cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intradialytic Hypertension Frequency and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes Among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background Intradialytic hypertension occurs in 5-20% of hemodialysis treatments. Observational data support an association between intradialytic hypertension and long-term mortality. However, the short-term consequences of recurrent intradialytic hypertension are unknown. Methods Data were taken from a cohort of prevalent hemodialysis patients receiving treatment at a large United States dialysis organization on 1 January 2010. A retrospective cohort design with a 180-day baseline, 30-day exposure assessment, and 30-day follow-up period was used to estimate the associations between intradialytic hypertension frequency and 30-day outcomes. Intradialytic hypertension frequency was defined as the proportion of exposure period hemodialysis treatments with a predialysis to postdialysis systolic blood pressure rise >0 mm Hg. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for baseline clinical, laboratory, and dialysis treatment covariates, was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Of the 37,094 study patients, 5,242 (14.1%), 17,965 (48.4%), 10,821 (29.2%), 3,066 (8.3%) had intradialytic hypertension in 0%, 1-32%, 33-66%, and ≥67% of exposure period treatments, respectively. More frequent intradialytic hypertension was associated with incremental increases in 30-day mortality and hospitalizations. Patients with intradialytic hypertension in ≥67% (vs. 0%) of exposure period treatments had the highest risk of all-cause death, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.57 [1.68, 3.94]; cardiovascular (CV) death, 3.68 [1.89, 7.15]; all-cause hospitalizations, 1.42 [1.26, 1.62]; CV hospitalizations, 1.71 [1.36, 2.15]; and volume-related hospitalizations, 2.25 [1.25, 4.04]. Conclusions Among prevalent hemodialysis patients, more frequent intradialytic hypertension was incrementally associated with increased 30-day morbidity and mortality. Intradialytic hypertension may be an important short-term risk marker in the hemodialysis population.
Luminescent zero-dimensional organic metal halide hybrids with near-unity quantum efficiency

Single crystalline zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic hybrid materials with perfect host-guest structures have been developed as a new generation of highly efficient light emitters. Here we report a series of lead-free organic metal halide hybrids with a 0D structure, (C4N2H14X)4SnX6 (X = Br, I) and (C9NH20)2SbX5 (X = Cl), in which the individual metal halide octahedra (SnX64-) and quadrangular pyramids (SbX52-) are completely isolated from each other and surrounded by the organic ligands C4N2H14X+ and C9NH20+, respectively. The isolation of the photoactive metal halide species by the wide band gap organic ligands leads to no interaction or electronic band formation between the metal halide species, allowing the bulk materials to exhibit the intrinsic properties of the individual metal halide species. These 0D organic metal halide hybrids can also be considered as perfect host-guest systems, with the metal halide species periodically doped in the wide band gap matrix. Highly luminescent, strongly Stokes shifted broadband emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (PLQEs) of close to unity were realized, as a result of excited state structural reorganization of the individual metal halide species. Our discovery of highly luminescent single crystalline 0D organic-inorganic hybrid materials as perfect host-guest systems opens up a new paradigm in functional materials design.
Targeting M3 Muscarinic Receptors for Colon Cancer Therapy.

Background Expression and activation of subtype-3 muscarinic receptors (M3R) plays an important role in the progression of colorectal neoplasia. Method Herein, we describe the role of muscarinic receptors in colon cancer, focusing specifically on M3R, illustrate how M3R over-expression and activation of post-receptor signaling pathways potentiates tumor progression, and explore the efficacy and safety of a variety of therapeutic approaches that can target the molecules involved. Results Colon cancers overexpress M3R mRNA (CHRM3) and protein, and post-M3R signaling stimulates cell proliferation. Post-M3R signal transduction is complex, involving interplay between epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)/ERK and protein kinase C (PKC)/p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. In particular, the development of an invasive and metastatic phenotype requires that these signaling interactions augment cellular release of a key collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). Blocking either M3R activation or post-M3R signaling attenuates MMP1 release and colon cancer invasiveness. Conclusion Parsing the complexities of these signaling interactions is important, not only to understand these mechanisms of cancer initiation and progression, but also to develop novel treatment modalities. Since the vast majority of persons with colon cancer die from disseminated disease, preventing or reversing metastatic spread of cancer cells by targeting M3R, post-M3R signaling, or MMP1 has therapeutic potential.
Software tools for GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR)

GNSS-R interferometric reflectometry (also known as GNSS-IR, or GPS-IR for GPS signals) is a technique that uses data from geodetic-quality GNSS instruments for sensing the near-field environment. In contrast to positioning, atmospheric, and timing applications of GNSS, GNSS-IR uses the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data. Software is provided to translate GNSS files, map GNSS-IR reflection zones, calculate GNSS-IR Nyquist frequencies, and estimate changes in the height of a reflecting surface from GNSS SNR data.
Mitochondrial Injury by Ischemia and Reperfusion

