cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
45 Accelerated Intravascular Coagulation in the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Renal tissue was obtained by percutaneous biopsy in 11 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome from 9 to 365 days after onset of disease; by autopsy in 5 after 6 to 58 days of illness. By light microscopy, the early histologic lesion (up to 30 days) was characterized by glomerular capillary ectasia and intracapillary eosinophilic depositions (fibrin-like material). Regardless of duration or severity, electron microscopy revealed irregular swelling and fragmentation of basement membrane, swelling of endothelial cytoplasm and deposition of granular and fibrillar electron-dense material with periodicity of fibrin between the basement membrane and endothelium and in the mesangium, most pronounced during the early course of disease. Tissue from 8 patients was studied by immunofluorescent technics after 6 to 42 days of illness. Fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG, IgM, IgA and B1A–1C sera produced no staining; antifibrinogen serum produced intense smooth staining along capillary walls and diffuse staining in cytoplasm of endothelial and mesangial cells. The thrombocytopenia responded to heparinization in 6 patients; in 3, heparinization was discontinued prematurely—in each, platelet counts fell and rose again coincident with cessation and reinstitution of heparin therapy.
Patterns of use of smokeless tobacco and the unidimensional model of drug involvement

The present study tested whether smokeless tobacco (ST) fits a unidimensional model of drug involvement and tried to locate ST along the dimension that underlies drug use. The latent trait analysis was employed to quantify drug involvement in a sample of high school students. Analyses showed that although ST use fits the unidimensional model of drug involvement, the place of ST use along the continuum of drug involvement is not stable and differs by gender and ethnicity. Particularly for males, ST use is likely to be preceded by soft drug use and followed by hard drug use; for females, however, ST use is closely associated with hard drug use. The analyses also revealed that the fit of the unidimensional model and the location of ST use along the dimension vary with different ethnic groups.
Early complications of abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy.

In 1982, the Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST) study was published, reviewing the complications accompanying and following both abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. This review was undertaken to see how these rates have changed in the ensuing years. All large series of abdominal and vagin
New directions in fiber optic chemical sensors: Sensors based on polymer swelling

Abstract Fiber optics permit continuous in situ spectroscopic measurements, effectively bringing the spectrometer to the sample rather than the reverse. The scope of applications is greatly increased by coupling fiber optics to immobilized indicators which reversibly interact with analyte to produce an optically detectable product. More recently, systems have been developed for continuously supplying reagent to the tip of a fiber so that irreversible reactions may be used for steady state continuous measurements. Antibodies and enzymes have been combined with optical fibers to make sensitive and selective analytical measurements. However, these systems usually require addition of reagents or lack reversibility. To get back to the original idea of continuous, in situ measurements, the author has recently started to investigate a new type of sensor based on polymer swelling coupled to fiber optic displacement measurements. The principles of this type of sensor are described and preliminary results are presented here.
Strategic Knowledge Arbitrage and Serendipity (SKARSE™) in Action

In today’s globalizing and hypercompetitive marketplace, knowledge, and learning are the only capabilities that can provide sustained competitive advantage. “Knowledge” is the content of learning and a firm gains competitive superiority either by knowing something that its competitors do not know or by having a certain type of knowledge that cannot easily be replicated. “Learning” is the process of gaining new knowledge, so that the firm is constantly accumulating and assimilating knowledge and this becomes the basis for creating and improving organizational routines. Learning is the also the basis of what strategists are calling firms’ “dynamic capabilities”, which enable them to build new competences in an evolutionary cycle to maintain an edge in an ever-changing industrial environment. This paper briefly explores conceptually and attempts to validate empirically the nature and dynamics of strategic knowledge arbitrage and serendipity (SKARSE™) as real options drivers (RODs). The author reviews and assesses how, why, and when SKARSE™ serve as high value-adding RODs and identifies critical success and failure factors in designing and implementing real options that leverage SKARSE™. He also examines the lessons learned from actual mergers and acquisitions. Finally, he addresses the operation of SKARSE™ in the context of a complex evolutionary ecosystem shaped by the dynamics of co-opetition, co-evolution, and co-specialization.
Higher-Order Units in Reading Instruction.

Abstract Gibson and her colleagues have presented arguments and evidence suggesting that the most appropriate unit to teach in reading is neither the single letter nor the whole word but a higher-order unit determined from examining grapheme-phoneme correspondences. The present study employed a computer analysis of the most frequently occurring (approximately 18,000) words in the English language. All letter strings from two to seven letters in length (here after called ngrams) were output with all the words in which the ngram appeared printed beneath the ngram. In addition type and token frequencies of each ngram were calculated and printed in separate rank order and alphabetic lists. Preliminary analysis of the consistency of mappings of various ngrams suggests that many are potentially useful for reading instruction. Current research with the computer is designed to extend the preliminary analysis.
THE PERKY EFFECT: INCORPORATION OF AN EXTERNAL STIMULUS INTO AN IMAGERY EXPERIENCE UNDER PLACEBO AND CONTROL CONDITIONS.

