cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Ciliate Ecology

The growth of populations and ciliate community structure have received considerable research attention. This may be attributed in part to the relatively large size of some species, thus permitting rapid and convenient identification, and the significant role of ciliates as consumers of primary production in ecosystems (Curds and Vandyke 1966; Fenchel 1968a, 1969; Taylor and Berger 1976; Muller and Lee 1977; Finlay 1981). Substantial attention has been given to their taxonomy (eg, Corliss 1979) and their role in water purification (eg, Curds 1973), further enhancing the perceived practical significance of understanding the role of ciliates in aquatic systems.
Comparison of Pathological Stage in Patients Treated with and without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for High Risk Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Purpose: High risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma has been associated with poor survival outcomes. Limited retrospective data support neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical nephroureterectomy. To validate prior findings we evaluated differences in the pathological stage distribution in patients with high risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma based on the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical nephroureterectomy.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 240 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma at The Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2003 to 2017. Patients with biopsy proven high grade disease and a visible lesion on cross-sectional imaging were offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical nephroureterectomy. A control group of a time matched cohort of patients with biopsy proven high grade disease underwent extirpative surgery alone. The chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate clinical and pathological variables between the cohorts.R...
Silicon-Based Brillouin Photonics and Signal Processing

We use a new class of optomechanical waveguides to we create strong stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon waveguides. Harnessing these interactions, we create Brillouin-based narrow-band RF-photonic filters, optical amplifiers, and lasers in silicon photonics.
Demography: Twentieth-century History

For an intellectual activity to become a discipline certain things are needed: a significant interaction among those performing the activity; an organization that directs its investigation and teaching; and entities outside itself who value and use its findings. Using this definition, demography lacked the status of a discipline for the first half of the twentieth century. It became a discipline in the second half of the twentieth century largely as a result of a confluence of events that took place at mid-century, the most notable of which was the rise of an international population control movement that expanded vastly the resources available for demographic research on problems associated with population growth in developing countries. These resources helped to establish demography within the academy and to shape its contours, but also worked to politicize the discipline for several decades. Currently, demography possesses a significant disciplinary cohesiveness that arises from its well-defined subject matter and from a focus on a restricted set of policy issues.
Local control for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer treated with 5-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy is not associated with treatment schedule

Abstract Purpose Clinical concern remains regarding the relationship between consecutive (QD) versus nonconsecutive (QoD) lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment schedules and outcomes for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined a multi-institutional series of patients receiving 5-fraction lung SBRT to compare the local failure rates and overall survival between patients receiving QD versus QoD treatment. Methods and materials Lung SBRT databases from 2 high-volume institutions were combined, and patients receiving 5-fraction SBRT for a solitary stage I NSCLC were identified. QD treatment was defined as completing SBRT in ≤7 days, whereas QoD treatment was defined as completing treatment in >7 days. To control for patient characteristics between the 2 institutions, a 1:1 propensity-matched analysis was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with local failure, and Cox proportional hazards modeling to identify variables independently associated with increased mortality. Results From 2005 through 2016, 245 clinical stage I NSCLC patients receiving 5-fraction SBRT were identified. A total of 117 (47.8%) patients received QD treatment and 128 (52.2%) patients received QoD treatment. On propensity-matched analysis, no association was seen between QD treatment and local failure (odds ratio [OR] for QD treatment, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-1.99; P = .5). On multivariable logistic regression, central tumors were independently associated with increased likelihood of local recurrence (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.11-24.2; P = .04). Kaplan-Meier analysis identified no difference in median overall survival between QD versus QoD treatments (38.0 vs 38.0 months, log-rank P = .7), respectively. QD treatment was not associated with an increased mortality hazard (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.67-1.75; P = .75). Conclusions This analysis demonstrated no association between QD versus QoD treatment scheduling and local control or overall survival for early-stage NSCLC.
Chairmen’s Overview On Oncodevelopmental Markers

Cancer markers are cell products produced normally during development, or by differentiating normal cells in adult tissues (Figure 1). Such markers include placental products (chorionic gonadotropin), isozymes (alkaline phosphatase, etc.), secreted proteins, (myeloma paraprotein, alphafetoprotein), cell surface gryoproteins (carcinoembryonic antigen), and blood group carbohydrates, as well as lymphocyte surface markers and tumor products detected by monoclonal antibodies.
Advanced MRI of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder that predominantly affects cartilage and subchondral bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a noninvasive means to detect pathologic alterations in these two tissues. In this chapter, we provide an overview of MRI techniques to evaluate cartilage and subchondral bone macrostructure, and cartilage biochemical composition [T1rho mapping, T2 mapping, 23Na MRI, glycosaminoglycan chemical exchange saturation transfer, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)]. The ability to detect early and short-term changes in the knee joint in vivo will allow new insight into the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and may permit early diagnosis of osteoarthritis in at-risk subjects. This knowledge and capability should ultimately accelerate the discovery and testing of novel therapies to treat osteoarthritis, a disease which represents an enormous socioeconomic and health burden on society.
Dental epidemiology of military operations

