cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2001 INVITED ADDRESS: The Mystery of Human Context and Coping: An Unraveling of Clues

Community and clinical psychology share a fundamental focus: to understand the interplay between human contexts, coping, and adaptation. To highlight recent progress in this area, I offer a guiding conceptual framework and discuss 8 propositions about environment and coping. The propositions consider such issues as patterns of social climate and coping and their links to personal development and dysfunction, the connections between ongoing life circumstances and intervention programs, the role of personal characteristics in matching individuals and environments, and the value of placing specific settings in an ecological context. I then focus on 8 enigmas, such as how to identify conceptually unifying dimensions of diverse social contexts, how to model the processes involved in person–environment transactions, how to understand the link between adversity and personal growth, how to examine the generality of models across ethnic and cultural groups, and how to enhance positive carryover from intervention programs to ongoing life contexts. I close by addressing some implications of these issues for a vision of a dynamic community psychology.
Self-Regulation and Academic Measures Across the Early Elementary School Grades: Examining Longitudinal and Bidirectional Associations

This study evaluated the association between children's (N = 301) self-regulation and math and reading achievement in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Children's self-regulation was assessed using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) task (involving control of gross body movements) and a computerized continuous performance task (CPT; assessing primarily inhibitory control) in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Research findings: Based on cross-lagged structural equation panel models, HTKS task performance positively predicted later math and reading achievement. Math achievement significantly and positively predicted later HTKS and CPT scores. Earlier math and reading achievement moderated the association between CPT scores and later math and reading achievement; inhibitory control-based self-regulation assessed with the CPT predicted higher math or reading achievement in subsequent grades for children with lower math or reading achievement in prior grades. Performance on the CPT moderated the paths from HTKS scores to later reading achievement; behavioral self-regulation assessed with the HTKS task predicted higher reading achievement in subsequent grades for children with low or average CPT performance in prior grades. Practice: Results from this study have the potential to inform targeted academic interventions focused on enhancing self-regulation in school contexts. The findings highlight the utility of assessing multiple measures of self-regulation.
Caring for Creatures: Kierkegaard’s Exercises for a Simple Way of Life

This chapter frames the more explicitly positive pedagogy of Kierkegaard’s work in terms of the Pauline wisdom of the cross. Kierkegaard pursues the pedagogy of creatures through simple living. He does this by intertwining practices of reading and writing with scenes that attend to the rhythms of creatures that live just outside the city. This writing of creatures is oriented by a horizon of mortality and joy that shapes everyday actions—like leisure, dress, and work. This vision of a simple way of life serves to provide a positive alternative to the commercialized norms that haunt contemporary approaches to sustainability and justice.
Aspiring to the ‘gatekeeper role’ in the realm of foreign policy? The North African Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Arab Spring era

This article explores the evolving foreign policy roles played by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, and Tunisia, by drawing on a unique data set of diplomatic data,...
A time and memory efficient recipe for fast normal mode computations of complexes with icosahedral symmetry

With the recent breakthroughs in experimental technologies, structure determination of extremely large assemblies, many with icosahedral symmetry, has been rapidly accelerating. Computational studies of their dynamics are important to deciphering their functions as well as to structural refinement but are challenged by their extremely large size, which ranges from hundreds of thousands to even millions of atoms. Group theory can be used to significantly speed up the normal mode computations of these symmetric complexes, but the derivation is often obscured by the complexity of group theory and consequently is not widely accessible. To address this problem, this work presents an easy recipe for normal mode computations of complexes with icosahedral symmetry. The recipe details how the Hessian matrix in symmetry coordinates can be constructed in a few easy steps of matrix multiplications, without going through the complexity of group theory. All the "ingredient" matrices required in the recipe are fully provided in the Supplemental Information for easy reproduction. The work is timely considering the expected large in-flux of many more icosahedral assemblies in the near future. The recipe uses a minimum amount of memory and solves the normal modes in a significantly reduced amount of time, making it feasible to perform normal mode computations of these assemblies on most computer systems.
An $$L^p$$ L p Multiplicative Coboundary Theorem for Sequences of Unitriangular Random Matrices

Bradley (J Theor Probab 9(3):659–678, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214081 ) proved a “multiplicative coboundary” theorem for sequences of unitriangular random matrices with integer entries, requiring tightness of the family of distributions of the entries from the partial matrix products of the sequence. This was an analog of Schmidt’s (Cocycles on ergodic transformation groups. Macmillan lectures in mathematics, vol 1. Macmillan Company of India, Ltd., Delhi, 1977) result for sequences of real-valued random variables with tightness of the family of partial sums. Here is an $$L^p$$ moment analog of Bradley’s result which also relaxes the restriction of entries being integers.
Variation Source Identification in Manufacturing Processes Using Bayesian Approach With Sparse Variance Components Prior