Seventeen Ss were told to imagine six colored objects, successively, while facsimiles of the objects were flashed on a screen at increasing levels of intensity. Ten Ss received a placebo which was described as a relaxant. Ss' reported experiences were rated as perceptions of reality or as imagery. Control Ss had an increasing number of reality experiences as the intensity of the stimuli increased. Placebo Ss were relatively unaffected by the level of intensity of the stimulus. Instead the placebo seemed to polarize their reactions into reactors who tended to experience most of the stimuli as part of their imagery and the non-reactors, who tended to identify all six stimuli as perceptions.
Quantum gravity corrections for Schwarzschild black holes

We consider the matrix theory proposal describing 11-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. We argue that the Newtonian potential between two black holes receives a genuine long-range quantum gravity correction, which is finite and can be computed from the supergravity point of view. In this large-distance limit, the black hole will be treated as a massive pointlike object. The supergravity result agrees with matrix theory up to a numerical factor which we have not computed.
The classical/linear Hanoi hybrid problem: regular configurations

We continue our study, begun in [3], of the classical/linear Towers of Hanoi "hybrid" problem, in which there are three pegs arranged in a row, and the rules governing ring movement depend on ring color. Whereas [3] dealt with perfect to perfect configuration problems in a very straightforward manner, the current paper discusses deterministic and dynamic algorithms for regular to regular problems, which turn out to be far more complicated than perhaps might be expected.
An Agent-Based Approach to Reconciling Data Heterogeneity in Cyber-Physical Systems

Computing and communication devices in any cyber-physical system (CPS) of non-trivial scale exhibit significant heterogeneity. Critical infrastructure systems, which are prime examples of CPSs, are no exception. The extent of networking capability, decentralized control, and more generally, integration between the cyber and physical infrastructures can vary greatly within a large-scale CPS. Other manifestations of heterogeneity in CPSs are in the resolution, syntax, and semantics of data collected by sensors from the physical infrastructure. Similar challenges complicate the use of databases that maintain past sensor data, device settings, or information about the physical infrastructure. The work presented in this paper aims to address these challenges by using the summary schemas model (SSM), which enables heterogeneous data sources to be queried with an unrestricted view and/or terminology. This support for imprecise queries significantly broadens the scope of data that can be used for intelligent decision support and carries the promise of increased reliability and performance for the CPS. We seek to ensure that ambiguity and imprecision do not accompany this expanded scope. %a.r.(note imprecise query also may bring ambiguity and not exact answer into the picture) The ultimate goal of a CPS is to fortify and streamline the operation of its physical infrastructure. The success of this task is contingent upon correct and efficient interpretation of data describing the state of the physical components, and the constraints to which it is subject. To this end, we propose agent-based semantic interpretation services that extract meaningful and useful information from raw data from heterogeneous sources, aided by the SSM. The proposed approach is described in the context of intelligent water distribution networks, which are cyber-physical critical infrastructure systems responsible for reliable delivery of potable water. The methodology is general, and can be extended to a broad range of CPSs, including smart power grids and intelligent transportation systems.
Patterns of child abuse and neglect in Japanese- and Samoan-Americans

Research has revealed child abuse and neglect to be a complex problem with multiple determinants. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate cultural aspects of abuse and neglect in Japanese-American and Samoan-American families in Hawaii. Several major areas of interest were delineated and examined: frequency of abuse and neglect, type and severity of abuse, history of childhood abuse for the perpetrator, environmental stress factors and personal factors relevant to the abuse or neglect as reported by the perpetrator. Cultural differences and patterns are reflected throughout the results. Abuse was found to be significantly more frequent in the Samoan-American group than in the Japanese-American group, with the converse being true for neglect. The total amount of environmental stress was found to be equal, but the types of stresses distinguished the two groups. Personal factors precipitating the abuse or neglect also revealed significant cultural differences. Cultural attitudes and behaviors related to child-rearing were reviewed and discussed with regards to the findings of this study. The results provide further evidence that programs of prevention and treatment must consider and reflect the cultural aspects of child abuse and neglect.
Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization followed by hepatic resection for the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.

