SCAI3,16 SCA14,17 SCA16,17a SCA1717b,17c,17d and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), 18,19 have been mapped to specific chromosomal regions. While mutations involved in SCA4, SCAS, SCA 11, SCA13, SCA14 and SCA16 have not been identified, six of these 14 ADCAs, including SCA1, SCA2, SCA3IMJD, SCA6, SCA 7, SCA 17 and DRPLA, have shown an expansion of a coding CAG trinucleotide repeat tract as the disease-causing mutation at the respective loci. In each of these diseases, the CAG repeat encodes a polyglutamine tract; therefore, an expansion of the CAG repeat gives rise to an elongation of the polyglutamine tract in the protein product. There is increasing evidence that the elongated polyglutamine tract leads to a gain of novel toxic function that causes the disease. 2o -29 One exception may be SCA6, in which the polyglutamine tract is located in the alpha-l A calcium channel subunit (CA CNA J A) gene, which shows a high level of expression in cerebellum. II The expansion size is 21-33 repeats, which would be within the normal range for other SCAs. Functional alterations of the P/Q type calcium channels in the cerebellum is a likely consequence although a gain of novel toxic function has also been postulated as the pathogenic mechanism of SCA6. In most ADCAs with polyglutarnine expansions, the age of disease onset becomes progressively earlier in successive generations with
Side to side closure after mohs surgery

Side to side closure is defined as linear closure. Meticulous planning must be carried out so that inherent, vertical, and lateral restraints are optimized. Provided that function and form are conserved, then cosmetic appearance should be considered. The principles of tissue closure including free margins, aesthetic units, and relaxed skin tension lines should be carefully considered when performing side to side closures. This chapter discusses side to side closures as well as a number of complications that can occur when using this type of closure.
Climate? Paper or plastic? Pollution? It doesn't matter - freedom is the solution

Due to specialisation and the division of labour non-meteorologists cannot but take seriously the findings of environmental scientists. But this only holds true when those involved in ecological studies are able to freely conduct their research. That relatively rather low bar, sadly, has not been reached in recent debates in this field. The point is when scientists, or specialists, in a given discipline are free to present their theories and evidence, then, laypersons would be well-advised to take into account their findings. But when scholars are not allowed to do so then the 'findings' of the majority of them must be taken with a grain of salt. The present paper attempts to find our way forward in this not only non-scientific, but anti-scientific milieu.
Sensing-Based Distributed State Estimation for Cooperative Multiagent Systems

Distributed estimation has proven to be suitable for many multiagent system (MAS) applications, yet it relies heavily on information exchange via a costly and vulnerable communication network. This paper proposes a sensing-based distributed estimation algorithm that enables a local monitoring agent to expand its estimation capabilities beyond its sensing range without needing communication overhead. The key to expanding the limited sensing range is to incorporate the MAS's cooperative control protocol, allowing the monitoring agent to infer the state of out-of-range agents from the behavior of in-range agents that may interact with them. Then, the state estimation for out-of-range agents is performed through a Bayesian approach that considers the correlation of state estimates between in-range and out-of-range agents. This approach of only taking sensor measurements of local monitoring agents without interagent communications can successfully compensate for the existing communication-based distributed estimation methods. The performance of the proposed sensing-based distributed estimation algorithm is theoretically verified and demonstrated with numerical simulations of a multivehicle formation flight example.
Modified Distal Dunk Technique for Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Shunt in Stage 1 Palliation

Although the use of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt as a source of pulmonary blood flow in stage 1 Norwood palliation is common, there is no uniform agreement on the optimal surgical technique. We present a technique for creating the distal connection aimed at minimizing procedural bleeding, promoting distal patency, and facilitating second-stage palliation.
Certifier Competition and Audit Grades

Third party certification bodies audit companies to determine compliance with standards. We introduce a model of oligopoly competition between certification bodies, showing that a higher degree of certification body competition results in higher grades. We empirically test this hypothesis using panel data from the British Retail Consortium food program, a leading international food safety standard for food manufacturers, and find evidence that a higher degree of competition between certification bodies is associated with higher audit grades. Grades are lower the first time manufacturers certify, suggesting certification may improve food safety practices. Producers with multiple certified sites obtain higher grades.
Educational Strategies to Prevent Prehospital Delay in Patients at High Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program

