cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scoring Adherence in Hemophilia Care and Comparing It to Quality of Life (QofL).

Non-adherence to home based treatment even 10% of the time in hemophilia care may portend a poor outcome and long-range quality of life issues, despite a still enormous financial cost. This study was a rigorous effort to quantify adherence and then compare it to QofL. 79 subjects with hemophilia (48 >18-years and 31<18-years) participated in the study and completed the SF-36 or Child Health Questionnaire (validated QofL forms). Subjects were either using on-demand (OD) treatment regimens or on high intensity (HI) treatment strategies i.e. prophylaxis or immune tolerance therapy. Physician’s specific treatment order for dose and frequency of clotting factor concentrate (CFC) were collected. Factor infusion logs kept by patients were reviewed to determine how factor use matched treatment recommendations. Infusion logs were maintained by 47 of 79 subjects (59%). The amount of CFC used was entered into a database along with the date of the infusion and the reason for the infusion. Due to vial size variability doses that were within 80% to 150% of the prescribed dose for children and 80% to 120% for adults were considered adherent. A scoring system was developed for both OD and HI users based on documented usage patterns. A given subject’s adherence score could range from 0 (representing total non-adherence) to 100% (representing perfect adherence). A subject’s adherence percentile was then ranked accordingly: 0% to 33% = Low Adherence, 34% to 66% = Moderate Adherence, 67% to 100% = High Adherence. Chi Square was used to determine the relationship between adherence and treatment regimen and a two-way analysis of variance was used to compare QofL in subjects with treatment logs to adherence and treatment regimen. Subjects on HI had lower adherence patterns than those on OD (p=. 018). Significant findings related to QofL included that body pain in children was higher with OD compared with HI (p=. 036), however this was not demonstrated in adults. Adults with low adherence patterns had higher mean scores in mental health then high (p=. 021) and moderate (p=. 068) adhering adults. Quantifying adherence and attempting to understand the relationship between adherence and QofL is an important component in the management of hemophilia.
Corporate corruption of science-Another asbestos example.

Background Kelsh et al. [2007]: Occup Med (Lond) 57:581–589 published a paper reanalyzing one of the few data sources publicly available on mesothelioma amongst brake workers, the Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Registry (AMSR). This reanalysis was commissioned by lawyers representing the automobile manufacturing companies and did not align with an independent analysis published by Leigh and Driscoll [2003]: Occup Environ Health 9:206–217. Methods We sought to reevaluate the AMSR data ourselves to understand how the company-sponsored research categorized the data. Results In our re-analysis of the 78 brake-related folios in the AMSR, we determined that 57 were employed brake mechanics, 35 were employed brake mechanics with no other asbestos exposure besides brake work or repair, and 41 of these cases had no other asbestos exposure besides brake work or repair. Our classifications differed significantly from Kelsh et al. Conclusions We discuss how Kelsh et al. methodically reduced the relevant cases by following overly stringent criteria for inclusion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:152–162, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cigarette Smoke, DNA Damage Repair, and Human Health

Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous adverse health effects caused to nearly every organ of the body, which account for an estimated 438 000 deaths, or nearly one of every five deaths each year in the United States (Centers for disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Fact Sheet, January 2008). Cigarette smoking is linked with coronary heart disease and different types of cancers, including lung, bladder, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, cervical, colon, and breast. Other than epidemiological studies, more scientific facts are emerging to establish more firmly the causal relationship of cigarette smoking with different types of cancers.
Major Sperm Protein and Sperm Locomotion

Major sperm protein (MSP) is a 14-kDa, multifunctional, sperm-specific polypeptide that is essential for reproduction in nematodes. MSP polymerizes to form the filament meshworks that power sperm movement and, remarkably, also functions as an extracellular signaling molecule that promotes oocyte maturation and fertilization. Nematode sperm have no flagellum and, instead, extend a lamellipod to crawl over substrates like an amoeba. These cells lack actin, the key motility protein in conventional crawling cells, and base their motility on MSP. The polymerization of MSP into filaments causes the leading edge membrane to protrude while the disassembly of MSP filament meshworks at the base of the lamellipod is involved in creating a force to pull the rear part of the sperm forward. The tight coupling of these two forces in the sperm necessitates finely tuned control of the cytoskeleton that is provided by a series of accessory proteins, many of which are regulated by phosphorylation. While MSP works as an engine to propel sperm movement, it also functions as a signaling molecule that, following its release from sperm, diffuses through the reproductive tract to trigger the final steps of oocyte maturation and the movement of oocytes through the oviduct to the site of fertilization.
Abstract 293: Tcf7l2 Expression And Isoform Switching In Mouse Hearts

