cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PREDICTION OF SEVERE CONVECTION

Severe thunderstorms are an awesome phenomenon, often leaving injury, loss of life, and extensive damage to crops and property in their wake. Large hail, gusts of wind, lightning and flood-producing deluges of rain are major contributors to these traumata, but the most devastating phenomenon is the tornado. In the United States, tornadoes have invoked a dread in most of the population, probably out of proportion to the risk they actually pose, to the extent that the governmental forecasting agency declined until three decades ago torefer to them, as a matter of policy. (At the same time, they hold a certain fascination: a famous old children’s story starts when a little girl in Kansas is whirled away in a tornado and then deposited, safely, in a magid land considerably more exciting than her native plains; and even today an ardent sub-culture of chasers is devoted to the in situ personal observation of this intense vortex.)
Universal glass dynamics in PCM nano-glasses

The classical double well potential (DWP) model known to explain many phenomena in glasses, is extended to the nano glasses of chalcogenide phase change memory (PCM). We describe simple analytical expressions for the temporal drift of PCM reset parameters. The threshold voltage Vth and the amorphous state resistance R are shown to drift with the time (t) as deltaVth propotional to ln t and R proportional to t power alpha respectively in broad intervals spanning many decades in time. These dependencies saturate at long enough times that can be shorten with temperature increase. All the available data on the PCM drift are shown to be fully consistent with DWP model.
STATISTICAL TESTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION ON QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS.

Evolutionary biologists tend to ascribe phenotypic changes in populations to natural selection. Plausible hypotheses are regularly offered to explain how certain features of an organism are adaptive for its way of life. Failure to find an adaptive explanation is easily attributed to incompleteness of the study or pleiotropic effects of genes. More rarely, consideration is given to nonadaptive or maladaptive processes in evolution. Since mechanisms of phenotypic change other than natural selection are known (Van Valen, 1960), especially random genetic drift, the prevalent style of evolutionary logic begs the hypothesis of natural selection. It is therefore of interest to develop statistical tests on the pattern and rate of evolution of quantitative characters which can be used to distinguish natural selection from random genetic drift in natural and experimental populations. Pattern tests.-There are two basic types of pattern for which a null hypothesis of randomness may be tested. In natural populations, where there are no replications, the analysis sometimes suffers from lack of a control for relevant environmental variation in time. To test the null hypothesis of evolution by random genetic drift against the alternative hypothesis of natural selection, it is necessary to determine how much of the phenotypic changes are an individual developmental response to a changing environment and how much a result of genetic evolution. However, a time series from a natural population can be used to test the null hypothesis that the phenotypic changes form a random pattern. A variety of standard tests of randomness are available, based on the number and ordering of positive and negative changes, e.g. the sign test, the runs test. For application to fossil populations, it is notable
Engineering and Economic Analyses of a Coal-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Plant

Author(s): Rao, AD; Verma, A; Samuelsen, GS | Abstract: An advanced coal based power plant system that has an electrical efficiency of 60% on an HHV basis is defined. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid has been shown to be an essential requirement in order to achieve such a high efficiency. The coal is gasified utilizing a high pressure air-blown advanced transport reactor (ATR). A thermo-economic analysis of this integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) plant is performed by comparing it to an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant that utilizes a gas turbine combined cycle for power generation. Results of this thermo-economic analysis indicate that the required "break even" cost of the SOFC system is $400/kW on an installed cost basis such that the cost of electricity of IGFC plant is the same as that of the IGCC plant. Coproduction of H2 and capture of carbon emissions may be incorporated in the design without causing a major thermal penalty on the system performance when high temperature separation membranes are employed. An O2-blown gasifier is required for such applications. The technology development needs are addressed. Copyright © 2005 by ASME.
Fluorescence Enhancement of Molecules Inside a Gold Nanomatryoshka

Metallic nanoparticles exhibiting plasmonic Fano resonances can provide large enhancements of their internal electric near field. Here we show that nanomatryoshkas, nanoparticles consisting of an Au core, an interstitial nanoscale SiO2 layer, and an Au shell layer, can selectively provide either a strong enhancement or a quenching of the spontaneous emission of fluorophores dispersed within their internal dielectric layer. This behavior can be understood by taking into account the near-field enhancement induced by the Fano resonance of the nanomatryoshka, which is responsible for enhanced absorption of the fluorophores incorporated into the nanocomplex. The combination of compact size and enhanced light emission with internal encapsulation of the fluorophores for increased biocompatibility suggests outstanding potential for this type of nanoparticle complex in biomedical applications.
Is everywhere nowhere? nomads, nations, and the immigrant paradigm of United States history.