An estimated 13 million people in the United States have coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral vascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The risk for subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) and death in these patients is fivefold to sevenfold higher than for the general population. Many effective therapies are now available for patients with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), potentially fatal arrhythmias, and cardiogenic shock if they seek and receive care expeditiously. However, delays in accessing and receiving care are a continuing problem, threatening the effectiveness of available treatments. Patients with previously diagnosed CHD, including a previous MI, have the same or greater delay times as those without prior MI or CHD. Because of the high-risk status of these patients, combined with the problem of delay in seeking care, this Working Group of the National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee advises physicians and other healthcare providers of their important role in reducing treatment delay in these patients. The Working Group recommends that primary care clinicians in the office and in inpatient settings provide these patients and their family members or significant others with contingency counseling about actions to take in response to symptoms of an AMI. The counseling should address the emotional aspects (e.g., fear and denial) that patients and those around them may experience, as well as barriers that may be associated with the healthcare delivery system. Assistance from other healthcare providers (e.g., nurses) should be solicited to initiate, reinforce, and supplement the counseling. A Patient Advisory Form is offered as an aid to providers in counseling their high-risk patients about these issues. Other materials and aids should be considered as well. Physicians’ offices and clinics should devise a system to triage patients rapidly when they call or walk in seeking advice for possible AMI symptoms. Further research is needed to learn more about effective counseling strategies; symptom manifestation in high-risk groups, including the elderly, women, and minorities; and healthcare delivery systems that enhance access to timely care for patients with prior CHD or other clinical atherosclerotic disease.
Regional price parities in the United States

Abstract The success and expansion of the International Comparison Program (ICP) has led to an increase in interest and effort on the estimation of subnational price levels and purchasing power parities (PPPs). The ICP highlighted a difficulty that large countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China face during the price-collection phase, namely how to obtain average prices when there are large disparities in many types of expenditure categories, such as housing prices between rural and urban settings. The fact that such disparities were in evidence led to more research on within-country PPPs or regional price parities (RPPs). The difference between RPPs and the PPPs is that the former are in the same currency, while PPPs are usually converted to a reference country or currency by the exchange rate, such as the United States Dollar or the Euro. This chapter describes the methodology used to estimate the RPPs and their effect on measuring regional incomes within the United States.
Heart valves' mechanobiology

Abstract Heart valves are subjected to unrelenting mechanical forces as they perform their constant vital function of precisely opening and closing. Understanding how these mechanics fit in with the development of valve disease has become more closely researched—particularly via development of in vitro experimental setups that incorporate these mechanical cues. In addition, the mechanics of the inherent extracellular matrix environment has been implicated in differential development of valvular cells and has wide-reaching effects toward study of valvular disease progression and design of tissue-engineered valves. Here, we describe how internal and external mechanical features affect valves on a cellular level, and how elucidating the relationship between these forces and valvular development can drive the design of innovative engineered devices and models.
Full-Field Displacement Measurement and Crack Mapping on Masonry Walls Using Digital Image Correlation

Understanding the load resisting mechanisms and failure modes of masonry walls loaded in their plane is key to validate mechanics-based analysis and simulation algorithms. Proof load tests are performed on specimens that are extensively instrumented with transducers (e.g., LVDTs, potentiometers, strain gauges), which are typically mounted on a specimen at specific locations. The resulting measurements are local and cannot describe in detail the complex response of infill and confined masonry systems, which may combine bricks, mortar joints, reinforced concrete (RC), and the associated interfaces. In addition, crack maps are typically marked by hand based on visual inspection, making it likely to overlook cracks especially when they have a relatively small width or close after unloading.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Hybrid Thiosemicarbazone-Alkylthiocarbamate Metal Complexes.