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mitochondrial injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia results when the normal blood supply to an organ is compromised as a result of local vascular occlusion or systemic hypotension. It causes tissue injury and necrosis in a wide variety of pathological conditions, including such major health problems as heart attack and stroke. There are similarities in the ischemic syndromes seen in many organs, including heart, intestine, brain, kidney, and lung. Permanent deprivation of blood flow precludes survival of any tissue—the prudent and logical therapy for ischemia is unquestionably reperfusion. The etiology of ischemia is diverse. It can result from atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, or external pressure on vessels, as results from tumors, or even from edema, or it can be iatrogenic as it can occur during surgery, when the blood flow to an organ must be interrupted as in organ transplantation. Ischemia, from whatever source, is accompanied by a lack of both oxygen and nutrients, and therefore, a lack of aerobic energy production.
Stoking the Brightest Fires of Life Among Vertebrates

Hummingbirds and nectarivorous bats in flight display some of the highest rates of aerobic metabolism among vertebrates. Analysis of the pathway of oxygen, i.e., the “oxygen transport cascade”, reveals the concerted upregulation of capacities for O2 flux from the external environment, through the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, into muscle mitochondria. Pathways for aerobic energy metabolism are highly conserved, but enzymatic capacities for carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation, as well as for aerobic ATP synthesis, are also upregulated in concert. Despite evidence indicating sufficient capacities for fatty acid oxidation to support hovering, repeated bouts of hover-feeding in hummingbirds and nectar bats involve the oxidation of carbohydrate. Recent studies reveal that recently ingested sugar directly fuels flight, giving rise to the concept of the “sucrose oxidation cascade”. The ecological and bioenergetic advantages conferred by sugar oxidation during foraging are discussed.
Diagnosis of traumatic brain injury using miRNA signatures in nanomagnetically isolated brain-derived extracellular vesicles

The accurate diagnosis and clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently limited by the lack of accessible molecular biomarkers that reflect the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous disease. To address this challenge, we developed a microchip diagnostic that can characterize TBI more comprehensively using the RNA found in brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our approach measures a panel of EV miRNAs, processed with machine learning algorithms to capture the state of the injured and recovering brain. Our diagnostic combines surface marker-specific nanomagnetic isolation of brain-derived EVs, biomarker discovery using RNA sequencing, and machine learning processing of the EV miRNA cargo to minimally invasively measure the state of TBI. We achieved an accuracy of 99% identifying the signature of injured vs. sham control mice using an independent blinded test set (N = 77), where the injured group consists of heterogeneous populations (injury intensity, elapsed time since injury) to model the variability present in clinical samples. Moreover, we successfully predicted the intensity of the injury, the elapsed time since injury, and the presence of a prior injury using independent blinded test sets (N = 82). We demonstrated the translatability in a blinded test set by identifying TBI patients from healthy controls (AUC = 0.9, N = 60). This approach, which can detect signatures of injury that persist across a variety of injury types and individual responses to injury, more accurately reflects the heterogeneity of human TBI injury and recovery than conventional diagnostics, opening new opportunities to improve treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
Oil and Gas Well Brines for Dust Control on Unpaved Roads - Part 2: Environmental and Health Impacts

Natural gas and oil drilling have expanded rapidly in the U.S in recent years. The volume of various associated waste products has been increasing. One such waste product is the typically saline water produced from the wells along with the hydrocarbons. A variety of methods are currently being employed to dispose of this oil and gas well brine (OGB). One such practice is spreading OGB on unpaved roads for dust control and road stabilization. This investigation focused on the likely effectiveness and anticipatable risks of spreading OGB on unpaved roads. Despite decades of regulated use of OGB for dust control, there appears to be a complete lack of data indicating the practice is effective. Analysis of regulations, related literature, and original data indicated, as previously presented in Part 1 (Payne, 2018), that spreading OGB on unpaved roads is ineffective and likely counterproductive for dust control and road stabilization, and presents numerous potential and immediate environmental and health risks as discussed in this Part 2.
The Search for the Perfect Indicator : Reflections on Monitoring and Evaluation of Resilience for Improved Climate Risk Management

Resilience-building activities are increasingly evident in development projects, and as a result, there is a growing focus on monitoring and evaluating the associated outcomes of these projects for improved climate risk management. Significant challenges in measuring resilience, however, contribute to both a tendency towards imperfect quantified metrics, and a quest for universal resilience indicators that can be aggregated across projects, institutions, and geographies. In this paper, authors draw from lessons across various sectors typically outside of the traditional resilience and climate risk management realm to highlight potential pitfalls and unintended consequences of such metrics. The authors then discuss several ‘thought experiments’ to identify the desired characteristics development practitioners would want projects to demonstrate, but for which there exist risks for imperfect aggregated indicators to create perverse incentives. Process-based metrics that focus on the quality of a project’s design and implementation are more likely to avoid these pitfalls and should be considered a viable alternative to aggregated universal resilience indicators.
Patterns in Welfare: Bureaucracy to Neighborhood Services.

