cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction Psychotherapy: An Adjunct to Medical Treatment

To be a healthy, functioning individual requires an integration of the physical, psychological, and social well-being. Although this may seem like common sense, it is only in recent years that mental health professionals have been playing a more active role in the health care of the physically ill. These specialists include psychologists, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors, psychiatric social workers and psychiatric nurses (Fisher, 1986). Physicians and nurses on medical wards are also becoming more aware of, and involved in, the psychological care of their patients. Courses in health psychology are gradually becoming part of their medical training, as the interaction of the patient’s emotional and physical makeup is recognized as playing an important role in recovery, often determining whether or not a person comes for treatment, or stays in treatment and follows prescriptions.
Criteria for local myocardial electrical activation: effects of electrogram characteristics

The ability of several variables to distinguish unipolar deflections due to local activation from those due to nonlocal activity is studied. A model of polyphasic deflections based on atrial recordings during reentrant tachycardia was used to facilitate distinction of local and distant activity by methods independent of the test variables. The performances of variables were assessed by comparing areas under receiver operating characteristic curves. Optimal thresholds of test variables were identified by maximizing statistics which corrected for the pretest probability of local activation. It was found that the greatest negative first derivative of the unipolar potential discriminated between local and distant ventricular signals, but performed less well than the ratio of the first derivative to the potential for distinguishing between local atrial signals and distant ventricular signals. A linear combination of the potential and the ratio of the first derivative and the potential performed well for all groups of signals studied. Optimal criteria for detecting local activation are discussed. >
Active fire monitoring and fire danger potential detection from space: A review

Wildland fire is both one of the major natural hazards and a natural process for ecosystem persistence. Accurate assessment of fire danger potential and timely detection of active fires are critical for fire fighting and fuel management. Space-borne measurements have become the primary approaches for these efforts. Many research works have been conducted and some data products have been generated for practical applications. This paper presents a review of the major sensors and algorithms for active fire monitoring and fire danger potential detection from space. Major sensors and their characteristics, physical principles of the major algorithms are summarized. Limitations of these algorithms and future improvements are also discussed.
Social Tele-Embodiment: Understanding Presence

Humans live and interact within the real world but our current online world neglects this. This paper explores research into Personal Roving Presence (PRoP) devices that provide a physical mobile proxy, controllable over the Internet to provide tele-embodiment. Leveraging off of its physical presence in the remote space, PRoPs provide important human verbal and non-verbal communication cues. The ultimate goal is a computer mediated communication (CMC) tool for rich natural human interaction beyond currently available systems. This paper examines PRoP design choices, system architecture, social issues, and evaluations of several user studies.
Mapping the conformational transition in Src activation by cumulating the information from multiple molecular dynamics trajectories

The Src-family kinases are allosteric enzymes that play a key role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. In response to cellular signals, they undergo large conformational changes to switch between distinct inactive and active states. A computational strategy for characterizing the conformational transition pathway is presented to bridge the inactive and active states of the catalytic domain of Hck. The information from a large number (78) of independent all-atom molecular dynamics trajectories with explicit solvent is combined together to assemble a connectivity map of the conformational transition. Two intermediate states along the activation pathways are identified, and their structural features are characterized. A coarse free-energy landscape is built in terms of the collective motions corresponding to the opening of the activation loop (A-loop) and the rotation of the αC helix. This landscape shows that the protein can adopt a multitude of conformations in which the A-loop is partially open, while the αC helix remains in the orientation characteristic of the inactive conformation. The complete transition leading to the active conformation requires a concerted movement involving further opening of the A-loop, the relative alignment of N-lobe and C-lobe, and the rotation of the αC helix needed to recruit the residues necessary for catalysis in the active site. The analysis leads to a dynamic view of the full-length kinase activation, whereby transitions of the catalytic domain to intermediate configurations with a partially open A-loop are permitted, even while the SH2-SH3 clamp remains fully engaged. These transitions would render Y416 available for the transphosphorylation event that ultimately locks down the active state. The results provide a broad framework for picturing the conformational transitions leading to kinase activation.
Failure of Serial Taste-Taste Compound Presentations to Produce Overshadowing of Extinction of Conditioned Taste Aversion.

