cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broader Functions and Improved Reliability of Printed Circuit Boards Using Dry Film Solder Mask Systems

This paper deals with the design of PCBs, using the dielectric properties of solder mask as an insulation layer to protect boards and components; the elimination of selective solder filling of component holes; the protection of via holes during soldering, and the preparation of artwork, with particular attention to design tolerances using dry film solder mask. Future prospects in PCB design, employing dry film solder mask, are also discussed.
Epithelial glycoprotein is a member of a family of epithelial cell surface antigens homologous to nidogen, a matrix adhesion protein.

Abstract The cell surface antigen, epithelial glycoprotein, defined by the monoclonal antibody HEA 125, is expressed on virtually all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. The cDNA encoding epithelial glycoprotein was isolated by HEA 125 antibody enrichment of colon tumor cDNA expressed transiently in COS cells. The sequence of the epithelial glycoprotein antigen is identical to the cell membrane protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody KS 1/4 and is homologous to the tumor-associated antigen GA733. These proteins share sequence homology to nidogen, an extracellular matrix component that appears to participate in cell-matrix adhesion. These proteins also share a homologous domain found in the B1 chain of laminin, a matrix adhesion protein, and placental protein 12, an insulin-like growth factor I binding protein secreted during pregnancy that has been implicated in regulation of fetal growth. This common domain is also repeated multiple times within the thyroglobulin precursor. These findings suggest epithelial glycoprotein is a cell surface molecule involved in cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction.
Some Statistical Properties of a Family of Continuous Univariate Distributions

Abstract A new two-parameter family of continuous univariate distributions on the interval (– 1, 1) is introduced, and some properties are given. It is shown that parameters θ and v are globally orthogonal in the Fisher information sense and that, to some extent, they have the properties of a location parameter and a precision parameter, respectively. A pivotal statistic is constructed whose distribution is independent of the location parameter. Finally, the connection with ultraspherical functions and Brownian motion is described.
Work in progress - use of a system for evaluation of learning and formative feedback in fluid mechanics

In Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin, we have been experimenting with approaches to directly assess student performance as a means of providing evidence for improving learning. Based on our experiences using concept inventories to assess student understanding in the thermal science area, we developed a new formative assessment tool that provides feedback to the students and the instructor. Directed feedback is provided to the students to allow them to correct their misunderstandings prior to summative assessment. Additionally, the tools contain redundancy in the topics which allows more precise measurement of understanding. We plan to incorporate these assessment tools into a course management system.
SU-E-J-186: Acquiring and Assessing Upright CBCT Images for Future Treatment Planning

Purpose: To acquire upright CBCT images using the onboard imager of a Varian TrueBeam. An easy to implement upright imaging protocol could allow for widespread upright radiation therapy which would greatly benefit certain patients. These include thoracic cancer patients (because lung volume increases in a seated position) and patients who experience substantial discomfort during supine treatment. Methods: To acquire upright CBCT images, the gantry head remained stationary at 0 degrees with the KV imager arms extended to their lateral positions. Phantoms were placed upright at the end of the treatment couch. During a scan, the couch rotated from 270 to 90 degrees while continuous fluoroscopic projections were taken by the onboard imager. To extend the field-of-view, this sequence was performed twice: once with the KV detector longitudinally offset +14.5cm and once with it longitudinally offset −14.5cm. The resulting two image sets were stitched together before reconstruction. The imaging beam parameters were chosen to deliver a dose similar to that given during a simulation CT. Image quality was evaluated for spatial linearity, high and low contrast resolution, and HU linearity using CatPhan and anthropomorphic phantoms. A deformable registration technique was used to evaluate HU mapping from a simulation CT. Results: Spatial linearity and high contrast resolution were maintained in upright CBCT when compared to simulation CT. However, low contrast resolution and HU linearity degraded. Streak artifacts were caused by the limited 180 degree arc of the couch, and the stitching process created a sharp artifact at the center of the reconstruction. The deformable registration was robust in the HU mapping even with these artifacts and the loss of HU linearity. Conclusions: The image quality obtained from upright CBCT was sufficient for treatment planning. The success of this novel technique is an important step towards a future clinical protocol. This project was funded in part by Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
Coronal Mass Ejection Reconstruction from Three Viewpoints via Simulation Morphing. I. Theory and Examples

