cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactivation at low ATP distinguishes among classes of paralyzed flagella mutants

Paralyzed flagella (pf) mutants of Chlamydomonas have been distinguished by the inability of the intact cells to move. Demembranated flagella from these mutants are also immotile when reactivated under standard conditions, with millimolar ATP concentrations. Three of these pf mutants were previously found to be motile when reactivated under 3 alternate reactivation conditions: low ATP concentration ( 0.5 mM ADP; or 0.1 mM ATP combined with non-reactivating ATP analogs anthraniloyl ATP or methylanthraniloyl ATP. We have now surveyed all pf mutants in the Chlamydomonas Culture Collection and discovered that a great majority of these mutants can move under these alternate nucleotide conditions. Only pf22 and pf23, mutants missing multiple subsets of dynein arms, did not reactivate under those conditions. This suggests that the paralysis observed in most pf mutants is the result of inhibition by physiological ATP. Except for pf12, which has an abnormally symmetric bending pattern, all other pf mutants exhibit asymmetric bending patterns similar to wild-type. Previously, motility that was restored by the presence of suppressor mutations was found to lack the normal asymmetry of wild-type flagella or the suppressor by itself. The waveform of pf mutants at alternate reactivation conditions in the absence of suppressor shows that pf mutants with radial-spoke or central-pair defects are capable of asymmetric bending similar to wild-type. A complete radial-spoke/central-pair complex is not essential for the production of asymmetric bending patterns. Furthermore, this suggests that the symmetric waveform observed previously in suppressed pf mutants is due to the interaction between the pf and suppressor mutations.
Roles of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Mediators Fis1, Drp1, and Opa1 in Apoptosis

During apoptosis, the mitochondrial network fragments. Using short hairpin RNAs for RNA interference, we manipulated the expression levels of the proteins hFis1, Drp1, and Opa1 that are involved in...
Low socioeconomic status is a poor prognostic factor for survival in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer and is independent of surgical treatment, race, and marital status.

BACKGROUND. Racial minorities exhibit poor survival with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that generally is attributed to low socioeconomic status (SES). In this study, the authors investigated the role of SES in this survival disparity among patients with stage I NSCLC. METHODS. A case-only analysis was performed on California Cancer Registry (CCR) data (1989–2003). Univariate survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards ratios. RESULTS. In total, 19,702 incident cases of stage I NSCLC were analyzed. Low SES was identified more commonly in African-American and Hispanic patients and was associated significantly with men, unmarried status, stage IB disease, squamous cell histology, poorly differentiated tumors, fewer surgical resections performed, and less overall treatment received. Reasons for no surgery were associated strongly with low SES and unmarried status but not with race. In multivariate analysis, each incremental improvement in SES quintile was associated with statistically significant decreases in the hazard ratios (HRs) for death (second SES quintile [SES2] vs SES1: HR, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.85–0.98; SES3 vs SES1: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97; SES4 vs SES1: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89; SES5 vs SES1: HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.72–0.84; Ptrend < .0001). African-American or Hispanic race was not an independent poor prognostic factor for survival after adjustment for surgery, SES, and marital status. CONCLUSIONS. Low SES was an independent poor prognostic factor for survival in patients with stage I NSCLC and was independent of surgery, race, and marital status. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Floral colour changes as cues for pollinators

PLANTS have evolved traits that enable them to influence directly the behaviour and movement of their pollinators. Here I show that flowers in at least 74 diverse angiosperm families undergo dramatic, often localized, colour changes which direct the movements of a variety of pollinators to the benefit of both participants. Floral colour change was first noted almost 200 years ago1 and is known in a variety of species2–17, but the prevalence and significance of the phenomenon have gone largely unrecognized. I find that retention of older flowers increases a plant's attractiveness to pollinators from a distance, that pollinators discriminate between floral colour phases at close range, and that the discrimination involves learning. The phenomenon of floral colour change is taxonomically widespread, morphologically variable (Fig. 1), and physiologically diverse. It has evolved independently in the angiosperms many times and provides a striking example of functional convergence.
Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Genistein during Activation Does Not Affect Sperm Motility in the Fighting Fish Betta splendens

Sperm collected from male fighting fish Betta splendens were activated in control water, water containing the ion-channel blocker gadolinium (a putative positive control), or water containing the isoflavone phytoestrogen genistein to determine the effects of acute genistein exposure on male reproductive function. Computer-assisted sperm analysis was used to quantify the proportion of sperm that were motile and the swimming velocity of those sperm. The highest concentration of gadolinium (100 μM) tested was effective at reducing sperm motility and velocity, but neither concentration of genistein tested (3.7 nM or 3.7 μM) significantly affected these sperm parameters. Our findings suggest that acute exposure to waterborne phytoestrogens during activation does not reduce the motility of fish sperm.
Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Hydrothermal Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Bimetallic Organophosphonate Oxides of the Type Mo/Cu/O/RPO32-/Organoimine

