cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Production System and Costs for Propagating Dogwood Cultivars from Softwood Cuttings

Propagation of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) cultivars from softwood cuttings offers a successful alternative method to producing cultivars by field budding of dogwood seedlings. The total ...
Minority-White income inequality across metropolitan areas: The role of racial/ethnic residential segregation and transportation networks

Racial/ethnic inequality is a common feature of urban life. This paper attempts to identify spatial structures that contribute to disparities in White and minority incomes. In a study of 49 core ba...
“L’Utopie serait-elle institutionnalisée?”: Georges Perec at the Moulin d’Andé

AbstractThis essay offers a much-needed history of the Moulin d’Ande, a utopian community in Normandy that welcomed an array of political, intellectual, and artistic figures. In particular, it focu...
An Adaptive Opportunistic Spectrum Access Algorithm Based on Packet Length of Secondary User Service Request

As to the unslotted primary user network, opportunistic spectrum access for a single secondary user under periodic sensing framework was analyzed. By constructing the secondary user channel sense and access model, we proposed an opportunistic spectrum access algorithm based on packet length of secondary user service request. The proposed algorithm could automatically modify the strategy of opportunistic spectrum access according to the service data packet length allocated by each slot. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the secondary users expect effective throughput under the condition of tight interference, and realize the tradeoff between effective throughput and collision probability, as well as possessing the robustness if exotic environment changes.
SGML and the USMARC standard: Applying markup to bibliographic data

Abstract The recent increase in electronic publishing has led many in the library community to consider altering standards for bibliographic data to promote greater compatibility between digital works and their bibliographic representation. The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) has been prominently mentioned as a mechanism for encoding bibliographic data. This paper will examine the problems and potential of applying SGML to the USMARC record standard, with a particular emphasis on issues of field order and repeatability, character set encoding, and obsolete fields.
P104 Theory-Informed Predictors of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Cost-Offset Community Supported Agriculture Enrollees

Background In cost-offset, community-supported agriculture (CO-CSA), low-income households receive subsidized shares of locally-grown produce with the aim of improving their access to and consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV). Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is a commonly leveraged behavior change theory and informed the design of a CO-CSA plus nutrition education intervention trial for low-income households. Objective To examine the cross-sectional relationships between SCT-related variables and FV intake among CO-CSA enrollees at baseline. We hypothesized that nutrition-related attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy as well as perceived FV availability and accessibility would be significant predictors of FV intake. Study Design, Setting, Participants In Spring 2016 and 2017, adult enrollees (n = 305) completed a baseline questionnaire containing study-specific and validated questions to measure nutrition-related psychosocial (knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs), environmental (FV availability and accessibility), and behavioral factors (self-efficacy) in relation to self-reported and proxy measures of FV intake (National Cancer Institute's All-Day FV Screener and resonance Raman spectroscopy to assess dermal carotenoid status). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Descriptive statistics and multiple regression models were completed in SPSS. Models controlled for demographic characteristics. Self-efficacy to prepare and eat FV (β = 0.27, P ≤ .001) and in-home FV availability (β = 0.13, P = .04) were significant predictors of self-reported daily FV intake (R2 = 0.121, P ≤ .001). In-home FV availability (β = 0.20, P ≤ .001), accurate knowledge of FV recommendations (β = 0.15, P = .008), and perceived geographic access to FV (β = 0.11, P = .046) were significant predictors of carotenoid status (R2 = 0.227, P ≤ .001). Conclusions Among a set of SCT-related variables, knowledge of FV recommendations, geographic access to FV, in-home availability of FV, and self-efficacy to prepare and eat FV were significant predictors of FV intake. However, these only explained 22-23% of outcome variability among a sample of CO-CSA adult enrollees. SCT alone may not be the most appropriate theory through which to understand potential levers of FV intake among adults participating in CO-CSA programs.
An Injury Prevention Program for Professional Ballet: A Randomized Controlled Investigation.

Background:Few investigations have examined dance-specific injury prevention programs (IPPs), and no published randomized controlled trials are available that evaluate IPPs for dance.Hypothesis:The...
Facility Design Part I – Process Considerations

Simulation facility design is not just about the outcome, but how one gets to the desired outcome. Owners and users must accept that the end-product will never be perfect, but working to avoid common preventable errors and omissions is an important consideration. A well-defined design team, lines of communication, effective project management, cross-checks, seeking advice from others are but a few of the considerations to reaching an outcome that meets the end-users and stakeholders needs. With all this said, we remind the reader that a facility is part of a simulation program, and a spectacular facility will be meaningless without a program that is effective, efficient, and sustainable.
Graphical Presentations of Clinical Data in a Learning Electronic Medical Record.