Like the migrants they study, historians of migration step across national boundaries. Like migrants, too, they thus expose themselves to what Gerard Noiriel calls "the tyranny of the national."' National historiography dominates our discipline. As students of transnational phenomena, however, historians of migration must master more than one national "field." They are simultaneously historians of the world, of several nations, and of the ethnic, religious, and regional loyalties that sustain and sometimes motivate migration. Historians of migration view human movement as an ordinary, rather than exceptional, dimension of human life and as an almost universal human experience. Yet modern historiography makes migration a significant theme mainly when it constructs nations. The immigrant paradigm of American history provides a familiar example.2 This historical interpretation defines the United States as a nation of immigrants, in which incorporation of foreigners symbolizes the promise and accomplishments of American democracy. The paradigm transforms migrants, and their historians, into "nowhere men," occupying a historiographical nowhere land. Certainly, the migrants I have studied from Italy and Sicily were mobile people for whom migration was more often a way of life than a moment of transition from one national identity to another. One early scholar of international migrations noted that the residents of Italy had been leaving home "since time immemorial." Migra-
Variability in Reproductive Output and Success of Spermophilus elegans Ground Squirrels

Reproductive output and success of female Spermophilus elegans inhabiting a montane pasture in the Colorado Rockies were examined from 1977 to 1979. Females that successfully raised young to postweaning age occupied specific burrow sites each year. These sites were termed maternity-burrow sites and, based on frequency of annual reoccupancy, were classified as frequently-occupied (type 1) or occasionally-occupied (type 2) sites. Mean litter sizes at weaning for females that occupied type 1 sites were significantly greater in each year and overall than for females from type 2 sites. Of all young weaned, approximately an equal proportion survived to become yearlings from each site type. Significantly more surviving young from type 1 sites reproduced, however. Thus, females at type 1 sites were more fit than those at type 2 sites. Variability in reproductive output and success of Spermophilus elegans females was attributed to age of female in conjunction with type of maternity burrow site occupied.
Occult metastatic mesothelioma--diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. A case report.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of an enlarged right axillary lymph node was performed on a 33-year-old woman with Ebstein’s cardiac anomaly. Microscopic examination of the cytologic material revealed large discohesive cells with abundant pale cytoplasm, “ruffled” cytoplasmic borders, and prominent central nucleoli. Immunocytochemical analysis of the aspirate confirmed the mesothelial origin of these cells and prompted the diagnosis of metastatic mesothelioma. Autopsy examination revealed a large pericardial mesothelioma with metastases to mediastinal and axillary lymph nodes. This case report demonstrates the usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic mesothelioma.
Number of pregnancies and the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease.

Background Whether increasing parity or gravidity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease has been debated, but the question remains unresolved. Methods We tested the association between the number of pregnancies and a variety of cardiovascular end points in two groups of women who had completed childbearing. One group comprised 2357 women who were followed for 28 years through the Framingham Heart Study, and the other 2533 women followed for at least 12 years through the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS). Results The rates of coronary heart disease were higher among multigravid women than among women who had never been pregnant, in both the Framingham Heart Study and the NHEFS, but in both studies, the higher rates were statistically significant only in women with six or more pregnancies. For the women in the Framingham Study, the rate ratio adjusted for age and educational level in the group with six or more pregnancies (as compared...
Analysis on surveillance on rural environmental health in Luzhou in 2011

OBJECTIVE To understand the factors of rural environmental health hazard in Luzhou and provide the basis for the formulation of policy measures.METHODS Used the 2011 national rural environment health surveillance project technology solutions to carry on investigation.RESULTS 60 villages were set up as surveillance points during 3 counties.The most refuse was household waste in surveillance points.About 2 / 3 points possessed the fixed refuse storage places.46 points did refuse disposal.The main sewage was from living and breeding.About 80.00% sewage was discharged directly into rivers and farmland.The amount of single monitoring points was 63 576,the penetration rate of sanitary toilets was 50.39%.66.33% of households fertilized with feces and 99.00% of households had a biological vector breeding sites that cockroach 54.33%,rat 37.00%,fly 67.33%,mosquito 21.33% among 300 families.60 farmland soil samples were detected,detection rate of ascaris eggs was 16.67%.The exceeded rate of cadmium was 38.33%.CONCLUSION Luzhou has serious environmental health hazard factors in rural area,including poor refuse disposal,poor sewage treatment,low popularizing rate of sanitation toilets,poor level of decontaminationoffeces,serious biological vector breeding,serious pollution of farmland soil roundworm eggs and heavy metals cadmium.Practical public health interventions should be implemented soon.
Rehabilitation of patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases. The role of enriched oxygen.