The hydrothermal reactions of a Cu(II) starting material, a molybdate source, 2,2‘-bipyridine or terpyridine, and the appropriate alkyldiphosphonate ligand yield two series of bimetallic organophosphonate hybrid materials of the general types [Cun(bpy)mMoxOy(H2O)p{O3P(CH2)nPO3}z] and [Cun(terpy)mMoxOy(H2O)p{O3P(CH2)nPO3}z]. The bipyridyl series includes the one-dimensional materials [Cu(bpy)(MoO2)(H2O)(O3PCH2PO3)] (1) and [{Cu(bpy)2}{Cu(bpy)(H2O)}(Mo5O15)(O3PCH2CH2CH2CH2PO3)]·H2O (5·H2O) and the two-dimensional hybrids [Cu(bpy)(Mo2O5)(H2O)(O3PCH2PO3)]·H2O (2·H2O), [{Cu(bpy)}2(Mo4O12)(H2O)2(O3PCH2CH2PO3)]·2H2O (3·2H2O), and [Cu(bpy)(Mo2O5)(O3PCH2CH2CH2PO3)](4). The terpyridyl series is represented by the one-dimensional [{Cu(terpy)(H2O)}2(Mo5O15)(O3PCH2CH2PO3)]·3H2O (7·3H2O) and the two-dimensional composite materials [Cu(terpy)(Mo2O5)(O3PCH2PO3)] (6) and [{Cu(terpy)}2(Mo5O15)(O3PCH2CH2CH2PO3)] (8). The structures exhibit a variety of molybdate building blocks including isolated {MoO6} octahedra in 1, binu...
A case of subcapsular rupture of liver in a neonate associated with hemophilia A

We describe an extremely rare case of subcapsular rupture of the liver associated with hemophilia A in a neonate. Although, the neonate was in good condition after birth, at 13 hours, he became pale and his abdomen distended. At 17 hours after birth, an emergency laparotomy was performed. The subcapsular rupture of the left side of the liver was found. The ruptured area was closed with a continuous suture, and additional mattress sutures with pledget provided satisfactory hemostasis. On the second day after the operation, relaparotomy was done because recurrent bleeding was suspected. There was no bleeding from the sutured liver. Oozing was found at the suture line on the abdominal wall. An additional postoperative observation was a decrease of factor VIII less than 1%, and hemophilia A was confirmed.
Development of high TC PMN-PZT piezoelectric single crystals by the solid-state crystal growth (SSCG) technique

Single crystals in the ternary MPB PM-NPZ-PT system with relatively high TCs and ECs were fabricated by the solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) technique and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties characterized. The dc bias effect on TRT (or the application usage temperature range), the high field unipolar strain, and the strain fatigue behavior induced by a phase change were investigated. Compared to PMN-PT single crystals, the high TC/EC PMN-PZT single crystals (TRT=144°C and EC=4.6kV/cm) were found to exhibit a much wider usage range with respect to electric field as well as temperature, and thus are better candidates for application in transducers and actuators.
Automatic, fast, online calibration between depth and color cameras

HighlightsAutomatic, online calibration between a color camera and a depth camera.No special equipment; just a square, checkered target.Calibration occurs very quickly and with minimal user interaction.Online calibration allows user to see results immediately.Rigorous ground truth validation places this algorithm at leading edge. Automatic camera calibration has remained a hard topic in computer vision since its inception due to its reliance on the image correspondence problem. This problem becomes even more pronounced when calibrating a depth image with a color image due to a lack of simple correspondences between the two modalities. In this work, we develop a completely automatic, very fast, online algorithm that demonstrates how a consumer-grade depth camera can be calibrated with a color camera with minimal user interaction.
Rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that controls cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR signaling is often upregulated in cancer and there is great interest in developing drugs that target this enzyme. Rapamycin and its analogs bind to a domain separate from the catalytic site to block a subset of mTOR functions. These drugs are extremely selective for mTOR and are already in clinical use for treating cancers, but they could potentially activate an mTOR-dependent survival pathway that could lead to treatment failure. By contrast, small molecules that compete with ATP in the catalytic site would inhibit all of the kinase-dependent functions of mTOR without activating the survival pathway. Several non-selective mTOR kinase inhibitors have been described and here we review their chemical and cellular properties. Further development of selective mTOR kinase inhibitors holds the promise of yielding potent anticancer drugs with a novel mechanism of action.
Spectral quality control in motion-corrupted single-voxel J-difference editing scans: an interleaved navigator approach.