We present a Bayesian linear random effects’ model for variation source identification in multistage manufacturing processes with a prior for sparse variance components. A modified horseshoe+ (HS+) prior is used to tackle high-dimensional problems with low sample size and sparse variation sources. Furthermore, we introduce the informed HS+ (IHS+) prior that incorporates the likelihood information of possible variation sources. To estimate the variations from the IHS+ prior, a specially designed Gibbs sampler is established. Through a series of numerical experiments and case study, we showed that the proposed IHS+ outperforms the existing prior distributions when variation sources are sparse. Note to Practitioners —Economic globalization brings intense competition among manufacturing enterprises. The key to success in this competitive climate is a prompt response to rapidly changing market demands with high-quality products. Variation reduction is essential for improving process efficiency and product quality. Existing variation source identification approaches generally assume that the amount of measurement data is larger than that of the possible variation sources. We propose a method to identify the process variation sources with limited measurement capability. Moreover, we provide a tool to apply the domain knowledge on the possible variations in the manufacturing processes. The proposed method is flexible and can be adjusted according to the confidence level of the practitioners’ empirical knowledge. The experiments have shown that our method possesses advantageous features in detecting variation sources and estimating the size of variations.
The use of 4F-PCC to correct direct oral anticoagulant-induced coagulopathy: An observational analysis.

Background With the approval of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC, Kcentra) for the reversal of vitamin K antagonist-associated bleeding in the United States, it has become a relatively common practice for 4F-PCC to be used in an "off-label" fashion to correct coagulopathy caused by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). However, the efficacy and safety of 4F-PCC have not been well studied in this scenario. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective observational study on the off-label use of 4F-PCC for reversing bleeding associated with DOACs in a level 1 trauma centre between November 2014 and February 2017. International normalised ratio (INR) and Hgb prior to and post 4F-PCC infusion, clinical outcome and thromboembolic events within 24 hours and 45 days of 4F-PCC administration were collected. Results We identified 24 patients on DOACs who received 4F-PCC for severe haemorrhage and emergent surgeries. Most patients showed improved haemorrhage as demonstrated by stabilised intracranial haemorrhage sizes and/or by steady Hgb levels. No thromboembolic event was identified within 24 hours of 4F-PCC administration. However, 16.7% patients (4/24) experienced thromboembolic events 2 to 45 days after receiving 4F-PCC. Conclusion Our data showed that 4F-PCC was relatively efficient in correcting DOAC-induced coagulopathy. We did notice that 16.7% of patients experienced some form of thromboembolic events in the days-to-weeks after 4F-PCC administration, although the imputability of 4F-PCC in these processes (vs their underlying disease) is difficult to determine. Additional prospective studies would be warranted to further evaluate the safety of 4F-PCC for this off-label indication.
Is ethnicity related to the distribution of lymphomas by subtype in a majority minority Hispanic community

e20083Background: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) continues to be in the top 10 of all cancer related deaths. Discrepancies exist among world regions in lymphoma subtype incidence, with a percentage of ...
Decision-Making About Tracheostomy for Children With Medical Complexity: Caregiver and Health Care Provider Perspectives.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) face decisions about tracheostomy. The objectives of this paper are to identify facilitators and barriers to tracheostomy decision-making (TDM) process for CMC. METHODS Using phenomenology as its methodologic orientation, this qualitative study conducted in North Carolina between 2013 and 2015, consists of semi-structured interviews with 56 caregivers of 41 CMC who received tracheostomies, and 5 focus groups of 33 healthcare providers (HCP) at a tertiary care children's hospital involved in TDM for CMC. Participants were asked to share their experiences and perspectives on the TDM process. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and organized into themes as is consistent with thematic content analysis. RESULTS Five themes were identified. 1) Caregivers perceived decision about tracheostomy for their children was theirs to make. 2) Strategies that increased caregivers’ active participation in the TDM process facilitated the TDM process. 3) Caregiver emotional stress and lack of understanding about tracheostomy were barriers. 4) Good HCP communication during the TDM process was valued; poor communication was a barrier. 5) Collaboration among HCP facilitated TDM, especially when nurses were involved, whereas fragmentation in care was a barrier. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers take a primary role in the TDM process. Many caregiver and HCP-level facilitators and barriers for TDM exist. Augmenting the facilitators and reducing the barriers identified in this study could improve the TDM process for CMC.
Childhood maltreatment, serotonin transporter gene, and risk for callous and unemotional traits: A prospective investigation