The conclusion may be drawn that rehabilitative measures for obstructive pulmonary diseases are better tolerated in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. No ill effects have been observed. An increase of 4 to 10 per cent in the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere appears to be sufficient to maintain approximately normal arterial oxygen saturation.
A device design study of 0.25 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS for 1 V low power applications

A 0.25 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS with multiple-V/sub T/ is proposed for 1 V low power applications; low-V/sub T/ devices for critical paths, and high-V/sub T/ devices for the rest of the circuit. Various device designs, viz. super-steep retrograde (SSR), SSR with surface counter doping (CD), conventional, and conventional with CD, to realize the high- and low-V/sub T/ devices are experimentally evaluated by comparing the nominal I/sub DRIVE/ and V/sub T/ rolloff. It is found that the SSR+CD channel profile is optimum for low-V/sub T/ CMOS, while SSR and conventional are optimum for high-V/sub T/ NMOS and PMOS, respectively. The power and performance tradeoffs for these devices are evaluated using a verified figure-of-merit and SPICE simulations, and the results are found to be reasonably comparable to published data.
Fire in a crowded theatre

After I finished my PhD, I accepted a position at an institute called the Combustion Research Facility.
Assisting asylum seekers in a time of global forced displacement: Five clinical cases.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees, over 65 million people were displaced from their homes due to conflict and persecution in 2015. Many physicians express an interest in human rights and a desire to assist this group of refugees and asylum seekers. Physicians are able to use their unique skills by performing medical forensic evaluations of individuals seeking asylum. Some asylum seekers have psychological or physical scars or functional abnormalities relating to injuries or ill-treatment they experience due to persecution. Documenting these findings can significantly improve the likelihood that they will be granted asylum. This manuscript outlines the historical and legal background of asylum. Each of the individuals presented in this paper experienced persecution in different forms. One person was tortured due to his political opinion and one was assaulted because he was gay. One woman sought asylum due to domestic violence, another woman because she had been subjected to female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and the last suffered severe psychological trauma related to a forced marriage. Five typical clinical cases of medical forensic evaluations are outlined, each with different forms of persecution and physical or psychological findings. Physicians have an interest in using their expertise to help this underserved population. They report that working with asylum seekers is rewarding, intellectually stimulating and a novel way to use their training and skills.
Distance Education And Learning: An Innovative Approach to Extending Workforce Training Capacity:

The mission of the Region IV (R-IV) Public Health Training Center (PHTC), headquartered at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, is to develop and implement programming to train public health professionals in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Region IV. The emphasis on public health accreditation, as well as the reality of high personnel turnover and a workforce with little formal training, point to the need for PHTCs that provide workforce training. PHTCs use distance-based education to reach those in need of training by minimizing or eliminating cost and travel barriers. However, many experienced public health trainers who are able to provide effective and engaging trainings in person lack the knowledge and skills necessary to adapt existing curricula to a distance format. Distance Education And Learning (DEAL) is an online course designed by the R-IV PHTC to increase the capacity of public health trainers to teach in the distance learning environmen...
Methanol oxidation on stoichiometric and oxygen-rich RuO2(110)

We used temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) to investigate the adsorption and oxidation of methanol on stoichiometric and O-rich RuO2(110) surfaces. We find that the complete oxidation of CH3OH is strongly preferred on stoichiometric RuO2(110) during TPRS for initial CH3OH coverages below ∼0.33 ML (monolayer), and that partial oxidation to mainly CH2O becomes increasingly favored with increasing CH3OH coverage from 0.33 to 1.0 ML. We present evidence that an adsorbed CH2O2 species serves as the key intermediate to complete oxidation and that CH2O2 formation is intrinsically facile but becomes limited by the availability of bridging O-atoms on stoichiometric RuO2(110) at initial CH3OH coverages above 0.33 ML. We show that methanol molecules adsorbed in excess of 0.33 ML dehydrogenate to mainly CH2O and desorb during TPRS, with adsorbed CH3O groups mediating the evolution of both CH2O and CH3OH. We find that O-rich RuO2(110) surfaces are also highly active toward methanol oxidation and that selectivity toward the complete oxidation of methanol increases markedly with increasing coverage of on-top O-atoms (Oot) on RuO2(110). Our results demonstrate that CH3OH species adsorbed within Oot-rich domains react efficiently during TPRS, in parallel with reaction of CH3OH adsorbed initially on cus-Ru sites. The data suggests that the facile hydrogenation of Oot atoms and the resulting desorption of H2O at low-temperature (<∼400 K) provides an efficient pathway for restoring reactive O-atoms and thereby promoting complete oxidation of methanol on the O-rich RuO2(110) surface.
Extinction and Resurgence of Scientific History: An Interbehavioral Analysis

Kantor’s historical analysis of scientific psychology is an example of a “naturalistic” or interbehavioral application in another discipline. He shows that (naturalistic) scientific psychology progresses through an early Hellenic period as pure naturalism, is extinguished with the influence of Christianity, and then reemerges following the Renaissance. A parallel development occurs in the case of “scientific history.” We propose that scientific history also begins as a naturalistic enterprise, undergoes extinction, and following its resurgence restores an objective approach to the practice of historiography. The congruence between the scientific careers of psychology and history serves as powerful verification of Kantor’s theory of the cultural matrix.
Type Ia supernovae and supersoft X-ray sources

