cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Grapefruit Race: Demonstrating the Influence of Competition on Gender Differences in Intimacy

We present an interactive demonstration of factors that mitigate gender differences. Male and female volunteers pass a grapefruit from one classmate to the next using only their chins. The speed of task completion depends on its framing; when the volunteers believe the task is an exercise, women tend to be faster than men, whereas the opposite effect emerges when the task is framed as a competition. Student observers rated the demonstration positively and indicated positive learning outcomes regarding the context-dependent nature of gender differences in comfort with same-sex intimacy. This article offers an effective demonstration of gender differences in intimate behavior and illustrates a situation in which gender differences can be malleable.
Asymmetric eavesdropping between common mynas and red-vented bulbuls

Heterospecific eavesdropping on alarm calls is well documented, but less is known about the factors influencing asymmetry in the reliability of heterospecific alarm calls. Partial overlap of predators between heterospecifics has been hypothesized as 1 possible mechanism driving asymmetric eavesdropping. We tested the responses of common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) and red-vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus cafer) to reciprocal playbacks of alarm and social calls by measuring changes from baseline in the rates of fly-bys near the speaker and in rates of singing. We found an asymmetric communication network between bulbuls and mynas: bulbuls only responded to conspecific alarm calls, whereas mynas responded to both bulbul and conspecific alarm calls. This communication asymmetry may be due to a partial overlap in predators between species. Mynas were observed to spend time in both trees and on the ground and may be susceptible to both aerial and ground predators. We observed bulbuls primarily in trees and therefore may be susceptible primarily to aerial predators. If this is the case, then the alarm calls of mynas are less reliable to bulbuls compared with the reliability of alarm calls of bulbuls to mynas. However, further studies into the predators of each species are necessary before drawing a definitive conclusion. Our study demonstrates a differential responsiveness of 1 species on the alarm calls from another species for predator information and underscores the importance in considering heterospecific communication networks in the removal of species from a community.
“Blindsided by that one” and “I saw that one coming”: The relative anticipation and occurrence of communication problems and other problems in implementers' hindsight

Abstract While the change literature is rife with cautionary notes about the potential problems associated with change in organizations, and some reasonably well‐developed theoretical explanations for their existence, we lack an empirical description indicating the relative frequency with which implementers recognize a variety of problems. This article presents results from a study of eighty‐nine implementers from organizations that are widely geographically dispersed and from a range of sectors. Findings suggest that among the challenges faced by implementers, problems centrally concerned with communication rank among some of the most problematic. The study also found that implementers, on average, over‐anticipate problems and associate perceived accuracy and over‐anticipation with success. Further, these data are suggestive of implementers’ views that participation in implementation decision‐making by lower‐level staff is desirable, but perhaps not critical to success.
Impact of Aortic Stiffness on Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patients

Background and Purpose — Large atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. The atherosclerotic process also affects aortic distensibility, which can also be assessed by TEE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association of aortic stiffness by TEE with ischemic stroke in elderly patients. Methods — We performed TEE in 40 consecutive elderly patients aged ≥55 years with acute ischemic stroke and in 42 consecutive control subjects aged ≥55 years. Aortic stiffness index β, which has been used in the literature to express the stiffness of the aortic wall, was calculated as follows: β=ln (systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure)/([Dmax−Dmin]/Dmin), where ln is natural logarithm, Dmax is maximum aortic lumen diameter, and Dmin is minimum aortic lumen diameter by TEE. The association of index β with ischemic stroke was evaluated by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, including thickness of aortic arch plaques. Results — Index β was significantly greater in stroke patients than in controls (9.7±5.0 versus 5.3±3.5; P <0.0001). When aortic plaque thickness and other stroke risk factors were entered in multivariate analysis, index β was found to be independently associated with ischemic stroke (odds ratio, 1.28 per unit increase; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.52). Conclusions — Aortic stiffness by TEE is associated with ischemic stroke, independent of thickness of aortic arch plaques and other stroke risk factors. This suggests that aortic stiffness by TEE may add prognostic information when assessing the risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly.
Tagging the next generation: validation of trans-generational chemical tagging for an endangered fish