The problem of reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) density distribution of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from three simultaneous coronagraph observations is timely in that the COR1 and COR2 coronagraphs on the dual-spacecraft STEREO mission complement the LASCO coronagraphs on the SOHO satellite and the Mk4 on Mauna Loa. While the separation angle between the STEREO spacecraft and the Earth depends on the time since the launch in 2006, the reconstruction problem is always severely underinformed. So far, all 3D reconstruction efforts have made use of relatively simple parameterized models in order to determine the 3D structure of the CME. Such approaches do not utilize the power of 3D MHD simulation to inform the reconstruction. This paper considers the situation in which a specific CME event observed in coronagraphs from three viewpoints is later simulated by solving MHD equations. The reconstruction is then subjected to an invertible morphological operator chosen so that morphed MHD simulation is most consistent with the three-viewpoint coronagraph data. The morphological operations are explained mathematically and synthetic examples are given. The practical application to reconstructing CMEs from STEREO and SOHO data is discussed.
Quantification of the concentration of ionic impurities in polymeric sensing membranes with the segmented sandwich technique.

Ionic impurities in solvent polymeric membranes have been the main reason early ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) without added ion exchanger exhibited a functional potentiometric response. Today, knowledge of such impurities and their elimination becomes important in view of designing ISEs with low detection limits and voltammetric ion-selective electrodes, to increase operational lifetime, and to optimize sensing selectivity. Here, a potentiometric segmented sandwich membrane technique is used to study the amount and properties of impurities in situ directly in the membrane phase. This technique can be used with a number of ionophores and with different membrane matrixes and does not require specialized equipment. The concentration of anionic impurities in PVC−DOS (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate) and PVC−NPOE (o-nitrophenyloctyl ether) was found to be on the order of 100 μmol/kg with membranes containing weakly binding potassium ionophores. The concentration of cation-exchanger sites of carboxylated PVC−NPOE ...
Observation of the phase of the effective interaction for inelastic scattering of complex particles

Abstract It is pointed out that the relative importance of the imaginary part of the effective interaction for inelastic scattering of light complex projectiles can be determined by observing the interference between the nuclear and Coulomb parts of the interaction. The 208Pb(h, h′) reaction at 47.5 MeV is used as an example.
Devaluation of Biological Knowledge

A plea is made not to devalue the biological sciences at a time when a majority of nurses are drawing heavily from biological knowledge to provide increasingly complex care to increasingly sicker clients. Benefits of reemphasizing the biological sciences in nursing are that this knowledge would (a) advance nursing science and research by providing theories that are verifiable, (b) provide concepts separate from phenomena of interest to social and behavioral scientists, and (c) provide essential knowledge on which to base practice, thus helping to bridge the research/practice gap.
Transport coefficients in glassy colloidal fluids

Our microscopic theory of entropic barrier formation and activated hopping for hard-sphere colloidal suspensions [K. S. Schweizer and E. J. Saltzman, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 1181 (2003), preceding paper] is combined with general statistical mechanical relations and a binary-collision-type model for the low-viscosity regime [E. G. D. Cohen, R. Verberg, and I. M. deSchepper, Physica A 251, 251 (1998)] to construct a theory for transport properties applicable for all particle concentrations. Quantitative, no adjustable parameter comparisons with experimental measurements of the self-diffusion constant and shear viscosity over a wide range of volume fractions show that the theory is quite accurate. The ability of model functions which contain dynamic singularities to describe our theoretical results is also established. Critical power laws and free-volume models can fit the theoretical calculations quite well over three to six orders of magnitude variation in the high-concentration regime, but all deviate qualitatively at sufficiently low and high volume fractions.
Efficient algorithm for the partitioning of trees

This paper describes an algorithm for partitioning a graph that is in the form of a tree. The algorithm has a growth in computation time and storage requirements that is directly proportional to the number of nodes in the tree. Several applications of the algorithm are briefly described. In particular it is shown that the tree partitioning problem frequently arises in the allocation of computer information to blocks of storage. Also, a heuristic method of partitioning a general graph based on this algorithm is suggested.
A PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-PURE PRECURSORS FROM COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VALUE-ADDED CARBON PRODUCTS - PREPARATION OF AN EXTRACT

ABSTRACT Solvent extraction is a potential technique for the production of coal-derived extracts which may be suitable as precursors for value-added carbon products. At present. the development of new and non-conventional markets for coal has resulted in the exploration of new applications such as slurry fuels, coal-based graphites, carbon-carbon composites and carbon anodes. However, for carbon products to perform acceptably in such applications, the ash content of the precursor must be less than 0.1%. Although, work to produce a low-ash (ca. 0.2%), low-sulfur coal-derivcd material had begun about a decade ago through solvent extraction using the solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), it was practically impossible to produce a coal-dcrivcd extract containing less than 0.2% ash. This is due to the presence of ultra-fine mineral matter particles and solvent soluble inorganic species. The principal objective of the present work was to investigate techniques for the separation of the coal-derived extract from...
Suppression of free carrier absorption in multi-slot silicon light emission devices