Two experiments were conducted to study overshadowing of extinction in a conditioned taste aversion preparation. In both experiments, aversive conditioning with sucrose was followed by extinction treatment with either sucrose alone or in compound with another taste, citric acid. Experiment 1 employed a simultaneous compound extinction treatment and found results indicative of overshadowing of extinction. By contrast, Experiment 2, in which extinction treatment involved serial compound presentations, failed to obtain evidence of overshadowing of extinction. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the serial presentation of two tastes was processed as equivalent to the separate presentation of the tastes. The results are discussed in relation to: (1) Convergent evidence from research on latent inhibition, (2) competing theories of learning and, (3) their possible adaptive value in food-selection learning.
Time-resolved third harmonic generation from laser- melted semiconductors

To develop shock melting diagnostics, we are studying laser melted semiconductors using nonlinear optical probes. We find a rapid response in THG from Si and GaAs, with both linearly and circularly polarized incident radiation.
The Theory of Stress Wave Radiation from Explosions in Prestressed Media

Stress wave radiation from underground explosions has been observed to contain an anomalous shear wave contribution which is most likely of tectonic origin. In this paper the theoretical radiation field to be expected from an explosion in a prestressed medium is given under the assumption that no secondary low symmetry faulting on a large scale occurs and that the total tectonic component of the field is due to stress relaxation around the roughly spherical fracture zone created by the explosive shock wave. Evidence for the occurrence of this simple kind of tectonic source is considered, and it is concluded that this model is appropriate in many, if not most, instances involving underground explosions. Expressions for the spectrum of the radiation field and its spatial radiation pattern are given in terms of multipole expansions for the components of the rotation potential and the dilatation potential. Several possible rupture formation models are treated. All models show that the tectonic radiation is of simple quadrupole form, as has been observed. The energy radiated due to stress relaxation is considered in detail, and it is also shown that, in terms of the energy released, a dislocation source can be used as an equivalent for the stress relaxation effects. The theoretical energy partition between compressional and shear waves for the tectonic field is in the ratio of (approximately) 1 to 10, so that tectonic stress release does not affect the direct compressional body wave particularly, but gives rise to totally anomalous SH polarized waves (e. g. Love waves) and affects Rayleigh type surface waves significantly, as is also observed. The theory can be applied to obtain estimates of source dimensions and the orientation and magnitude of the initial prestress field in the region of the explosion. In addition, application of this particular form of the general tectonic source theory to deep earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes also appears to be reasonable in view of the probable high symmetry of the failure or phase transition regions for such events.
Breaking Down Stereotypes: A Call for an Ontological Model

An ontological model, such as the one proposed in this paper, can provide the basis for many activities. The first important activity is the ability to gather and categorize statistics which provide the empirical basis to discuss deviant computer usage, thus helping to dispel stereotypes. The information gathered via the proposed ontological model could be used to (1) validate or create categories in taxonomies, (2) educate potential victims about their risk factors, (3) help corporations determine security priorities, (4) reduce the potential suspect pool in a crime investigation, (5) provide data for policy makers, (6) create computer crime profiles, and multiple other uses
Searching for optimal trajectory with learning in the vicinity

An algorithm of searching for the optimal trajectory with the minimal cost of reaching the final state is presented The reduction of alternative trajectories is based on the Bellman dynamic programming principle. A similar procedure of reduction of branching alternatives was developed by the author for auto-capture of trajectories of aircrafts in the presence of noise. Learning consists in estimation of a priori unknown minimal cost W(x) of reaching the target from the initial state x and in estimating /spl part/W(x)//spl part/x on the basis of analysis of trial trajectories obtained earlier. At any moment of time, the controlling impact is chosen so as to increase the rate of decreasing of the function V(x), which characterizes the closeness of the state x to the target state x/sub fin/, and to increase the rate of decreasing of the estimated value of W(x).
Characteristics and Outcomes of Women Veterans Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System Insights from the VA CART Program

Background— The number of women veterans is increasing, yet little is known about their cardiovascular risk factors, coronary anatomy, cardiac treatments, and outcomes after cardiac catheterization. Prior studies have shown that nonveteran women have more risk factors, receive less aggressive treatment, and have worse outcomes, despite having less obstructive coronary artery disease than men. Whether these differences exist among women veterans in the veterans affairs healthcare system is unknown. Methods and Results— Data on 85 936 veterans (3181 women) undergoing initial cardiac catheterization between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2012, were examined using the national veterans affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking (CART) Program. Sex differences in demographics, indications, coronary anatomy, cardiac treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Women veterans were younger (56.9 versus 63.0 years, P <0.0001) with fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but with more obesity, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder than men. Women had lower rates of obstructive coronary artery disease than men (22.6% versus 53.3%). Rates of procedural complications were similar in both genders. Adjusted outcomes at 1 year showed women had lower mortality (hazard ratio, 0.74; confidence interval, 0.60–0.92) and less all-cause rehospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.87; confidence interval, 0.82–0.93), but no difference in rates of unplanned percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusions— Women veterans undergoing catheterization are younger, have more obesity, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder, less obstructive coronary artery disease, and similar long-term outcomes, compared with men. These findings suggest a significant portion of women veterans may have chest pain not attributable to obstructive coronary artery disease. Further research into possible causes, such as endothelial dysfunction or concurrent psychological comorbidities, is needed.
Transcription Profile of Helicobacter pylori in the Human Stomach Reflects Its Physiology In Vivo