In three cases of the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma, emergent transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization was performed for controlling the intraperitoneal hemorrhage. No more transfusions were required after embolization. Operation was carried out on the 10th, 5th, and 5th day, respectively, after liver function studies returned to the pre-embolization level. Hepatic resection of left hemi-hepatectomy was performed in Case 1, and segmentectomy in Case 2 and Case 3 each. Transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization followed by hepatic resection is a rational treatment in the management of the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 58:332–335, 1986.
Real-time high-resolution optical sectioning suggests biphasic cytokinetic mechanism in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Despite its biological significance, much of the mechanism of cytokinesis is not yet resolved. The problems include: (1) signaling mechanism determining the position of the cleavage furrow, (2) molecular and mechanistic nature of the contractile ring, and (3) the origin of forces responsible for cleavage. Using high-resolution imaging technique, the present study analyzes morphometric changes of cytokinesis in wild type (NC4) Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba. A sample was prepared by the agar-overlay method, creating 3-mm-thick, nearly two-dimensional cells; and high-resolution image was acquired at 16.7 milliseconds' temporal, 234 nm x, y-, and 100 nm z-axis resolutions. Under this condition, the formation of cleavage furrow initiates at mitotic telophase, and daughter cells separate 18-22 minutes after the furrow initiation. We found that the compression of cells and the room temperature need to be carefully controlled for cytokinesis to proceed in an orderly manner. The results demonstrate that the pole-to-pole distance increases by 83% during the initial 5 minutes of cytokinesis, while the distance of equator only decreases by 56%. In contrast, during the subsequent 5 minutes, the pole-to-pole distance only increases by 17%, while the equator distance decreases as much as by 44%. This study indicates that cytokinesis consists of at least two different phases, each of which results from a different mechanism.
Border work: spatial lives of the state in rural Central Asia

The Fergana Valley, Caucasus, Highland Papua New Guinea and China's Yunnan province share one distinctive feature: they are among the places with richest ethnic and linguistic diversity on the plan...
Effects of gravity perturbation on developing animal systems.

The use of developing animal systems to analyze the effects of microgravity on animals is discussed. Some of the key features of developing systems, especially embryos, are reviewed and relevant space data are summarized. Issues to be addressed in the design of future space experiments are discussed. It is noted that an embryo which exhibits ground based gravity effects should be selected for use as a model system and individual variation in gravity response among batches of embryos should be taken into account.
Bandwidth Characterization in the Micropositioning of Ionic Polymer Actuators

Ionic polymers are electromechanically coupled smart materials that can be used as both actuators and sensors. As flexible actuators, these materials have been known to exhibit nonlinear behavior, but the present work shows that linear control techniques can greatly improve the open-loop response. However, because material dehydration results in changing system parameters, the linear control designs only offer a stable system for a limited amount of time (approximately 30 s). This study shows that the application of integral control to ionic polymer actuators can provide precise tracking performance to a reference step input. The actuator’s response to frequencies is also studied, in both the time and frequency domain. The frequency response analysis offers insight into the bandwidth of the actuators, where it was shown that the closed-loop bandwidth of the cantilever actuator is approximately 10% of its first resonance frequency. Simulations are performed with a linear empirical model of a cantilevered a...
Identification of metabolites of 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine, an antitumor and antiviral agent☆

Abstract Analysis of blood from a dog given a 400 mg/m2 dose of 9-β- d -arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-araA) led to the identification of parent drug and a major metabolite, 9-β- d -arabinofuranosyl-2-fluorohypoxanthine. 2-Fluoroadenine, a toxic derivative of 2-F-araA, was not detected in blood within the limits of detection, suggesting that parent drug was absorbed and distributed without systemic exposure to this toxic derivative. Parent drug, 2-fluoroadenine, and 9-β- d -arabinofuranosyl-2-fluorohypoxanthine were identified in urine of dog, monkey, and mouse.
Achieving smart grid interoperability through collaboration

Numerous analyses, including the “Prism” analysis at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), show that energy conservation and distributed resource integration are critical elements of an overall strategy to reduce carbon emissions. The smart grid is the enabling infrastructure that makes much higher levels of distributed resource integration possible. The value is maximized by leveraging Distributed Resources at both the local and overall system level as a “virtual power plant” to better match energy supply with demand along with related value-added benefits. Due to the complexity, number and scale of the systems and devices involved in creating a demand-side virtual power plant, interoperability between the various systems is the key to success. An interoperable smart grid fosters increased competition among suppliers, innovation, choice, reduced costs and reduced capital risk caused by technology or vendor obsolescence, and enables automation resulting in increased value and improved reliability. Unfortunately, interoperability cannot realistically be achieved by a single entity and requires collaboration from numerous organizations including utilities, regulatory bodies, standards bodies, vendors and more. An approach of structured regional utility demonstrations designed to promote and evaluate integration of distributed resources at all levels of power system operations will further smart grid interoperability. Utilizing a standardized approach like the IntelliGrid® methodology to develop use cases and standard functional requirements can further communication, information, and control infrastructures required to support integration of emerging technologies as well as identify critical gaps in existing standards providing focus for future research and development.
Characterization of 49Ca as a γ-ray intensity standard

