cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolated Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as Acute Epididymo-Orchitis: A Case Report

Polyarteritis Nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis typically affecting the small and medium sized blood vessels. It typically involves multiple organ systems with a wide variety of clinical presentations. Rarely, it affects only one organ of the body, also known as Isolated Polyarteritis Nodosa. Testicular involvement, although not uncommon with this disease, is rarely the first presenting sign. We present a case of a 62-year-old Caucasian male who presented with three-month history of pain, swelling and redness around the left testicular region. He was diagnosed with acute epididymo-orchitis and started on broad spectrum antibiotics. However, with progressive symptoms, the patient finally underwent left orchiectomy. Histological analysis of the excised testicle revealed features consistent with microscopic polyarteritis nodosa. The patient was subsequently started on high dose steroids resulting in resolution of his symptoms. Thus, clinicians should consider polyarteritis nodosa in cases simulating a clinical picture of acute epididymo-orchitis. doi:10.4021/jmc97w
Neuropathology in patients with multiple surgeries for medically intractable epilepsy.

Abstract Outcomes following surgery for chronic epilepsy are generally good; however, seizures persist/recur following initial surgery in some patients. We hypothesize that in patients who require multiple surgeries for intractable epilepsy, an identifiable pathologic substrate can be found in the subsequent surgical specimen, which accounts for the recurrent seizures. We retrospectively studied 102 patients (56 females) with medically intractable epilepsy who have had at least 2 surgeries more than 60 days apart from 1990-2010. Patient age at time of 1st surgery ranged from 3 months-60 years (mean 18.1 years). Mean duration of seizures prior to 1st surgery was 9.7 years. Time between the 1st and 2nd surgeries ranged from 0.28-15.3 years (mean 4.3 years). The most common pathologies at initial resection included focal cortical dysplasia (45%), tumor (19%), hippocampal sclerosis (16%), and non-specific changes (13%); 10% of patients had multiple significant pathologies. Of the 89 patients that had a significant initial surgical finding, 74 (83.1%) had a significant pathology at 2nd surgery; the same pathology was identified in 49 (66.2%) of these cases. The most commonly identified pathologies at 2nd surgery included remote infarcts (likely postoperative) (N = 51) and focal cortical dysplasia (N = 29). Three out of the 13 patients with initially non-specific findings had a significant finding at 2nd surgery, excluding postoperative infarct. Follow-up after last surgery ranged from 0.5-190 months (mean 48 months); 83% of patients were on anti-convulsive medication and 57% were seizure-free at last known follow-up. In the majority of cases of recurrent epilepsy with at least 2 surgeries (84%), pathologic findings accounting for seizures were found at the 2nd surgery. In most cases with significant initial pathology, a similar pathology was present at 2nd surgery (55%). Post-operative contusional damage may account for persistent seizures following initial surgery in a subset of patients.
Phase Equilibria in the System CaF2‐AlF3

The phase diagram of the system CaF2-AlF3 was established from microscopic, powder X-ray diffraction, quench, and DTA data obtained from samples encapsulated in sealed Pt tubes and either reacted in the solid state or melted. Two compounds, CaAlF5 and Ca2AlF7, melted incongruently at 873°° 3° and 845°°3°C, respectively. Previously unreported Ca2AlF7 was successfully indexed as orthorhombic with α0= 18.22 A, b0=9.06 A, and c0= 7.11 A. The only eutectic in the system exists at 836°° 3°C and 37.5 mol% AlF3.
Dehydrogenation. Dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine) dichlorodirhodium formation from ethylenyl moieties and tris(triphenylphosphine)chlororhodium

On reporte une nouvelle source d'hydrogene pour la preparation des dihydrures de Rh(III). Donnees RMN
Paul's Reversal of Jews Calling Gentiles 'Dogs' (Philippians 3:2): 1600 Years of an Ideological Tale Wagging an Exegetical Dog?

The commentary tradition on Philippians 3:2 (and on Matt. 15 and Mark 7 too) has been claiming at least since Chrysostom that Jews commonly called Gentiles dogs, thereby legitimating a pattern of calling Jews dogs. Contemporary commentaries indicate no awareness of the harmful legacy or the continued implications of the polemic to which it contributes when perpetuating this invective. Moreover, evidence of this supposed common prejudice is often not provided, and when it is, usually consists of sayings attributed to Jesus and the Syro-Phoenician or Canaanite woman—thus available to us only in documents that post-date Paul, representing early "Christian" polemic. In addition to being anachronistic and not likely known to Paul's audience in Philippi, upon examination, it is also not clear that these Gospel sayings provide the proof supposed. Sometimes an appeal is made to Psalm 22 and other Jewish texts, but under examination, none of these substantiate the claim. Likewise, the many supposed cases in rabbinic literature—which could only provide anachronistic evidence at best—do not in fact substantiate that Jews ever called Gentiles dogs, much less that Jews commonly did so, even long after Christians habitually called Jews dogs. This essay examines the texts and challenges the interpretive tradition's claims, as well as its failure to exhibit hermeneutical distance when repeating this supposed invective against Jews and Judaism. Having exposed this ideological tale, several exegetical options worth exploring are noted.
Effect of sympathetic input on ontogeny of β-adrenergic receptors in rat pineal gland