Background. Little is known about levels of expression of Helicobacter pylori genes in the human host. We therefore developed a quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay to measure transcript profiles of H. pylori in the human stomach. Methods. In vivo expression of 16 genes on the cag pathogenicity island and of 18 putative virulence genes was quantitated by isolation of total RNA directly from infected human gastric mucosa. The results were compared with in vitro expression determined from H. pylori cells grown in culture. Results. The highest levels of expression were found for cag1 and cag25 and for genes, such as urease and catalase, that may be important for bacterial homeostasis in the relatively hostile environment of the gastric mucosa. Transcript abundance, relative to 16S rRNA, was lower in vivo than in vitro, which suggests that H. pylori cells are in stationary phase in the gastric environment. This was particularly apparent for cagA. Since CagA is arguably of unique importance, in terms of interaction with the host, tight control of its in vivo expression might be particularly important. Conclusions. qRT-PCR is a powerful tool to measure gene expression in human or animal tissue that contains minute amounts of microbial mRNA, and the results reflect on the physiology of the pathogen in its natural host.
Reduced Employment in Caregivers of Frail Elders Impact of Ethnicity, Patient Clinical Characteristics, and Caregiver Characteristics

Background. Without family caregivers, many frail elders who live at home would require nursing home care. However, providing care to frail elders requires a large time commitment that may interfere with the caregiver’s ability to work. Our goal was to determine the patient and caregiver characteristics associated with the reduction of employment hours in caregivers of frail elders. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of 2806 patients (mean age 78, 73% women, 29% African American, 12% Hispanic, 54% with dementia) with at least one potentially working caregiver (defined as one who is either currently employed or who would have been employed if they had not been providing care) and their 4592 potentially working caregivers. Patients were enrollees at 11 sites of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). Social workers interviewed patients and caregivers at the time of PACE enrollment. Caregivers were asked if they had reduced the hours they worked or had stopped working to care for the patient. Nurses interviewed patients and caregivers to assess independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and the presence of behavioral disturbances. Comorbid conditions were assessed by physicians during enrollment examinations. Results. A total of 604 (22%) of the 2806 patients had at least one caregiver who either reduced the number of hours they worked or quit working to care for the patient. Patient characteristics independently associated with a caregiver reducing hours or quitting work were ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] � 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14‐1.78 for African American; OR � 1.90, 95% CI 1.43‐2.52 for Hispanic), ADL function below the median (OR � 1.76, 95% CI 1.44‐2.15), a diagnosis of dementia (OR � 1.68, 95% CI � 1.31‐2.17 if associated with a behavioral disturbance; OR � 1.31, 95% CI 1.06‐1.63 if not associated with a behavioral disturbance), or a history of stroke (OR � 1.42, 95% CI 1.16‐1.73). After controlling for these patient characteristics, caregiver characteristics associated with reducing work hours included being the daughter or daughter-in-law of the patient (OR � 1.69, 95% CI 1.37‐2.08) and living with the patient (OR � 4.66, 95% CI 3.65‐5.95 if no other caregiver lived at home, OR � 2.53, 95% CI 2.03‐3.14 if another caregiver lived at home). Conclusions. Many caregivers reduce the number of hours they work to care for frail elderly relatives. The burden of reduced employment is more likely to be incurred by the families of ethnic minorities and of patients with specific clinical characteristics. Daughters and caregivers who live with the patient are more likely to reduce work hours than other caregivers. Future research should examine the impact of lost caregiver employment on patients’ families and the ways in which the societal responsibility of caring for frail elders can be equitably shared.
Tacfire: Enterprise Knowledge in Service Oriented Architecture

FORCEnet Innovation & Research Enterprise (FIRE) system supports experimentation planning, management, and analysis, providing knowledge services to initiative teams. The scope expanded with Trident Warrior 2005 (TW05) and an initiative to apply FIRE in tactical fleet operations to help establish baselines for CNO initiatives in next-generation knowledge management. Included were technical assessment of XML-based knowledge and collaborative services within service-oriented architecture (SOA). This paper presents operational context and results for core knowledge capabilities and collaborative services.
Supporters or Challengers? The Effects of Nongovernmental Organizations on Local Politics in Bolivia