A series of hybrid ligands (H2L1-H2L3) derived from 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide and hydrazinecarbothioic acid O-alkyl esters were synthesized and characterized by NMR. The ligands were chelated with copper (4-6), nickel (7-9), and zinc (10-12) and characterized by spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The chelated metals displayed substantial anodic shifts in the CuII/I reduction potential of ∼160 mV relative to their bis(thiosemicarbazone) analogues. The metal chelates 4-12 were evaluated for potential anticancer activity by MTT assays, and selected results were confirmed by clonogenic and trypan blue assays. The copper derivatives 4 and 6 were found to have potent and cancer-selective antiproliferative effects, with GI50 values less than 100 nM in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells compared with at least 20-fold less activity in IMR90 nonmalignant lung fibroblasts. In comparison, the nickel complexes were much less active and had little cancer-selectivity. Varying by ligand, the zinc complexes were less potent or had comparable activity compared to that of the corresponding copper complex. UV-visible spectroscopy indicated that zinc complex 10 was transmetalated in the presence of equimolar copper, whereas nickel complex 7 was not. Copper complexes 4 and 6 were also assessed in the NCI60 screen and were found to have cytotoxic activity against most solid tumor cell lines. In MTT assays, 4 and 6 were substantially more active against A549 cancer cells than Cu(ATSM) and were more cancer-selective (for A549 compared to IMR-90) than Cu(GTSM). Our results suggest that hybrid thiosemicarbazone-alkylthiocarbamate copper complexes have potential for development as new anticancer agents.
The Nudge to Finish Up: A National Study of Community College Near-Completion Students

Community college near-completion students are community college starters who have accumulated a considerable number of credits but left college without any postsecondary educational credential. This quantitative study examined a nationally representative sample and intended to reveal significant predictors of becoming a community college near-completion student. We adopted Bean and Metzner’s (1985) framework to focus on characteristics of nontraditional college students and Bahr’s (2013) approach to emphasize students’ course-taking patterns. We conducted a latent class analysis to explore students’ course-taking patterns and examined whether different course-taking patterns would predict the likelihood of being a near-completion student using a logistic regression model. Findings indicated the significant role of course-taking patterns in predicting the likelihood of being a community college near completion student. Community college students who have taken and passed a large number of remedial courses are more likely to leave college without a credential. Additional interaction terms in the regression model further revealed the nuances in terms of the influences of course-taking patterns among various student sub-groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Jugular Vein Injection of High-Titer Lentiviral Vectors Does Not Transduce the Aorta—Brief Report

Objective: Efficient gene transfer to the vascular wall via intravenous vector injection would be useful for experimental vascular biology and gene therapy. Initial studies of lentiviral vector tro...
Machine learning enables design automation of microfluidic flow-focusing droplet generation.

Droplet-based microfluidic devices hold immense potential in becoming inexpensive alternatives to existing screening platforms across life science applications, such as enzyme discovery and early cancer detection. However, the lack of a predictive understanding of droplet generation makes engineering a droplet-based platform an iterative and resource-intensive process. We present a web-based tool, DAFD, that predicts the performance and enables design automation of flow-focusing droplet generators. We capitalize on machine learning algorithms to predict the droplet diameter and rate with a mean absolute error of less than 10 μm and 20 Hz. This tool delivers a user-specified performance within 4.2% and 11.5% of the desired diameter and rate. We demonstrate that DAFD can be extended by the community to support additional fluid combinations, without requiring extensive machine learning knowledge or large-scale data-sets. This tool will reduce the need for microfluidic expertise and design iterations and facilitate adoption of microfluidics in life sciences. Devices for droplet generation are at the heart of many microfluidic applications but difficult to tailor for specific cases. Lashkaripour et al. show how design customization can greatly be simplified by combining rapid prototyping with data-driven machine learning strategies.
Deep Transformer Networks for Time Series Classification: The NPP Safety Case.

A challenging part of dynamic probabilistic risk assessment for nuclear power plants is the need for large amounts of temporal simulations given various initiating events and branching conditions from which representative feature extraction becomes complicated for subsequent applications. Artificial Intelligence techniques have been shown to be powerful tools in time-dependent sequential data processing to automatically extract and yield complex features from large data. An advanced temporal neural network referred to as the Transformer is used within a supervised learning fashion to model the time-dependent NPP simulation data and to infer whether a given sequence of events leads to core damage or not. The training and testing datasets for the Transformer are obtained by running 10,000 RELAP5-3D NPP blackout simulations with the list of variables obtained from the RAVEN software. Each simulation is classified as "OK" or "CORE DAMAGE" based on the consequence. The results show that the Transformer can learn the characteristics of the sequential data and yield promising performance with approximately 99% classification accuracy on the testing dataset.
From media to hypermedia: Journalistic representations of Rohingya refugees and humanitarian communication:

The paper is a comparative analysis of two media artifacts from Reuters engaging with the ongoing Rohingya refugee crisis. One artifact are the ‘traditional’ images that won the Pulitzer Prize in 2...
Cyber-Physical System Security Surveillance using Knowledge Graph based Digital Twins - A Smart Farming Usecase

Rapid advancements in Cyber-Physical System (CPS) capabilities have motivated farmers to deploy this ecosystem on their farms. However, there is a growing concern among users regarding the security risks associated with CPS. Especially with rising number of cyber-attacks on CPS, such as modifying sensor readings, interrupting operations, etc. Therefore, this paper describes a security surveillance framework to detect deviations in the ecosystem by incorporating a digital twin supported anomaly detection model. The reason for incorporating digital twins is that they add value by enabling real-time monitoring of connected smart farms. We pre-process the collected data from sensors deployed on the smart farm setup. The pre-processed data is fused with our smart farm ontology to populate a knowledge graph. The generated graph is further queried to extract the necessary sensor data. We utilize the extracted normal data to train the anomaly detection model. Further, we tested our model if it identifies abnormal values from sensors by simulating anomalous use case scenarios specific to our ecosystem.
Cytoplasmic Streaming in Plant Cells and Its Relation to the Cytoskeleton

The known patterns and rates of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells as well as the investigations on plant cells with laser Doppler spectroscopy will be reviewed briefly. Our current knowledge of the molecules involved in the movement of cytoplasm and/or saltation of particles in cytoplasm and their possible location in cells will be described.
TSUNAMIS ALONG WEST COAST OF LUZON, PHILIPPINES

A detailed engineering study was made by Ebasco Services, Inc., (1977), for a proposed nuclear power plant in the Napot Point region of Bataan, between the entrance to Manila Bay and Subic Bay, Republic of the Philippines (about 14°- 37-12'N, 120°- 18-3/4'E), Figure 1. As a part of the oceanographic portion of this work, a study was made by the writer of the characteristics of tsunamis that had occurred in the region, and the statistics of occurrence (Wiegel, 1976). The study of tsunamis has been updated to the present time (May, 1980). The location of the site is such that the large tsunamis generated in some areas of the Pacific Ocean (such as off the coasts of Chile, Alaska, Japan and Kamchatka) are not likely to reach Napot Point with any appreciable amplitude (see, for example, Wiegel, 1976). There is good evidence that this is the case. Owing to the relative stability from the standpoint of earthquakes (aseismic) of Borneo, the Malaya Peninsula, most of Indochina and the intervening China Sea (Gutenberg and Richter, 1949, pp. 82 and 93), there is probably little, if any, chance of tsunamis being generated in this region; this appears to be a fact (Berninghausen, 1969). The great eruption of Krakatoa and the tsunami generated by it was not noticed on tide gages at either Singapore or Hong Kong, so that it would be reasonable that it would not have been detected at Manila (Wharton, 1888). Also, the large tsunamis that have been generated in the Sulu Sea and the Celebes Sea do not seem to reach the site with any appreciable amplitude. Thus, the tsunamis of importance to the site are those which will be generated in the local seas off the west coast of Luzon. In order to establish this fact, information is presented on a number of tsunamis generated in other regions, especially those generated in the seas off the west coast of the Philippine Islands.
Localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/Cyclin) in workshop cases of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Abstract Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA/Cyclin) is a 36-kD protein that is present in cycling cells but not in resting cells, and therefore represents a marker of tumor proliferation. Application of anti-PCNA/Cyclin monoclonal antibodies has shown that this protein is localized to the nucleus of cycling cells, with the exception of cells in mitosis, which demonstrate faint cytoplasmic reactivity. Recently, Benjamin and Gown found that Reed-Stemberg cells and variants show nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with anti-PCNA/Cyclin antibody 19A2, and suggested that this feature may be useful in distinguishing Hodgkin's disease from other tumors. This report describes the reactivity of 42 workshop cases that were stained with anti-PCNA/Cyclin antibodies 19A2 and/or PC10. Thirty-three (79%) of the 42 cases showed adequate reactivity to allow for interpretation of staining localization. In the group of reactive cases, 26 (79%) showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. The localization of PCNA/Cyclin was compared with the consensus diagnosis in each case. Eighty percent of cases classified as Hodgkin's disease, 67% of cases classified as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 100% of unresolved cases showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. The incidence of cytoplasmic PCNA/Cyclin was not different between Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in this study.
Properties of carbonic anhydrase isozymes isolated from porcine erythrocytes.