Abstract 49 Ca can be used to extend the efficiency calibration and rough energy calibration of a Ge γ-ray detector to almost 5 MeV. Spectra with good statistics can be obtained by multiple neutron irradiations of natural calcium. For calibration purposes the most useful γ-rays are 3084, 4072, and 4738 keV, for which we have obtained intensities of 90.72(4)%, 8.12(3)%, and 0.281(6)%, respectively. There is little coincidence summing of γ-rays in the decay. The absence of summing and the pattern of energies and intensities make 49 Ca particularly useful in measuring full energy and annihilation escape efficiencies for small source-to-detector distances. We have acquired over 50 spectra with a large, well-characterized Ge detector and have determined the intensities of all observable γ-rays, six of which have not been reported previously.
Immunization Rates among Disabled Children in Ecuador: Unanticipated Findings

Researchers hypothesize that impoverished parents in developing countries may forego provision of healthcare for disabled children, instead allocating scarce resources to nondisabled children or other household needs. We compared the immunization rates of 32 children with complex special heathcare needs with those of 95 nondisabled siblings in coastal Ecuador. Almost 100% (31 of 32) of the disabled children studied were immunized at a rate comparable with their nondisabled siblings. We propose that this finding is attributable to an effective national immunization program and to positive local sociocultural attitudes toward disability. These findings underscore the need for more research on disability across cultures.
Design determinism, post-meltdown: urban planners and the search for policy relevance

This commentary explores the roles of planning and urban design in contemporary US urbanization following the global financial crisis in Fall 2008. We focus on the tendency to discuss the planning profession in recovery metaphors – a perspective that has been emphasized in establishing how the profession's past and future relevance may be asserted. In the recent past the planning profession has sought to recover its standing and policy relevance through its contributions to real estate development. In doing so, the profession has gravitated toward design and determinism in order to satisfy pluralist demands within the loosely regulated political economy of neoliberal urban growth. But while design determinism offered numerous practical advantages to the planning profession for the short term, it also served to preclude the profession from engaging with social justice, the social construction of place, and civil society.
Thermal decomposition of 1,1,2,2-tetraaryl-1,2-ethanediols

The thermal degradation of a series of 1,1,2,2-tetraaryl-1,2-ethanediols has been examined using thermogravimetry (TG) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These compounds are smoothly converted to the corresponding diaryl ketone and diaryl carbinol, i.e., the compounds undergo disproportionation arising from homolytic cleavage of the central carbon–carbon bond. Presumably, cleavage of the carbon–carbon bond generates a radical pair which disproportionates to provide the observed products.
Beta decay properties using a statistical model

Beta decay properties (t/sub 1/2/, E-bar/sub ..beta../, E-bar/sub ..gamma../, E-bar/sub n/, and P/sub n/) are calculated for fission product nuclei by a statistical model and are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
Overcoming the Effects of Variation in Infant Speech Segmentation: Influences of Word Familiarity

Previous studies have shown that 7.5-month-olds can track and encode words in fluent speech, but they fail to equate instances of a word that contrast in talker gender, vocal affect, and fundamental frequency. By 10.5 months, they succeed at generalizing across such variability, marking a clear transition period during which infants' word recognition skills become qualitatively more mature. Here we explore the role of word familiarity in this critical transition and, in particular, whether words that occur frequently in a child's listening environment (i.e., “Mommy” and “Daddy”) are more easily recognized when they differ in surface characteristics than those that infants have not previously encountered (termed nonwords). Results demonstrate that words are segmented from continuous speech in a more linguistically mature fashion than nonwords at 7.5 months, but at 10.5 months, both words and nonwords are segmented in a relatively mature fashion. These findings suggest that early word recognition is facilit...
A Rapid Technique for Extraction of Yolk Cholesterol

Abstract Modifications were made in the Folch (1956) procedure of extraction of cholesterol to obtain a simpler, more rapid extraction of egg yolk cholesterol with no loss of accuracy and repeatability. In the modified extraction procedure 15 ml. of 2:1 chloroform-methanol was added to 1 gm. egg yolk, the sample shaken by hand, 5 ml. of H2O added and the sample again shaken by hand. After centrifugation, the removal of the aqueous-methanol layer and filteration of the chloroform layer, the cholesterol content of samples was determined. The amount of cholesterol extracted and recovered by the modified technique was significantly higher than when the original extraction procedure was used. The increased extraction was due both to the smaller volume of chloroform-methanol used in emulsification and to the method of shaking. Substitution of KCl solution for water, or addition of sodium sulfate appeared to have no effect on the cholesterol extracted. The coefficient of variability for extractions obtained by the modified method was 9.8% compared to 29.9% for extractions obtained by the original procedure.
Polysilicon optical microscanners for laser scanning displays

Abstract We have designed and fabricated polysilicon microscanners using surface micromachining technologies. The scanners have electrostatic-comb actuators to drive 300 × 400 μm 2 micromirrors mounted on stationary frames by torsion bars. Torsion-bar mounting improves scanning precision from what is achievable using hinge mounting with journal bearings. The scans are accurate to 0.19 mrad; that is a scan jitter of 0.1% of the full scale, or 9% of a pixel. A 7 × 10-pixel laser-scanning display built with a seven-element, fan-diode-laser array and a scanning polysilicon micromirror is presented. A dual-axis, raster-scanning system based on similar resonant microscanners can be integrated on a chip with the light sources to produce compact microdisplay modules.
Teacher Cognitions of Wildlife Management Concepts

Abstract A survey questionnaire was used to collect data on California grade school teachers' knowledge of wildlife management concepts. Certain misconceptions of wildlife surfaced, specifically with respect to the role of wildlife management tools such as hunting, stocking, and exotic species introductions.
Differential regulation of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and SHC by Wortmannin in intact cells.