Lu Xiao, Haiqing Bai, James Boyer, Bo Ye, Ning Hou, Haodong Xu, and Faqian Li Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA Backgrounds: Canonical Wnt signaling appears to have multiphasic and often antagonistic roles in cardiac development. The molecular mechanism for these opposing actions is not clear. We hypothesized that alternative splicing of TCF7L2, a nuclear interaction partner of beta-catenin is involved in the specificity of canonical Wnt signaling. Methods: RT-PCR were performed on embryonic (E16.5) and neonatal (day 8) hearts with primers spanning the end of first exon and the beginning of last exon and the products were cloned and sequenced. Result: There are totally 18 exons identified so far in TCF7L2. We sequenced 56 clones and 53 clones (29 from day 8) and (24 from E16.5) contained TCF7L2 sequences. No exon 6 or exon 17 was found in TCF7L2 transcripts of mouse hearts. Most clones (more than 80%) from E16.5 and day 8 hearts excluded exon 4. Both E16.5 and day 8 hearts had one clone with exon 9 deletion which does not change reading frame and another with alterations in exon 3 that lead to reading frame shift and premature stop codon. As reported in other organs, there were extensive alternative splicing in the C-terminal exons 14, 15 and 16. The inclusion of exon 14 was more frequently in day 8 (18 of 29, 62%) than in E16.5 (8 of 24, 33%) hearts. The peptide encoded by exon 14 has conserved functional motif. Additionally, this alternative exon usage can change the C-terminus of TCF7L2 to include or exclude the so-called E tail with two binding motifs for C-terminal binding protein. Conclusion: The isoform switch of TCF7L2 occurs in neonatal mouse hearts and may have a role in the terminal differentiation of cardiac myocytes during this period.
Theory of Slow and Multiplexing Controllability and Observability

Abstract In this paper two new types of controllability and observability of linear systems are introduced and investigated. Slow controllability of linear systems by arbitrarily slow piecewise-constant inputs and multiplexing controllability by pulsed inputs are considered. Both types of controllability and their corresponding observability types arise naturally in applications of digital electronics in control systems. Multiplexing controllability is of interest when one controller controls, in time sharing mode, a set of a large number of linear systems. This could be of importance in investigating a class of large scale systems. The developed results apply to both continuous and discrete-time systems.
The Facebook Phenomenon: Boundaries and Controversies

With the increasing use of the Internet by patients and providers alike, it is not unexpected that their online lives would someday intersect. Before the days of Internet search engines, patients knew little about their providers until the day they meet. Now, patients can check the medical board for background checks on past complaints; physician rating sites from other patients; PubMed.gov to find their articles; and physician profiles on either academic, private practice, or marketing Web sites. Likewise, for physicians and other healthcare providers, the only preview of the patient was what they indicated on their first call to determine if they can come in for an intake appointment; however, nowadays many patients have a personal Web site, blog, and/or social networking accounts on services such as Facebook and MySpace. It is all too easy with the power and sophistication of today's search engines to uncover more information about one another, be it pictures posted on Flickr, videos on You Tube, or comments posted on various blogs, discussion forums, or fan sites. Anonymity, privacy, and boundaries are at risk in cyberspace, yet the Internet also offers the power of information, decreasing isolation, and establishing helpful relationships that did not exist prior to its existence. This column explores the issues that impact the patient-physician relationship brought to bear today by social networking and other sites online.
Signed Node Relevance Measurements.

In this paper, we perform the initial and comprehensive study on the problem of measuring node relevance on signed social networks. We design numerous relevance measurements for signed social networks from both local and global perspectives and investigate the connection between signed relevance measurements, balance theory and signed network properties. Experimental results are conducted to study the effects of signed relevance measurements with four real-world datasets on signed network analysis tasks.
The role of executive function in linking fundamental motor skills and reading proficiency in socioeconomically disadvantaged kindergarteners

Abstract The study examined the association between fundamental motor skills (FMS), executive function (EF), and reading proficiency among 145 socioeconomically disadvantaged kindergarteners of diverse ethnicity. Regression analyses supported that EF and FMS were significantly associated with children's reading proficiency. Working memory and inhibition explained a substantial amount of variances in reading proficiency after controlling for the covariates. Structural equation modeling analysis suggested that the relation between FMS and reading proficiency was fully mediated by global EF (χ2/df = 4.29/3; CFI = 0.983; RMSEA = 0.055). Results of the bootstrap method also supported the statistical significant effect of FMS on reading proficiency through global EF, 95% CI [0.029, 0.325]. This study provides initial evidence suggesting that education environment (i.e., school, home and community), specifically school physical activity program, may be important for improving FMS and EF in children for the sake of promoting reading proficiency.
Commitment in Interracial Relationships: Dyadic and Longitudinal Tests of the Investment Model:

Empirical research to explain why partners in interracial relationships appear to be less committed than partners in intraracial relationships is scarce. The Investment Model has been shown to be a...
Experimentation with a transcranial magnetic simulation system for functional brain mapping

We describe functional brain mapping experiments using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device. This device, when placed on a subject's scalp, stimulates the underlying neurons by generating focused magnetic field pulses. A brain mapping is then generated by measuring responses of different motor and sensory functions to this stimulation. The key process in generating this mapping is the association of the 3D positions and orientations of the TMS probe on the scalp to a 3D brain reconstruction such as is feasible with a magnetic resonance image (MRI). We have developed a system which not only generates functional brain maps using such a device, but also provides real-time feedback to guide the technician in placing the probe at appropriate points on the head for achieving the desired map resolution. Functional areas we have mapped are the motor and visual cortex. Validation experiments to date have consisted of repeatability and symmetry tests for mapping the same subjects several times. Applications of the technique include neuranatomy research, surgical planning and guidance, treatment and disease monitoring, and therapeutic procedures.
Major Depression and Its Response to Sertraline in Primary Care vs. Psychiatric Office Practice Patients: Results of an Open-Label Trial in Argentina

Great strides have been achieved in recent years in the detection and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in primary care settings. Little is known about the types or patients with MDD seen in primary care as compared with those seen in psychiatric office practice. Few studies have compared clinical outcomes after treatment with antidepressants in these two settings. In Argentina, the authors conducted an open-label treatment study of MDD patients in primary care (n = 469) and psychiatric office practice (n = 299). The patients were compared on baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables. These same patients were treated with sertraline 50-100 mg per day for 8 weeks. At baseline, the patients in psychiatric office practice were younger, more likely to abuse alcohol, less likely to have comorbid medical disorders, and more likely to have failed a prior treatment for depression during the current episode. The two groups did not differ significantly on depression severity or in depressive symptom profile on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). After 8 weeks of treatment, mean Ham-D scores were reduced comparably in both groups, from about 25 to about 10. Rates of adverse events were 14%-29%, depending on the follow-up interval. Adherence with treatment was high in both groups (over 95%). The patients in primary care and psychiatry office practice are similar in several ways. Significant reductions in depressive symptoms are possible in both settings, in large numbers of patients, by using doses of sertraline in the 50-100 mg range.
The transition state for metal-catalyzed dehalogenation

Substituent effects have been used to probe the nature of the transition state to catalytic carbon–halogen bond breaking. Kinetics measurements have determined the activation energies (E act to C–Cl bond breaking on the Pd(111) surface and C–I bond breaking on the Pd(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. These barriers have been measured using alkyl halides with varying degrees of fluorine substitution. The activation energies have been correlated with the inductive or field substituent constants (σF) of the fluorinated alkyl groups in order to determine reaction constants (E act=E0+ρσF) for the dehalogenation reactions. In all three cases it has been found that the barriers are insensitive to inductive substituent effects and the reaction constants are all relatively small: ρ= −0.5± 1.0 kcal/mol for C–Cl cleavage on Pd(111), ρ= −0.3±0.8 kcal/mol for C–I cleavage on Pd(111), and ρ= −2.9±0.4 kcal/mol for C–I cleavage on Ag(111). This implies that the transition state for dehalogenation is homolytic and occurs early in the reaction coordinate. The implications of this result are discussed for catalytic dehalogenation processes such as hydrodechlorination.
Examining the role of the AIS research literature using the natural experiment of the 2018 JIS conference on cloud computing

Abstract This paper examines the nature and purpose of the AIS research literature, doing so in a focused setting that enables a more nuanced analysis than is possible when reviewing the field as a whole. Specifically, I examine the population of the AIS literature on cloud computing, a technology chosen because it was the subject of the recently held 2018 Journal of Information Systems annual conference. I treat the conference as a natural experiment because the choice of papers for that conference is the best indication of the current state of thinking about not just cloud computing in AIS, but of the kind of research considered desirable in the field. The published and conference papers are analyzed using the frameworks of Alles, Kogan and Vasarhelyi (2008) and O'Leary (2008) who provide a guide for how AIS researchers can write papers that give them a comparative advantage relative to other, competing researchers, and to do the right research at the right time in the right way. Based on this analysis, I conclude that the AIS cloud computing literature largely fails to establish a clear role for itself relative to either the field of accounting or of cloud computing. That is largely the result of the AIS community being unwilling to distinguish between cloud computing as an end in itself as a research subject and the cloud as a means towards an end as a medium of data exchange. Adopting a broad perspective on the domain of AIS research yields a larger set of research topics but increases the riskiness of producing research that fails to add value to the broader literature. This is a lesson that extends beyond cloud computing to the AIS research literature as a whole.
Phosphatase activity of the control of virulence sensor kinase CovS is critical for the pathogenesis of group A streptococcus