Background Complex electronic medical records (EMRs) presenting large amounts of data create risks of cognitive overload. We are designing a Learning EMR (LEMR) system that utilizes models of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians' data access patterns to identify and then highlight the most relevant data for each patient. Objectives We used insights from literature and feedback from potential users to inform the design of an EMR display capable of highlighting relevant information. Methods We used a review of relevant literature to guide the design of preliminary paper prototypes of the LEMR user interface. We observed five ICU physicians using their current EMR systems in preparation for morning rounds. Participants were interviewed and asked to explain their interactions and challenges with the EMR systems. Findings informed the revision of our prototypes. Finally, we conducted a focus group with five ICU physicians to elicit feedback on our designs and to generate ideas for our final prototypes using participatory design methods. Results Participating physicians expressed support for the LEMR system. Identified design requirements included the display of data essential for every patient together with diagnosis-specific data and new or significantly changed information. Respondents expressed preferences for fishbones to organize labs, mouseovers to access additional details, and unobtrusive alerts minimizing color-coding. To address the concern about possible physician overreliance on highlighting, participants suggested that non-highlighted data should remain accessible. Study findings led to revised prototypes, which will inform the development of a functional user interface. Conclusion In the feedback we received, physicians supported pursuing the concept of a LEMR system. By introducing novel ways to support physicians' cognitive abilities, such a system has the potential to enhance physician EMR use and lead to better patient outcomes. Future plans include laboratory studies of both the utility of the proposed designs on decision-making, and the possible impact of any automation bias.
Smoking Cessation Is Essential Prior to Bariatric Surgery

Smoking is prevalent in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. As many as 25% are active smokers and one-third are former smokers. Multiple studies have documented the adverse effects of smoking following abdominal operations. Currently, the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recommends smoking cessation prior to bariatric surgery. The aim of this chapter is to review the bariatric literature on the effects of smoking to support these recommendations. Twenty-seven studies were found exploring the effects of smoking on post-bariatric outcomes. No randomized controlled trials exist. Evidence supports the increased risk of 30-day complications and pulmonary complications among smokers. Studies also support the increased risk of marginal ulcer with smoking, though the true effect of preoperative smoking versus smoking at the time of ulcer detection remains unclear. The effect of smoking on VTE, ICU requirement, and mortality after bariatric surgery is inconclusive. Nonetheless, based on the available data, we strongly recommend smoking cessation prior to undergoing bariatric surgery. Randomized controlled trials can aid in identifying the minimum duration of cessation required to mitigate adverse effects as well as methods that best promote preoperative smoking cessation and sustained abstinence.
Mitochondrial proton leaks and uncoupling proteins.

Abstract Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which provides a carefully regulated proton re-entry pathway across the mitochondrial inner membrane operating in parallel to the ATP synthase and allowing respiration, and hence thermogenesis, to be released from the constraints of respiratory control. In the 40 years since UCP1 was first described, an extensive, and frequently contradictory, literature has accumulated, focused on the acute physiological regulation of the protein by fatty acids, purine nucleotides and possible additional factors. The purpose of this review is to examine, in detail, the experimental evidence underlying these proposed mechanisms. Emphasis will be placed on the methodologies employed and their relation to the physiological constraints under which the protein functions in the intact cell. The nature of the endogenous, UCP1-independent, proton leak will also be discussed. Finally, the troubled history of the putative novel uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3, will be evaluated.
Temporal physical activity patterns are associated with obesity in U.S. adults

Abstract Few attempts have been made to incorporate multiple aspects of physical activity (PA) to classify patterns linked with health. Temporal PA patterns integrating time and activity counts were created to determine their association with health status. Accelerometry data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 was used to pattern PA counts and time of activity from 1999 adults with one weekday of activity. Dynamic time warping and kernel k-means clustering partitioned 4 participant clusters representing temporal PA patterns. Multivariate regression models determined associations between clusters and health status indicators and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Cluster 1 with a temporal PA pattern of the lowest activity counts reaching 4.8e4 cph from 6:00–23:00 was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (β = 2.5 ± 0.6 kg/m2, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.1), higher waist circumference (WC) (β = 6.4 ± 1.3 cm, 95% CI: 2.8, 10.0), and higher odds of obesity (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.4) compared with Cluster 3 with activity counts reaching 9.6e4–1.2e5 cph between 16:00–21:00. Cluster 1 was also associated with higher BMI (β = 1.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.1, 2.8) and WC (β = 3.6 ± 1.3 cm, 95% CI: 0.1, 7.0) compared to Cluster 4 with activity counts reaching 9.6e4 cph between 8:00–11:00. A Temporal PA pattern with the lowest PA counts had significantly higher mean BMI and WC compared to temporal PA patterns of higher activity counts performed early (8:00–11:00) or late (16:00–21:00) throughout the day. Temporal PA patterns appear to meaningfully link to health status.
Thick Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes on InP substrate