In this paper we review studies that have been conducted on the epidemiology of oral, dental, and maxillofacial conditions during military deployments. The limitations of our current knowledge base are discussed, as is a proposed research effort to enhance the responsiveness of dental support in theaters of operation.
Striatum: Internal Physiology

The striatum consists of spiny projection neurons; excitatory afferents from the cortex, thalamus, and amygdala; neuromodulatory inputs from the substantia nigra and dorsal raphe; and a small population of interneurons. The spiny cells receive many excitatory inputs but fire rarely and episodically. They receive a weak convergent feedback inhibition and a much stronger feed-forward inhibition from a few fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons. The striatum also contains a small population of large cholinergic interneurons that innervate spiny cells and other elements of the striatal neuropil. These cells are spontaneously active and provide a neuromodulatory input to the spiny neurons.
A Survey of the Acute Effects of UV Lasers on Human and Animal Skin

Cutaneous responses to nitrogen (337.1 nm), KrF (248 nm) excimer, and ArF (193 nm) excimer lasers were studied in guinea pigs and humans. In most respects, the erythema, pigmentation and histologic responses to these nanosecond-domain pulsed lasers are identical with responses to conventional CW sources within each spectral region. The N2 laser was used to quantitatively document and compare the enhanced phototoxic responses induced by oral and topical psoralens, and various topically applied tar preparations. For nitrogen and KrF lasers, reciprocity between irradiance and exposure duration is observed for the production of the clinically observed threshold for delayed erythema responses. This is not the case for induction of immediate erythema or immediate pigment darkening by N2 laser. The minimal erythema dose to ArF excimer laser (193 nm) was greater than 0.5 J/cm2 in albino guinea pigs. The insensitivity to 193 nm radiation as compared with 248 nm radiation is presumably due to the higher optical density of the stratum corneum and epidermis for wavelengths shorter than 200 nm. Research applications of pulsed UV laser systems in dermatological photobiology are briefly discussed.
Interlude: Cultural Centers and Strategies of Being: Creativity, Sanctuary, the Public Square, and Contexts for Exchange

the theater, the symphony hall, the performing arts center, and so on – has been of considerable value throughout history. It should also be noted that in some cultures – those in which what we refer to as “art” or “culture” in the aesthetic sense is more naturally and seamlessly woven throughout the societal/social experience – the very notion of a “cultural center” might well be considered alien or irrelevant, and certainly unnecessary. But in those societies in which cultural centers are found, it’s my view that such institutions have never been of more potentially critical importance – indeed necessity – than they are today. I say this because I believe the development of one’s own personal strategy of being has never been more critical than it is today, and that cultural centers provide entry to one of the most important aspects of human experience one can employ in the development of such a strategy. I will return to this notion later. I use the word “necessity” here with clear intent. Our world moment is overfilled with the tragic and ominously threatening. Is it possible that a single day now passes in which virtually every woman, man, and child of a certain age in our society does not have at least a passing thought on terrorism, environmental degradation, nuclear proliferation, extreme intolerance, abject poverty, or any other of a growing handful of deeply troubling issues? In the light of such circumstances, it would seem abundantly self-evident that deeply life-affirming experience should rank high on our priority list in the quest for well-being – of individuals, families, communities, societies, and our collective humanity. But it also appears that we often fail to view and actively seek out such experience as a vital counterpoint to the array of life-denying phenomena of our time. This is where the notion of “strategies of being” can step in. I borrow this notion from a brilliant art historian and colleague at the University of Illinois, Jonathan Fineberg, who incorporated it into the title of his intriguing survey of contemporary work published as “Art Since 1940: Strategies of Being.” Drawing upon his strong interest in psychology, Fineberg developed and used the concept to explore the unique
Myomectomy Following UAE

Leiomyomas may be treated with UAE followed by myomectomy in a scheduled or unscheduled manner. UAE may be scheduled immediately prior to myomectomies if the patient has large fibroids or pedunculated or subserosal myomas, or wishes to maintain an intact uterus for the possibility of pregnancy within a short time window. UAE may be beneficial in these instances because it reduces blood loss in removal of large fibroids and prevents fibroid recurrence. Patients who benefit from the combination of these procedures include young patients with a high risk of recurrence and patients wanting to achieve pregnancy immediately after 6 months of the surgery. Unscheduled myomectomies occur if the UAE fails to relieve symptoms, if prolapsed of a submucous myoma occurs, or in the event of fibroid necrosis.
A novel technique to predict non-cancer and cancer-specific mortality in men with prostate cancer.

