cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I Am Woman: The Impact of Social Identities on African American Women's Mental Health

We examine the psychological impact of a range of social identities among a sample of African American women. Using data from the National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA), we find that measures of body image, role performance, discrimination, and social class position are related to mental health status. Women of lower social class standing are especially at risk for poor mental health outcomes. Having low educational attainment, low personal incomes, and less prestigious occupations is associated with a poor self-concept (self-esteem and self-efficacy). Women with low self-concepts, in turn, report poorer mental health. We argue that African American women face multilayered realities that may compromise their abilities to handle the stresses of everyday life.
Muscle Protein Turnover: Methodological Issues and the Effect of Aging

Investigation of sarcopenia should include the measurement of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown because reduced muscle mass occurs only when muscle protein content is reduced. Protein content of a tissue is determined by the balance between synthesis and breakdown. Whole body measurements are inappropriate for determining the small changes in muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, since muscle contributes less than 30 percent to the whole body protein turnover. The measurement of mixed muscle protein synthesis in humans supports the animal data, which demonstrates that there is a decline in muscle protein synthesis with age. Resistance exercise stimulates mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in both the young and the old, although this is not demonstrated when myofibrillar protein synthesis is measured. Muscle is composed of several types of proteins, and their turnover may be differentially regulated. It is important, therefore, to measure the turnover of specific proteins such as myosin and actin, which are important contractile proteins. Recently, techniques have been developed to measure the synthesis rate of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in humans. In addition, the application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows measurement of the steady state mRNA levels of various isoforms of MHC. These measurements, in combination with measurement of the synthesis rate of MHC, will allow us to understand the molecular regulation of specific proteins such as myosin. The important question is to determine whether the decline in muscle protein synthesis is genetically determined or secondary to inactivity, nutritional, hormonal, or other age-related alterations in body functions, and whether muscle wasting is reversible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complete Genome Sequence of the First Canine Circovirus

We found a highly divergent circovirus in serum samples from several dogs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that canine circovirus genotype 1 (CaCV-1) represents the first circovirus reported in dogs and is genetically most closely related to the only known mammalian circovirus, porcine circovirus. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the CaCV-1 strain NY214, which will help toward understanding the evolutionary and pathogenic characteristics of mammalian circoviruses.
Effects of pretrial milk yield on responses of feed intake, digestion, and production to dietary forage concentration.

Abstract The relationships between pretrial milk yield and effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio on dry matter intake (DMI), digestion, and milk yield were evaluated using 32 Holstein cows in a crossover design with two 16-d periods. Cows were 197 ± 55 (mean ± SD) days in milk at the beginning of the experiment. Milk yield averaged 33.9 kg/d and ranged from 16.5 to 55.0 kg/d for the 4 d before initiation of treatments. Treatments were diets with forage-to-concentrate ratios of 67:33 and 44:56. Forages were alfalfa silage and corn silage, each at 50% of forage dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations of high-forage and low-forage diets were 30.7 and 24.3% of DM, respectively. Dry matter intake was 1.7 kg/d higher for cows fed the low-forage diet. Milk yield was 2.3 kg/d greater on low forage than on high forage, but 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield and yield of milk fat were not different between treatments. Individual DMI response to the low-forage diet relative to the high-forage diet (low–high) was positively and linearly related to pretrial fat-corrected milk yield, but fat-corrected milk yield response demonstrated a quadratic relationship with pretrial fat-corrected milk yield. Milk yield responded more positively to low forage among low- and high-producing cows than among moderate-producing cows. Energy partitioned to body reserves and to milk, and passage rate of indigestible NDF, also responded to dietary forage level in quadratic relationships with pretrial milk energy output. Individual responses of intake, production, and fiber digestion to a change in forage-to-concentrate ratio were dependent on production level.
Short- and Long-Term Black Tea Consumption Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Background— Epidemiological studies suggest that tea consumption decreases cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms of benefit remain undefined. Endothelial dysfunction has been associated with coronary artery disease and increased oxidative stress. Some antioxidants have been shown to reverse endothelial dysfunction, and tea contains antioxidant flavonoids. Methods and Results— To test the hypothesis that tea consumption will reverse endothelial dysfunction, we randomized 66 patients with proven coronary artery disease to consume black tea and water in a crossover design. Short-term effects were examined 2 hours after consumption of 450 mL tea or water. Long-term effects were examined after consumption of 900 mL tea or water daily for 4 weeks. Vasomotor function of the brachial artery was examined at baseline and after each intervention with vascular ultrasound. Fifty patients completed the protocol and had technically suitable ultrasound measurements. Both short- and long-term tea consumption improved en...
Specificity of Class II Hsp40 Sis1 in Maintenance of Yeast Prion [RNQ +]

