cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale

ABSTRACTThe current study has two main goals: (a) to identify a factor structure of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) on a large archival data, collected from 1,325 adults in the United States (709 women, 616 men) by the U.S. General Social Survey in 2004 and (b) to examine the measurement invariance of the 16 DSES items between women and men in the same data to see whether any of the items are favoring or biased toward either women or men. The one-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit our data better than the two-factor CFA models because of high correlations between the two factors (r > .90). The fit of the one-factor CFA to our sample data was improved when we specified seven correlated residuals suggested by overlapping item content and large modification indices. The ensuing measurement invariance testing of the one-factor CFA model with seven correlated residuals supported full measurement invariance of factor loadings, thresholds, and residual variances, as well as factor v...
Effects of chronic clonidine administration and withdrawal on free-runninng circadian activity rhythms☆

Abstract This study examined the effects of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist clonidine on free-running circadian activity rhythms in rats, using a dosing regimen similar to one previously shown to induce behavioral depression in the swim test. In constant light, clonidine consistently shortened the free-running circadian period, reduced circadian amplitude, and reduced the overall level of locomotor activity. These effects were reversed after the termination of clonidine treatment. In constant darkness, clonidine reduced circadian amplitude, but both increases and decreases in free-running period and activity level were observed. Clonidine-induced changes in free-running period and activity level were systematically related to individual differences in baseline activity in both constant light and constant darkness. These results demonstrate that clonidine can alter both the rhythmicity and the level of spontaneous activity, and are consistent with the hypothesis that monoaminergic systems may mediate relationships between behavioral state and circadian rhythmicity.
Transparent trust and oppression

I construct an analysis of social trust that attends distinctively to cooperation in social relations that has the capability to (begin to) counter the default social distrust obtained due to oppressive conditions via a form of collective reasoning. For social trust to overcome oppression it must be a normatively transparent form of trust. Transparent trust can counter the effects of oppression on social interaction and foster social cooperation by correcting unequal positions of social vulnerability and improving disparities in credibility resultant of oppression since collective reasoning in norm legitimization permits all individuals to participate in the process of self and other defining and the development of the concomitant norms that guide these processes.
Advantages and Challenges of Research Programs with Extensive Industry Involvement

One of the challenges faced by young academics is to perform industry research in a way that university requirements for academic tenure are fulfilled. This paper provides ideas for assistant professors in the construction disciplines for integrating industry into their research programs. The paper provides insight on connecting with industry, administrative issues to consider in industry research, traits of industry re- search,andadvantagesandchallengesofindustryresearch.Inaddition,thepaperlooksatspecificindustryresearchexamplesanddescribesthe outcomes of this involvement. The final component of the study provides industry's perspective of academic research.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE) SC.1943-5576.0000204. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. Author keywords: Construction Engineering; Research; Industry; Assistant professors; Guidelines; Collaboration.
178. Structure-Activity Relationships in a Library of Pyridinium Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery

Top of pageAbstract Gene therapy promises to revolutionize medicine by providing a method to treat diseases at their core level-the living cell-with the ultimate drug-the DNA. However, its success relies on designing transfection systems that can overcome the different delivery barriers present in living organisms. Viral vectors are the most efficient, but they are hampered by safety issues related to their immunogenicity and sometimes fatal toxicity. Synthetic non-viral vectors-cationic lipids, polymers and related gemini surfactants and oligomeric polycations provide promising alternatives to the use of viruses for delivering genes therapeutically, but their efficiency must be increased1 Fig 1. Heterocyclic cationic lipids in particular were shown to display a good transfection profile and low cytotoxic side effects. Our strategy2 for generating new synthetic cationic vectors for gene delivery bearing pyridinium polar heads is based on the use of highly reactive pyrylium salts, which can react with a primary amine to generate the polar head in single high-yield step. Switching from a monoamine to a di- or polyamine one can readily access the classes of cationic lipids, gemini surfactants or lipophilic polycations. We present a structure-activity relationship study which identified several lead compounds such as 1|[ndash]|7 that display better transfection profiles than commercial transfection systems in vitro and in vivo. The study offers insights on the influence of the structural elements on the physico-chemical properties and transfection efficiency of these classes on non-viral transfection systems, as well as the optimum formulations found to be the most efficient on various tumor cell lines, as well as for in vivo studies. The advantages of the present technology to generate fluorescent molecular markers will also be discussed.
Erythropoietin receptor transcription is neither elevated nor predictive of surface expression in human tumour cells.

Erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) has been reported to be overexpressed in tumours and has raised safety concerns regarding the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to treat anaemia in cancer patients. To investigate the potential for EpoR to be overexpressed in tumours, we have evaluated human tumours for amplification of the EPOR locus, levels of EPOR transcripts, and expression of surface EpoR protein. Gene amplification analysis of 1083 solid tumours found that amplification of the EPOR locus was rare with frequencies similar to other non-oncogenes. EPOR transcript levels in tumours and tumour cell lines were low in comparison with bone marrow and were equivalent to, or lower than, levels in normal tissues of tumour origin. Although EpoR mRNA was detected in some tumour lines, no EpoR could be detected on the cell surface using 125I-Epo binding studies. This may be due to the lack of EpoR protein expression or lack of cell-surface-trafficking factors, such as Jak2. Taken together, we have found no evidence that EpoR is overexpressed in tumours or gets to the surface of tumour cells. This suggests that there is no selective advantage for tumours to overexpress EpoR and questions the functional relevance of EpoR gene transcription in tumours.
Note on the Optimal Size of Government

Since government is a nonprofit organization, I apply firm theory under zero profit condition to analyze the optimal size of government. Government should minimize short­run average cost while demand for public service is equal to supply of public service. The optimal size of government implies (1) tax is minimized under balance budget given public service and (2) budget surplus and budget deficit are inefficient (i.e., balance budget is Pareto optimum)
Rapsyn-mediated clustering of acetylcholine receptor subunits requires the major cytoplasmic loop of the receptor subunits.

During synaptogenesis at the neuromuscular junction, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are organized into high-density postsynaptic clusters that are critical for efficient synaptic transmission. Rapsyn, an AChR associated cytoplasmic protein, is essential for the aggregation and immobilization of AChRs at the neuromuscular junction. Previous studies have shown that when expressed in nonmuscle cells, both assembled and unassembled AChR subunits are clustered by rapsyn, and the clustering of the α subunit is dependent on its major cytoplasmic loop. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of rapsyn-induced clustering of the AChR β, γ, and δ subunits by testing mutant subunits for the ability to cocluster with rapsyn in transfected QT6 cells. For each subunit, deletion of the major cytoplasmic loop, between the third and fourth transmembrane domains, dramatically reduced coclustering with rapsyn. Furthermore, each major cytoplasmic loop was sufficient to mediate clustering of an unrelated transmembrane protein. The AChR subunit mutants lacking the major cytoplasmic loops could assemble into αδ dimers, but these were poorly clustered by rapsyn unless at least one mutant was replaced with its wild-type counterpart. These results demonstrate that the major cytoplasmic loop of each AChR subunit is both necessary and sufficient for mediating efficient clustering by rapsyn, and that only one such domain is required for rapsyn-mediated clustering of an assembly intermediate, the αδ dimer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 54: 486–501, 2003
The Slippage Configuration Is Always the Least Favorable Configuration for Two Alternatives

Abstract Performance guarantees for multinomial selection procedures are usually derived by finding the least favorable configuration (LFC)—the one for which the probability of correct selection is minimum outside the indifference zone—and then evaluating the procedure on that configuration. The slippage configuration has been proved to be the LFC for several procedures and has been conjectured to be the worst for some other procedures. The principal result of this article unifies and extends all previous results for two alternatives: the slippage configuration is the worst for all procedures that have a finite expected number of trials and always select the alternative with more successes. A generalization of the key inequality in the proof to an arbitrary number of alternatives is conjectured.
Immune Dysregulation in Sepsis

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a manifestation of the host's immune response to infection. With an aim to eradicate the pathogen, the immune system is activated to encourage a state of inflammation, which is followed by a number of interactions to restore homeostasis. This balance is mediated by a complex interplay among many immune components, which at times can lead to an excessive anti-inflammatory environment, the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome. Numerous cellular and chemokine mediators such as monocytes and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are involved in the manifestation of this syndrome and, if further dysregulated, can lead to immunoparalysis, a prolonged anti-inflammatory environment placing the host at risk for potentially life-threatening infections. Understanding these complex immune reactions may help better identify immune dysregulation during sepsis, holding important implications for the clinician when managing septic patients.
Evaluation of agreement between intraocular pressure measurements using Goldmann applanation tonometry and Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure by Reichert's ocular response analyser

Evaluation of agreement between intraocular pressure measurements using Goldmann applanation tonometry and Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure by Reichert's ocular response analyser
Mosaicism for a chromosome 8-derived minute marker chromosome in a patient with manifestations of trisomy 8 mosaicism

We describe a patient with manifestations of the mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome and mosaicism for a minute marker chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome 8 probe confirmed that the marker was derived from chromosome 8. This is the smallest piece of chromosome 8 to be reported in a patient with mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome. When the clinical picture is strongly suggestive of trisomy for a specific chromosome region, we believe that FISH can be used to test markers in a guided, rather than random, fashion.
Supported Iridium Cluster Catalysts for Propene Hydrogenation: Identification by X‐Ray Absorption Spectra Measured During Catalysis