We present gain, dark current and excess noise characteristics of PIN Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 (hereafter AlGaAsSb) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on InP substrates with 1000 nm thick multiplier layers. The AlGaAsSb APDs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a digital alloy technique (DA) to avoid phase separation. Current-voltage measurements give a peak gain of ~ 42, a breakdown voltage of – 54.3 V, and a dark current density at a gain of 10 of ~ 145 μA/cm2. Excess noise measurements of multiple AlGaAsSb APDs show that k (the ratio of electron and hole impact ionization coefficients) is ~ 0.01. This k-value is comparable to Si, which is widely used for visible and near-infrared APDs. The low dark current density and low excess noise suggest that such thick AlGaAsSb layers are promising multipliers in separate absorption, charge and multiplication (SACM) structures for short-wavelength infrared applications such as optical communication and LIDAR, particularly on a commercial InP platform.
Temperature in the Hospitalized Patient

BACKGROUND: Human body temperature and its variations are believed to be linked to clinical diagnoses. However, most of the available data stems from healthy individuals, with no large-scale studies addressing body temperature among inpatients. The focus of our report is to determine the role of measurement site, age, and gender on body temperature among hospitalized patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a total of 695,107 temperature readings from 16,245 patients hospitalized over 1-year period at a tertiary medical center, ages 0 to 105 years, 50% female, with measurements sites: rectal, monotherm, axillary, oral, temporal, and tympanic. The average temperature (Tave) per patient and per site of measurement was used in all calculations. The data was analyzed with EXCEL and MATLAB. Descriptive statistics, Student's T-test, and Pearson's correlation were used, where appropriate, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. FINDINGS: Tave from all measurement sites was 98.13 /-0.48 (SD) F (36.74 /-0.27 C) with positively skewed normal distribution. Tave varied by site of measurement, in decreasing order highest-to-lowest being rectal, monotherm, axillary, oral, temporal, and tympanic, all of which were higher than the available reported averages for healthy subjects. Tave from most measurement sites decreased as patients' age increased. On average and when including all per-person Tave readings from all measurement sites, women had a slightly lower body temperature (98.19 /-0.47 F (36.77 /-0.26 C)) compared to men (98.22 /-0.49 F (36.79 /-0.27 C)) which reached statistical but likely no physiological significance. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the gender-based difference is highest among younger adults, with similar results available from outpatient studies. Finally, we found differences in Tave between the ICUs, listed from highest-to-lowest: Neuro ICU, Pediatric ICU, Surgical ICU, Cardiac ICU, Medical ICU. However, there was no difference between all ICUs and non-ICU patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrates the various trends of average body temperatures in a hospitalized patient. It quantifies variability in body temperature, based on gender, age, location of the patient, and method of measurement. It confirms trends previously identified among healthy subjects are preserved in the inpatient setting. To our knowledge, ours is the first study that evaluates the temperatures of all hospitalized patients at a large tertiary medical center. Funding: None Declaration of Interest: None of the authors of this manuscript have a conflict of interest related to this manuscript. Ethical Approval: Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval for exemption was obtained prior to initiating the study. All data was collected retrospectively.
A comparison of two methods for estimating critical swimming speed (UCRIT) in larval fathead minnows: the laminar flow assay and the spinning task assay.

Critical swimming performance (UCRIT) is considered a good predictor of swimming capabilities in fish. To estimate UCRIT, a fish is exposed to an incrementally-increasing laminar flow of water until it cannot maintain its position against the current. The spinning task assay has been proposed as an alternative method to traditional laminar flow methods; however, these methods have not been directly compared. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether the spinning task assay is a suitable alternative to traditional laminar flow assays. To that end, the performance of fathead minnows in each assay was compared at three time points (14, 19 and 24 days post fertilization, dpf). In 14 dpf fish, UCRIT estimates were similar regardless of the assay used. However, at 19 and 24 dpf, UCRIT estimates derived from the two assay types were significantly different. This indicates that the assays are not equivalent to one another and that the spinning task assay is not a suitable alternative to the laminar flow assay for the determination of UCRIT.
HIV-seropositive drug users and unprotected sex.