The control of virulence regulator/sensor kinase (CovRS) two-component system is critical to the infectivity of group A streptococcus (GAS), and CovRS inactivating mutations are frequently observed in GAS strains causing severe human infections. CovS modulates the phosphorylation status and with it the regulatory effect of its cognate regulator CovR via its kinase and phosphatase activity. However, the contribution of each aspect of CovS function to GAS pathogenesis is unknown. We created isoallelic GAS strains that differ only by defined mutations which either abrogate CovR phosphorylation, CovS kinase or CovS phosphatase activity in order to test the contribution of CovR phosphorylation levels to GAS virulence, emergence of hypervirulent CovS-inactivated strains during infection, and GAS global gene expression. These sets of strains were created in both serotype M1 and M3 backgrounds, two prevalent GAS disease-causing serotypes, to ascertain whether our observations were serotype-specific. In both serotypes, GAS strains lacking CovS phosphatase activity (CovS-T284A) were profoundly impaired in their ability to cause skin infection or colonize the oropharynx in mice and to survive neutrophil killing in human blood. Further, response to the human cathelicidin LL-37 was abrogated. Hypervirulent GAS isolates harboring inactivating CovRS mutations were not recovered from mice infected with M1 strain M1-CovS-T284A and only sparsely recovered from mice infected with M3 strain M3-CovS-T284A late in the infection course. Consistent with our virulence data, transcriptome analyses revealed increased repression of a broad array of virulence genes in the CovS phosphatase deficient strains, including the genes encoding the key anti-phagocytic M protein and its positive regulator Mga, which are not typically part of the CovRS transcriptome. Taken together, these data establish a key role for CovS phosphatase activity in GAS pathogenesis and suggest that CovS phosphatase activity could be a promising therapeutic target in GAS without promoting emergence of hypervirulent CovS-inactivated strains.
Office-Based Medical Care

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent condition that can affect the way an individual interacts with others across the life span. Due to social communication impairments, sensory difficulties, and comorbid emotional or behavioral problems, individuals with ASD may have difficulty accessing high-quality outpatient medical care. Medical providers often feel unprepared to meet the needs of individuals with ASD in a busy, outpatient clinic. In this chapter, we address these concerns by outlining specific strategies that can be employed to prepare the patient for an outpatient medical visit, discussing specific practice accommodations that can be made as well as the general approach to the history and physical examination of patients with ASD. Topics relevant to the care of pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with ASD are presented, including clinical case examples.
Spatial patterns of benthic silica flux in the North Pacific reflect upper ocean production

Diatoms are the dominant algal group that cycles dissolved silicic acid in the ocean; they also play an important role in the oceanic carbon cycle. It is therefore important to quantify the spatial distribution of silica cycling for defining global ocean biogeochemical cycles. On the research cruise CDisK-IV, water samples and sediment cores were collected at 5 stations along a North Pacific transect near 150oW from 22oN to 50oN to evaluate benthic remineralization rates of biogenic silica (bSi). Two independent methods, core incubation and diffusive transport based on porewater profiles, were utilized to estimate benthic silicic acid fluxes, and these independent methods yield fluxes that agree within uncertainties. The benthic fluxes are reported as 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.14, 0.40 ± 0.08 mmol Si m^(−2) day^(−1) for Stations 1 to 5, south to north, respectively. Burial fluxes were estimated using measurements of solid phase bSi in sediments and literature values of sediment accumulation rate. Burial efficiencies of bSi at all stations were <5% and show reasonable agreement with previous estimates. When burial rates were added to benthic fluxes to calculate rain rates, the rain observed under the subarctic gyre (Stations 4–5), was far larger than in the lower latitudes of the subtropics (Stations 1–3), corresponding to higher surface diatom productivity at higher latitudes. At the two northern stations, the bottom 500 m of the water column shows a near-bottom increase in silicic acid that is consistent with the measured benthic flux and the estimated vertical eddy diffusivity. Above this horizon, water column density stratification increases and vertical diffusivity decreases, but the silicic acid gradient decreases. This reduction in gradient indicates that above this horizon, horizontal transport by deep waters, rather than vertical diffusion, becomes the dominant process removing the silicic acid released by benthic remineralization.
Optimal sizing and placement of energy storage systems and on-load tap changer transformers in distribution networks