In this study we validated marking off- spring through peritoneal injection of ripe females using two concentrations of strontium (strontium chlo- ride hexahydrate). Larvae from treatments were mon- itored for condition morphometrics and tested for chemical mark incorporation in their otoliths via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrome- try (LA-ICPMS) to quantify the strontium concentra- tion (Sr/Ca) and laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA- MC-ICPMS) to measure the strontium isotope ratios ( 87 Sr: 86 Sr) of otoliths. Otolith strontium concentra- tions and strontium isotopes ratios were elevated in the high-concentration treatment, while the low- concentration and control treatments were not signifi- cantly different from each other. Larval size and eye diameter at hatch were similar among treatments; however, yolk and oil globule diameters were signif- icantly reduced in the high-concentration treatment. Moreover, growth rates after 60 days post-hatch were significantly reduced in the high-concentration treat- ment relative to the low-concentration and control treatments, suggesting trans-generational tagging can have deleterious effects on offspring. Our study pro- vides evidence for the efficacy of artificially marking offspring via injection of strontium into ripe females and could provide new tools for managing endangered fish populations; however, careful consideration of chemical concentrations and dosages may be required prior to its application in a fisheries management experiment.
Attenuation coefficient estimates of mouse and rat chest wall

Attenuation coefficients of intercostal tissues were estimated from chest walls removed postmortem (pm) from 41 6-to-7-week-old female ICR mice and 27 10-to-11-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. These values were determined from measurements through the intercostal tissues, from the surface of the skin to the parietal pleura. Mouse chest walls were sealed in plastic wrap and stored at 4/spl deg/C until evaluated, and rat chest walls were sealed in sandwich bags and stored at -15/spl deg/C. When evaluated, chest wall storage time ranged between 1 and 2 days pm for mice and between 41 and 110 days pm for rats. All chest walls were allowed to equilibrate to 22/spl deg/C in a water bath prior to evaluation. For both mouse and rat intercostal tissues, the estimated frequency normalized attenuation coefficient was 1.1 dB/cm-MHz. In order to determine if there was an effect of storage time on estimates of attenuation coefficient, an independent experiment was conducted. The intercostal tissues from six mouse chest walls were evaluated at three time points (1, 22, and 144 days pm), and from six rat chest walls were evaluated at four time points (1, 22, 50, and 125 days pm). There was no difference in the estimated intercostal tissue attenuation coefficient as a function of time postmortem.
Launching PCORnet, a national patient-centered clinical research network

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has launched PCORnet, a major initiative to support an effective, sustainable national research infrastructure that will advance the use of electronic health data in comparative effectiveness research (CER) and other types of research. In December 2013, PCORI's board of governors funded 11 clinical data research networks (CDRNs) and 18 patient-powered research networks (PPRNs) for a period of 18 months. CDRNs are based on the electronic health records and other electronic sources of very large populations receiving healthcare within integrated or networked delivery systems. PPRNs are built primarily by communities of motivated patients, forming partnerships with researchers. These patients intend to participate in clinical research, by generating questions, sharing data, volunteering for interventional trials, and interpreting and disseminating results. Rapidly building a new national resource to facilitate a large-scale, patient-centered CER is associated with a number of technical, regulatory, and organizational challenges, which are described here.
Attribution of Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Risk in Young Injection Drug Users in 5 US Cities

Author(s): Hagan, Holly; Pouget, Enrique R; Williams, Ian T; Garfein, Richard S; Strathdee, Steffanie A; Hudson, Sharon M; Latka, Mary H; Ouellet, Lawrence J | Abstract: Background. In studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroconversion in injection drug users (IDUs), some have questioned whether underreporting of syringe sharing, a stigmatized behavior, has led to misattribution of HCV risk to other injection-related behaviors. Methods. IDUs aged 15–30 years who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus and HCV antibodies were recruited into a prospective study in 5 US cities. Behavioral data were collected via computer-assisted self-interviewing to reduce socially desirable reporting. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to assess associations between behavior and HCV seroconversion. Because the shared use of cookers, cottons, and rinse water was highly correlated, a summary variable was created to represent drug preparation equipment sharing. Results. Among 483 IDUs who injected during the period covered by the follow-up assessments, the incidence of HCV infection was 17.2 cases per 100 person years; no HIV seroconversions occurred. Adjusting for confounders, the shared use of drug preparation equipment was significantly associated with HCV seroconversion (adjusted HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–23.92), but syringe sharing was not (adjusted HR, 0.91). We estimated that 37% of HCV seroconversions in IDUs were due to the sharing of drug preparation equipment. Conclusions. Associations between sharing drug preparation equipment and HCV seroconversion are not attributable to underascertainment of syringe sharing. Avoiding HCV infection will require substantial reductions in exposure to all sources of contaminated blood.
The effects of temperature and predator densities on the consumption of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) by three groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska

Many multispecies models have assumed that prey density determines per-capita predator consumption rates, following a functional response relationship. However, empirical evidence suggests that a predator’s diet can also be influenced by a variety of environmental factors, including interactions with other predators. We used diet and abundance data from National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) bottom trawl surveys for three groundfish predators (Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to determine whether temperature or other species influence the consumption of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). Using an information-theoretic approach, we tested for relationships between walleye pollock observed in predator stomachs and predator length, bottom temperature, prey availability (walleye pollock catch per unit effort (CPUE) scaled by observed prey lengths), and CPUE of the three predators and arrowtooth f...
Electrogastrography: Physiological Basis and Clinical Application in Diabetic Gastropathy