e16608Background: Treatment decisions in localized prostate cancer hinge on an accurate estimation of patient survival, yet we lack robust survival prediction tools. Current cancer prediction model...
Voltage-Controlled, Nonreciprocal Millimeter-Wave Propagation From Magnetoelastic Membranes Infused With Aligned Nickel Microparticles

Differential Faraday rotation of the linear polarization of millimeter-wave (mmW) Gaussian beams has been observed from a magnetoelastic material system consisting of a silicone membrane that was infused with aligned nickel microparticles, mounted to a piezoelectric annulus, and immersed in a static magnetic field. The piezoelectric crystal was driven near its radial mode of resonance by an ac voltage signal so as to periodically stretch the membrane about the axis of mmW propagation. The stretching modulated the distribution of nickel microparticles and resulted in a change in magnetic properties of the material, specifically the effective Verdet constant. A customized, quasi-optical apparatus was phase locked with the ac driving signal to determine the difference in Faraday rotation due to the stretched and un-stretched states of the membrane.
Using Technology to Provide Diabetes Education for Rural Communities

Purpose: Diabetes self-management education is the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes management. With appropriate education, people living with diabetes can learn to manage their diabetes which could prevent complications. Diabetes prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. People living with diabetes in rural areas face significant challenges to care including limited access to diabetes education. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of diabetes self-management educational modules delivered via iPad devices to increase self-management knowledge levels in adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Sample: Study participants included 30 adults living with type 2 diabetes who visited health promotion clinics in rural communities. Method: This pilot study involved collaboration between nursing and engineering faculty and students. Ten diabetes self-management educational modules were developed and delivered electronically on iPad devices. The modules were presented to people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended health promotion clinics in rural communities. Participants completed a diabetes knowledge questionnaire before and after educational modules were presented. Findings: Diabetes knowledge scores showed a statistically significant increase from pre to post-educational intervention. Conclusions: Diabetes education delivered using modules on iPad devices was effective at increasing knowledge levels of people in rural areas living with type two diabetes. This may be an effective method for people living in rural areas who have limited access to healthcare and diabetes education. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, diabetes self-management education, technology, rural DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v18i2.525
Calibrations and checks of the binding-energy scales of X-ray photoelectron spectrometers

Abstract A recent paper in this journal [B. V. Crist, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. (in press)] describes current and historical calibration problems with core-electron binding energies (BEs) measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometers and how these problems affect BE data in databases. Although Crist provides useful information about the variability of reported BE values, his article is incomplete or incorrect in some historical and other details. The present article corrects and extends information in the Crist paper and provides additional information on how calibrations and checks of the BE scale should be made.
Eating Behaviors Are Associated with Body Composition and Physical Fitness Standards Failure Among US Army Soldiers (P21-042-19)

US Army Soldiers must comply with body composition (BC) and physical fitness (PF) standards as a condition for military entry and retention. Whether eating behaviors are associated with meeting these standards is unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the specific eating behaviors associated with failing BC and PF standards, and to characterize the eating behaviors and other habits of Soldiers who are high performers as defined by high PF scores and consistently meeting BC standards. Soldiers (N = 1460, 93% enlisted, 83% male, 23.5 ± 5.2 years of age with 3.5 ± 4.0 years of service) completed a questionnaire to assess their eating behaviors and history of compliance with BC and PF standards. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression models using maximum likelihood estimation were used to examine relationships between Soldiers’ eating behaviors and failing standards. Bivariate analysis was used to test differences between high (HP) and low performers (LP). Eating mostly (>50% of meals in last 7 days) at a dining facility lowered the odds of BC failure by 2.63 times (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.64); whereas, eating mostly Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MRE), eating at a fast rate, and ignoring fullness cues raised the odds by 2.23 times (95% CI: 1.15, 4.35), 2.65 times (95% CI: 1.18, 5.94) and 1.90 times (95% CI: 1.16, 3.11), respectively. Eating mostly at restaurants, being distracted while eating, and extreme hunger prior to meals, raised the odds of PF failure by 1.70 times (95% CI: 1.17, 2.48), 1.68 times (95% CI: 1.13, 2.51), and 1.55 times (95% CI: 1.08, 2.24), respectively. HP were significantly less likely than LP to eat mostly at restaurants (25% HP, 39% LP) and were significantly more likely than LP to report longer work hours (33% HP, 28% LP) (P < 0.05). Findings suggest that specific eating behaviors of Soldiers are associated with failing BC and PF standards. As eating behaviors may be modifiable, these findings could identify opportunities for improving the specificity of Army health promotion and education programs aimed at increasing force readiness and performance. US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Disclaimer: Authors’ views do not reflect official DoD or Army policy.
Electrosurgery Induced Femoral Stem Fracture in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case We present a case of a broken titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb) femoral stem 4 years after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) (head exchange M to XL for instability). Material analysis showed a superficial anomaly on the superior neck surface caused by local melting with an electrosurgical knife. This lesion presumably acted as a stress riser and was the initiation site of a fatigue fracture, with typical features on the fracture surface. Conclusions The use of electrosurgical knives in stem retaining THA revision surgery should be avoided, especially for surgical dissection in close proximity to the femoral stem.
Non‑isolated input‑series–output‑parallel three‑level buck converter