Free carrier absorption is the major obstacle towards achieving optical gain in Er-doped nc-Si. We experimentally demonstrated the suppression of free carrier absorption by multi-slot waveguide. The experimental results agree well with our theoretical calculations.
Differences in the Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure by Ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background The relationship between incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and ethnicity as well as racial/ethnic differences in the mechanisms leading to CHF have not been demonstrated in a multiracial, population-based study. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between race/ethnicity and incident CHF. Methods The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a cohort study of 6814 participants of 4 ethnicities: white (38.5%), African American (27.8%), Hispanic (21.9%), and Chinese American (11.8%). Participants with a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline were excluded. Cox proportional hazards models were used for data analysis. Results During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 79 participants developed CHF (incidence rate: 3.1 per 1000 person-years). African Americans had the highest incidence rate of CHF, followed by Hispanic, white, and Chinese American participants (incidence rates: 4.6, 3.5, 2.4, and 1.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively). Although risk of developing CHF was higher among African American compared with white participants (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.1), adding hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus to models including ethnicity eliminated statistical ethnic differences in incident CHF. Moreover, African Americans had the highest proportion of incident CHF not preceded by clinical myocardial infarction (75%) compared with other ethnic groups ( P = .06). Conclusions The higher risk of incident CHF among African Americans was related to differences in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus as well as socioeconomic status. The mechanisms of CHF also differed by ethnicity; interim myocardial infarction had the least influence among African Americans, and left ventricular mass increase had the greatest effect among Hispanic and white participants.
The influence of sexual orientation and masculinity on young men's tobacco smoking.

Objective: The prevalence of smoking among gay men is considerably higher than in the general population. To investigate possible causes of this health risk disparity, this study used multilevel modeling of daily diary data to examine the temporal relationship between smoking and both sexual orientation concealment and masculine gender role variables. Method: Gay (n 136) and heterosexual (n 56) university students (mean age 20.56, SD 2.13) completed measures of boyhood and current gender nonconformity, as well as daily measures of smoking, negative affect, and masculinity selfconsciousness across 9 days. Gay participants additionally indicated the extent to which they concealed their sexual orientation each day. Results: The same percentage of gay (17.7%; n 24) and heterosexual (17.9% n 10) participants smoked over the course of the study. Gay men who smoked, however, smoked on more days across the study, t 2.20, p .05. Boyhood gender nonconformity and current masculinity significantly predicted the average odds of smoking for all participants. Daily masculinity self-consciousness also predicted the odds of smoking for all participants, although it predicted those odds more strongly for heterosexual men (b 1.00, p .001) than for gay men (b .31, p .06). Gay participants’ attempts to conceal their sexual orientation on a given day positively predicted their likelihood of smoking that day. Conclusions: Results suggest the need to consider the role of gender nonconformity, masculinity self-consciousness, and sexual orientation stress in future investigations of smoking among young men.
High order residual distribution conservative finite difference WENO schemes for steady state problems on non-smooth meshes

In this paper, we propose a high order residual distribution conservative finite difference scheme for solving steady state hyperbolic conservation laws on non-smooth Cartesian or other structured curvilinear meshes. WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) integration is used to compute the numerical fluxes based on the point values of the solution, and the principles of residual distribution schemes are adapted to obtain steady state solutions. In two space dimension, the computational cost of our scheme is comparable to that of a high order WENO finite difference scheme and is therefore much lower than that of a high order WENO finite volume scheme, yet the new scheme does not have the restriction on mesh smoothness of the traditional high order conservative finite difference schemes. A Lax-Wendroff type theorem is proved for convergence towards weak solutions in one and two dimensions, and extensive numerical experiments are performed for one- and two-dimensional scalar problems and systems to demonstrate the quality of the new scheme, including high order accuracy on non-smooth meshes, conservation, and non-oscillatory properties for solutions with shocks and other discontinuities.
Hemorrhagic Hepatic Cyst: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature with Emphasis on Clinical Approach and Management

Objective Hemorrhage within a hepatic cyst (hemorrhagic hepatic cyst, HHC) is a complication of liver cysts that is difficult to differentiate from other neoplastic entities on imaging. Even when accurately diagnosed, there has been a lack of consensus on the optimal treatment strategy. After presenting our experience with a patient treated via laparoscopy, we aimed to conduct a review of the literature on HHCs.
Resonance raman spectroscopy of chemically modified and isotopically labelled purple membranes. II. Kinetic studies