This study assessed the extent to which HIV-seropositive drug users placed others at risk of infection through unprotected sex, and investigated demographic and behavioral factors contributing to unprotected sex. Structured interviews were conducted as part of a multisite research project funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Analyses were performed on responses from 106 sexually active, HIV-seropositive drug users from Denver, Detroit, New Orleans, St. Louis, and West Palm Beach. Nearly half of the respondents reported having unprotected sex in the 6 months preceding the interview. Results of a multiple logistic regression, controlling for differences in demographic characteristics across the five cities, revealed that the strongest predictor of unprotected sex was being of an ethnicity other than African-American. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the HIV prevention, counseling and educational needs of HIV-seropositive drug users, and the need for continuing research with this population.
Indirect probes of dark matter and globular cluster properties from dark matter annihilation within the coolest white dwarfs

White dwarfs (WD) capture dark matter (DM) as they orbit within their host halos. These captured particles may subsequently annihilate, heating the stellar core and preventing the WD from cooling. The potential wells of WDs are considerably deeper and core temperatures significantly cooler than those of main sequence stars. Consequently, DM evaporation is less important in WDs and DM with masses ${M}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, and annihilation cross sections orders of magnitude below the canonical thermal cross section ($⟨{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{a}}\mathrm{v}⟩\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}46}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}/\mathrm{s}$) can significantly alter WD cooling in particular astrophysical environments. We consider WDs in globular clusters (GCs) and dwarf galaxies. If the parameters of the DM particle are known, then the temperature of the coolest WD in a GC can be used to constrain the DM density of the cluster's halo (potentially even ruling out the presence of a halo if the inferred density is of order the ambient Galactic density). Recently, several direct detection experiments have seen signals whose origins might be due to low mass DM. In this paper, we show that if these claims from CRESST, DAMA, CDMS-Si, and CoGeNT could be interpreted as DM, then observations of NGC 6397 limit the fraction of DM in that cluster to be ${f}_{\mathrm{DM}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. This would be an improvement over existing constraints of 3 orders of magnitude and would clearly rule out a significant DM halo for this cluster. More generally, we show how such observations constrain combinations of DM and GC properties. Building on previous work, we also show how observations of WDs in dwarf galaxies, such as Segue I, can provide novel constraints on low-mass DM or DM with very low contemporary annihilation cross sections as may be realized in models in which $s$-wave annihilation is suppressed and $p$-wave annihilation dominates. This paper provides further motivation for high-quality observations of stellar populations as a probe of dark matter.
Technique to eliminate sorting in IP packet forwarding devices

This paper presents a solution to eliminate the requirements of sorting by prefix length in IP forwarding devices using ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs). These do away with delays arising from inserting into a sorted list. To achieve this, the routing table entries in the TCAM are split by output port. This solution requires slight modifications to current TCAMs including the elimination of the built-in encoder. Overall, the solution presented reduces the insertion problem to lookup speed while maintaining similar clock rates and storage requirements of the traditional TCAMs.
On the Quantificational Force of English Free Relatives

The late 70’s and early 80’s witnessed considerable debate as to the correct syntactic analysis of free relatives in English and other languages with a similar construction: is the internal structure of an NP free relative basically like that of an ordinary NP, or is its internal structure instead like that of other wh constituents such as wh questions? The underlying concern surrounding this debate was whether the gap in a free relative could be analyzed as the result of wh movement; this question in turn, of course, bore on the status of Subjacency and on the feasibility of reducing a large class of phenomena to wh movement. But the correct syntactic analysis of free relatives also has significant implications for the syntax/semantics map and for the theory of NP meanings, and it is to this question that this paper is addressed. In particular, I wikk present some ecidence suggesting that English free relatives do indeed have the internal strcture of other wh constituents — they contain no overt lexical head and therefore also contain no overt quantificational element.1 Just how and why, then, du these have NP-type meanings and — given the claim that there is no overt lexical quantifier — what is it that supplies them with their particular quantificational force?
An Introduction to Subcellular Nanomedicine: Current Trends and Future Developments

Drug therapy is based largely on the paradigm that an ideal drug will selec-tively exert a desired pharmacological activity free from negative side effects to modulate either the symptoms or the underlying biochemical cause of a disease to provide a beneﬁ t to the patient. In order to have such selective action, the drug molecule should ideally interact with only the disease - associ-ated biochemical pathway but have no activity with respect to any normal biochemical pathway. This principle was famously explored by Paul Ehrlich in his search for agents with selective toxicity toward bacteria. Ehrlich ’ s work is widely accepted to have given rise to the concept of the ideal drug molecule as a “ magic bullet, ” a term that he used for the ﬁ rst time in his Harben Lectures [1] . Finding such selective molecules is relatively easy when there are signiﬁ cant differences between the disease - causing process and normal human biochemical pathways, as in the case of infectious diseases. Not surprisingly, in the decades since Ehrlich ’ s work infectious diseases have become much easier to treat but it does bear consideration that the lack of activity in non-disease cells is dose dependent and not absolute. Most drugs that are consid-ered to be selectively toxic to invading pathogens are in fact toxic to human cells as well but just at higher doses. However, given that the new challenges in drug therapy lie in the treatment of diseases associated with malfunctions
Iterative adaptive l/sub p/ restoration of blurred images