A n area which has traditionally received least attention by black scholars is the study of the varied instruments of social welfare. Without much question, the system of public welfare persists in being one of the major sources from which money (despite its meagerness) consistently flows into the various black ghettos across this nation. In addition, it has become identified as one of the major social institutions which destroys, undermines aspirations, and perpetuates a condition of dependence. Through the provision of inadequate, inappropriate, and mislocated services, it systematically destroys the ability of black users to become self-reliant and in large measure modifies the ability of people to work for change. Although the systems of social welfare are predicated on the theme of temporary usage and are considered to be usable in special conditional emergencies, because of the pervasiveness of racism, structured discrimination, and oppression, blacks who have sought survival through attachment to one or another system of welfare help have found that they become inextricably bound to these systems of subsistence.
The SR proteins SF2 and RBP1 regulate triglyceride storage in the fat body of Drosophila

In Western societies where food is abundant, these excess nutrients are stored as fats mainly in adipose tissue. Fats are stored in structures known as lipid droplets, and a genome-wide screen performed in Drosophila cells has identified several genes that are important for the formation of these droplets. One group of genes found during this screen included those that regulate mRNA splicing. Previous work from our lab has identified some splicing factors that play a role in regulating fat storage; however, the full complement of splicing proteins that regulate lipid metabolism is still unknown. In this study, the levels of a number of serine-arginine (SR) domain containing splicing factors (RSF1, RBP1, RBP1-like, SF2 and Srp-54) were decreased using RNAi in the adult fat body to assess their role in the control of Drosophila metabolism. Decreasing SF2 and RBP1 showed increased triglycerides, while inducing RNAi towards RSF1, RBP1-Like and Srp-54 had no effect on triglycerides. Interestingly, the increased triglyceride phenotype in the SF2-RNAi flies was due to an increase in the amount of fat stored per cell while the RBP1-RNAi flies have more fat cells. In addition, the splicing of the β-oxidation enzyme, CPT1, was altered in the SF2-RNAi flies potentially promoting the increased triglycerides in these animals. Together, this study identifies novel splicing factors responsible for the regulation of lipid storage in the Drosophila fat body and contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms, which influence the regulation of fat storage in adipose-like cells.
U.S. Hospitalization rates and reasons stratified by age among persons with HIV 2014-15.

Persons with HIV (PWH) are aging. The impact of aging on healthcare utilization is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate hospitalization rates and reasons stratified by age among PWH in longitudinal HIV care. Hospitalization data from 2014-2015 was obtained on all adults receiving HIV care at 14 diverse sites within the HIV Research Network in the United States. Modified clinical classification software from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality assigned primary ICD-9 codes into diagnostic categories. Analysis performed with multivariate negative binomial regression. Among 20,608 subjects during 2014-2015, all cause hospitalization rate was 201/1000PY. Non-AIDS defining infection (non-ADI) was the leading cause for admission (44.2/1000PY), followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD) (21.2/1000PY). In multivariate analysis of all-cause admissions, the incidence rate ratio (aIRR) increased with older age (age 18-29 reference): age 30-39 aIRR 1.09 (0.90,1.32), age 40-49 1.38 (1.16,1.63), age 50-59 1.58 (1.33,1.87), and age ≥ 60 2.14 (1.77,2.59). Hospitalization rates increased significantly with age for CVD, endocrine, renal, pulmonary, and oncology. All cause hospitalization rates increased with older age, especially among non-communicable diseases (NCDs), while non-ADIs remained the leading cause for hospitalization. HIV providers should be comfortable screening for and treating NCDs.
Sorting Backbone Analysis: A network-based method of extracting key actionable information from free-sorting task results

Abstract The free-sorting task is increasingly popular as a rapid sensory method to give a global picture of the similarities among samples. Sorting does not require training analysts, allows for the easy, simultaneous presentation of up to 20 samples, and provides stable results with 25–30 subjects. However, wide use of free-sorting is hindered by the current analyses for free sorting—for example DISTATIS and Correspondence Analysis—which require statistical expertise to conduct and interpret. In this paper a novel, alternative analysis is proposed, called “Sorting Backbone Analysis” (SBA), which is based on tools from network analysis. The similarity data produced from free sorting can represent a weighted network, and so a set of network-analysis tools can be used to identify groups of products which are significantly similar, and to visualize these results clearly and powerfully. SBA is simple and can be implemented with open-source software, provides interpretations that agree with current methods, and produces clear, powerful visualizations called “graphs,” which may offer new, interpretable insights to sensory scientists. This paper describes the mathematical and statistical background for SBA and applies SBA to four, previously published sorting datasets, with comparisons to DISTATIS. In each case SBA produces visual results that highlight all of the same features as the standard approach while being easier to interpret, and in many cases produces new insights. Therefore, SBA specifically and network analysis in general are suggested as new approaches for use in the analysis of sensory similarity data as produced through free sorting and related methods.
Deer browsing and shrub competition set sapling recruitment height and interact with light to shape recruitment niches for temperate forest tree species