Electrogastrography is the recording and measurement of gastric myoelectrical activity from electrodes placed on the surface of the epigastrium. Normal electrogastrograms (EGGs) reflect 3 cycles per min (cpm) gastric myoelectrical activity produced by specialized pacemaker cells, the interstitial cells of Cajal, located in the muscular wall of the gastric corpus and antrum. Gastric dysrhythmias (tachygastrias and bradygastrias) are disturbances of the normal gastric pacesetter potentials and are associated with symptoms of nausea, epigastric fullness, and bloating and with hyperglycemia and delayed gastric emptying. In diabetic gastropathy, the normal 3-cpm electrical rhythm is replaced with bradygastrias, tachygastrias, and mixed or nonspecific dysrhythmias. Diagnosis of gastric dysrhythmias identifies an objective neuromuscular abnormality in diabetic patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Correction of gastric dysrhythmias decreases upper GI symptoms and may improve gastric emptying all of...
Dynamic batch mode active learning via L1 regularization

We propose a method for dynamic batch mode active learning where the batch size and selection criteria are integrated into a single formulation.
Shear Strength of Slabs in Stub Girders

The results of a test of a stub girder which failed by longitudinal shear in the slab are presented. The measured force in the slab at failure is compared to the theoretical longitudinal shear transfer strength. A procedure is outlined for the investigation of shear strength in slabs of stub girders. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure.
Effect of Preoperative Indications Conference on Procedural Planning for Treatment of Scoliosis

Abstract Study Design This study determines the rate of change in the scoliosis surgery plan in cases presented in preoperative indications conference. Objectives To determine the effect of preoperative indications conference on the plan of surgery and to identify characteristics that increased the likelihood of change. Summary of Background Data Preoperative indications conferences are used as a teaching and planning tool. Levels of fusion, construct options, and necessity for osteotomies are often debated in the planning of scoliosis surgery. Methods Scoliosis surgeries were presented at preoperative indications conference with four attending pediatric orthopedic surgeons present. The operative surgeon committed to a surgical plan before conference. A consensus-based plan was made without knowledge of the operative surgeon's preconference plan. Changes of plan were classified as major, minor, or no change. Results Of the 107 surgical plans, 50 were index surgeries, 13 were revisions, and 44 were scheduled growing rod lengthenings. There were two major changes, including a change to a growing construct from planned fusion, and a change in fusion levels in an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patient. There were 13 minor changes, which included changes in fusion levels (1 to 3; mean = 1.23) and the addition of an osteotomy. The rate of change was 28% for index surgeries and 7.69% for revisions. Of the 14 changes in the 50 index surgeries, there were 8 AIS, 3 cerebral palsy, 1 congenital scoliosis, 1 Ehlers-Danlos, and 1 patient with an undetermined neuromuscular condition. There was 1 change in 13 revision surgeries. There were no changes for growing rod lengthenings and no cancellations as a result of indications conference. Conclusions Although revision scoliosis surgery is complex, index AIS/JIS surgery was most subject to the influence of indications conference. This likely reflects controversy around choosing levels of fusion. Level of Evidence IV.
Professional Writers May Better Prepare Business Students for Employment

This article summarizes a project at [deleted university name] designed to: (1) finding cost effective ways of using professional writing tutors as instructional assistants within regular business courses, and (2) find reliable assessment methods for measuring student writing improvement. Our findings indicate that professional writing tutors are not only effective in improving student writing skills, but can support larger enrollments in business courses that are also designated writing courses. Student writing skill assessment is dependent on incentives for students performing well. Using an external on-line writing assessment test was ineffective in assessing student improvement over a one-semester time span.
Elusive Democratic Stateness in Sub-Saharan Africa: Conceptual and Empirical Challenges

The major premise of this paper is that a decidedly mixed record of progress toward democratic stateness in sub-Saharan Africa over the last two decades, and current uncertainty about its future trajectory combine to merit fresh attention not only to policies and practices contributing to this mixed performance but also to possibly flawed prevalent conceptualizations of the nature of the processes themselves, at least with respect to sub-Saharan African contexts. In a word, the paper contends that the idea of the state, and of state making processes, is as elusive in current working conceptions as the realization of strong, stable states is elusive on the ground in sub-Saharan Africa.
Evaluation of Permethrin as an Insect-Resistant Treatment on Paper Bags and of Tricalcium Phosphate as a Suppressant of Stored-Product Insects