The identification of Ir4and Ir6as catalytically active species is reported. Supported metal carbonyl clusters, [Ir4(CO)12]/γ-Al2O3, [Ir6(CO)15]2−/γ-Al2O3, and [HIr4(CO)11]−/MgO, were treated in He to prepare supported metal clusters modeled as Ir4/γ-Al2O3 (1), Ir6/γ-Al2O3 (2), and Ir4/MgO (3). The samples were characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy during propene hydrogenation catalysis; the partial pressures of propene and hydrogen were both 0.5 bar. From the EXAFS data the Ir-Ir shell coordination numbers of 1, 2, and 3 were determined as 3.2, 4.0, and 3.0, respectively.
Phoretic Mite Discrimination Among Male Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus investigator) Hosts

Abstract Nicrophorus beetles reproduce by burying small vertebrate carcasses underground in a brood chamber. All stages of the phoretic mite Poecilochirus (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) associate closely with Nicrophorus beetles by clinging to them for transportation and by reproducing in the beetles’ brood chamber. Presumably, the fitness of phoretic mites is affected by the ability of their beetle host to successfully locate and bury a carcass. Previous studies have shown that thermoregulation during flight, competitive ability, burying speed, and burial depth are all positively correlated with adult beetle body size. This study, conducted in the Rocky Mountains of southwestern Colorado, addresses whether deuteronymph mites discriminate among male Nicrophorus investigator Zetterstedt (Coleoptera: Silphidae) hosts based on beetle body size, a proxy for beetle condition. We found that the number of phoretic mites on wild-caught male N. investigator beetles was positively correlated with beetle body weight an...
Interactive, Conceptual Word Walls: Transforming Content Vocabulary Instruction one Word at a Time

Research shows a strong relationship between student word knowledge and academic achievement. This research study explores the use of interactive, conceptual word walls to support science learning in an ethnically diverse, high-poverty middle school in a large southern state. Unit test scores of 115 sixth grade students were collected and analyzed in order to test whether the percentage of students passing, and the mean test score among students, significantly varied on the basis of whether interactive, conceptual word walls were utilized. Both were found to be significant. Linear regression determined the effects of word walls on the basis of three demographic variables. On the basis of this analysis, the percentage of students passing is expected to increase by 25% and the mean test scores is predicted to increase by 12.56 points when interactive, conceptual word walls are utilized. Qualitative methods were used to analyze student and teacher perceptions. A good, better, best word wall rubric that was used to guide word wall construction and teacher reflection is also presented. Interactive, conceptual word walls are presented as a viable teaching strategy that positively impacts both unit test means and the total number of students passing science tests.
Long-Term Survival in Young Women: Hazards and Competing Risks after Thyroid Cancer

Background. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) are one of the most common and survivable cancers diagnosed in women. We examine factors associated with long-term survival and competing risks of death in women diagnosed with DTC under the age of 40 (<40) and aged 40 and older (40+). Methods. SEER data was used to identify DTCs diagnosed in women from 1975 to 2009. We examined overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), other cancer (OCS), and non-cancer-related (NCS) survival using multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results. Observed survival was 97.2% for <40 (n = 14,540) and 82.5% for 40+ (n = 20,513). Distant stage (HR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.23–3.07), non-Hispanic Black (HR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.45–2.87), being unmarried (HR = 1.26, 95% 1.03–1.54), and subsequent primary cancers (HR = 4.63, 95% CI 3.76–5.71) were significant for OS in women <40. Age was an effect modifier for all survival outcomes. Racial disparities in NCS were most pronounced for young non-Hispanic black women (HR = 3.36, 95% CI 2.17–5.22). Women in both age groups were more likely to die from other causes. Conclusions. Age at diagnosis remains one of the strongest prognostic factors for thyroid cancer survival. More directed efforts to ensure effective care for comorbid conditions are needed to reduce mortality from other causes.
Essay: Break the Silence

The author recounts major personal and moral tensions that arose during an 11-month period living in Ghana and shares how she has since learned to reconcile those tensions.
Hearing and Listening in a Typical Classroom

In the past, many educational audiologists dedicated the majority of their time to assessing the hearing status of students and providing listening solutions to those students with hearing loss. Mo...
Public Mental Health Care Utilization by Older Adults

The present study examined the extent to which older adults began public mental health treatment throughout Texas in 1999, the types of services they used, and how they compared on demographic and clinical variables to younger consumers. Notwithstanding recent policy and related developments, older adults were found to use public mental health services at substantially low rates, as in past decades. Significantly, older consumers tended to be relatively healthy and independent. Among younger and, even more so, older consumers, there were relatively high proportions of rural residents and minorities, groups previously found to be unlikely to utilize private mental health services. Overall, the findings urge that greater attention be devoted to public mental health outreach and service delivery with the elderly, and raise the question of what role the public mental health system should have in nursing homes and other long-term care settings.
A SPECT system simulator built on the SolidWorks TM 3D-Design package.