Kinetic resonance Raman spectra of native and isotopically labelled purple membranes are compared. Using these data and the assignments of the previous paper in this sequence, we have confirmed that the Schiff base is deprotonated at times that are short in comparison to M412 evolution. In addition, by monitoring the kinetic resonance Raman spectra in 2H2O with 488.0 nm excitation we have been able to characterize in more detail the vibrational features associated with this unprotonated intermediate that precedes M412. Furthermore, the kinetic spectra of fully deuterated purple membranes in H2O have allowed us to assign the 1465 cm−1 band in these spectra to the C=C stretching frequency of BR570 and the 1512 cm−1 band to the C=C stretching frequency of M412. These spectra have also provided an indication of a Raman spectral feature associated with O640 and, finally, our kinetic spectra have provided evidence that there is a significant alteration in the rate constants for the evolution of the various intermediates when the non-exchangeable protons on the membrane are replaced by deuterons.
A Research Module for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory: Multistep Synthesis of a Fluorous Dye Molecule

A multi-session research-like module has been developed for use in the undergraduate organic teaching laboratory curriculum. Students are tasked with planning and executing the synthesis of a novel fluorous dye molecule and using it to explore a fluorous affinity chromatography separation technique, which is the first implementation of this technique in a teaching laboratory. Key elements of the project include gradually introducing students to the use of the chemical literature to facilitate their searching, as well as deliberate constraints designed to force them to think critically about reaction design and optimization in organic chemistry. The project also introduces students to some advanced laboratory practices such as Schlenk techniques, degassing of reaction mixtures, affinity chromatography, and microwave-assisted chemistry. This provides students a teaching laboratory experience that closely mirrors authentic synthetic organic chemistry practice in laboratories throughout the world.
FinCANON: A PVT-Aware Integrated Delay and Power Modeling Framework for FinFET-Based Caches and On-Chip Networks

Recently, FinFETs have emerged as promising substitutes for conventional CMOS because of their superior control of short-channel effects and processing scalability. Nevertheless, lithographic constraints, difficulties in workfunction engineering, supply voltage variations, and temperature nonuniformity across the FinFET integrated circuit may lead to process, supply voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, which are manifested as large spreads in delay and leakage. In this paper, we present FinCANON, an integrated framework for the simulation of power, delay, as well as PVT variations of FinFET-based caches and on-chip networks. FinCANON consists of CACTI-PVT and ORION-PVT that model caches and on-chip networks, respectively. We have developed a FinFET design library to model the circuit-level characteristics as well as their variation trends with respect to various PVT parameters for FinFET logic gates and memory cells, using accurate device simulation. With a statistical static timing analysis technique and macromodel-based methodology, we have also derived PVT variation models for delay and leakage, considering spatial correlations, to characterize the impact of PVT variations on FinFET-based caches and networks-on-chip (NoCs). In addition, we incorporate voltage generators in the FinFET design library to model back-gate biasing of FinFETs. The cache and NoC models are significantly enhanced to be more modular and scalable. We present results for various FinFET design styles and show that mixing different styles may be a promising strategy for optimizing delay and leakage of caches and NoCs.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection masquerading as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after autologous stem cell transplant

We report a fatal case of pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after autologous stem cell transplant.
New Beginnings for Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Identification of High-Affinity Zinc-Binding Groups

In an effort to identify promising non-hydroxamate inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), several new zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) based on pyrone, pyrothione, hydroxypyridinone, and hydroxypyridinethione chelators have been examined. Structural studies with tris(pyrazolyl)borate model complexes show that these ligands bind to the MMP active site zinc(II) ion in a bidentate fashion, similar to that found with hydroxamate-based inhibitors. Fluorescence- and colorimetric-based enzyme assays have been used to determine the IC50 values for these ZBGs against MMP-3; mixed O,S-donor ligands were found to be remarkably potent, with IC50 values as much as 700-fold lower than that found for acetohydroxamic acid. Inhibitory activity was found to parallel metal binding affinity as determined in titrations with model complexes. These results demonstrate that MPIs based on new ZBGs are feasible and may indeed improve the overall performance of inhibitors designed against these important medicinal targets.
An attempt to measure the spread of emergency medicine internationally.