Long-term warehouse tests in Egypt and simulated warehouse tests in the United States were conducted to determine the insect resistance of permethrin-treated, pyrethrins-treated, and untreated, multiwall paper bags. The bags contained a high-protein, blended cereal (ICSM) fortified with either tricalcium phosphate (TCP), an insect suppressant, or a combination of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (Ca). During 12 months of storage in Egypt, fewer permethrin-treated bags were infested (10.2–16.0%) than pyrethrins-treated bags (22.4–41.7%) or untreated bags (41.4–48.7%). Similar results were obtained in simulated warehouse tests. TCP was less effective than the treated bags and decreased the quantity of ICSM containing excessive populations (> 1,000 insects per bag) by ca. 7.72% compared with ICSM with Ca. A grease-proof paper barrier prevented movement of permethrin into the ICSM in bags stored for 28 months. During 1 year of storage, permethrin at up to 0.72 ppm was found in the ICSM in bags without a barrier ply. During 1 year of storage, there was little loss of permethrin from the outer treated ply of empty bags with or without a grease-proof barrier ply.
Neutron radiotherapy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland

Purpose Lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare, aggressive orbital tumors that share histopathologic similarities with salivary gland malignancies. Neutron radiotherapy may be useful for treatment due to its high biological effectiveness for salivary malignancies. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the outcomes for 11 lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma patients treated with neutrons from 1988 to 2011. Most had undergone surgery prior to radiation therapy. However, gross residual disease was present in 8 patients. The most common American Joint Committee on Cancer stage was T4cN0M0. Four patients with skull base involvement received a radiosurgery boost and 1 received a proton therapy boost. Results Median follow up was 6.2 years. Median overall survival was 11.1 years and median disease-free survival was 6.3 years. Five-year local control was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method as 80%. Three patients had a local recurrence; 4 developed distant metastases. Six patients died. Seven patients had intact vision in the affected eye before neutron radiation. Two required enucleation for a painful dry eye. Of the 5 who avoided an enucleation, 3 had either severe visual impairment (20/400) or only light perception and 2 were without known vision compromise or complications at the time of their death. One patient developed asymptomatic frontal lobe radionecrosis after 2 courses of radiation therapy. Conclusions Neutron radiation therapy achieved excellent 5-year local control in this series of high-risk patients, with most cases having gross residual disease. Late recurrences and distant metastases remain a challenge. Meaningful ipsilateral vision preservation was not possible in most cases in the long term, although only 2 patients required an enucleation for treatment effects.
The Improvement in Headlamp Fume Problem

Through the analysis of headlamp fume problem of a car and a contrast test on bench by simulating car light working surroundings,the paper validates that the new scheme is feasible and can effectively solve the problem.
The interplay of subjective social status and essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging on cortisol reactivity to challenge in older adults.

Older adults are more likely than younger adults to experience stress when confronted with cognitive challenges. However, little is known about individual differences that might explain why some older adults exhibit stronger stress responses than others. We examined the interplay of two social-cognitive factors to explain older adults' cortisol reactivity: (1) subjective social status, and (2) essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging. We hypothesized that, depending on whether older adults believe that aging-related cognitive decline is inevitable versus modifiable, low subjective social status should lead to stronger or weaker cortisol reactivity. Using longitudinal data, we assessed the impact of cognitive challenges on stress reactivity in a sample of older adults (N = 389; 61-86 years). As predicted, regression analyses confirmed that 44 min after cognitively challenging tasks, older adults exhibited a significantly different cortisol reactivity depending on their subjective social status and their essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging. Specifically, older adults with low subjective social status and high essentialist beliefs showed a significantly elevated cortisol reactivity. We discuss the role of essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging to predict when and why high versus low subjective social status leads to stress responses in older adults.
Vesicourethral Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

AbstractUrodynamic evaluation was done 45 times on 41 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis. Bladder symptoms correlated poorly with any single urodynamic finding and, accordingly, a comprehensive evaluation was necessary to define the underlying pathophysiology. Only 63 per cent of the patients with symptoms of urgency, frequency and urge incontinence actually were found to have uninhibited bladder contractions, while 73 per cent of the patients with obstructive symptoms had detrusor areflexia. Six patients (15 per cent) had a marked change in urodynamic findings upon repeat examination either because of a change in symptomatology or poor response to treatment. An additional 6 patients had vesicoureteral reflux. Bladder symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients should serve more to alert the clinician to the need for urodynamic testing than to mandate specific treatment.
Corrective Otoplasty for Symptomatic Prominent Ears in U.S. Soldiers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate U.S. Army soldiers who presented to the plastic surgery service with the inability to properly wear a government-issued Kevlar field helmet because of their prominent ear deformity. Between September 2000 and April 2002, four patients with prominent ears and helical rim skin abrasions with breakdown attributable to abutment from their helmets underwent open otoplasty with conchal bowl resection via a posterior approach. Symptomatic relief and cosmetic improvement were obtained, with no incidence of complications or recurrence during the follow-up period, which ranged from 9 to 22 months. All patients were able to wear their Army-issued Kevlar helmets without difficulty after surgery. Otoplasty is an effective, reliable procedure that has now been performed to alleviate symptoms in an otherwise asymptomatic patient population.
pH Dependent Hemolytic Systems. I. Their Relationship to Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

