cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Epileptic Seizure Threshold: Implications of Biphasic Dose Responses

Considerable evidence has emerged that hormetic-like biphasic dose-response relationships are common in the biomedical sciences. Consequently, this article assesses dose-response relationships of agents known to modulate epileptic-like seizure thresholds in screening tests with animal models. Biphasic dose responses have been commonly reported as measured by changes in seizure threshold concentrations across a broad dose-response continuum of chemically diverse agents that act via different receptor-based mechanisms. Despite such differences in chemical structure and modes of actions, the quantitative features of these dose responses are quite similar, being consistent with the hormetic dose-response model with respect to the magnitude and width of the stimulatory responses. The hormetic responses were also independent of the animal model employed as well as type of seizure-related endpoint measured. These findings support the generalizability of the hormetic dose-response concept and may have important implications for the discovery of antiseizure drugs and their clinical evaluation.
Air Quality Problems Inside a House Following a Fire

Fire-damaged houses are often refurbished for further use. In some cases occupants complain about odours from the fire in the refurbished houses. Experimental box fires and a field study of refurbished houses were un- dertaken to investigate the problem. Concentrations of combustion products from fires in the experimental box were measured for up to 30 days afterwards and the decay of concentrations of the combustion products was calculated. The decay was faster in humid conditions than in dry conditions. There was a cor- relation between the boiling point of compounds and the decay constant. Some compounds remained in higher-than-normal concentrations for several hun- dred or several thousand days. Field studies of refurbished houses showed re- sults consistent with the experimental study.
Mechanism for the thermal dependence of the Cr to Nd energy transfer in garnets

The temperature dependence of the Cr-Nd energy transfer is found to be due to the thermal variation of the radiative decay probability of Cr. The validity of this conjecture is checked in the Gd/sub 3/Sc/sub 2/Ga/sub 3/O/sub 12/ and CaMg/sub 2/Y/sub 2/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/ crystals. It is also found that above 200 K, the nonradiative energy transfer rate from Cr to Nd is greater in Gd/sub 3/Sc/sub 2/Ga/sub 3/O/sub 12/ than in CaMg/sub 2/Y/sub 2/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/. >
Giant hyperplastic polyposis of the colon

A patient with multiple large hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps of the colon is reported. Hundreds of polyps, some over 3 cm in size, were distributed uniformly throughout the large bowel. There was no evidence of polyps in the stomach or small intestine. The polyps, except for their large size, had the histologic features of hyperplastic polyps. This condition can be clinically confused with adenomatous polyposis coli.
Simplified mutual impedance of nonplanar skew dipoles

By including the point charges at the ends of the nonplanar skew monopoles with sinusoidal current distributions, the expressions given by Richmond and Geary [1975] are simplified. The simplified expressions satisfy reciprocity.
Dysfunctional potassium channel subunit interaction as a novel mechanism of long QT syndrome.

Background The slowly-activating delayed rectifier current IKs contributes to repolarization of the cardiac action potential, and is composed of a pore-forming α-subunit, KCNQ1, and a modulatory β-subunit, KCNE1. Mutations in either subunit can cause long QT syndrome, a potentially fatal arrhythmic disorder. How KCNE1 exerts its extensive control over the kinetics of IKs remains unresolved Objective To evaluate the impact of a novel KCNQ1 mutation on IKs channel gating and kinetics Methods KCNQ1 mutations were expressed in Xenopus oocytes in the presence and absence of KCNE1. Voltage clamping and MODELLER software were used to characterize and model channel function. Mutant and wt genes were cloned into FLAG, Myc and HA expression vectors to achieve differential epitope tagging, and expressed in HEK293 cells for immunohistochemical localization and surface biotinylation assay. Results We identified 2 adjacent mutations, S338F and F339S, in the KCNQ1 S6 domain in unrelated probands. The novel KCNQ1 S338F mutation segregated with prolonged QT interval and torsade de pointes; the second variant, F339S, was associated with fetal bradycardia and prolonged QT interval, but no other clinical events. S338F channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes had slightly increased peak conductance relative to wild type, with a more positive activation voltage. F339S channels conducted minimal current. Unexpectedly, S338F currents were abolished by co-expression with intact WT KCNE1 or its C-terminus (aa63-129), despite normal membrane trafficking and surface co-localization of KCNQ1 S338F and wt KCNE1. Structural modeling indicated that the S338F mutation specifically alters the interaction between the S6 domain of one KCNQ1 subunit and the S4-S5 linker of another, inhibiting voltage-induced movement synergistically with KCNE1 binding. Conclusions A novel KCNQ1 mutation specifically impaired channel function in the presence of KCNE1. Our structural model shows that this mutation effectively immobilizes voltage gating by an inhibitory interaction that is additive with that of KCNE1. Our findings illuminate a previously unreported mechanism for LQTS, and validate recent theoretical models of the closed state of the KCNQ1:KCNE1 complex.
Coverage and overlap of the new social sciences and humanities journal lists

