cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RF Systems on Antenna (SoA): a Novel Integration Approach Enabled by Additive Manufacturing

This paper introduces for the first time, the novel concept of the system-on-antenna (SoA) which incorporates the ideas behind system-on-chip (SoC), system-on-package (SoP) and on-chip/package antennas, to create a new generation of fully integrated RF modules. This concept is only achievable using additive manufacturing, which is a rapid, on-demand and low cost fabrication technology. Instead of wasting valuable wafer or packaging area to create antennas, a novel method using 3D and inkjet-printing was utilized to embed a Ku-band radar module into a 10dBi horn antenna. The uniqueness of this system, lies in the fact that SoA topologies can be easily fabricated using additive manufacuturing, but unfeasible utilizing traditional fabrication techniques. This design methodology allows antennas to be compactly integrated within RF modules and sets the foundation for on-demand customizable SoA modules for a multitude of applications ranging from 5G+ and IoT to implanted medical and wearable applications.
Social Disconnection in Late Life Suicide: An NIMH Workshop on State of the Research in Identifying Mechanisms, Treatment Targets, and Interventions

Both social disconnection and suicide are significant public health concerns among older adults, and social disconnection is associated with greater risk for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in late life. We present a synthesis of research discussed during a workshop hosted by the National Institute of Mental Health on social disconnection and late-life suicide. Social disconnection is related to suicide risk in late life via a variety of mechanisms, including biological, behavioral, and psychological correlates. Researchers in several scientific fields have begun to establish these connections and identify targets for interventions to reduce risk in late life. While research has demonstrated that social connection is amenable to change, there is little research to date on the most evidence-based interventions to mitigate social disconnection or the related risks. However, there are several promising biological, behavioral, and psychological interventions that may target various mechanisms, as well as social disconnection itself. With a relative paucity of research in this area, these lines of study are ripe for innovative investigation. In order to most effectively advance the field, we must establish more consistent definitions of social connection and disconnection; more accurately measure and assess older adults' social needs; examine the most effective approaches and modalities for assessment and intervention; take into account important contextual factors; and apply a translational, convergent scientific approach.
Uniform data set language measures for bvFTD and PPA diagnosis and monitoring

Author(s): Staffaroni, Adam M; Weintraub, Sandra; Rascovsky, Katya; Rankin, Katherine P; Taylor, Jack; Fields, Julie A; Casaletto, Kaitlin B; Hillis, Argye E; Lukic, Sladjana; Gorno-Tempini, Maria Luisa; Heuer, Hilary; Teylan, Merilee A; Kukull, Walter A; Miller, Bruce L; Boeve, Bradley F; Rosen, Howard J; Boxer, Adam L; Kramer, Joel H | Abstract: IntroductionThe Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Module (FTLD-MOD) includes a neuropsychological battery designed to assess the clinical features of FTLD, although much is unknown about its utility. We investigated FTLD-MOD and Uniform Data Set 3.0 (UDS) language tests for differential diagnosis and disease monitoring.MethodsLinear regressions compared baseline performances in 1655 National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, nn=n612), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA, nn=n168), non-fluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA, nn=n168), logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA, nn=n109), and controls (nn=n581)). Sample sizes to detect treatment effects were estimated using longitudinal data.ResultsAmong PPAs, the FTLD-MOD language tasks and UDS Multilingual Naming Test accurately discriminated svPPA. Number Span Forward best discriminated lvPPA; Phonemic:Semantic Fluency ratio was excellent for nfvPPA classification. UDS fluency and naming measures required the smallest sample size to detect meaningful change.DiscussionThe FTLD-MOD and UDS differentiated among PPA subtypes. UDS 3.0 measures performed best for longitudinal monitoring.
Chemical bonding and Born charge in 1T-HfS2

We combine infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies to explore the properties of the heavy transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-HfS2. We employ the LO–TO splitting of the Eu vibrational mode along with a reevaluation of mode mass, unit cell volume, and dielectric constant to reveal the Born effective charge. We find $${Z}_{{\rm{B}}}^{* }$$ = 5.3e, in excellent agreement with complementary first-principles calculations. In addition to resolving the controversy over the nature of chemical bonding in this system, we decompose Born charge into polarizability and local charge. We find α = 5.07 A3 and Z* = 5.2e, respectively. Polar displacement-induced charge transfer from sulfur p to hafnium d is responsible for the enhanced Born charge compared to the nominal 4+ in hafnium. 1T-HfS2 is thus an ionic crystal with strong and dynamic covalent effects. Taken together, our work places the vibrational properties of 1T-HfS2 on a firm foundation and opens the door to understanding the properties of tubes and sheets.
Varieties of Minimalism about Informed Consent.

In their latest contribution to a series of important joint papers on informed consent, Joseph Millum and Danielle Bromwich (2021) analyze and reject what they call the “standard view” on informed ...
Multiple inducers of endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction in sickle cell disease.