The question of the possible progenitors of supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) is examined in the light of the existence of supersoft X-ray sources. It is argued that SNe Ia are thermonuclear explosions of accreting C−O white dwarfs. The existing observational evidence favors somewhat models in which the exploding star ignites carbon upon reaching the Chandrasekhar mass. A careful examination of all the potential progenitor classes reveals that when realization frequencies are combined with a variety of observational characteristics, no single class emerges as containing the obvious progenitors. It is argued that coalescing white dwarfs or supersoft X-ray sources are the most likely progenitor systems. A few critical observations which could help identify the progenitors unambiguously are discussed.
The market design and policy of online review platforms

I present the institutions and incentives of online reviews, including attracting initial reviews, assuring truthful reviews of genuine experiences, and avoiding inflated or deceptive reviews. I also explore the competition and consumer protection concerns associated with reviews.
Intracellular S100A9 Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells during Late Sepsis.

Myeloid precursor cell reprogramming into a myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) contributes to high mortality rates in mouse and human sepsis. S100A9 mRNA and intracellular protein levels increase during early sepsis and remain elevated in Gr1+CD11b+ MDSCs after pro-inflammatory sepsis transitions to the later chronic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive phenotype. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intracellular S100A9 protein might sustain Gr1+CD11b+ MDSC repressor cell reprogramming during sepsis. We used a chronic model of sepsis in mice to show that S100A9 release from MDSCs and circulating phagocytes decreases after early sepsis, and that targeting the S100a9 gene improves survival. Surprisingly, we find that intracellular S100A9 protein translocates from the cytosol to nucleus in Gr1+CD11b+ MDSCs during late sepsis and promotes expression of miR-21 and miR-181b immune repressor mediators. We further provide support of this immunosuppression pathway in human sepsis. This study may inform a new therapeutic target for improving sepsis outcome.
Epilepsy in Children with ASD: An Overview of Evaluation Procedures, Child Characteristics and Treatment Options

The rates of epilepsy among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are higher than that of the general population. The exact prevalence and aetiology of the comorbidity of autism and epileps...
How informative is qualitative management earnings guidance

Abstract In this paper I examine the information content of qualitative management earnings guidance relative to quantitative guidance. Hirst et al. (2008) note that managers may issue earnings forecasts in either qualitative or quantitative forms. Prior research on the consequences of forecast form has focused primarily on different forms of quantitative earnings guidance. This work either finds no effect of forecast form or that more precise guidance is more credible or informative. Using a sample of 14,468 quantitative EPS forecasts and 1265 qualitative EPS forecasts, I find that qualitative bad news forecasts are more informative to investors (i.e., have a stronger market reaction) and analysts (i.e., have larger earnings revisions) than quantitative bad news forecasts. By way of an explanation, I find that qualitative bad news forecasts are more accurate ex post than quantitative bad news forecasts. The results indicate that in the case of bad news EPS forecasts, the qualitative forecast form itself provides a signal to market participants, above and beyond the actual earnings expectation, that the forthcoming earnings surprise may be more negative than anticipated, and that investors and analysts react accordingly.
Assessing Fiscal Space in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper presents new empirical evidence on how fiscal space in Sub-Saharan Africa has evolved over the past 15 years. Fiscal space is a multi-dimensional concept that is proxied by indicators capturing aspects of fiscal sustainability, balance sheet vulnerabilities, external debt positions, and market perception. The analysis relies on a new comprehensive database developed on a wide array of indicators (28) for a large set of countries in the world—of which 48 are in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis finds that, breaking with history, Sub-Saharan African countries were able to conduct countercyclical policies amid the 2008–09 global financial crisis, thanks to built-up liquidity and policy buffers. The evidence shows that fiscal adjustment efforts in the region were reversed amid the 2014–16 plunge in commodity prices, and oil and minerals and metals exporters saw a sharp deterioration in their primary balance sustainability gap. The paper finds a great deal of heterogeneity in the post–global financial crisis evolution of the fiscal space in the region. In countries with reduced fiscal space, the increase in the number of tax years to repay the debt fully was 1.1 years for the representative country, and in over one-third of the countries, this increase was more than one standard deviation above the median.
Computational predictive design for metal-decorated-graphene size-specific subnanometer to nanometer ORR catalysts