Sis1 and Ydj1, functionally distinct heat shock protein (Hsp)40 molecular chaperones of the yeast cytosol, are homologs of Hdj1 and Hdj2 of mammalian cells, respectively. Sis1 is necessary for propagation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion [RNQ+]; Ydj1 is not. The ability to function in [RNQ+] maintenance has been conserved, because Hdj1 can function to maintain Rnq1 in an aggregated form in place of Sis1, but Hdj2 cannot. An extended glycine-rich region of Sis1, composed of a region rich in phenylalanine residues (G/F) and another rich in methionine residues (G/M), is critical for prion maintenance. Single amino acid alterations in a short stretch of amino acids of the G/F region of Sis1 that are absent in the otherwise highly conserved G/F region of Ydj1 cause defects in prion maintenance. However, there is some functional redundancy within the glycine-rich regions of Sis1, because a deletion of the adjacent glycine/methionine (G/M) region was somewhat defective in propagation of [RNQ+] as well. These results are consistent with a model in which the glycine-rich regions of Hsp40s contain specific determinants of function manifested through interaction with Hsp70s.
Integral manifolds of the restricted three-body problem

We compute the homology of the integral manifolds of the restricted three-body problem—planar and spatial, unregularized and regularized. Holding the Jacobi constant fixed defines a three-dimensional algebraic set in the planar case and a five dimensional algebraic set in the spatial case (the integral manifolds). The singularities of the restricted problem due to collusions are removable, which defines the regularized problem. There are five positive critical values of the Jacobi constant: one is due to a critical point at infinity, another is due to the Lagrangian critical points and three are due to the Eulerian critical points. The critical point at infinity occurs only in spatial problems. We compute the homology of the integral manifold for each regular value of the Jacobi constant. These computations show that at each critical value the integral manifolds undergo a bifurcation in their topology. The bifurcation due to a critical point at infinity shows that Birkhoff's conjecture is false even in the restricted problem. Birkhoff also asked if the planar problem is the boundary of a cross section for the spatial problem. Our computations and homological criteria show that this can never happen in the restricted problem, but may be possible in the regularized problem for some values of the Jacobi constant. We also investigate the existence of global cross sections in each of the problems.
Exploring the Processor and ISA Design for Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Power consumption, physical size, and architecture design of sensor node processors have been the focus of sensor network research in the architecture community. What lies at the foundation for these research is the hardware- level design which determines the boundaries for achievable utility and performance. Architecture design and evaluation, however, cannot be accomplished independent of the applications and software that run on these sensor nodes. On one hand, some researchers have proposed architectures that can cater to a variety of application classes while trading off on some performance improvements. On the other hand, a set of application-specific architectures have been proposed which perform certain operations extremely well but are not versatile enough to run a variety of applications. This paper provides a design space exploration and optimizations platform to characterize the processor and ISA design tailored for a particular application or a class of applications. We collect a wide variety of sensor network applications to create a comprehensive benchmark suite called the WiSeNBench. We then present a careful profiling of these benchmark applications using an ARM simulator to identify some of the key characteristic behaviors. This also opens up avenue for a possible re-look at the classes of applications that could be supported on next-generation sensor networks and efficient architectural designs to enable these applications.
Prognostic Indications of Elevated MCT4 and CD147 across Cancer Types: A Meta-Analysis

Background. Metabolism in the tumor microenvironment can play a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor aggression. Metabolic coupling may occur between tumor compartments; this phenomenon can be prognostically significant and may be conserved across tumor types. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an integral role in cellular metabolism via lactate transport and have been implicated in metabolic synergy in tumors. The transporters MCT1 and MCT4 are regulated via expression of their chaperone, CD147. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications on the relationship between MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 expression and overall survival and disease-free survival in cancer, using hazard ratios derived via multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results. Increased MCT4 expressions in the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells, or stromal cells were all associated with decreased overall survival and decreased disease-free survival ( for all analyses). Increased CD147 expression in cancer cells was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival ( for both analyses). Few studies were available on MCT1 expression; MCT1 expression was not clearly associated with overall or disease-free survival. Conclusion. MCT4 and CD147 expression correlate with worse prognosis across many cancer types. These results warrant further investigation of these associations.
COLIN TURNER, Islam without Allah? The Rise of Religious Externalism in Safavid Iran (London: Curzon Press, 2001). Pp. 284. £45.00 cloth.