Abstract Previous studies have reported associations between the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR genotype and antisocial and aggressive traits and between child maltreatment and antisocial traits. However, few studies have examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderates the influence of childhood maltreatment on callous and unemotional traits, a hallmark of psychopathy. Using a prospective cohort design, children with documented cases of maltreatment and matched controls were followed up and interviewed in adulthood. DNA was extracted from blood and saliva (N = 414) and callous-unemotional (CU) traits were assessed. Childhood maltreatment predicted higher CU scores in adulthood, whereas the effect of 5-HTTLPR was not significant. The effect of child maltreatment on CU traits did not differ by genetic risk (high or low activity 5-HTTLPR), whereas controls with the LL genotype had higher CU scores than controls with the SS genotype. Similar results were found for females and White, non-Hispanics, but not for males and Blacks. Variations in 5-HTTLPR did not affect the impact of child maltreatment on CU traits in adulthood. Genetic risk had a stronger effect on adults with lower environmental risk (controls). Having a history of child maltreatment or the LL genotype placed participants at risk for higher levels of callous and unemotional trait scores.
Institutional Change in Nepal: Liberalization, Maoist Movement, Rise of Political Consciousness and Constitutional Change

Contradicting the rest of the world’s promptness to discredit communism as an alternative and Francis Fukuyama’s (1992) teleological account of ‘the end of history,’ Nepal witnessed a Maoist revolu...
Low-Energy Effective Action in Non-Perturbative Electrodynamics in Curved Spacetime

We study the heat kernel for the Laplace type partial differential operator acting on smooth sections of a complex spin-tensor bundle over a generic n-dimensional Riemannian manifold. Assuming that the curvature of the U(1) connection (that we call the electromagnetic field) is co nstant we compute the first two coeffi cients of the non-perturbative asymptotic expansion of the heat kernel which are of zero and the first ord er in Riemannian curvature and of arbitrary order in the electromagnetic field. We apply these results to the study of the effective action in non-perturbative electrodynamics in four dimensions and derive a generalization of the Schwinger’s result for the creation of scalar and spinor par ticles in electromagnetic field induced by the gravitational field. We disc over a new infrared divergence in the imaginary part of the effective action due to the gravitational corrections, which seems to be a new physical effect.
Analysis and Evaluation of Baseline Manipulation in Demand Response Programs.

The customer baseline is required to assign rebates to participants in baseline-based demand response (DR) programs. The average baseline method has been widely accepted in practice due to its simplicity and reliability. However, the customer's baseline manipulation is little-known in the literature. We start from a customer's perspective and establish a Markov decision process to model the customer's payoff-maximizing problem. The behavior of a rational customer's underconsumption on DR days and overconsumption on non-DR days are revealed. Furthermore, we propose an approximated baseline method and show how the consumption distribution and program parameters affect the results. Due to the curse of dimensionality, a linear policy-based rollout algorithm is introduced to obtain a practical approximate solution. Finally, a case study is carried out to illustrate the baseline manipulation, where the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods and shed light on how to properly design baseline methods.
Fishing in a Puddle of Doubt and Disbelief?: A Rejoinder to the Speed et al. Commentary.

In the article “Religiously/Spiritually Involved, but in Doubt or Disbelief—Why? Healthy?”, Mrdjenovich (in J Relig Health https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0711-2 , 2018) explored the practices of religious attendance and prayer among atheists and agnostic theists. Speed et al. (in J Relig Health https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01109-1 , 2020) offered a commentary regarding Mrdjenovich’s (2018) article with attention to moderators of associations between religious/spiritual constructs and health outcomes. In this rejoinder, I review Speed et al.’s (2020) commentary and I identify a number of concerns, both with their observations and ostensive oversights involving qualitative research methodology, the utility of survey data, the domain of belief, and the impact of calls for a pluralistic approach in the religion-heath research field. I conclude that Mrdjenovich does not misunderstand mechanisms of the (non)religion-health relationship as much as Speed et al. seem to misinterpret Mrdjenovich’s (2018) purpose, perspective, and default position on the issues. I reiterate that a concerted effort is required to study health outcomes among religious minorities.
Regression models using the LINEX loss to predict lower bounds for the number of points for approximating planar contour shapes

Researchers in statistical shape analysis often analyze outlines of objects. Even though these contours are infinite-dimensional in theory, they must be discretized in practice. When discretizing, ...
Warpic: A Four-Finger System for Designing Two-Dimensional Image Warping Animations

We propose a software system, Warpic, that allows for the creation of two-dimensional animations from static images thru user controlled image warping. We provide an Android application by which users can create animations using 4 fingers as simultaneous input. Additionally, we have implemented a web server where users can upload and share their animations. We define image warping as the manipulation of portions of an image through user input. In Warpic, the initial positions of the 4 fingers are recorded when the user places them on the touch screen. Then, as the user drags the fingers over the screen at each frame, Warpic computes a space warp and applies it to the image. We find that our system provides a unique interface that humans can easily relate to. Additionally, we find that our software allows users to create most animations in real-time, without any time spent waiting for rendering or configuration.
Radiation Regulations and Protection

