cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Intention and Pantomime Gesture Treatment for Noun Retrieval in People With Aphasia

Intention and pantomime gesture treatments for noun retrieval secondary to aphasia have not been compared. In a single-participant design, we investigated the effects of training on verbal and gestural productions following both gesture treatments in four individuals with aphasia. P1 improved verbal productions post intention treatment for trained words only. P2 and P3 improved usage of pantomime gestures to communicate in lieu of verbal gains. P4 improved verbal productions post intention and usage of gestures post pantomime treatment. The most effective type of gesture treatment for remediation of noun retrieval depends on the nature of word retrieval deficit.
A new look at Venus' thermosphere H distribution

Abstract Pioneer Venus Orbiter measurements in the ionosphere, at low altitudes in 1978–1980 and from the entry phase of the mission in late 1992, are used to determine the neutral H concentrations, on an orbit by orbit basis, in the altitude region where H + is in chemical equilibrium. The chemical equilibrium region is selected based on the characteristic chemical and diffusion times for each measurement. This results in a dataset of H concentrations at Venus from in situ measurements covering all local times and diverse solar activity conditions. A comparison of H with He measurements shows parallel local time behavior. The H concentrations in the bulge region may have a slight inverse correlation with F10.7, whereas the He bulge data (from ONMS) near 175 km do not.
Effect of proanthocyanidins and photo-initiators on photo-polymerization of a dental adhesive.

Objectives To evaluate the effects of proanthocyanidins (PA) and photoinitiator type on the degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization rate (PR) of a model dental adhesive.
THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DISLOCATIONS OF THE GLENOHUMERAL JOINT AND ASSOCIATED ARTICULAR SURFACE DEFECTS

The diagnosis and management of locked dislocations of the glenohumeral joint remain a challenge for the treating physician. This article addresses challenges, evaluation and preoperative workup guidelines, and treatment strategies of chronic anterior and posterior dislocations of the glenohumeral joint and associated articular surface defects.
Efficient modeling of dominant transform components representing time-varying signals

The mixed transform representation of time-varying signals uses partial sets of basis functions from the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the Walsh-Hadamard transform. The location, magnitude, and phase of the transform components have to be specified for proper signal reconstruction. A least-squares IIR (infinite impulse response) algorithm, in the transformed domains, which fits each of the retained subsets of the complex transform components accurately, is presented. The IIR function, while characterized by real coefficients about twice the number of the retained complex transform components, carries enough location, magnitude, and phase information for accurate signal reconstruction. To illustrate the technique's accuracy and efficiency, its application to model the DFT part of a voice speech segment is given. >
France's New Deal: From the Thirties to the Postwar Era

Philip Nord, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2010, 474 pp, US$42.00, 978 06911 42975 Philip Nord's important new study challenges both historical narratives of the post-war moment and th...
A single mutation in poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase confers resistance to mutagenic nucleotide analogs via increased fidelity

Ribavirin is a nucleotide analog that can be incorporated by viral polymerases, causing mutations by allowing base mismatches. It is currently used therapeutically as an antiviral drug during hepatitis C virus infections. During the amplification of poliovirus genomic RNA or hepatitis C replicons, error frequency is known to increase upon ribavirin treatment. This observation has led to the hypothesis that ribavirin's antiviral activity results from error catastrophe caused by increased mutagenesis of viral genomes. Here, we describe the generation of ribavirin-resistant poliovirus by serial viral passage in the presence of increasing concentrations of the drug. Ribavirin resistance can be caused by a single amino acid change, G64S, in the viral polymerase in an unresolved portion of the fingers domain. Compared with wild-type virus, ribavirin-resistant poliovirus displays increased fidelity of RNA synthesis in the absence of ribavirin and increased survival both in the presence of ribavirin and another mutagen, 5-azacytidine. Ribavirin-resistant poliovirus represents an unusual class of viral drug resistance: resistance to a mutagen through increased fidelity.
Investors' Use of Analysts' Recommendations

This study examines the factors influencing the decisions of investors who use analysts' recommendations to arrive at a short‐term decision to hold or to sell a stock. Specifically we examine if the presence of analysts' recommendations reduces the tendency for investors to commit the disposition error, i.e., sell winning stocks too soon and hold losing stocks too long. We also examine whether the strength of supporting arguments to the analysts' recommendations affects investor decisions. Our results indicate that the presence of an analyst summary recommendation report reduces the disposition error for gains but not for losses. A strong form of the analyst summary recommendation report, i.e., one with additional information supporting the analysts' position further, reduces the disposition error for gains and also reduces the disposition error for losses.
Basic design of a Josephson technology cache memory