How do nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) affect local politics in developing democracies? Specifically, do NGOs have systematic effects on the fortunes of incumbent political parties in local elections? Existing work predicts starkly contradictory political effects: Some scholars claim that NGOs most likely help incumbents by providing services for which politicians can claim credit, whereas others believe that NGOs most likely hurt incumbents by facilitating political opposition. The authors argue that both of these effects are possible, depending on the size of a jurisdiction's population. In smaller populations, the authors hypothesize that NGOs facilitate collective action and decrease the ability of an incumbent to claim credit for projects; larger jurisdictions water down the effect of NGOs on collective action and permit incumbents' credit claiming. Strong support is found for hypotheses, using electoral, sociodemographic, and NGO data for all of 314 municipalities in Bolivia.
Thermodynamics of interacting continua with surfaces and creep analysis of concrete structures

Abstract Creep, shrinkage and delayed thermal dilatations of concrete have source mainly in the interaction with water of the internal surfaces of solids in the cement paste microstructure. This interaction is believed to consist in changes of thickness or mass content of mono- and multimolecular adsorbed water layers confined between two solid adsorbent surfaces. These changes are brought by diffusion of water and other molecules along the layers. In the present paper a consistent formulation of the above mechanism based on surface thermodynamics is presented and the isotropic macroscopic stress-strain relations are derived. These relations indicate the form of the dependence of material parameters on pore humidity and temperature, and restrict considerably the number of possible forms of constitutive equation that would have to be assumed on a purely phenomenological basis if the material were regarded as general interacting continua in which strains are general functionals of the history of water content and temperature. A viscoelastic material with time-dependent properties is obtained as the special case for constant humidity and temperature. A suitable, numerically stable algorithm of step-by-step time integration of stress and strain problems is also presented. Analysis of experimental data aimed at numerical determination of the material parameters is presently in progress at Northwestern University.
Linguistic predictors of trauma pathology and physical health

The present study examined how specific linguistic elements in trauma narratives were associated with post-treatment psychopathology and physical symptoms. We analysed the narratives of 28 female assault victims being treated for chronic PTSD. During exposure therapy, participants were asked to recount their assault 'as if it was happening now'. These trauma narratives were videotaped, transcribed, and analysed using a linguistic coding program. In particular, narratives containing words about death and dying were associated with worse post-treatment functioning. This relationship could not be accounted for by assault-related characteristics. The focus on death and dying in the trauma narrative may reflect the concept of mental defeat, suggesting a possible target for intervention in cognitive-behavioural treatment of PTSD. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Phosphorus Fractionation in Soil and Sediments Along a Continuum from Agricultural Fields to Nearshore Lake Sediments: Potential Ecological Impacts

ABSTRACT The movement of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to streams and deposition in the nearshore of the lake presents a continuum of related physical and chemical properties that act to partition P into different physico-chemical fractions. We investigated changes in soil and sediment P fractionation as material was eroded from predominantly agricultural fields, transported via stream sediments, and deposited in a nearshore lake environment. Total phosphorus content of the soils and sediment decreased from field soils with an average concentration of 553.81 mg P kg-1 to 202.28 mg P kg-1 in stream sediments to 67.47 mg P kg-1 in lake sediments. Significant changes in P fractionation occurred during erosion, transport, and deposition of the particulate or sediment phase. The fractionation of P within the soils and sediments changed significantly from aluminum and organic matter associated P dominant in field soils to calcium associated P dominant in nearshore lake sediments. Various physical and ...
DGCR8 is essential for tumor progression following PTEN loss in the prostate

In human prostate cancer, the microRNA biogenesis machinery increases with prostate cancer progression. Here, we show that deletion of the Dgcr8 gene, a critical component of this complex, inhibits tumor progression in a Pten ‐knockout mouse model of prostate cancer. Early stages of tumor development were unaffected, but progression to advanced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was severely inhibited. Dgcr8 loss blocked Pten null‐induced expansion of the basal‐like, but not luminal, cellular compartment. Furthermore, while late‐stage Pten knockout tumors exhibit decreased senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity and increased proliferation, the simultaneous deletion of Dgcr8 blocked these changes resulting in levels similar to wild type. Sequencing of small RNAs in isolated epithelial cells uncovered numerous miRNA changes associated with PTEN loss. Consistent with a Pten–Dgcr8 association, analysis of a large cohort of human prostate tumors shows a strong correlation between Akt activation and increased Dgcr8 mRNA levels. Together, these findings uncover a critical role for microRNAs in enhancing proliferation and enabling the expansion of the basal cell compartment associated with tumor progression following Pten loss. ![][1] This study uncovers an essential role for the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 in prostate tumor progression following PTEN loss. The simultaneous deletion of Dgcr8 and Pten allows early progression to hyperplasia but not later progression to dysplasia. EMBO Reports (2015) 16: 1219–1232 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Sympathetic and parasympathetic component of bradycardia triggered by stimulation of NTS P2X receptors