Radiation hazards to humans are well documented.To minimize their risks, international and national organizations have been established to set guidelines for safe handling of radiations. As mentioned in Chapter 15, the ICRP and NCRP are two such organizations. They make recommendations and guidelines for radiation workers to follow in handling radiations. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and state agencies adopt many of these recommendations into regulations to implement radiation protection programs in the United States. The NRC regulations are published in the Federal Register in the form of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The regulations pertinent to the practices of nuclear medicine are briefly described here.
On recursive decoding with sublinear complexity for Reed-Muller codes

Reed-Muller (RM) codes (m, r) of length 2/sup m/ are considered on a binary symmetric (BS) channel with high crossover error probability 1/2 -/spl epsiv/. For an arbitrarily small /spl epsiv/>0, new recursive decoding algorithms are designed that retrieve all information bits of RM codes of fixed order r with a vanishing error probability and sublinear complexity of order O(m/sup r+1/). The algorithms utilize a vanishing fraction of the received symbols for both hard- and soft-decision decoding.
Sequential Batch Anaerobic Composting of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Yard Waste

Sequential batch anaerobic composting (SEBAC™) was used to treat two fractions of municipal solid waste (MSW), the organic fraction of the MSW (processed MSW) and yard waste. Processed MSW gave a mean methane yield of 0.19 m 3 kg −1 volatile solids (VS) (range = 0.18−0.22) after 42 days. The mean VS reduction was 49.7% (range = 46.6−52.4) for this same period. Yard waste gave a mean methane yield of 0.07 m 3 kg −1 VS (range 0.05 − 0.09). Methane content of the biogas stabilized at a mean of 48% (SD = 11) from three to four days after startup. The mean VS reduction for yard waste was 19% (range = 13−24]. With processed MSW the volatile acid concentration was over 3000 mg L −1 during startup but these acids were reduced within a few days to negligible levels. The trend was similar with yard waste except that volatile acids reached maximum concentrations of less than 1000 mg L −1 . Composts from the reactors were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and pollution potential. Processed MSW and yard waste residues had marginal fertilizer value but posed no potential for groundwater pollution. Yard waste residue caused no apparent inhibition to mustard (Brassicajuncea) germination relative to a commercial growth medium. Anaerobic yard waste compost demonstrated the potential to improve the water holding capacity of Florida soils.
A pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase from the particulate fraction of Klebsiella cloacae. Purification of the stable enzyme and its use in releasing the NH2 terminus from pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptides and proteins.

Abstract A pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase (EC 3.4.11.8) was purified from the particulate fraction of Klebsiella cloacae. It was demonstrated that the purified enzyme liberates the pyrrolidonecarboxylyl moiety from proteins and peptides, including l-pyrrolidonecarboxylyl-l-proline. The enzyme was solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and purified approximately 1,200-fold with an over-all yield of 16%. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 74,000, a pH optimum of 7.0, and a Km of 0.4 mm for p-(lpyrrolidin-2-one-5-carboxamido)benzoic acid, a convenient aqueous-soluble substrate developed for assay of the enzyme. A new method is reported for the identification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid released from peptides and proteins dependent upon its hydrolytic conversion into glutamic acid.
A New Objective for the Allegheny Observatory 30-Inch Refractor

As a follow-up to the development of astrometric detectors of sufficient accuracy to detect extrasolar planetary systems, the Allegheny Observatory is modernizing their 30-inch Thaw Refractor. Changes include a new objective lens and the transition of the observational bandpass from blue light to red. The new system will have sufficient accuracy to detect jovian planets orbiting any of several dozen of the Sun’s nearest stellar neighbors.
Sensory-Motor Circuits: Hox Genes Get in Touch

Sensory-motor reflex circuits are the basic units from which animal nervous systems are constructed, yet little is known regarding how connections within these simple networks are established. In papers in Cell Reports and in this issue of Neuron, Zheng et al. (2015a, 2015b) demonstrate that coordinate activities of Hox genes in sensory neurons and interneurons govern connectivity within touch-reflex circuits in C. elegans.
Trollopian Form: An Introduction

Once regarded as a minor Victorian novelist, Anthony Trollope has in recent decades become a focus of significant attention. Trollope's enhanced profile in the field of Victorian studies has doubtless much to do with the interest in liberalism after more than twenty years of neo-liberal economic and cultural ascendancy. Yet while Trollope’s reputation as the novelist par excellence of Victorian liberalism is relevant to the papers collected here, their special motive is to explore his distinctiveness as a practitioner of form. This introduction provides contexts for the three papers that follow, exploring the premise that Trollope's formal innovativeness has been too long overlooked.
Serum lipoproteins modulate oxygenated sterol insertion into human red cell membranes

The insertion of oxygenated sterol compounds into human red blood cell membranes as well as the consequent transformation of the red cells to an echinocyte shape and the expansion of the membranes are impeded by the presence of serum lipoproteins in the incubation medium. All density classes of human serum lipoproteins bind oxygenated sterol compounds, and lipoproteins can act as acceptors of oxygenated sterols previously inserted into red cells. Since oxygenated sterols have been reported to be atherogenic, the modulating and possibly protective effects of serum lipoproteins on oxygenated sterol-induced derangement of cell membrane structure and function may provide a useful model for further study.
Adsorption of N2 and CO2 on Zeolite X Exchanged with Potassium, Barium, or Lanthanum