We have developed a GPU-accelerated SPECT system simulator that integrates into instrument-design work flow [1]. This simulator includes a gamma-ray tracing module that can rapidly propagate gamma-ray photons through arbitrary apertures modeled by SolidWorksTM-created stereolithography (.STL) representations with a full com- plement of physics cross sections [2, 3]. This software also contains a scintillation detector simulation module that can model a scintillation detector with arbitrary scintillation crystal shape and light-sensor arrangement. The gamma-ray tracing module enables us to efficiently model aperture and detector crystals in SolidWorksTM and save them as STL file format, then load the STL-format model into this module to generate list-mode results of interacted gamma-ray photon information (interaction positions and energies) inside the detector crystals. The Monte-Carlo scintillation detector simulation module enables us to simulate how scintillation photons get reflected, refracted and absorbed inside a scintillation detector, which contributes to more accurate simulation of a SPECT system.
Financial Management Techniques in Family Businesses

This paper explores financial management techniques of family businesses. We surveyed family businesses to understand the extent to which they use capital budgeting techniques, risk adjustment techniques, and working capital management techniques. We found that more established, larger family businesses that have either an outside board of directors or a nonfamily member in the financial decision-making role are more likely than their smaller counterparts to employ sophisticated financial management techniques.
The intensity-score approach to adjusting for confounding.

Dans un article recent sur l'efficacite des traitements antihypertension, Berlowitz et al (1998) introduisent une methode ad hoc d'ajustement pour la confusion serielle via un score d'intensite qui comptabilise les differences cumulees au cours du temps entre le traitement administre et ce qui aurait du l'etre en fonction de l'histoire medicale du sujet. On realise ensuite une regression des resultats sur le score d'intensite et les covariables initiales pour determiner si on peu predire une reponse favorable pour un traitement ou une exposition intense. Nous utilisons des modeles de moyenne structuraux emboites pour deduire des conditions suffisantes d'interpretation causale des resultats de Berlowitz. Nous etudions aussi une approche modifiee qui etalonne l'intensite a chaque temps en fonction de l'inverse du traitement attendu en fonction de l'histoire medicale du sujet. Ceci conduit a une application simple en deux etapes de la G-estimation si on suppose, de facon non standard mais fructueuse, un modele structural de moyenne emboite dans lequel les sujets les moins a meme de recevoir le traitement sont ceux qui en tireraient vraisemblablement le plus de benefices. Ces hypotheses de modelisation s'appliquent par exemple dans un contexte ou l'acces aux soins est le sujet principal d'une recherche en sante publique. Ces hypotheses sont aussi plausibles dans notre analyse des effets de puissantes therapies antiretrovirales sur les changements du nombre des CD4, car les sujets qui ont les CD4 initiaux eleves sont ceux qui ont le plus de chance de voir une augmentation importante de leur nombre sous traitement mais ils sont aussi ceux qui ont le moins de chance de recevoir le traitement.
Coping and Positive Affect in Adolescents of Mothers With and Without a History of Depression.

The adolescent children of depressed mothers are at increased risk for depression, but little is known about protective factors for these children. Maintenance of positive affect in a stressful context may be an important marker of resilience. Mothers with (n = 34) and without (n = 38) a history of depression and their adolescent children completed questionnaires regarding adolescents’ coping and depressive symptoms and engaged in a 15 min videotaped interaction about family stress. Adolescents’ observed behaviors were coded using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. No significant differences emerged in observed behavior between adolescents of mothers with and without a history of depression. Higher levels of primary and secondary control coping and lower levels of disengagement coping were related to higher levels of observed positive mood and fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents. Observed positive mood was related to fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents, even after accounting for maternal history of depression and current maternal depressive symptoms. Results suggest the importance of considering positive affect in the context of family stress as a marker of resilience in adolescents at risk for depression. The current study provides evidence for coping as a protective factor, related to higher levels of positive affect and fewer depressive symptoms, in adolescents exposed to maternal depressive symptoms.
Thin film microstructure of solution processable pyrene-based small molecules for electronic applications

Summary form only given. Semiconducting 6,7,15,16-tetrakis(alkylthio)quinoxalino [2',3' :9,10] -phenanthro[4,5 - abc]phenazine, TQPP-[SR]4 for R= C12H25, C10H21, C8H17, and C6H13 has been synthesized as a solution-processable potential charge transport material for organic electronics applications (Kaafarani et al., 2007). We characterize the microstructure of TQPP-[SR]4 in films using a combination of polarized photon absorption spectroscopies (X-ray, vis, and infrared), X-ray diffraction, and scanning probe techniques. This effective characterization strategy allowed the complete determination of crystal order and molecular orientation within thin films of this complex molecule.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of B or N Implanted Monocrystalline 1-SiC Thin Films and its Effect on Electrical Properties and Device Performance