Colin Turner started writing Islam Without Allah as a biography of Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, the highly influential Shiעi scholar of the Safavid era. However, on deciding that not enough primary material was available for a book-length study, he decided to extend the topic and place Majlisi's life and thought within the broader context of the “victory of the exoteric over the esoteric” (p. viii). The book is evidence of continuing interest in Shiעi Islam and makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the environment within which Majlisi's thought developed.
Standing to Sue in Class Actions (Legitimación Para Demandar en las Acciones Colectivas)

This paper discusses standing to bring class actions in the Ibero American Model Code. In civil law countries, the trend is to not give standing to class members, as is the rule in U.S. class actions, but to associations and public entities and agencies. This solution, however, may not be possible in the United States because of the “case or controversy” requirement in the U.S. Constitution. This is an extremely important topic in comparative law. El articulo discute la “legitimacion colectiva” (legitimacion para proponer demandas colectivas) en el Codigo Modelo de Procesos Colectivos del Instituto Iberoamericano de Derecho Procesal. Discute el poder del Ministerio Publico Fiscal, de las associaciones o NGOs y otros entes legitimados para proponer una accion colectiva.
SEURAT_Edu: A Tool to Assist and Assess Student Decision-Making in Design

Decision-making is central to software development. Most problems do not have straightforward solutions but instead require assessing and evaluating multiple candidate solutions depending on the requirements (functional and non-functional) for the specific project. Real problems may have more than one valid solution and software engineering students need to be able to synthesize design alternatives and reason about them to make the best decision for the specific problem under consideration. The work described here uses a web-based system to administer rationale-based assignments where the students are required to explicitly present their rationale for a series of decisions and use the capabilities of the tool to justify their choices. Students using the tool report that it helped them consider more alternatives and put more thought into their decision-making process.
A Particular Solution to the Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Equations

REFERENCES 1 F r a l i ch , R . W. , a n d H e d g e p e t h , J o h n M . , Flutter Analysis of Rectangular Wings of Very Low Aspect Ratio, N A C A T N 4245, p p . 10-12, 1958. 2 H o l t , M a u r i c e , a n d S t r a c k , Sa insbury L., Supersonic Panel Flutter of A Cylindrical Shell of Finite Length, P r e s e n t e d a t t h e I A S 28 th A n n u a l M e e t i n g N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , J a n u a r y 2 5 2 7 , 1960.
Earth Observing Satellite Orbit Design Via Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract : Designing the orbit of an Earth observing satellite is generally tedious work. Typically, a large number of numerical coverage simulations are run to understand the impact of orbital parameters on sensor performance and coverage characteristics. There is little guarantee of determining the optimal orbit for a given mission. Some work has been done to wrap an optimization loop around traditional numerical coverage simulations; however, the computational resources necessary for this can be prohibitive. A methodology of determining optimal orbital characteristics without requiring a large amount of computing is presented. Several existing methods are used to calculate an approximation to total pass time and average number of passes per day given a satellite s orbital altitude and inclination. These are used along with particle swarm optimization to determine optimal orbit parameters. This methodology only pertains to a single satellite in a circular orbit.
Approach to the Adolescent in the Clinical Setting

Life is a series of adolescent experiences, whether these be personal, professional, familial, or community oriented. The biogenesis of puberty, although striking, reveals only a small part of the change that occurs. The accompanying psychosocial changes (adolescence) dynamically interact to create an indelible mark on maturation. A healthy adolescence is one that reflects flexibility within established boundaries, adaptation to change, and growth, all manifested through an increased sense of well-being. Youth becomes not a time of life, but a frame of mind. Physicians who enjoy working with adolescents are those who can tolerate and enjoy growth and change. The venture requires awareness, courage, and sensitivity, but the rewards are commensurate with the commitment.
420 Anaplerotic Substrate Replenishes Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates during Machine Perfusion Preservation of Donor Hearts

Purpose: Hypothermic perfusion preservation is a promising strategy to extend the cardiac donor ischemic interval. Ongoing metabolism by machine perfused hearts may lead to depletion of intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the main cellular engine for ATP generation. Anaplerotic substrate replenishes the TCA cycle during normothermia but the ability to support these reactions under hypothermia are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if an anaplerotic substance can enrich TCA cycle intermediates in the machine perfused heart. Methods and Materials: Rat hearts were perfused for 6 hours at 8 2°C with modified UW machine perfusion solution containing increasing concentrations of carbon-13(C) labeled acetate (2,4,8,16mM) with or without the addition of the anaplerotic substrate propionate (5mM, C-labeled). Temperature and MVO2 were measured continuously. After 6 hours perfusion, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed on heart extracts to determine enrichment of TCA cycle intermediates. Results: Hearts maintained stable perfusion parameters and MVO2. Lactate/alanine ratios by MRS were low in all groups suggesting primarily oxidative metabolism in perfused hearts. Enrichment of TCA cycle intermediates was reduced in all acetate groups. The addition of propionate resulted in significant increases in enrichment of TCA cylce intermediates. See Table.
Repeated Attacks of Influenza.