Abstract For temperate forests, Michigan, USA, we asked: (1) does evidence exist for a height-dependent sapling recruitment bottleneck caused by shrub layer competition and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing and, if so, (2) how do these factors interact with light availability in shaping species-specific sapling recruitment niches? The combination of deer browsing effects on tree population height structure and the effects of deer and shrubs on tree seedling height and mortality indicate a shrub-deer bottleneck for sapling recruitment. The maximum height of deer browsing and shrub canopies as well as height dependent seedling mortality rates revealed a critical height threshold of approximately 2 m, above which trees escape from shrub and deer effects (i.e. sapling recruitment). Species’ sapling recruitment niches differed across a harvest gap size (i.e. light availability) gradient, over which tree seedling height growth potential and shrub competition increased with gap size, but deer browsing probability decreased. Specific to forests with high deer populations, niche differences were related to species growth and survival properties, with species generally falling into three groups: High Light, Broad, and Nowhere. High Light species incur high mortality from shade, shrub competition, and deer browsing. However, recruitment can occur in recently formed large gaps, where seedlings growing within developing shrub canopies avoid competition via rapid height growth and are partially protected from browsing deer. Broad species have lower mortality in shade and grow slower than High Light species and, compared to other groups, exhibit height growth and mortality rates that are less-sensitive to deer browsing pressure. These properties allows sapling recruitment of Broad species over a wide range of gap sizes, including larger gaps, where, via advance regeneration, they can avoid competition with developing shrub layers following canopy disturbance. Nowhere species are similar to Broad species, except their height growth and mortality are sensitive to deer browsing pressure. Heavy browsing pressure in smaller gaps and an inability to maintain taller advance regeneration to contend with shrub competition when large gaps form leave Nowhere species without a sapling recruitment niche. In conclusion, we provide evidence that shrub competition, ungulate browsing, harvest gap size and their interactions constrain height-specific sapling recruitment among tree species in the temperate forests of Michigan. Similar mechanisms may operate in other forests with high ungulate populations. Given these drivers and current management regimes, increasing tree species diversity and resilience to future disturbances may hinge on changing and integrating forest and ungulate management paradigms.
Examination of ethnic racial identity exploration and commitment in emerging adults: Group comparisons and specific features of multiracial identity.

Building on existing literature on ethnic/racial identity in emerging adulthood, we compared between-group differences for Multiracial and Monoracial participants and relevant within-group relation...
Recent scientific/intellectual movements in biomedicine.

Abstract This study compares the trajectories of recent scientific/intellectual movements (SIMs) in biomedicine: evidence-based medicine, translational medicine, precision medicine, personalized medicine, stratified medicine, and genomic medicine. Drawing on bibliometric analysis of these six SIMs, this study identifies three patterns: field integration, niche creation, and disruptive insurgence. Field integration SIMs such as evidence-based medicine and translational medicine are characterized by centrality of key concept papers of the SIM in co-citation networks and dense institutional and country collaboration networks, signaling the resonance of the SIM to the broader biomedical community. In contrast, niche creation SIMs such as stratified medicine and genomic medicine are characterized by lower levels of annual scientific production, the lack centrality or connectivity of key concept papers in co-citation networks, and less density in collaboration networks. Disruptive insurgence SIMs such as precision medicine and personalized medicine are characterized by a high level of annual scientific production, driven by a smaller core of institutions and countries. This is likely a transitional stage as field disrupting SIMs can either become integrated with the broader field or become influential in niches. Proponents of the current push for precision medicine should ensure that a wide range of institutions and specialties be included while being mindful of the dominance of cancer and genomic approaches to health and medicine.
Logistical modelling of a sea-borne expedition in the Mediterranean: the case of the Byzantine invasion of Crete in AD 960

The Byzantine invasion of Crete in AD 960 provides a good opportunity to re-examine questions about the relative ease of supplying pre-modern armies by water in the Mediterranean basin. A combinati...
Application of the Artificial Neural Network in the Diagnosis of Infantile Bronchial Bridge with 64-Slice Multislice Spiral CT.