The zeolite X ion exchanged with K, Ba, or La was tested for the adsorption of N2 and CO2. The physical adsorption of N2 at 77 K confirmed that the zeolite framework remained intact after exchange and thermal treatment. The isotopic transient analysis of N2 adsorbed on the samples at 303−333 K indicated that BaX had the highest uptake of N2, with a heat of adsorption equal to 4.5 kcal mol-1. In addition, the vibrational frequency of adsorbed N2 was most perturbed by the presence of Ba cations. Results from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that hydroxyl groups were associated with both the Ba and the La cations in the zeolites. FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO2 confirmed that the K form of zeolite X was the most basic with respect to forming surface carbonates.
Partial-match hash coding: benefits of redundancy

File designs suitable for retrieval from a file of k-field records when queries may be partially specified are examined. Storage redundancy is introduced to obtain improved worst-case and average-case performances. The resulting storage schemes are appropriate for replicated distributed database environments; it is possible to improve the overall average and worst-case behavior for query response as well as provide an environment with very high reliability. Within practical systems it will be possible to improve the query response time performance as well as reliability over comparable systems without replication.
Anti-androgenic effects of combination finasteride plus flutamide in patients with prostatic carcinoma

Objectives To determine the anti-androgenic effects and safety of the combination of finasteride and flutamide in men with prostate cancer. Patients and methods Seventeen men with various stages of prostate cancer, all of whom were candidates for androgen deprivation therapy, were treated with finasteride plus flutamide and were followed for a mean of 13.6 months using measurements of serum prostate specific anti gen (PSA), and an assessment of regression and side-effects. Results The initial median PSA level was 19.8 ng/mL; at 3, 6 and 12 months the median PSA had fallen to 1.2, 0.85 and 0.8 ng/mL, respectively. In four patients followed for 2 years, the anti-neoplastic effects were sustained. Patients with initially palpable disease had regression, as assessed by a digital rectal examination. Side-effects included gynaecomastia (five patients), mildly elevated hepatic transaminases (two) and diarrhoea (one). Most (10) men maintained their previous sexual function. Conclusions Early results suggest that the combination of finasteride and flutamide provides significant anti-androgenic therapy and maintains sexual function in most men. A further investigation with more patients and a longer follow-up is warranted.
Survey of US public attitudes toward pharmacogenetic testing

To assess public attitudes and interest in pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, we conducted a random-digit-dial telephone survey of US adults, achieving a response rate of 42% (n=1139). Most respondents expressed interest in PGx testing to predict mild or serious side effects (73±3.29 and 85±2.91%, respectively), guide dosing (91%) and assist with drug selection (92%). Younger individuals (aged 18-34 years) were more likely to be interested in PGx testing to predict serious side effects (vs aged 55+ years), as well as Whites, those with a college degree, and who had experienced side effects from medications. However, most respondents (78±3.14%) were not likely to have a PGx test if there was a risk that their DNA sample or test result could be shared without their permission. Given differences in interest among some groups, providers should clearly discuss the purpose of testing, alternative testing options (if available) and policies to protect patient privacy and confidentiality.
Radiation Laws Describing the Emission of Photons by Black Bodies

Photon Laws for Black Body Radiation: Starting with a relation showing the temperature volume changes for black body radiation which is undergoing an adiabatic change, it is shown how photon laws which correspond one by one with known radiant energy laws may be derived. In all instances, excepting two, namely λm′T=const and νm′T=const, the photon relations differ from the corresponding radiant energy relations chiefly by having a power of T decreased by one, a power of λ increased by one, or a power of ν decreased by one. The entropy of black body radiation is strictly proportional to the number of photons involved. Table of Black Body Radiation Constants: A table includes values in common units for the collective groups of constants entering the various photon and radiant energy equations mentioned in the paper.
Using a Bibliographic Study to Identify Faculty Candidates for Data Services

Making connections with faculty can be challenging for librarians developing new data services programs. In order to identify faculty with a variety of data experiences, the author conducted a review of selected recent publications by sixty-two agricultural faculty members at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. As a follow-up, faculty who had publicly shared data beyond that published in an article were contacted directly to request interviews to discuss data sharing. These active, targeted messages have generated more faculty response than the general data services announcements previously broadcast. Bibliographic studies are a known method for librarians, but using this method to identify faculty candidates for data services represents a new application. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed.
Morphosyntax can modulate the N400 component: Event related potentials to gender-marked post-nominal adjectives