Abstract The ontogeny of beta-adrenergic receptors was investigated in the pineal glands of rats 1–64 days of age. The density of beta-receptors increased about 3-fold between 1 and 16 days of age and decreased slightly by 64 days, correlating temporally with the development of the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to norepinephrine in pineal gland. Preventing adrenergic innervation of the pineal gland by neonatal ganglionectomy or decentralization failed to prevent the development of beta-adrenergic receptors in pineal gland. Bilateral adrenal demedullation alone or in combination with ganglionectomy also failed to prevent the normal developmental increase of betareceptors in the gland. These results, showing that the ontogeny of pineal beta-receptors correlates temporally with that of the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to adrenergic neurohormones, support the hypothesis that the responsiveness of tissues to beta-agonists is dependent on the development of the beta-receptor. In addition, these experiments show that the beta-adrenergic receptor can develop even in the absence of sympathetic innervation or circulating catecholamines produced by the adrenal medullae.
Effects of steroids on epiphysiodiaphysial union in prepuberal mice.

A procedure for evaluating bone age in 4-week-old mice is described, based on examination under magnification of the alizarin-stained hindfoot, which at this age contains a number of areas undergoing epiphysiodiaphysial union. Untreated females were 4.6 % ahead of males in bone age at 27 days of age. The activities of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and testosterone in advancing bone maturation in intact female mice were not significantly different throughout the dose range tested. The maximal advance in bone age produced by the steroids was 25%. Both steroids were active in ovariectomized as well as in intact mice. Since the virilizing activity of DHA in these mice was much less than that of testosterone, it is concluded that DHA is able to exert an effect on bone maturation with much less virilization that would be associated with an equivalent effect on bone if produced by testosterone.
The number of product-weighted lead codes for ballots and its relation to the ursell functions of the linear ising model

Abstract The number of lead codes (defined below) for ballots ending in a tie after 2n votes, and weighted by the product of code elements is shown to be the tangent number Tn. The proof also yields a simple expression for the Ursell functions of the linear Ising model, which is used to show (−1)n+1U2n(·) ⩾ 0 in the ferromagnetic case.
Chemical basis for diversity in antibody specificity analysed by hapten binding to monoclonal anti-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl (NP) immunoglobulins.

Anti-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl (NP)† monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybrid cell lines obtained by fusion of NSl myeloma cells with lymphocytes from spleens of C57BL/6 mice immunized with NP conjugated with chicken immunoglobulin (NP-CG). Equilibrium constants of four purified immunoglobulins for N125IP-e-aminocaproate, measured by equilibrium dialysis at 4°C, ranged from 1.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−7M. In order to probe fine-specificity differences, binding constants were measured for a group of structural analogs of NP. This study showed that all four antibodies were heteroclitic and bound the iodo group of NIP-e-aminocaproate with similar affinities, while the affinity constants for the e-aminocaproate moiety varied widely. The free energies of binding for iodo group and the side-chain moieties were additive, whereas those for the hydroxy and nitro groups were not. Three of the immunoglobulins bound the aromatic ring system of NIP-e-aminocaproate similarly, but less effectively than the fourth antibody. The data suggest that anti-NP active sites of diverse specificities were generated on the basis of additive interactions with multiple subsites.
Topography of sinuous rilles in the Harbinger Mountains region of the moon

Five sinuous rilles occur in mare basalts in the Harbinger Mountains region of the Moon. Complete and accurate topographic data, now available for the first time, make possible a detailed topographic study of these rilles. Rille length ranges from 12 to 79 km and width from 0.8 to 4.8 km. Depth varies from 100 to 300 m and the rilles appear to become shallower to the north. The southern ends of the rilles are characterized by circular to elongate depressions that occur on a 30 km in diameter dome of probable volcanic origin. Longitudinal profiles show that the rille floors have a northward slope of less than one degree. This slope is consistent with the general slope of the surrounding mare surface. Structural studies indicate that slope rather than the regional structural pattern is the dominant factor controlling rille direction. Topographic data lend support to the theory that the rilles were formed as lava channels or tubes.
A classification scheme for homogeneous metal catalyzed oxidations by O2