A characteristic aspect of the robust, systemic inflammatory state in sickle cell disease is dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We identify ten aberrant endothelial cell inputs, present in the specific sickle context, that are known to have the ability to cause eNOS dysfunction. These are: endothelial arginase depletion, asymmetric dimethylarginine, complement activation, endothelial glycocalyx degradation, free fatty acids, inflammatory mediators, microparticles, oxidized low density lipoproteins, reactive oxygen species, and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling ligands. The effect of true eNOS dysfunction on clinical testing using flow-mediated dilation can be simulated by two known examples of endothelial dysfunction mimicry (hemoglobin consumption of NO; and oxidation of smooth muscle cell soluble guanylate cyclase). This lends ambiguity to interpretation of such clinical testing. The presence of these multiple perturbing factors argues that a therapeutic approach targeting only a single injurious endothelial input (or either example of mimicry) would not be sufficiently efficacious. This would seem to argue for identifying therapeutics that directly protect eNOS function or application of multiple therapeutic approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Small Loans, Big Claims

chance to strengthen the WTO's legitimacy. Northern governments have billed it as a "development round," but poor nations have little cause for optimism. Rich countries are dragging their feet over phasing out the Multifibre Agreement, an onerous system of discriminatory quotas targeted at textiles and garments in developing countries. And the 2002 U.S. farm bill, with its $80 billion increase in subsidies over 10 years, has effectively ended negotiations before they even started. Esty does not address these issues and is much stronger on identifying problems than solutions. He calls for "a more virtual WTO that
Experimental Methods for Local Structure Determination on the Atomic Scale

It is generally agreed that for a fundamental understanding of the properties of the condensed state it is necessary to know the composition and arrangement of the atoms in the material. In this article I will review the main experimental techniques for directly determining the local structure of materials in the condensed state with emphasis on the type of information each technique determines and the strengths and limitations in obtaining such information. The theory of the structure information obtained by the experimental techniques is already well known and only that aspect of it related to the focus of this review will be presented here. The most generally employed method is coherent scattering of either x-rays or neutrons. The most common application of the technique is on crystals where the scattering is peaked about discrete directions corresponding to Bragg peaks. By an appropriate analysis of the intensity and line shapes of only the Bragg peaks one can obtain the average periodic structure of the materials, e.g., by the Rietveld refinement method [1]. In recent years the interest in condensed matter physics has focused on phenomena such as high T c superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistivity where the materials are relatively complex, and there are suggestions and experimental evidence that local deviations from the average periodicity for such materials may be important for understanding their properties. Even for the well-studied phenomenon of ferroelectricity, it has recently been shown that local deviations from periodicity occur which were previously not suspected [2]. This has resulted in a reassessment of the previous theories of ferroelectricity leading to a new theory which includes the local deviations [3]. This theory based on a new physical mechanism of ferroelectricity gives greatly improved quantitative and qualitative agreement with experiment. To obtain the local deviations, the standard Bragg diffraction method needs to be supplemented. If any such local disorder is present in the crystal, the standard Bragg diffraction method is able to detect this only as a decrease in intensity in the Bragg peaks, since such disorder diverts some scattering into angles between the Bragg peaks, so-called diffuse scat
Computability and Incomputability

The conventional wisdom presented in most computability books and historical papers is that there were several researchers in the early 1930's working on various precise definitions and demonstrations of a function specified by a finite procedure and that they should all share approximately equal credit. This is incorrect. It was Turing alonewho achieved the characterization, in the opinion of Godel. We also explore Turing's oracle machine and its analogous properties in analysis.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

When a patient on ventilatory support develops new shadows in the chest X-ray along with fever and leukocytosis after 48 h of intubation, it is suggestive of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This occurs in 9–27% of intubated patients. The risk increases with the duration of mechanical ventilation.
An Agent-Based Approach for Scheduling Multiple Machines

We present a new agent-based solution approach for the problem of scheduling multiple non-identical machines in the face of sequence dependent setups, job machine restrictions, batch size preferences, fixed costs of assigning jobs to machines and downstream considerations. We consider multiple objectives such as minimizing (weighted) earliness and tardiness, and minimizing job-machine assignment costs. We use an agent-based architecture called Asynchronous Team (A-Team), in which each agent encapsulates a different problem solving strategy and agents cooperate by exchanging results. Computational experiments on large instances of real-world scheduling problems show that the results obtained by this approach are significantly better than any single algorithm or the scheduler alone. This approach has been successfully implemented in an industrial scheduling system.
Biosynthetic l-threonine deaminase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: I. Catalytic and regulatory properties☆