Recent reports1,2,3 have established the principle that illnesses which on the basis of their similar clinical symptoms would be classified together as influenza can be caused by antigenically different viruses. The same principle must be taken into account when repeated attacks of influenza occur in an individual; that is, in a person who previously has had influenza a subsequent attack may be due to infection with a virus that is antigenically different from the one responsible for the earlier illness. That examples of that sort do occur will be shown by the results of the following experiments in which samples of serum obtained over a period of 4 to 5 years from persons who had had more than one attack of influenza were tested against two antigenically different viruses, the TM virus1,3 and the PR8 strain of the virus of epidemic influenza.4Patient A had 2, and Patient B had 3 attacks of influenza during the period of observation. The serums, which were 14 from each patient, included samples obtained a...
The Religious Encounters of Alfred C. Kinsey

Alfred C. Kinsey (1894-1956), the entomologist-turned-sexologist whose taxonomic re ports on American sexual behavior electrified the nation, was a notorious provocateur. The two major volumes he supervised, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), were the publishing sensations of their day and roused zealous if discordant responses across the country, indeed the world. To admirers such as the sexologist Robert Latou Dickinson and the publisher Donald Porter Geddes, Kinsey was a pioneering scientific researcher in an age of moral hypocrisy, a tire less investigator of human desire and intimate behavior whose contributions to human history ranked with those of Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Adam Smith. To critics such as Monsignor Maurice Sheehy, the head of Catholic University's Department of Religious Education, he was a dissolute pseudo-intellectual bent on shredding the moral fabric of the nation by wrecking the family. Sheehy called Kinsey's work, unmistakably "the most antireligious" of the time. Towering scientist and liberating revolutionary to some, lascivious fraud, religious threat, and likely Communist to others: Kinsey stood with Senator Joseph McCarthy as one of the most divisive personages of the 1950s.1 That Kinsey's publications marked a watershed moment in the history of American sexuality has been widely assumed, however disputed the specific results remain. An early, influential plot line credits his explicit discussions with inspiring a historically anomalous sexual revolution that flourished in the sixties, characterized by an experiential ethic of "if it feels good, do it"?an ethic blasted by critics as permissiveness?and accompanied by drugs, feminism, and the beginnings of a gay rights movement. Although that dramatic scenario still surfaces in mass media depictions of Kinsey, historians of sexuality have, in recent years, challenged its more simplistic facets?as when John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, in Intimate Matters, pointedly refer to the so-called sexual revolution and to a
Placental development during early pregnancy: Effects of embryo origin on expression of chemokine ligand twelve (CXCL12).

The aim was to localize chemokine ligand twelve (CXCL12) in sheep placental tissues during early gestation and after assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Uteri were collected from naturally (NAT) mated ewes and ewes receiving embryo transfer (ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF) or in vitro activation (IVA). CXCL12 was immunolocalized to endometrial stroma, glands, and trophoblast. Greater CXCL12 immunoreactivity was present in trophoblast on day 22 and 24 and in NAT ewes compared to IVF and IVA. Increased CXCL12 expression suggests CXCL12 promotes implantation and placentation. Decreased CXCL12 in IVF and IVA embryos, may compromise pregnancy establishment when utilizing ART methods.
Rapamycin Decreases the Osteogenic Response in Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Through the Stat3 Pathway

Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an age-related and slowly progressive valvular disorder. We have previously found that the increased inflammatory and osteogenic responses to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation is correlated with lower signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). Rapamycin, a drug used clinically, induces feedback activation of Akt. Akt in turn may upregulate Stat3. Therefore we hypothesized that rapamycin will decrease TLR4-induced osteogenic response in human AVICs through modulation of Stat3 activity. Methods AVICs were isolated from normal valves taken from the explanted hearts of patients undergoing transplantation. Cells were treated with TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or rapamycin, or both. The osteogenic markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), as well as activation of Stat3 and its associated signaling molecules, were analyzed. Results LPS induces the expression of RUNX2, ALP, and BMP-2. Rapamycin decreased both the baseline and LPS-induced expression of RUNX2, ALP, and BMP-2. Rapamycin also decreased calcium deposit formation. Rapamycin activated both Stat3 and Akt in AVICs. Suppression of Akt resulted in abolishment of Stat3 activation. Inhibition of Stat3 enhanced expression of RUNX2, ALP, and BMP-2 at baseline and in response to LPS. Conclusions Rapamycin inhibits TLR4-induced osteogenic responses in AVICs by activation of Stat3 through Akt. Rapamycin may alleviate inflammation-induced initiation and progression of CAVD.
Total Quality Management