A new model adaptive method is presented for restoration of blurred and noise corrupted images by exploiting information available from observed data to choose the appropriate optimization criterion. The derived maximum likelihood solution is based on the l/sub p/ minimization criterion that naturally arises from the adoption of the generalized p-Gaussian family of probability distributions as an additive noise model. A fast and efficient iterative algorithm for this adaptive method is developed and analyzed. Experimental results indicate that this method adapts to the non-Gaussian nature of the noise process and outperforms the least squares method, which lacks the flexibility of the former method. >
Antiketonemic and Antiketogenic Actions of Carnitine in Vivo and in Vitro in Rats

The effect of carnitine on ketone and lipid metabolism in intact rats and in isolated tissues was investigated. DL-Carnitine (200 mg/100 g body weight) administered orally lowered by approximately 40-65% plasma concentrations of ketone bodies in suckling rats and fasted adult rats. It also suppressed hyperketonemia induced by corn oil feeding in suckling and adult rats by approximately 30-60%. Carnitine did not change beta-hydroxybutyrate oxidation in heart and kidney mitochondria. Incubation of carnitine with tissue slices of cerebral cortex, kidney and diaphragm did not affect 14CO2 production or lipid synthesis from DL-[3-14C]-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The compound reduced the urinary concentration and excretion of ketone bodies in rats fed corn oil but had no effect in rats not treated with corn oil. Although DL-carnitine at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 mM stimulated ketone production in hepatocytes, at a higher concentration (i.e., 40 mM) it produced a sharp depression in ketogenesis. These results indicate that carnitine does not stimulate ketone utilization by extrahepatic tissues. The antiketonemic effect of carnitine in rats treated with a high dose of the compound most likely results from inhibition of hepatic ketone production. An excessive increase in free carnitine by exogenous administration could upset the equilibrium fat conversion of acylcarnitine to acylCoA in mitochondria and hence suppress beta-oxidation and ketogenesis.
Role of SA–Lea and E-selectin in metastasis assessed with peptide antagonist

E-selectin ligand Sialyl-Lewis a (SA-Le(a)) carbohydrate is expressed on many carcinomas. Peptide mimicking SA-Le(a) (DLWDWVVGKPAG) was previously selected from a recombinant library by screening with monoclonal antibody (MAb) NS19-9. In this study, the residues critical for interaction with the NS19-9 were mapped using peptide array generated by substitution of various amino acid residues. The replacement of Trp 5 with Phe resulted in a change of peptide's secondary structure and increased binding with MAb and E-selectin, suggesting improved carbohydrate mimicry. Colonization of tumor cells expressing SA-Le(a) was blocked by the peptide and was completely abolished in E-selectin knock out mice. The data suggest the critical role of carbohydrate antigens and E-selectin in metastasis and that peptides mimicking carbohydrate antigens can function as antagonists of this process.
Infrared spectrum of the ν6, ν7, and ν8 bands of NHO3

Abstract The high-resolution spectrum of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) has been measured from 500 to 800 cm −1 . The ν 8 band is a C -type out-of-plane vibration and both ν 6 and ν 7 are in-plane vibrations giving rise to A -type bands. The band centers are at 580.3035(5) cm −1 for ν 7 , 646.8262(5) cm −1 for ν 6 , and 763.1543(5) cm −1 for ν 8 . Constants are given that allow one to accurately calculate the infrared line positions for all three bands. The intensity of the ν 8 band is anomalous with an R branch that is much stronger than the P branch. Effective rotational intensity correction terms are given for both the ν 8 and the ν 6 band. An estimate is given for the relative transition moments for the ν 6 and ν 7 bands.
Inheritance of blackspot bruise resistance in potato

Inheritance of blackspot bruise reaction in tetraploid potato was studied using a five-parent half-diallel, including parental selfs. The parents were chosen to represent the full range of blackspot reactions. Four 12-plant replications of each family were grown at Aberdeen, Idaho and at Prosser, Washington. The abrasive-peel method was used to evaluate the blackspot reaction. Highly significant general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were observed for this trait. The GCA and SCA variances represented 59% and 9%, respectively, of the total variance. GCA effects are presented for the parents. The narrow sense heritability was 0.85. These results indicate that breeding for resistance to blackspot should be successful if resistant parents are used; backcrossing may be needed.
Effects of organic additions to sediment, and maternal age and size, on patterns of offspring investment and performance in two opportunistic deposit-feeding polychaetes