We have previously shown that activation of P2X purinoceptors in the subpostremal nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) produces a rapid bradycardia and hypotension. This bradycardia could occur via sympathetic withdrawal, parasympathetic activation, or a combination of both mechanisms. Thus we investigated the relative roles of parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal in mediating this bradycardia in chloralose-urethane anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Microinjections of the selective P2X purinoceptor agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP (25 pmol/50 nl and 100 pmol/50 nl) were made into the subpostremal NTS in control animals, after atenolol (2 mg/kg i.v.), a beta1-selective antagonist, and after atropine methyl bromide (2 mg/kg i.v.), a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The bradycardia observed with activation of P2X receptors at the low dose of the agonist is mediated almost entirely by sympathetic withdrawal. After beta1-adrenergic blockade, the bradycardia was reduced to just -5.1 +/- 0.5 versus -28.8 +/- 5.1 beats/min in intact animals. Muscarinic blockade did not produce any significant change in the bradycardic response at the low dose. At the high dose, both beta1-adrenergic blockade and muscarinic blockade attenuated the bradycardia similarly, -37.4 +/- 6.4 and -40.6 +/- 3.7 beats/min, respectively, compared with -88.0 +/- 11 beats/min in control animals. Double blockade of both beta1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors virtually abolished the response (-2.5 +/- 0.8 beats/min). We conclude that the relative contributions of parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal are dependent on the extent of P2X receptor activation.
The Stress of English Words 1968–1998

The article begins with reflections on the theory of Chomsky and Halle 1968, which constituted a new departure in phonology. The indebtedness of the theory to Chomsky 1951 is noted, and certain ina...
Exposure reconstruction for reducing uncertainty in risk assessment: example using MTBE biomarkers and a simple pharmacokinetic model.

AbstractAdverse health risks from environmental agents are generally related to average (long-term) exposures. Because a given individual's contact with a pollutant is highly variable and dependent on activity patterns, local sources and exposure pathways, simple ‘snapshot’ measurements of surrounding environmental media may not accurately assign the exposure level. Furthermore, susceptibility to adverse effects from contaminants is considered highly variable in the population so that even similar environmental exposure levels may result in differential health outcomes in different individuals. The use of biomarker measurements coupled to knowledge of rates of uptake, metabolism and elimination has been suggested as a remedy for reducing this type of uncertainty. To demonstrate the utility of such an approach, we invoke results from a series of controlled human exposure tests and classical first-order rate kinetic calculations to estimate how well spot measurements of methyl tertiary butyl ether and the p...
Sequences that promote formation of catenated intertwines during termination of DNA replication

The normal sequence at which SV40 DNA replication terminates (TER) is unusual in that it promotes formation of catenated intertwines when two converging replication forks enter to complete replication (Weaver et al., 1985). Here we show that yeast centromeric sequences also exhibit this phenomenon. CEN3 caused accumulation of late replicating intermediates and catenated dimers in plasmids replicating in mammalian cells, but only when it was located in the termination region (180 degrees from ori), and only when cells were subjected to hypertonic shock to reduce topoisomerase II activity. Therefore, formation of catenated intertwines during termination of DNA replication was sequence dependent, suggesting that topoisomerase II acts behind replication forks in the termination region to remove intertwines generated by unwinding DNA rather than acting after replication is completed and catenates are formed. Under normal physiological conditions, CEN3 did not promote formation of catenated dimers in either mammalian or yeast cells. Therefore, CEN does not maintain association of sister chromatids during mitosis in yeast by introducing stable catenated intertwines during replication.
Status Review of California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard - Spring 2013 (Revised Version)

The Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) is a performance-based regulation adopted in California in 2009 that requires regulated parties (e.g., oil producers and importers to California) to reduce the carbon intensity (CI) of their fuel mix by at least 10% by 2020. It sets declining annual targets, starting slowly with a 0.25% reduction in 2011 and increasing to 10% reduction by 2020. This regulation contributes to California’s overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goals under the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32).This is the second in a series of periodic status reports of California’s LCFS. Each report will provide updates on LCFS compliance and markets, and address selected special topics. The reports review data, analyze trends, and identify potential challenges, but avoid making predictions. This second report addresses the following topics: Credits and deficits; Carbon intensity of fuels; Credit trading and credit prices; Federal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) and implications for LCFS feedstocks; Issues that affect compliance (special topic).
Joint photoelectron imaging spectroscopic and theoretical characterization on the electronic structures of the anionic and neutral ZrC2 clusters.