Objective To determine the feasibility of using the internet to track the spread of emergency medicine internationally.
Olfactory capabilities of the “gustatory” chemoreceptors of the tobacco hornworm larvae

Gustatory chemoreceptors on the maxillae ofManduca sexta responded to natural stimuli from distances of up to 600 μm (average is 100 μm). In the lateral sensilla styloconica, at least three of the four known chemoreceptive cells responded, indicating that different compounds could be involved in the stimulus. The medial sensilla did not show a comparable olfactory capability. Thus, chemoreceptors classed as contact receptors on a morphological basis (thick walls, single apical pore) were responsive to vapors of normal food substances. Adaptation of the receptor was observed prior to contact with the stimulus. This has important implications for experiments on gustatory receptors.
A Microstrip Based Active Antenna Doppler Transceiver Module

We present the design and test of a microstrip active transceiver element suitable for use as a CW Doppler module. The circuit consists of a microstrip annulus from which a small section has been removed, resulting in a two-port antenna. This antenna is then coupled to the drains of two FETs through a short section of microstrip line. By adjusting the length of this section of line, the oscillation condition is satisfied, the two FETs oscillate in the odd mode, and a microwave signal is radiated from the circuit. The Doppler-shifted return signal which is picked up by the antenna is applied back to the drain ports of the FETs, which also function as self-oscillating mixers. The IF signal is coupled out using audio transformers. By measuring the in-phase and out-of-phase IF signals, we can determine the co-polarized and cross-polarized components of the reflected signal.
The token economy program in the psychiatric hospital: a review and analysis.

Abstract Reports of token economy programs with hospitalized psychiatric patients are reviewed with emphasis on three general aspects of function :(1) effectiveness. (2) factors influencing effectiveness, and (3) experimental methodology. Token economies are effective in modifying a wide variety and range of patient behavior, but it is still unclear which variable or combination of variables operating in the program are primarily responsible for the changes effected. The methodological aspects of program evaluation were found to be less than adequate in most cases because of failure to control probable operational variables. A systems analysis of the token economy program was offered in which influential aspects of the program including feedback effects were recognized and accounted for in conceptualizing function and evaluation.
Escalated damselfly territorial contests are energetic wars of attrition

Thirteen pairs of neighbouring Calopteryx maculata (Odonata: Calopterygidae) males were manipulated such that members of each pair became residents in the same territory, thereby removing the normal resident-intruder asymmetry and permitting direct analysis of the physical and energetic factors affecting the outcomes of the prolonged, escalated contests that resulted. Energy reserves (fat remaining at the end of contests) were more often correlated with winning these contests than size or physical attributes related to flight ability. This pattern was also true for 11 natural contests in which persistent intruders displaced resisdents. Fat content varied with age, being lowest in immature (teneral) and older males, and highest in young males first appearing at the water. Our results indicate that escalated territorial contests in C. maculata favour males with the greatest energy reserves. High fat content in some males, especially young ones, may allow them to overcome the normal resident-intruder asymmetry and displace established territory resident. Since males rarely feed while at their territories and since territories are important for obtaining and protecting mates, energy reserves may be crucial to reproductive success and escalated fights may be especially costly.
An optimistic commit protocol for distributed transaction management

A major disadvantage of the two-phase commit (2PC) protocol is the potential unbounded delay that transactions may have to endure if certain failures occur. By combining a novel use of compensating transactions along with an optimistic assumption, we propose a revised 2PC protocol that overcomes these difficulties. In the revised protocol, locks are released when a site votes to commit a transaction, thereby solving the indefinite blocking problem of 2PC. Semantic, rather than standard, atomicity is guaranteed as the effects of a transaction that is finally aborted are undone semantically by a compensating transaction. Relaxing standard atomicity interacts in a subtle way with correctness and concurrency control issues. Accordingly, a correctness criterion is proposed that is most appropriate when atomicity is given up for semantic atomicity. The correctness criterion reduces to serializability when no global transactions are aborted, and excludes unacceptable executions when global transactions do fail. We devise a family of practical protocols that ensure this correctness notion. These protocols restrict only global transactions, and do not incur extra messages other than the standard 2PC messages. The results are of particular importance for multidatabase systems.
Inversion problem including a long-ranged Coulomb potential

In this note we extend the WKB inverse problem which involved a short-ranged potential to include a combined long and short-ranged potential.
Dissolution kinetics of gold in iodide solutions

Abstract Of the halogens, the gold iodide complexes are the most stable in aqueous solutions. A series of experiments were performed to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of the leaching reaction between gold and iodide. Using a rotating disk technique, the effects of rotation speed, iodide and iodine concentration, temperature, pH and the presence of different electrolytes were measured. Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide were also examined as oxidants in the iodide system. A first order reaction rate was found with respect to I3− and half order reaction rate with respect to I−. A comparison of gold leaching between iodide and cyanide is also presented, in which a rate of about 2.6 × 10−9 mol/cm2 sec for 10−2M Nal and 5 × 10−3M I2 was obtained. This value is close to that for typical cyanidation.
Approaching MIMO channel capacity with reduced-complexity soft sphere decoding