Motion has an adverse effect on spectral quality and needs to be properly identified in MR spectroscopy (MRS) scans. Spectral subtraction-based techniques like J-difference editing are prone to be affected more by subject motion where motion can result in false peaks or inefficient subtraction of peaks. Introducing a water signal-based interleaved navigator scan in the MEGA point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence and acquiring data on a shot-by-shot basis, subject motion inside a scanner was tracked and motion-corrupted data were identified and excluded from the dataset. Performing a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) editing scan at the occipital cortex, it was possible to retrieve a properly edited GABA spectrum from a dataset otherwise to be discarded due to motion. This study demonstrates the importance of independent motion assessment in J-difference editing. Magn Reson Med 58:808–812, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis of heat-aided membrane-controlled drug release from a process control perspective

Abstract Analytical solutions were derived for the time lag and steady-state transdermal flux of drugs across a heat-aided drug-delivery device. The expressions incorporate thermodynamic and physical properties of the solvent/medicament and membrane system, making the approach amenable to in silico evaluation of process performance in a spreadsheet-like environment. Methods and concepts from classical control theory were applied to predict the onset of the steady-state flux. The methodology was based on the system’s time constant, computed by taking the inverse of the first eigenvalue of a Sturm–Liouville problem. This framework does not require a solution to the transient heat-enhanced diffusion problem and relaxes the assumption of a constant diffusion coefficient throughout the membrane. The results match published data, partially explain some clinical trial observations, and suggest a novel method to control the plasma drug concentration. An optimal control strategy was proposed to keep the delivery rate as close as possible to 9.07 μg cm −2 h −1 over a 30-min period by adjusting the skin surface temperature. The integral of the absolute value of the error was 1138.19 compared to 1217.08 when the surface temperature was fixed at 37 °C.
The cultural context of a grievance process: Employee values and expectations in dispute resolution

The nature of employer-employee relationships is influenced by organizational and work unit values and expectations, including the ways members believe they should treat one another and how conflicts should be resolved. This study explored the perceptions of participants in a grievance peer review process. Employees of a health care organization with a recently established peer review grievance process were interviewed about their views of organizational and unit values and expectations, and their experiences with this type of grievance process. Comparisons across groups of grievants, managers, and grievance panel members were discussed.
Diapause in Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Pupal diapause in the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was characterized by: (1) retention of larval eye spots in the postgenal region; (2) arrest of gondal development in the female; (3) cessation of spermatogenesis in the male; and (4) reduced oxygen consumption. Diapause was induced by 10-hour photoperiods and inhibited by 14-hour photoperiods. High temperature (27°C) counteracted short photoperiod effect and low temperature (18°C) counteracted the long-day effect. The sensitive stage was found to be the larva. The tobacco budworm was more responsive to photoperiod at the different temperatures studied than the bollworm. Pupae of both the bollworm and the tobacco budworm could remain in diapause for at least 20 months at 18°C. There was a parental effect that reduced the incidence of diapause in F1 and F2 progeny of adults which had undergone diapause. This effect appeared to be influenced by both a time interval and temperature.
Concurrent mapping and localization for mobile robot using soft computing techniques

This paper proposes a novel algorithm combining fuzzy logic (FL) and genetic algorithm (GA) for concurrent mapping and localization (CML) of mobile robot. First, CML is formulated as a multidimensional informed search problem. The search is performed to detect a robot pose which can best accommodate the recent sensor scan in the currently available map. A fuzzy set theoretic approach is used to predict a sample based representation of the state space of possible robot poses and a GA is designed to find out the globally optimal solution from the predicted pose space. The GA evaluates the fitness of poses based on the sensory information and drives the generation gradually towards the globally optimal solution even when the fuzzy prediction is inaccurate. The best fit solution as decided by GA offers the most likely continuation of the currently available map. Experiment on synthetic and real data illustrates the robustness of the algorithm.
Augustine and the limits of virtue

Preface Abbreviations Introduction: Augustine and philosophy 1. Time-bound 2. The discipline of virtue 3. Wisdom's grief 4. Grace and conversion 5. Virtue in retrospect Conclusion: free-will Latin sources Translations References Index.
Hydrodynamic and heat-transfer studies in fine particle gas-fluidized beds

Abstract A 0.152 m internal diameter fluidized-bed pilot-plant facility designed to operate up to a maximum temperature of 1500 K at ambient pressures has been fabricated, installed and tested. High temperatures are obtained by the combustion of propane-air mixtures in the bed. A specially designed bubble cap distributor plate ensures good gas dispersion and solids mixing in the bed. Preliminary measurements dealing with hydrodynamic and heat-transfer characteristics in the moderate temperature range 330–500 K at ambient pressures in beds of fine powders of sand, glass beads and alumina particles are reported here. These include the bed pressure drop and bed expansion as a function of fluidizing velocity and bed temperature. The characteristics of the bubble cap air distributor plate are also investigated in view of its role in controlling the quality of fluidization. The heat transfer between the bed and an immersed water-cooled vertical tube is analyzed to compute the heat-transfer coefficient and its dependence on the superficial air-fluidizing velocity and on bed temperature. These data are critically examined in the light of mechanistic processes taking place in the bed.
Minimising the dosage-limiting toxicities of foscarnet induction therapy