The objective is to study the application of spiral CT in the diagnosis of the trachea in children. In this study, the effect of 64-slice multislice spiral CT in diagnosing infant bronchial bridge was studied based on an artificial neural network. From June 2020 to December 2020, 100 cases of children with the trachea in the outpatient department of our hospital were selected as the research object. They were divided into the study group and the control group, with 50 cases in each group. The results showed that among the 50 cases in the control group, 42 cases were found to have a bronchial foreign body and 8 cases were missed; the detection rate was 84%. There were 7 cases of trachea foreign body, 15 cases of left bronchial foreign body, 14 cases of right bronchial foreign body, and 6 cases of medium bronchial foreign body. The detection rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a statistical significance ( ). Conclusion. The detection rate of neural networks in MSCT is higher than that of X-ray, and the MSCT based on the artificial neural network can clearly show the morphology, position, and the relationship between the foreign body and trachea, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Contact Tunneling Resistance in Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Contact resistance and current transport through the contacts of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers are important, as CNT fibers contain a very large number of junctions and contacts; and on a macroscopic level, its properties, especially the electrical conductivity, are not well understood. In this study, we used lumped circuit Transmission Line Model (TLM) to get a self-consistent analysis of contact resistivity, current and voltage distribution across parallel contacts formed between two closely spaced CNTs or CNT and other metals. Electric tunneling effect between similar/dissimilar contacting members separated by a thin insulating gap was included in our model using Simmon's formula [1], [2]. The properties of CNT contacts are examined in detail for various input parameters (i.e. input voltage, work function, dimension of the contact, sheet resistance and distance between the contact electrodes). The results give insights on the macroscopic contact resistivity and current distribution across such contacts.
Vocal communication across cultures: theoretical and methodological issues.

The study of human vocal communication has been conducted primarily in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic (WEIRD) societies. Recently, cross-cultural investigations in several doma...
Prognostic accuracy for predicting ordinal competing risk outcomes using ROC surfaces

Many medical conditions are marked by a sequence of events in association with continuous changes in biomarkers. Few works have evaluated the overall accuracy of a biomarker in predicting disease progression. We thus extend the concept of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface and the volume under the surface (VUS) from multi-category outcomes to ordinal competing-risk outcomes that are also subject to noninformative censoring. Two VUS estimators are considered. One is based on the definition of the ROC surface and obtained by integrating the estimated ROC surface. The other is an inverse probability weighted U estimator that is built upon the equivalence of the VUS to the concordance probability between the marker and sequential outcomes. Both estimators have nice asymptotic results that can be derived using counting process techniques and U-statistics theory. We illustrate their good practical performances through simulations and applications to two studies of cognition and a transplant dataset.
Humic Matter in Soil and the Environment: Principles and Controversies

Issue of Organic Matter Concept of Organic Matter Issue of Biomass Terrestrial and Aquatic Organic Matter Issue of Dissolved Organic Matter or DOM Effect of Organic Matter on Ecology and Water Chemistry Issue of Acronyms Concept of Humus Issue of Humus Nonhumic Fraction of Humus Humic Fraction of Humus Issue of Glomalin Concepts of Humic Matter Overview: From Biopolymers to Nanotube Supramolecular Assemblages Biopolymer Concept Operational Concept Issue of Real Compounds Micellar Concept Supramolecular Concept Nanotube Membrane Concept Nature and Distribution of Humic Matter Historical Background: Era of Ulmic, Crenic, and Geic Acids Distribution of Humic Matter Classification of Humic Matter Genesis of Humic Matter Major Pathways of Humification Precursors of Humic Matter Theories of Humification Statistical Modeling of Humification Extraction and Fractionation of Humic Substances Search for Extractants Terrestrial Humic Matter Fractionation of Humic Substances Aquatic Humic Matter Determination of DOC and DOM Types of Humic Substances Chemical Composition of Humic Matter Elemental Composition Group Composition Theory of Minimum Formula Weights Molecular Structures Computer Modeling of Humic Acid Structures Characterization of Humic Substances Chemical Characterization Molecular Weights Ultraviolet and Visible Light Spectrophotometry Infrared Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Electron Microscopy of Humic Matter Electrochemical Properties of Humic Matter Origin and Types of Electric Charges Surface Charge Density Electric Double Layer Chemical Reactions and Interactions Complex Reaction and Chelation Bridging Mechanism Agronomic Importance of Humic Matter Importance in Soils Effect on Soil Physical Properties Effect on Soil Chemical Properties Effect on the Soil Redox System Effect on Soil Biological Properties Importance in Plant Growth Environmental and Industrial Importance of Humic Matter Importance in the Environment Importance in Industry Importance as Pharmaceuticals References and Additional Readings Appendix A: Greek Alphabet Appendix B: Atomic Weights of Major Elements in Soils
The Coase Theorem and the War Power: A Response

In January 1991, our nation narrowly avoided a constitutional crisis, as President Bush requested and Congress passed a joint resolution that authorized the use of military force against Iraq.1 In the weeks preceding that vote, the nation had witnessed a now-familiar dance: The President had threatened to make war without seeking congressional consent, Congress had avoided taking a stand, and the courts had declined to enjoin an unauthorized war.2 In ways not fully appreciated by the public, Judge Harold Greene's decision in Dellums v. Bush 3 helped break the looming impasse between the political branches. Although Judge Greene held unripe a request by members of Congress to enjoin an unauthorized war, he accepted two
Demonstrating the validity of a wildfire DDDAS