Abstract A biosynthetic l -threonine deaminase has been purified approximately sixtyfold from the obligate thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus . The enzyme is partially stabilized against heat inactivation at 70 ° in the presence of either threonine or pyridoxal phosphate. The deaminase has a temperature optimum near 65 ° and a pH optimum of 9.0–9.5 in glycine-NaOH buffer. The sensitivity of the deaminase to feedback inhibition by l -isoleucine decreases as the assay temperature is increased from 30 to 70 °. The inhibition is also antagonized at high pH without loss of catalytic activity. These results suggest that the enzyme possesses separate binding sites for both substrate and end-product. Enzyme activity is stimulated in the presence of K + , Na + , and Li + . Of these monovalent cations only Na + increased both enzyme activity and sensitivity to isoleucine inhibition. At 55 °, substrate saturation curves indicate hyperbolic kinetics for threonine binding. However, in the presence of either isoleucine or Na + cooperative homotropic effects for theronine were observed. Inhibition curves with increasing isoleucine concentrations at 55 ° also indicated sigmoidal inhibition kinetics. The kinetic data suggest that the enzyme molecule contains multiple binding sites for both threonine and isoleucine. A molecular weight of approximately 200,000 was estimated for the deaminase.
Document Image Processing

The sections in this article are 1 Decomposition and Structural Analysis 2 Text Recognition and Interpretation 3 Tables, Graphics, and Halftone Recognition 4 Databases and System Performance Evaluation 5 Summary
The Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms Questionnaire to assess sialendoscopy‐assisted surgery

Objectives/Hypothesis Introduce the Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis Symptoms (COSS) questionnaire to quantify chronic sialadenitis symptoms and assess the impact of sialendoscopic-assisted salivary duct surgery (SASDS). Study Design Retrospective outcome symptoms questionnaire study. Methods The COSS questionnaire assesses the severity of sialadenitis symptoms from 0 to 100. Patients who underwent SASDS from April 2006 to December 2013 completed the COSS questionnaire and the ShortForm8 Health Survey (SF-8) based on current symptoms, and reported whether they had complete, partial, or no symptomatic response to SASDS. Results Sixty-six of the 156 (43%) contacted patients completed the questionnaires who had had symptoms in 26 submandibular ducts and 53 parotid ducts. The mean COSS score was higher for parotid ducts (12.0; interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–20.0) than for submandibular ducts (7.6; IQR 0.5–15.0) but not significantly so (P = 0.20). Thirty-eight (60%) patients reported complete resolution of symptoms, with a mean COSS score of 4.5 (IQR 0–7). Twenty-one (33%) patients reported partial resolution, with a mean COSS score of 18.5 (IQR 11.3–22.8). Five (8%) patients reported no improvement, with a mean COSS score of 25.1 (IQR 15.2–35). Thirty-six (46%) ducts with sialoliths had a significantly lower mean COSS score (5.8; IQR 0−9.5) compared to those without sialoliths (14.2; IQR 4.5−21.5, P = 0.0004). There was no significant difference in SF-8 survey scores between these groups. Conclusion The COSS questionnaire is a novel survey instrument to measure obstructive sialadenitis symptom severity that could be helpful in defining outcomes of SASDS. COSS scores under 10 correlate with complete resolution of symptoms, whereas scores between 10 and 25 correlate with partial resolution. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2015
Plasma homovanillic acid in neuroleptic responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenics

Changes in plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) were investigated in neuroleptic responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenics in order to delineate parameters of dopamine regulation, which may underlie differences in neuroleptic responsivity. Nineteen schizophrenics were treated with haloperidol for 6 weeks. HVA was sampled at baseline, 24 hr after initial neuroleptic dose, and after 6 weeks of treatment. Subjects were pretreated with debrisoquin in order to reduce the peripheral production of HVA. The responders had an initial rise in HVA at 24 hr after first neuroleptic dose, followed by a decline back to baseline over the 6 weeks of treatment. The nonresponders' HVA failed to rise at 24 hr after first neuroleptic dose. At 6 weeks of treatment their HVA had fallen to significantly below baseline. Thus, a rise in HVA 24 hr after the first dose of neuroleptic predicted treatment response; a fall in HVA at 6 weeks to below pretreatment values was associated with neuroleptic nonresponse.
Animism and the Interpretation of Rock Art

(2013). Animism and the Interpretation of Rock Art. Time and Mind: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 21-28.
The use of domain-specific concepts in biomedical text summarization