Design work on components for Josephson computer technology nondestructive read out cache memories has been published previously. In this paper, presenting a design for a 2.5-µm technology, 4 × 1K-bit cache chip with a nominal access time of about 500 ps as a basis, we show for the first time how these components are structured and interfaced. The cell, drivers, decoder, and a sense bus are based on designs which were experimentally verified in a 5-µm technology for which excellent agreement was found between computer simulations and measurements.
Synthesis and origins of the methylpropanoporphyrins from Serpiano Oil Shale

Abstract A new synthesis of the methylpropanoporphyrins from Serpiano Oil Shale using the tripyrrene-a,c-biladiene approach is reported; a plausible pathway for the geochemical genesis of these unusual petroporphyrins is presented.
Optical characterization of dense tissues using low-coherence interferometry

Reflectometers based on low-coherence interferometry are potentially useful tools for probing superficial biological structures. In this paper, we present results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the variables that affect the backscattered signals measured by low-coherence reflectometers from dense tissues. Using a single-backscatter model of a turbid biological sample, we examine the effects of the focal spot size and collection angle on the heterodyne efficiency for light backscattered over a range of sampling depths. Coherence losses resulting from multiple scattering are studied using a simple analytical model augmented by numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the single-backscatter model, which has been applied previously in atmospheric lidar and ultrasound studies, provides a good description of the relationship between the shape of the reflectance-vs-depth profiles and the optical properties of a turbid sample under certain conditions. Model predictions were tested by measuring reflectance profiles from dense suspensions of particles using a low-coherence reflectometer built in our laboratory and a commercially available fiber-optic reflectometer. Results of these measurements are compared with others obtained in vivo from human skin. To demonstrate that small structures located at depths of several hundred microns can be probed without contacting a biological specimen, we show an image of bone specimen obtained with the laboratory reflectometer.
Potential problems associated with the controlled release of anthelmintics in grazing animals

A high, constant and sustained release of drug appears to be a major requirement to avoid a late season rise in pasture infectivity that may result in production losses in calves in autumn or Type II osteragiasis in the following spring. The timing of administration is of crucial importance and will vary in regions of different epidemiology, such as between northern and southern United States. Lack of a standard and reliable technique for pasture larval counts has resulted in some negative or erratic results which are open to question. Although controlled release anthelmintics offer advantages of convenience, a comparison of the economic benefits at present favours prophylactic treatment of dairy heifers with conventional anthelmintics 3 and 6 weeks after spring turnout in northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere. There is a serious risk that boluses based on controlled release by diffusion will behave like slow decaying insecticides and select strongly for drug resistance, especially if farmers administer them in succession throughout the grazing season. There are, however, 2 features in the design of a controlled release device that in theory may minimize the risk of rapid selection for resistance: a high and constant release of anthelmintic followed by a rapid decline to zero as the device becomes exhausted. Under these conditions, the device may even prolong the useful life of an anthelmintic to which resistance has already developed. This paper was presented at Pfizer Symposium on The Application of Sustained Release Anthelmintic Dosage Forms in the Control of Parasites in Grazing Animals at the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) 10th International Conference, 18-20 August 1983, Perth, W.A., Australia.
Laser induced energy-transfer studies in polyatomic mixtures: CH3F−CH3Cl

Abstract The rate of vibration energy transfer from CH 3 F excited to the v 3 = 1 C—F stretching vibration to CH 3 Cl has been measured by monitoring the rate of rise time of the CH 3 Cl v 3 C-Cl stretch at 732 cm −1 subsequent to laser pumping of the CH 3 F. The V–V crossover rate was determined to be 35 ± 5 msec −1 torr −1 in mixtures of CH 3 F-CH 3 Cl and 48 ± 9 msec −1 torr −1 in mixtures of CH 3 F-CH 3 Cl and 40 torr of argon. The measured rate is interpreted in terms of the near resonant process and is well in line with several predited and measured near resonant V–V crossovers between unlike collision partners. The possibility of obtaining an optically pumped three level infrared laser in CH 3 Cl at 13.7 μ (corresponding to the v 3 , ground state transition) is also discussed.
Flow transformations in sediment gravity flows

Sediment gravity flows (subaerial or subaqueous) are those in which movement is driven by gravity and the sediment motion moves the interstitial fluid (gas or liquid). Such flows exhibit flow transformations , a term introduced here, referring to changes between laminar and turbulent flow, in turn related chiefly to particle concentration, thickness of the flow, and flow velocity (slope).
A system of defined (Sensu stricto) media for daphnid (Cladocera) culture

Abstract MS is a set of defined media. It is comprised of inorganics, plus crystalline vitamin B 12 and, usually, a glycylglycine buffer, which are dissolved in distilled-deionized water. Algal and animal media differ only in that algal media contain more phosphate, nitrate and silicate. MS supports the culture of a variety of daphnids. In particular long term (50 + generations), healthy (300 + progeny per mother in 15 + regularly-spaced broods), cultures of Daphnia pulex (de Geer) and D. magna (Straus) have been maintained. Undefined organics (fish chow, yeast, liver extracts, complex vitamin or protein mixtures) and the uncertain array of inorganic contaminants which they carry are avoided by controlling two trophic levels. Because it can be precisely reproduced in any reasonably equipped laboratory, MS holds promise as a basis for genuinely repeatable daphnid chronic bioassay yielding reproducible results.
Quality assessment of confocal microscopy slide based systems: Performance†