1. Treatment of normal human red cells with various proteolytic enzymes, cholera vibrio filtrate, influenza virus, and periodate ion results in red cells susceptible to acid hemolysis in compatible normal human serum. 2. The kinetics of hemolysis of these artificially altered red cells resembles in many respects those observed in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). 3. While the observed differences in behavior between these artificially altered cells and PNH cells do not allow direct comparison, it is felt that these models may offer some clues in the understanding of PNH cell hemolysis, and some insight into the nature of the red cell lesion in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) are recognized for their anti-inflammatory effects and may be beneficial in the context of sarcopenia. We determined the influence of n3-PUFA on muscle mitochondrial physiology and protein metabolism in older adults. Twelve young (18-35 years) and older (65-85 years) men and women were studied at baseline. Older adults were studied again following n3-PUFA supplementation (3.9g/day, 16 weeks). Muscle biopsies were used to evaluate respiratory capacity (high resolution respirometry) and oxidant emissions (spectrofluorometry) in isolated mitochondria. Maximal respiration was significantly lower in older compared to young. n3-PUFA did not change respiration, but significantly reduced oxidant emissions. Participants performed a single bout of resistance exercise, followed by biopsies at 15 and 18 hours post exercise. Several genes involved in muscle protein turnover were significantly altered in older adults at baseline and following exercise, yet muscle protein synthesis was similar between age groups under both conditions. Following n3-PUFA supplementation, mixed muscle, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates were increased in older adults before exercise. n3-PUFA increased post-exercise mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis in older adults. These results demonstrate that n3-PUFA reduce mitochondrial oxidant emissions, increase postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis, and enhance anabolic responses to exercise in older adults.
Contact Angle Measurements for Use in Specifying Organosilane-Modified Coal Combustion Fly Ash

AbstractA concern with the disposal, use, and general management of coal fly ash (CFA) is the potential for leaching of trace elements. This study provides data and analysis for an innovative metho...
Towards Confidence Interval Estimation in Truth Discovery

The demand for automatic extraction of true information (i.e., truths) from conflicting multi-source data has soared recently. A variety of truth discovery methods have witnessed great successes via jointly estimating source reliability and truths. All existing truth discovery methods focus on providing a point estimator for each object's truth, but in many real-world applications, confidence interval estimation of truths is more desirable, since confidence interval contains richer information. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel truth discovery method ( ETCIBoot ) to construct confidence interval estimates as well as identify truths, where the bootstrapping techniques are nicely integrated into the truth discovery procedure. Due to the properties of bootstrapping, the estimators obtained by ETCIBoot are more accurate and robust compared with the state-of-the-art truth discovery approaches. The proposed framework is further adapted to deal with large-scale truth discovery task in distributed paradigm. Theoretically, we prove the asymptotical consistency of the confidence interval obtained by ETCIBoot . Experimentally, we demonstrate that ETCIBoot is not only effective in constructing confidence intervals but also able to obtain better truth estimates.
Die Rolle der Hydroxylionen bei und nach der Membranbildung durch Säure

Dem Leser des voraufgehenden Kapitels wird es aufgefallen sein, das die Eier nicht die Membranen bilden, wahrend sie in der fettsaurehaltigen Losung sind, sondern erst, nachdem sie wieder in das normale Seewasser ubertragen werden. Wir wollen nun zeigen, das das Alkali des Seewassers bei diesen Vorgangen eine Rolle spielt.
Neurotrophins: To Cleave or Not to Cleave

The family of neurotrophic factors known as neurotrophins has yielded a series of surprises, both with regard to the broad extent of their functional roles and the remarkable complexity of their signaling mechanisms. The recent discovery that a neurotrophin precursor protein and its proteolytically processed products may differentially activate pro- and antiapoptotic cellular responses, through preferential activation of Trk or p75 receptors, promises to unveil yet another level of regulatory complexity.
Ultrasonic Viscoelasticity Imaging of Nonpalpable Breast Tumors: Preliminary Results