Abstract Wortmannin is an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3′-kinase, a cellular kinase activated by docking to phosphotyrosyl residues of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) that can also phosphorylate serine residues on IRS-1 in vitro. After treatment of hepatoma cells with 100 nM wortmannin, the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in response to insulin was increased by 38.3 ± 3.3% while its phosphoserine/threonine content was reduced by 19%. Treatment with 1 μM wortmannin further increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation to 180% of control, while under these conditions, tyrosine phosphorylation of the IR substrate p52 Shc was reduced to less than 50% of control. Thus, alteration of the serine phosphorylation of IR substrates by a wortmannin-sensitive kinase may regulate post-insulin receptor signaling pathways by differential modulation of their insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation.
PPARγ: a Nuclear Regulator of Metabolism, Differentiation, and Cell Growth

com-prise an important subfamily of the nuclear hormone receptor(NHR) superfamily. These ligand-activated transcription factorshave been intensively studied for more than a decade and havebeen implicated in such diverse pathways as lipid and glucosehomeostasis, control of cellular proliferation, and differentiation.The name PPAR derives from the initial cloning of one isoform asa target of various xenobiotic compounds that were observed toinduce proliferation of peroxisomes in the liver (1). This proteinwas called the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, nowknown as PPAR . Within a few years, the group of PPARs wasexpanded to include PPAR and PPAR (also referred to as PPAR ,NUC1, and FAAR) (2–6). This review will focus on PPAR .
Simplicial maps of graphs that factor through an arc

Abstract In this paper it is shown that a simplicial map ϕ from a connected graph into a graph can be factored through an arc if and only if there are a monotone map μ , a sequence π 1 , π 2 ,…, π n of folds, and an irreducible map ψ whose domain is an arc such that ϕ = ψ ∘ π n ∘⋯∘ π 2 ∘ π 1 ∘ μ . Implicit in this result is a procedure that can be useful for determining whether a simplicial map factors through an arc. For those that do, the procedure produces a factorization. This is demonstrated by means of an example. On the way to the main results, quotient graphs are defined and fundamental results relating them to simplicial maps are proved. Folds are then defined as a specific type of projection onto a quotient graph, generalizing previous definitions.
LEARNING FROM SUCCESSES

In this paper a new learning scheme for SAT is proposed. The originality of our approach arises from its ability to achieve clause learning even if no conflict occurs. This kind of learning from successes clearly contrasts with all the traditional learning approaches which generally refer to conflict analysis. To make such learning possible, relevant clauses, taken from the satisfied part of the formula are conjointly used with the classical implication graph to derive new and more powerful reasons for the implication of a given literal. Based on this extension a first learning scheme called Learning for Dynamic Assignments Reordering (LDAR) is proposed. It exploits the new derived reasons to dynamically reorder partial assignments. Experimental results show that the integration of LDAR within a state-of-the-art SAT solver achieves interesting improvements particularly on satisfiable instances.
The mutual influence of parenting and boys' externalizing behavior problems

Abstract The current study examined the mutual influence of parenting and boys' externalizing behavior from 4th to 8th grade, how these relationships change as children develop, and the stability of parenting and child behavior in a sample of 122 boys. Child behavior predicted poor parental monitoring at 6th and 7th grade and inconsistent discipline at all grade levels examined. Parenting behavior was not related to child behavior above and beyond the stability of child behavior. Stability of child behavior decreased from 5th to 6th grade and stability of parental monitoring decreased from 5th–6th and 6th–7th grade, suggesting that 6th grade was an important transition point for both parenting and child behavior. Implications of these findings for prevention and intervention are discussed.
Using risk analysis to manage software maintenance

Software maintenance management can be improved through explicit consideration of the impact of maintenance efforts on project risk, maintainability risk and usability risks, including functionality, performance, financial and software failure risk. The paper illustrates how to analyse the effect of maintenance on software failure risk. I also show how risk analysis can guide important maintenance decisions: determining whether to redevelop software, prioritizing maintenance efforts, allocating resources and planning release schedules. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of cannibalism in male Rockland-Swiss mice and the influence of olfactory bulb removal.

