cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduction of self-destructive behavior by overcorrection.

Foxx and Azrin (1972) described a restitution or overcorrection procedure for eliminating ritualistic and other disruptive behaviors in retarded children. The rationale of the procedure was to educate the child to assume individual responsibility for the disruption generated by his misbehavior by requiring him to restore the disturbed situation to an improved state. In the case of ritualistic behaviors, the child is required to make a response incompatible with the ritualistic movement. Overcorrection has been used successfully to eliminate aggression in retarded and brain-damaged adults (Foxx & Azrin, 1972) , some motiliry disturbances in autistic children (Foxx & Azrin, 1973a), and inappropriate toileting behavior (Foxx & Azrin, 1973b; Freeman & Pribble, 1974). The case reported here extends the use of the overcorrection procedure to self-destructive behavior. The subject was a 6%-yr.-old female child, hospitalized at the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles. Her primary diagnosis was aphasia. However, on admission she exhibited a number of behavior problems. The behavior focused on in this report was nail-picking. S continually picked her nails and often caused bleeding. The procedure employed was to hold the child's hands down by her side for 1 min. each time she engaged in picking her nails. iavish positive reinforcement was given whenever she was engaging in appropriate behavior. The child attended school for 3 hr. daily, and it was during this time that the intervention was first made. Bursts of nail-picking were recorded in 30-min. intervals daily. Five days of baseline data preceded the intervention.
Labor Recruitment and Immigration in the Eastern North Carolina Food Industry

The food industry has been responsible for much of the immigration into North Carolina, with fruit and vegetable agriculture and factories for pro- cessing poultry, pickles, pork, and seafood central to the economies of the state's eastern coastal corridor. Different sectors of the food industry, however, influence communities of the region differently and have varied influences on the com- munities from which immigrants come. This article compares three branches of North Carolina's food industry - 1. poultry, pickle, and pork producers; 2. sea- food producers; and 3. fresh fruit and vegetable producers - in terms of their la- bor recruitment methods and how those methods have influenced receiving and sending communities. It concludes with a brief consideration of the relationship between immigrants and new food movements oriented toward eating healthier, more locally, and more organically.
Resurgence of membranous nephropathy in African Americans in inner city Chicago.

Background It is well established that the incidence of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) increased from 1970-1990 to become the leading primary glomerular disease in patients of African descent. Methods To determine whether this trend has continued in the past years in Chicago, adult, native kidney biopsies from January 2001 to December 2011 at our hospital were reviewed and collected relevant clinical information in patients with a primary glomerular disease including FSGS, membranous nephropathy (MN), minimal change disease (MCD), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Results In the 204 patients analyzed, MN was the most prevalent (32.7%), followed by FSGS (29.7%), IgAN (15.8%), MCD (14.4%), and MPGN (4.5%). Patients with MN had the highest proteinuria (7.9 gms/d) and were significantly older, more edematous, hypoalbuminemic, and hypercholesterolemic than those with FSGS. In both African Americans and Hispanics, MN was the most prevalent primary glomerular lesion at 39.2% and 34% respectively. Conclusions Comparable in size to prior cohorts of African Americans and Hispanics, our report demonstrates a reversal in the incidence of FSGS and MN in both ethnic groups where MN is now more prevalent. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a reverse in the upward trend of the prevalence of FSGS in African Americans.
Caffeine promotes global spatial processing in habitual and non-habitual caffeine consumers.

Information processing is generally biased toward global cues, often at the expense of local information. Equivocal extant data suggests that arousal states may accentuate either a local or global processing bias, at least partially dependent on the nature of the manipulation, task and stimuli. To further differentiate the conditions responsible for such equivocal results we varied caffeine doses to alter physiological arousal states and measured their effect on tasks requiring the retrieval of local versus global spatial knowledge. In a double-blind, repeated-measures design, non-habitual (Exp. 1; N=36, M=42.5±29 mg/day caffeine) and habitual (Exp. 2; N=34, M=579.5±311.5 mg/day caffeine) caffeine consumers completed four test sessions corresponding to each of four caffeine doses (0 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg). During each test session, participants consumed a capsule containing one of the three doses of caffeine or placebo, waited sixty minutes, and then completed two spatial tasks, one involving memorizing maps and one spatial descriptions. A spatial statement verification task tested local versus global spatial knowledge by differentially probing memory for proximal versus distal landmark relationships. On the map learning task, results indicated that caffeine enhanced memory for distal (i.e. global) compared to proximal (i.e. local) comparisons at 100 (marginal), 200, and 400 mg caffeine in non-habitual consumers, and marginally beginning at 200 mg caffeine in habitual consumers. On the spatial descriptions task, caffeine enhanced memory for distal compared to proximal comparisons beginning at 100 mg in non-habitual but not habitual consumers. We thus provide evidence that caffeine-induced physiological arousal amplifies global spatial processing biases, and these effects are at least partially driven by habitual caffeine consumption.
Chikungunya Fever: An Epidemiological Review of a Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness associated with severe, often debilitating polyarthralgias. The disease is caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arthropod-borne virus that is transmitted to humans primarily via the bite of an infected mosquito. Since a re-emergence of CHIKV in 2004, the virus has spread into novel locations, such as Europe, and has led to millions of cases of disease throughout countries in and around the Indian Ocean. The risk of importation of CHIKV into new areas is ever present because of the high attack rates associated with the recurring epidemics, the high levels of viremia in infected humans, and the worldwide distribution of the vectors responsible for transmitting CHIKV. In this review, we will characterize the epidemiology and global expansion of CHIKV, describe the clinical features and laboratory testing for the disease, and discuss priorities for further studies needed for effective disease control and prevention.
A new algorithm for optimum bit loading in subband coding