The annealing behavior of B or N dual implants in 1-SiC thin films has been studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and four point probe electrical measurements. A high resistivity layer was produced after annealing the B implanted-amorphous layer in the temperature range from 1000°C to 1500°C for 300 a; however, the resistivity rapidly decreased as a result of annealing at higher temperatures. The reasons for these changes in resistivity and the lack of p-type conduction at all annealing temperatures in these B implants include: (1) possible compensation of the native n-type carriers, (2) reduction in the B concentration via formation of B-containing precipitates between 1300°C and 1600°C and out diffusion of this species at and above 1600°C, and (3) creation of additional n-type carriers. No precipitates or defect structure was observed in N implanted-annealed samples. The resistivity of this non amorphous n-type layer decreased with increasing annealing temperatures from 700°C to 1800°C. Furthermore n-p junction diodes were fabricated for the first time in β-SiC via N implantation into samples previously in situ doped with 8 × 1018/cm3 Al coupled with rapid thermal annealing at 1200°C for 300 a. A typical diode ideality constant and a saturation current for these diodes was 3.4 and 9 × 10-10 A/cm2, respectively.
Building and testing organized architectures of carbon nanotubes

This paper will focus on the directed assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on various substrates into highly organized structures that include vertically and horizontally oriented arrays, ordered fibers and porous membranes. The concept of growing such architectures is based on growth selectivity on certain surfaces compared to others. Selective placement of ordered nanotube arrays is achieved on patterned templates prepared by lithography or oxide templates with well-defined pores. The growth of nanotubes is achieved by chemical vapor deposition using hydrocarbon precursors and vapor phase catalyst delivery. The new technique developed in our laboratory allows enormous flexibility in building a large number of complex structures based on nanotube building units. This paper will provide an insight into the creation process of the longest (single walled) nanotube strands. We will also discuss some of our recent efforts in creating nanotube circuits selectively and controllably and on the spatially resolved electronic properties of nanotubes.
A Model of the Structural Organization of Rubella Virions

Rubella virus contains three major structural polypeptides designated E1, E2, and C with molecular weights of 62,000, 47,000-54,000 (a complex), and 38,000, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reduced conditions. Limited-digest peptide maps confirm that each of these polypeptides is distinct and the E2 is a series of three closely related glycopolypeptides. Both E1 and E2 are glycosylated and covalently incorporate [3H]palmitic acid. Enzymatic digestion of intact virus with trypsin completely degrades both E1 and E2, while the C polypeptide remains intact. E1 has an isoelectric point of pH 6.5. E2 exhibits at least 15 different isoelectric species, which focus over the pH range of 5.0-8.6, and C has two distinct isoelectric species of pH 8.8 and pH 9.5. Under unreduced conditions, E1 exists as a disulfide-bonded dimer (E1-E1) with a molecular weight of 105,000; a disulfide-bounded heterodimer (E1-E2) with a molecular weight of 95,000; and in monomeric form (E1). E2 is found predominantly in heterodimeric form (E1-E2), and C is found only in dimeric form when unreduced. Functional-inhibition studies with selected monoclonal antibodies show at least three distinct antigenic domains on E1 that include sites involved in hemagglutination and lysis of red blood cells.
Prevalence of the fsr Locus in Enterococcus faecalis Infections

The fsr locus of Enterococcus faecalis confers virulence in animal models. A retrospective analysis of fsr prevalence in diverse E. faecalis clinical isolates demonstrated fsr in all endocarditis isolates versus 53% of stool isolates (P = 0.005). This supports a role for fsr-mediated virulence in the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections in humans.
Comparison of excretory phase, helical computed tomography with intravenous urography in patients with painless haematuria.

Abstract AIM: To compare excretory phase, helical computed tomography (CT) with intravenous (IV) urography for evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with painless haematuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one out-patients had IV urography followed by helical CT limited to the urinary tract. Both IV urograms and CT images were evaluated for abnormalities of the urinary tract in a blinded, prospective manner. The clinical significance of abnormalities was scored subjectively and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed. RESULTS: In 69 of 91 patients (76%), no cause of haematuria was identified. In 22 of 91 patients (24%), the cause of haematuria was identified as follows: transitional cell cancer of the bladder ( n =15), urinary tract stones ( n =3), cystitis ( n =2), haemorrhagic pyelitis ( n =1) and benign ureteral stricture ( n =1). With IV urography, there were 15 true-positive, seven false-negative and three false-positive interpretations. With CT, there were 18 true-positive, four false-negative and two false-positive interpretations. There was no significant difference between IV and CT urography for the significance of the positive interpretations ( n =0.47). CONCLUSION: Excretory phase CT urography was comparable with IV urography for evaluation of the urinary tract in patients with painless haematuria. However, the study population did not include any upper tract cancers. O'Malley M. E. et al. (2003). Clinical Radiology 58 , 294–300.
Hysteretic magnetic forces calculation for type-II superconductors