Abstract The large-scale deployment of distributed energy resources will produce reverse power flows, voltage, and congestion problems in the distribution networks. This paper proposes a novel optimization model to support distribution system operators planning future medium voltage distribution networks characterized by high penetration of behind-the-meter distributed energy resources. The optimization model defines the optimal mix, placement, and size of on-load tap charger transformers and energy storage devices with the objectives of mitigating network technical problems and minimizing both investment and operation costs. The proposed optimization model relaxes the non-convex formulation of the optimal power flow to a constrained second-order cone programming model and exactly linearizes the non-linear model of the on-load tap changer transformer via binary expansion scheme and big-M method. These two transformations reduce the computational burden of the optimization allowing it to be applicable to real-scale distribution grids, as demonstrated by the results. The numerical results also show that the joint optimization of energy storage devices and on-load tap changer transformers produces a more affordable and flexible planning strategy than the individual optimization of the technologies.
Comparison of distance‐based and model‐based ordinations

Distance-based ordinations have played a critical role in community ecology for more than half a century, but are still under active development. These methods employ a matrix of pairwise distances or dissimilarities between sample units, and map sample units from the high-dimensional distance or dissimilarity space to a low-dimensional representation for analysis. Distance- or dissimilarity-based methods employ continuum or gradient ecological theory and a variety of statistical models to achieve the mapping. Recently, ecologists have developed model-based ordinations based on latent vectors and individual species response models. These methods employ the individualistic perspective of Gleason as the ecological model, and Bayesian or maximum-likelihood methods to estimate the parameters for the low dimensional space represented by the latent vectors. In this research I compared two distance-based methods (NMDS and t-SNE) with two model-based methods (BORAL and REO) on five data sets to determine which methods are superior for (1) extracting meaningful ecological drivers of variability in community composition, and (2) estimating sample unit locations in ordination space that maximize the goodness-of-fit of individual species response models to the estimated sample unit locations. Environmental variables and species were fitted to the ordinations by generalized additive models (GAMs) with Gaussian, negative binomial, or Poisson distribution models as appropriate. Across the five data sets, 22 models of environmental variability and 449 models of species distributions were calculated for each of the ordination methods. To minimize the effects of stochasticity the entire analysis was replicated three times and results averaged across the replicates. Results were evaluated by deviance explained and AIC for environmental variables and species distributions, averaged by ordination method for each data set, and ranked from best to worst. For the four assessments distance-based methods ranked 1 and 2 in three cases, and 1 and 3 in one case, significantly out performing the model-based methods. t-SNE was the top-performing method, out performing NMDS especially on the more complex data sets. In general the gradient-based theoretical basis and data sufficiency of distance-based methods allowed distance-based methods to outperform model-based methods in every assessment.
Koinonia: verifiable e-voting with long-term privacy

Despite years of research, many existing e-voting systems do not adequately protect voting privacy. In most cases, such systems only achieve "immediate privacy", that is, they only protect voting privacy against today's adversaries, but not against a future adversary, who may possess better attack technologies like new cryptanalysis algorithms and/or quantum computers. Previous attempts at providing long-term voting privacy (dubbed "everlasting privacy" in the literature) often require additional trusts in parties that do not need to be trusted for immediate privacy. In this paper, we present a framework of adversary models regarding e-voting systems, and analyze possible threats to voting privacy under each model. Based on our analysis, we argue that secret-sharing based voting protocols offer a more natural and elegant privacy-preserving solution than their encryption-based counterparts. We thus design and implement Koinonia, a voting system that provides long-term privacy against powerful adversaries and enables anyone to verify that each ballot is well-formed and the tallying is done correctly. Our experiments show that Koinonia protects voting privacy with a reasonable performance.
Food insecurity & dietary restraint in a diverse urban population

The primary aim of this study was to investigate self-reported reasons for engaging in dietary restraint (DR) in a food insecure urban population. It also tested whether DR was associated with incr...
“This is civil disobedience. I’ll continue.”: the racialization of school board meeting rules

Minoritized communities throughout the world engage in spaces of educational decision-making to advocate for equity-oriented policies. In this article, we explore such advocacy at the local level i...
Analytical modeling for redox flow battery design