Abstract The predicted maximal activity of subnanometer to nanometer scale transition metal alloy/intermetallic catalyst nanoparticles (TMNP) supported on graphene for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated. VdW corrected DFT calculations are performed for size-selected TMNP supported on graphene (metal-decorated graphene) through generation and analysis of thermodynamic scaling relations. Based on these results, a Volcano Plot analysis is performed. Through screening of the best possible sub-nanometer catalysts, size and composition permutations of candidate alloy/intermetallic NP are further screened for predicted catalyst activity for the ORR. Results from this study indicate it can be possible to shift ORR catalyst performance of subnanometer to nanometer sized alloy/intermetallic particles- even those containing the highly noble metals- much closer to the predicted Volcano Plot maximum than is previously seen using models of single crystal surface catalysts (pure metals or alloy/intermetallics). Based on the results from this analysis, future considerations for modifying the support-catalyst pairing to additionally shift the activity closer to the Volcano maximum are suggested.
The Effect of Seller Ownership and Financing Choices on the Selling Price of Foreclosed Homes

Abstract Numerous studies have examined the effect of foreclosures on the selling prices of residential properties, but few have considered whether ownership and financing terms affect selling prices. The findings indicate that investor-resale properties sell at a significant premium relative to comparable properties sold by commercial banks, while GSE-owned properties sell at a slight premium. Also, cash buyers are able to negotiate lower prices from sellers.
Consistency of infinitesimal perturbation analysis estimators with rates

We study a class of infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) algorithms for queueing systems with load-dependent service and/or arrival rates. Such IPA algorithms were originally motivated by applications to large queueing systems in conjunction with aggregation algorithms. We prove strong consistency of these estimators through a type of birth and death queue.
Adaptive correlation exploitation in big data query optimization

Correlations among the data attributes are abundant and inherent in most application domains. These correlations, if managed in systematic and efficient ways, would enable various optimization opportunities. Unfortunately, the state-of-art techniques are all heavily tailored toward optimizing factors intrinsic to relational databases, e.g., predicate selectivity, random I/O accesses, and secondary indexes, which are mostly not applicable to the modern big data infrastructures, e.g., Hadoop and Spark. In this paper, we propose the EXORD$$^+$$+ system for exploiting the data's correlations in big data query optimization. EXORD$$^+$$+ supports two types of correlations; hard (which does not allow for exceptions) and soft (which allows for exceptions). We introduce a three-phase approach for managing soft correlations including: (1) validating and judging the worthiness of soft correlations, (2) selecting and preparing the soft correlations for deployment, and (3) exploiting the correlations in query optimization. EXORD$$^+$$+ introduces a novel cost-benefit model for adaptively selecting the most beneficial soft correlations given a query workload. We show the complexity of this problem (NP-Hard) and propose a heuristic to efficiently solve it in a polynomial time. Moreover, we present incremental maintenance algorithms for efficiently updating the system's state under data appends and workload changes. EXORD$$^+$$+ prototype is implemented as an extension to the Hive engine on top of Hadoop. The experimental evaluation shows the potential of EXORD$$^+$$+ in achieving more than 10x speedup while introducing minimal storage overheads.
Efficient LLC Resonant Converter With a Simple Hold-Up Time Compensation in Voltage Doubler Rectifier

LLC resonant converter is one of the promising converter topologies due to its simple structure and high efficiency. However, when LLC resonant converter is designed considering a hold-up time requirement, it has definite drawbacks such as large conduction and turn-off losses due to large circulating current. To solve this problem, various resonant converters with boost capability have been investigated. Although these methods improved overall performance, they still suffer from a large number of switching components. In this paper, a new LLC resonant converter with boost capability is introduced and verified. The advantage of the proposed converter is a small number of components while achieving the hold-up time capability. Furthermore, it achieves zero average transformer current despite its asymmetric operation. A prototype has been built and tested with 400–250-V input and 200-V/200-W output specification.
Semantic context influences early speech perception: Evidence from electrophysiology

An unresolved issue in speech perception concerns whether top-down lexical information influences early perceptual representations. This was addressed using the event-related potential (ERP) technique to measure semantic priming effects on the auditory N1, an index of initial acoustic cue encoding. Participants saw visual primes that formed a clear association with the target (Association: “MARCHING band”), led to no specific association (Neutral: “BUTTER bomb”), or consisted of a non-word Mask. Auditory targets were stop consonants varying in voice onset time (VOT) between voiced (/b,d,g/) and voiceless (/p,t,k/) pairs. Participants were faster to identify the initial sound of the target in the Association condition than the Neutral and Mask conditions, and ERP responses showed the expected bottom-up effect of stimulus VOT (larger N1s for shorter VOTs). In Experiment 1, Association primes produced smaller N1s when targets were perfectly predictive, suggesting a top-down attentional effect. In Experiment 2, ambiguous and unexpected VOTs were added, and the results demonstrated that ambiguous VOTs in the Association condition were encoded similarly to the voicing endpoint that matched the semantic context (i.e., larger N1s for voiced expectations). These results provide the first ERP evidence that top-down lexical information directly influences early perceptual responses.
Emerging investigator series: protein adsorption and transformation on catalytic and food-grade TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of dissolved organic carbon