In this paper, we present an efficient bit loading algorithm for subband coding. The goal is to effect an optimal distribution of positive integer bit values among various subchannels to achieve a minimum distortion error variance. Existing algorithms in the literature grow with the total number of bits that must be distributed. The novelty of our algorithm lies in the fact that its complexity is independent of the total number of bits to be allocated.
On locally regular cellular neural networks

Since their inception, cellular neural networks (CNNs) have been divided into two classes, namely the uncoupled CNNs which do not have intercell feedback and their coupled counterparts which have feedback. The uncoupled class is fully analytically tractable and well understood, whereas the coupled class may exhibit complex dynamics prohibiting an exact analysis. In this paper, the author proposes a different dichotomy by defining the class of locally regular (LR) CNNs which comprises uncoupled and the most commonly used coupled networks. He shows that there is a unifying theory for the design and analysis of this class, and that LR CNNs meet all the requirements for a successful implementation in analog VLSI hardware. In particular, they can be made highly robust against deviations of both template parameters and cells' time constants, and they operate correctly on different classes of CNN chips, including sampled-data implementations and networks with high-gain or hardlimiting output nonlinearity. Furthermore, they can be numerically simulated very efficiently, since the integration step size may be chosen as large as the cell's time constant.
Efficient broadband Terahertz microstrip waveguide

We present a novel subwavelength microstrip architecture for efficient broadband THz waveguiding that utilizes dipole antennas at the input-face for enhanced THz coupling. Experiments as well as simulation results demonstrate efficient broadband waveguiding capability.
Nonlinearity of Response to Level-of-Service Variables in Travel Mode Choice Models

It is important to accommodate variations in responsiveness (or response heterogeneity) to level-of-service (LOS) attributes in travel mode choice models. This response heterogeneity may be disaggregated into a systematic (observed) component and a random (unobserved) component. Earlier studies typically considered systematic response heterogeneity by examining differences in LOS response sensitivities caused by individual demographic and other attributes. The emphasis of the presented research is on another element of systematic response heterogeneity: that originating from nonlinear responsiveness to LOS attributes. Specifically, both the components of systematic response heterogeneity (due to individual characteristics and nonlinear responsiveness) as well as unobserved response heterogeneity are considered at the same time, and the empirical results of models that assume a traditional linear responsiveness to LOS attributes are compared with those that adopt a nonlinear responsiveness to LOS attributes. The empirical analysis uses data from the Austin commuter stated preference survey to examine commute travel mode choice. The nonlinear specifications for travel time and travel time unreliability indicate that in the first 15 min commuters place little value on travel time and high value on travel time reliability. Beyond 15 min, however, the valuation of travel time increases rapidly, whereas that of travel time reliability drops dramatically. In addition to clearly indicating the nonlinear nature of responsiveness to travel time and travel time unreliability, the results indicate that ignoring nonlinear responsiveness leads, in the current empirical context, to (a) biased parameter estimates, (b) an inflated estimate of unobserved heterogeneity, (c) counterintuitive signs on the LOS variables for a high fraction of individuals, (d) inaccurate estimates of willingness-to-pay measures, and (e) loss in model fit.
Endoscope‐Assisted Second‐Stage Tympanomastoidectomy

Intact canal wall mastoidectomy techniques for cholesteatoma are often followed by a planned second look for residual disease and possible ossicular reconstruction. Endoscopic techniques may reduce morbidity but introduce new concerns. Twenty-five consecutive second-look procedures were performed from July 1994 to July 1996 utilizing endoscopes in 19 cases and avoiding or terminating their use in the others because of known difficult anatomy, inadequate exposure, or excessive bleeding. Thirteen cases were prospectively explored first through a planned exclusively endoscopic approach and then opened for a conventional second look in comparison. In one of the 13 cases, endoscopy was abandoned. There were no cases in which endoscopy yielded a false-negative result. Endoscopes underestimated the size of recurrence in one case. Our experience, indications, and precautions for endoscope-assisted second-stage tympanomastoidectomy are presented.
Neonatal oxygen adversely affects lung function in adult mice without altering surfactant composition or activity