Event-related potential studies of grammatical gender agreement often report a left anterior negativity (LAN) when agreement violations occur. Some studies have shown that during sentence comprehension gender violations can also interact with semantic processing to modulate a negativity associated with processing meaning - the N400. Given that the LAN and N400 overlap in time, they are identified by their scalp distributions and purported functional roles. Critically, grammatical gender violations also elicit a right posterior positivity that can overlap temporally and potentially affect the scalp distribution of the LAN/N400. We measured the effect of grammatical gender violations in the LAN/N400 window and late positive component (LPC) during comprehension of Spanish sentences. A post-nominal adjective could either make sense or not, and either agree or disagree in gender with the preceding noun. We observed a negativity to gender agreement violations in the LAN/N400 window (300-500ms post stimulus onset) that was smaller than the semantic-congruity N400, but overlapped with it in time and distribution. The early portion of the LPC to gender violations was modulated by sentence constraint, occurring as early as 450ms in highly constraining sentences. A subadditive interaction occurred at the later portion of the LPC with equivalent effects for single and double violations (gender and semantics), reflecting a general stage of reprocessing. Overall, our data support models of language comprehension whereby both semantic and morphosyntactic information can affect processing at similar time points.
Endocytosis of red blood cells or haemoglobin by activated macrophages inhibits their tumoricidal effect

Endocytosis of red blood cells or haemoglobin by activated macrophages inhibits their tumoricidal effect
White Seabass Spawning Behavior and Sound Production

Abstract White seabass Atractoscion nobilis (family Sciaenidae) form transient spawning aggregations in the spring and summer throughout southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico. Although spawning activity has been linked with sound production in other sciaenid fishes, the function and acoustic characteristics of white seabass sounds have not previously been identified. We described the spawning behavior and characterized the sounds generated by 62 white seabass maintained within the seminatural conditions and free-field acoustic environment of a net-pen moored in Catalina Harbor, California. In addition to visual observations, video and audio recordings were made during periods of peak spawning activity in 2001-2003. The physical characteristics of white seabass sounds were described and illustrated with sonogram, waveform, and power spectrum displays. Gravid females were identifiable during courtship and spawning by shifts in behavior and the development of dark bars across the dorsal re...
SU-E-T-180: Empirical Determination of Output Factors for Proton Therapy Fields Using a Uniform Scanning Proton Beam and 10cm Snout

Purpose: he output factor of a proton field is affected by energy, width of spread‐out Bragg Peak (SOBP), source to measurement point distance, shape and size of the aperture, and the thickness of the compensator. It is generally measured in a water phantom to determine MU needed for each treatment field. This is time consuming and labor intensive. Previous studies employed empirical fits to measured data and then applied correction factors to account for various parameters. In this study, we have developed an empirical model to determine the output factors for proton fields with a 10cm snout using a cubic equation. Methods: Measured output factors with (OFclosed) and without (OFopen) a compensator for 693 fields delivered with the uniform scanning beam were analyzed. The measurements were made for various ranges, SOBP widths, air gaps, aperture shapes and sizes using a 10cm snout. 3D empirical equations for predicting OFclosed and OFopen were determined by fitting the data to several 3D curves and evaluating each fit. Results: The proposed model uses a simplified cubic fit. The distribution of closed measured OF vs predicted OF for this model has a mean of 1.000 and 0.013 the standard deviation and agrees within 3% of measured data 88.9% of all fields. The current model being used has a mean of 0.994 and a standard deviation of 0.009 and agrees within 3% of measured data 98.2% of all fields. Conclusion: We have shown that a simplified cubic fitting of the measured data allows for calculation of output factor with a single equation of the form OF=f(Inverse Square Law Correction, SOBP, Range). This empirical equation may be used to double check the OFclosed obtained with the separate model that is currently used. The model will significantly reduce the QA time required for measurements
The extremely low frequency electrical properties of plant stems

The electrical properties (variation of capacitance and conductance with frequency) of a plant stem can be conveniently measured in vivo by time domain dielectric spectroscopy. In this technique a voltage step is applied to a stem. The resulting polarization current is sampled by a microprocessor and Fourier-transformed to yield these properties. Spectra were obtained for seven electrode separations along a Poinsettia stem. The inverse capacitance and conductance were plotted vs separation for 50 frequencies from .35 to 350 Hz. Least-square fits yielded the effective dielectric constant and conductivity of the stem over this frequency range. In this way electrode effects were eliminated. A similar procedure was carried out for Coleus. A log-log plot of dielectric constant vs frequency shows a two-stage linear decrease for both plants. The conductivity is primarily DC. The dielectric loss decreases smoothly with frequency for Coleus. These results are compared to those for bone and the inorganic material hollandite. The dielectric properties seem best described by a cooperative, manybody approach.
Normal Variation in Size of the FMR2 Gene Is Not Associated with Variation in Intellectual Performance.