This is a study of coverage and overlap in second-generation social sciences and humanities journal lists, with attention paid to curation and the judgment of scholarliness. We identify four factors underpinning coverage shortfalls: journal language, country, publisher size, and age. Analyzing these factors turns our attention to the process of assessing a journal as scholarly, which is a necessary foundation for every list of scholarly journals. Although scholarliness should be a quality inherent in the journal, coverage falls short because groups assessing scholarliness have different perspectives on the social sciences and humanities literature. That the four factors shape perspectives on the literature points to a deeper problem of fragmentation within the scholarly community. We propose reducing this fragmentation as the best method to reduce coverage shortfalls. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A THEORY FOR THE ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION OF DNA IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS

We present a mathematical model of DNA capillary electrophoresis in polymer solutions based on nonentangling collisions between DNA and polymer molecules. Using videomicroscopy images of DNA migrating through polymer solutions, we propose a modified transient entanglement coupling mechanism for DNA separations that includes nonentangling DNA/polymer collisions. We show that a mathematical model based on individual nonentangling DNA/polymer collisions is able to predict the mobilities of DNA in solutions of low molecular mass polymer. We compare the model predictions to mobility data for separations of DNA in a range of concentrations for solutions of both hydroxypropylcellulose (Mw 100 000) and hydroxyethylcellulose (Mw 139 000). The model relies on one fitted parameter, the time constant for the interaction between the DNA and polymer molecules, which is based on the physical properties of DNA and polymers.
Enable Web-Based Interactive Applications of High-Resolution 3D Medical Image Data

High-resolution 3D medical image data are typically huge in volume, varying from several hundred megabytes to several dozen gigabytes. Since such large-size data sets severely stress storage systems and networks, most existing Web-based interactive 3D medical imaging applications, such as 3D slicer and region-of-interest viewing, deal with only low-or medium-resolution images. In this paper, we introduce a single instance storage design, a client sharing technique, and a corresponding query processing method to enhance our existing remote medical image viewing system. We give performance results to show that the new design can significantly reduce storage and communication bandwidth requirements. Furthermore, it is more scalable to support a larger number of concurrent users.
The evolution of prey body size reaction norms in diverse communities.

Summary 1. Heterogeneous predation risks can select for predator-specific plastic defences in prey populations. However, diverse predation threats can generate diffuse selection, which, in turn, can lead to the evolution of more generalized reaction norms. Unreliable predator cues also can select for more generalized plasticity in prey. 2. Here, I evaluated the extent to which variation in risk from a focal predator vs. variation in risk from predator diversity and composition were associated with variation in body mass reaction norms in 18 prey populations. Toward this end, I assayed the body mass reaction norms in a common garden experiment for spotted salamander larvae Ambystoma maculatum in response to marbled salamander predators Ambystoma opacum , local predator richness and the densities of two auxiliary predator species. 3. When raised under controlled conditions, prey larvae generally were smaller when exposed to A. opacum kairomones. Among populations, the mean and slope of body mass variation was unrelated to A. opacum ’s local density. 4. Predator richness and several key environmental factors were not associated with reaction norm variation. Instead, the density of an auxiliary newt predator species was correlated with reduced mass reaction norm slopes. Results suggest that diffuse selection from auxiliary predators can modify the evolution of life-history plasticity.
First three planets