Despite its potentially adverse effects on lung development and function, supplemental oxygen is often used to treat premature infants in respiratory distress. To understand how neonatal hyperoxia ...
Current Knowledge of Hagfish Reproduction: Implications for Fisheries Management

This review briefly summarizes the latest findings on reproductive endocrinology of Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and implications for fisheries management. In response to a major decline or collapse of the fisheries (groundfish and anadromous species) industry in the Northeast, species that were once considered alternative or underutilized have and are being identified that may be suitable for commercial harvest, one such example is the hagfish. Hagfish in recent years have been sought after as valuable fish not only for their flesh, but also their skin. Currently, there are no regulations governing the harvesting of hagfish along the East Coast. There has been little to no information of the life history of hagfish including growth rate, age determination, reproductive biology, life span, and larval size at hatching. Thus, the level at which a sustainable fisheries for this species can be maintained is unknown. In some parts of the world, hagfish stocks are being depleted due to overfishing. In order for fisheries management to manage its hagfish stocks and develop a sustainable commercial hagfish fishery, critical information is needed to assist in determining the optimal use of this valuable resource.Key elements of the reproductive system have not been elucidated in hagfish. However, there is new evidence from recent reproductive studies that Atlantic hagfish may have a seasonal reproductive cycle. These data include seasonal changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), gonadal steroids, estradiol and progesterone, corresponding to gonadal reproductive stages along with the putative identity of a functional corpus luteum. This newly acquired data may provide important information to fisheries managers of the East Coast.
Direct intra-tumoral injection of zinc-acetate halts tumor growth in a xenograft model of prostate cancer.

Intracellular levels of zinc have shown a strong inverse correlation to growth and malignancy of prostate cancer. To date, studies of zinc supplementation in prostate cancer have been equivocal and have not accounted for bioavailability of zinc. Therefore, we hypothesized that direct intra-tumoral injection of zinc could impact prostate cancer growth. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic properties of the pH neutral salt zinc acetate on the prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNCaP. Zinc acetate killed prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, independent of androgen sensitivity, in a dose-dependent manner in a range between 200 and 600 μM. Cell death occurred rapidly with 50% cell death by six hours and maximal cell death by 18 hours. We next established a xenograft model of prostate cancer and tested an experimental treatment protocol of direct intra-tumoral injection of zinc acetate. We found that zinc treatments halted the growth of the prostate cancer tumors and substantially extended the survival of the animals, whilst causing no detectable cytoxicity to other tissues. Thus, our studies form a solid proof-of-concept that direct intra-tumoral injection of zinc acetate could be a safe and effective treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
Divergent selection for ascites incidence in chickens.

Abstract Chicken lines that were either resistant or susceptible to ascites syndrome were developed by using a hypobaric chamber to induce the disease. Birds were reared in a hypobaric chamber that simulated high altitude by operating under a partial vacuum, which thereby lowered the partial pressure of oxygen. Ascites mortality data from birds reared under hypobaric chamber conditions were used to select siblings to be used for breeding. The response to selection for the susceptible (SUS) and resistant (RES) lines of chickens was very rapid from the base population, which exhibited an incidence of ascites of 75.3%. Extremes in the incidence of ascites were observed in generation 8, with line SUS exhibited an average incidence of ascites of 95.1%, and in generation 9, with line RES exhibited an average incidence of ascites of 7.1%. The incidence of ascites in the relaxed line remained relatively stable and currently has a general incidence of ascites of 60%. The heritability estimates ± SE for ascites were estimated to be 0.30 ± 0.05 and 0.55 ± 0.05 for lines SUS and RES, respectively. Changes in the incidence of ascites appeared to be associated with livability. By generation 10, selection for ascites in line RES increased livability by 11.5 d, whereas in line SUS, livability was decreased by 8 d. Although divergent selection for ascites resulted in a reduction in d 42 BW for both the SUS and RES lines, the SUS line was approximately 163 g heavier than the RES line. Negative genetic correlations between ascites and the right ventricle:total ventricle (RV:TV) ratio were observed in both the SUS and RES lines; however, no significant change in the RV:TV ratio was observed for birds reared under normal conditions in either line. The current data raise questions about the validity of using the RV:TV ratio as an indicator trait in a selection program designed to reduce the incidence of ascites. Overall, direct selection for resistance to ascites by using sire family performance appeared to be an effective means of reducing the incidence of ascites. However, simultaneous selection for BW should be applied to counterbalance the losses in correlated BW.
A Social-Interactional Model of the Development of Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence.