The investment made by a reproducing organism in its offspring can be affected by both extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic (female condition) factors. The purpose of this study, conducted between December 1990 and June 1992, was to examine the influence of organic additions to sediment, and female age and size, on patterns of offspring investment and performance in the opportunistic polychaete Capitella sp. I (cf. Capitella capitata Farbricius). Sediment treatments were composed of marsh mud enriched with sewage or algae, or spiked with #2 fuel oil. All three of these additions are associated with opportunistic responses in Capitella sp. I populations in the laboratory and field. As a means of comparison,effects of sewage additions were also examined on the spionid Streblospio benedicti Webster. Organic additions to mud had no detectable effect on the C or N content of embryos in either species. However, sewage had a positive effect on juvenile performance in Capitella sp. I. Juveniles produced by adult Capitella sp. I in the sewage treatment grew 2 times larger (in 2 wk) than juveniles produced by adults in the mud treatment when these juveniles were raised in the same sediment type (mud). Such effects may facilitate opportunistic responses in Capitella sp. I offspring by reducing time to first reproduction. In addition to treatment sediment effects, maternal age and size had a strong influence on patterns of offspring investment in Capitella sp. I. The material investiment measured in collected embryos declined with maternal age in the oil and sewage treatments. The C:N ratio of embryos increased with maternal age for Capitella sp. I except in the algae treatment, which showed no effect of maternal age. Juvenile growth decreased with maternal age in the sewage treatment for Capitella sp. I. Maternal size appeared to have a positive effect on embryo investment in the mud and oil treatments, where reproducing worms were smallest. Previous studies of Capitella sp. I have documented a broad range of environmentally induced responses in growth and fecundity.The results of this study emphasize the importance of maternal environment, age, and size effects on the relationship between offspring investment and performance.Such effects may have profound consequences for the dynamics of populations and the fitness of individuals.
Serotonin function is associated with behavioral response to a novel conspecific in marmosets.

The function of the central nervous system neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) contributes to individual differences in impulsive behavior in humans and nonhuman primates. We investigated the relationship between 5-HT function and behavioral responses to a novel social scenario in marmosets. In the first study, marmosets (n=10) were treated orally with fluoxetine HCl (FLX) or vehicle for two trial periods and exposed to a novel conspecific for a 20-min trial following each treatment. Levels of behavioral inhibition in response to a novel conspecific were quantified. The animals exhibited less inhibition toward the novel conspecific following the 14-day FLX treatment than they did following the vehicle treatment. In the second study we first characterized the parameters of the marmoset peripheral 5-HT system and further assessed the relationship between natural variation in peripheral 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels with behavioral inhibition in response to a novel conspecific (n=14). Individual peripheral 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels were higher in animals that exhibited more inhibition in response toward the stranger. We conclude that serotonergic influences play a role in behavioral response to a novel conspecific in marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 68:812–824, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Real-time implementation of adaptive feedback and feedforward generalized predictive control algorithm

The adaptive generalized predictive control (GPC), which combines the process of system identification using recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm and the process of generalized predictive feedback control design, has been presented and successfully implemented on testbeds. In this paper, the adaptive GPC algorithm is extended when the disturbance measurement signal is available for feedforward control. First, the adaptive feedback and feedforward GPC algorithm is presented when the disturbance is stochastic or random. Second, the adaptive algorithm is further extended when the disturbance is deterministic or periodic. In the second case, measured disturbance signals are used to estimate future disturbance values, which are used in the control design. The proposed adaptive GPC design algorithm with/without the future disturbance estimation is implemented in real time and demonstrated for the application of acoustic noise control, structural vibration control, and optical jitter control.
Acute Cutaneous Flare and Hemophagocytosis: An Unusual Presentation of Adult Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also known as hemophagocytic syndrome, is a disorder characterized by the pathologic activation and proliferation of histiocytes, mainly in the bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Although HLH is frequently associated with lymphomas, it is a rare presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). We report a case of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in an adult manifested as generalized cutaneous nodules and fulminant hemophagocytosis. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jh35e
Comparison of two hospital treatment programs for anorexia nervosa

Two inpatient programs for the treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa are compared for the rate and consistency of weight gain and the opinions of patients regarding their inpatient management. One program involved metabolic balance studies and emphasized finishing all prescribed meals. The other program used behavior modification and emphasized gaining weight. Overall average weight gain was similar in each program. The patients in the program emphasizing meal completion had a more predictable weight gain, whereas those in the program having greater freedom in meal selection and completion showed greater variability in weight gain. Hospital milieu and staff characteristics appear to be important elements in determining patients' opinions regarding their hospital experience. The “scientific” and controlled atmosphere in the program that included metabolic balance studies provided a consistent diet that was comforting to patients. In addition, a lower patient-to-nurse ratio appeared to be helpful.
Reproducibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and reverse transcriptase sequencing of plasma samples from heavily treated HIV-1-infected individuals