Abstract The metal complex catalyzed oxidation of organic substrates is an important area of chemistry with relevance to biological and industrial processes. The immense literature in the area can be overwhelming with considerable speculation concerning the role metals play in the process. In this article, the reactions metal complexes undergo in the activation of O2 are divided into five classes. The classification serves as a guide for the selection of metal complexes to catalyze the oxidation of organic substrates. It also provides a summary of established reaction types for an investigator to consider before proposing a new mechanism.
Gas chromatographic determination of carbon dioxide in non‐fat dry milk during non‐enzymic browning reaction

Carbon dioxide formation in non-fat dry milk during accelerated non-enzymic browning reaction was determined by gas chromatography. Carbon dioxide content in the headspace of the sample bottle increased as the non-enzymic browning reaction increased. Non-fat dry milk containing added 0, 15 or 30 g kg−1 lysine in the air-tight serum bottle was stored at 55, 65 or 75°C. The coefficients of variation for reflective spectroscopic brown colour measurement and GC carbon dioxide determination were 1.37% and 1.30%, respectively. The average correlation coefficient between brown colour development and carbon dioxide formation for the nine samples during storage was 0.96. The simple, fast and reproducible gas chromatographic carbon dioxide determination method could be used to study non-enzymic browning reactions in foods or to complement other analytical methods in measuring the non-enzymic browning reaction.
Monte carlo calculations for the mechanical relaxation of a self-assembled monolayer and for the structures of alkane/metal interfaces

Configurational-bias Monte Carlo calculations have been used to study the mechanical relaxation of a monolayer of CH3(CH2)15S admolecules on a gold substrate when subjected to indentation by a force-microscope tip. Compression leads to substantial but reversible changes in molecular tilt angle and chain conformations. The same Monte Carlo technique has been used to probe the structural properties of liquid hexadecane films in contact with a flat metal substrate.
Factors Associated with Medical Knowledge Acquisition During Internal Medicine Residency

BACKGROUND Knowledge acquisition is a goal of residency and is measurable by in-training exams. Little is known about factors associated with medical knowledge acquisition.
Germplasm evaluation and transfer of Verticillium wilt resistance from Pima ( Gossypium barbadense ) to Upland cotton ( G. hirsutum )

Verticillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae) is a worldwide destructive soil-borne fungal disease and employment of VW resistant cultivars is the most economic and efficient method in sustainable cotton production. However, information concerning VW resistance in current commercial cotton cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton is lacking. The objective of the current study was to report findings in evaluating commercial cotton cultivars and germplasm lines for VW resistance in field and greenhouse (GH) experiments conducted in 2003, 2006, and 2007. In the study, 267 cultivars and germplasm lines were screened in the GH, while 357 genotypes were screened in the field. The results indicated that (1) VW significantly reduced cotton yield, lint percentage, 50% span length and micronaire, but not 2.5% span length and fiber strength, when healthy and diseased plants in 23 cultivars were compared; (2) some commercial cotton cultivars developed by major cotton seed companies in the US displayed good VW resistance; (3) many Acala cotton cultivars released in the past also had good VW resistance, but not all Acala cotton germplasm are resistant; (4) Pima cotton possessed higher levels of VW resistance than Upland cotton, but the performance was reversed when the root system was wounded after inoculation; (5) VW resistance in some conventional cultivars was transferred into their transgenic version through backcrossing; and (6) some advanced backcross inbred lines developed from a cross between Upland and Pima cotton showed good VW resistance. The successful development of VW resistant transgenic cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima to Upland cotton implies that VW resistance is associated with a few genes if not a major one.
Factors influencing the yield of satellite DNA in extractions from Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster adults and embryos

The application of different DNA extraction methods to identical batches of Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster flies or embryos has revealed that the ionic strength of a homogenization medium is of critical importance if chloroform extractions are performed. The low yield of satellite DNA after homogenization in low salt buffers is less severe if EDTA is included in the buffer. Phenol extraction procedures result in no such differential behavior of satellite and main band DNA, but under certain circumstances a particular satellite fraction of Drosophila virilis DNA may be lost.
Predicting PSA response of prostate cancer to radiation therapy with Doppler sonography.