Rationale and Objectives Improvements in the diagnosis of early breast cancers depend on a physician's ability to obtain the information necessary to distinguish nonpalpable malignant and benign tumors.Viscoelastic features that describe mechanical properties of tissues may help to distinguish these types of lesions. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with nonpalpable, pathology-confirmed Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 4 or 5 breast lesions (10 benign, 11 malignant) detected by mammography were studied. Viscoelastic parameters were extracted from a time sequence of ultrasonic strain images, and differences in the parameters between malignant and benign tumors were compared. Parametric data were color coded and superimposed on sonograms. Results The strain retardance time parameter, T 1 , provided the best discrimination between malignant and benign tumors ( P T 1 measures the time required for tissues to fully deform (strain) once compressed; therefore, it describes the time-varying viscous response of tissue to a small deforming force. Compared to the surrounding background tissues, malignant lesions have smaller average T 1 values, whereas benign lesions have higher T 1 values. This tissue-specific contrast correlates with known changes in the extracellular matrix of breast stroma. Conclusion Characterization of nonpalpable breast lesions is improved by the addition of viscoelastic strain imaging parameters. The differentiation of malignant and benign BI-RADS 4 or 5 tumors is especially evident with the use of the retardation time estimates, T 1 .
Stratum Corneum Antigens: Their Role in Psoriasis and in the Autoimmune Repair Mechanisms

Recent studies by Jablonska and her associates [22, 23] on the induction of psoriatic lesions by stripping, point to the role of inflammatory responses involving polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the induction of psoriatic lesions and in normal repair mechanisms. One of the central questions relates to the activation of inflammation both in normal repair mechanism and in psoriasis.
Abstract 17446: Patient and Infarct Related Factors Predict the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in STEMI Patients

Introduction: Respiratory failure complicating acute coronary syndromes is common in clinical practice; however, predictors of the need for mechanical ventilation in STEMI patients have not been described. Hypothesis: Patient co-morbidities and infarct-related clinical features predict need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in STEMI Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample to characterize the use of MV in adult patients with STEMI over a 12-year period. STEMI and MV were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Patients transferred from another hospital were excluded. Logistic regression was performed to identify patient, hospital, and clinical characteristics associated with requiring MV within 24-hours of hospitalization. Multivariate models were adjusted for factors of a priori clinical interest including age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity index, chronic lung disease, smoking, obesity, weekend admission, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock. Results: Of 1,867,114 STEMI patients included from 2002 to 2013, 72,220 were treated with mechanical ventilation (3.9%). Compared to STEMI patients requiring no respiratory support, patients who required MV were older (mean age 68 vs. 64 years), more likely to be female (40% vs. 34%), with more chronic lung disease (21% vs. 15%) and chronic kidney disease (13% vs. 7%) [p Older age (OR adj 1.04 [95% CI 1.02-1.06] per 10 years), female gender (OR adj 1.08 [95% CI 1.04-1.12]), increasing co-morbidity index, chronic lung disease (OR adj 1.11 [95% CI 1.05-1.17]), weekend admission (OR adj 1.11 [95% CI 1.07-1.16]), presence of cardiogenic shock (OR adj 9.2 [95% CI 8.8-9.7]) and in-hospital arrest (OR adj 20.4 [95% CI 18.9-22.0]) were all independently associated with requiring MV in a multivariate model. Conclusions: Patient and infarct related factors predict the need for mechanical ventilation in STEMI patients; given the lower rates of revascularization in this population, targeted strategies to improve treatment for STEMI patients with respiratory failure are warranted.
Elucidations of the Sources of Kant’s Anthropology

The narrow question of the genesis (Entstehung) of Kant’s anthropology lecture has been captivating German scholarship on his anthropology for more than a century. Sides have been taken and disputes have arisen, but a final determination has yet to be reached. Partly this is so, because Kant did not tell us why he began to teach anthropology, and partly this is so, because there is so much ambiguity in the sources. An argument can be made for any number of reasons for the inception of his anthropology lectures. I made a strong case for the inception of the anthropology lectures in Kant’s physical geography lectures (Wilson 2007: 8-26). In this paper, I will make an argument for the varied sources that influenced Kant in the development of the anthropology lecture. There is not just one source but several sources that influenced Kant. He was influenced by his physical geography lectures, his own precritical writings, his metaphysics lecture, Baumgarten, and finally also by the Thomasius school’s Klugheitslehre (theory of prudence). All of these sources can be found in the earliest writings and student notes we have from Kant. It can be established that all of these sources influenced the lectures as they developed over time and even the book that he published in 1798.
Towards a wearable fuel cell sensor for transdermal monitoring of isoflurane – an anesthetic