Abstract Deeper market penetration of redox flow batteries requires optimization of the cell performance. Though important for performance optimization, detailed analytical solutions have not been developed for coupled electrolyte flow, mass and charge transport of ions, and reaction kinetics within redox flow batteries. To this end, this work presents analytical solutions to spatial variations of active species concentration and over-potential based on advection-diffusion transport for ions and Bulter-Volmer model for interface reaction kinetics. The solutions are validated with results from a finite element model and a calibrated zero-dimensional model. These solutions are then applied to investigate the relationship between over-potential and state of charge, current density, flow velocity, standard reaction rate constant, diffusivity, total active species concentration, and electrode structure. Explicit formulas are identified for minimum activation over-potential and limiting current density as well as their dependence on electrolyte properties, operation conditions, and electrode structure. With our new mathematical formulas, this work provides a theoretical framework for flow battery design.
Unzipping PTSD: Criteria and Screeners

Since its conception as a diagnosis in the 1960s, the criteria describing and defining the diagnosis of PTSD have gone through significant changes. Today, the primary criteria for now include the report of an experience of major trauma, a description of significant secondary functional impairment, specific symptoms in four different categories (intrusive symptoms, avoidance symptoms, alteration in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity), and the exclusion of individuals whose symptoms are secondary to other diagnoses. Traumatic brain injury and substance abuse are significant comorbid diagnoses used to exclude individuals from treatment protocols that affect both the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with PTSD. Because of the high incidence of PTSD and the limited number of practitioners trained in its evaluation and diagnosis, many health-care systems used a screening questionnaire as part of the initial evaluation. The most commonly used of such instruments, the PC-PTSD, is included in the text.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

Safety assessment of structures can not be purely code based and certainly not based on linear elastic analyses. Hence, this chapter will cover key aspects of non-linear finite element analysis.
Time Series Prediction using Deep Learning Methods in Healthcare

Traditional machine learning methods face two main challenges in dealing with healthcare predictive analytics tasks. First, the high-dimensional nature of healthcare data needs labor-intensive and time-consuming processes to select an appropriate set of features for each new task. Secondly, these methods depend on feature engineering to capture the sequential nature of patient data, which may not adequately leverage the temporal patterns of the medical events and their dependencies. Recent deep learning methods have shown promising performance for various healthcare prediction tasks by addressing the high-dimensional and temporal challenges of medical data. These methods can learn useful representations of key factors (e.g., medical concepts or patients) and their interactions from high-dimensional raw (or minimally-processed) healthcare data. In this paper we systemically reviewed studies focused on using deep learning as the prediction model to leverage patient time series data for a healthcare prediction task from methodological perspective. To identify relevant studies, MEDLINE, IEEE, Scopus and ACM digital library were searched for studies published up to February 7th 2021. We found that researchers have contributed to deep time series prediction literature in ten research streams: deep learning models, missing value handling, irregularity handling, patient representation, static data inclusion, attention mechanisms, interpretation, incorporating medical ontologies, learning strategies, and scalability. This study summarizes research insights from these literature streams, identifies several critical research gaps, and suggests future research opportunities for deep learning in patient time series data.
Probabilistic simulation of spatial demand for intelligent product allocation

Connecting consumers with relevant products is a very important problem in both online and offline commerce. In many offline retail settings, product distributors extend bids to place and manage product displays within a retail outlet. The distributor aims to choose a spatial allocation strategy that maximizes revenue given a preset budget constraint. Prior work shows that carefully selecting product locations within a store can minimize search costs and and induce consumers to make "impulse" purchases. Such impulse purchases are influenced by the spatial configuration of the store. However, learning important spatial patterns in offline retail is challenging due to the scarcity of data and the high cost of exploration and experimentation in the physical world. To address these challenges, we propose a stochastic model of spatial demand in physical retail, which we call the Probabilistic Spatial Demand Simulator (PSD-sim). PSD-sim is an effective mirror of the real environment because it exploits the structure of common retail datasets through a hierarchical parameter sharing structure, and is able to incorporate spatial and economic knowledge through informative priors. We show that PSD-sim can both recover ground truth test data better than baselines, and generate new data for unseen states. The simulator can naturally be used to train policy estimators that discover intelligent, spatial allocation strategies. Finally, we perform a preliminary study into different optimization techniques and find that Deep Q-Learning can learn an effective spatial allocation policy.
Challenges in Teaching and Learning Introductory Physics