A complete hysteretic-force loop has been calculated for type-II superconductors. It is shown that, with a known applied field profile, the complete force loop can be calculated by use of C.P. Bean's (1964) critical state model. A precise prediction of type-Il superconductor behavior in a magnetic field can be made. The sample size, induced critical current density, magnetic history, applied field strength, and gradient effects on levitation force are also considered. Inverse levitation was found to be a natural consequence of flux-trapping in the context of Bean's model. The design rules for magnetic bearings are discussed. >
Quantifying the Trade-off Between the Level of Connectivity and Local Complexity in Random Wireless Network Topologies

We analyze large, random network topologies that arise in ad hoc or sensor networks. A fundamental requirement of communication in these systems is reachability, that is, to have a connected network topology. It is known, however, that the price for full connectivity is very high, as it requires unbounded local complexity, i.e., it forces the nodes to have infinitely growing degrees to achieve asymptotic connectivity. This means a lack of scalability, which is known to hold for a quite general class of random network topology models. Therefore, an important step in analyzing the performance of such networks is to explore the trade-off between the fraction of nodes that still belong to a connected component vs. a bound imposed on the node degrees. We investigate this issue in a model that is more general than previously investigated random wireless network topology models. In our general model we derive an asymptotically optimal trade-off between node degrees and the fraction of nodes that form a connected component.
A reliability comparison of submentovertex and zonographic methods of horizontal condylar angle estimation

Abstract Objective. The objectives of this retrospective clinical study were, first, to compare submentovertex radiography and zonographic temporomandibular joint orientation programs that use the Scanora imaging system with respect to the reproducibility with which the angulation of the horizontal condylar axis may be determined and, second, to assess the level of agreement between the 2 methods. Study design. Submentovertex radiographs and zonographic projections of 16 joints (8 patients) were evaluated. Two raters independently determined the horizontal angulation of each condyle 3 times using each method. Horizontal condylar angle measurements differing by no more than 5 degrees were considered to be in agreement. Statistical analyses were performed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance, sign tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results. No significant difference was found in the 3 measurements between the 2 raters ( P = .9122) or between the raters adjusted for method ( P = .5093). A significant difference was found between methods ( P = .0001). Intrarater agreement values were 81% and 88% for the submentovertex method and 75% for each rater for the zonographic method. Interrater agreement was 94% for each method. Intermethod agreement was 50% for one rater and 81% for the other. Conclusions. The submentovertex and zonographic methods of determining the horizontal condylar angulation demonstrated consistency and reliability both within and between the raters. However, the zonographic method did not agree with the submentovertex method. This finding does not imply that the zonographic method is not a clinically acceptable technique for the determination of the horizontal condylar angulation when subsequent tomographic projections are made on the same unit with the same head-positioning device.
Sol–gel synthesis of fine-particle superconducting oxide, YBa2Cu3O7−x

A sol-gel method of preparing fine-particle superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7−x was developed. Single-phase superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3O7−x formed at temperatures as low as 750°. The particle size obtained by this method was found to be ≤0.2μm. Pellets sintered from these sol-gel powders exhibited very sharp resistivity drops at Tc = 90 °C with a Δc of ∼3°K.
PAIR BOND MAINTENANCE IN PILEATED WOODPECKERS AT ROOST SITES DURING AUTUMN

Individuals in a number of bird species have the opportunity to maintain contact with their mates during nonbreeding periods. This contact may be important to synchronize the partners' reproductive cycles before breeding begins. As a first step toward exploring the function of pair bond maintenance in nonbreeding birds, I studied the behavior of three pairs of Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) and an unpaired male at roost sites during autumn. At dawn and dusk, paired individuals exchanged visual, vocal, and other acoustical signals identical to those given during the breeding season. Demonstration tapping away from a nest is reported here for the first time. The possible function of these behaviors may be related to monitoring the partner's condition and investing in the pair bond to enhance future reproductive success.
The origin of aegirine in iron formation of the Cuyuna Range, east-central Minnesota

Aegirine occurs in manganese-rich parts of the Trommald Formation on the Culuna iron range of east-central Minnesota. Texturil attributes imply thit the aegirine is pre-, syn-, and postdepositional in hge. Thus its paragenesis spans the depositional and possibly the deformational history of thi host rock. Th-e aegirine ranges ftom 84 to 95Vo NaFeSi2O6; no relationship was found between textural attributes and iomposition. The presence of aegirine an{ its textures require that Na-rich fluids were an inte$al paxt of the formation of the manganese-rich parts of the iron formatioh throughout their development. These features set the Trommald Formation apart from other Early Proterozoic iron formationrl of l,ake Superior type in the region.
Standards for Clinical Research: Keeping Pace With the Technology of the Future.