Background: All fluorescence slide-based cytometry detections systems basically include the following components: (1) an excitation light source, (2) intermediate optics, and (3) a detection device consisting of a CCD camera or a PMT. The optical principles employed is slide-based systems are similar to those of confocal microscopes (CLSM). Methods: The following tests evaluated confocal equipment performance: dichroic reflectivity, field illumination, lens performance, laser power output, spectral registration, axial resolution, PMT reliability, and system noise. Results: Quality assurance tests provide a basis to determine if the equipment is operating correctly. Laser power, PMTs function, dichroic reflection, spectral registration, axial registration, system noise and sensitivity, lens performance and laser stability were tested colocalization of UV and visible peaks of a bead should be less than 210 nm. Interference contrast optics decrease fluorescence resolution. Conclusions: QA tests that assess CLSM system performance are also applicable to other slide-based systems. By utilization this type of testing approach, the subjective nature of assessing the CLSM may be eliminated. These tests serve as guidelines for other investigators to ensure that their machines are providing data that is accurate with the necessary resolution, sensitivity and precision. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The value of the rational world and narrative papradigms

This essay first describes the indictment of the “rational world paradigm” upon which the narrative paradigm is built and then systematically tests that indictment as well as the benefits that have been claimed for the narrative perspective. The analysis suggests that there is a useful argumentative tradition, best represented by the informal logic movement, which avoids the dangers identified by proponents of narrative. At the same time the narrative paradigm largely fails to fulfill its aims.
The nephrotic syndrome as a complication of gold therapy.

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed a reversible nephrotic syndrome secondary to gold therapy. A review of the world literature revealed 18 other case reports of the nephrotic syndrome apparently associated with the administration of gold salts. Renal tissue was available for study in only 8 of these; membranous glomeruionephritis was the predominant lesion. This rare complication of gold therapy appears to have a good prognosis. Two thirds of the patients have recovered from the nephrotic syndrome.
Activity of Cyromazine on Onion Maggot Larvae (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in the Soil

A laboratory bioassay technique with soil was developed to investigate the toxicity and activity of the insect growth regulator, cyromazine, to onion maggot larvae, Delia antique (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). LC50’s (ppm in soil) for chlorpyrifos, fonofos, and cyromazine were 8.4, 9.4, and 17.5, respectively. Significant mortality due to cyromazine treatment was observed at the time of molt between first and second instar (72 h). Surviving larvae in soil treated with cyromazine developed more slowly than larvae in untreated soil. At 144 h, > 90% mortality occurred in the cyromazine treated soil compared with <10% in untreated soil. Because it has a different mode of action than the currently registered insecticides, cyromazine may have potential as a management tool for resistant populations, or in a resistance management program. Cyromazine may also be effective in controlling other soil insects.
Memories of Difference: From Lur to Anthropologist

I repeatedly accompanied my anthropologist parents and older sister to Deh Koh, a mud village in Iran, in the time of the shah as well as in postrevolutionary times. The sites where I grew up thus shifted between the German-speaking Austria of my grandparents and of my own earliest years, the Luri-speaking village of my parents' anthropological field work-where the unreflected purpose in life for my sister and me was to be Lurs-and the United States, where I and my family now reside. Having disconcertingly come to the recognition in my teens that I was more "other" than the Lur I had considered myself to be as a small child as well as neither Austrian nor American but a bit of "other" everywhere, I now regard myself as trilingual and believe that this "not belonging anywhere" may even be the source of security that enabled me to make the decision not to belong to one discipline exclusively but, rather, to become a biprofessional in medicine and anthropology.
What Is the Difference between a Parabola and a Hyperbola

The parabola is given by the equation $$ Y^2 = X; $$ we can parametrize it by $$ X = t^2 and Y = t. $$ .
Photoperiodism: An Effect of Darkness during the Light Period on Critical Night Length

The critical night length of the short-day plant Lemna perpusilla, grown with sucrose, increases roughly 3 hours under cycles with "light periods" composed of darkness preceded and ended by brief exposures to light. Although plants so grown are white, the effect is due neither to the absence of photosynthesis nor to insufficient total energy. It is inconsistent with current ideas on photoperiodic timing but may be explained by a hypothesis based on reported properties of phytochrome.
Characterization and modeling of aperiodic pressure oscillations in combustion chambers

Classification of the long-term dynamical behavior of pressure oscillations in a laboratory combustion chamber has been performed using methods of modern dynamical systems theory. The method involves the construction of a phase-space representation from a single pressure record or time series using the time-delay embedding method. The pointwise correlation dimension of the resulting attractor in phase-space provides a lower bound on the number of modes that participate in the oscillations. The results show that the oscillations are quasiperiodic with a dimension near two over an order of magnitude of amplitudes. Quasiperiodicity is a result of the incommensurate frequencies of the system acoustic modes. A model for the dynamics is constructed by converting the governing equations to a kicked-oscillator model. When compared with the experimental data, the model results have similar pressure and velocity spectra and the attractor dimension verifies that quasiperiodic oscillations are present.
A role for Pet100p in the assembly of yeast cytochrome c oxidase: interaction with a subassembly that accumulates in a pet100 mutant.