We report on an ongoing effort to build a Dynamic Data Driven Application System (DDDAS) for short-range forecast of weather and wildfire behavior from real-time weather data, images, and sensor streams. The system changes the forecast as new data is received. We encapsulate the model code and apply an ensemble Kalman filter in time-space with a highly parallel implementation. In this paper, we discuss how we will demonstrate that our system works using a DDDAS testbed approach and data collected from an earlier fire.
Efficiency of Multi-stage Turbomachines

In Chapter 6, we derived the equations for calculation of different losses that occur within a stage of a turbomachine. As shown, the sum of those losses determines the stage efficiency which shows the capability of energy conversion within the stage. The stage efficiency, however, is not fully identical with the efficiency of the entire turbomachine.
Expression of the Evi-1 zinc finger gene in 32Dc13 myeloid cells blocks granulocytic differentiation in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Abstract Expression of the Evi-1 gene is frequently activated in murine myeloid leukemias by retroviral insertions immediately 5' or 90 kb 5' of the gene. The Evi-1 gene product is a nuclear, DNA-binding zinc finger protein of 145 kDa. On the basis of the properties of the myeloid cell lines in which the Evi-1 gene is activated, it has been hypothesized that its expression blocks normal differentiation. To explore this proposed role, we have constructed a retrovirus vector containing the gene and examined its effects on an interleukin-3-dependent myeloid cell line that differentiates in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Expression of the Evi-1 gene in these cells did not alter the normal growth factor requirements of the cells. However, expression of the Evi-1 gene blocked the ability of the cells to express myeloperoxidase and to terminally differentiate to granulocytes in response to G-CSF. This effect was not due to altered expression of the G-CSF receptor or to changes in the initial responses of the cells to G-CSF. These results support the hypothesis that the inappropriate expression of the Evi-1 gene in myeloid cells interferes with the ability of the cells to terminally differentiate.
The intersection of disability, feminism, and RT/TR

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to explore the intersection between disability, feminism, and recreation therapy/therapeutic recreation (RT/TR). Historically, RT/TR has been a discipline attractive to women because an ethic of care is characteristically associated with RT/TR and the moral development of women. However, frustrated by the lack of respect accorded RT/TR, practitioners (mostly women) have endorsed the medical model with the hope that it would provide a source of appreciation. Unfortunately, the results of endorsing the medical model have yielded only an illusion of respect and further caused the negative construction of disability and play – contributing to the stigmatization of both. The effects of stigma have been oppressive at the intersection: RT/TR is a field where a stigmatized population (disabled) is assisted by a marginalized group (women) using an “irrelevant” human activity (play). The alternative is to “come out” with the merits of play and inclusion as worthwhile results of ...
Familial discoid lupus erythematosus associated with heterozygote C2 deficiency.

Two siblings with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus and several family members were found with heterozygous C2 deficiency. An association with histocompatibility markers HLA-B 18 and HLA-D w2 was demonstrated, and the slow allotype of factor B was present. Linkage studies in this family suggested a close linkage between the C2 deficiency gene and genes coding for B18, Dw2, and BfS antigens. One HLA-A CB/DBF recombinant was observed showing closer linkage between HLA-D and Bf than between HLA-B and Bf.
Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen IX: Regulatory properties of the adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylases of the Enterobocteriaceae

Abstract The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases from several enteric organisms were found to be activated by fructose diphosphate, NADPH, pyridoxal-5′-P, and by some other glycolytic intermediates. The enzyme was partially purified from extracts of Salmonella typhimurium and Citrobacter freundii and the effects of the activators on the kinetic properties of the enzymes were studied. The activators increased the apparent affinities of the enzyme for the various substrates and increased the maximal velocity of ADP-glucose synthesis several-fold for both partially purified enzymes. Both enzymes are inhibited by AMP, ADP, and Pi with AMP being the most potent inhibitor. The concentration of activator modulated the sensitivity of the S. typhimurium enzyme towards inhibition by AMP, ADP, or Pi. The enzyme is more sensitive to inhibition at lower and unsaturating concentration of the activators. However, in the absence of activator only 50–80% of the ADP-glucose synthesis rate could be inhibited even at very high concentrations of 5′AMP (∼2.5 m m ) while in the presence of activator greater than 95% inhibition of ADP-glucose synthesis occurred at concentrations of 0.5 m m AMP or less. The above findings are discussed with respect to the regulation of glycogen synthesis in the Enterobacteriaceae.
Why do hunters skybust? Personal disposition or social influence