Approximately 70 years ago, the concept of randomization of individual participants in clinical trials was first introduced, along with informed consent, the ethics of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), and blinding of treatment assignment.1 A decade later Kaplan and Meier described a mathematical approach to estimating event-free survival at any time T , allowing comparison of the response to treatments over time.2 Building on this strong foundation, clinical investigators began performing a rich array of RCTs that attempted to answer the question of whether a medical intervention was effective, under the ideal circumstances of a circumscribed population and defined treatment protocol (Figure). Blinded RCTs are useful for evaluating investigational products and are central to the development pathway of new medical products. The efficacy and safety data generated in an RCT provide regulatory authorities with the information they need to judge whether a product can be approved for use in clinical practice. Figure. Interface of the continuum of clinical research and research standards. On the left is shown the spectrum of trials where research subjects are randomized to medical interventions and followed prospectively. These range from those conducted under ideal circumstances to those conducted under usual conditions of clinical care. A mapping tool is shown where investigators use a Likert scale to score a trial design along nine domains as to whether it is predominantly explanatory (score=1) or pragmatic (score=5). The typical purpose of the trial type and the ethics and focus of research standards are shown at the bottom left. The core principles of human investigation apply across the spectrum, but the focus of the research standards varies. Big Data analyses incorporate inputs (not shown) of previously acquired data into a predictive analytic system and generate recommendations for more precise care of individuals and populations. Depending on the type of …
On basal slip and basal twinning in sapphire (α-Al2O3)—III. HRTEM of the twin/matrix interface

Abstract A high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation of basal twins in sapphire (α-Al 2 O 3 ) indicates that they are either Type-II or Type-I “glide” twins with a shear of 1/3 [101¯0〉 (the latter type twin is also equivalent to a Type-II screw twin with reverse shear, 1/3 [1¯010〉). These two types cannot be distinguished with the resolution of the HRTEM used in the present study. However, a Type-II twin is consistent with the model of basal twinning presented in the second paper of this series, with an AC′BA′CB′/a′bc′ab′c stacking sequence for the Al O Al layers along a direction perpendicular to the twin/matrix interface, and pair potential calculations suggest that Type-II interfaces have the lowest energy of all possible twin interfaces in sapphire. An overlap of the twin/matrix leads to Moire´-like contrast features. This can also be explained with the proposed twinning mechanism.
Four-coordinate cobalt pincer complexes: electronic structure studies and ligand modification by homolytic and heterolytic pathways.

A family of cobalt chloride, methyl, acetylide and hydride complexes bearing both intact and modified tert-butyl substituted bis(phosphino)pyridine pincer ligands has been synthesized and structurally characterized and their electronic structures evaluated. Treatment of the unmodified compounds with the stable nitroxyl radical, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxidanyl) resulted in immediate H- atom abstraction from the benzylic position of the chelate yielding the corresponding modified pincer complexes, (tBumPNP)CoX (X = H, CH3, Cl, CCPh). Thermolysis of the methyl and hydride derivatives, (tBuPNP)CoCH3 and (tBuPNP)CoH, at 110 °C also resulted in pincer modification by H atom loss while the chloride and acetylide derivatives proved inert. The relative ordering of benzylic C–H bond strengths was corroborated by H atom exchange experiments between appropriate intact and modified pincer complexes. The electronic structures of the modified compounds, (tBumPNP)CoX were established by EPR spectroscopy ...
Sustainable Development Through Service Learning: A Pedagogical Framework and Case Example in a Third World Context

Because of changes in awareness, student values, and social responsibility, universities have an increasing interest in developing meaningful courses on sustainable community development and social...
Bayesian Ascent: A Data-Driven Optimization Scheme for Real-Time Control With Application to Wind Farm Power Maximization

This paper describes a data-driven approach for real-time control of a physical system. Specifically, this paper focuses on the cooperative wind farm control where the objective is to maximize the total wind farm power production by using control actions as an input and measured power as an output. For real time, data-driven wind farm control, it is imperative that the optimization algorithm is able to improve a target wind farm power production by executing as small number of trial actions as possible using the wind farm power monitoring data. To achieve this goal, we develop a Bayesian ascent (BA) algorithm by incorporating into the Bayesian optimization framework a strategy that regulates the search domain, as used in the trust region method. The BA algorithm is composed of two iterative phases, namely, learning and optimization phases. In the learning phase, the BA algorithm approximates the target function using Gaussian process regression to fit the measured input and output of the target system. In the optimization phase, the BA algorithm determines the next sampling point to learn more about the target function (exploration) as well as to improve the target value (exploitation). Specifically, the sampling strategy is designed to ensure that the input is selected within a trust region to improve the target value monotonically by gradually changing the input for a target system. The results from simulation studies using an analytical wind farm power function and experimental studies using scaled wind turbines show that the BA algorithm can achieve an almost monotonic increase in the target value.
Lightweight measurement and estimation of mobile ad energy consumption