This paper proposes a non-isolated input-series–output-parallel (ISOP) three-level buck converter. A theoretical analysis indicates that it has a large step-down ratio and low component voltage stress with the input and output terminals sharing the same ground. An automatic current-balancing mechanism is revealed, and it indicates that the parasitic parameters and inductance variations influence the automatic current-balancing effect. Thus, current-balance control is necessary. Considering that the proposed topology has an ISOP configuration, two voltage-balance control strategies are proposed to realize input capacitor voltage balancing and output inductor current balancing. One is implemented based on a two-loop configuration with an output voltage loop and a voltage-balance loop. The other is developed based on a three-loop configuration by adding one inner current loop on the two-loop configuration. Finally, experimental results have been given to verify both the proposed converter and voltage-balance control.
Lymphocyte Suppression in Heart Transplant Recipients after Thymoglobulin Dosing Based on CD3+ Lymphocyte Counts

Purpose CD3 monitoring has been shown to reduce thymoglobulin drug exposure and cost. There is limited data on the long term effects of this strategy on clinical outcomes and duration of CD3 suppression. Methods A retrospective chart review was completed for adult heart transplant recipients who received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) at our center in the last year. Patients were dosed with rATG daily at 1mg/kg at physician discretion for goal CD3 Results Of the six patients included in the analysis, 5 were treated with rATG for rejection and 1 for induction. The median absolute lymphocyte count at baseline was 0.72 × 103/mcL. The rATG treatment course is summarized in Figure 1. The median cumulative rATG dose was 3.4mg/kg, given over a median of 5 days. Median follow-up after treatment was 139 days. Post-treatment cell counts are depicted in Figure 2. The CD3 count remained suppressed for at least 90 days in most patients. Changes in the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), CD4 subset, and CD8 subset paralleled that for CD3. No patient had an episode of rejection or infection requiring hospitalization during follow-up. One patient developed CMV viremia. Conclusion CD3 guided rATG dosing results in adequate persistent T-cell suppression with good clinical outcomes.
Data on the relationship of signal-to-cutoff ratio of two HIV antigen/antibody combination assays to subsequent confirmation of HIV-1 infection in a low-prevalence population

Abstract HIV-1/2 antigen/antibody (Ag/Ab) immunoassays that detect HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and HIV-1 p24 antigen are commonly used in the diagnosis of HIV-1/HIV-2 infections in human plasma/serum. Samples from patients with positive screening results require confirmation by antibody differentiation and/or HIV PCR assays. HIV screening assays are commonly reported as positive or negative based on a signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) threshold. For some HIV screening assays, the strength of the S/CO value correlates with likelihood that confirmatory testing will be positive. The data in this article provide results from two HIV Ag/Ab combination assays (Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay, a 4th generation combination assay; Bio-Rad Bioplex 2200 HIV Ag-Ab Assay, a 5th generation assay). The data include 23,331 HIV screening results, S/CO ratios, antibody differentiation or Western blot results (for samples with positive HIV screens), HIV-1 PCR results (if performed), patient location at time of testing, age, and sex. Distribution of S/CO ratios for the Bio-Rad HIV screening assay data and the distribution of S/CO values for samples with positive screening results were analyzed.
Smoking is associated with adrenal adenomas and adrenocortical carcinomas: a nationwide multicenter analysis