Text summarization is a method for data reduction. The use of text summarization enables users to reduce the amount of text that must be read while still assimilating the core information. The data reduction offered by text summarization is particularly useful in the biomedical domain, where physicians must continuously find clinical trial study information to incorporate into their patient treatment efforts. Such efforts are often hampered by the high-volume of publications. This paper presents two independent methods (BioChain and FreqDist) for identifying salient sentences in biomedical texts using concepts derived from domain-specific resources. Our semantic-based method (BioChain) is effective at identifying thematic sentences, while our frequency-distribution method (FreqDist) removes information redundancy. The two methods are then combined to form a hybrid method (ChainFreq). An evaluation of each method is performed using the ROUGE system to compare system-generated summaries against a set of manually-generated summaries. The BioChain and FreqDist methods outperform some common summarization systems, while the ChainFreq method improves upon the base approaches. Our work shows that the best performance is achieved when the two methods are combined. The paper also presents a brief physician's evaluation of three randomly-selected papers from an evaluation corpus to show that the author's abstract does not always reflect the entire contents of the full-text.
Noninterceptive method to measure longitudinal Twiss parameters of a beam in a hadron linear accelerator using beam position monitors

A new method of measuring of the RMS longitudinal Twiss parameters of a beam in linear accelerators is presented. It is based on using signals from beam position monitors (BPM) sensitive to the second order moment of the longitudinal charge distribution in the bunch. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on the superconducting section of the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linear accelerator. The results are compared to a direct measurement of the bunch longitudinal profiles using an interceptive bunch shape monitor (BSM) in the linac warm section of the same accelerator. Limitations of the method are discussed. The method is fast and simple, and can be used to obtain the initial parameters for the longitudinal matching in linear accelerators where interceptive diagnostics are not desirable.
Using memory mapping to support cactus stacks in work-stealing runtime systems

Many multithreaded concurrency platforms that use a work-stealing runtime system incorporate a “cactus stack,” wherein a function's accesses to stack variables properly respect the function's calling ancestry, even when many of the functions operate in parallel. Unfortunately, such existing concurrency platforms fail to satisfy at least one of the following three desirable criteria: † full interoperability with legacy or third-party serial binaries that have been compiled to use an ordinary linear stack, † a scheduler that provides near-perfect linear speedup on applications with sufficient parallelism, and † bounded and efficient use of memory for the cactus stack. We have addressed this cactus-stack problem by modifying the Linux operating system kernel to provide support for thread-local memory mapping (TLMM). We have used TLMM to reimplement the cactus stack in the open-source Cilk-5 runtime system. The Cilk-M runtime system removes the linguistic distinction imposed by Cilk-5 between serial code and parallel code, erases Cilk-5's limitation that serial code cannot call parallel code, and provides full compatibility with existing serial calling conventions. The Cilk-M runtime system provides strong guarantees on scheduler performance and stack space. Benchmark results indicate that the performance of the prototype Cilk-M 1.0 is comparable to the Cilk 5.4.6 system, and the consumption of stack space is modest.
Light synchronization of the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol (17-OHCS) concentration in man.

ABSTRACT In order to determine whether the pituitary-adrenal cycle of normal man is synchronized by the dark-light cycle or by some other phenomenon associated with the sleepwake cycle, normal subjects underwent experimental alteration of their dark-light schedules in such a way that partial dissociation of the darklight schedules from the sleep-wake schedule was achieved. In addition, 3 blind subjects were studied. The normal subjects were allowed several days to become adapted to a given schedule prior to sampling of blood for plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) determinations. Hourly blood specimens were obtained through indwelling venous catheters in such a manner as to avoid disturbing sleep or exposing the subject to light during dark periods. Each subject slept 8 hr each day from 10 PM till 6 am, and the schedule of meals and activity was identical for all studies; only the dark-light schedule was altered. When the hours of darkness were scheduled in the middle of the waking day, from 10 am u...
Relationship of Conserved Residues in the IMP Binding Site to Substrate Recognition and Catalysis in Escherichia coliAdenylosuccinate Synthetase

Abstract Gln34, Gln224, Leu228, and Ser240 are conserved residues in the vicinity of bound IMP in the crystal structure of Escherichia coli adenylosuccinate synthetase. Directed mutations were carried out, and wild-type and mutant enzymes were purified to homogeneity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated no difference in secondary structure between the mutants and the wild-type enzyme in the absence of substrates. Mutants L228A and S240A exhibited modest changes in their initial rate kinetics relative to the wild-type enzyme, suggesting that neither Leu228 nor Ser240 play essential roles in substrate binding or catalysis. The mutants Q224M and Q224E exhibited no significant change in Km GTP and Km ASP and modest changes in Km IMP relative to the wild-type enzyme. However, k cat decreased 13-fold for the Q224M mutant and 104-fold for the Q224E mutant relative to the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, the Q224E mutant showed an optimum pH at 6.2, which is 1.5 pH units lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. Tryptophan emission fluorescence spectra of Q224M, Q224E, and wild-type proteins under denaturing conditions indicate comparable stabilities. Mutant Q34E exhibits a 60-fold decrease in k cat compared with that of the wild-type enzyme, which is attributed to the disruption of the Gln34 to Gln224 hydrogen bond observed in crystal structures. Presented here is a mechanism for the synthetase, whereby Gln224 works in concert with Asp13 to stabilize the 6-oxyanion of IMP.
What Do We Know of Childhood Exposures to Metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury) in Emerging Market Countries?

Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury present potential health risks to children who are exposed through inhalation or ingestion. Emerging Market countries experience rapid industrial development that may coincide with the increased release of these metals into the environment. A literature review was conducted for English language articles from the 21st century on pediatric exposures to arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) top 10 Emerging Market countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Turkey. Seventy-six peer-reviewed, published studies on pediatric exposure to metals met the inclusion criteria. The reported concentrations of metals in blood and urine from these studies were generally higher than US reference values, and many studies identified adverse health effects associated with metals exposure. Evidence of exposure to metals in the pediatric population of these Emerging Market countries demonstrates a need for interventions to reduce exposure and efforts to establish country-specific reference values through surveillance or biomonitoring. The findings from review of these 10 countries also suggest the need for country-specific public health policies and clinician education in Emerging Markets.
Drug Testing in Athletes at the 2002 Olympic Winter Games

During the 2002 Olympic Winter Games at Salt Lake City, Utah, more athletes tested positive for doping than in all previous Olympic Winter Games combined. Approximately 4% (96) of all registered athletes were tested in the out-of-competition testing phase. There were no positive urine specimens. During the in-competition urine doping control program, 559 urine specimens were tested. There were 2 specimens positive for nandrolone and 1 specimen positive for methamphetamine. During the testing of endurance athletes for erythropoietin and related substances, there were 3 specimens positive for darbepoetin, a substance related to erythropoietin. These results signal an increased awareness of new scientific technologies and a resolve to use these procedures for antidoping efforts. The World Anti-Doping Agency is positioned to take a leadership role in harmonizing the antidoping efforts of the international sport federations, the national Olympic committees, the International Olympic Committee, the national spo...
An approach to derive time costs of sequential computations

Abstract Before deriving the time cost of a sequential computation, current time-cost analysis techniques need to perform a flow balance operation in order to determine the number of times each node in the computation is executed. This paper presents a new time-cost analysis technique. The new technique does not perform the flow balance operation. In deriving the time cost, the new approach deletes all of the dependent flows and reduces the computation to a single node graph. During the reduction process, the time cost and the flow count associated with the dependent flow to be deleted are properly distributed within the computation. It has been found that this technique is more efficient than traditional approaches.
Fabrication of Fluorescent Cellular Probes: Hybrid Dendrimer/Gold Nanoclusters

Fluorescent metal nanoclusters, which consist of collections of small numbers of noble metal atoms, are of great interest in photochemistry and photophysics due to their strong size-dependent emission. Historically their generation was confined to gaseous and solid phases; however, recently a unique organic/inorganic hybrid materials approach was developed that utilizes dendrimers as templates to protect nanoclusters from solution based fluorescence quenching. These hybrid dendrimer/gold nanoclusters are water-soluble and highly fluorescent. Yet there are several intrinsic deficiencies in their synthetic method: first, NaBH4, a toxic chemical, was used as reducing agent in the reaction; and second, the reaction yield was low due to the concurrent formation of large, non-emissive, gold particles. Here we report a particle-free method to produce dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanoclusters in high-yield. Proof of concept is demonstrated using OH-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and Au(PX3)3Cl (X = Ph, Me), but the approach can also be extended to the combination of other dendrimers and organic noble metal salts. Our approach yields fluorescent clusters with homogeneous size distribution. These clusters can be transferred to aqueous solution and used directly for biological applications.
Microscale Ion-Driven Air Flow Over a Flat Plate

A microscale air pump concept that uses ionized air molecules under the influence of an electric field is studied. The method employed is an extension of the corona wind concept and is referred to here as microscale ion-driven air flow. The two major differences are that the ions are created in a distinct generation region, and are then put in motion by a traveling electric field in the pumping region. The ions create bulk motion of the air because of ion drag. One application of this technology involves generation of air flow through microchannels or other micro-featured surfaces to create compact, high flux heat sinks for electronics cooling. This work focuses on the ion pumping aspect of the technology. A device was constructed and tested with an array of micro-fabricated electrodes that generate strong electric fields in the air. The electrode potentials were cycled to impart a unidirectional force to the ions over meso-scale distances. The microscale ion-driven air flow concept was demonstrated by electrical means, through the measurement of the ion current produced. A set of designed experiments were conducted that showed the electrode potential to be the most significant factor for sustaining an ion current. A two-dimensional numerical model of the ion motion has been developed and validated against the experimental results. The model describes the time-dependent ion flow induced over an array of evenly spaced microscale electrodes that are used to generate a translating electric field.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Applications of Quantum Defect Theory to Molecular Rydberg States1,2

Abstract Extensive analogies exist between molecular Rydberg spectra and corresponding “united-atom” rare-gas spectra.3 The united atom for HI is Xe and it is our intention to use the similarities of the Rydberg spectra of these two entities in order to assign that of HI (and CH3I).
Large-eddy simulation of dispersion in the convective boundary layer