In a volume intended to celebrate Bill Little’s many contributions to the research frontiers of fundamental and applied physics, an article about teaching the most elementary aspects of physics may seem somewhat out of place. But a substantial part of Bill’s well-deserved reputation is based on his excellence as a teacher, especially for the introductory courses for engineers and biological science majors. This article is offered in homage to his tradition of excellence in education.
Data Curation and the University Archives

Data curation—the active and ongoing management of data through its life cycle—is a concern for researchers. As caretakers, it would seem natural that the university archivist and the university archives have a role in the data curation process. This article addresses the authors' research project to determine the level of involvement of archives and archivists in data curation. The results are contextualized within archival theory and practice, and the authors suggest additional steps that should be taken if the profession is to have a role in data curation.
Spectral mode splitting: concepts and applications

This paper presents a novel spectral mode splitting scheme that manipulate optical spectrum of high-speed optical signal. Basic concepts and some novel applications using this scheme are discussed. Experimental evaluation of the application such as automatic chromatic dispersion compensation and confirmed sufficient sensitivity and sign detection without any dithering technique are discussed.
Control of Glucose Production in vivo by Insulin and Glucagon

The sections in this article are: 1 Assessment of Glucose Production in vivo 2 Glucagon and Glucose Production 2.1 Effects of Basal Glucagon 2.2 Effects of Increments in Glucagon 3 Insulin and Glucose Production 3.1 Effects of Insulin Deficiency 3.2 Effects of Increases in Insulin 3.3 Integration of Insulin and Glucagon's Effects
A HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF HORSE RACING

Horse racing is the most popular sport in Hong Kong. Nowhere else in the world is such attention paid to the races and such large sums of money bet. It is literally a “national sport”. Popular literature has many stories about computerized “betting teams” winning fortunes by using statistical analysis.[1] Additionally, numerous academic papers have been published on the subject, implementing a variety of statistical methods. The academic justiﬁcation for these papers is that a parimutuel game represents a study in decisions under uncertainty, eﬃciency of markets, and even investor psychology. A review of the available published literature has failed to ﬁnd any Bayesian approach to this modeling challenge.This study will attempt to predict the running speed of a horse in a given race. To that eﬀect, the coeﬃcients of a linear model are estimated using the Bayesian method of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Two methods of computing the sampled posterior are used and their results compared. The Gibbs method assumes that all the coeﬃcients are normally distributed, while the Metropolis method allows for their distribution to have an unknown shape. I will calculate and compare the predictive results of several models using these Bayesian Methods.
Land and Resource Management Issues Relevant to Deploying In-Situ Thermal Technologies

Utah is home to oil shale resources containing roughly 1.3 trillion barrels of oil equivalent and our nation’s richest oil sands resources. If economically feasible and environmentally responsible means of tapping these resources can be developed, these resources could provide a safe and stable domestic energy source for decades to come. In Utah, oil shale and oil sands resources underlay a patchwork of federal, state, private, and tribal lands that are subject to different regulatory schemes and conflicting management objectives. Evaluating the development potential of Utah’s oil shale and oil sands resources requires an understanding of jurisdictional issues and the challenges they present to deployment and efficient utilization of emerging technologies. The jurisdictional patchwork and divergent management requirements inhibit efficient, economic, and environmentally sustainable development. This report examines these barriers to resource development, methods of obtaining access to landlocked resources, and options for consolidating resource ownership. This report also examines recent legislative efforts to wrest control of western public lands from the federal government. If successful, these efforts could dramatically reshape resource control and access, though these efforts appear to fall far short of their stated goals. The unintended consequences of adversarial approaches to obtaining resource access may outweigh their benefits, hardening positions and increasing tensions to the detriment of overall coordination between resource managers. Federal land exchanges represent a more efficient and mutually beneficial means of consolidating management control and improving management efficiency. Independent of exchange proposals, resource managers must improve coordination, moving beyond mere consultation with neighboring landowners and sister agencies to coordinating actions with them.
Early Validation of Requirements

This paper describes a case study conducted to determine if formal methods could be used to validate system requirements early in the lifecycle atreasonable cost. Several hundred requirements for the mode logic of a typical Flight Guidance System were captured as natural language “shall” statements. A formal model of the mode logic was written in the RSML -e language and translated into the NuSMV model checker and the PVS theorem prover using translators developed as part of the project. Each “shall” statement was manually translated into a NuSMV or PVS property and proven using these tools.
An improved IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA medium access mechanism through the introduction of random short delays