Abstract Microabstract The effect of smoking on adrenal cancer is poorly understood. A clear association of adrenal adenoma and adrenocortical carcinoma with smoking among the United States population is observed. This association points to the possibility of environmental carcinogenic and/or lifestyle factors contributing to adrenal cancer formation. Our results support the association of tobacco use with adrenal adenomas and adrenal cortical carcinoma. Background Smoking has been suggested as a risk factor for adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), but this hypothesis has only been inferred from a single study using all types of adrenal cancers including pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, as well as ACC. Given the high rate of tobacco use in West Virginia, we hypothesized that smoking might contribute to increased prevalence of ACC. Materials and Methods De-identified institutional review board-exempted records were analyzed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 2001-2016 and in patients from the United States nationwide, multicenter TriNetX database of 41,063,707 patients from 2008-2018. In addition, the state-level ratio of smoking to ACC prevalence was computed in all 50 states using data from SEER and the Center for Disease Control. West Virginia Health System data from 2008-2018 was extracted to confirm population-level findings. Melanoma was used as a cancer control in both databases. Results 6,946 ACC cases were identified. West Virginia had the highest smoking rate and the second highest rate of ACC. A significant association was found between smoking and ACC (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.4887, p=.0004). From 2008 to 2018 using TriNetX, 846 ACC and 36,434 AA were extracted. Both adrenal neoplasm cohorts had increased prevalence of tobacco use compared with melanoma controls, where 23.5% were smokers compared to 36.4% and 33.9% in the ACC and AA groups, respectively (p Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first United States population-based study supporting smoking as a risk factor for adrenal carcinogenesis and ACC.
The ubiquitin ligase WWP1 contributes to shifts in matrix proteolytic profiles and a myocardial aging phenotype with diastolic heart.

Heart failure (HF) with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing cause of HF and commonly afflicts the elderly. Milestones for HFpEF include diastolic dysfunction and an abnormal extracel...
Work on the neutron standards since the completion of the standards evaluation

An evaluation of the neutron standards that included the neutron cross section standards was recently completed. It is important to maintain experimental programs to increase the quality and extend the database for the neutron cross section standards in order to improve evaluations of them. In this paper work will be reported on new or continuing efforts on the cross section standards including that on the 30 keV Maxwellian averaged cross section for the 197 Au(n,γ ) reaction that is now a standard and is used in neutron capture cross section measurements as a standard for reactions important for astrophysics.
UV cancellations in gravity loop integrands

In this work we explore the properties of four-dimensional gravity integrands at large loop momenta. This analysis can not be done directly for the full off-shell integrand but only becomes well-defined on cuts that allow us to unambiguously specify labels for the loop variables. The ultraviolet region of scattering amplitudes originates from poles at infinity of the loop integrands and we show that in gravity these integrands conceal a number of surprising features. In particular, certain poles at infinity are absent which requires a conspiracy between individual Feynman integrals contributing to the amplitude. We suspect that this non-trivial behavior is a consequence of yet-to-be found symmetry or a hidden property of gravity amplitudes.
從“生物醫學模式”到“生物社會心理精神醫學模式”——西方醫學史的教訓: From Biomedicine to Biopsychosociospiritual Medicine: A Lesson in the History of Medicine in the West

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.生物－心理－社會－精神醫學在西方世界裡是一個歷史的產物。生物醫學發端於19 世紀後半葉，並在美國醫學中引發了一場大規模的醫學教育改革。這種科學的生物醫學在醫學實踐中表現出的冷冰冰的、無人格的態度，常常與病人的道德和精神需求相抵觸。為改善這種狀況，自20 世紀中葉起，醫生與倫理學家嘗試了多種方式的改革，包括生命倫理學，生物－心理－社會醫學，和生物－心理－社會－精神醫學。這些改革的共同社會歷史背景是世俗主義在美國的興起，而每一種改革也都以不同的方式試圖把握醫療照護中的超越維度，這一超越維度已被生物醫學的還原主義的態度所邊緣化。但是，因為生物醫學的科學主義態度，以上的改革都失敗了。雖然生物－心理－社會－精神醫學意圖以一種整全的方式照護病人，但是因為它仍然延續了一種科學主義的態度，以至於這種醫學模式不能滿足病人的道德和精神需求，也無法把握對病人而言超越的中心意義。Biopsychosociospiritual medicine is a product of the long history of medicine in the Western world. Biomedicine began in the latter part of the 19th century, and, by the early 20th century, major medical education reforms had mandated a revised scientific curriculum for all U.S. medical schools. These reforms resulted in reductive scientific materialism. By the mid-20th century, however, scientific biomedicine was felt to be cold and impersonal, and was often deployed against the patient’s moral and spiritual desires. From the mid-20th century onward, several reforms were attempted that fall under the rubrics of bioethics, biopsychosocial medicine, and biopsychosociospiritual medicine. These reforms took place at a time when secularism was on the rise in the U.S., and each reform attempted to capture the transcendent dimension of medical care that had been marginalized by the reductive attitude of biomedicine. However, the reforms failed because of the scientist attitude of biomedicine. Although biopsychosociospiritual medicine purports to be a comprehensive approach to patient care, because it maintains that scientist attitude it fails to consider patients’ moral and spiritual desires and or to capture the centrality of transcendence for those who are sick and in need of health care.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 73 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Resident Clinician Educator Leadership Pathway Tracks in US Radiology Programs: An ADVICER 2021 Survey Study.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this manuscript is to elucidate the prevalence, characteristics, outcomes, and perceptions of Alliance of Directors and Vice Chairs of Education in Radiology (ADVICER) members on Clinician Educator Leadership Pathway (CELP) tracks in diagnostic and interventional radiology residency programs in the United States. Materials and Methods IRB exemption was obtained for this study. A 17-question anonymous survey was administered to the ADVICER members, an Association of University Radiologists (AUR) affiliate group, via email once, and then as a reminder 14 days later. Statistical analysis occurred via built-in analytics of the survey vendor, SurveyMonkey. Results Thirty five of 72 ADVICER members (48.6%) responded to the survey. 45.7% (16/35) respondents indicated the presence of leadership or specialty pathways in their respective residencies. 28.6% of respondents indicated a CELP (10/35) in their residency programs. 92.0% of respondents endorsed CELP as preparatory for an academic career, and 93.6% endorsed development of a national CELP curriculum. Conclusion The majority of radiology residency programs do not have a CELP in their training curriculum. ADVICER leaders overwhelmingly support CELP for professional development of the future educational leaders in radiology and endorse the creation of a national CELP curriculum.
Catastrophic Anachronisms: The Past, Present and Future of Disaster Medicine