There has been growing concern in the National Health Service (NHS) to improve aspects of health care since the early 1980s when the Griffiths Report (NHS Management Inquiry, 1983) placed explicit emphasis on quality as an agenda item. Since then serious attention has been given to the development of approaches and tools for the assessment of change with increasing pressure from the Department of Health to provide quality health care. As a result, a whole growth industry has evolved around the concept of “quality”, including quality assurance, quality assessment, quality control, and total quality management. And while considerable controversy surrounds the meaning of such terms, the general consensus is that the health service needs to focus on improving the quality of its health care to patients. There is less agreement on how this might be achieved. Nevertheless, quality health care together with total quality management (TQM) has emerged as a watchword for health care in the 1990s. This chapter discusses the relevance of total quality management, as it pertains to the health service.
The Fire Starter and the Brand Steward: An Examination of Successful Leadership Traits for The Advertising-Agency Creative Director

This article seeks to uncover the complexities of the creative director's leadership role in advertising agencies. The authors based their work on data received from six agencies and 43 interviews conducted at those participating agencies. Findings suggest successful creative directors combine expertise in creativity, strategy, and interpersonal communication to motivate and mentor co-workers, oversee brand identities, serve as liaisons between creative people and other agency departments and clients, and shape the creative vision of the agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Electron Transfer in Nanoparticle Dyads Assembled on a Colloidal Template

This work shows how to create covalently bound nanoparticle dyad assemblies on a colloidal template and studies photoinduced charge transfer in them. New results are reported for how the electron-transfer rate changes with the inter-nanoparticle distance and the energy band offset of the nanoparticles (reaction Gibbs energy). The experimental findings show that the distance dependence is consistent with an electron tunneling mechanism. The dependence of the rate on the energy band offset is found to be consistent with Marcus theory, as long as one performs a sum over final electronic states. These results indicate that our understanding of electron transfer in molecular donor–bridge–acceptor assemblies can be translated to describe nanoparticle–bridge–nanoparticle assemblies.
The impact of lungs from diabetic donors on lung transplant recipients

OBJECTIVES We attempted to determine if transplants of lungs from diabetic donors (DDs) is associated with increased mortality of recipients in the modern era of the lung allocation score (LAS). METHODS The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried for all adult lung transplant recipients from 2006 to 2014. Patients receiving a lung from a DD were compared to those receiving a transplant from a non-DD. Multivariate Cox regression analysis using variables associated with mortality was used to examine survival. RESULTS A total of 13 159 adult lung transplants were performed between January 2006 and June 2014: 4278 (32.5%) were single-lung transplants (SLT) and 8881 (67.5%) were double-lung transplants (DLT). The log-rank test demonstrated a lower median survival in the DD group (5.6 vs 5.0 years, P = 0.003). We performed additional analysis by dividing this initial cohort into two cohorts by transplant type. On multivariate analysis, receiving an SLT from a DD was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07–1.54, P = 0.011). Interestingly, multivariate analysis demonstrated no difference in mortality rates for patients receiving a DLT from a DD (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.97–1.30, P = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS DLT with DDs can be performed safely without increased mortality, but SLT using DDs results in worse survival and post-transplant outcomes. Preference should be given to DLT when using lungs from donors with diabetes.
Multiple-beam low-profile low-cost antenna

A novel planar multiple-beam antenna is described. Each RF input radiates a directional beam in a different azimuth direction to achieve 360° coverage in azimuth. Elevation scan was not required; the beams are at a fixed elevation angle. Gain was maximized over 50° to 35° elevation for each beam, with beam maximum at 24° elevation. Measured gain was about 15 dBi and very wideband. Compared with phased arrays, this new antenna is lower cost, wider bandwidth, and uses a low-height planar aperture which provides numerous simultaneous low-elevation beams. A prototype was tested over 8.2-12.2 GHz with vertical linear polarization. The antenna diameter including ground plane and radome was 6.156” (156.4 mm), which is 5.2 wavelengths at 10 GHz, no other ground plane was used. The antenna height including radome is 0.961” (24.4 mm) which is 0.8 wavelengths at 10 GHz.
Limitations of the influence of English phonetics and phonology on L2 Spanish rhotics

This study investigates L2 Spanish rhotic production in intermediate learners of Spanish, specifically addressing the duration of the influence of L1 English rhotic articulations and a phonetic environment involving English taps on the acquisition of Spanish taps and trills that Olsen (2012) found. Results from multiple linear regressions involving thirty-five students in Spanish foreign language classes show that the effect of English rhotic articulations evident in beginners has disappeared after four semesters of Spanish study. However, results from paired samples t -tests show that these more advanced learners produced accurate taps significantly more in words containing phonetic environments that produce taps in English. This effect is taken as evidence that L1 phonetic influences have a shorter duration on L2 production than do L1 phonological influences. These results provide insights into L2 rhotic acquisition which Spanish educators and students can use to formulate reasonable pronunciation expectations.
Boundary Objects/Boundary Staff: Supporting Digital Scholarship in Academic Libraries