Abstract This paper explores two explanations for why waterfowl hunters sometimes shoot at birds flying beyond the range of their guns. One explanation argues that skybusting is perpetrated by “slob”; hunters who lack the ethical sensitivities of the sport hunter. Another explanation argues that skybusting occurs in a socially ambiguous field setting where hunters are influenced by emergent norms of appropriate shot distance established by nearby hunters. This “person vs. situation”; framework was tested using data from goose hunters at the Grand River Marsh in Wisconsin. The study tested the effects of person variables (shooter, crippler) and situational variables (density, perceived crowding, competition, and social influence) on skybusting. The results supported the social influence explanation. Hunter competition and other nearby hunters’ skybusting had significant effects on skybusting. The “slob”; hunter variables, along with density and crowding, did not have significant effects. These results sugg...
An empirical examination of the sensitivity of the analytic hierarchy process to departures from recommended consistency ratios

We use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to examine the judgments of 126 professional internal auditors regarding the importance of 14 factors (called red flags) that may signal the potential for financial fraud within a business organization. The red flags are separated into three categories: management characteristics, firm characteristics, and industry characteristics. The professional internal auditors rated management characteristics as the most important category of characteristics, with five specific characteristics having local weights of 0.117-0.283. Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, we examine whether the global weights for the 14 red flags are different for subsamples of 61 responses with individual consistency ratios of @? 0.10, and 65 responses with consistency ratios of > 0.10. The results indicate that the global weights of the two subsamples are not significantly different. This finding provides preliminary evidence that researchers may be able to use responses with consistency ratios of > 0.10 without affecting the overall findings.
Ichnologic applications in paleoceanographic, paleoclimatic, and sea-level studies

Continued growth of ichnology over the last decade is reflected not only by an expanded realm of applications but also by the emergence of more holistic approaches involving the ichnofabric concept. Both of these trends are exemplified by recent ichnologic applications in paleoceanographic, paleoclimatologic, and sequence stratigraphic studies. Ichnofabrics and representative ichnocoenoses in pelagic/hemipelagic strata provide the basis for reconstructing benthic oxygenation histories of marine basins. Recent studies demonstrate that oxygen-related ichnocoenoses, when mapped within lithochronostratigraphic units, can help recognize spatial paleo-oxygenation gradients that reflect intrabasinal variations in circulation and govern organic matter accumulation. When cointerpreted with sedimentologic data, ichnology-based paleooxygenation histories also can be used to recognize and interpret paleoceanographic cycles and events, particularly those linked to climatic perturbations such as Milankovitch rhythms and El Nino-like phenomena. As demonstrated by recent investigations in the context of marine sequence stratigraphy, potential applications of ichnology in paleobathymetric studies extend well beyond the use of generalized ichnofacies models. Ichnofabric parameters can facilitate reconstructions of relative sea-level dynamics by providing supplementary or primary evidence used to delineate key sequence stratigraphic surfaces. Sequence boundaries and transgressive surfaces, which record erosional exhumation of underlying strata, typically are marked by well-expressed substrate-controlled ichnocoenoses (e.g., those representative of the firmground Glossifungites ichnofacies). Maximum flooding surfaces and other parasequence-bounding marine flooding surfaces can be recognized on the basis of abrupt to subtle vertical ichnofabric successions that signal sea-level-mediated paleoenvironmental change. INTRODUCTION
C'est li chevaliers au poisson: Richars li biaus as a Model of Speculative Chivalry

Richars li biaus is a late medieval romance that exemplifies the verisimilitude, even realism, that had crept into the genre by the thirteenth century. Concentrating on the dialectic of wealth and poverty, this article analyses the suggestive lexical choice treating the theme of economy in the text and, more widely, feudal, urban culture and economics, and how the hero must overcome issues of class, rank, and cash-flow as he speculates in order to accumulate, as he speculates in order to accumulate. The text's attitude to money mirrors social changes of the thirteenth century, and a parallel can be drawn with the content of contemporary medieval sermons critical of the misuse of money. Attention is paid to philology: the names of major and minor characters are dissected in order to suggest a programmatic intention on the part of the mysterious author, Mestre Requis. Richars taps into the matrix of words connected to the idea of richness, and the verb querre, central to the action, also conceals the pseudonym of the author. This curious secondary romance deserves more attention, and illustrates how much such texts have to reveal about the cultural context of the Middle Ages.
Quark-lepton symmetry and B − L as the U(1) generator of the electroweak symmetry group

Abstract We seek an interpretation of the U(1) part of the electroweak symmetry group in terms of the quantum number B − L . We show that the electroweak symmetry group, for which U(1) can be interpreted as a local B − L symmetry, is the left-right symmetry group SU(2) L × SU(2) R × U(1) L+R . The equating of U L+R (1) to U B − L (1) should lead to physical consequences which are not shared by standard gauge theory. B − L may also help to explain the inversion of quark and lepton mass spectra.
Tritiation and characterization of several suicide substrate enzyme inactivators.

Abstract Methods are presented to tritiate the enzyme inhibitors pargyline and caracemide.
Reconstruction of the arcuate fasciculus for surgical planning in the setting of peritumoral edema using two-tensor unscented Kalman filter tractography.