The reproducibility of population-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequencing was assessed using replicate aliquots of cryopreserved plasma samples obtained from seven heavily treated HIV-1-infected individuals. The sequence of each sample replicate was compared with the consensus sequence for that sample and 99.4% of 35128 amino acids were found to be concordant with the sample consensus. Partial discordances were present at 0.5% of positions and complete discordances were present at <0.1% of positions. To assess the reproducibility at detecting mutations (defined here as differences from the subtype B consensus sequence), the proportion of sequences having a mutation when at least two sequences from that sample had the same mutation were examined. There was a median of 13 protease and 18 RT mutations per sample for a total of 3126 mutations; 95% of these mutations were detected. However, sequencing of multiple clones from two samples demonstrated that those mutations present in a minority of clones were often not detected by population-based sequencing. These results suggest that HIV-1 protease and RT sequencing of circulating plasma virus is highly reproducible but that the sensitivity at detecting mutations may be low if those mutations are present as minor variants.
The rat amygdaloid nucleus: A morphometric right-left study

Abstract Our results indicate that Long-Evans male rats housed in standard conditions show no significant difference between the areas of sections of their left and right amygdalas. In contrast, the S1 strain maze-bright animals have a significantly greater right amygdala than left. Furthermore, the data indicate an overall increase in mean (R + L) 2 amygdala area from 6 to 400 days, except for a significant decrease in area from 26 to 90 days.
TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA (MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES) WITH 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID

Four patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Near complete clearing of extensive tumours and plaques was seen in one patient, who remains in partial remission with continued improvement after fifteen months. Two patients showed improvement in pruritus and 50% reduction in plaques by four and six weeks, respectively. The fourth patient had improvement in pruritus and clearing of plaques, but dryness and scaling necessitated reduction and eventually withdrawal of the treatment.
Conformational changes in cyclodecanone due to 2H substitution

Recently reported long-range deuterium isotope shifts of 13C NMR lines in [2-2H1]cyclodecanones are simply explained on the basis of changes in the averaging of otherwise equivalent conformations.
Compression of Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats: A Cause of Back Pain?

La substance P jouerait un role dans la douleur dorsale due a la compression d'un nerf vertebral. Role des opiaces chez les invertebres. Steroidogenese chez le cobaye. Developpement de la jonction neuromusculaire sous l'effet de l'ACTH. Effet de differents steroides sur le cancer de la prostate chez le rat. Recepteurs d'hormones steroides sexuelles au cours du cycle
Free recall of categorized and unrelated words under serial or grouped presentation

Sixty Ss were presented a list of 52 categorized or unrelated words for three free recall trials. The items of the list were read either serially or temporally grouped. The initial effect of the temporal procedure was to depress number of categories in recall. By Trial 3 it had facilitated both the number of words and clusters in the recall of unrelated words and the number of categories of related words.
Weak solvability of a parabolic equation arising in physical oceanography

The existence of solutions, by Schauder fixed point theorem, to a system of parabolic equations of thermocline theory in physical oceanography is established.
PHARYNGEAL IMPLANTATION OF ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI (STREP) IN NEONATES IN AN ICU

Pharyngeal implantation of a carefully selected strain of α-strep (#215) was attempted in 14 neonates with high titer abnormal colonization of the pharynx with potential pathogens (e.g., conforms, pseudomonads, staphylocccci) to convert the flora to “normal” (m-strep predominant). Serial semi-quantitative culture samples from 346 neonates in an ICU showed strong positive correlation between high titer abnormal colonization of the pharynx and infection. To date, no demonstrable systemic infection occurred in those infants with “normal” pharyngeal flora. All but one of the 14 infants received a single dose, approxinately 106 colony forming units (CFU), of strain 215. The youngest was 8 and the oldest 64 days old when given the strain. The pharyngeal flora of 10 of the infants became “normal” within 2-3 days. In 5, implantation is considered responsible for the change because only the implant type was recovered initially. In the other 5 infants a low (4% or less) to moderate (5-15%) proportion of their strep initially resembled the implant. The strain was not recovered from 4 infants. Included in the 4 is the first infant given the strain who received too low an inoculum (102-204 CFU). Another was given cholamphenicol within 24 hrs of the implant. The data show 1) Implantation can be carried cut in high titer abnormally colonized infants 2) “Normal” flora is attained in 2-3 days 3) The implant strain can be identified in mixed strep populations 4) No adverse effect of the implant strain has been noted.
Morale of workers exposed to high levels of occupational noise.

Abstract An investigation, was made of workers laboring under extremely high noise exposures, and a control group of employees subjected to normal factory noise. Through socio-metric studies and personal interviews, the administration of a scale especially devised to test job perception as a function of ego-involvement in work, and a review of illness-absence rates, injury rates, and frequency of dispensary visits, it was demonstrated that the Study Group, subjected to the highest noise levels and the most hazardous operational conditions, had a significantly higher level of morale than the Control Group, which labored under conditions which would appear to be far more advantageous. It was concluded that adverse factors such as noise and other disagreeable or even dangerous working conditions, do not determine morale or affect behavior on the job, but rather that high morale results from the worker's perception of his working conditions and his degree of ego-involvement in his job.
Noble gases in orthopyroxenite ALH84001: A different kind of martian meteorite with an atmospheric signature