Objective. We report a prospective investigation of the correlation between pretreatment Doppler vascular density (DVD) of the entire prostate gland and subsequent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response following external beam radiation therapy, for patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This report updates a previous report (Sehgal et al., Acad Radiol 2003;10:366) with longer patient follow-up and additional quantitative and clinically relevant end points. Methods. Before radiation therapy, we imaged 12 patients with transrectal Doppler sonography and measured the mean DVD of the prostate for each. For analysis, patients were separated into 3 groups by low, intermediate, and high DVD. The mean DVD for each group was linearly correlated with mean values for time above a PSA threshold of 1.0 ng/ml, post-therapy plateau PSA, and nadir PSA. Results. We previously observed that pretreatment mean DVD had a strong inverse correlation with initial rate of post-therapy decline in PSA. With substantially longer follow-up on the same cohort of patients (median, 52 months), we now observe that pretreatment mean DVD also correlates with post-therapy nadir PSA (R = 0.94) and with time above a PSA threshold of 1.0 ng/mL (R = 0.99). Conclusion. The results of the current study are consistent with our earlier suggestion that pretreatment measurement of DVD of the entire prostate gland may be a clinically useful prognostic indicator in early prostate cancer treated with radiation. However, additional data from larger numbers of patients are needed to draw firm conclusions © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Multifocal motor neuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) was first described in 1988 as a purely motor neuropathy affecting multiple motor nerves. The diagnosis was based entirely on demonstrating electrophysiological evidence of a conduction block (CB) that selectively affected motor axons, with sparing of sensory axons even through the site of motor CB. Subsequently, a similar disorder was reported but with absence of demonstrable CB on routine nerve conduction studies and there is still some debate as to whether MMN without CB is related to MMN. MMN is thought to be an inflammatory neuropathy related to an immune attack on motor nerves. The conventional hypothesis is that the primary pathology is segmental demyelination, but recent research raises the possibility of a primary axonopathy. Anti-GM1 antibodies can be found in some patients but it is unclear whether these antibodies are pathogenic. Intravenous immunoglobulin is the mainstay of treatment but other immunosuppressive treatments can also be effective.
The collision between the Gulf Stream and warm-core rings

Abstract A non-linear two-layer model (with one active layer and one stagnant layer) is used to explain features frequently observed during ring-Gulf Stream interaction. Attention is focused on the narrow bands (∼ 10 to 15 km) of Gulf Stream water which frequently envelop the colliding ring. The Gulf Stream is represented by an upper layer with a surfacing interface (front) on the north side, and the colliding ring is represented by a solid cylinder. Conceptually, the following steps are viewed as possible analogues to the actual ring-Stream interaction. Initially, the cylinder (ring) drifts toward the Stream in the Slope Water. Subsequently, it is pushed slightly into the frontal region and is then fixed. The resulting events that occur in the vicinity of the cylinder are examined and analytical solutions are constructed using power series expansions and integrated equations. It is found that even the slightest penetration of the cylinder into the Gulf Stream frontal region causes an intrusion of Gulft water along the cylinder. Namely, as the cylinder is pushed into the Stream, a band of Gulf Stream water starts flowing along the cylinder upstream side. This band continues to intrude along the cylinder perimeter (in a clockwise manner) until it ultimately reattaches itself to the Gulf Stream in the downstream side. A short time after reattachment, a steady state is attained; namely, the cylinder is completely surrounded by Gulf Stream water and time-dependent motions cease. The detailed structure of this steady state is computed using the integrated moment of momentum.
Sexual Imagery in Goethe's Faust II

From the perspective of literary and intellectual history, Goethe's Faust II is one of the most complex works of modern literature. Formally, the work integrates rather diverse aesthetic traditions, attempting to bridge the gap between the mythological and literary beginnings of Western culture in ancient times on the one hand, and the most recent discussions concerning the Romantic concept of "Universalpoesie" on the other. On the level of content, the number of possible intertextual references seems almost infinite. They include the fields of science and pseudo-science, economy, philosophy, and literature of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Baroque, the Enlightenment, and Romanticism. The following pages present a reading of Goethe's Faust II that focuses on one specific string of images among these intertextual references. Although the assumption exists in the secondary literature on Faust II that the principle of creation is the drama's main subject (Emrich 432), little or no attention has been given to the question of when and how Goethe uses sexual imagery in Faust II to illustrate his views on that subject. "Sexual imagery" will be understood here to refer primarily to images related to procreation. However, it will also be demonstrated that these images are, in a broader context, related to questions of body, sex, and gender – and above all to concepts of the relationships between these categories. "Sex" in this context means a biological conception of the body as either feminine, masculine, or both; "gender" is understood as the social constructs of femininity, masculinity, or androgyny. Of course, such an exact distinction between "sex" and "gender" is more problematic than these definitions seem to suggest. On the one hand, a cultural and social element is always present in supposedly "pure" biological constructions of the body. On the other hand, the social constructs of femininity, masculinity, or androgyny are unthinkable – as we will see in a moment – without their corresponding contemporary biological equivalents. This interpretation will first examine the backgrounds of the diverse images in Faust II related to reproduction and sex, and will also reconstruct some of the historical contexts of those images. Secondly, the manner in which the different categories of images dealing with procreation and sex relate to one another within the text will be addressed. The aim of this paper, finally, is a better understanding of what is meant by "[d]as
Effects of trainer expressiveness, seductive details, and trainee goal orientation on training outcomes