Abstract Two major components of carbonic anhydrase were purified from porcine red cells by column chromatography and electrofocusing techniques. Both forms behaved as single components in sedimentation velocity experiments and during starch gel electrophoresis. The observed molecular weight of both forms was about 3 x 104. On the basis of their specific CO2 hydrase activities and amino acid compositions, these two carbonic anhydrase isozymes were designated as high activity (carbonic anhydrase C) or low activity (carbonic anhydrase B) forms which appear to be homologous to the high and low activity carbonic anhydrases, respectively, of other mammals. When these pig B and C isozymes were compared with the red cell carbonic anhydrases of other ungulates (cattle and horse), several interesting features were observed. In contrast to the electrophoretic gel patterns of the horse B and C isozymes in which the C form is markedly more basic than the B form, the high activity C form of pig was observed to be more acidic than the low activity B form. The tryptic peptide map of bovine carbonic anhydrase appears to be more similar to that of porcine carbonic anhydrase C than to B, indicating that they are probably homologous proteins. Neoprontosil binding by the pig and horse B isozymes give rise to essentially identical spectra in the 425- to 600-mµ region, whereas the C isozymes, from these two sources, generate quite different spectra.
A Skull-Based Multiple Dipole Phantom for EEG and MEG Studies

A versatile phantom for use in evaluating forward and inverse methods for MEG and EEG has been designed and is currently being constructed. The phantom consists of three major components: (i) a 32-element current dipole array, (ii) a PC-controlled dipole driver with 32 isolated Channels allowing independent control of each dipole, (iii) spherical and human-skull mounts in which the dipole array is placed. Materials were selected throughout the phantom to produce minimal field distortions and artifacts to enable acquisition of high quality EEG and MEG data. The dipoles are made from a rigid narrow (.84mm) stainless steel coax cable. The dipole drivers can be configured as either current or voltage sources, are independently programmable and fully isolated, and are capable of producing arbitrary bipolar waveforms up to a 200Hz bandwidth. The spherical mount is a single shell sphere filled with conductive gelatin. The human skull mount has three shells: “brain” (conducting gelatin), “skull” (the skull is impregnated with a low conductivity conducting gelatin), and “scalp” (a thin layer of rubber latex mixed with NaCl to achieve a conductivity matched to the brain). The conductivities will be adjusted to achieve approximately an 80:1:80 ratio. Data collected to date from the spherical phantom shows excellent agreement between measured surface Potentials and that predicted from theory (27 of the 32 dipoles give better than 99.9% rms fit) and negligible leakage between dipoles. We are currently completing construction of the skull mount.
DIVAs 4.0: a framework for the development of situated multi-agent based simulation systems

In this paper we present DIVAs 4.0, a framework that supports the development of large-scale agent-based simulation systems where agents are situated in open environments. DIVAs includes high-level abstractions for the definition of agents and open environments, a microkernel for the management of the simulation workflow, domain-specific libraries for the rapid development of simulations, and reusable, extendable components for the control and visualization of simulations. We illustrate the use of DIVAs through the development of a simulator where virtual agents are situated in a virtual city and an office environment.
vbyCaHβ CCD Photometry of Clusters. VI. The Metal-deficient Open Cluster NGC 2420