Abstract Meteorite ALH84001, a recently identified martian orthopyroxenite, has xenon with higher ratios of 129 Xe 132 Xe (up to 2.15) than any previously identified martian sample except the glass in EETA79001, suggesting that it has incorporated a relatively large amount of martian atmosphere. As such, it should be a fruitful sample to study in order to try to determine incorporation mechanisms, but it is petrogenetically very different from other martian meteorites with similar noble gas signatures. We determine a cosmic-ray exposure age of 15.8±1.6 Ma, longer than any other martian meteorites, requiring either another impact event on Mars, or another breakup of a martian fragment en route to Earth. Argon systematics suggest an age much older than the other martian meteorites and may indicate a substantial amount of martian atmospheric argon as well. Excesses of 80Kr and 82Kr in one sample are consistent with neutron capture on bromine in situ, but not with an atmosphere rich in Br-derived isotopes.
2008 APSA Teaching and Learning Track Summaries—Track Three: Diversity, Inclusiveness, and Inequality

The participants in the Diversity, Inclusiveness, and Inequality track represented a great deal of diversity themselves and included faculty and students from a rich variety of research institutions, private liberal arts colleges, and community colleges. While participants engaged issues and strategies in each of the three substantive areas—diversity, inclusiveness, and inequality in education (DIIE)—the bulk of our conversations focused on diversity and inequality. Topics included curriculum and course content issues, negotiating institutional support for DIIE, challenges of student recruitment and retention, and negotiating power relationships and identities among different kinds of student populations both within and outside of the classroom. This summary reviews four sets of questions that the group addressed and that point to critical areas rich for future research and reflection. In brief these are: (1) How can we simultaneously promote learning about difference and learning about ourselves? (2) How can faculty develop a range of strategic pedagogies and classroom environments in order to avoid some of the challenges inherent in teaching about DIIE? (3) How can we move beyond narrow understandings of diversity that limit the concept solely to a category of identity, neglecting the ways in which diversity and inequality are categories of analysis, processes, and indicative of power relations? (4) What steps are necessary to more fully integrate DIIE across the political science curriculum?
Serotonin regulation of gill cAMP production, Na, and water uptake in freshwater mussels

Active Na transport in freshwater mussels was stimulated by addition of 10−4 M serotonin (5-HT) in the bath. Carrier kinetics apply to serotonin-stimulated Na uptake with no effect on the affinity (Km 10−4 M). The Jmaxi was increased 350% over controls to 5.83 μeq (g dry tissue · h)−1. Amiloride reversibly inhibited the 5-HT-stimulated Na influx. Serotonin also caused a net water uptake of 0.36 ml H2O (g dry tissue · h) −1, due, in part, to a reduction in renal filtration. When mussel gill tissue was incubated in pondwater containing 10−4 M 5-HT, cAMP content increased 2.5 times control levels within the first minute and then declined toward control values by 20 minutes. Theophylline (10−3 M) in the incubation medium prevented this decline. Dopamine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine (10−4 M in pondwater) increased gill cAMP concentrations; L-dopa did not. Both 5-HT and dopamine significantly increased gill cAMP concentration at 10−5 M.
Nitric Oxide Formation During Pulverized Coal Combustion

Abstract Data on the overall conversion of coal-nitrogen to NOx were obtained at 1250 K and 1750 K for a residence time of one second. The conversion of coal-nitrogen to NOx decreased monotonically with increasing fuel/oxygen equivalence ratio and decreased slightly with increasing temperature. Oxidation experiments were also carried out on char in order to separate the contribution to NOx emissions of the char from that of the volatiles. The char used was prepared by the pyrolysis of coal at a temperature and residence time corresponding to those of oxidation experiments. The conversion to NOx of char-nitrogen was lower than the corresponding value for coal-nitrogen. It was found that volatilized nitrogen compounds accounted for a major fraction of NOx produced from coal-nitrogen, especially at high temperatures and low fuel/oxygen equivalence ratios.
A mathematical modeling approach to resource allocation for railroad-highway crossing safety upgrades

State Departments of Transportation (S-DOT's) periodically allocate budget for safety upgrades at railroad-highway crossings. Efficient resource allocation is crucial for reducing accidents at railroad-highway crossings and increasing railroad as well as highway transportation safety. While a specific method is not restricted to S-DOT's, sorting type of procedures are recommended by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), United States Department of Transportation for the resource allocation problem. In this study, a generic mathematical model is proposed for the resource allocation problem for railroad-highway crossing safety upgrades. The proposed approach is compared to sorting based methods for safety upgrades of public at-grade railroad-highway crossings in Tennessee. The comparison shows that the proposed mathematical modeling approach is more efficient than sorting methods in reducing accidents and severity.