Abstract Large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to study the dispersion of a passive scalar downwind of a localized source in a convective boundary layer. The LES turbulent velocity statistics are compared with laboratory data and other LES studies. Two scalar source heights at 0.25 zi and 0.50 zi are considered, where zi is the inversion height, and the mean concentration fields are compared with the experimental data of Willis and Deardorf (1978, Atmospheric Environment12, 1305–1312; 1981, Atmospheric Environment15, 109–117). Emphasis is placed on the fluctuating component of the concentration field due to the random turbulent velocity fluctuations, and amplitudes, temporal and spatial scales, and probability distributions are examined. Concentration fluctuation intensity continually decreases downstream, suggesting zero intensity as the asymptotic limit. Vertical profiles of both mean concentration and fluctuation variance become well mixed downstream. Dissipation and correlation scales increase nearly in proportion to the plume width, so that time- and space-averaging the concentration is less effective in reducing the fluctuations further downstream. Concentration probability distributions show intermittency near the source but become nearly normal as the plume moves downstream. Results are compared and contrasted with the neutral flow study of Sykes and Henn (1992a, Atmospheric Environment26A, 3127–3144).
Ushahidi at the Google interface: critiquing the ‘geospatial visualization of testimony’

The recent explosion of mobile media has coincided with a growing interest in crisis mapping, a practice that blends the technical capabilities of sites like Google Earth with politically inflected attempts at geospatial visualization. Non-profit organizations such as Kenyan-based Ushahidi have mobilized these technologies in order to visualize various natural catastrophes and political atrocities in spatial terms, drawing upon the testimonies of diverse witnesses – witnesses often equipped with nothing more than their mobile phones. Yet, these organizations' increasingly global agendas should be scrutinized. While Ushahidi brands itself as an activist group dedicated to the ‘geospatial visualization of testimony’, this non-profit corporation's repeated reliance on Google's corporate humanitarianism raises questions about the efficacy of an initiative that operates from the ‘top-down’. While Ushahidi did and still does allow for the geospatial visualization of testimony, this non-profit corporation also i...
Brain binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF): alterations in prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (S/JR) rats

The binding of radioiodinated atrial natriuretic factor (125I-ANF-28) to discrete areas of brain in 7 week old, inbred Dahl salt-sensitive (S/JR) and salt-resistant (R/JR) rats was studied utilizing quantitative film autoradiography. At this age, S/JR rats exhibit systolic blood pressures that are prehypertensive and tend to be slightly higher than systolic blood pressures of age-matched R/JR rats. Scatchard analysis of 125I-ANF-28 binding in forebrain revealed that S/JR rats have a significantly increased number of binding sites for 125I-ANF-28 in the subfornical organ as compared to R/JR controls. In contrast, values for 125I-ANF-28 binding capacity in the choroid plexus and area postrema were similar for both strains, and binding affinity constants for 125I-ANF-28 binding revealed no strain differences in any brain area examined. The elevation in the number of binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor may serve as a compensatory mechanism acting in part to lower fluid volume and sodium levels prior to the precipitous increase in blood pressure which occurs in S/JR rats by 10 weeks of age.
An examination of the impact of country risk on the international portfolio selection decision

Abstract This paper examines the impact of country risk on international portfolio investment, using alternative country risk proxies in the context of a two-factor model. Based on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, we provide empirical evidence that international portfolios' returns contain significant country risk premiums. Specifically, we find that international portfolios provide annualized risk premiums that range from 9.4% to 26.8%. Apart from confirming the traditional wisdom that international diversification pays, the results also provide support for the notion that international capital markets are partially segmented. Our results are also unique in that risk premiums are measured in the context of the Markowitz portfolio selection model rather than the traditional asset pricing framework.
Feline colonic morphology and mucosal tissue energetics as influenced via the source of dietary fiber

Abstract Twenty-eight adult female cats were used to assess the effects of dietary fiber on feline colonic morphology, mucosal cell density and tissue energetics. Three sources of dietary fiber (i.e., cellulose, beet pulp and a pectin/gum arabic blend) and a non-fiber control diet were compared. The fiber sources were selected according to their degree of fermentation and degradation within the colon of the domestic cat and dog. The feeding of the non-fermentable, cellulose diet, resulted in greater colonic weight and colonic weight per kg body weight when compared to those cats receiving the non-fiber, control diet. Colonic mucosal surface area to colonic mass ratio was significantly increased for all fiber diets (cellulose > beet pulp > pectin/gum arabic) when compared to the non-fiber diet. The colonic crypt depth and crypt width values were not altered by the addition of fiber to the diet. However, the addition of fiber to the diet significantly increased colonic mucosal energetics (per gram of tissue), and the individual mucosal cell energetics (per unit DNA), when compared to the non-fiber fed cats. Contrary to the noted increase in colonic surface area associated with the decrease in fermentability of the fiber source, the addition of the more fermentable fibers enhanced the colonic mucosal cell energetics (i.e., pectin/gum arabic > beet pulp > cellulose > non-fiber diet). While dietary fiber is not a “natural component” of domestic cat diets, the increase in colonic weight and in mucosal cell activity resulting from the addition of fiber are suggestive of enhanced colonic health.
Tracking of kilometric-wave type III solar bursts in elevation and elongation and apparent source sizes