This article suggests ways to manage the dose-limiting adverse reactions caused by foscarnet so that this agent may be used with confidence as first-line therapy in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate) has been used for the treatment of CMV disease in patients who are infected with HIV. Some physicians who treat patients with CMV infection are reluctant to use foscarnet because of the serious adverse effects that may occur, especially during the induction period. The most frequently reported serious adverse effects are nephrotoxicity, electrolyte disturbances, nausea, penile ulcerations and seizures. The nephrotoxicity associated with foscarnet is attributable to renal tubular damage, and may be minimised by calculating and infusing the appropriate dose after hydrating the patient. Monitoring serum electrolyte levels and replacing electrolytes before symptoms occur may limit the development of dosage-limiting toxicities. Nausea occurring during foscarnet infusions may be ameliorated by using antiemetics and slowing the infusion rate. Seizures associated with the use of this agent are mostly a result of the simultaneous presence of other CNS pathologies. Penile ulcers are best managed by stopping the infusion until the ulcers heal; they may be prevented by paying careful attention to personal hygiene.
The fate of 4-hydroxycarbazole metabolite: metabolism and carcinogenicity assessment of a β-adrenergic receptor modulator containing carbazole structure

LY377604 has a potential to form 4-hydroxycarbazole, which was reported in the literature as a mutagen. This safety concern led to our investigation of the metabolism and carcinogenicity of LY377604.In in vitro studies with LY377604, 4-hydroxycarbazole was detected in the presence of liver microsomes prepared from different species. When incubated with liver slices, only the conjugate of 4-hydroxycarbazole was detected.Subsequent in vivo radio-labelled studies were conducted to characterise the formation of 4-hydroxycarbazole from LY377604. Free 4-hydroxycarbazole was not detected in vivo, but the O-glucuronide conjugate was identified as a minor metabolite in urine samples, representing 0.2% and 0.9% of the radioactive dose in rats and monkeys. The low level of circulating 4-hydroxycarbazole glucuronide conjugate was also detected in plasma.LY377604 was negative in all genetic toxicology assays and was not associated with tumour induction in a 6-month carcinogenicity study using RasH2+/− mouse model. The...
Differential Association and Learning Principles Revisited

Differential association has long been the most widely disseminated of the criminological theories, yet has remained untested. A recent innovation in the intellectual life of the theory has suggested a means of testing its adequacy but not its validity, and introduced operant conditioning principles into the mainstream of criminological thought. The paper systematically setting forth the application of operant principles to differential association has received endorsements by major criminologists, but close examination reveals fundamental oversights, which may serve to mislead sociologists and criminologists unfamiliar with operant conditioning. This analysis addresses itself to: (a) a set of propositions revising Sutherland's differential association theory; (b) a critique of Burgess and Akers (1966b); (c) a review of the application of operant conditioning principles in criminology.
Comparability of biological assessments derived from predictive models and multimetric indices of increasing geographic scope

AbstractThe increasing demand for tools that can score biological condition from aquatic community data has spurred the creation of many predictive models (e.g., observed/expected [O/E] indices) and multimetric indices (MMIs). The geographic and environmental scopes of these indices vary widely, and coverages often overlap. If indices developed for large environmentally heterogeneous regions provide results equivalent to those developed for smaller regions, then regulatory entities could adopt indices developed for larger regions rather than fund the development of multiple indices within a region. We evaluated this potential by comparing the performance (precision, bias, responsiveness, and sensitivity) of benthic macroinvertebrate O/E indices and MMIs developed for California (CA) with that of indices developed for 2 large-scale condition assessments of US streams: the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Western Pilot Study (EMAP-West) and the western portion of the Wadeable Streams Assessme...
Fiscal implications of effluent charges and input taxes

Abstract Taxing inputs that cause pollution is an alternative to effluent fees. The literature has identified an economic relationship between these two market approaches that results in equivalent emission reductions. However, the fiscal implications of each approach may differ considerably. This investigation shows total revenues collected from polluters under each instrument are identical only if the production of residuals exhibits constant returns to scale. Empirical estimates of the difference in revenues collected are presented for the case of deep-percolated nitrate losses in irrigated agriculture
Light effects on leaf development and photosynthetic capacity of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.