Hard sphere-decoding (SD) has well appreciated merits for near-optimal demodulation of multiuser, block single-antenna, or, multiantenna transmissions over multiinput multioutput (MIMO) channels. At increased complexity, a soft version of SD, so termed list SD (LSD), has been recently applied to coded layered space-time (LST) systems enabling them to approach MIMO channel capacity. By introducing a novel bit-level multistream LST transmitter along with a soft-to-hard decoder conversion, we show how to achieve the near-capacity performance of LSD at reduced complexity, and even outperform it as the size of the block to be decoded (M) increases. Specifically, for binary real LST codes we develop exact max-log based SD schemes with average complexity O(M/sup 4/), and various approximate alternatives trading-off performance for average complexity down to O(M/sup 3/). These schemes apply directly to the real and imaginary parts of QPSK signalling, and also to QAM signalling after incorporating an appropriate interference estimation and cancellation module. We corroborate our reduced-complexity near-optimal soft SD algorithms with simulations.
Process-aware knowledge retrieval

Even with modern information retrieval systems and advanced digital libraries, many people cannot find the information they need when they need it. There are many reasons why information access is difficult: users cannot track all the available information sources, few computer users are skilled in composing queries and "everyday" applications (e.g., word processors and spreadsheets) are not integrated with information access tools. Process-aware retrieval, however, offers a framework that shifts the burden of information access from the user to the computer. By explicitly representing processes, and information about processes, process-aware retrieval enables the computer to make highly targeted suggestions regarding knowledge and information sources, while aiding in the completion of process steps. This papers reviews current strategies for information access, evaluating strengths and weaknesses, and then defines a process-aware framework that builds on the strengths to address the weaknesses.
OPTIMAL CAPACITY INVESTMENT AND PRICING ACROSS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS UNDER EXCHANGE RATE UNCERTAINTY AND DUOPOLY COMPETITION

We analyze an operational policy for a multinational manufacturer to hedge against exchange rate uncertainties and competition. We consider a single product and single period. Because of long-lead times, the capacity investment must done before the selling season begins when the exchange rate between the two countries is uncertain. we consider a duopoly competition in the foreign country. We model the exchange rate as a random variable. We investigate the impact of competition and exchange rate on optimal capacities and optimal prices. We show how competition can impact the decision of the home manufacturer to enter the foreign market.
Large-scale mapping of the Galaxy by IRAS

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), launched 1983 January 25, has been conducting a high-sensitivity, high-resolution all-sky photometric survey at wavelengths of 12, 25, 60, and 100 μm in the infrared. One of the data products from the survey will be a map of the entire Milky Way within latitude limits of 10 degrees at a resolution of 4 arc- minutes. Since the IRAS detector system is DC-coupled and has demonstrated excellent stability, this map will contain reliable information on all spatial scales larger than the map resolution. The extremely high sensitivity of the IRAS instrument for the detection of interstellar material in the survey mode is illustrated here in terms of visual extinction and dust and gas column densities.
Habermas, pragmatismo e direito

Jurgen Habermas tells us that he has been influenced by pragmatism in three areas of his intellectual development: epistemology, social theory, and political theory. In this essay I would like to include a further area of Habermas' intellectual development where one could likewise suppose the influence of pragmatism: the philosophy of Law. The presentation will be divided in two sections. First, I will focus specifically on Charles S. Peirce's epistemological contributions, as it is in this author that Habermas has searched for the basis of his theory of communicative rationality. Second, I will say something about Peirce's influences on Habermas' discursive-theoretical theory of Law, and present Karl-Otto Apel's proposal as a heuristic counterpoint. The theme here explored is the possibility of framing Habermas philosophy of Law in the pragmatist tradition that descends from Peirce. Certainly, the defense of a realist philosophical perspective in terms of normative validity places their theoretical framework in continuity, while at the same time, in conflict with recent pragmatist proposals in epistemology and the Law.
Randomized, controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to prevent immunological failure in HIV-infected adults