A miniaturized wearable platform with a micro-fuel cell sensor has been demonstrated for determination of isoflurane vapor from sweat. Principal component regression (PCR) was used to separate signals generated with changing isoflurane concentrations. The sensor was able to detect isoflurane vapor down to 40 ppm with a sensitivity of 0.038 nA ppm−1 cm−2, allowing for its use for physiological measurements. The results of PCR showed a significant improvement in sensor calibration with ∼81% minimization in deviation compared to the linear calibration model. Our results demonstrate successful integration of a statistical technique (PCR model) and an analytical technique (fuel cell sensor) for physiologically relevant measurements of isoflurane – a standard anesthetic in surgical practices.
Relief From the Poor State of Poor Relief in the State of Ohio

Ohio poor relief, often referred to as general relief, is a "program of ongoing financial assistance issued to individuals or families who are ineligible for a federal categorical program (Aid to Dependent Children or Supplemental Security Income)." While the program's statutory and regulatory base provides no model of clear and concise draftsmanship, the Ohio Supreme Court in the case of State ex rel. Ventrone v. Birkel recently had the opportunity to eliminate at least some of the uncertainty confronting both poor relief administrators and recipients. The court not only failed to take advantage of this opportunity, but also seemed to have raised even more uncertainty and to have fueled the engines of certain legislative reformers. Because of the court's recent action, it now appears to be an appropriate time to examine the background, status, and prospects of the state's poor relief program.
Morphological Differences in Response to Physiological Integration and Spatial Heterogeneity of Root Zone Glyphosate Exposure in Connected Ramets of Ludwigia peploides (Creeping Water Primrose)

The effects of applying glyphosate to the root zone of one of a pair of connected ramets were investigated. In the low root density (LRD) treatment, daughter ramet roots were exposed to 100 mL of 10 mg L−1 glyphosate, while in the high root density (HRD) treatment, mother ramet roots were exposed to the same glyphosate solution. These treatments were compared to unexposed controls. The morphologies (leaf and shoot numbers) of control and HRD treatments were identical. In these treatments, daughter ramets had greater numbers of leaves and shoots than mother ramets. The morphology of the LRD treatment was opposite: mother ramets had more leaves and shoots than daughter ramets. Growth parameters were unaffected by glyphosate exposure except for relative growth rate, which was significantly greater for the HRD treatment. This study provides insights about the responses of clonal plants to physiological integration and spatially heterogeneous environmental stressors.
Thumb, Albert (1865–1915)

Albert Thumb was one of the most important scholars of Greek of his time. His most lasting contributions to Greek linguistics lie in his work on Modern Greek, on which he published a number of books, including two handbooks. Although many of his shorter works have been forgotten, his outstanding handbooks have made a place for him in Indology and classical studies even today.
How to select balance measures sensitive to parkinson’s disease from body-worn inertial sensors—separating the trees from the forest

This study aimed to determine the most sensitive objective measures of balance dysfunction that differ between people with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and healthy controls. One-hundred and forty-four people with PD and 79 age-matched healthy controls wore eight inertial sensors while performing tasks to measure five domains of balance: standing posture (Sway), anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), automatic postural responses (APRs), dynamic posture (Gait) and limits of stability (LOS). To reduce the initial 93 measures, we selected uncorrelated measures that were most sensitive to PD. After applying a threshold on the Standardized Mean Difference between PD and healthy controls, 44 measures remained; and after reducing highly correlated measures, 24 measures remained. The four most sensitive measures were from APAs and Gait domains. The random forest with 10-fold cross-validation on the remaining measures (n = 24) showed an accuracy to separate PD from healthy controls of 82.4%-identical to result for all measures. Measures from the most sensitive domains, APAs and Gait, were significantly correlated with the severity of disease and with patient-related outcomes. This method greatly reduced the objective measures of balance to the most sensitive for PD, while still capturing four of the five domains of balance.
Gender discrepancies in publication productivity of high-performing life science graduate students

Abstract Despite equal matriculation into life science graduate programs, the gender gap persists for later-stage professional outcomes. To understand this divergence, we examine graduate training and use the competitive NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program to identify high-quality life science students that are awardees and honorable mentions. We use a differencing research design to estimate the relative difference of the R&D award across gender on publication trajectory. The results of the triple difference estimation show a negative effect for women compared to men from the award. We investigate the driver of this effect by examining trends within gender and find a large, positive effect of the award for men but fail to find such evidence for female awardees. Our results indicate different signaling effects across gender even though the funding is meritocratic.
\(\mathsf {dL}_{\iota }\): Definite Descriptions in Differential Dynamic Logic

We introduce Open image in new window , which extends differential dynamic logic ( Open image in new window ) for hybrid systems with definite descriptions and tuples, thus enabling its theoretical foundations to catch up with its implementation in the theorem prover Open image in new window . Definite descriptions enable partial, nondifferentiable, and discontinuous terms, which have many examples in applications, such as divisions, nth roots, and absolute values. Tuples enable systems of multiple differential equations, arising in almost every application. Together, definite description and tuples combine to support long-desired features such as vector arithmetic.
Kinetic Studies on the Oxoiron(IV) Complex with Tetradentate Aminopyridine Ligand PDP*: Restoration of Catalytic Activity by Reduction with H2O2.