The inherent physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are known to control the sorption of proteins, but knowledge on how the release of ENMs to the environment prior to protein exposure affects this reaction is limited. In this study, time-resolved, in situ infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the sorption of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), onto two different types of titanium dioxide (TiO2) ENMs (catalytic-grade P90 and food-grade E171) in the presence and absence of a simple dissolved organic carbon molecule, oxalate. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that oxalate adsorbed to P90 through chemisorption interactions, but it adsorbed to E171 through physisorption interactions due to the presence of inherent surface-bound phosphates. Secondary structure and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analyses showed that BSA interacted with and unfolded on the surface of P90, but not E171, presumably due to the repulsive forces from the negatively charged phosphates on E171. When oxalate was pre-adsorbed to either P90 or E171, the unfolding of BSA occurred, but along different pathways. This suggests both the “outer” surface chemistry (e.g., oxalate layers) and the mechanism by which this layer is bound to the ENM play a significant role in the adsorption of proteins. Collectively, the results indicate the exposure of ENMs to natural and engineered environments prior to biological uptake affects the resulting protein corona formation, and thus the transport and bioactivity of ENMs.
Internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flaps

Oncologic defects of the head and neck require a detailed understanding of regional anatomy to optimize and simplify reconstruction. While free tissue transfer has become the standard bearer for most soft tissue defects, local flaps still remain a high-quality, reliable option. The internal mammary vasculature provides predictable perforators to the chest wall skin that can be transposed to lower neck wounds. Paired arteries and veins perforate through the second and third rib interspaces to perfuse skin overlying the parasternal and infraclavicular areas. Donor site morbidity is minimal with primary closure performed in most occasions. This flap is ideal for smaller esophageal fistulae, paratracheal wounds, and neck incisional dehiscence.
Analysis of the Higgs Boson Properties During Run 1 and Run 2 of the LHC

Constraints on anomalous HVV couplings are placed using events from the Run 1 or Run 2 data taking periods. The general formalism of these couplings was already mentioned in detail in Sect. 3.1. In the Run 1 analysis, the tested contributions are a2, a3, Λ1 for the HZZ vertex, a2Zγ, a3Zγ, and Λ1Zγ for the HZγ vertex, and a2γγ and a3γγ for the Hγγ vertex. HZZ and HWW couplings are assumed to be the same, but test of separating them on the decay side are also performed via comparison to events from H →WW → 2l2ν events. In Run 2, only the anomalous HZZ contributions, or the Λ1Zγ contribution, are tested from the 4l decay with the assumption that HZZ and HWW couplings are the same.
Detection and Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders Through Decision Rule Set Formation

Mental illness has long term influences on people’s relationships, health, education and profession. According to WHO, psychological disorders are continuously growing its burden for the past few years throwing serious impact on people’s health, economic and social condition all over the globe. A similar statistics states that in 2011 about 30 million people worldwide were affected by Major Depressive Disorder, 60 Million by Bipolar Affective and 23 Million by Schizophrenia and other Psychosis [13]. Although medical sciences have come with every effective intervention for the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders but still people don’t seek out the treatment they need. The major reason for this failure is because of the overlapping symptoms of Psychological disorders. It sometimes takes years by the Psychiatrists to accurately diagnose the psychological disorder. The objective of this research paper is to detect and diagnose more accurately the presence of three of the major and most common psychological disorders i.e. Major Depressive Disorder, Bi-Polar Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia through Decision Rule Set Formation (RST).
Assessment of Cancer Survivorship Training and Knowledge Among Resident Physicians in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

The number of gynecologic cancer survivors in the USA is expected to grow to nearly 2 million by 2029. Gynecologic oncologists alone will not be able to care for all of these women. Thus, preparation of general obstetrician/gynecologists (OBGYNs) to deliver this care is crucial. Our objective was to assess cancer survivorship training (CST) among OB/GYN residents and to evaluate knowledge in basic gynecologic cancer survivorship. OB/GYN residents were recruited nationally to complete a de novo questionnaire, querying demographics, hours of CST received, teaching methods used, and efficacy of those methods. Survivorship knowledge was assessed by ten questions based on the 2017 Society of Gynecologic Oncology recommendations on post-treatment surveillance, which includes topics appropriate for generalists. Analyses were done using t tests and ANOVA, with significance set at p = 0.05. In total, 128 residents responded to the survey. Observation was the most common method of CST (53%), with patient contact reported as the most effective method (42.6%). The mean score of correct responses (MSCRs) among all respondents was 61.5%. MSCR significantly improved with increasing post-graduate year (PGY) (p = 0.003). Survivorship training method was not associated with improved MSCR. Improvements in MSCR were observed with an increasing number of CST hours (p = 0.011). A total of 13.9% of residents reported feeling “very comfortable” with survivorship care, yet 88.5% of respondents indicated they did not want additional CST. More hours of CST are associated with improved resident in knowledge in cancer survivorship care, though deficits still remain. Further investigation into optimizing CST is warranted.
Proactive Suggestion Generation: Data and Methods for Stepwise Task Assistance