Background. Adequate zinc is critical for immune function; however, zinc deficiency occurs in 150% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected adults. We examined the safety and efficacy of long-term zinc supplementation in relation to HIV disease progression. Methods. A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 231 HIV-infected adults with low plasma zinc levels (!0.75 mg/L), who were randomly assigned to receive zinc (12 mg of elemental zinc for women and 15 mg for men) or placebo for 18 months. The primary end point was immunological failure. HIV viral load and CD4 + cell count were determined every 6 months. Questionnaires, pill counts, and plasma zinc and C-reactive protein levels were used to monitor adherence to study supplements and antiretroviral therapy. Intent-to-treat analysis used multiple-event analysis, treating CD4 + cell count !200 cells/mm 3 as a recurrent immunological failure event. Cox proportional hazard models and the general-linear model were used to analyze morbidity and mortality data. Results. Zinc supplementation for 18 months reduced 4-fold the likelihood of immunological failure, controlling for age, sex, food insecurity, baseline CD4 + cell count, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (relative rate, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10‐0.56; ). Viral load indicated poor control with antiretroviral therapy P ! .002 but was not affected by zinc supplementation. Zinc supplementation also reduced the rate of diarrhea by more than half (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.183‐0.981; ), compared with placebo. There was P p .019 no significant difference in mortality between the 2 groups. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that long-term (18-month) zinc supplementation at nutritional levels delayed immunological failure and decreased diarrhea over time. This evidence supports the use of zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy for HIV-infected adult cohorts with poor viral control. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00149552.
Centriole maturation requires regulated Plk1 activity during two consecutive cell cycles

Newly formed centrioles in cycling cells undergo a maturation process that is almost two cell cycles long before they become competent to function as microtubule-organizing centers and basal bodies. As a result, each cell contains three generations of centrioles, only one of which is able to form cilia. It is not known how this long and complex process is regulated. We show that controlled Plk1 activity is required for gradual biochemical and structural maturation of the centrioles and timely appendage assembly. Inhibition of Plk1 impeded accumulation of appendage proteins and appendage formation. Unscheduled Plk1 activity, either in cycling or interphase-arrested cells, accelerated centriole maturation and appendage and cilia formation on the nascent centrioles, erasing the age difference between centrioles in one cell. These findings provide a new understanding of how the centriole cycle is regulated and how proper cilia and centrosome numbers are maintained in the cells.
Mechanistic study of membrane concentration and recovery of Listeria monocytogenes

Detection of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires that food samples be processed to remove proteins and lipids, concentrate microorganisms to a detectable concentration, and recover the concentrated cells in a small volume compatible with micron-scale biochips. Mechanistic considerations addressed in this research include the roles of membrane structure, pore size, and detergents in maximizing recovery of cells from a complex biological fluid. The fluid in this case was a food sample (hotdog extract) inoculated with L. monocytogenes. This study showed how membrane filtration using a syringe filter is able to concentrate L. monocytogenes by 95x with up to 95% recovery of living microorganisms by concentrating 50 mL of food sample into a volume of 500 microL. Tween 20 was added to the sample to prevent irreversible adsorption of the microorganism to the membrane and thereby help to ensure high recovery. Comparison of polycarbonate, mixed cellulose, nylon, and PVDF membranes with 0.2 to 0.45 microm pores showed the 0.2 microm polycarbonate membrane with straight through, mono-radial pores gives the highest recovery of living microorganisms. The mixed cellulose, nylon, and PVDF membranes have a fibrous structure whose characteristic openings are much larger than their effective pore size cut-offs of 0.22 or 0.45 microm. We define conditions for rapid membrane-based cell concentration and recovery that has the potential to supplant enrichment steps that require a day or more. This approach has the added benefit of facilitating examination of a large amount of fluid volume by reducing its volume to a range that is compatible with the microliter scales of biochip or other biosensor detection systems.
Use of Distributional Weights in Cost-Benefit Analysis: a Survey of Schools:

It is now almost accepted practice that distributional weights be incorporated into cost-benefit criteria. While there are still major dissenters on this issue, notably Harberger, the relevant ques...
Localized Content Based Image Retrieval with Self-Taught Multiple Instance Learning

There are many scenarios in which multi-instance learning problems may be difficult to solve because of a lack of correctly labeled examples for algorithm training. Labeled examples may be difficult or expensive to obtain because human effort is often needed to produce labels and because there may be limitations on the ability to collect large samples for training from a homogeneous population. In this paper, we present a technique called self-taught multiple-instance learning (STMIL) that deals with learning from a limited number of ambiguously labeled examples. STMIL uses a sparse representation for examples belonging to different classes in terms of a shared dictionary derived from the unlabeled data. This sparse representation can be optimized under the multiple instance setting to both construct high-level features and unite the data distribution. We present an optimization procedure for STMIL along with experiments on localized content-based image retrieval. Our experimental results suggest that, though it learns from a small number of labeled examples, STMIL is superior to standard algorithms in terms of computational efficiency and is at least competitive in terms of accuracy.
Coherent States Without Groups:. Quantization on Nonhomogeneous Manifolds

A wide class of single-variable holomorphic representation spaces are constructed that are associated with very general sets of coherent states defined without the use of transitively acting groups. These representations and states are used to define coherent-state path integrals involving phase-space manifolds having one Killing vector but a quite general curvature otherwise.
What is democracy? Promises and perils of the Arab Spring