Approximately 50% of adult male mice killed 1-day old mouse pups. Pup killing was usually accompanied by eating of one or both pups. Pup killing was not exhibited by normal 22-day old male mice or by 22-day olds that were administered testosterone propionate for 11 days prior to testing, but was exhibited by 22-day olds that were subject to bilateral olfactory bulb removal.
Experimental study of angular distributions and optimum Q values in heavy- ion reactions

Abstract The optimum Q-values and total yields of transfer reactions from 16O + 172Yb have been studied near the Coulomb barrier by observing 12C, 14C, and 15N particles. These quantities are compared with simple classical expectations. Recoil effects are clearly seen. At energies below the barrier, the transfer probabilities are a function only of the distance of closest approach.
Geometric Condition Measures and Smoothness Condition Measures for Closed Convex Sets and Linear Regularity of Infinitely Many Closed Convex Sets

In this paper, we study geometric condition measures and smoothness condition measures of closed convex sets, bounded linear regularity, and linear regularity. We show that, under certain conditions, the constant for the linear regularity of infinitely many closed convex sets can be characterized by the geometric condition measure of the intersection or by the smoothness condition measure of the intersection. We study also the bounded linear regularity and present some interesting properties of the general linear regularity problem.
A new kind of star is born: Audrey Hepburn and the global governmentalisation of female stardom

In 1988 Audrey Hepburn returned to the limelight as a United Nations (UN) Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Traversing the globe from Africa to Latin America to Eastern Europe to Asia and back to Africa, Hepburn re-entered public life in order to command attention to the plight of children, making much-hyped appearances on popular talk shows, testifying before congressional committees on behalf of the UN, launching UNICEF's annual State of World's Children Reports, and ultimately earning a Presidential Medal of Freedom and an Honorary Oscar for her international efforts. This essay traces how Hepburn realised a new modality of star power: as UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, Hepburn re-invented the cultural powers of stardom, pushing them into the field of global governmentality. Crucially, it was Hepburn's ‘authentic’, pedagogical femininity that facilitated this re-direction and re-articulation of star power: the article argues that Hepburn's stardom allowed her cultural pow...
SPECTRALLY ENCODED TWO-VARIABLE MAPS∗

ABSTRACT The U.S. Census Bureau began publishing spectrally encoded two-variable choropleth maps in the early 1970s. Four experiments with human subjects have been conducted with these controversial maps to examine their efficacy. It has been shown that 1) subjects cannot spontaneously order the colors into the legend arrangement used on these maps, but they can recognize order in that arrangement; 2) the task of judging correlation between the geographical patterns of individual variables is initially more difficult than the task of judging correlation on separate maps, although subjects who do better than guessing on this task perform at least as well as they do with separate maps; 3) subjects do show evidence of having gained information when they are asked to write what they learn from these maps; and 4) subjects find the maps interesting and appealing, particularly if explanatory verbal notes accompany them.
Organo-Tricyanoborates as Tectons: Illustrative Coordination Polymers Based on Copper(I) Derivatives

The first systematic study on the use of tricyanoborates as ligands is presented. The tricyanoborates [RB(CN)3]- (R = oct and Ph) can be prepared by direct cyanation of RBCl2 precursors as well as by thermolysis of the corresponding isocyanides [RB(NC)3]-. The first organo-cyanogallates [RGa(CN)3]- (R = Bu, C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) were prepared from the corresponding dichloride, the structure of Et4N[mesGa(CN)3] being confirmed crystallographically. The reaction of equimolar [RB(CN)3]- (R = oct, Ph) and [Cu(MeCN)4]+ afforded two-dimensional polymers [RB(CN)3Cu(NCMe)]. The sheets arise via conjoined hexagonal B3Cu3(CN)6 rings with chair conformations. The reaction of excess [PhB(CN)3]- and [Cu(MeCN)4]+ gives the polymer [K(18-crown-6)]{Cu[PhB(CN)3]2}. Treatment of [PhB(CN)3]- with [Cu(PCy3)2(NCMe)x]PF6 gave the one-dimensional polymer [PhB(CN)3Cu(PCy3)2], wherein two of the three BCN substituents are coordinated.
Pressure and temperature dependence of the self-broadened linewidths of the carbon dioxide laser bands.

The results of laboratory measurements of high-resolution infrared spectra of carbon dioxide in the region near 10 μm at several temperatures and pressures are described. Spectra of the CO2 laser bands centered at 961 and 1064 cm−1 were collected at a resolution of 0.005 cm−1 with the gas at temperatures between 50 and 150°C. The self-broadened rotation–vibration line shapes were modeled using a nonlinear least-squares regression technique. Careful attention was given to the problem of base line correction. The temperature exponent of the pressure-broadening coefficient was estimated for thirty lines. The linewidths obtained previously using indirect methods compare well to data obtained in the present investigation.
Heat‐moldable shoes for management of forefoot problems in rheumatoid arthritis