This study used longitudinal, multimethod data to examine specific patterns of behavioral interaction with parents and peers that were hypothesized to predict increasing levels of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Adolescents' struggles in establishing autonomy and relatedness in interactions with mothers, and a withdrawn, angry, or dependent pattern of behavior with a best friend, were assessed with observational and peer-report methods in a community sample of 143 adolescents, who were also assessed for levels of depressive symptoms at age 13 and with whom the authors followed up 1 year later. Study hypotheses were confirmed, with dysfunctional interaction patterns with parents and peers combining additively to account for substantial change variance in depressive symptoms over time. Results are interpreted as highlighting specific behavioral patterns that may be promising to address via psychosocial interventions targeting adolescent depression.
Thermodynamics of Mesoscopic Vortex Systems in 1+1 Dimensions

The behavior of vortices in dirty type-II superconductors has been a subject of intense studies in the past decade [1]. Aside from the obvious technological significance of vortex pinning, understanding the physics of such interacting many-body systems in the presence of quenched disorder is a central theme of modern condensed matter physics. Similarities between the randomly pinned vortex system and the more familiar mesoscopic electronic systems [2] are highlighted by a recent experimental study of a planar vortex array threaded through a thin crystal of 2H-NbSe2 by Bolle et al. [3]. Interesting behaviors, including the sample-dependent magnetic responses known as “fingerprints,” have been observed for such a mesoscopic vortex system. The disordered planar vortex array is well studied theoretically [4‐ 9]. It is one of the few disorder-dominated systems for which quantitative predictions can be made, including a finite-temperature “vortex glass” phase [5] characterized by anomalous vortex displacements [4], and universal variation of magnetic susceptibility [9]. However, until the work of Bolle et al., there were hardly any experimental studies of this system, with difficulties stemming partly from the weak magnetic signals in such 2D systems. Also, numerical simulations have been limited by the slow glassy dynamics [10], although the availability of special optimization algorithms did lead to the elucidation of the zero-temperature problem in recent years [11]. In this Letter, we describe numerical studies of the thermodynamics of the vortex glass via a mapping to a discrete dimer model with quenched disorder. A new polynomial algorithm for the dimer problem circumvents the glassy dynamics and enables us to study large systems at finite temperatures. Our results obtained in the dilute (singleflux-pinning) regime compare well with the experiment by Bolle et al. [3], while those obtained in the collectivepinning regime strongly support the renormalization-group theory of the vortex glass, including its prediction of universal susceptibility variation [9]. The model.—The dimer model consists of all complete dimer coverings D on a square lattice L as illustrated in
Age-related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone

The hypothesis of this study is that the mechanical integrity of the collagen network in bone deteriorates with age, and such adverse changes correlate with the decreased toughness of aged bone. To test the hypothesis, 30 human cadaveric femurs from donors ranging from 19 to 89 years of age were tested to determine the age-related changes in the mechanical properties of demineralized bone and fresh bone samples. Along with bone porosity, bone density, and weight fractions of the mineral and organic phases, collagen denaturation and concentrations of collagen cross-links (HP, hydroxylysylpyridinoline; LP, lysylpyridinoline; PE, pentosidine) were determined for these bone specimens as a function age. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that age-dependent changes were reflected in the decreased strength, work to fracture, and fracture toughness of bone; in the decreased strength, elastic modulus, and work to fracture of the collagen network; as well as in the increased concentration of pentosidine (a marker of nonenzymatic glycation) and increased bone porosity. Regression analyses of the measured parameters showed that the age-related decrease in work to fracture of bone (especially its postyield portion) correlated significantly with deterioration in the mechanical integrity of the collagen network. The results of this study indicate that the adverse changes in the collagen network occur as people age and such changes may lead to the decreased toughness of bone. Also, the results suggest that nonenzymatic glycation may be an important contributing factor causing changes in collagen and, consequently, leading to the age-related deterioration of bone quality.
Age-related differences in memory after attending to distinctiveness or similarity during learning

Episodic memory is vulnerable to age-related change, with older adults demonstrating both impairments in retrieving contextual details and susceptibility to interference among similar events. Such impairments may be due in part to an age-related decline in the ability to encode distinct memory representations. Recent research has examined how manipulating stimulus properties to emphasize distinctiveness can reduce age-related deficits in memory. However, few studies have addressed whether learning strategies that differentially encourage distinctiveness processing attenuate age-related differences in episodic memory. In the present study, participants engaged in two incidental encoding tasks emphasizing either distinctiveness or similarity processing. Results demonstrated higher rates of recollection for stimuli studied under the distinctiveness task than the similarity task in younger but not older adults. These findings suggest a declining capacity for distinctiveness processing to benefit memory in older adults, and raise the possibility that strategies that enhance gist-based encoding may attenuate age-related memory deficits.
Laboratory measurements of elastic properties of carbonate rocks during injection of reactive CO2-saturated water