The biogenesis of multimeric protein complexes of the inner mitochondrial membrane in yeast requires a number of nuclear-coded ancillary proteins. One of these, Pet100p, is required for cytochrome c oxidase. Previous studies have shown that Pet100p is not required for the synthesis, processing, or targeting of cytochrome c oxidase subunits to the mitochondrion nor for heme A biosynthesis. Here, we report that Pet100p does not affect the localization of cytochrome c oxidase subunit polypeptides to the inner mitochondrial membrane but instead functions after they have arrived at the inner membrane. We have also localized Pet100p to the inner mitochondrial membrane in wild type cells, where it is present in a subassembly (Complex A) with cytochrome c oxidase subunits VII, VIIa, and VIII. Pet100p does not interact with the same subunits after they have been assembled into the holoenzyme. In addition, we have identified two subassemblies that are present in pet100 null mutant cells: one subassembly (Complex A′) is composed of subunits VII, VIIa, and VIII but not Pet100p, and another subassembly (Complex B) is composed of subunits Va and VI. Because pet100 null mutant cells lack assembled cytochrome c oxidase but accumulate Complexes A′ and B it appears likely that these subassemblies of cytochrome c oxidase subunits are intermediates along an assembly pathway for holocytochrome c oxidase and that Pet100p functions in this pathway to facilitate the interaction(s) between Complex A′ and other cytochrome c oxidase subassemblies and subunits.
Error Bounds for the Liouville-Green Approximation to Initial-Value Problems

New error bounds are developed for the Liouville-Green approximation for initial-value problems governed by a single second-order linear differential equation. The cases of both exponential-type and also oscillatory solutions are considered. Previous error bounds are sharpened as a consequence of our development of these new error bounds for initial-value problems. These new results are applied to an important class of linear differential equations arising in military operations research (specifically, variable-coefficient Lanchester-type equations of modern warfare for combat between two homogeneous forces). Fur die Liouville-Green-Naherung von Anfangswertproblemen, die nur durch eine lineare Differentialgleichung zweiter Ordnung bestimmt ist, wurden neue Fehlertoleranzen entwickelt. Ebenso werden sowohl exponentialartige als auch oszillatorische Losungen dargelegt. Als Folge unserer neuen Entwicklung dieser Fehlertoleranzen fur Probleme mit Anfangsbedingungen sind bisherige Toleranzen naher prazisiert. Diese neuen Ergebnisse werden in wichtigen Anwendungsbereichen fur lineare Differentialgleichungen benutzt, wie sie etwa im militarischen Operations Research (insbesondere bei Gleichungen mit veranderlichen Koeffizienten der Lanchester-Theorie moderner militarischer Duelle zweier homogener Gegner) auftreten.
TECHSCORE: A program for tabulating the results of multiple choice questions and correcting multiple choice examinations

TECHSCORE is a computer program which tabulates the responses to multiple choice questions, calculates the percentage of each response and displays this information in tabular form. The program also provides a means for correcting and grading multiple choice examinations. We have used this program successfully in our department for tabulating the results of supervisor evaluations and also for correcting student examinations. This program is useful for those situations in which the use of main frame data processing equipment would not be deemed cost effective.
Serum prealbumin is higher in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis: A meta-analysis

Serum prealbumin is higher in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis: A meta-analysis. Background Although not widely appreciated, the reported concentration of serum preabumin, like that of serum cholesterol, tends to be higher in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) than on hemodialysis (HD), despite the substantial loss of protein during PD. Methods The mean difference in serum prealbumin was quantified by meta-analysis of the mean differences found in six cohorts with both PD and HD patients (set 1; N = 639) using a fixed-effects model, and meta-analysis of the mean prealbumin values reported in 23 cohorts of unselected dialysis patients on a single modality (set 2; 9 PD cohorts, 14 HD cohorts; N = 12,256) using a mixed model. For comparison, the mean difference in serum albumin concentration between PD and HD also was estimated in sets 1 and 2 using the same methods. Results In set 1, the mean prealbumin difference (PD-HD) in the individual cohorts ranged from 3.6 to 14.7 mg/dL ( P Conclusions Serum prealbumin level is approximately 6 mg/dL higher in PD than HD, perhaps due to the stimulation of hepatic synthesis by PD albumin loss, while serum albumin is approximately 0.3 g/dL lower in PD. Different reference ranges and clinical targets (such as, K/DOQI guidelines) are needed for PD and for HD.
Will computers dehumanize education? A grounded approach to values at risk