Heat-moldable shoes (Thermold) were created as an alternative to the regular extra-depth shoe (Extra Depth) to be used on patients whose painful forefoot conditions can not be easily ameliorated. We report our preliminary experience using this heat-moldable, extra-depth shoe for the treatment of painful forefeet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty-five patients with RA, who were classified as American Congress of Rheumatology (ACR) functional classes II and III, were selected to wear heatmoldable, extra-depth shoes on an experimental basis. All patients had been complaining of being unable to wear normal shoes or extra-depth shoes because of pain in the forefeet. Patients were interviewed after a period of wearing their shoes (average, 5 months) to determine their level of satisfaction. All patients reported that the heat-moldable shoes helped relieve the pain in their feet. Eighty percent of the patients reported they walked better. It appears that the heat-moldable shoe may offer an advantage over other extra-depth shoes in patients who have moderate to severe involvement of their forefeet with RA.
Quantitative DNA hybridization in solution using magnetic/luminescent core–shell nanoparticles

Abstract Nanoscale magnetic/luminescent core–shell particles were used for DNA quantification in a hybridization-in-solution approach. We demonstrated a rapid, simple, and non-polymerase chain reaction-based DNA hybridization-in-solution assay for quantifying bacteria capable of biodegrading methyl tertiary-butyl ether. Fe 3 O 4 /Eu:Gd 2 O 3 core–shell nanoparticles synthesized by spray pyrolysis were biofunctionalized with NeutrAvidin. Following immobilization of a biotinylated probe DNA on the particles’ surfaces via passive adsorption, target DNA labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate was hybridized with probe DNA. The hybridized DNA complex was separated from solution with a magnet, while nonhybridized DNA remained in solution. The normalized fluorescence (fluorescein isothiocyanate/nanoparticles) measured with a spectrofluorometer indicated a linear quantification ( R 2 = 0.98) of the target bacterial 16 S rDNA. The rate of hybridization increased concurrently with the target DNA concentration. In addition, this approach differentiated between the signal outputs from perfectly complementary target and two-base mismatched target DNA in a range of concentrations, showing the specificity of the assay and the possibility for environmental applications.
Specific cerebrovascular localization of GABA-related receptors and enzymes

Abstract A role for GABA in cerebral vascular function is supported by data indicating that specific GABA receptors and GABA-related enzymes are associated with cerebral blood vessels. 3 H-Muscimol, which labels GABA receptor sites in brain, was found to bind to a crude membrane fraction prepared from pial blood vessels. Specific 3 H-muscimol binding was saturable, of high affinity ( K D = 41 nM), and was selectively inhibited by known GABA agonists. The relative potencies for the agonists in competing for the GABA binding site correlated well with the effectiveness of these compounds in dilating pial arteries in vitro (see Edvinsson et al ., this volume). No specific 3 H-muscimol binding was detected in aorta and mesenteric arteries. An association of GABA with cerebral blood vessels is further indicated by the presence of the enzyme which synthesizes GABA, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in pial arteries and intraparenchymal microvessels. GABA transaminase (GABA-T), the degradative enzyme for GABA, also has been demonstrated histochemically in large concentrations around brain vessels, but not around other, e.g. kidney, vessels. It is suggested that the GABA system in cerebral blood vessels is involved in the control of cerebral vascular tone.
An interferon-like inhibitor of foot-and-mouth disease virus induced by phytohemagglutinin in swine leukocyte culturesb

An inhibitor of foot-and-mouth disease virus was produced in cultures of swine leukocytes following treatment with phytohemagglutinin. Marked reduction in virus titer and mean plaque size was found following overnight incubation of primary bovine or swine kidney monolayers with clarified swine leukocyte media pretreated with PHA prior to virus infection. The biological and physical properties of this inhibitor suggest it has many properties similar to those of an interferon.
The impact of administrative stringency on applications for the old age assistance program in new jersey

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of stricter eligibility enforcement on the flow of applications of the Old Age Assistance (OAA) Program in New Jersey. Most of the previous research in the welfare area has focused entirely on explaining measures of the stock demand for public assistance. Higher claim denial rates may affect the stock demand by deterring those potential recipients with less legitimate claims. However, there is also a strictly mechanical relationship such that a claim period t or in state i reduces, pari passu, the stock demand in period t or in state i below the level that would have prevailed in the absence of the denial. Thus, if the objective is to isolate a deterence effect, it seems more appropriate to examine the impact of previous recent denial rates on the flow of new applications for public assistance. A time series of monthly applications for OAA in New Jersey are related to lagged values of the denial rate of such applications, cyclical activity, seasonal facto...
Distribution and concentration of acid phosphatases in the nerve cord of the moth, Galleria mellonella, during metamorphosis