Rates of net CO2 uptake were examined in developing leaves of Hydrocotyle bonariensis. Leaves that developed under high photosynthetically active radiation (48 mol m-2 day-1 PAR) were smaller, thicker, and reached maximum size sooner than did leaves that developed under low PAR (4.8 mol m-2 day-1). Maximum net CO2 uptake rates were reached after 5 to 6 days expansion for both the low and the high PAR leaves. Leaves grown at high PAR had higher maximum photosynthetic rates and a higher PAR required for light saturation but showed a more rapid decline in rate with age than did low PAR leaves. To assess the basis for the difference observed in photosynthetic rates, CO2 diffusion conductances and the mesophyll surface available for CO2 absorption were examined for mature leaves. Stomatal conductance was the largest conductance in all treatments and did not vary appreciably with growth PAR. Mesophyll conductance progressively increased with growth PAR (up to 48 mol m-2 day-1) as did the mesophyll surface area per unit leaf area, but the cellular conductance exhibited most of its increase at low PAR (up to 4.8 mol m-2 day-1).
Art in Digital Times: From Technology to Instrument

The author's approach to selecting digital art encompasses four major themes. The first relates to reprocessing information and the use of sampling as a means of representing the culturescape we inhabit. The second involves the emergence of interactive environments and installations. New forms of storytelling frame the third view and the final theme relates to bridging the categorical gaps, as demonstrated in computer generated multimedia work.
Spatial organization of normal and visually deprived units in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.

Abstract The spatial organization of the receptive fields of lateral geniculate neurons of cats was examined by single unit techniques. The stimulus consisted of spots of various sizes centered on the receptive field center. Of the 62 units examined, 24 received input from the normal eye and 38 from the visually deprived eye. The visually deprived units had small receptive field centers and antagonistic center-surround organization. Examination of peristimulus time histograms showed that approximately 50 per cent of the units fed by the visually deprived eye had firing patterns consistently different from the units innervated by the normal eye. These units had symmetrical firing patterns which did not change with increasing stimulus diameters, low maximum firing rate and long latency. Calculation of the summation of inhibition in the peripheral portion of the receptive field showed that these units had stronger inhibition than the normal units.
The Influence of Popular Culture and Entertainment Media on Adult Education

This chapter summarizes the main themes in this volume: the role of popular culture and entertainment media in facilitating critical media literacy with adult learners; the influence of popular culture on our understanding of ourselves and others; and the ways in which popular culture reinforces or resists the dominant culture.
A mathematically defined motif for the radial distribution of charged residues on apolipoprotein amphipathic alpha helixes

Multiple amphipathic alpha-helical candidate domains have been identified in exchangeable apolipoproteins by sequence analysis and indirect experimental evidence. The distribution of charged residues can differ within and between these apolipoproteins. Segrest et al. (Segrest, J. P., H. DeLoof, J. G. Dohlman, C. G. Brouillette, and G. M. Anantharamaiah. 1990. Proteins. 8:103–117.) argued that these differences are correlated with lipid affinity. A mathematically defined motif for the particular charge distribution associated with high lipid affinity (class A) is proposed. Primary sequence data from protein segments proposed previously to have an amphipathic alpha-helical structure are scanned. Counting formulas are presented for determining the conditional probability that the match between an observed charge distribution and the proposed motif would occur by chance. Because the preselected helical segments are short (the modal length is 22) and the motif definition imposes multiple constraints on the acceptable distributions, the computer-based algorithm is quite feasible computationally. 19 of the 20 segments previously assigned to class A match the motif sufficiently well (the remaining one is borderline), while very few others "erroneously" pass the screening test. These results confirm the original assignments of the candidate domains and, thus, support the hypothesis that there is a distinguishable subset of helixes having high lipid affinity. This counting approach is applicable to a growing subset of protein sequence analysis problems in which the segment lengths are short and the motif is complex.
Second harmonics conversion and primary and second harmonics echoes from a resonant two-photon three-level atom system

Abstract We investigate the second harmonics direct conversion and the echoes produced at the primary and second harmonics frequencies from a Doppler broadened three-level system, when excited by two collinear delta pulses which center frequency is two-photon resonant with the ground to upper level transition. We show that the primary frequency echo is modulated by the detuning between the frequencies of the incident radiation and that of the transition from ground to intermediate level. We show that the directly converted pulses and the echoes at the second harmonics frequency can be comparable in magnitude. We also show that the second harmonics first echo is centered, in the time-domain, half-way between the second pulse and the primary frequency first echo, that its width is half that of the primary frequency echo's envelope and that the magnitudes of the echoes at ω and 2ω decrease at different rates as function of the exciting pulses' seperation. Finally the effects of finite excitation pulse width and of propagation in optically thick samples on the results are investigated numerically and are shown to be appreciable.
Functional limitations and depression after traumatic brain injury: examination of the temporal relationship.