Abstract In this paper we examine the concern that computers will dehumanize education, one aspect of the general concern over possible threats to social and ethical values resulting from the computerization of schools. Concern over computerization of schools has become a battleground for ideological debates. Our paper does not enter this fray. Rather, we devise an alternative approach, called a grounded analysis, which addresses core concerns of practicing educators and administrators in their own terms. First we examine what people seem to mean when they worry that computers may dehumanize education. We identify four versions of this concern: that children may withdraw from people and society; that the teacher-student relationship may break down; that the teaching of important values may be jeopardized; and that education may become overly standardized. We systematically evaluate each of these concerns. Reaching no simple conclusion, we find that although dehumanization is not an inevitable consequence of using computers in education, it does pose some genuine risks serious enough to justify caution. Importantly, our analysis suggests that the actions of educators and policy makers may significantly raise or lower these risks.
Structural studies of two tetracyclines: 4-dedimethylaminotetracycline hydrate and 6-methylene-5-oxytetracycline hydrochloride

The crystal structures of two tetracycline derivatives, 4-dedimethylaminotetracycline hydrate and 6-methylene-5-oxytetracycline hydrochloride (methacycline·HCl), were determined using X-ray intensity data measured on a diffractometer. The first compound crystallizes with two chemical formula and one water molecule per asymmetric unit. The monoclinic crystal [a=7.174(5),b=12.029(9),c=21.117(15) A,β=93.16(6)°] shows the space groupP21. Crystals of methacycline hydrochloride are orthorhombic, space groupP212121,a=9.472(1),b=11.921(3),c=18.945(4)A, with one molecule in the asymmetric unit.
Impaired Osteoclast Formation in Bone Marrow Cultures of Fgf2 Null Mice in Response to Parathyroid Hormone

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are potent inducers of osteoclast (OCL) formation, and PTH increases FGF-2 mRNA and protein expression in osteoblasts. To elucidate the role of endogenous FGF-2 in PTH responses, we examined PTH-induced OCL formation in bone marrow cultures from wild type and mice with a disruption of the Fgf2 gene. FGF-2-induced OCL formation was similar in marrow culture from both genotypes. In contrast, PTH-stimulated OCL formation in bone marrow cultures or co-cultures of osteoblast-spleen cells from Fgf2-/mice was significantly impaired. PTH increased RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts cultures from both genotypes. After 6 days of treatment, osteoprotegerin protein in cell supernatants was 40-fold higher in vehicle-treated and 30-fold higher in PTH-treated co-cultures of osteoblast and spleen cells from Fgf2-/mice compared with Fgf2+/+ mice. However, a neutralizing antibody to osteoprotegerin did not rescue reduced OCL formation in response to PTH. Injection of PTH caused hypercalcemia in Fgf2+/+ but not Fgf2-/mice. We conclude that PTH stimulates OCL formation and bone resorption in mice in part by endogenous FGF-2 synthesis by osteoblasts. Because RANKL- and interleukin-11-induced OCL formation was also reduced in bone marrow cultures from Fgf2-/mice, we further conclude that endogenous FGF-2 is necessary for maximal OCL formation by multiple bone resorbing factors.
Structure of coupled and uncoupled cell junctions.

Cells of Chironomus salivary glands and Malpighian tubules have junctions of the "septate" kind. This is the only kind of junction discerned which is large enough to effect the existing degree of intercellular communication. The electron microscopic observations of the "septate" junction conform to a honeycomb structure, with 80-A-thick electron-opaque walls and 90-A-wide transparent cores, connecting the cellular surface membranes. A projection pattern of light and dark bands (the " septa ") with a 150-A periodicity results when the electron beam is directed normal to any set of honeycomb walls. Treatment of the salivary gland cells with media, which interrupt cellular communication (without noticeable alteration of cellular adhesion) by reducing junctional membrane permeability or perijunctional insulation, produces no alterations in the junctional structure discernible in electron micrographs of glutaraldehyde-fixed cell material.
Structural and Electronic Decoupling of C60from Epitaxial Graphene on SiC

We have investigated the initial stages of growth and the electronic structure of C60 molecules on graphene grown epitaxially on SiC(0001) at the single-molecule level using cryogenic ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We observe that the first layer of C60 molecules self-assembles into a well-ordered, close-packed arrangement on graphene upon molecular deposition at room temperature while exhibiting a subtle C60 superlattice. We measure a highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of ∼3.5 eV for the C60 molecules on graphene in submonolayer regime, indicating a significantly smaller amount of charge transfer from the graphene to C60 and substrate-induced screening as compared to C60 adsorbed on metallic substrates. Our results have important implications for the use of graphene for future device applications that require electronic decoupling between functional molecular adsorbates and substrates.
Interaction and reflection via 3D path shape qualities in a mediated constructive learning environment