This study focuses on trainer expressiveness and trainee mastery orientation within the context of the seductive details effect. The seductive details effect refers to inclusion of “highly interesting and entertaining information that is only tangentially related to the topic” (Harp & Mayer, 1998, p. 1). One hundred thirty-two participants listened to lectures that differed in seductive details and trainer expressiveness. Results indicated that participants had the highest problem-solving score after an expressive, seductive-details lecture. High-mastery participants in the nonseductive/expressive condition did best on recall.
Xenopus Cep57 Is a Novel Kinetochore Component Involved in Microtubule Attachment

For chromosomes to congress and segregate during cell division, kinetochores must form stable attachments with spindle microtubules. We find that the centrosome protein, xCep57, localizes to kinetochores and interacts with the kinetochore proteins Zwint, Mis12, and CLIP-170. Immunodepletion of xCep57 from egg extracts yields weakened and elongated bipolar spindles which fail to align chromosomes. In the absence of xCep57, tension is lost between sister kinetochores, and spindle microtubules are no longer resistant to low doses of nocodazole. xCep57 inhibition on isolated mitotic chromosomes inhibits kinetochore-microtubule binding in vitro. xCep57 also interacts with γ-tubulin. In xCep57 immunodepleted extracts, sperm centrosomes nucleate with normal kinetics, but are unable maintain microtubule anchorage. This characterization places xCep57 in a novel class of proteins required for stable microtubule attachments at the kinetochore and at the centrosome and suggests that the mechanism of microtubule binding at these two places is mechanistically similar.
Real-time pitch detection on the PDA for cochlear implant applications

There is currently a need in cochlear implants to develop speech coding algorithms that provide better access to pitch cues, known to be critical for music perception. Such algorithms require an estimate of the fundamental frequency (FO). This paper presents the implementation of a real-time pitch (FO) detector on a personal digital assistant (PDA). The pitch detection algorithm is based on the autocorrelation function and is implemented real-time on a Dell AXIM pocket PC. Its performance, in terms of FO accuracy, is compared against that obtained by the pitch detection algorithm used in STRAIGHT. The implementation details and real-time performance measurements are also provided.
Association of rectal toxicity with thermal dose parameters in treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer with radiation and hyperthermia.

Abstract Purpose : Although hyperthermia has been used for more than two decades in the treatment of pelvic tumors, little is known about the potential impact of heat on rectal toxicity when combined with other treatment modalities. Because rectal toxicity is a concern with radiation and may be exacerbated by hyperthermia, definition of the association of thermal dose parameters with rectal toxicity is important. In this report, we correlate rectal toxicity with thermal dose parameters for patients treated with hyperthermia and radiation for prostate cancer. Methods and Materials : Thirty patients with T2b-T3b disease (1992 American Joint Committee On Cancer criteria) enrolled in a Phase II study of external beam radiation ± androgen-suppressive therapy with two transrectal ultrasound hyperthermia treatments were assessed for rectal toxicity. Prostatic and anterior rectal wall temperatures were monitored for all treatments. Rectal wall temperatures were limited to 40°C in 19 patients, 41°C in 3 patients, and 42°C in 8 patients. Logistic regression was used to estimate the log hazard of developing National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Grade 2 toxicity based on temperature parameters. The following were calculated: hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals, p values for statistical significance of each parameter, and proportion of variability explained for each parameter. Results : Gastrointestinal toxicity was limited to Grade 2. The rate of acute Grade 2 proctitis was greater for patients with an allowable rectal wall temperature of >40°C. In this group, 7 of 11 patients experienced acute Grade 2 proctitis, as opposed to 3 of 19 patients in the group with rectal wall temperatures limited to 40°C (p = 0.004). Preliminary assessment of long-term toxicity revealed no differences in toxicity. Hazard ratios for acute Grade 2 proctitis for allowable rectal wall temperature, average rectal wall Tmax, and average prostate Tmax were 9.33 (p = 0.01), 3.66 (p = 0.03), and 2.29 (p = 0.08), respectively. A model combining these three parameters explained 48.6% of the variability among groups. Conclusion : Rectal toxicity correlates with maximum allowable rectal wall temperature, average rectal wall Tmax, and average prostate Tmax for patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound hyperthermia combined with radiation for treatment of advanced clinically localized prostate cancer. Further definition of this association of thermal dose parameters with rectal toxicity in treatment of pelvic malignancies with hyperthermia should advance the goal of delivering thermal therapy in an effective yet safe manner.
Factors associated with the provision of hospice care for children