The first three extrasolar planets orbiting Solar-like stars have recently been discovered. All three were inferred from a periodicity in the optical Doppler measurements of their host stars, indicating a reflex motion in response to the gravitational force exerted by the planets. From such measurements and standard Newtonian physics, one may infer the orbital period and value of MPL sin i of 0.46, 2.5 and 6.5 MJUP, and orbital periods of 4.2, 117 and 1100 days, respectively. The most massive planet (around 70 Vir) has an eccentricity, e equals 0.38, larger than any in our Solar System, and one (around 51 Peg) has an orbital radius of 0.05 AU which is smaller than any in our Solar System. A general theory for the formation of planets must include these new characteristics.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Positive Association between Resting Pulse and Cancer Incidence in Current and Former Smokers

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between resting pulse and cancer incidence in older persons. METHODS: A cohort of 2819 persons, aged 65 to 102 years at baseline, was followed for the development of cancer from 1982 through 1993 by linkage to a statewide cancer registry; 494 incident cases were identified. Resting radial pulse (beats per minute) was measured during an in-person interview at baseline, and sex-specific quintile cutpoints were used in the analysis. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, body mass, smoking, and physical activity, there was a positive association between pulse and cancer incidence in men: compared to men with a pulse of 82 (RR = 1.63; CI = 1.03–2.65) were at elevated risk for any cancer. This association remained unchanged after further adjustment for cardiovascular comorbidity, diabetes, alcohol use, high level of depressive symptoms, and low self-perceived health status. Exclusion of cases diagnosed in the first two years of follow-up did not alter the association. There was no overall association between pulse and cancer incidence in women. Analyses stratified by smoking status showed that the pulse and cancer association was strongest in ever smokers for both men and women. In subsite analysis for men, pulse was mainly associated with smoking-related tumors as a group and colorectal and prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that resting pulse is associated with cancer incidence, mainly among ever smokers.
Correlation between antibodies to type II collagen and treatment outcome in bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss

Our aim was to assess whether "idiopathic" bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss (BPSHL) has an immunological cause in some patients; antibodies to native type II collagen were sought by an ELISA in eighteen patients with BPSHL, before and after corticosteroid treatment, and in twelve patients with Meniere's disease, fifteen with otosclerosis, eighteen with rheumatoid arthritis, nine with fibrositis, and nine healthy controls. A positive result was defined as a mean dilution titre of 2 or more. Eight of eighteen BPSHL patients had positive titres--significantly (p less than 0.005) more than in any other group (one Meniere's disease, two otosclerosis, and no others). The mean antibody titre was higher in the BPSHL group than in any other group (2.02 [SEM 0.62] vs 0.17 [0.17]) Meniere's disease, 0.44 [0.32] otosclerosis, 0 all others; p less than 0.005). The nine BPSHL patients who showed a clinical response to corticosteroids (improvement in at least one tone by audiogram or 25 db in speech discrimination score) had the highest mean antibody titre (3.46 [0.88] vs 0.59 [0.59] for the nine non-responsive patients; p less than 0.04). We suggest that in some patients with BPSHL, immunity to type II collagen, a major constituent of the inner ear, may be important in the pathogenesis of the disorder.
Capacitive Transduction for Liquid Crystal Based Sensors, Part II: Partially Disordered System

This paper presents the capacitive transduction technique involved with liquid crystal (LC) based sensors in partially disordered systems. These sensors have the potential applications in chemical and biological systems. The theory for tracking the average molecular deformation (state of alignment) and degree of ordering of anisotropic and partially disordered LC film via capacitive sensing is investigated. This system is modeled using the Q-tensor approach in modeling uniaxial LC material. The proposed sensor design is an interdigitated electrodes structure. Transverse and fringing capacitances as function of the molecular deformation are calculated. It is verified that three capacitance measurements are required to track the average molecular orientation and the degree of disorder in the LC film. The sensitivity for the sensor at different alignments and ordering degree is also studied. Toward practical sensor, neuro-fuzzy system is modeled to simulate the capacitive transduction and to monitor the LC profile. Sensors are fabricated and tested. Both the experimental and calculated capacitances are presented and compared.
Marginal learning-set formation by the crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

Each of three hand raised crows received 300 learning set problems in a modified WGTA using three-dimensional stimuli. Consistent within-problem learning was obtained but learning set formation was minimal. An analysis of hypothesis behavior (Levine, 1959) revealed a strong tendency towards position and stimulus preferences. These results raise the possibility of large species differences in learning set formation within the family Corvidae.
cAMP has distinct acute and chronic effects on aquaporin-5 in lung epithelial cells.

Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is present on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in various secretory glands as well as on the apical membrane of the airway epithelium, airway submucosal glands, and type 1 pneumocytes, where it can participate in respiratory tract water homeostasis. We examined the effects of cAMP on AQP5 distribution and abundance. When AQP5-expressing mouse lung epithelial cells were treated with cAMP or the β-adrenergic agonist terbutaline, a biphasic AQP5 response was observed. Short term (minutes) exposure to cAMP produced internalization of AQP5 off of the membrane and a decrease in protein abundance. Both of these responses were blocked by inhibition of protein kinase A and the decrease in abundance was blocked by chloroquine, indicating lysosome-mediated degradation. Sustained cAMP exposure (hours) produced an increase in membrane localization and increased abundance; these effects were also blocked by protein kinase A inhibition. The β-adrenergic agonist terbutaline produced changes in AQP5 abundance in mouse trachea and lung, consistent with our findings in cultured epithelial cells. Purified AQP5 protein was phosphorylated by protein kinase A but not protein kinase C or casein kinase II, and aquaporin-5 was phosphorylated in cultured cells after long term (but not short term) exposure to cAMP. These studies indicate that cAMP and β-adrenergic agonists produce distinct short and long term effects on AQP5 distribution and abundance that may contribute to regulation of lung water homeostasis.
A high-fidelity ocean sampling mobile network (SAMON) simulator testbed for evaluating intelligent control of unmanned underwater vehicles

The Ocean Sampling Mobile Network (SAMON) simulator testbed has been developed at Penn State for designing and evaluating multirobot ocean-mapping missions, in realistic underwater environments, prior to in-water testing. The goal in developing the testbed is to enable web-based integration of high-fidelity simulators of heterogeneous autonomous undersea vehicles from multiple organizations and a variety of on-board and fixed sensors in a realistic ocean environment in order to formulate and evaluate intelligent control strategies for mission execution. A formal control language facilitates real-time interactions between heterogeneous autonomous components. A simulation experiment is described that demonstrates multistage inferencing and decision/control strategies for spatio-temporal coordination and multilayered adaptation of group behavior in response to evolving environmental physics or operational dynamics.
The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty

For Americans entering the twenty-first century, it is the best of times and the worst of times. Material wealth is at record levels, yet disturbing social problems reflect a deep spiritual poverty. In this compelling book, well-known social psychologist David G. Myers asks how this paradox has come to be and, more importantly, how to spark social renewal and dream a new American dream. Myers explores the research on social ills from the 1960s through the 1990s and concludes that the materialism and radical individualism of this period have cost us dearly, imperiling our children, corroding general civility, and diminishing our happiness. However, in the voices of public figures and ordinary citizens he now hears a spirit of optimism. The national dialogue is shifting away from the expansion of personal rights and towards enhancement of communal civility, away from efforts to raise self-esteem and towards attempts to arouse social responsibility, away from "whose values?" and towards "our values". Myers analyses in detail the research on educational and other programmes that deal with social problems, explaining which seem to work and why. He then offers positive and well-reasoned advice, suggesting that a renewed social ecology for America will rest on policies that balance "me thinking" with "we thinking".
Performance of Adults with Auditory Figure-Ground Disorders Under Conditions of Unilateral and Bilateral Ear Occlusion:

This study was designed to compare the effects oj unilateral and bilateral ear occlusion on performance of an auditory discrimination task in background noise in students with auditory figure-ground disorders. The results indicated that ear occlusion improved performance in the majority of subjects, and that unilateral occlusion effectively eliminated the auditory figure-ground disorder in most subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the desirability of prescribing unilateral ear occlusion in classroom situations for appropriately diagnosed students who have auditory figure-ground disorders, and in terms of the physiological functioning of the auditory system in figure-ground disorders.
Ice templating synthesis of low-density porous Cu–C nanocomposites

Controlled synthesis of porous metal–carbon nanocomposites is challenging. Here, we describe the fabrication of porous Cu–C nanocomposites by water-ice templating in an aqueous CuSO4 solution with a suspension of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. Upon the crystallization of water, the salt and carbon constituents segregate at grain boundaries of water crystallites. Freeze drying (vacuum desiccation) is used to remove water, creating pores. Final Cu–C composites are obtained by thermally-induced reduction of graphene oxide and decomposition of CuSO4. Pore walls in resultant Cu–C foams consist of a random network of reduced graphene oxide sheets and carbon nanotubes decorated with nearly spherical Cu nanoparticles with average diameters tunable in the range of ∼30–80 nm. With this approach, we demonstrate nanoporous Cu–C composites with an ultralow C matrix density of ≳5 mg cm−3 and controllable Cu loading in the range of ∼0–65 wt%. This versatile method could be extended to fabricate other nanoporous metal–carbon composites geared for specific applications. As an example, we demonstrate Ag–C nanocomposites by using AgNO3 instead of CuSO4.
Osteopontin is a potential target gene in mouse mammary cancer chemoprevention by Se-methylselenocysteine

Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) is a naturally occurring organoselenium compound that inhibits mammary tumorigenesis in laboratory animals and in cell culture models. Previously we have documented that MSC inhibits DNA synthesis, total protein kinase C and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 kinase activities, leading to prolonged S-phase arrest and elevation of growth-arrested DNA damage genes, followed by caspase activation and apoptosis in a synchronized TM6 mouse mammary tumor model. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of MSC against TM6 mouse mammary hyperplastic outgrowth (TM6-HOG) and to determine in vivo targets of MSC in this model system. Twenty mammary fat pads each from female Balb/c mice transplanted with TM6-HOG and fed with 0.1 ppm selenium and with 3 ppm selenium respectively, were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks after transplantation for growth spread, proliferative index and caspase-3 activity. Thirteen mice transplanted with TM6-HOG in each selenium group were observed for tumor formation over 23 weeks. Tumors from mice in both groups were compared by cDNA array analysis and data were confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. To determine the effect of MSC on the expression of the novel target gene and on cell migration, experiments were performed in triplicate. A dietary dose of 3 ppm selenium significantly reduced the growth spread and induced caspase-3 activity in mammary fat pads in comparison with mice fed with the basal diet (0.1 ppm selenium). The extended administration (23 weeks) of 3 ppm selenium in the diet resulted in a tumor incidence of 77% in comparison with 100% tumor incidence in 0.1 ppm selenium-fed animals. The size of TM6 tumors in the supplemented group was smaller (mean 0.69 cm2) than in the mice fed with the basal diet (mean 0.93 cm2). cDNA array analysis showed a reduced expression of osteopontin (OPN) in mammary tumors of mice fed with the 3 ppm selenium diet in comparison with OPN expression in tumors arising in 0.1 ppm selenium-fed mice. A 24-hour treatment of TM6 cells with MSC significantly inhibited their migration and also reduced their OPN expression in comparison with untreated cells. OPN is a potential target gene in the inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis by selenium.
Optimisation Of The Heteroepitaxy Of Ge On GaAs For Minority-Carrier Lifetime

Growth of Ge on GaAs at reasonably high temperatures, which produce better crystallinity in the Ge, presents serious difficulties due to the dissociation of the GaAs substrate. In this paper, we describe the growth of a lowtemperature buffer layer of Ge on GaAs that prevents decomposition of the GaAs during high-temperature growth of Ge. Using this approach, we present the first report of highly specular, mass-transport-limited high-temperature growth of Ge on GaAs that is comparable to the homoepitaxy of Ge. The factors affecting the minority-carrier lifetime of Ge on GaAs, using such an epitaxial growth technique, were studied with a non-invasive microwave technique. Lifetime variations, from very low values to about 0.45 μsec, were obtained as a function of the growth conditions. Significantly, the removal of the surface oxide on the GaAs substrate prior to low-temperature buffer-layer growth, terminating the flow of germane(GeH 4 ) during the ramp to high growth temperatures, thinner buffer layers, and high-temperature growth of Ge were found to be important for obtaining long lifetimes.
Pharmacologic Agents That Promote Airway Clearance in Hospitalized Subjects: A Systematic Review