There is a worldwide spiraling risk for more frequent catastrophic events involving multiple casualties, not only in terms of acute injury and illness, but also subsequent psychological and public health concerns. Today, such events will likely be multinational in nature, even when localized to a particular venue and this require international cooperation in terms of prevention, mitigation and relief. The best approach to preparing for disasters is to expand, modify and enhance current local ∖Jobname: S34055 Batch number: 00060 infrastructures and capabilities for managing the multiple types of disaster scenarios and create a number of inter-facility cooperative agreements in advance. Aside from safer internal locations for ICUs and surgical theaters, certain structural changes will need to be installed such as modified ventilation systems, protected water supplies, decontamination mechanisms and security renovations. A key strategy will be to proliferate interoperable, multi-disciplinary, all-hazards training initiatives such as the AMA National Disaster Life Support courses. Purchases of cadres of antidotes, antibiotics and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers should be coordinated regionally, stored in secure locations and made readily-available for the applicable disaster scenario.
Individual Differences in LH and FSH Responses to Orchidectomy and Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Rams

Profiles of LH and FSH levels and pituitary LH responses to exogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) have been characterized in rams, castrated rams (wethers), and wethers implanted with testosterone. Rams were castrated when adult, and, at the time of castration, two groups of wethers were implanted with either four or eight testosterone capsules. Rams showed random pulses of LH and testosterone which were temporally related. The number of LH and testosterone pulses per 24 hours differed among rams, giving rise to large differences in the mean levels of these hormones. Mean FSH levels and pituitary LH responses to LHRH also differed among rams and were positively correlated to differences in LH levels. All three nonimplanted wethers showed a rhythmic pulsatile pattern of LH secretion and had elevated mean LH and FSH levels. There were, however, appreciable differences between wethers with regard to mean LH and FSH levels and pituitary LH responses to LHRH. Both four and eight testosterone capsules were effective in suppressing pulsatile LH secretion and mean LH and FSH levels in two out of three wethers. In a third animal within each of these groups, however, LH and FSH profiles and LH responses to LHRH were characteristic of nonimplanted wethers. These data suggest that individual rams have different inherent capacities to secrete gonadotropins which influence LH and FSH responses to castration and testosterone replacement therapy.
Biological Sequence Motif Discovery Using motif‐x

The Web-based motif-x program provides a simple interface to extract statistically significant motifs from large data sets, such as MS/MS post-translational modification data and groups of proteins that share a common biological function. Users upload data files and download results using common Web browsers on essentially any Web-compatible computer. Once submitted, data analyses are performed rapidly on an associated high-speed computer cluster and they produce both syntactic and image-based motif results and statistics. The protocols presented demonstrate the use of motif-x in three common user scenarios.
Dietary luteolin reduces proinflammatory microglia in the brain of senescent mice

Abstract Brain microglia become dysregulated during aging and express proinflammatory cytokines that play a role in cognitive aging. Recent studies suggest the flavonoid luteolin reduces neuroinflammation and improves learning and memory in aged mice. However, if dietary luteolin reduces microglia activity in the brain of senescent mice is not known. We hypothesized that feeding aged mice a diet with luteolin would reduce microglia activity. Adult (3–6 months) and aged (22–24 months) mice were fed American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93M or AIN-93M with luteolin (6 g/kg) for 4 weeks and injected intraperitoneally with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) before microglia were isolated and stained for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 for flow cytometry. In saline-treated mice fed control diet, aging increased the proportion of microglia that stained for MHC class II (<3% for adults vs. 23% for aged), IL-1β (<2% for adults vs. 25% for aged), and IL-6 (<2% for adu...
Automated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry II. The Determination of Serum Magnesium