Context. Children at the end of life often lack access to hospice care at home or in a dedicated facility. The factors that may influence whether or not hospices provide pediatric care are relatively unknown. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to understand the institutional and resource factors associated with provision of pediatric hospice care. Methods. This study used a retrospective, longitudinal design. The main data source was the 2002 to 2008 California State Hospice Utilization Data Files. The sample size was 311 hospices or 1368 hospice observations over seven years. Drawing on institutional and resource dependence theory, this study used generalized estimating equations to examine the institutional and resource factors associated with provision of pediatric hospice care. Interaction terms were included to assess the moderating effect of resource factors on the relationship between institutional factors and provision of care. Results. Membership in professional groups increased the probability (19%) of offering hospice services for children. Small- (� 22%) and medium-sized (� 11%) hospices were less likely to provide care for children. The probability of providing pediatric hospice care diminished (� 23%) when competition increased in the prior year. Additionally, small size attenuated the accreditation-provision relationship and medium size magnified the membership-provision relationship. Conclusion. Professional membership may promote conformity to industry standards of pediatric care and remove the unknowns of providing hospice care for children. Hospices, especially medium-sized hospices, interested in developing or expanding care for children may benefit by identifying a pediatric champion to join a professional group. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013;45:701e711. 2013 U.S.
Alternating amaurosis fugax and temporal arteritis

Purpose To describe a patient with alternating amaurosis fugax and the importance of this condition in diagnosing temporal arteritis. Methods Case report of a 77-year-old man who had numerous episodes of transient alternating loss of vision for several days. Results Temporal artery biopsy showed vasculitis with a giant cell component. Conclusions Alternating amaurosis fugax in an elderly patient suggests arteritis rather than atheromatous disease, and temporal artery biopsy should be considered.
Theory and operation of a GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs superlattice phototransistor with controlled avalanche gain

The principle of operation of a bipolar transistor with controlled multiplication of one type of carrier is outlined. The ideal device, with a few periods of a staircase superlattice in the base-collector depletion region, has high current outputs at extremely low bias voltages and high current gains. The principle is experimentally demonstrated in a GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs phototransistor where three periods of a periodic pseudomorphic structure, in which electrons should predominantly multiply, are included in the collector depletion region. Independent measurements of the electron and hole avalanche multiplication rates, M/sub n/ and M/sub p/, in these structures confirm that M/sub n//M/sub p/M/sub n//M/sub p/ and alpha / beta are approximately 2-4, depending on bias voltage. The observed photocurrent characteristics agree reasonably well with Monte Carlo calculations made to simulate the transport of electrons through the collector region. Measured optical gains are as high as 142 in an n-p-n phototransistor with a 2000-AA p-base region. >
Genomic Distribution of Maize Facultative Heterochromatin Marked by Trimethylation of H3K27

Trimethylation of histone H3 Lys-27 (H3K27me3) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during plant and animal development. We characterized the genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 in five developmentally distinct tissues in maize (Zea mays) plants of two genetic backgrounds, B73 and Mo17. There were more substantial differences in the genome-wide profile of H3K27me3 between different tissues than between the two genotypes. The tissue-specific patterns of H3K27me3 were often associated with differences in gene expression among the tissues and most of the imprinted genes that are expressed solely from the paternal allele in endosperm are targets of H3K27me3. A comparison of the H3K27me3 targets in rice (Oryza sativa), maize, and Arabidopsis thaliana provided evidence for conservation of the H3K27me3 targets among plant species. However, there was limited evidence for conserved targeting of H3K27me3 in the two maize subgenomes derived from whole-genome duplication, suggesting the potential for subfunctionalization of chromatin regulation of paralogs. Genomic profiling of H3K27me3 in loss-of-function mutant lines for Maize Enhancer of zeste-like2 (Mez2) and Mez3, two of the three putative H3K27me3 methyltransferases present in the maize genome, suggested partial redundancy of this gene family for maintaining H3K27me3 patterns. Only a portion of the targets of H3K27me3 required Mez2 and/or Mez3, and there was limited evidence for functional consequences of H3K27me3 at these targets.
The Internal Structure and Ecological Context of Coparenting: A Framework for Research and Intervention

Research on coparenting has grown over the past decade, supporting a view of coparenting as a central element of family life that influences parental adjustment, parenting, and child outcomes. This article introduces a multi-domain conception of coparenting that organizes existing research and paves the way for future research and intervention. This article advances a conceptualization of how coparenting domains influence parental adjustment, parenting, and child adjustment. An ecological model that outlines influences on coparenting relationships, as well as mediating and moderating pathways, is described. Areas of future research in the developmental course of coparenting relationships are noted.
A research and development effort in developing the optimal formulations for new tablet drugs using design of experiments: part 1 (dissolution comparisons)