Pharmacologic agents to promote mucus clearance may reduce the sequelae of obstructive secretions. We systematically reviewed comparative studies of pharmacologic agents for mucus clearance in hospitalized or postoperative subjects without cystic fibrosis and over 12 months of age. We searched MEDLINE and other databases from January 1970 to July 2014 to identify relevant literature. Two reviewers independently assessed each study against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers also independently extracted data regarding subject and intervention characteristics and outcomes and assigned overall quality ratings. The 9 studies meeting review criteria included 5 randomized controlled trials, 3 crossover randomized controlled trials, and one retrospective cohort study. Studies were small and together included a total of 379 subjects (mean of 42 subjects per study). N-acetylcysteine, heparin plus N-acetylcysteine, albuterol, ipratropium bromide, and saline were assessed. Studies reported no benefit of studied agents on expectoration, pulmonary function, and atelectasis and little effect on changes in sputum volume, weight, or viscosity. Adverse effects of agents were not consistently reported. Nausea was reported in 2 studies of N-acetylcysteine (one paper reported 2 experiments and did not clearly identify in which experiment adverse effects occurred), 3 studies reported that there were no adverse events, and 3 studies did not address adverse effects at all. Further research with clearly characterized populations and interventions is needed to understand the potential benefits and adverse effects of mucoactive agents.
Observations of the high vibrational levels of the B′′B̄ 1Σu+ state of H2

Double-resonance laser spectroscopy via the EF (1)Σg (+),v(')=6,J(')=0-2 state was used to probe the high vibrational levels of the B('')B (1)Σu (+) state of molecular hydrogen. Resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra were recorded by detecting ion production as a function of energy using a time of flight mass spectrometer. New measurements of energies for the v = 51-66 levels for the B('')B state of H2 are reported, which, taken with previous results, span the v = 46-69 vibrational levels. Results for energy levels are compared to theoretical close-coupled calculations [L. Wolniewicz, T. Orlikowski, and G. Staszewska, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 238, 118-126 (2006)]. The average difference between the 84 measured energies and calculated energies is -3.8 cm(-1) with a standard deviation of 5.3 cm(-1). This level of agreement showcases the success of the theoretical calculations in accounting for the strong rovibronic mixing of the (1)Σu (+) and (1)Πu (+) states. Due to the ion-pair character of the outer well, the observed energies of the vibrational levels below the third dissociation limit smoothly connect with previously observed energies of ion-pair states above this limit. The results provide an opportunity for testing a heavy Rydberg multi-channel quantum defect analysis of the high vibrational states below the third dissociation limit.
Decentralized Algorithm for Force Distribution With Applications to Cooperative Transport

We consider a system of cooperating robots transporting an object in which each individual robot is small and resource constrained and the number of robots is large precluding architectures that support a centralized coordination and control system. In nature, a swarm of ants can transport large payloads that are beyond the capability of individual organisms by using simple strategies that only require coordination with their immediate neighbors. We adopt a similar paradigm in which robots communicate with their immediate neighbors although the wireless communication links that are typical in small robots can be noisy and therefore not robust. We derive decentralized coordination algorithms that allow robots to converge to a load distribution system that is optimal in the sense of minimizing interaction forces while achieving the desired resultant wrench to allow manipulation and transport. We demonstrate the key ideas using simulations for 100 robots.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
What Residents Say About Communicating with Patients: A Preliminary Examination of Doctor-to-Doctor Interaction