We present a joint photoelectron imaging spectroscopic and theoretical investigation on the triatomic ZrC2– anion. Vibrationally resolved spectrum was acquired at 532 nm photon energy. Electron affinity for the neutral ZrC2 cluster was determined to be 1.60 ± 0.07 eV. The CCSD(T) level of theory was used to explore the ground-state geometries and vibrational frequencies of the anionic and neutral ZrC2 clusters. Our vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum reveals two vibrational frequencies (564.6 and 1774.0 cm–1) of the neutral ZrC2 cluster, which correspond to the symmetric Zr–C2 and C–C stretching modes, and these experimental findings are in good agreement with the calculated values. Additionally, the molecular orbitals and chemical bonding in the anionic and neutral ZrC2 clusters are also discussed to disclose the interaction between the transition metal atom (Zr) and C2 unit.
Effect of mephentermine on venomotor tone, blood flow and arterial pressure in forearm of man.

SummaryForearm blood flow and venomotor responses to intravenous injection of mephentermine were studied in normal men. In each experiment blood flow decreased while arterial pressure increased. Venous pressure increased while forearm venous distensibility and venous volume decreased in each subject. In each case blood shifted from the forearm. These experiments indicate that mephentermine administration increases both peripheral resistance and venous tone in man.
Crown-applied Systemic Acaricides for Control of the Twospotted Spider Mite and Hop Aphid on Hops123

Eight systemic insecticides were tested during 1966–70 for control of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), in field plots of hops. One application (6.4 kg) or 2 applications spaced 8 wk apart (3.2 kg) of aldicarb/ha gave satisfactory control of both pests. Increased yield of hop cones was ca. three 200-lb bales/acre over the untreated check. Phorate and disulfoton controlled aphids but not mites. Dimefox did not control mites and was not evaluated against aphids. The remaining compounds HERC 17413 ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with 3-(mercaptomethyl)-l-methylhydantoin)), HERC 18526 ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorothioate S -ester with 3-mercaptomethyl)-1-methylhydantoin), TAR-TAN® ( S- (((1-cyano-1-methylethyl) carbamoyl) methyl) O, O -diethyl phosphorothioate), and BAY 68138 (Ethyl 4-(methylthio)- m -tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate) were ineffective for control of mites or aphids.
Relationships between the human sex ratio and the woman's microenvironment : Four tests.

Independent samples of women were surveyed to test Trivers and Willard’s hypothesis that the mother’s condition and her ability to invest in her offspring affect the (secondary) sex ratio of her offspring. Patterns of sex ratios (number of males per 100 females) were analyzed in conjunction with four attributes of a mother’s microenvironment: level of health in her community, family structure, relative access to resources, and her birthing history. The results inferentially support the hypothesis that the microenvironment of the woman would act to bias the sex ratio of her offspring. These specific data lend support to Trivers and Willard’s general hypothesis.
Severe Hypoglycemia Associated With Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Therapy

Hypoglycemia associated with sulfamethoxazole therapy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency has previously been documented. We report the case of an elderly patient with relatively normal renal function who developed severe hypoglycemia associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy.
The impact of major intraoperative adverse events on hospital readmissions.

Abstract Background Hospital-wide readmission rates recently became a recognized benchmarking quality metric. We sought to study the independent impact of major intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) on 30-day readmission in abdominal surgery. Methods The 2007 to 2012 institutional American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and administrative databases for abdominal operations were matched then screened for iAEs using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification –based Patient Safety Indicator "Accidental Puncture/Laceration". Flagged charts were reviewed to confirm the presence of iAEs. Major iAEs were defined as class 3 or above, as per our recently validated iAE Classification System. The inpatient database was queried for readmission within 30 days from discharge. Univariate and multivariable models were constructed to analyze the independent impact of major iAEs on readmission, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiology class, and procedure type/approach/complexity (using relative value units as proxy). Reasons for readmission were investigated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification –based Clinical Classification Software. Results Of 9,274 surgical procedures; 921 resulted in readmission (9.9%), 183 had confirmed iAEs, 73 of which were major iAEs. Procedures with major iAEs had a higher readmission rate compared with procedures with no iAEs [24.7% vs 9.8%, P P = .008]; 67% of readmissions after major iAEs were caused by "complications of surgical procedures or medical care" as defined by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Conclusions Major iAEs are independently associated with increased rates of 30-day readmission. Preventing iAEs or mitigating their effects can serve as a quality improvement target to decrease surgical readmissions.
Working my way out

Less than 24 hours after the mass murders that took place at a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, in June, I posted an emotionally raw message on social media. I usually avoid posting about potentially divisive issues, but I made an exception because, as a gay man, I wanted to reach out to the LGBTQ
NEUROVASCULAR DOCUMENTATION IN DISPLACED SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES

Purposes of study Evaluation of the pre-operative documentation of neurovascular status in children presenting with Gartland Grades 2 and 3 supracondylar fractures and the development of an Emergency Department Proforma. Methods and results A retrospective case-note review was performed on patients with Gartland Grade 2 and 3 supracondylar fractures observed in a two-year period from July 2008 – July 2010. 137 patients were included; sixteen patients (11.7%) sustained a Gartland Grade 2a fracture, sixty patients (43.8%) a Gartland Grade 2b fracture and sixty-one (44.5%) a Gartland Grade 3 fracture. Mean patient age at presentation was 5.59 years (range 12 months to 13 years). Nineteen patients (13.9%) had evidence of neurological deficit at presentation and thirteen patients (9.5%) presented with an absent radial pulse. Only twelve patients (8.8%) and nineteen patients (13.9%) respectively had a complete pre-operative neurological or vascular assessment documented. Regarding the individual nerves, fifty-nine (43.1%) patients had median nerve integrity documented, fifty-five (40.1%) ulnar nerve and forty-nine (35.8%) radial nerve integrity documented. Only eighteen patients (13.1%) had their anterior interosseous nerve function documented. Ten patients (7.3%) had post-operative neurological dysfunction, consisting of eight ulnar nerve injuries, and two radial nerve injuries. vi) Conclusions Pre-operative documentation of neurovascular status in children with displaced supracondylar fractures was poor. Documentation of anterior interosseous nerve examination was particularly poor. We propose the introduction of a proforma (Liverpool Upper-limb Fracture Assessment – LUFA) to increase documentation of neurovascular assessment and optimise emergency department evaluation of children presenting with upper limb injuries.
Abstract 27: Understanding mechanisms of nutrient homeostasis: Amino acid availability and regulation of V-ATPase activity

Cellular homeostasis requires accurate sensing of nutrient levels and subsequent regulation of biosynthetic and catabolic cellular processes. In cancer cells, metabolism is frequently disregulated to meet the increased demand for cellular building blocks to enable growth and proliferation. Thorough understanding of how homeostatic processes are regulated is necessary to determine how these processes could be manipulated to stop tumor growth. This study aims to understand amino acid homeostasis, with particular focus on the regulation of lysosomal activity, which allows protein breakdown and release of free amino acids. We have identified a novel mechanism of amino acid homeostasis whereby amino acid starvation leads to increased activity of the Vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase), as indicated by measurement of V-ATPase-dependent FITC-dextran fluorescence quenching in isolated lysosomes. The V-ATPase is the proton pump responsible for acidifying intracellular compartments, which is necessary for lysosomal function and protein degradation. This increased activity is due to an increase in the amount of fully assembled holoenzymes, as detected by cell fractionation and Western blotting to assess peripheral subunit association with membranes. Assembly of V-ATPase holoenzymes is a tightly controlled process. We describe the function of these changes with respect to lysosomal protein turnover and mTORC1 activation, in which the V-ATPase plays a critical role. We have also sought to characterize the signaling events that transmit the amino acid starvation signal and controls V-ATPase activity in response to changes in amino acid availability in normal and cancer cells that rely on lysosomal function. These changes do not depend on PI3K or mTORC1 activity, both of which have been linked to changes in V-ATPase activity and assembly in other response to other stimuli, such as glucose and growth factor stimulation and are highly activated across cancers. Together, these results shed light on a poorly understood aspect of cellular biology and novel mechanisms of amino acid homeostasis. Citation Format: Laura A. Stransky, Michael Forgac. Understanding mechanisms of nutrient homeostasis: Amino acid availability and regulation of V-ATPase activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 27.
Genius, Eminence, and Giftedness

Genius, eminence, and giftedness involve exceptional abilities valued by members of a society. However, these abilities differ in the average age of their identification and the degree of impact they have on a particular discipline. Giftedness typically is recognized in an individual's childhood achievements, while genius and eminence tend to be adult phenomena requiring major creative breakthroughs or distinction in one's field of interest. After presenting the historical context that continues to influence current practices, this article describes the characteristics, theories, and cultivation of giftedness, genius, and eminence. The similarities and differences between these three valuable constructs are highlighted.
Simulation in Perspective

Discrete-event simulation consists of a collection of techniques that, when applied to the study of a discrete-event dynamical system, generates sequences called sample paths that characterize its behavior. The collection includes: Modeling concepts for abstracting the essential features of a system into a coherent set of precedence and mathematical relationships among its elements Specially designed software for converting these relationships into computer-executable code capable of generating the requisite sample-path data Procedures for converting these data into estimates of system performance Methods for assessing how well these estimates approximate true, but unknown, system behavior.
Quantitative evaluation of correlation-based 3D vs. 2D speckle tracking using finite element cardiac mechanical model and in-vitro phantom