Oxoiron(IV) is a common catalytic byproduct observed in the oxidation of alkenes by the combination of H2O2 and nonheme iron catalysts including complex 1, FeIIPDP* (where PDP* = bis(3,5-dimethyl-4...
Racial differences in brain cancer characteristics and survival: an analysis of SEER data.

Racial disparity with shorter survival for Blacks than Whites is well known for many cancers. However, for brain cancer, some national cancer registry studies have shown better survival among Blacks compared to Whites. This study aimed to systematically investigate whether Blacks and Whites differ in survival and also in tumor characteristics and treatment for neuroepithelial brain tumors. The National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify non-Hispanic White and Black patients diagnosed with malignant, histologically confirmed neuroepithelial brain cancer from 2004 through 2015. Racial differences in brain cancer survival were compared using Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard models. The associations of race with tumor and treatment characteristics (location, size, grade, surgical type) were examined using multinomial logistic regression. After adjusting for demographic, tumor, and treatment factors, there were no significant differences in survival for non-Hispanic Blacks compared to non-Hispanic Whites [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.10]. Non-Hispanic Blacks had higher odds of being diagnosed with tumors of unknown grade [odds ratio (OR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.29], unknown size (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.29), infratentorial (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.24) or overlapping area (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14–1.70), and lower odds of having a total surgical resection (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93). Non-Hispanic Blacks do not exhibit longer brain cancer-specific survival than non-Hispanic Whites. They were more likely to have tumors of unknown size or grade and less likely to receive total surgical resection, which may result from racial differences in access to and use of healthcare.
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy Performed in the Endoscopy Suite: A Resource Utilization Analysis

ObjectivesTo analyze the resource utilization of performing drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) procedures in an endoscopy suite (ES) setting as compared with the operating room (OR).Study DesignA ...
IMMUNE INFERTILITY AND NEW APPROACHES TO TREATMENT

For certain couples infertility exists because of a sperm antibody. New methods have been developed for the removal of these antibodies so that the patient will receive successful treatment for the infertility. Results of these efforts are described. The studies have involved the analysis of blood serum for each of the partners in each couple using 2 techniques of sperm agglutination - the gelatin agglutination test (or Kibrick Method) and the bue-slide agglutination test (or F-D method). In a large infertile population 9% of the men do have sperm antibody as tested by the gelatin agglutination test; 5% of the group are positive by the tube-slide agglutination tests meaning that 14% will be positive. For the women 18% are positive by the Kibrick method; 15% are positive by the F-D method. Thus about 30% will be positive by either method. The treatment possibilities for these patients are limited. There are now 2 new methods of treatment. 1 method is a Sperm Washing Insemination Method (S.W.I.M.) in which the fresh semen from a man with the antibody is centrifuged resuspended in an albumin solution and then used for insemination. The 2nd method is Immunolo-suppression (I.M.) using metbylprednisolone at 96 mg each day for 7 days. In some cases a marked decrease of antibody level was seen with ensuing pregnancy.
Abstract PO-53: Combined EZH2 and BCL2 inhibitors as precision therapy for genetically defined DLBCL subtypes

Molecular alterations in the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and the antiapoptotic protein BCL2 frequently co-occur in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We hypothesized that EZH2 inhibition and BCL2 inhibition would be synergistic in DLBCL. To test this, we evaluated the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat and the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax in DLBCL cells, 3D lymphoma organoids, and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). We found that tazemetostat and venetoclax are synergistic in DLBCL cells that harbor both an EZH2 mutation and a BCL2/IGH translocation, as demonstrated by CI values Citation Format: Hanna Scholze, Regan E. Stephenson, Raymond Reynolds, Shivem Shah, Rishi Puri, Matthew R. Teater, Herman van Besien, Destini Gibbs-Curtis, Hideki Ueno, Salma Parvin, Anthony G. Letai, Susan Mathew, Ankur Singh, Ethel Cesarman, Ari Melnick, Lisa Giulino-Roth. Combined EZH2 and BCL2 inhibitors as precision therapy for genetically defined DLBCL subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-53.