The Arab Spring is still unfolding, as is the direction of change, and outcomes may be different for violent and nonviolent uprisings. This article focuses on three early cases of the Arab Spring – Tunisia, Egypt, and Morocco – to discuss causes and likely outcomes, gender dynamics, prospects for genuine democratization, and the connection between feminist movements and democratization. A comparative and international perspective highlights similarities and differences across the Arab cases and between the Arab Spring and other ‘democracy waves’.
A multiparametric biosensor array for on-chip cell culture with feedback controlled microfluidics

We present work towards expanding the capabilities of microfluidic cell culture devices through the incorporation of microelectronic sensing systems. A system has been fabricated that includes four sensing regions each consisting of a pH sensor, capacitance sensor, and photodiode. We have demonstrated the incorporation of feedback control systems using computer controlled microfluidics for a pH sensor. Preliminary data for photodiode characterization, pH detection using ISFETs, and capacitance sensing of cell density is presented. Results from this work will be used towards creating a single system that can function as a cell culture platform with programmable control over all of these variables.
Tradition and Innovation at Catholic Universities: Ideas From the Bernard Lonergan

This article discusses applications of Lonergan’s thinking on tradition and innovation to the world of Catholic education. Even now, at the beginning of the 21st century and 20 years after his death, it is worthwhile to explore his understanding of tradition and innovation, with attention to how it related to the Catholic intellectual culture of his own time, and more importantly, how it might contribute to an understanding of the identity of Catholic educational institutions in today’s period of great transition. In recent years, faculty members and administrators at Catholic universities have been engaged in many discussions about the Catholic intellectual tradition and Catholic higher education. Most of the attention in these conversations has gone to the issue of what it means to be Catholic. The next step is to explore what it means to have a tradition. Thus, this essay examines the usefulness of one leading 20th century Catholic intellectual’s approach to tradition as it relates to Catholic education in general and to Catholic universities in particular.
Galectin-1 in secondary alveolar septae of neonatal mouse lung.

In mice, alveolarization occurs during postnatal days 4 through 12, when secondary alveolar septae create thin-walled alveoli in the distal lung. We hypothesized that genes predominantly expressed ...
Congenic mapping of a blood pressure QTL region on rat chromosome 10 using the Dahl salt-sensitive rat with introgressed alleles from the Milan normotensive strain

Multiple blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are reported on rat chromosome 10 (RNO10). Of these, QTLs detected by contrasting the genome of the hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat with two different relatively normotensive strains, Lewis (LEW) and the Milan normotensive strain (MNS), are reported. Because the deduced QTL regions of both S vs. LEW and S vs. MNS comparisons are within large genomic segments encompassing more than 2 cM, there was a need to further localize these QTLs and determine whether the QTLs are unique to specific strain comparisons. Previously, the S.MNS QTL1 was mapped to less than 2.6 cM as a differential segment between two congenic strains. In this study, multiple congenic strains spanning the projected interval were studied. The BP effect of each strain was interpreted as the net effect of alleles introgressed within that congenic strain. The results suggest that the MNS alleles within the previously proposed differential segment (D10Rat27-D10Rat24) do not independently lower BP of the S rat. However, another congenic strain, S.MNS(10) × 9, containing introgressed MNS alleles that are outside of the previously proposed differential segment is of interest because (1) it demonstrated a BP-lowering effect, (2) it is contained within a single congenic strain and is not based on the observed effect of a differential segment, and, more importantly, (3) it overlaps with the previously identified S.LEW BP QTL region. Identification of the same QTL affecting BP in multiple rat strains will provide further support for the QTL’s involvement and importance in human essential hypertension.
The Management of Ocular Herpesvirus Infections

The many treatment methods in current use for every known complaint only seem to aggravate the difficulty of treating ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, which are generally self-limited in the immunocompetent host. The cornea is already a somewhat immune-deficient tissue since its lack of blood vessels separates it partially from the host, and treatment with glucocorticoids, which are immunosuppressive, increases the risk of damaging complications such as scarring, prolonged morbidity, bacterial or fungal superinfection, and the occasional corenal perforation. Accepted methods of treatment of specific lesions, are discussed, as are some methods that are not yet accepted, but which seem promising. Herpes zoster may result in scarring and significant loss of vision even without the use of glucocorticoids, the disease often manifesting itself in the already compromised host. The major complication is postherpetic neuralgia. None of the available treatment methods has been fully satisfactory, and every effort should be made to prevent eye lesions in patients with early infection of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Stimulation of cellular immunity by various means appears to offer some new promise for control of the disease. Management of varicella, cytomegalovirus, and infectious mononucleosis are also discussed.