Mobile ads are an important component of the app ecosystem. Typically, developers use ads to generate revenue and, in return, end users get a "free" app. However, recent work has shown that apps with ads actually have significant hidden costs to end users in terms of energy, network usage, and performance. These can affect the ratings and reviews an app receives. Therefore, it is desirable for developers to balance the usage of ads with these potential negative costs. However, for energy, developers lack techniques to help them measure ad costs to their apps. To address this problem, we propose and evaluate several lightweight statistical approaches for measuring and predicting ad related energy consumption. We evaluate our approaches on real-world market apps and find that they are able to accurately and quickly estimate the energy cost without requiring expensive infrastructure or extensive developer effort.
1,2,3-Triazoles as Amide Bioisosteres: Discovery of a New Class of Potent HIV-1 Vif Antagonists

RN-18 based viral infectivity factor (Vif), Vif antagonists reduce viral infectivity by rescuing APOBEC3G (A3G) expression and enhancing A3G-dependent Vif degradation. Replacement of amide functionality in RN-18 (IC50 = 6 μM) by isosteric heterocycles resulted in the discovery of a 1,2,3-trizole, 1d (IC50 = 1.2 μM). We identified several potent HIV-1 inhibitors from a 1d based library including 5ax (IC50 = 0.01 μM), 5bx (0.2 μM), 2ey (0.4 μM), 5ey (0.6 μM), and 6bx (0.2 μM).
Reason, Truth, and Evolution

One of the central paradoxes of naturalism is what to make of the ideas of reason and truth within an evolutionary perspective. On the one hand, the impulse toward a “universal Darwinism” make it irresistible to find an evolutionary account of reason, in which reason is merely a biological tool by which we pursue our goals of survival and reproduction. On the other hand, reason and truth would seem to operate as presuppositions of the very naturalist project; for there to be science at all, there must be a prior notion of truth and of our rational capacity to achieve it. In this chapter, we see a number of attempts to come to terms with this dilemma, concluding that even the naturalist needs a robust, objective notion of truth as a fundamental value.
Goethe, Begegnungen und Gespräche, Ernst Grumach and Renate Grumach, Vol. 1 (1749–1776)

(1966). Goethe, Begegnungen und Gesprache, Ernst Grumach and Renate Grumach, Vol. 1 (1749–1776) The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 141-143.
Polarization Effects in Hadronic Interactions: A Review of Recent Results

Although the latest results in hadronic spin-dependent experiments have not been surprising, they will help prepare for new, higher energy polarized beam facilities. In the case of nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering, there are new data for both A and AXX. We review the trends in the data which suggest future experiments. There are also new results for meson-nucleon elastic analyzing powers, most of which confirm older data with higher accuracy. A polarized target has been used to collect data to improve partial wave analyses for diffractive 3π production and other processes. Inclusive data for several reactions, including hyperon production, also suggest new experiments.
Irradiation of anatomically defined pelvic subsites and acute hematologic toxicity in anal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation

Abstract Purpose Chemoradiation for the treatment of anal cancer is known to cause significant hematologic toxicity (HT). We sought to investigate if radiation dose to specific pelvic subsites is associated with increased HT risk. Methods and materials Forty-five patients with nonmetastatic anal cancer who received definitive chemoradiation with intensity modulated radiation therapy and concurrent mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil were studied. Total pelvic bone marrow (TBM) was divided into 3 subsites: lumbosacral bone marrow (LSBM), including the entire sacrum and L5 vertebral body; iliac bone marrow (IBM) extending from the iliac crests to the superior border of the femoral head; and lower pelvic bone marrow, including the pubic bones, ischia, acetabula, and proximal femurs. The primary endpoint was absolute neutrophil count (ANC) nadir during or within 2 weeks of treatment completion. Generalized linear modeling was used to analyze the correlation between the equivalent uniform dose (with an "a" value of 0.5) to the individual pelvic subsites and the various hematologic endpoints. Age, body mass index, sex, baseline blood counts, and immunosuppression were analyzed as potential covariates. Results Mean ± standard deviation ANC nadir was 0.77 × 10 9 /L (±0.66 × 10 9 /L). Grades 3+ and 4+ neutropenia occurred in 71.1% and 44.4% of patients, respectively. In addition to radiation dose to pelvic bone marrow, baseline ANC was the only significant predictor of hematologic toxicity on multivariable analysis and was included in all models. The equivalent uniform doses of TBM, LSBM, and IBM were each significantly associated with neutropenia. The model performance of TBM (adjusted R 2 = 0.226) was similar to both LSBM (adjusted R 2 = 0.206) and IBM (adjusted R 2 = 0.249). Conclusions Radiation doses to TBM, LSBM, and IBM were individually associated with HT, suggesting that sparing just a portion of pelvic bone marrow is insufficient to decrease rates of clinically significant bone marrow suppression.