The flow system developed for the determination of serum calcium by automated atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was adapted to the determination of serum magnesium. A comparison of the results of analyses by the present procedure and by an automated fluorometric procedure on identical serum specimens shows excellent agreement.
The Value of New: Elementary School Facility Age and Associated Housing Price

The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between elementary school facility age and single-family housing price in the Orlando, Florida metropolitan area. This is a cross-sectional...
Diverting the Legislature: Executive–Legislative Relations, the Economy, and US Uses of Force

Given distinct partisan macroeconomic preferences, the partisanship of the president or majority in Congress should influence presidential decisions to use force in the face of poor economic conditions—the diversionary use of force. But previous research posits contradictory accounts of the influence of partisanship. We seek to resolve this debate by developing a game theory model, which predicts that leaders divert when government is divided and economic conditions hurt the opposition party's constituency. Leaders seek to divert the legislature from the economy in order to prevent the legislature from passing a remedial economic bill. Analyzing US conflict behavior since World War II, we examine the conditional influence of presidential partisanship and the president's cohesive partisan support in Congress on the effects of inflation and unemployment. Consistent with the model's predictions, we find that as their cohesive partisan support in Congress declines, Democratic presidents tend to use force in response to inflation and Republican presidents tend to use force in response to unemployment.
Long-term trends in space-ground atmospheric propagation measurements

Propagation measurement campaigns are critical to characterizing the atmospheric behavior of a location and efficiently designing space-ground links. However, as global climate change affects weather patterns, the long-term trends of propagation data may be impacted over periods of decades or longer. Particularly, at high microwave frequencies (10 GHz and above), rain plays a dominant role in the attenuation statistics, and it has been observed that rain events over the past 50 years have trended toward increased frequency, intensity, and rain height. In the interest of quantifying the impact of these phenomena on long-term trends in propagation data, this paper compares two 20 GHz measurement campaigns both conducted at NASA's White Sands facility in New Mexico. The first is from the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) propagation campaign from 1994–1998, while the second is amplitude data recorded during a site test interferometer (STI) phase characterization campaign from 2009–2014.
Misdiagnosis of inclusion body myositis: two case reports and a retrospective chart review

Sporadic inclusion body myositis is the most common adult myopathy in persons aged 50 years and older. The clinical presentation includes a chronic, slowly progressive course with a predilection for weakness of the forearm flexors and quadriceps muscles. Its indolent course makes it a disease frequently missed or misdiagnosed as other neuromuscular conditions by health care professionals. The degenerative processes with amyloid accumulation distinguish sporadic inclusion body myositis from other inflammatory myopathies. Currently, no effective therapy exists. This clinical report highlights the difficulties in diagnosing the disease, examples of misdiagnosis, and inappropriate therapies that can result from misdiagnosis. We present our clinical experience with 20 patients over a 10-year period and describe in depth two cases, both men, one of Indian ethnicity and the other of Hispanic ethnicity, who were referred to our neuromuscular division for second opinions and diagnosed with sporadic inclusion body myositis years after symptom onset. Although sporadic inclusion body myositis is rare and without effective therapy, accurate diagnosis is crucial to providing adequate counseling and information about the prognosis and disease course, and to avoiding inappropriate therapy.
Passively Self-Tuning Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System

Real world systems that are candidates for vibrational energy harvesting rarely vibrate at a single frequency, nor are these frequencies constant over time. This necessitates that vibration harvesters operate over a wide bandwidth or tune their resonance. Most tunable devices require additional energy or active control to achieve resonance over various frequencies. This work presents a passively self-tuning energy harvester that autonomously adapts its resonant frequency to the input without requiring additional energy. The system consists of a clamped- clamped beam, a movable proof mass, and a piezoelectric patch bonded to the underside of the beam. It demonstrated an open-circuit voltage output of 668 mVrms at 160Hz, 0.65g input excitation. Discrepancies between displacement and voltage magnification factors upon tuning at higher frequencies are discussed, as well as instabilities of the system and sensitivity to proof mass characteristics.
Nonequilibrium self-assembly of metals on diblock copolymer templates.