Conversational systems such as digital assistants can help users per-form many simple tasks upon request. Looking to the future, these systems will also need to fully support more complex, multi-step tasks (e.g., following cooking instructions), and help users complete those tasks, e.g., via useful and relevant suggestions made during the process. This paper takes the first step towards automatic generation of task-related suggestions. We introduce proactive suggestion generation as a novel task of natural language generation, in which a decision is made to inject a suggestion into an ongoing user dialog and one is then automatically generated. We propose two types of stepwise suggestions: multiple-choice response generation and text generation. We provide several models for each type of suggestion, including binary and multi-class classification, and text generation.
Farysia magdalena sp. nov. and description of the anamorph of Anthracocystis heteropogonicola from the Americas

Several interesting Ustilaginaceae yeast morphs were isolated during ongoing surveys of phylloplane-associated fungi in Louisiana (USA) and Guyana. Here we describe Farysia magdalena sp. nov., a phylloplane yeast isolated in southern Louisiana, based on phylogenetic analyses, assimilation profiles and morphological characters, and discuss the yeast morphs in this genus. Additionally, we describe the anamorphic stage of Anthracocystis heteropogonicola, isolated from plant phylloplanes from the Americas. This is the first report of this fungus in the Western Hemisphere and the first description of the yeast morph for a species of Anthracocystis.
Take-Home Naloxone and the Need for a Publicly Funded Naloxone Supply

The opioid crisis continues to exact a heavy toll on the United States, and overdose deaths have only increased during the current global pandemic. One effective intervention to reduce overdose deaths is to distribute the opioid antagonist naloxone directly to persons actively using opioids (ie, "take-home naloxone"), especially at touchpoints with the potential for significant impact such as emergency departments and jails. A number of hospital emergency departments have recently sought to implement individual take-home naloxone programs; however, programmatic success has been inconsistent due primarily to the inability to secure reliable funding for a naloxone supply. In this commentary, we establish the argument for a publicly funded naloxone supply to support take-home naloxone distribution in emergency department settings. We posit that the complex billing and reimbursement system for medication dispensing is impossibly burdensome during emergency care for an acute opioid overdose, and that the mounting death toll from this public health crisis demands a strong commitment to harm reduction. A publicly financed naloxone supply would demonstrate this commitment and make a measurable impact in saving lives. Ultimately, provision of naloxone should be coupled with other comprehensive treatment services and medications for opioid use disorder to meaningfully reduce harms associated with opioid use.
“This is our land!”: Owning the Nation in Luc Belvaux’s Chez Nous (2017)

Far-Right, white nationalist movements are now threatening liberal democracies across the West in ways not seen since the interwar years, turbulent times that set the stage for catastrophic violenc...
Pushdown Model Checking for Security

One of the key challenges for computer security is the problem of software security: how to build software that is free of implementation vulnerabilities. In this talk, I will present experience with pushdown model checking for software security. First, I will survey simple methods for pushdown model checking, and I will introduce MOPS, a tool for pushdown model checking of C programs. Then, I will show many security properties of interest may be encoded as temporal safety properties that are well-suited to analysis with model checking. I will report on our experience applying MOPS to tens of millions of lines of C code. Finally, I will discuss some possible directions for future research.
Regulatory domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Mechanism of inhibition and regulation by phosphorylation.

Regulatory mechanisms of rat brain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) were probed using a synthetic peptide (CaMK-(281-309] corresponding to residues 281–309 (α-subunit) which contained the calmodulin (CaM)-binding and inhibitory domains and also the initial autophosphorylation site (Thr286). Kinetic analyses indicated that inhibition of a completely Ca2+/CaM-independent form of CaM-kinase II by CaMK-(281–309) was noncompetitive with respect to peptide substrate (syntide-2) but was competitive with respect to ATP. Interaction of CaMK-(281–309) with the ATP-binding site was independently confirmed since inactivation of proteolyzed CaM-kinase II by phenylglyoxal (t½ = 7 min) was blocked by ATP analog plus Mg2+ or by CaMK-(281–309). In the presence of Ca2+/CaM, CaMK-(281–309) no longer protected against phenylglyoxal inactivation, consistent with our previous observations (Colbran, R.J., Fong, Y.-L., Schworer, C.M., and Soderling, T.R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18145–18151) that binding of Ca2+/CaM to CaMK-(281–309) 1) blocks its inhibitory property, and 2) enhances its phosphorylation at Thr 286. The present study also showed that phosphorylation of CaMK-(281–309) decreased its inhibitory potency at least 10-fold without affecting its Ca2+/CaM-binding ability. Thus, CaM-kinase II is inactive in the absence of Ca2+/CaM because an inhibitory domain within residues 281–309 interacts with the catalytic domain and blocks ATP binding. Autophosphorylation of Thr286 results in a Ca2+/CaM-independent form of the kinase by disrupting the inhibitory interaction with the catalytic domain.
Directed paths in random media