Abstract Pagulayan KF, Hoffman JM, Temkin NR, Machamer JE, Dikmen SS. Functional limitations and depression after traumatic brain injury: examination of the temporal relationship. Objective To examine the temporal relationship between self-reported injury-related functional limitations and depressive symptomatology after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design A longitudinal cohort study with 3 evaluation points. Setting A level I trauma center. Participants Adolescents and adults (N=135) with complicated mild to severe TBI (72% had complicated mild injuries) who were recruited within 24 hours of injury and then completed the measure at all 3 time points. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Sickness Impact Profile and Center for Epidemiological Studies−Depression Scale. Results Individuals who reported more depressive symptomatology consistently endorsed more injury-related difficulties, showing the strong relationship between depression and perceived psychosocial functioning. Examination of these relationships over time revealed that increased depressive symptomatology follows higher levels of perceived injury-related changes but that reports of injury-related changes are not associated with earlier depression. These findings suggest a unidirectional temporal relationship between these variables. Conclusions Perceived changes in daily functioning appear to influence emotional well-being over time after TBI. However, depressive symptoms do not appear to negatively impact individuals' perception of later functioning. These results further our understanding of the complicated relationship between these variables and may have important implications for treatment of depression after TBI.
Developmental changes in insulin receptors of pig red blood cells

Abstract Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding to pig reticulocytes, fetal red cells, and adult erythrocytes showed the maximum number of high-affinity binding sites per cell to be 274, 147, and 29, respectively. All three cell types displayed a practically identical dissociation constant of approximately 1.22 × 10 −8 m at the high-affinity region. A long-term in vitro incubation of the fetal red cells and reticulocytes under tissue culture conditions was accompanied by a significant loss of insulin-binding capacity without any appreciable alteration of the dissociation constant. The isolation and characterization of insulin-receptor complexes from these cell types were carried out to establish whether the difference in insulin-binding capacity was due to the difference in the amount of the same species or due to different species of insulin receptors. Membrane proteins were extracted with Triton X-102 and fractionated by DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange column chromatography. Each peak sample was complexed with 125 I-insulin, and the complexes were covalently crosslinked and then applied to a Sepharose CL-6B column. A 95,000-Da complex was obtained from adult pig erythrocyte membranes; 220,000- and 95,000-Da complexes from pig reticulocyte membranes; and >600,000-, 220,000-,and 95,000-Da complexes from pig fetal cell membranes. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under a nonreducing condition, the 95,000-Da complex was dissociated into a 53,000-Da component; the >600,000-Da complex into >320,000-, 130,000-, and 53,000-Da components; and the 220,000-Da complex was dissociated into 220,000-, 130,000-, and 53,000-Da components. These findings strongly suggest that the decrease in insulin binding during the developmental changes of red blood cells is due to a disappearance of high-molecular-weight insulin receptors rather than a decrease in the amount of the smaller receptor molecules.
On locally trivial G a -actions

If the additive group of complex numbers acts algebraically on a normal affine variety, then the associated ring of invariants need not be finitely generated, but is an ideal transform of some normal affine algebra (Theorem 1). We investigate such normal affine algebras in the case of a locally trivial action on a factorial variety. If the variety is a complex affine space and the ring of invariants is isomorphic to a polynomial ring, then the action is conjugate to a translation (Theorem 3). Equivalently, ifC n , is the total space for a principalG a -bundle over some open subset ofCn−1 then the bundle is trivial. On the other hand, there is a locally trivialG a -action on a normal affine variety with nonfinitely generated ring of invariants (Theorem 2).
Managing Powdery Mildew of Cherry in Washington Orchards and Nurseries with Spray Oils

Abstract Powdery mildew of sweet cherry is the most serious disease in irrigated orchards and nurseries of Washington. The fungus infects foliage and fruit, but fruit infections are of primary conc...
Distribution of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents Using the Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Feeding and Eating Disorders

Abstract Purpose To determine the distribution of eating disorders (ED) in children and adolescents comparing the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) to the proposed fifth edition DSM criteria. Methods A total of 215 consecutive patients (15.4 ± 3.3 years) presenting for initial ED evaluation to adolescent medicine physicians from six institutions were assigned ED diagnoses using current DSM-IV criteria as well as proposed DSM-5 criteria. Results Diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa increased using the proposed DSM-5 criteria (from 30.0% to 40.0% and from 7.3% to 11.8%, p p Conclusions Proposed DSM-5 criteria substantially decreased the frequency of ED not otherwise specified diagnoses and increased the number of cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a population of young patients presenting for ED treatment. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder appears to be a significant diagnosis.
Analysis of web defects by correlating 1-D Morlet and 2-D Mexican hat wavelet transforms

The manufacturing processes for paper and similar non-woven fiber webs can affect end-use properties. In this paper, we document a new wavelet-based method of product diagnostic. The methods combines 1-dimensional Morlet and isotropic 2-dimensional Mexican hat wavelets, with wavelet-based filtering and denoising techniques. Two samples produced in pilot machines by different forming methods are examined for variations in their mass per unit area - the grammage. The grammage maps are decomposed into three layers: one associated with the nearly-periodic grammage streaks at large scale, one associated with flocs or related medium-size structures, and the background which combines pixel-size fluctuations and large-scale stochastic modulations. By correlating the structure and background fluctuations with the streaks local phase, we show that one sample exhibits formation streaks (statistical variations in properties other than mean grammage), which are not found in the other.
Timing of Onset of Volcanic Centers in the Campanian of Western North America as Determined by Distal Ashfalls