Abstract Localization and concentration of acid phosphatase in the nerve cord of metamorphosing Galleria mellonella were studied using sodium-α-naphtholphosphate (AS-BI) as substrate. Enzymatic activity is present in all stages of development in the cortex as well as in the neuropil and the connectives. Histochemical investigations indicated that much of the acid phosphatase activity is localized in the giant glial cells which adjoin the perilemma, and which branch extensively among the neuron perikarya. By 12 to 24 hr after pupal ecdysis this increased activity is striking. At 12 hr spectrophotometric tests of nerve cord extracts revealed a threefold increase in activity beyond that present in lightly spun-up larvae. Extracts containing 0·1% Triton X-100 release more acid phosphatase than do those made in 0·25% sucrose, but most of the enzyme is soluble, and only loosely bound to subcellular particles. Acid phosphatase activity can be inhibited by certain molarities of NaF or NaK-tartrate. However, with neither of these compounds does the inhibition increase proportionally with concentration. NaK-tartrate at 10 −3 M acts as an activator, while at 10 −1 M and 10 −4 M it is an inhibitor.
Serial biomarker measurements in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of change over time.

Background— Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been used to estimate prognosis in heart failure; however, most studies have evaluated decompensated patients with single measurements. To determine if there are advantages to serial measurements, we evaluated stable chronic heart failure patients every 3 months for 2 years. Methods and Results— A cohort of 190 New York Heart Association class III–IV heart failure patients was prospectively enrolled from June 2001 to January 2004. Primary end points were death, cardiac transplantation, or hospitalization. At study enrollment cTnT was 0.03 ng/mL in 53 (27.9%) patients. An increase in cTnT above normal ( 95th percentile for age and gender normal population) in 122 (64....
‘And so that was it’: Linking Adverbials in Student Academic Presentations

Linking adverbials not only perform connecting functions between units of discourse but also facilitate the logical flow of a presentation and significantly affect the ways meaning is organized and conveyed by speakers and interpreted by listeners. The study examined comparatively L1 (n = 16) and L2 (n = 16) student presenters’ uses of linking adverbials in an attempt to uncover their range of forms, semantic types, frequency, and positions in L1 and L2 presentations. The analysis revealed that the two groups shared a great deal of commonalities in their choices of linking adverbials in terms of semantic types, forms, frequency, and position of these linking devices. It also identified a few specific cases of over-uses of certain types and forms in the L2 data that ESL presenters should be explicitly made aware of in their English language instruction.
Pregnancy After Relief of Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction by Aspiration Decompression of an Ectopic Ureter

A 29-year-old white man was referred for evaluation of a 7-year history of infertility. Physical examination demonstrated normal testes and vasa. Serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were within normal limits. Semen analysis revealed fructose-negative azoospermia and an ejaculate volume of only 1 ml. A right seminal vesicle cyst and marked dilatation of the left seminal vesicle were observed on transrectal ultrasonography. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a normal left kidney and absence of a kidney in the right flank. On endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the seminal vesicle cyst proved to be a dilated ectopic ureter draining a small, probably dysplastic right kidney located anterior to the iliac vessels (fig. 1). The left ejaculatory duct was obstructed within the prostatic parenchyma by extrinsic compression by the dilated right ureter.
Synthetic visible imagery for multiattribute target identification

A visible band signature model is under development at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to support research activities ranging from performance studies of human observers to the definition and development of feature extraction algorithms. This model generates visible band imagery based on a solar illumination model coupled with computer graphics rendering algorithms. The solar illunination model employs a modified version of a radiative transfer algorithm originally developed for the Air Force. Selection of an appropriate reflection model followed an evaluation of several techniques. The selection criteria and results of the survey are presented.
Foreknowledge, freedom, and obligation

: A vital presupposition of an influential argument for the incompatibility of divine foreknowledge and libertarian free action is that free action requires alternative possibilities. A recent, noteworthy challenge to this presupposition invokes a “Divine Frankfurt-type example”: God's foreknowledge of one's future actions prevents one from doing otherwise without having any responsibility-undermining effect on one's actions. First, I explain why features of God's omniscience cast doubt on this Frankfurtian response. Second, even if this appraisal is mistaken, I argue that divine foreknowledge is irreconcilable with moral obligation if such foreknowledge eliminates alternatives.
From here and now to there and then: the development of displaced reference in homesign and English.

An essential function of human language is the ability to refer to information that is spatially and temporally displaced from the location of the speaker and the listener, that is, displaced reference. This article describes the development of this function in 4 deaf children who were not exposed to a usable conventional language model and communicated via idiosyncratic gesture systems, called homesign, and in 18 hearing children who were acquiring English as a native language. Although the deaf children referred to the nonpresent much less frequently and at later ages than the hearing children, both groups followed a similar developmental path, adding increasingly abstract categories of displaced reference to their repertoires in the same sequence. Caregivers in both groups infrequently initiated displaced reference, except with respect to communication about past events. Despite the absence of a shared linguistic code, the deaf children succeeded in evoking the nonpresent by generating novel gestures, by modifying the context of conventional gestures, and by pragmatic means. The findings indicate that a conventional language model is not essential for children to be able to extend their commxmication beyond the here and now.