[1] To investigate the coupled physical and chemical effects of injecting CO2-rich water into carbonate rock samples, we monitor the elastic and transport properties of six carbonate rocks, along with the calcium content and pH of the pore fluid under constant confining pressure. Carbonate samples range from calcite limestones containing dolomite to pure calcite mudstones, which allow us to study how mineral composition and microstructure affect the magnitude of the observed changes. The elastic properties of both the saturated and dry rock (i.e., rock frame) show a gradual loss of sstrength upon injection, as testified by the continuous decrease in the dry P- and S-wave velocity (and by proxy the bulk and shear moduli). The magnitude of the observed changes in the elastic properties varies among the samples, with a maximum relative change of 24.7% (871 m/s) and 21.2% (443 m/s) in P- and S- wave velocities, respectively. The decrease is also accompanied by a relative increase in permeability (up to 495%) and porosity (up to 19%). The observed changes likely derive from a change in microstructure, which is monitored over time via scanning electron microscopy. The variation in porosity results from two competing and interdependent processes: the chemical dissolution of calcite and the resulting mechanical compaction under pressure. The results of this study show that, upon injection of fluids that are in chemical disequilibrium with the hosting rock, the variation of the elastic properties cannot be described by existing rock-physics models.
Service Delivery Issues and Program Evaluation in Pediatric Psychology

Presents a framework for categorizing pediatric psychology research into practice and service system outcomes and functioning. The questions of importance are (a) who is being served, (b) what services are provided, (c) how treatments are implemented, (d) how services are organized and staffed, (e) what are the outcomes of the services, (f) how do various consumers perceive services, (g) how services are reimbursed, and (h) what are alternatives and innovations? The framework of program evaluation is detailed for domains most germane to service delivery in pediatric/child health psychology. Such domains include diagnostic information on patients, types of intervention, behavioral/psychological outcome variables, costs of treatments, service system functioning, and perceptions of satisfaction from multiple sources. This framework may be useful in directing future research on the delivery of services in pediatric psychology settings, thereby adding to the value of the field.
Differentiation of cells of the Rana pipiens gastrula in unconditioned medium.

Instances of differentiation in absence of an inductor have multiplied to such extent that the classical picture of embryonic induction is in process of serious re-examination (Grobstein & Parker, 1958; Nieukoop, 1955; Trinkaus & Groves, 1955). Questioned on the basis of the occurrence of neural differentiation without organizer in explants of presumptive epidermis (Barth, 1941; Holtfreter, 1947, 1955; Ito, 1952), the necessity for a specific inductor has proved difficult to demonstrate in other inductive systems. Grobstein & Parker (1958) have shown that tubule formation in metanephrogenic mesenchyme may occur in abnormal sites in vivo without contact with its normal ureteric inductor and even in the anterior chamber of the eye without contact with any other tissue. Niu (1958b) has recently reported a certain percentage of neural differentiation in explants of presumptive epidermis cultured as controls in his salt medium without addition of inductor substances.
Thirty-One Years in the Making: Why the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals' New Single-Method Approach to Lesser-Included Offense Analysis Is a Step in the Right Direction

Lesser-included offense jury instructions play a major role in many criminal cases. They permit a jury to find a defendant guilty of a less-serious offense than the originally charged offense. The application of this body of law generates significant confusion among courts and attorneys. Part of the problem is that there are at least four common-law methods that courts use in analyzing whether a crime is a lesser-included offense of the charged offense. Some jurisdictions combine the use of these various methods, which results in theoretically inconsistent case law. And some of the methods have the potential of violating the notice requirement of the Due Process Clause.For thirty-one years, Texas courts have disagreed on which method of analysis to use. Consequently, Texas appellate courts have picked whichever method suited the needs of the court in that particular case. In May of 2007, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals mandated that lower courts apply a single-method analysis, using only the cognate-pleadings approach. This article seeks to examine lesser-included offense jurisprudence across the nation and across the State, explain the Court’s new single-method approach, examine the flaws of the Court’s mandate, and predict how each group that deals with lesser-included offenses will likely be affected by the Court’s decision. No law review article has examined the inconsistencies between States and within jurisdictions in regards to lesser-included offense analysis. I intend to clarify the issue for courts and attorneys struggling with lesser-included offense jurisprudence in Texas and beyond.
Mechanism of Thiolate-Disulfide Exchange: Addition-Elimination or Effectively SN2? Effect of a Shallow Intermediate in Gas-Phase Direct Dynamics Simulations