Strata of the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation and Pierre Shale Group include bentonites that provide a distal record of volcanic activity taking place to the west. Detailed stratigraphic analysis combined with mineralogy and geochemistry of the bentonites indicates the following timing of events: 1) Eustatic sea level fall as a result of the end of the Niobrara Cycle; 2) Tectonic deformation of the Western Interior Seaway coincident with tectonism on the Absoroka Thrust in Wyoming and Late Canyon Range Thrust in Utah; 3) Backarc volcanism in Montana associated with the Little Elkhorn Mountain volcanic complex; 4) Forearc volcanism in the Cascades area indicates subduction of a hot oceanic crust where plagioclase in the oceanic crust is being incorporated into the melt; 5) Cessation of tectonic activity results in a return of sedimentation patterns to north-south trending belts with the Boyer Bay and Burning Brule members of the Sharon Springs Formation deposited to the east and the Mitten Black Shale Formation deposited in the basin.
Bias in Discrete Response Contingent Valuation

Abstract The empirical literature on discrete response contingent valuation has found that seemingly innocuous changes in the statistical models estimated result in significantly different point estimates of willingness to pay. This paper hypothesizes and tests several potential explanations for these results. First it investigates and compares the biases inherent in single-bounded and double-bounded maximum likelihood estimation procedures and examines how they react to various bid designs and sample sizes. Then it examines the presence and identification of "outliers" in binary choice data and how these outliers influence estimation. Finally, it presents an alternative approach to addressing the issue of outliers which explicitly acknowledges the possibility of upwardly biased response probabilities.
Derivation and analysis of atmospheric density from observations of Satellite 1958 Epsilon

Abstract The orbital behavior of Satellite 1958 Epsilon has been analyzed to derive average upper atmosphere densities in the altitude interval of 257 km to 270 km between latitudes 50° N and 50° S. The method of computation and possible errors in the calculations are discussed in detail. At an altitude of 262.5 km above intermediate northern latitudes, the most probable value of mean density was found to be 1.3 ± 0.4 × 10−13 g/cm3. All numerical results showed a high degree of internal consistency, but gave no evidence of any appreciable variation of average density between latitudes 49° N and S during the time interval July to November, 1958. The data did not warrant firm interpretation of small deviations which could be ascribed to either a day-night effect or slightly higher mean densities in the northern hemisphere. At about 50° N and S latitudes, however, a sharp discontinuity was found, with the average density value in the northern hemisphere about twice that in the southern hemisphere. Assuming this to be a real phenomenon, the authors present tentative conclusions about the physical and dynamical state of the upper atmosphere. In addition, an explanation is offered for some of the apparent discrepancies between mean density values obtained from satellite observations and many of the measurements by means of high-altitude research rockets.
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Content of Normal and Diseased Human Hearts

Because of the exquisitely oxygen-wasting and potentially hypoxia-producing effect of epinephrine on the myocardium, its relative (compared with norepinephrine) and absolute concentration in 85 human hearts was investigated. Significant increases above normal were found in cases of fresh myocardial infarction, in congestive heart failure, and in renal uremia. It is believed that the hypoxiating action of excess epinephrine in the heart muscle constitutes an important pathogenic factor in the origin of certain forms of functional and degenerative heart disease. Prolonged illnesses of various kinds seem to reduce the myocardial norepinephrine content.
ATM phosphorylates ZBP-89 at Ser202 to potentiate p21waf1 induction by butyrate.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce growth arrest and differentiation, particularly in the colon where they are potential chemotherapeutic agents. A key mediator of HDACi action is the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21waf1. HDACi treatment of colonic cells promotes the formation of an ATM/ZBP-89/p300 complex on p21waf1 proximal promoter, and this multi-molecular complex plays an important role in HDACi induction of p21waf1 expression in vitro and mucosal protection in vivo. Here we found that ZBP-89 is phosphorylated by ATM kinase in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of the ATM phosphorylation motif 202SQ within the zinc finger domain of ZBP-89 attenuated its ability to enhance p21waf1 activation by butyrate. Moreover, disruption of the ATM phosphorylation site abrogated the ability of ZBP-89 to potentiate butyrate induction of endogenous p21waf1 expression. These results demonstrate that ATM phosphorylation of ZBP-89 contributes to HDACi induction of p21waf1 gene expression.
GT-SUPREEM: the Georgia Tech summer undergraduate packaging research and engineering experience for minorities

The Georgia Tech SUmmer Undergraduate Packaging Research and Engineering Experience for Minorities (GT-SUPREEM) is an eight-week summer program designed to attract qualified minority students to pursue graduate degrees in packaging- related disciplines. The program is conducted under the auspices of the Georgia Tech Engineering Research Center in Low-Cost Electronic Packaging, which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. In this program, nine junior and senior level undergraduate students are selected on a nationwide basis and paired with a faculty advisor to undertake research projects in the Packaging Research CEnter. The students are housed on campus and provided with a $DLR3,000 stipend and a travel allowance. At the conclusion of the program, the students present both oral and written project summaries. It is anticipated that this experience will motivate these students to become applicants for graduate study in ensuring years. This paper will provide an overview of the GT-SUPREEM program, including student research activities, success stories, lessons learned, and overall program outlook.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
OTA-based transmission line model with variable parameters for analog power flow computation