The mixed-reality environment, or hybrid physical-digital space, is an emerging human-computer interaction paradigm with great potential to support constructive learning in everyday settings as a complement to traditional classroom methods. Key advantages over screen-based media and immersive (virtual-reality) environments include a) dynamic, multimodal feedback, which engages diverse learning styles through multiple modes of representation; b) affordance of unencumbered, full-body movement, which enables interactions to be physically embodied; and c) physical continuity with the classroom, which fosters informal collaborative and social interactions. For this potential to be realized, however, we must address significant challenges in interaction design. We must develop modes of interaction which are implicitly learnable, which afford full-body movement, and which are cognitively well adapted to large physical spaces. Furthermore, we must create a mechanism by which students can reflect on what they have "constructed" through interacting with the space, so that implicit learning can be leveraged in the interest of explicit understanding. To these ends, we have developed a novel interaction paradigm based around 3D path shape qualities: straight, curved, random, and stop, which describe motion of an illuminated object (glowball) guided by the participant through the space. We infer these qualities in real-time (online) and also offline using a robust Bayesian framework operating on a low-cost, non-intrusive video sensing apparatus. Online inference drives the interaction and offline segmentation the post-interaction display, our mechanism for reflection where segmentation results are mapped onto a physical trace of the participant.s motion. An informal study a) validates the implicit learnability of straight, curved, and stop mappings based on shape quality controls, and b) highlights the comparative advantage of the postinteraction display for all mappings, when subjects are asked to identify the actions responsible for specific target outcomes.
Beyond Dispensing: A Logistic Specification of Florida Pharmacists' Decision to Prescribe

There is concern that livestock operations for fattening cattle and raising hogs known as concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) release substances into the air that have negative effects on the health of persons living nearby. These substances include dust containing endotoxin and other microbial products as well as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and a variety of volatile organic compounds. Odors from these farms are considered offensive by some neighbors. A variety of medical complaints are reported to be more common in those people who live near CAFOs for raising hogs than in people without this exposure. Respiratory health effects, including symptoms of pulmonary disease and lung function test result abnormalities, have been described in workers employed in CAFOs where hogs are raised. Health effects after inhalation exposure of neighbors to substances released into the ambient air from these farms is less well characterized. It must be noted that CAFO workers may differ from neighbors in terms of ...
Predicting stimulant effectiveness in hyperactive children with a repeatable neuropsychological battery: A preliminary study

Abstract 1. 1. A double blind assessment of change on neuropsychological tests was used to determine whether psychostimulant medication would improve a particular hyperactive child's performance on tasks requiring attention and learning. 2. 2. Thirteen hyperactive children were tested on a repeatable battery of cognitive-perceptual-motor tasks under each of three conditions: low dose of dextroamphetamine sulfate; high dose; placebo. 3. 3. A ranking system was used to determine the comparative efficacy of doses in terms of overall performance on the battery. Results showed that d-amphetamine was more effective than placebo for 11 of the 13 children. 4. 4. The advantages of the assessment method for the physician, in terms of titrating doses quickly and in continuing to monitor dose effectiveness in long-term follow-up, were discussed.
The King in Parlement: The Problem of the Lit De Justice in Sixteenth-Century France

‘You ask me what a Lit de justice is? I will tell you!’ Thus exclaimed Louis-Adrien Le Paige, an eighteenth-century parlementaire who was excoriating the current spectacle of the king's appearance in person in the Grand-Chambre of the Parlement of Paris. Denied their ancient and customary rights of consultation and deliberation in important affairs of state, which in their view meant an active or participatory role in the legislative process, magistrates like Le Paige felt coerced in 1756 into the passive role of registering policies presented to them as faits accomplis. And thus also opens Professor Sarah Hanley's penetrating and revisionist study of this complex ceremony where monarch and magistrates met together in the legislative arena: the lit de justice. In a tour de force of painstaking scholarship Professor Hanley has convincingly proved that this ceremony, in which the king personally appeared in Parlement and sat on a specially decorated ‘seat of justice’, had evolved out of legend and myth. The lit de justice did not, as generations of parlementaires like Le Paige had claimed, emerge in the middle ages shortly after the creation of the court itself in the late thirteenth century. As Professor Hanley shows, the first such ceremony did not occur until much later, in the reign of Francis I in 1527. More importantly, she demonstrates that at its inception the lit de justice was not associated in any way with the adversarial scene depicted by Le Paige in 1756, with the king forcing his will on a recalcitrant court by making a personal appearance in the Grand-Chambre in order to force the registration of unpopular legislation.
Safety of AAV Factor IX Peripheral Transvenular Gene Delivery to Muscle in Hemophilia B Dogs