Abstract In response to the increased construction of digital scholarship infrastructure in academic libraries this article articulates a new staffing model for the management of digital platforms in the academic library environment. Based on two cases, this article discusses the increased use of digital infrastructure in pedagogy by Library Special Collections at UCLA, and the workflow pressures these infrastructures created that challenge traditional staff roles. Digital infrastructures are then framed as types of boundary object , catering to multiple communities of practice. In order to tend to these boundary infrastructures, a new staffing model has been introduced—that of the boundary staff —whose primary purpose would be to support these hybrid infrastructures and more effectively integrate them into the general library environment. This approach to digital project collaboration can set the stage for more flexible and innovative digital instruction, building on the current skillsets of library staff to facilitate new modes of faculty and librarian partnerships.
Phase I study of pazopanib (PAZ) in combination with PCI-24781 (PCI) in patients (pts) with metastatic solid tumors with new tumor proliferation imaging correlates in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and sarcoma.

TPS2623 Background: PAZ is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and C-KIT, approved for metastatic RCC and refractory sarcoma based on phase III data showing prolonged PFS (J...
Assessment of MERRA-2 Land Surface Energy Flux Estimates

AbstractIn the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) system the land is forced by replacing the model-generated precipitation with observed precipitation before it reaches the surface. This approach is motivated by the expectation that the resultant improvements in soil moisture will lead to improved land surface latent heating (LH). Here we assess aspects of the MERRA-2 land surface energy budget and 2 m air temperatures (T2m). For global land annual averages, MERRA-2 appears to overestimate the LH (by 5 Wm−2 ), the sensible heating (by 6 Wm−2), and the downwelling shortwave radiation (by 14 Wm−2), while underestimating the downwelling and upwelling (absolute) longwave radiation (by 10-15 Wm−2 each). These results differ only slightly from those for NASA’s previous reanalysis, MERRA. Comparison to various gridded reference data sets over Boreal summer (June-July-August) suggests that MERRA-2 has particularly large positive biases (>20 Wm−2) where LH is energ...
Transitioning Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have unique health-care needs that require a carefully planned transition to adulthood. This chapter outlines ways in which transitioning AYA with IDD differ from other AYA with special health-care needs and describes considerations that make the transition process both challenging and rewarding for patients, families/caregivers, and providers. It identifies key federal, state, and community service systems that impact individuals with IDD and describes how cross-system collaboration efforts can aid transition. The authors highlight common, real-life scenarios that illustrate the experiences of clinicians and families and offer specific solutions, tools, and resources to aid with patient preparation and meet the needs of the family/caregiver and provider education and training. Attention is given to the importance of maximizing independence and self-advocacy among AYA with IDD, addressing comorbid and behavioral health conditions, and outlining steps that providers can take to fully meet their responsibilities during the transition process.
152-P: TYPING AMBIGUITY SCORE – A STANDARDIZED MEASURE FOR EVALUATING AMBIGUITY IN HLA TYPING

Aim We previously showed that Shannon’s entropy could be successfully used to quantify the typing resolution of HLA data in stem cell registries. Here, we present an improvement of this measure, termed typing ambiguity score, which enables direct and systematic comparison across methods, data sets and populations. Methods Typing ambiguity score is calculated from normalized Shannon’s entropy. It ranges between 0 and 1, where 1 is given to a typing with no ambiguity and 0 to a typing with maximum ambiguity. We differentiate between ambiguity in (phased) HLA genotypes and ambiguity in un-phased genotypes, which has a more practical application for donor and patient matching. Furthermore, we implement a web-based typing ambiguity assessment tool, integrated with an existing application called HaploStats that facilitates access to HLA haplotype frequencies. Results Maximum ambiguity is obtained for a typing that results in equally probable set of outcomes, since for such cases we have the least information on what the true outcome is. For example, outcome with probabilities p = (0.5, 0.5) has a score equal to 1, while outcome with probabilities p = (0.95, 0.05) has a score of 0.28. To demonstrate how this score can be used to evaluate typings in a stem cell registry, we compute overall and per-locus ambiguity scores for HLA typings in the BeTheMatch® (US) registry, and explore how it varies with data resolution, typing method, time, and population. Conclusions We present a method to objectively quantify and compare ambiguity in HLA typing data obtained via different methods. An analysis of HLA typing data in the US registry demonstrates the utility of this method for stem cell registries and HLA typing labs. We show that the typing ambiguity score can compare typing methodologies, determine which methods are best suited for which populations, and help define acceptable HLA typing for donor recruitment.
The Universal Design for Play Tool: Establishing Validity and Reliability:

The Universal Design for Play (UDP) Tool is an instrument designed to evaluate the presence of universal design (UD) features in toys. This study evaluated its psychometric properties, including content validity, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. The UDP tool was designed to assist in selecting toys most appropriate for children with a range of abilities and interests, including those with disabilities. Development of the UDP tool began as a panel of early childhood, disability, and design experts reviewed the seven principles of UD and employed these principles to guide the development of a list of related toy features. Four focus groups, comprised of toy designers, toy buyers (persons who by toys for multiple users, such as daycare providers, therapists, teachers, etc.), and parents of children with and without disabilities were conducted. Information regarding tool content, presentation, and potential use was gathered. A draft of the UDP tool included a grouping of the most salient featu...
Freud and the Visual Arts

Freud was more interested in literature than painting and sculpture, as Louis Fraiberg and Richard Sterba note. The question is how this affected his analysis of Leonardo's paintings and Michelangelo's sculpture of Moses The author argues that because he regarded them as intellectual puzzles to be psychoanalytically deciphered, he reduced them to a species of literature, suggesting his reluctance to recognize their aesthetic significance, and perhaps his inability to do so. The visual work of art becomes something to be read rather than seen. Its sensuousness is given short shrift. For example, Freud makes no mention of chiaroscuro and sfumato in his study of Leonardo—just those elements for which his art is famous as art. As Freud said, his “analytic turn of mind” kept him from “obtaining any pleasure” from what he could not rationally explain. The author traces Freud's elevation of the literary over the visual, and with that of the analyzable over the unanalyzable, to his critique of Charcot, whom he described as a ““visuel,' a man who sees” his patients (and photographed them) rather than listens to them. Finally, Freud's dislike of modern art is contrasted with Karl Abraham's appreciation of its sensuous uniqueness. The general point is made that Freud didn't understand that the key to art was the artist's engagement with the medium.
The Relative Benefit and Risks of Intravenous Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator are the two currently FDA approved agents for intravenous use to promote thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction, Separate from the generic questions of patient selection criteria has been a sometimes acrimonious commercial issue-tinged debate concerning the relative risks and benefits to be expected following the use of one or the other of these two agents. Arguments center on questions of relative reperfusion rates, complication rates and clinical efficacy. In part the debate exists because: a) there is a dramatic price difference separating the two drugs; b) the market share (stakes) are substantial; and c) the ultimate arbiter, i.e. direct comparative data, is thus far limited.
Poincaré plot indices as measures of sympathetic cardiac regulation: Responses to psychological stress and associations with pre-ejection period.

Abstract The Poincare plot is a visual representation of the R-R time series within a Cartesian plane constructed by plotting each R-R interval as a function of the previous one. The plot can be characterized by parameters that quantify the standard deviation (SD) of short- and long-term R-R interval variability (SD1 and SD2, respectively). Claims regarding the use of Poincare plot analysis as an alternative to conventional time-domain and spectral analytic measures of parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability (HRV) have been evaluated somewhat extensively. However, its proposed utility for characterizing sympathetic influences on HRV during periods of acute mental stress, using SD2 and the SD1/SD2 ratio, has received minimal attention. In the present study, the electrocardiogram was used to record R-R interval variability in healthy participants during a resting baseline period, while they performed a challenging reaction time task, and then during a recovery period. Simultaneously, the thoracic impedance cardiogram was used to derive the pre-ejection period (PEP), which reflects sympathetic cardiac control. HRV was quantified using time-domain, spectral analytic, and Poincare plot indices. Task performance elicited significant reductions in HRV and PEP parameters, indicating withdrawal of parasympathetic tone with concomitant sympathetic activation. Following cessation of task performance, all HRV and impedance measures returned to baseline levels, signaling resumption of parasympathetic dominance. Bivariate associations linking SD2 and the SD1/SD2 ratio to PEP were observed; however, these were not large in magnitude, were exceeded in size by associations between the Poincare metrics and conventional HRV markers of parasympathetic cardiac influences, and were eliminated when the latter were controlled statistically. These observations challenge the proposal that the Poincare SD2 and SD1/SD2 metrics are suitable markers of sympathetic cardiac regulation in research concerned with mental and physical health.
The Romance Advantage — The Significance of the Romance Languages as a Pathway to Multilingualism

As 41M in the US speak a Romance language in the home, it is necessary to personally and professionally empower L1 speakers of a Romance language through acquisition of one or more additional Romance languages. The challenge is that Romance language speakers, parents, and communities may be unaware of both the advantages of bilingual and multilingual skills and also of the relative ease in developing proficiency, and even fluency, in a second or third closely related language. In order for students to maximize their Romance language skills, it is essential for parents, educators, and other language stakeholders to work together to increase awareness, to develop curriculum, and to provide teacher training -- especially for Spanish-speakers, who form the vast majority of L1 Romance language speakers in the US, to learn additional Romance languages.
Sexual and marital dysfunction in women with gynecologic cancer: A multi-institutional, cross-sectional trial.