Background Diffusion imaging tractography is increasingly used to trace critical fiber tracts in brain tumor patients to reduce the risk of post-operative neurological deficit. However, the effects of peritumoral edema pose a challenge to conventional tractography using the standard diffusion tensor model. The aim of this study was to present a novel technique using a two-tensor unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm to track the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in brain tumor patients with peritumoral edema.
Characterization and error analysis of an N×N unfolding procedure applied to filtered, photoelectric x-ray detector arrays. II. Error analysis and generalization

A five-channel, filtered-x-ray-detector (XRD) array has been used to measure time-dependent, soft-x-ray flux emitted by z-pinch plasmas at the Z pulsed-power accelerator (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA). The preceding, companion paper [D. L. Fehl et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 120402 (2010)] describes an algorithm for spectral reconstructions (unfolds) and spectrally integrated flux estimates from data obtained by this instrument. The unfolded spectrum Sunfold(E,t) is based on (N=5) first-order B-splines (histograms) in contiguous unfold bins j=1,…,N; the recovered x-ray flux Funfold(t) is estimated as ∫Sunfold(E,t)dE, where E is x-ray energy and t is time. This paper adds two major improvements to the preceding unfold analysis: (a) Error analysis.—Both data noise and response-function uncertainties are propagated into Sunfold(E,t) and Funfold(t). Noise factors ν are derived from simulations to quantify algorithm-induced changes in the noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) for Sunfold in each unfold bin j and for Funfold (ν≡NSRoutput/NSRinput): for Sunfold, 1≲νj≲30, an outcome that is strongly spectrally dependent; for Funfold, 0.6≲νF≲1, a result that is less spectrally sensitive and corroborated independently. For nominal z-pinch experiments, the combined uncertainty (noise and calibrations) in Funfold(t) at peak is estimated to be ∼15%. (b) Generalization of the unfold method.—Spectral sensitivities (called here passband functions) are constructed for Sunfold and Funfold. Predicting how the unfold algorithm reconstructs arbitrary spectra is thereby reduced to quadratures. These tools allow one to understand and quantitatively predict algorithmic distortions (including negative artifacts), to identify potentially troublesome spectra, and to design more useful response functions.
Free abelian topological groups and collapsing maps

Abstract We show that for every pair ( X , Y ) of ANR compacta, Y ⊂ X , the free abelian topological group applied to a collapsing map q : X → X / Y produces a locally trivial bundle A ( q ) : A ( X ) → A ( X / Y ) with the fiber A ( Y ) . As a result we obtain a short proof of the classical Dold–Thom theorem which states that H ˜ n ( X ) = π n ( A ( X ) ) for all complexes X.
Mutations in the PX-SH3A linker of p47phox decouple PI(3,4)P2 binding from NADPH oxidase activation.

NADPH oxidase is essential in the human innate immune response. p47phox, a cytosolic NADPH oxidase component, plays a regulatory role in the activation of NADPH oxidase. Our manipulation of p47phox by mutation and amino acid deletion shows that the linker region between the PX and N-terminal SH3 domain plays a role in blocking the binding of the phosphoinositide 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2], a lipid second messenger generated upon neutrophil activation. Replacement of linker residues 151−158 with glycine alters NMR-measured spin lattice relaxation rates and sedimentation velocity compared to those of the wild-type protein, suggesting that the PX domain is released from its autoinhibited conformation. Liposome binding and surface plasmon resonance experiments confirm this result, showing that this mutant has a similar binding affinity for the isolated PX domain toward PI(3,4)P2. However, an in vitro NADPH oxidase activity assay reveals that this glycine mutant of the full-length protein greatly reduced NAD...
Predicting reading difficulty with statistical language models

A potentially useful feature of information retrieval systems for students is the ability to identify documents that not only are relevant to the query but also match the student's reading level. Manually obtaining an estimate of reading difficulty for each document is not feasible for very large collections, so we require an automated technique. Traditional readability measures, such as the widely used Flesch-Kincaid measure, are simple to apply but perform poorly on Web pages and other non-traditional documents. This work focuses on building a broadly applicable statistical model of text for different reading levels that works for a wide range of documents. To do this, we recast the well-studied problem of readability in terms of text categorization and use straightforward techniques from statistical language modeling. We show that with a modified form of text categorization, it is possible to build generally applicable classifiers with relatively little training data. We apply this method to the problem of classifying Web pages according to their reading difficulty level and show that by using a mixture model to interpolate evidence of a word's frequency across grades, it is possible to build a classifier that achieves an average root mean squared error of between one and two grade levels for 9 of 12 grades. Such classifiers have very efficient implementations and can be applied in many different scenarios. The models can be varied to focus on smaller or larger grade ranges or easily retrained for a variety of tasks or populations.
Selma to Saigon: the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War

Selma to Saigon focuses on the debate over American involvement in the Vietnam War among civil rights leaders during the presidency of Lyndon Johnson (LBJ). Daniel S. Lucks frames his book around t...