Muscle represents an attractive target tissue for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector–mediated gene transfer for hemophilia B (HB). Experience with direct intramuscular (i.m.) administration of AAV vectors in humans showed that the approach is safe but fails to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Here, we present a careful evaluation of the safety profile (vector, transgene, and administration procedure) of peripheral transvenular administration of AAV-canine factor IX (cFIX) vectors to the muscle of HB dogs. Vector administration resulted in sustained therapeutic levels of cFIX expression. Although all animals developed a robust antibody response to the AAV capsid, no T-cell responses to the capsid antigen were detected by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot). Interleukin (IL)-10 ELISpot screening of lymphocytes showed reactivity to cFIX-derived peptides, and restimulation of T cells in vitro in the presence of the identified cFIX epitopes resulted in the expansion of CD4+FoxP3+IL-10+ T-cells. Vector administration was not associated with systemic inflammation, and vector spread to nontarget tissues was minimal. At the local level, limited levels of cell infiltrates were detected when the vector was administered intravascularly. In summary, this study in a large animal model of HB demonstrates that therapeutic levels of gene transfer can be safely achieved using a novel route of intravascular gene transfer to muscle.
ROBUST M‐ESTIMATION OF THE INTRACLASS CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

Summary Robust M-estimators of intraclass correlation coefficient, location and scale parameters are defined for familial data. It is shown that these estimators are strongly consistent. Also the asymptotic distributions of these estimators are derived when the underlying distribution is elliptically and permutationally symmetric.
Child abuse by thermal injury—A retrospective survey

Summary A retrospective survey of all the suspected cases of child abuse by thermal injury admitted at Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, from January 1977 to December 1981 was made to study the incidence and the pattern of such injuries in this area. Thirty cases of child abuse were identified during this period, which is 2·0 per cent of the total admissions to the Paediatric Burns Unit. The data were further analysed and compared with other published series. A high degree of suspicion and increased awareness of the problem is necessary for diagnosis and management of such patients.
Coronary heart disease: Risk factors as guides to preventive action

Candidates for future development of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) can now be identified with a degree of probability unsurpassed for most other diseases, and equaled for few. This remarkable achievement has not come about fortuitously, but through the deliberate planning of long-term epidemiological studies. The ultimate purpose of defining risk in quantitative terms is the identification of susceptibles in the community, in order to institute ereventive measures. The predictability of coronary disease in middle age from simple risk factor measurements provides an invaluable scientific base for curbing the contemporary epidemic of this preeminent chronic disease. The eventual elimination of this epidemic demands, in addition to identification and care of susceptibles, changes in the mode of life in the national community at large (la.
Appraisal and response to pain may be a function of its bodily location

This study explored the hypothesis that appraisals of and responses to pain may in part be a function of where the pain is located. Results revealed that appraising pain as life-threatening, seeking help, disclosing pain to others and emotional distress in response to pain were contingent on the pain's bodily location. Significant ethnic differences in appraisal of pain, and significant gender differences in disclosure of and emotional response to pain also were found.
Hypertrophic and functional response to experimental chronic aortic regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation was induced by retrograde perforation of an aortic valve cusp under hemodynamic guidance in 12 New Zealand White rabbits. Regurgitant fraction was documented by electromagnetic flow probe and six sham-operated animals served as controls. Two-dimensional, M-mode and Doppler echocardiography was performed pre-operatively and serially post-operatively for 3 to 6 months. Animals with aortic regurgitation developed progressive left ventricular dilatation and eccentric hypertrophy. Left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole and left ventricular mass were increased from baseline values by 41 and 94% (P less than 0.001), respectively; fractional shortening was stable while end-systolic stress increased 50% (P less than 0.01. Thus, acutely induced aortic regurgitation in rabbits results in a chronic model which may be appropriate for stimulation of the hypertrophic response to aortic regurgitation in humans.
Success and Response Rate in Complex Decision Making.

Abstract Competing theoretical predictions by Schroder, Driver, and Streufert (1967) , by Streufert (1969) , and by a tentative extension of learning theory for success effects on the components of response rate in complex decision making were tested. Dyad decision-making teams participated in the Tactical and Negotiations Game, a complex experimental simulation technique. Twenty-two dyads were exposed to increasing proportions of success information to neutral information. Eleven control dyads received only neutral information. Since no time-order effects were found, the results could be interpreted as effects of success induction. Increasing success resulted in decreasing integrated decision making, increasing respondent and general unintegrated decision making, and a constant total response rate. Some of these findings were reversed, however, when teams received only success information (i.e., total rather than partial reinforcement). The data were interpreted via a combined effect of Streufert's (1969) modification of complexity theory and learning theory.
Terahertz parametric converters by use of novel metallic-dielectric hybrid waveguides