9592 Background: Sexual dysfunction is a serious issue for women with gynecologic cancer. This study examines sexual function following cancer treatment and its impact on marital relationships. Met...
Stratification of oncotype (ODX) Recurrence Score (RS) by Breast Cancer Index (BCI) and its relation to discordance.

e12025Background: ODX is a gene-expression panel predictive of 10-year risk of distant recurrence and has shown prognostic value in both node-negative (LN-) and node-positive (LN+) breast cancer (B...
Selection Bias Tracking and Detailed Subset Comparison for High-Dimensional Data

The collection of large, complex datasets has become common across a wide variety of domains. Visual analytics tools increasingly play a key role in exploring and answering complex questions about these large datasets. However, many visualizations are not designed to concurrently visualize the large number of dimensions present in complex datasets (e.g. tens of thousands of distinct codes in an electronic health record system). This fact, combined with the ability of many visual analytics systems to enable rapid, ad-hoc specification of groups, or cohorts, of individuals based on a small subset of visualized dimensions, leads to the possibility of introducing selection bias–when the user creates a cohort based on a specified set of dimensions, differences across many other unseen dimensions may also be introduced. These unintended side effects may result in the cohort no longer being representative of the larger population intended to be studied, which can negatively affect the validity of subsequent analyses. We present techniques for selection bias tracking and visualization that can be incorporated into high-dimensional exploratory visual analytics systems, with a focus on medical data with existing data hierarchies. These techniques include: (1) tree-based cohort provenance and visualization, including a user-specified baseline cohort that all other cohorts are compared against, and visual encoding of cohort “drift”, which indicates where selection bias may have occurred, and (2) a set of visualizations, including a novel icicle-plot based visualization, to compare in detail the per-dimension differences between the baseline and a user-specified focus cohort. These techniques are integrated into a medical temporal event sequence visual analytics tool. We present example use cases and report findings from domain expert user interviews.
A network-based response feature matrix as a brain injury metric

Conventional brain injury metrics are scalars that treat the whole head/brain as a single unit but do not characterize the distribution of brain responses. Here, we establish a network-based “response feature matrix” to characterize the magnitude and distribution of impact-induced brain strains. The network nodes and edges encode injury risks to the gray matter regions and their white matter interconnections, respectively. The utility of the metric is illustrated in injury prediction using three independent, real-world datasets: two reconstructed impact datasets from the National Football League (NFL) and Virginia Tech, respectively, and measured concussive and non-injury impacts from Stanford University. Injury predictions with leave-one-out cross-validation are conducted using the two reconstructed datasets separately, and then by combining all datasets into one. Using support vector machine, the network-based injury predictor consistently outperforms four baseline scalar metrics including peak maximum principal strain of the whole brain (MPS), peak linear/rotational acceleration, and peak rotational velocity across all five selected performance measures (e.g., maximized accuracy of 0.887 vs. 0.774 and 0.849 for MPS and rotational acceleration with corresponding positive predictive values of 0.938, 0.772, and 0.800, respectively, using the reconstructed NFL dataset). With sufficient training data, real-world injury prediction is similar to leave-one-out in-sample evaluation, suggesting the potential advantage of the network-based injury metric over conventional scalar metrics. The network-based response feature matrix significantly extends scalar metrics by sampling the brain strains more completely, which may serve as a useful framework potentially allowing for other applications such as characterizing injury patterns or facilitating targeted multi-scale modeling in the future.
Clinical Outcomes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in Older Adults: An INTERMACS Analysis.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in older adults (>75 years of age). Background An aging heart failure population together with improvements in mechanical circulatory support (MCS) technology have led to increasing LVAD implantations in older adults. However, data presenting age-specific outcomes are limited. Methods Adult patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) who required durable MCS between 2008 and 2017 were included. Patients were stratified by 4 age groups: 75 years of age. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to assess post-LVAD outcomes, with log-rank testing used to compare groups. Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine predictors of survival and complications. Results A total of 20,939 individuals received an LVAD during the study period: 7,743 (37.0%) were Conclusions Despite careful selection of older adults for LVAD implantation, age remains a significant predictor of mortality. Higher bleeding and lower clotting risk in elderly patients with LVADs support the use of a less intense antithrombotic regimen in this unique population.