The work in this paper studies the performance of Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) mechanism in IEEE 802.11 DCF. From studying the propagation delay and clock synchronization differences between terminals, it is concluded that the slight timing differences, effectively a relative jitter, contributes to reducing the probability of collisions after a MAC backoff. This lesson is leveraged in a presented new CSMA/CA MAC technique that deliberately introduces a random short delay, akin to jitter, in the backoff slots time structure. The new medium access technique is evaluated through both an analytical model and simulations that consider the realistic timing constraints set in the IEEE 802.11 standard. Simulation results show improvements in normalized saturated throughput with the new technique from at least 14% for 10 nodes up to 26% for 50 nodes.
Variability bias and category learning

Abstract Humans learn and use knowledge about variability that biases their later learning of new classes of objects. This ability to bias learning has a strong adaptive value, because it permits more effective induction and inductive reasoning. In this paper, we describe a mechanism for learning and using variability biases that was modeled after human abilities. We then demonstrate the functional advantages that humans may achieve by maintaining such information.
PNG1 triangles for tangent plane continuous surfaces on the GPU

Improving the visual appearance of coarse triangle meshes is usually done with graphics hardware with per-pixel shading techniques. Improving the appearance at silhouettes is inherently hard, as shading has only a small influence there and the geometry must be corrected. With the new geometry shader stage released with DirectX 10, the functionality to generate new primitives from an input primitive is available. Also the shader can access a restricted primitive neighborhood. In this paper, we present a curved surface patch that can deal with this restricted data available in the geometry shader. A surface patch is defined over a triangle with its vertex normals and the three edge neighbor triangles. Compared to PN triangles, which define a curved patch using just the triangle with its vertex normals, our surface patch is G1 continuous with its three neighboring patches. The patch is obtained by blending two cubic Bezier patches for each triangle edge. In this way, our surface is especially suitable for efficient, high-quality tessellation on the GPU. We show the construction of the surface and how to add special features such as creases. Thus, the appearance of the surface patch can be fine-tuned easily. The surface patch is easy to integrate into existing polygonal modeling and rendering environments. We give some examples using Autodesk Maya.®
Geographic Properties of Internet Routing

In this paper, we study the geographic properties of Internet routing. Our work is distinguished from most previous studies of Internet routing in that we consider the geographic path traversed by packets, not just the network path. We examine several geographic properties including the circuitousness of Internet routes, how multiple ISPs along an end-to-end path share the burden of routing packets, and the geographic fault tolerance of ISP networks. We evaluate these properties using extensive network measurements gathered from a geographically diverse set of probe points. Our analysis shows that circuitousness of Internet paths depends on the geographic and network locations of the end-hosts, and tends to be greater when paths traverse multiple ISP. Using geographic information, we quantify the degree to which an ISP’s routing policy resembles hot-potato or cold-potato routing. We find evidence of certain tier-1 ISPs exhibiting hot-potato routing. Finally, based on network topology information gathered at CAIDA, we find that many tier-1 ISP networks may have poor tolerance to the failure of a single, critical geographic node, assuming the published topology information is reasonably complete.
Characterization of a bovine cone photoreceptor phosphodiesterase purified by cyclic GMP-sepharose chromatography.

Abstract The biochemical bases for the differences in cone and rod photoreceptor physiology have not been thoroughly examined because of the difficulty in obtaining cone photoreceptor components. We report here the purification and preliminary characterization of a bovine cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) which is enriched in cone photoreceptors. The cone PDE was purified at least 15,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from bovine retinas by DEAE-cellulose and cGMP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The trypsin-activated cone PDE hydrolyzed cGMP with efficiency similar to that of the rod PDE. However, a number of characteristics distinguished the cone PDE from the rod isozyme including the subunit structure. As previously reported, the apparent molecular weight of the cone PDE large subunit (alpha') was slightly larger than either of the large subunits of the rod PDE (93,500 versus 88,000 and 84,000). Three other smaller polypeptides were associated with the alpha' subunit (Mr = 11,000, 13,000, and 15,000), one of which (11,000) may be identical to the rod PDE gamma subunit. Cone phosphodiesterase binds at least 10-fold more cyclic GMP/mol of PDE than the rod photoreceptor isozyme. Cyclic GMP binds to this noncatalytic site with high affinity (Kd = 11 nM) and dissociates very slowly (t1/2 = 10-20 min at 37 degrees C). Purified rod transducin activated the cone PDE in solution to at least 90% of the trypsin-activated level. The concentration of rod transducin required for half-maximal activation of cone PDE (15 nM) was 50-fold lower than that necessary for half-maximal activation of rod PDE. Thus several properties of the cone phosphodiesterase clearly distinguish it from the rod isozyme and could account for some differences in cone and rod physiology.