With our experiment on the satellite IMP-6 (Explorer 43) we are able to track the position of type III solar bursts in elevation as well as elongation. We do this by measuring the correlations between signals on an electric dipole antenna which is approximately normal to the plane of the ecliptic, and either of two antennas rotating in the ecliptic plane. The result is that the sources are generally close to the ecliptic plane, close enough that their elevation above the ecliptic cannot account for the large apparent width which we and others observe, and that this width must therefore be real.
Cu(NH3)1–2 complexes: formation and characterization in the gas phase by neutralization–reionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The Cu(0) complexes Cu(NH 3 ) and Cu(NH 3 ) 2 are formed in the gas phase by neutralization of the corresponding monocations. The mass spectra obtained after reionization indicate that both complexes survive intact for ≥0.3 μs and, thus, are stable species residing in potential energy minima. A fraction of the Cu(NH 3 ) and Cu(NH 3 ) 2 molecules generated in the neutralization step undergo dissociation to Cu(0)+NH 3 and Cu(NH 3 )+NH 3 , respectively, before reionization.
Treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder in Young Children: Importance of Understanding Emotional Dynamics

Through an attachment lens, the case study reviews the treatment of a 4-year-old boy in foster care with the diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder. A three-stage treatment was described to illustrate how an attachment informed conceptualization was translated into intricate steps of interventions leading to a successful clinical outcome. The case study emphasizes and highlights the importance to recognize and understand emotional dynamics that are rooted in attachment experiences and expectations. It offers important clinical insight into the emotional and psychological process this boy went through to finally reach the territory of recovery.
On a geometrically exact curved/twisted beam theory under rigid cross-section assumption

A geometrically exact curved/ twisted beam theory, that assumes that the beam cross-section remains rigid, is re-examined and extended using orthonormal frames of reference starting from a 3-D beam theory. The relevant engineering strain measures with an initial curvature correction term at any material point on the current beam cross-section, that are conjugate to the first Piola-Kirchhoff stresses, are obtained through the deformation gradient tensor of the current beam configuration relative to the initially curved beam configuration. The stress resultant and couple are defined in the classical sense and the reduced strains are obtained from the three-dimensional beam model, which are the same as obtained from the reduced differential equations of motion. The reduced differential equations of motion are also re-examined for the initially curved/twisted beams. The corresponding equations of motion include additional inertia terms as compared to previous studies. The linear and linearized nonlinear constitutive relations with couplings are considered for the engineering strain and stress conjugate pair at the three-dimensional beam level. The cross-section elasticity constants corresponding to the reduced constitutive relations are obtained with the initial curvature correction term. Along with the beam theory, some basic concepts associated with finite rotations are also summarized in a manner that is easy to understand.
Abnormal Optokinetic and Perceptual Span Parameters in Cerebellar-Vestibular Dysfunction and Related Anxiety Disorders

As prior studies indicated abnormal cerebellar-vestibular-based sensorimotor mechanisms and neurological and ENG diagnostic parameters in anxiety disorders and because ocular fixation and sequential scanning are cerebellar-vestibular-modulated, it appeared reasonable to measure these and related ocular functions in matched samples of anxiety-disordered and control subjects. In this study, the optokinetically-determined fixation, sequential scanning, and perceptual span capacities obtained by means of a newly revised blurring-speed method were significantly lower or impaired in 70 anxiety-disordered patients vs 70 controls. Such data supported further the hypothesis that there may be cerebellar-vestibular predispositions to anxiety disorders and the optokinetically-based tracking method may prove useful in separating a diverse array of CV-determined or related anxiety symptoms from those of other origins. However, independent validation as well as additional studies of anxiety disorders using larger samples vs random or "normal" controls are required before conclusions are justified.
Intracerebroventricular and preoptic injections of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in the rat: lack of febrile effect