Direct dynamics trajectory simulations were performed for two examples of the thiolate-disulfide exchange reaction, that is, HS(-) + HSSH and CH(3)S(-) + CH(3)SSCH(3). The trajectories were computed for the PBE0/6-31+G(d) potential energy surface using both classical microcanonical sampling at the ion-dipole complex and quasi-classical Boltzmann sampling (T = 300 K) at the central transition state. The potential energy surface for these reactions involves a hypercoordinate sulfur intermediate. Despite the fact that the intermediate resides in a shallow well (less than 5 kcal/mol), very few trajectories follow a direct substitution path (the S(N)2 pathway). Rather, the mechanism is addition-elimination, with several trajectories sampling the intermediate for long times, up to 15 ps or longer.
Tastes of Talk: Qualia and the moral flavor of signs:

This essay explores the semiotic processes by which speakers attribute sensuous qualities – e.g. lightness, dryness, straightness and others – to speech registers. Language ideologies create indexical relations linking linguistic forms to typical personae, activities and values in social life; they also construct other semiotic relations that enable speakers to attribute taste, texture, smell, sound, or shape to speech. Such extended, cross-modal, sensuous metaphors are taken up as lived experience, as part of larger frameworks of cultural value. By extending several Peircean concepts, the essay shows how speakers become persuaded that such sensuous properties of speech are existentially real. Two pedagogical genres from 19th and 20th century Hungary illustrate how properties of speech are reproduced, either via explicit instruction or as displayed in the parallelism of narrative. Both genres construct speech qualia as constitutive moves in moral and political projects that become more persuasive through ...
Percutaneous fetal access and uterine closure for fetoscopic surgery. Lessons learned from 16 consecutive procedures in pregnant sheep.

Background: Maternal morbidity and preterm labor from fetal surgery might be minimized by a percutaneous technique for fetal access and uterine closure. Methods: In each of 16 ewes, we inserted three trocars percutaneously into the amniotic cavity using ultrasound and fetoscopic guidance. In six ewes, percutaneous uterine closure after the procedure was attempted. We assessed feasibility and acute complications of our technique during surgery and at autopsy. Results: We achieved percutaneous fetal access in 14 ewes and closed the uterus percutaneously in all six ewes attempted. Fetal injury was related to amnioinfusion or fixation of chorioamniotic membranes. Other complications were trocar dislodgment and damage to uterine wall and chorioamniotic membranes. The latter complication was prevented using balloon-tipped trocars. Conclusions: Percutaneous intraamniotic access and uterine closure for fetoscopic surgery can be achieved reliably with little maternal and fetal morbidity in sheep. Minor modifications are desired to apply this approach in humans.
Simultaneous staining of reticulocytes and Heinz bodies with new methylene blue N in dogs given iproniazid.

(1961). Simultaneous Staining of Reticulocytes and Heinz Bodies with new Methylene Blue N in Dogs Given Iproniazid. Stain Technology: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 38-39.
Correction for Fang and Casadevall, Competitive Science: Is Competition Ruining Science?

Volume 83, no. 4, p. [1229–1233][1], 2015. Page 1229, column 1, line 21: “Russell” should read “Alfred Russel Wallace.” Page 1230, column 1, line 53: “Russell” should read “Wallace.” Page 1230, column 1, line 54: “Russell” should read “Wallace.” Page 1230,
THE RESERVOIR TYPE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAMORPHIC AND VOLCANIC ROCK OF CHINA

There are a series of metamorphic and volcanic rock reservoir in China. They can be divided into four types that are basement rock weathering crust type, basement rock fracture belt type, volcanic rock eruption in sedimentary rock type and intrusive volcanic in sedimentary rock type. The characterizations of the metamorphic and volcanic rock are: ①The reservoir is multi-type, but the basement rock weathering crust is principal type. ②There are gas accumulation and gas cap oil accumulation, but the oil accumulation is principal. ③The small scale of oil accumulation is principal, but there is the big scale sometimes. ④The reservoir of volcanic rock is more multiple than metamorphic rock.. ⑤The production is very different. The production of some well is very high, but some production is low. The well of high production lies in near the fracture. ⑥The effect of the water injection isn't good. The water breakthrough of the well of high production is very fast and there isn't water absorption of the well of low production. ⑦The production decline of oil well and oilfield is very great. ⑧The recovery isn't high, they are 8%-15% or so, the principal recovery is 11%-13%.
Using the R Package geomnet: Visualizing Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade of Africans, 1514-1866

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, hosted by Emory University in Atlanta, GA, contains information about nearly 35,000 voyages of slave ships from Africa to Europe and the Americas between th...
Influence of the Space Orientation of Joints in the Process of Welding on the Strength and Cyclic Crack Resistance of Welded Joints