Most studies of self-assembled systems reveal that the highest order is associated with equilibrium states of the system. By systematically studying metal decoration of diblock copolymer templates, I show that a high degree of order can arise under strongly nonequilibrium conditions. Under a wide range of conditions, thermally evaporated gold decorates ultrathin, asymmetric, polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate diblock copolymer films with isolated nanoparticles. These particles aggregate into nanoparticle chains inside the polystyrene block with a selectivity approaching 100%. However, even at metal loading fractions of up to 30% by volume no coalescence into continuous nanowires is observed. This behavior is also shared by indium, tin, lead, bismuth, and silver at low coverage ( 100 A nominal thickness), however, silver self-assembles to form nanowires. One can understand the formation of the chains of nanoparticles by understanding the equilibrium state of the system (metal+ polymer). The silver nanowires are highly nonequilibrium structures and, to the best of my knowledge, unexplained by existing theoretical models. Assuming an energy difference for metallic particles for either side of the diblock, a mobility difference, and an attractive interaction between metallic particles, I modeled the self-assembly of the nanowires with a Monte Carlo simulation. This Monte Carlo simulation qualitatively agrees with the formation of the silver nanowires and their relaxation to equilibrium upon moderate heating.
Diffusion of titanium of single crystal rutile

Abstract A study of the diffusion of titanium ion in titanium dioxide has been made by diffusing the radio-isotope titanium-44 into single crystal rutile at selected temperatures in the range of 900° to 1300°C. The activation energy was found to be 61,400 calories per mole and the frequency factor was calculated to be 6.4 × 10−2cmpersec. From an analysis of the magnitude of the frequency factor and from a comparison with values for the self diffusion coefficient of tin in tin oxide, it is concluded that the activation energy represents the energy of migration of the cation. Additional support for this conclusion is found from data on creep in rutile. The close agreement between the Do and Q values for titanium and oxygen diffusion in rutile suggests similar diffusion paths. The possibility of co-operation of both anion and cation defects in the diffusion of either species is discussed.
Trichinella spiralis: establishment in gnotobiotic mice affected by Bacillus mesentericus, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract The influence of selected bacteria, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and of normal host microflora on the establishment of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis infections was studied in germfree, monocontaminated, and conventional mice. Effects of the parasitic infections on packed cell volume (PCV) and differential leukocyte (WBC) counts were also examined. Significantly more adult T. spiralis were found in conventional than germfree or monocontaminated animals. Numbers of worms in the monocontaminated animals were also shown to vary with the species of bacteria present, as well as the area of the digestive tract colonized by these bacteria. Pronounced differences in PCV and differential WBC count values were not observed among the groups of animals examined.
The Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin Pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae Binds to Lipid Raft Microdomains in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for causing several human diseases including pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Pneumococcus is also a major cause of human ocular infections and is commonly isolated in cases of bacterial keratitis, an infection of the cornea. The ocular pathology that occurs during pneumococcal keratitis is partly due to the actions of pneumolysin (Ply), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin produced by pneumococcus. The lytic mechanism of Ply is a three step process beginning with surface binding to cholesterol. Multiple Ply monomers then oligomerize to form a prepore. The prepore then undergoes a conformational change that creates a large pore in the host cell membrane, resulting in cell lysis. We engineered a collection of single amino acid substitution mutants at residues (A370, A406, W433, and L460) that are crucial to the progression of the lytic mechanism and determined the effects that these mutations had on lytic function. Both PlyWT and the mutant Ply molecules (PlyA370G, PlyA370E, PlyA406G, PlyA406E, PlyW433G, PlyW433E, PlyW433F, PlyL460G, and PlyL460E) were able to bind to the surface of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with similar efficiency. Additionally, PlyWT localized to cholesterol-rich microdomains on the HCEC surface, however, only one mutant (PlyA370G) was able to duplicate this behavior. Four of the 9 mutant Ply molecules (PlyA370E, PlyW433G, PlyW433E, and PlyL460E) were deficient in oligomer formation. Lastly, all of the mutant Ply molecules, except PlyA370G, exhibited significantly impaired lytic activity on HCECs. The other 8 mutants all experienced a reduction in lytic activity, but 4 of the 8 retained the ability to oligomerize. A thorough understanding of the molecular interactions that occur between Ply and the target cell, could lead to targeted treatments aimed to reduce the pathology observed during pneumococcal keratitis.
A rational design of molecular materials

Supramolecular chemistry was used to solve two practical problems, the preparation of layered polydiacetylenes and the first ever 1,6-polymerization of a triacetylene to give a polytriacetylene Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New developments in the theory of gravity interacting with quantized fields

Renormalization in the theory of a quantized scalar field interacting with the classical Einstein gravitational field is discussed. The scalar field obeys the generalization of the Klein-Gordon equation which is conformally invariant in the limit of vanishing mass. A generalized Kasner metric corresponding to an anisotropic expansion of the universe is considered. Results obtained in collaboration with S.A. Fulling and B.L. Hu are described, which show explicitly how the infinities appearing in the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor can be absorbed through renormalization of the cosmological constant and the coefficients of a quadratic tensor appearing in a slightly generalized form of the Einstein equation. There is also a finite renormalization of the gravitational constant.