Experiments were performed to ascertain the effect on core temperature in the rat of central administration of 3 products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism. The agents tested were leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4). In one series of rats, the leukotrienes were injected into the ventral aspect of the third cerebral ventricle (5 microliter injection volume). Each rat received, in separate experimental sessions, an injection of a control solution, of 1 microgram of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and of 1 microgram of LTC4, LTD4, or LTE4. In another series of rats, bilateral 1 microliter injections into the tissue of the preoptic region were made. Each animal received a control solution, 40 ng PGE1 (20 ng/side) and 400 ng LTC4, LTD4, or LTE4 (200 ng/side). Neither the intraventricular nor the preoptic injections of any of the leukotrienes produced a significant increase in colonic temperature. However, PGE1 injected intraventricularly or into the preoptic region produced a large, rapidly developing core temperature rise. The strong febrile response to PGE1 and the results of dye distribution studies indicate that the lack of effect of the leukotrienes was not due to incorrect injection cannula placement. The ineffectiveness of the leukotrienes also cannot be attributed to loss of biological activity of these agents during storage. Near the end of the study, samples of each leukotriene were assayed using the guinea pig tracheal strip method and were found to be highly active. The results suggest that, at least in the rat, these 3 arachidonate metabolites are not likely to be important mediators of fever.
A Restive Legacy: The History of Feminist Work in Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

In the last century feminist psychologists have contributed to refining and improving research in experimental psychology. While the accomplishments are cause for celebration during the American Association of Psychology's (APA) Centennial year, especially given the sexism that has accompanied scientific practices, we need to examine more carefully the difficulties—past and present—that attend feminist efforts in the discipline. This brief article explores the strategies that feminist researchers have used to eliminate androcentrism and sexism from experimental and, more recently, cognitive psychology. Such historical reassessment not only reveals the multiple and insightful means by which feminist psychologists have proceeded, but also indicates that feminist work must continue to focus on epistemological and theoretical problems as well as methodological ones.
The Final Frontier: Charter Schools as New Community Institutions of Gentrification

Recent scholarship on gentrification suggests the need to pay attention the role of the state in fostering new geographies of gentrification. This paper highlights the different agents and enablers of gentrification and the increasing importance of place-based community activism in inner city neighborhoods that is a response to a retrenching state. These agents include new types of gentrifiers: family-oriented, middle-class groups who have different interests and motivations from "traditional" (childless) gentrifiers. The neoliberalization of social service provision has enabled private groups, such as middle-class gentrifiers, to transform critical social institutions in gentrifying neighborhoods. One such institution is a charter school, which enables private management of public dollars to provide public education. Through interviews and archival analysis, these new dynamics in the gentrification process are explored by examining the importance of place-based community that is produced and consumed by ...
Kinetics of adenovirus DNA replication. I. Rate of adenovirus DNA replication

Abstract The rate of adenovirus DNA replication is constant throughout infection. The average rate of replication is 0.046 ± 0.005 fractional lengths/min or 1600 ± 170 nucleotides/min. The time required to synthesize an adenovirus DNA molecule is 21.7 ± 2.4 min.
Fish Cytogenetics and the Future of Radiation Biodosimetry

Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome paints has greatly facilitated the analysis of structural chromosome aberrations and has led to translocations replacing dicentrics as the aberration of choice for many applications. Major challenges remain if we are to go from translocations to an understanding of the health consequences of radiation exposure. Yet to be surmounted are the roles of individual susceptibility, time since exposure, and the effects of subjects' age. Accomplishing these objectives will require automation, reduced costs, improved calibration, and extensive use of baseline samples.
The Collapse of Square Section Tubes in Bending

The effect of changes in material properties and of geometry upon the load to initiate collapse, and also upon the energy to produce extensive plastic deformation during the three point bending of square section steel tubes, was examined. Over a wide range of material characteristics studied, the tensile strength gave the best correlation with the collapse load and energy characteristics. The geometric contribution to the effectiveness of the tube in resisting collapse was found to depend upon two factors, the relative density of the tube and the side dimension of the tube.
Effect of spironolactone on endothelial function in patients with congestive heart failure on conventional medical therapy

We prospectively studied the effect of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, on endothelial function in patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) using the brachial artery reactivity method. Twenty patients optimized on conventional CHF therapy were treated with spironolactone, and brachial artery flow- mediated dilation was measured at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Spironolactone improved endothelial function at 4 weeks, and sustained the improvement at 8 weeks, in patients with CHF on conventional medical therapy, presumably due to reversal of aldosterone impairment of endothelial nitric oxide activity.
Warrior Rule in Japan

Japan was ruled by warriors for the better part of a millenium. From the twelfth to the nineteenth century its political history was dominated by the struggle of competing leagues of fighting men. This paperback volume, comprised of chapters taken from volumes 3 and 4 of The Cambridge History of Japan, traces the institutional development of warrior rule and dominance. Fourteenth-century warfare weakened the aristocratic and clerical control over provincial estates, and the power of military governors grew steadily. By the eighteenth century, however, warrior rule had come full circle. Centuries of peace brought a transformation and bureaucratization of the samurai class. Although samurai malcontents resisted the Meiji Restoration, many of the Meiji government's leaders were former samurai, and warrior values remained central to the ethical code of modern Japan.