Abstract In this study, a fragile X mental retardation (FMR2) gene was examined as a potential single-gene candidate for intelligence variability. The FMR1 mutation is the most common etiology of fragile X syndrome. Although the FMR2 mutation is believed to be less common than the FMR1 mutation, both gene mutations are associated with mental retardation and learning disability. For both genes, mutations consist of over approximately 200 cytosine–guanine–guanine (CGG) repeats, whereas the number of repeats present in the normal version of each gene vary across individuals, but does not appear to exceed 50. In this study, the association between the number of CGG repeats and IQ score was examined among 902 school age children. Separate analyses were conducted with the entire sample, among only Caucasian or only African American children, and among only boys or girls. None of the statistical models examined revealed a significant association between full scale IQ (FSIQ) and the number of CGG repeats. The results from this study indicate that variation in CGG size, among normal size FMR2 alleles, is not a contributor to normal variation in intelligence.
Interspecific dominance does not exclude sub-dominant blennies from offshore petroleum platforms

Interspecific interactions can determine the abundance and distributions of animals. Seaweed blennies, Parablennius marmoreus, and tesselated blennies, Hypsoblennius invemar, are found in barnacle cavities on offshore petroleum platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. I measured the interspecific resource defense interactions between these fishes in aquaria. Seaweed blennies were dominant over tesselated blennies when equal-sized fishes were tested. No difference in dominance was found when tesselated blennies had a 10% advantage in size. However, tesselated blennies were able to successfully defend cavities against equal-sized competitors when given the advantage of prior residence. This prior residence advantage persisted despite seaweed blennies having the advantage of past experience. Seaweed blennies attain a larger size on petroleum platforms, but empty barnacle cavities are common in this environment. Tesselated blennies are able to colonize and successfully spawn because they can enter an empty barnacle cavity, gain the advantage of prior residence, and successfully defend this cavity.
Distinguishing characteristics between pandemic 2009-2010 influenza A (H1N1) and other viruses in patients hospitalized with respiratory illness.

Background Differences in clinical presentation and outcomes among patients infected with pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1 (pH1N1) compared to other respiratory viruses have not been fully elucidated.
Data-Based Dominance

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThis paper examines certain dominance rules for comparisons of alternatives on the basis of limited historical data. These rules are useful in the context of performance evaluation, and for comparisons of uncertain prospects for which some historical data are available. Relationships of data-based dominance rules to utility models are studied. Similarities and differences between these rules and other types of dominance are also examined.
Determination of Pyridostigmine in Mammalian Plasma: Addressing Current Problems

Abstract The variable data for pyridostigmine levels reported in human plasma would indicate procedural and/or analytical problems. Consequently an effort was made to establish a precise and sensitive method which could be applied to the quantitation of pyridostigmine in plasma of human as well as other mammalian species. In this method the effect of various types of anticoagulants, the efficacy and precision of the isolation cartridge, the stability of the drug in blood, and the effect of cryogenic storage on the isolation and quantitation of both drug and internal standard were examined. Data on spiked human, guinea pig, dog, and rat plasma at nanogram level of pyridostigmine were presented. Variable concentrations of mobile phase, ranging from 20–27% acetonitrile in water, were used to minimize interfering peaks present in blank samples. Limits of sensitivity in ng/ml (CV) were: human, 2.5 (12.5%), guinea pig, 5.0 (4.5%), dog, 5.0 (2.7%), and rat, 5.0 (7.2%).
Ondelettes and phase cell cluster expansions, a vindication

Y. Meyer has recently developed a particularly useful o.n. basis for L2(Rd). Expansions using this basis, i.e. expansions into "ondelettes" or "wavelets," have yielded important new results in soft and hard analysis. The expansion into ondelettes of a boson scalar field naturally leads to phase cell cluster expansions, a formalism already developed by the authors using other related bases. Adoption of ondelettes expansions into the phase cell program gives improvements of some extant results, and excises an early error. Ondelettes lend more elegance to the phase cell cluster expansion of ~b~, and to us are a vindication of the fundamental nature o f this approach. This provides more promise for future developments.
The chemistry of 2-aminobenzoyl hydrazides. 1. Effects of orthoester substituents on the mode of cyclization†

Treatment of substituted 2-aminobenzoyl hydrazides with orthoesters has been found to yield different products depending upon the type of orthoester employed. Equimolar quantities of orthoester and hydrazide yield 3-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones, whereas utilization of a two-fold excess (or greater) of orthoester yields, in some cases, 3,4-dihydro-5H-1,3,4-benzotriazepin-5-ones as minor products in addition to N-[4(3H)-quinaz-olinon-3-yl]imidate esters as major products. Treatment of hydrazides with trimethyl orthobenzoate yields substituted 5-(2-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 3,4-dihydro-5H-1,3,4-benzotriazepin-5-ones. The steric bulk of the phenyl group in trimethyl orthobenzoate effects the formation of adduct at the β-nitrogen of the hydrazide which cyclized to the oxadiazole and benzotriazepinone products. In the aliphatic orthoester series, the formation of adduct to the aromatic amino group appears to be favored which gives rise to quinazolinone and benzotriazepinone products.
The role of coping, social support, and family communication in explaining the self‐esteem of adult children of alcoholics