Growth in clinical or market demand for tablet drugs often provides the impetus for increasing the scale of production. Pharmaceutical formulation optimisation is conducted initially to find the optimal combination of inactive ingredients, but changes of formulations may occur as consequence of scale-up. In this case, in vitro dissolution comparisons may need to be performed so as to demonstrate the equivalent safety and efficacy of pre-change and post-change formulations. Therefore, formulation optimisation is necessary to determine the levels of composition aimed at ensuring the equivalent safety and efficacy for the changed formulation, while meeting all related regulatory constraints. This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive formulation optimisation procedure incorporating design of experiments techniques under different levels of scale-up changes in ingredients and biopharmaceutics classifications. Various FDA regulations and evaluation methods are investigated in order to model the optimisation scheme. Numerical examples are given in order to investigate the feasibility of the proposed methodology in solving the formulation optimisation problem for scale-up changes in composition.
Unified Semantics of Singular Terms

Singular-term semantics has been intractable. Frege took the referents of singular terms to be their semantic values. On his account, vacuous terms lacked values. Russell separated the semantics of definite descriptions from the semantics of proper names, which caused truth-values to be composed in two different ways and still left vacuous names without values. Montague gave all noun phrases sets of verb-phrase extensions for values, which created type mismatches when noun phrases were objects and still left vacuous names without values. There is a single type of value for all noun phrases that dissolves the difficulties which have beset singular-term semantics.
Designing organizational interfaces

This paper argues that it will become increasingly important to extend our concept of user interfaces for individual users of computers to include organizational interfaces for groups of users. A number of suggestions are given for how to develop a theoretical base for designing such interfaces. For instance, examples are used to illustrate how traditional cognitive points of view can be extended to include information processing by multiple agents in organizations. Examples of design implications from other perspectives such as motivational, economic, and political are also included.
Influence of a Gulf Stream warm-core ring on water mass and chlorophyll distributions along the southern flank of Georges Bank

During late spring 1997, a Gulf Stream warm-core ring (WCR) strongly in#uenced water mass and chlorophyll distributions along the southern #ank of Georges Bank. Entrainment of Georges Bank shelf water by the WCR, centered at the central southern #ank, persisted through May. By late May, shelf water encircled nearly the entire WCR, and horizontal convergence toward the central southern #ank was evident. Scotian Shelf water (SSW) extended across Northeast Channel, onto Georges Bank near the northeast peak, and along the southern #ank between the 60-m isobath and the shelfbreak front. SSW extended furthest southwest along the southern #ank shelfbreak. Satellite imagery from the ocean color and temperature sensor (OCTS) showed that by late May, in addition to the high chlorophyll concentrations within the entrained shelf water encircling the WCR, pigment rich bands of chlorophyll developed along the 60- and 100-m isobaths. Where this biological enhancement developed along ’100 km of the shelfbreak (100-m isobath), shelf waters extended furthest seaward due to entrainment by the WCR. The enhanced shelfbreak chlorophyll was sampled in situ along two transects separated by +40 km along shelf. Along both transects, the enhanced chlorophyll coincided with divergent cross-shelf#ow, maximum along-shelf#ow and minimum surface temperature. Coincidence of the highest surface chlorophyll and lowest surface temperature with divergent cross-shelf #ow is consistent with upwelling. Coincidence with along-shelf jets and their associated vertical shear is consistent with turbulent vertical mixing. The importance of turbulent vertical mixing was supported. Maximum velocity at the shelfbreak coincided with the subsurface temperature minimum of SSW near 30-m depth. Estimated gradient Richardson numbers (Ri) above the SSW were below critical ((0.25) within the shelfbreak chlorophyll maximum along both transects, and surface chlorophyll was signi"cantly, inversely correlated with Ri along the southern#ank. WCR entrainment of shelf water continued into June as
Functional brain imaging in the resting state and during activation in Alzheimer's disease. Implications for disease mechanisms involving oxidative phosphorylation.

: In vivo brain imaging of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrates progressive reductions in resting-state brain glucose metabolism and blood flow in relation to dementia severity, more so in association than primary cortical regions. During cognitive or psychophysical stimulation, blood flow and metabolism in the affected regions can increase to the same extent in mildly demented AD patients as in age-matched controls, suggesting that energy delivery is not rate limiting. Activation declines with dementia severity, and is markedly reduced in severely demented patients. These results suggest that there is an initial “normal” functionally-responsive stage in AD, followed by a late less responsive stage. Studies of biopsied and postmortem brain indicate that the initial stage is accompanied by selective and potentially reversible down-regulation of the brain enzymes, including cytochrome oxidase, which mediate mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation.
The Consequences of Information: Institutional Implications of Technological Change, by Jannis Kallinikos. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2006. $35.00 paper/$95.00 cloth. ISBN 978-1-84720-500-1 paper/978-1-84542-328-5 cloth