Analog computation has some inherent benefits over traditional digital computation methods and fosters a continued interest in research, specifically in power systems, due to its associated strengths. Among these advantages are physically realizable solutions, much faster computation times and more accurate models. To realize an analog computation environment for power system analysis analog models and their circuit realizations are required. This paper focuses on the design, simulation and hardware verification of transmission line models with variable parameters for the purpose of analog power flow computation. Specifically, pi equivalent lumped parameter and distributed parameter transmission line models with parametric variation based on temperature and frequency are presented. Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are the primary circuit elements in the hardware designs and allow remote reconfigurability and variation of transmission line parameters via transconductance gain. Test results are presented from a hardware prototype, which was developed and tested based on the proposed analog line models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The case for retaining severe perineal tears as an indicator of the quality of obstetric care.

Background The incidence of severe perineal tears acquired during vaginal childbirth varies considerably across hospitals but its use as a safety and quality indicator is in jeopardy because of problems associated with accurate detection and recording. Aim To understand and interpret time trends in the incidence of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears among women giving birth vaginally in 18 public maternity hospitals in South Australia, taking into account individualised risk factors for each birth. Methods The risk-adjusted probability of a third- and fourth-degree tear was estimated for each of 65,598 singleton vaginal births (2002–2008), using a previously published regression model. The risk factors for each birth included maternal age; parity and ethnicity; assistance with instruments and episiotomy; shoulder dystocia; and infant birthweight. Plots of ‘excess’ tears were generated to help identify maternity services where the observed incidence of severe trauma differed from the expectation estimated from the risk profiles. Results Three hospitals were identified at which there were systematically more tears than expected (given their risk profiles), and five hospitals were identified at which there were fewer tears. However, increased tearing at two hospitals coincided closely with improved advocacy for better detection and treatment of perineal tears (especially partial third-degree tears). Conclusion Statistical process control methods provide a powerful means of investigating temporal variations in the incidence of outcomes like severe perineal tears. Third- or fourth- degree tears should be retained as a quality indicator of maternity services, but it is likely that many third-degree tears currently go undetected.
Effects of Internal Temperature and Thickness on Palatability of Pork Loin Chops

Three thicknesses (2.54, 1.90 and 1.27 cm) of pork chops were cutl alternately from 20 paired loins of similar quality. Chops were cooked on Farberware grills or in a convection oven to internal temperatures of 60, 70 and 80°C for sensory and objective evaluations. Juiciness, percent moisture and tenderness decreased and cooking losses increased (P 0.05) on tenderness, juiciness or total cooking loss of oven-prepared or grilled chops. The thickest chops received the highest (P < 0.05) pork flavor scores.
Analytical Toxicology: Element-Selective Electrolytic Conductivity Detection of Chlorinated Volatiles

An electrolytic conductivity detector (EICD) may be used to achieve the chlorine-selective detection of organochlorlne volatiles (CH2CI 2, CHCI3, CICH2CH2CI, CCI4) separated by gas chromatography (GC). GC retention indices, "pattern recognition" of EICD furnace chemistry phenomenon (I.e. detector response vs. reaction conditions), and EICD element-selectlvlty provide a set of complimentary information allowing the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chlorlneted volatiles in biological materials. Determination of meIsr selectivity ratios (I.e. GC-EICD response to organochlorinea vs. alcohols, ketones, esters, and nltrlles) demonstrafed the utility of the EICD In the selective analysis of voletile organochlorlnes In complex mixtures. Factors determining detector selectivity are considered.
hMRE11 deficiency leads to microsatellite instability and defective DNA mismatch repair

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is essential in the surveillance of accurate transmission of genetic information, and defects in this pathway lead to microsatellite instability and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Our previous study raised the possibility that hMRE11 might be involved in MMR through physical interaction with hMLH1. Here, we show that hMRE11 deficiency leads to significant increase in MSI for both mono- and dinucleotide sequences. Furthermore, RNA-interference-mediated hMRE11-knockdown in HeLa cells results in MMR deficiency. Analysis of seven HNPCC-associated hMLH1 missense mutations located within the hMRE11-interacting domain shows that four mutations (L574P, K618T, R659P and A681T) cause near-complete disruption of the interaction between hMRE11 and hMLH1, and two mutations (Q542L and L582V) cause a 30% reduction of protein interaction. These findings indicate that hMRE11 represents a functional component of the MMR pathway and the disruption of hMLH1–hMRE11 interaction could be an alternative molecular explanation for hMLH1 mutations in a subset of HNPCC tumours.