Contents: A. Introduction B. High Temperature Expansions for the Ising Model C. Characteristic Functions and Cumulants D. The One Dimensional Chain E. Directed Paths and the Transfer Matrix F. Moments of the Correlation Function G. The Probability Distribution in Two Dimensions H. Higher Dimensions I. Random Signs J. Other Realizations of DPRM K. Quantum Interference of Strongly Localized Electrons L. The Locator Expansion and Forward Scattering Paths M. Magnetic Field Response N. Unitary Propagation O. Unitary Averages P. Summing all Paths in High Dimensions Q. The Ising Model on a Square Lattice R. Singular Behavior S. The Two Dimensional Spin Glass T. Results for the Two Dimensional Spin Glass
THE MOVE-TO-FRONT RULE FOR SELF-ORGANIZING LISTS WITH MARKOV DEPENDENT REQUESTS·

We consider the move-to-front self-organizing linear search heuristic where the sequence of record requests is a Markov chain. Formulas are derived for the transition probabilities and stationary distribution of the permutation chain. The spectral structure of the chain is presented explicitly. Bounds on the discrepancy from stationarity for the permutation chain are computed in terms of the corresponding discrepancy for the request chain, both for separation and for total variation distance.
Culture Negative Stent Infection in an Infant with Hypoplastic Left Heart and Persistent Fever

We present an infant with hypoplastic left heart with persistent fever despite two courses of antibiotics and repeatedly negative blood cultures. He eventually underwent surgical extraction of two stents. The stent cultures became positive; he was treated with 4 weeks of antibiotics and the fever resolved.
Discussion: nutritional aspects of oral health--new perspectives

Because of the critical role of nutrition in developmental events, effects of nutritional excesses and deficiencies may be more significant than would be predicted by a steady-state model. Dietary choice is as important in oral health as it is to the health of the entire body, thus it may ultimately serve not only to prevent, but also to treat certain oral diseases
Dental arch asymmetry in the mixed dentition.

Abstract Many orthodontists evaluate dental asymmetry clinically by comparing landmarks on the occlusal surfaces of dental casts. The purpose of this study was to quantify and describe maxillary and mandibular intra-arch asymmetry in 52 Caucasian children in the mixed dentition, and to determine if a relationship exists between intra-arch and interarch asymmetry. The median palatal plane (MPP) was used as a reference for transverse measurements. A computer-constructed transverse palatal plane (TPP) was the reference for anteroposterior measurements. Asymmetry greater than 2.0 mm was present at any one landmark in 25% of the sample. Transverse asymmetries exceeded anteroposterior asymmetries in magnitude and prevalence. The high association (Pearson's correlation) between the positions of anteroposterior and transverse interarch landmarks indicated that the arches had similar dimensions. Many children in the mixed dentition have intra-arch asymmetries that are more severe and prevalent in the transverse pl...
Reciprocal Aid-giving in a Communal Bird

The feeding of young by parents was observed in three color-banded families of wild Mexican jays. The development of indiscriminate feeding of each other's young by the parents began well before the young left the nest. These observations suggest that reciprocal feeding is not an accident and that it might be more beneficial than exclusive feeding of own young for parent Mexican Jays. The membership hypothesis and the helper-resource hypothesis are proposed as possible explanations.
Religiosity and Spirituality as Resiliency Resources: Moderation, Mediation, or Moderated Mediation?

A growing body of literature indicates a modestly positive association between religiosity and spirituality as predictors of psychological health (anxiety and depression), suggesting they serve as personal resiliency factors. The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of the relationships among these constructs. Using Lazarus’s Transactional Model of Stress as a theoretical framework, we examined: (a) the extent to which spirituality and religiosity mediated and/or moderated the association between perceived stress and psychological health and (b) whether there was a moderated (religiosity) mediation (spirituality) between stress and health. The Perceived Stress Scale, Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, Religious Commitment Inventory, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were administered to measure the following constructs: stress, spirituality, religiosity, and psychological health. This study utilized a nonexperimental, quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional, moderated-mediation design, and included a convenience sample of 331 research participants. Both spirituality and religiosity moderated stress and health. However, only spirituality partially mediated the relationship. In addition, religiosity did not moderate the mediating effects of spirituality. Overall, this study confirmed the role of both religiosity and spirituality as effective resiliency resources.