One of the daunting questions facing social science is the relationship between the micro and the macro—between the individual and the collective, the local and the global, situated activity and so...
The impact of technology scaling on ESD robustness of aluminum and copper interconnects in advanced semiconductor technologies

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing results of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) interconnect wires and vias for advanced semiconductor technologies demonstrate that interconnects will be a limiting failure mechanism in the future for ESD robustness of semiconductor chips. Comparison of Cu and Al interconnect and vias ESD robustness and failure mechanisms will be shown. Results demonstrate an improvement in the ESD robustness of a Cu-based interconnect system, compared to Al-based interconnects, with an improvement in the critical current density, J/sub crit/, in the human body and machine model time regimes.
What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged

Motor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.
Assessing Vulnerabilities in Apache and IIS HTTP Servers

We examine the feasibility of quantitatively characterizing the vulnerabilities in the two major HTTP servers. In particular, we investigate the applicability of quantitative empirical models to the vulnerabilities discovery process for these servers. Such models can allow us to predict the number of vulnerabilities that may potentially be present in a server but may not yet have been found. The data on vulnerabilities found in the two servers is mined and analyzed. We explore the applicability of a time-based and an effort-based vulnerability discovery model. The effort-based model requires data of the current market-share of a server. Both models have been successfully used for vulnerabilities in the major operating systems. Our results show that both vulnerabilities discovery models fit the data for the HTTP servers well. We also examine a separate classification schemes for server vulnerabilities that based on the source of error, and then explore the applicability of the quantitative methods to individual classes.
Intimate Partner Violence in Colombia: Who Is at Risk?

The role that domestic violence plays in perpetuating poverty is often overlooked as a development issue. Using data from the 2005 Demographic Health Survey, this paper examines the prevalence of intimate partner violence in Colombia. Employing an intrahousehold bargaining framework and a bivariate probit model, it assesses the prevalence of and risk factors for physical and emotional intimate partner violence, including such variables as income, education, gender-based intrahousehold decision making, employment, migration related to armed conflict and child maltreatment. The findings of the study particularly underscore the effects of early childhood maltreatment on domestic violence and the need for policy measures that span the life cycle and include families. Its recommendations for policy makers and researchers take into consideration practical, theoretical and methodological issues.
Factors Influencing Hospital Transport of Patients in Continuing Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Study objective: Prior research has established the futility of continued resuscitation efforts for patients in cardiac arrest who fail to respond to out-of-hospital advanced cardiac life support. Determination of both medical and nonmedical factors resulting in the transport of patients in continuing cardiac arrest to the hospital may encourage the development of new systems or strategies to increase the appropriateness of these transports. Methods: The attending paramedic completed a prospective survey after unsuccessful resuscitation efforts in our urban, hospital-based, two-tier emergency medical services (EMS) system. All nontraumatic adult arrests were included unless they were clearly noncardiac in nature. Results: Paramedics responded to 259 cardiac arrests between September 12, 1996, and April 31, 1997. Seventy-nine patients were pronounced dead without resuscitation efforts. Of the remaining 180 patients, 44 had return of spontaneous circulation and were transported to the hospital, 68 were pronounced dead in the field, and 68 were transported to the hospital in continuing cardiac arrest. The 68 patients transported while in cardiac arrest are the focus of this study. Rare problems with field termination were identified. Reasons for transport of the 68 patients in continuing cardiac arrest included arrest in ambulance or going to ambulance (n=6), arrest in a public place (n=17), environmental factors (n=6), road hazard to paramedics (n=1), possible reversible cause (n=4), persistent ventricular dysrhythmia (n=5), no intravenous access (n=5), airway difficulties (n=5), family unable to accept field termination (n=3), cultural or language barrier (n=1), EMS physician ordered transport (n=1), and obesity (n=1). A protocol allowing pronouncement of death in the ambulance and transport of the body to a designated area could have prevented lights-and-siren transport to the emergency department in 24 of the 68 cases. Conclusion: Factors other than medical ones often influence the decision to transport patients in continuing cardiac arrest. In our urban system, physician, medical examiner, and paramedic education and protocols were needed to aid decisionmaking in this situation. [Hick JL, Mahoney BD, Lappe M: Factors influencing hospital transport of patients in continuing cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med July 1998;32:19-25.]
Real-time American Sign Language recognition from video using hidden Markov models

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been used prominently and successfully in speech recognition and, more recently, in handwriting recognition. Consequently, they seem ideal for visual recognition of complex, structured hand gestures such as are found in sign language. We describe a real-time HMM-based system for recognizing sentence level American Sign Language (ASL) which attains a word accuracy of 99.2% without explicitly modeling the fingers.