ABSTRACTThis article describes the implementation and initial assessment of a training blog created within a family medicine department and used as a feedback mechanism for residents. First-year residents (n = 7) at a large private East Coast university hospital had an interaction with a patient recorded and posted to a training blog. The residents then watched this, and posted a reaction to their interaction with the patient. Within this reaction the residents offered self-reflection on the experience and were provided an opportunity to solicit advice from their colleagues to improve their communicative strategies and style. Once the reaction was posted to the blog, other residents watched the videotaped interaction, read the self-assessment written by the resident, and responded as part of their communication training. Content analysis of the messages suggests that the residents are socially skilled. They offer each other advice, provide each other with emotional and esteem social support, and use techn...
Probing Molecular Structures of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) at Buried Interfaces in Situ

Silicone materials such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are widely used in a variety of important applications such as polymer adhesives, packaging materials for microelectronics, polymer MEMS, microfluidics, biomedical implants, and marine antifouling coatings. In such applications, molecular structures of PDMS at buried interfaces will determine interfacial properties. Therefore, it is important to elucidate PDMS molecular structures at relevant buried interfaces. In this study, the interfacial structures of PDMS silicone elastomer in contact with silica and different polymer materials have been studied using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. It was found that the PDMS methyl groups are ordered at the buried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/PDMS and fused silica/PDMS interfaces. However, these methyl groups tend to adopt different orientations at different interfaces. Using the SFG spectral fitting results, the possible ranges of tilt angles and twist angles of PDMS methyl grou...
Victims of Circumstance: An Interpretation of Changing Attitudes Toward Republican Policy Makers and Reconstruction

W HO are the best hated men in American history? Until about 1960 Republican congressmen of the Reconstruction era probably held that title. They seem to have favored the right things. They fought to preserve the Union in the face of immense obstacles, destroyed slavery, protected defenseless freedmen, and expanded the constitutional liberties and rights of all Americans. During their own time, most educated northerners regarded them as the principal guardians of the nation. Yet historians generally have sharply, indeed, angrily criticized the methods and motives of Republican Reconstructors. Moreover, historians have condemned them virtually without trial. Historians have only begun to realize that, despite half a century of writing on Reconstruction, they know very little about the attitudes, actions, and aspirations of most Republican congressmen.' The reputation of the authors of Reconstruction first began to decline as war hatreds cooled and northern racism began to grow more intense. Respectable northerners who once had supported the Republican policy began to charge that Congress had inflicted undeserved penalties on southern whites and had bestowed unearned rights on uncomprehending southern blacks. Sensitive to these criticisms, several of the Republicans who had helped shape the policy attempted to justify their action.2 Their method was simple; they blamed their opponents. Republican congressmen, they insisted, had not hated white southerners. They had been concerned solely
What is a Stochastic Process

(1942). What is a Stochastic Process? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 648-653.
DNA Probes in Diagnostic Pathology

Molecular pathology has become firmly established as a distinctive discipline in medicine. It has introduced radical changes in concepts of disease causation and in classification of disease states affecting humans and other organisms. In addition, molecular pathology represents a "new" diagnostic technology with many potentials that have been heretofore untapped. This overview provides a discussion of the use of DNA probes in the study of human diseases. The role of detectable genetic abnormalities in pathogenesis will be considered, as well as their possible impact on nosology and disease classification.
Evaluation of growth, deposition of back fat, and loin muscle for purebred Berkshire pigs housed in bedded hoop buildings.

This study was conducted to evaluate the accretion of BW, back fat, and loin muscle from purebred Berkshire pigs raised in bedded hoop barns in Iowa. The growth of a total of 144 purebred Berkshire pigs (18 barrows and 18 gilts per trial) was evaluated from 4 trials (2 winter and 2 summer trials). Pigs were fed ad libitum utilizing a 5-phase standard corn-soybean meal feeding program that met or exceeded NRC nutrient requirements. Pigs were housed in bedded hoop barns (unheated) to approximate common niche market requirements. At 21-d intervals, pigs were serially weighed, and ultrasonic back fat depth and loin muscle area (LMA) measurements were taken. Live BW measurements began at the trial initiation at approximately 18 to 32 kg, but ultrasonic scans for 10th-rib back fat depth and LMA began at between 36 and 45 kg until market weight of about 122 ± 2.5 kg. The rate (µ) of live body growth (weight) and ultrasonic back fat depth were influenced ( 0.05) by trial and sex. Overall, barrows averaged 31 mm of back fat at 125 kg, whereas gilts had an average of about 23 mm at 121 kg of market weight. Results suggest that because of the sex differences in growth and back fat deposition between Berkshire barrows and gilts, it may be important to formulate their diets differently in commercial pork production systems.
Monitor results of fly density and its control measures from 2000～2006 in Haidian district