We show that metallic-dielectric hybrid waveguides (i.e., nonradiative dielectric waveguides) can host several phase-matched terahertz (THz) parametric processes such as forward difference-frequency generation, backward THz parametric oscillation, forward and backward THz parametric upconversion, and THz second-harmonic generation. These waveguides can be designed in such a way that the radiation losses can be completely eliminated. Such unique waveguides can also be used to phase match new configurations or to achieve significant enhancements of the strengths for parametric interactions by eliminating the diffraction of the THz waves as well as reducing the modal indices. In backward THz parametric oscillation, the threshold pump intensity scales down with the output wavelength more dramatically than that in the bulk crystal. However, the threshold pump powers are approximately the same within a wide wavelength range.
A new approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations for a multilevel converter

A method is presented to compute the switching angles in a multilevel converter so as to produce the required fundamental voltage while at the same time not generate higher order harmonics. Previous work has shown that the transcendental equations characterizing the harmonic content can be converted to polynomial equations which are then solved using the method of resultants from elimination theory. A difficulty with this approach is that when there are several DC sources, the degrees of the polynomials are quite large making the computational burden of their resultant polynomials (as required by elimination theory) quite high. Here, it is shown that the theory of symmetric polynomials can be exploited to reduce the degree of the polynomial equations that must be solved which in turn greatly reduces the computational burden. In contrast to results reported in the literature that use iterative numerical techniques to solve these equations, the approach here produces all possible solutions.
Antiviral, anticellular and enzyme-inducing activities of interferons in RD-114 cells

Summary RD-114 is a human sarcoma-derived cell line which is chronically infected with the RD-114 retrovirus. In a previous study, we found that treatment of these cells with human interferon-α or human interferon-γ causes a marked inhibition of RD-114 virus production, but that the replication of exogenous vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis virus is not impaired. In the present study, we report that neither type of interferon has strong inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis or on multiplication of the cells. We also failed to detect a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity in extracts of both interferon-treated and untreated cells. However, a low level of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate [2,5(A)] synthetase activity was detectable in extracts of interferon-treated cells. 2,5(A)-dependent endonuclease L activity was detectable in extracts of both untreated and interferon-treated cells. This was probably responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis observed upon introduction of 2,5(A) to RD-114 cells. In many cells, interferon has been found to induce synthesis of several proteins demonstrable by autoradiographic analysis of slab gels on which extracts of interferon-treated and radiolabelled cells are separated. Using a similar method, no such induced protein synthesis was detectable in interferon-treated RD-114 cells. Our results indicate that RD-114 cells are resistant to most known actions of interferons except for the antiretroviral action to which they are as sensitive as any other cell line.
Prenylated Flavonoids from the Root Bark of Berchemia discolor, a Tanzanian Medicinal Plant

Five new prenylated flavonoids (1-5) were isolated from the root bark of Berchemia discolor, collected in Tanzania, along with 10 known compounds, by bioactivity-guided fractionation. The structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques. Of these isolates, compound 4, and the known compounds nitidulin (6), amorphigenin (7), and dabinol (8), exhibited cytotoxic activity when evaluated against a small panel of human cancer cells. Nitidulin (6) was further tested in an in vivo hollow fiber assay and found to be active against LNCaP (human hormone-dependent prostate cancer) cells implanted intraperitoneally, at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg.
Fast numerical modeling of multitransmitter electromagnetic data using multigrid quasi-linear approximation

Multitransmitter electromagnetic (EM) surveys are widely used in remote-sensing and geophysical exploration. The interpretation of the multitransmitter geophysical data requires numerous three-dimensional (3-D) modelings of the responses of the receivers for different geoelectrical models of complex geological formations. In this paper, we introduce a fast method for 3-D modeling of EM data, based on a modified version of quasilinear approximation, which uses a multigrid approach. This method significantly speeds up the modeling of multitransmitter-multireceiver surveys. The developed algorithm has been applied for the interpretation of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) data. We have tested our new method using synthetic problems and for the simulation of MCSEM data for a geoelectrical model of a Gemini salt body.
Knowledge sharing in a collaborative business environment

In recent years, business organisations have perceived a growing need to collaborate with one another to solve common problems and to stay competitive. An important form of collaboration is sharing of human/ organisational knowledge. In this work, we use different types of business rules and structures of these rules to capture multi-faceted business policies, strategies, regulations, constraints, processes and operating procedures. The occurrence of any event of interest to these organisations can initiate the processing of multiple rules and rule structures. We present a rule specification language and an event-triggered knowledge sharing system for the specification and processing of distributed events, triggers, heterogeneous business rules and rule structures in an enhanced web service infrastructure.
Constraint-based random stimuli generation for hardware verification

We report on random stimuli generation for hardware verification in IBM as a major application of various artificial intelligence technologies, including knowledge representation, expert systems, and constraint satisfaction. The application has been developed for almost a decade, with huge payoffs. Research and development around this application is still thriving, as we continue to cope with the ever-increasing complexity of modern hardware systems and demanding business environments.