We study the regularities of influence of the space orientation of a joint (at angles of 0, 30°, 45°, and 90° to the horizontal plane) for different rates of consumable-electrode pulse-arc welding (23, 40, and 57 m/h) of the sheets of AMg5M structural aluminum alloy 4 mm in thickness with the use of a ZvAMg6 filler wire on the physicomechanical properties of welded joints. It is shown that, by varying the heat input into the welded metal and the rate of crystallization of the metal in the bath, we can perform welding without using backing (forming) elements. The optimal characteristics of cyclic crack resistance of the weld metal of these welded joints are obtained in the case of orientation of joints at an angle of 30° to the horizontal plane. The preliminary monitoring of the properties of these welded joints can be performed by the nondestructive eddy-current testing method according to the specific electric conductivity of the metal.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy achieves similar clinical response but incurs lesser charges compared to robotic heller myotomy.

Background/Aim: Several uncontrolled studies comparing peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and Heller myotomy have demonstrated equivalent short-term efficacy and safety. However, no data exists rergarding the cost of POEM and how it compares to that of robotic Heller myotomy (RHM). The primary aim of this study was to compare the inpatient charges incurred in patients who underwent POEM or RHM for the treatment of achalasia. Patients and Methods: A retrospective single center review was conducted among 52 consecutive POEM patients (2012–2014) and 52 consecutive RHM patients (2009–2014). All RHM procedures included a Toupet fundoplication and were performed via a transabdominal approach. All POEM procedures were performed by a gastroenterologist in the endoscopy unit. Clinical response was defined by improvement of symptoms and decrease in Eckardt stage to ≤I. All procedural and facility charges were obtained from review of the hospital finance records. Results: There was no difference between POEM and RHM with regards to age, gender, symptom duration, achalasia subtype, manometry findings, or Eckardt symptom stage. There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events (19.2% vs 9.6%, P = 0.26) or the length of stay (1.9 vs. 2.3, P = 0.18) between both groups. Clinical response rate of patients in the POEM groups was similar to that in the RHM group (94.3% vs. 88.5%, P = 0.48). POEM incurred significantly less total charges compared to LHM ($14481 vs. $17782, P = 0.02). Conclusions: POEM when performed in an endoscopy unit was similar in efficacy and safety to RHM. However, POEM was associated with significant cost savings ($3301/procedure).
Alleviation of Neuropathology by Inhibition of Monoacylglycerol Lipase in APP Transgenic Mice Lacking CB2 Receptors

Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary enzyme that hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the brain, produces profound anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and improves synaptic and cognitive functions in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects produced by inhibition of 2-AG metabolism are still not clear. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) has been thought to be a therapeutic target for AD. Here, we provide evidence, however, that CB2R does not play a role in ameliorating AD neuropathology produced by inactivation of MAGL in 5XFAD APP transgenic mice, an animal model of AD. We observed that expression of APP and β-secretase as well as production of total Aβ and Aβ42 were significantly reduced in APP transgenic mice lacking CB2R (TG-CB2-KO) treated with JZL184, a selective and potent inhibitor for MAGL. Inactivation of MAGL also alleviated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in TG-CB2-KO mice. Importantly, TG-CB2-KO mice treated with JZL184 still exhibited improvements in spatial learning and memory. In addition, MAGL inhibition prevented deterioration in expression of important synaptic proteins in TG-CB2-KO mice. Our results suggest that CB2R is not required in ameliorating neuropathology and preventing cognitive decline by inhibition of 2-AG metabolism in AD model animals.
Simulating link aggregation in private virtual lan using openflow for cloud environment

Segregation and isolation of mission critical devices and services are among the main security concerns in cloud computing environments. Private Virtual LAN (PVLAN) offers the ability to efficiently support segregation and isolation among end devices. Link aggregation on PVLAN promiscuous ports reduces the risk of single point of failure for the entire PVLAN network. This research focuses on improving security and availability of nodes within the PVLAN domain and layer three devices by combining multiple PVLAN promiscuous ports as a single logical port using Software Defined Networking protocols. Our approach enables cloud platform to implement PVLAN by incorporating link aggregation to extend and support PVLAN features for optimal load balancing and path selection of inbound and outbound traffic. It also helps to reduce network inefficiencies which might occur from multiple traffic utilizing a single communication uplink. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our approach.
Novel GaAs Devices

As the dimensions of GaAs devices shrink, the effective electron velocity should increase, leading to a shorter transit time and to a ballistic or near-ballistic mode of operation (see Chapter 2). At the same time the power consumption drops as a consequence of smaller device dimensions.
Physics of laser-induced stress wave propagation, cracking, and cavitation in biological tissue