This study examined the relationship between parental alcoholism and adult children's self‐esteem. This relationship was hypothesized to be moderated by young adults’ coping styles, perceived social support from family and friends, and family communication styles. Subjects (143 students) completed a questionnaire that included measures of parental alcoholism, self‐esteem, coping styles, social support, and family communication. Results indicated no significant relationship between parental alcoholism and self‐esteem. Additionally, social support and family communication did not moderate this relationship. While coping style did not appear to be a moderator, one behavior (ventilation) did appear to be a vulnerability and resiliency factor for children of alcoholics.
The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism Back to the Future

We highlight the role of neuroticism in the development and course of emotional disorders and make a case for shifting the focus of intervention to this higher-order dimension of personality. Recen...
Precise Near-Real-Time Sea Surface Height Measurements from the Jason-1 and Jason-2/OSTM Missions

Precise measurements of sea surface height from the Jason-1 and Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission satellite altimeter missions are being generated within seven and four hours, respectively, of real time by applying high accuracy orbit altitudes to their near-real-time altimetry products. The near-real-time orbit altitudes have respective accuracies of <2 and <1 cm (RMS), and the corresponding sea surface height measurements have accuracies of <4.0 and <3.5 cm, respectively. These near-real-time orbit solutions are computed using GPS-based precise orbit determination for Jason-2, and Jason-1/Jason-2 sea surface height crossover differences for Jason-1.
ALCOHOL USE AND ABUSE, SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE '

Suicide and homicide rates were not associated with indices of alcohol use and abuse in a sample of 18 nations in 1966
The problem of the 21st century: Economics faculty and the color line

Abstract With historical data on black economist hirings in Ph.D. granting economics programs and the supply of new black economics doctorates in the United States, this paper examines the conventional pipeline explanation for the dearth of blacks on economics faculties. Parameter estimates from count data specifications of a demand–supply relationship reveal that increases in the supply of new black economics doctorates do not increase, but instead decrease the likelihood of a Ph.D. granting economics department hiring black economists. Our results suggest that black economists are underrepresented on the faculties of Ph.D. granting economics departments by at least a factor of two. Instead of there simply being too few blacks earning economics doctorates to fill faculty jobs—the so-called pipeline problem—there appears to be a “color line” problem in that race explains the underrepresentation of blacks on the economics faculties of Ph.D. granting departments in the U.S.
Numerical and experimental investigation of pulsatile hemodynamics in the total cavopulmonary connection

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools have been extensively applied to study the hemodynamics in the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in patients with only a single functioning ventricle. Without the contraction of a sub-pulmonary ventricle, pulsatility of flow through this connection is low and variable across patients, which is usually neglected in most numerical modeling studies. Recent studies suggest that such pulsatility can be non-negligible and can be important in hemodynamic predictions. The goal of this work is to compare the results of an in-house numerical methodology for simulating pulsatile TCPC flow with experimental results. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) was acquired on TCPC in vitro models to evaluate the capability of the CFD tool in predicting pulsatile TCPC flow fields. In vitro hemodynamic measurements were used to compare the numerical prediction of power loss across the connection. The results demonstrated the complexity of the pulsatile TCPC flow fields and the validity of the numerical approach in simulating pulsatile TCPC flow dynamics in both idealized and complex patient specific models.
Trapping dynamics of disilane on bare and monohydride-terminated Si(100)-2×1

Abstract The initial trapping probability of disilane on bare and monohydride-terminated Si(100)-2×1 surfaces was measured using molecular beam techniques. On the bare surface, trapping is shown to be very efficient, with near unit trapping probability at incident kinetic energies up to 0.2 eV, and nearly 50% trapping at 1 eV kinetic energy. The monohydride-terminated surface displays significantly less trapping efficiency than the bare surface. Interestingly, trapping probabilities decrease as the angle of incidence is increased, with the decrease becoming more pronounced at higher kinetic energies; this effect is discussed in terms of parallel momentum accommodation dynamics.
On the foundations of non-linear thermo-viscoelasticity

Abstract The present paper is concerned with the formulation of non-linear theories of thermo-visco-elasticity. The general theory presented embodies the non-linear generalization of Voigt, Maxwell and other classes of viscoelastic solids and fluids. The fundamental equations for the thermoelastic solid, the thermoviscous fluid and other special classes of materials are obtained from the general theory by specialization. The theory is applied to the problem of rectilinear laminar flow between two heat reservoirs for three special classes of thermo-viscoelastic materials. Some results of matrix algebra pertinent to the development of the theory are presented in the appendix.