Two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking (ST) has been used extensively over the years in many different ultrasound (US) elasticity imaging applications with some limitations. 2D ST is limited especially for cardiac applications because of the 3D and complex motion of the heart. Out-of-plane motion is a major source of decorrelation for 2D ST. Recently 3D ST based on full 3D kernel search has been developed to overcome these limitations. In this study, the improvement of 3D ST performance compared to 2D ST is quantitatively analyzed via both a finite element (FE) based cardiac mechanical model and water tank experiments using a tissue phantom. Finite element based analysis suggested an improvement of about two folds in the errors. Considerable improvement in the quality of the displacement estimate images was observed in the experiments.
An Economic Analysis of Protectionism in the United States with Implications for International Trade in Europe

This article is about protectionism. It is divided into four parts. Part 1 reviews the philosophy of protectionism, and analyzes the various arguments that have been given to support it over the years. These arguments have generally supported producers at the expense of the general public. Part 2 examines the cost of protectionism, both monetary and nonmonetary, and concludes that protectionism results in a deadweight loss to the economy. Part 3 examines antidumping in theory and practice and concludes that it is an irrational policy that results in deadweight losses and violates rights. The final section discusses U.S. protectionist trade policy and its implications for trade with Europe.
Deoxygenation and Reoxygenation

Too frequently, sewage disposal is thought of as synonymous with discharge into the nearest body of water. Such is not the case. Ultimate disposal (that is, final oxygen equilibrium) is inescapable...
Exploring Faculty Perceptions of Student Incivility in Social Work: Results from a National Survey

The literature suggests that incivility is a growing problem in college classrooms, but few studies have examined incivility within social work programs. Using a national sample of social work instructors (n=327), this study examined faculty experiences with social work student incivility in both undergraduate and graduate education. Results showed that some behaviors often deemed disrespectful or inattentive do occur in social work classrooms, and they occur more frequently in undergraduate classes than graduate classes. Although rare, hostile behaviors were also reported by faculty. Discussion of these findings includes recommendations for addressing incivility in the context of preparing social work students for professional practice.
Abstract 331: Angiotensinogen Inhibition by Antisense Oligonucleotides Decreases Atherosclerosis and Obesity in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Background and Objective: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exerts profound effects on experimental atherosclerosis. While there is evolving evidence of the complexity of the RAS, angiotensinogen (Agt) remains the single precursor for all known angiotensin peptides. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent effects of inhibiting Agt synthesis on atherosclerosis. Methods and results: Male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet (21% wt/wt milk fat; 0.2% wt/wt cholesterol) for 3 months. Mice were injected weekly i.p. with either an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to Agt (ISIS #261333 at 50 mg/kg/week or #487022 at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/week) or a control ASO (ISIS #141923 at 50 mg/kg/week; n=10 mice per group). Administration of Agt ASO led to ∼90% reduction in plasma Agt concentrations (P<0.001) and a marked reduction in hepatic Agt mRNA abundance (P<0.05). There was also an expected dose-dependent increase in plasma renin concentrations (P<0.001). Agt ASO administrati...
Localizing and Visualizing Relative Attributes

In this chapter, we present a weakly supervised approach that discovers the spatial extent of relative attributes, given only pairs of ordered images. In contrast to traditional approaches that use global appearance features or rely on keypoint detectors, our goal is to automatically discover the image regions that are relevant to the attribute, even when the attribute’s appearance changes drastically across its attribute spectrum. To accomplish this, we first develop a novel formulation that combines a detector with local smoothness to discover a set of coherent visual chains across the image collection. We then introduce an efficient way to generate additional chains anchored on the initial discovered ones. Finally, we automatically identify the visual chains that are most relevant to the attribute (those whose appearance has high correlation with attribute strength), and create an ensemble image representation to model the attribute. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate our method’s promise relative to several baselines in modeling relative attributes.
Friends and family: A literature review on how high school social groups influence advanced math and science coursetaking

In this study, we synthesized the literature on how informal contexts, namely friends and family social groups, shape high school students’ likelihood of pursuing advanced math and science coursework. Extending scholarly understandings of STEM education, we turned to the body of literature with three guiding questions: (1) What influence do friends have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (2) What influence does family, particularly parents, have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (3) Do the effects vary by gender among each social group? By synthesizing existing literature on the influence of family and friends on advanced math and science coursetaking in high school, we find that both friends and families can influence the number of advanced math and science courses students complete, but the amount of advanced coursework students complete also varies based on the gender of the individual student, the gender of his/her friends, as well as by mother or father. Implications and limitations are discussed.