CCD photometry on the intermediate-band vbyCaHβ system is presented for the metal-deficient open cluster NGC 2420. Restricting the data to probable single members of the cluster using the CMD and the photometric indices alone generates a sample of 106 stars at the cluster turnoff. The average E(b - y) = 0.035 ± 0.003 (s.e.m.) or E(B - V) = 0.050 ± 0.004 (s.e.m.), where the errors refer to internal errors alone. With this reddening, [Fe/H] is derived from both m1 and hk, using b-y and Hβ as the temperature index. The agreement among the four approaches is reasonable, leading to a final weighted average of [Fe/H] = -0.37 ± 0.05 (s.e.m.) for the cluster, on a scale where the Hyades has [Fe/H] = +0.12. When combined with the abundances from DDO photometry and from recalibrated low-resolution spectroscopy, the mean metallicity becomes [Fe/H] = -0.32 ± 0.03. It is also demonstrated that the average cluster abundances based on either DDO data or low-resolution spectroscopy are consistently reliable to 0.05 dex or better, contrary to published attempts to establish an open cluster metallicity scale using simplistic offset corrections among different surveys.
OpenSHMEM as a Portable Communication Layer for PGAS Models: A Case Study with Coarray Fortran

Languages and libraries based on the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) programming model have emerged in recent years with a focus on addressing the programming challenges for scalable parallel systems. Among these, Coarray Fortran (CAF) is unique in that as it has been incorporated into an existing standard (Fortran 2008), and therefore it is of particular importance that implementations supporting it are both portable and deliver sufficient levels of performance. OpenSHMEM is a library which is the culmination of a standardization effort among many implementers and users of SHMEM, and it provides a means to develop light-weight, portable, scalable applications based on the PGAS programming model. As such, we propose here that OpenSHMEM is well situated to serve as a runtime substrate for CAF implementations. In this paper, we demonstrate how OpenSHMEM can be exploited as a runtime layer upon which CAF may be implemented. Specifically, we re-targeted the CAF implementation provided in the OpenUH compiler to OpenSHMEM, and show how parallel language features provided by CAF may be directly mapped to OpenSHMEM, including allocation of remotely accessible objects, one-sided communication, and various types of synchronization. Moreover, we present and evaluate various algorithms we developed for implementing remote access of non-contiguous array sections and acquisition and release of remote locks using the OpenSHMEM interface.
Association between selected folate pathway polymorphisms and nonsyndromic limb reduction defects: a case-parental analysis.

Summary Cleves MA, Hobbs CA, Zhao W, Krakowiak PA, MacLeod SL, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Association between selected folate pathway polymorphisms and nonsyndromic limb reduction defects: a case–parental analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011. Inadequate folate status resulting from either genetic variation or nutritional deficiencies has been associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations including orofacial clefting, limb, cardiac and neural tube defects. Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between limb reduction defects (LRDs) and folate-related genetic polymorphisms other than MTHFR 677CT. We conducted a case–parental analysis of 148 families who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to examine the association between nonsyndromic transverse and longitudinal LRDs with five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding enzymes in folate and methionine pathways. Log-linear Poisson regression, adapted for analysis of case–parental data assuming an additive genetic model, was used to estimate genetic relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for the association between LRDs and each SNP. Among women who did not take multivitamin supplements, the MTHFR 677T variant acts via the offspring's genome to increase the risk of LRDs. No association between LRDs and any fetal SNP was found among women who used multivitamin supplements. These results suggest the possibility that initiating folic acid supplementation prior to pregnancy may reduce the risk of having a LRD-affected pregnancy, especially in women whose offspring inherit one or two copies of the MTHFR 677T variant.
Recent Developments in the Functional Interpretation of Archaeological Data

In 1938 Steward and Setzler published a brief plea for a more enlightened interpretation of archaeological materials, calling attention to the necessity for ecological and configurational considerations of material culture complexes. Since that time a number of studies touching upon these features have appeared–enough to constitute a trend. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze these contributions and suggest further possibilities along functional lines.
Research Trends in Staff Development and Inservice Education

Abstract In view of the importance for the reform and renewal of schools of the improvement and development of teachers and other educational personnel, this paper was prepared to review the status of recent research on staff development and inservice education (INSET) in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. Two specific objectives were to be attained as a result of this review. First, the nature of existing recent studies was examined through a description of prevailing research methodologies and significant findings. Second, a research agenda for the future was suggested, based on gaps that were found in recent studies. In total, more than 500 studies conducted between 1977 and 1984 were included. Among the specific suggestions that were made regarding future studies were that research should be based on what is already known about the nature of adult learning and effective inservice, that existing theory bases should be explored to determine appropriate conceptualizations that ...