In the regime where the specific time for propagation of stress waves is longer than the laser pulse duration, but shorter than the heat dissipation time, stress can be one of the governing mechanisms of laser-induced ablation of biological tissue. In such inertially confined regimes, knowing the mechanical properties of biological tissue an the kinetics of cracking (in hard tissue represented by bone) and cavitation (in soft tissue represented by meniscus) are important to understand the ablation process. An experimental technique has been developed to study laser-induced stress generation and mechanical properties of tissue in such regimes. This technique is based on monitoring the tissue surface after laser irradiation, using an interferometer that can measure submicron surface displacements on a nanosecond time scale. The subablation threshold laser-induced surface displacements can be related to the stress within the tissue and mechanical properties of the tissue. The surface movement of aqueous solution and meniscus tissue irradiated by 7.5-ns pulses of 355 nm light was consistent with growth and collapse of cavitation bubble. Bone movement was qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions obtained by solving the equation of motion both analytically and numerically. In the regime where laser beam radius and optical absorption depth are comparable, it is shown that a full 3D analysis is necessary to understand the observed results.
Receptor Homologue Scanning Functions in the Maintenance of MHV-A59 Persistence in Vitro

Cell lines and viruses were isolated from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) persistently-infected DBT cells at different times postinfection. Cloned cell lines had cured virus infection, displayed low levels of MHVR receptor expression and were progressively more resistance to MHV infection. MHV persistence was likely maintained by epigenetic expression of the MHVR receptor in subsets of these resistant cells and by the emergence of persistent viruses characterized by high affinity MHVR receptor usage. Persistent viruses also displayed higher affinity for alternative biliary glycoprotein receptors suggesting that receptor homologue scanning functioned in the maintenance of persistence. Importantly, persistent viruses isolated after 210 days postinfection efficiently replicated in human HepG2 cells, a hepatocarcinoma cell line, suggesting that persistence promotes the interspecies transfer of MHV.
Institutional Responsibilities for the Oversight of Personnel Safety in Animal Research

Research programs utilizing animal models present a wide variety of risks to personnel safety. These risks stem from a range of hazards including well-recognized physical, chemical, or infectious h...
Efficient Computing of Dempster-Shafer Theoretic Conditionals for Big Hard/Soft Data Fusion

Ahstract- While hard sensor fusion is a highly developed discipline with vast methods, the inclusion of soft evidence continues to gain significant interest because soft sensors in the fusion process has certain merits, such as the ability to model attributes of interest (e.g., emotional level) that hard sensor may not. However, how to combine the hard/soft sensor data efficiently is a challenging problem, especially when the data set becomes large. In this study, a novel algorithm is proposed to apply the Conditional Core Theorem (CCT) in computing the Fagin-Halpern conditionals in the fusion of bodies of evidence with disparate frames of discernment. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is derived analytically and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Detangling capital from context: a critical investigation of human capital explanations for immigrant wage inequality

Researchers propose that novel measures of human capital, such as place of education or sending country GDP, can account for inequalities between foreign- and native-born persons that classic measu...
Transitioning to agile software development: Lessons learned from a government-contracted program

Abstract With a need to implement an agile software development methodology in government programs, this study was conducted to explore how organizations transitioned from a traditional waterfall software development method to agile methods. To accomplish this study, a case study research was utilized. A multimillion-dollar government-contracted program in the US was studied. The research findings reveal key challenges faced by organizations during the transition and the lessons learned that can be applied to future programs. Propositions for future research are also presented.
Short-term outcomes associated with drain use in shoulder arthroplasties: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Background This study examined the immediate outcomes during the perioperative period associated with drains in the setting of total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesized that drain use would result in lower postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels that would increase transfusion rates and longer hospital stays that would increase hospital costs. Methods The study prospectively randomized 100 patients (55% women; average age, 69.3 years) who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty or reverse shoulder arthroplasty to receive a closed-suction drainage device (drain group, n = 50) or not (control group, n = 50) at the time of wound closure. Basic demographic information and intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. Results The groups were similar with respect to basic patient demographics. Postoperatively, drains had no effect on transfusion rates or any perioperative complication (P > .715). There were also no significant differences in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels immediately after surgery or on postoperative day 1. On average, patients were discharged from the hospital 1.6 days and 2.1 days postoperatively in the control and drain groups, respectively (P = .124). The average cost associated for the control cohort's hospital stay was $35,796 ± $13,078 compared with $43,219 ± $24,679 for the drain cohort (P = .063). Discussion Drain use after shoulder arthroplasty had no appreciable difference on short-term perioperative outcomes, postoperative anemia, length of hospital stay, or cost. It is possible that the potential negative effects of postoperative drainage are blunted by the routine use of tranexamic acid.
One More Time with Feeling: Repetition, Contingency, and Sincerity in Ben Lerner’s 10:04

ABSTRACTAs the story goes, New Sincerity emerged as a response to the decline of postmodern theory and the rise of neoliberalism, with novelists and critics presenting literature’s capacity to fost...