Objective To analyze the monitor results of fly density over a 7 year period in Haidian district,in order to provide scientific basis for making integrated prevention and control measures. Methods Tapping with lured food. Results Fly composition in Haidian district consisted of 3 families 7 genus,namely Helicophagella,Lucilia,Muscina,Calliphora,Musca,Chrysomya,Fannia,and proportions were 44.98%,19.68%,18.07%,7.43%,3.93%,2.69% and 1.51% respectively.Peak activity of flies was between May and August.Conclusion Control measures which combine integrated prevention and control measures in key areas of fly infestation,should be taken to effectively reduce fly density.
The Design of on-line Examination System Based on .NET Technology

The development of network technology and the rapidly growing popularity of the Internet,greatly promoted the development of online examination system.In this article.Net and SQL Server systems development environment,first of all on-line examination system needs analysis and system analysis and database design,the final study of the system in the pro-cess of key technologies,including random group title Volume and examination time limit to deal with.
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) expression in biopsies of colorectal carcinoma is a significant prognostic indicator

BACKGROUND: Predicting the outcome of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRCA) prior to surgery would be valuable in selecting high-risk individuals who may benefit from pre-operative adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study is to determine whether the expression of TGF-alpha in preoperative biopsies of patients with CRCA constitutes a significant prognostic indicator. METHODS: We studied the expression of TGF-alpha in preoperative biopsies of 106 patients with CRCA, who had at least 5 years follow-up, using an anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody and utilizing the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. For survival analysis, we used the actuarial survival method, and the Log Rank test for statistical significance. RESULTS: CRCAs with low TGF-alpha expression (less than 25% of the tumor cells immunoreactive for TGF-alpha) had a significantly poorer survival than those with high TGF-alpha expression (more than 25%). After excluding from analysis biopsies showing mucinous or poorly differentiated CRCA, known predictors of poor prognosis, the results remained significant (p = 0.0289). CONCLUSION: It is concluded, therefore, that low or absent expression of TGF-alpha in pre-operative biopsies of patients with CRCA, as detected by immunohistochemistry, is a significant predictor of an unfavorable outcome.
Discrete symmetries and chirality invariance in quantum field dynamics

The aim of the present paper is to discuss systematically the discrete symmetry operations on a quantized field in interaction; and to base the introduction of the new quantum number “chirality” for spinor fields on these symmetry properties. In the course of this investigation, several general results on the group of symmetry operations are proved and relation between certain sets of discrete symmetry operations and the spinor representation of the rotation group in 3 and 4 dimensions is established. An attempt has been made to present clearly the connection between additive and multiplicative quantum numbers, gauge transformations, unitary transformations and invariance laws. The chirality invariance of spinor fields in interaction is discussed in some detail. The emphasis throughout is on the systematic development rather than on details of application. The paper is divided into two parts, the first dealing with the general theory of discrete symmetry operations and the second concerned with chirality invariance for spinor fields.
Design and Implementation of a Scalable HPC Monitoring System

Over the past decade, platforms at Los AlamosNational Laboratory (LANL) have experienced large increases in complexity and scale to reach computational targets. The changes to the compute platforms have presented new challenges to the production monitoring systems in which they must not only cope with larger volumes of monitoring data, but also must provide new capabilities for the management, distribution, and analysis of this data. This schema must support both real-time analysis for alerting on urgent issues, as well as analysis of historical data for understanding performance issues and trends in systembehavior. This paper presents the design of our proposed next-generation monitoring system, as well as implementation details for an initial deployment. This design takes the form of a multi-stage data processing pipeline, including a scalable cluster for data aggregation and early analysis, a message broker for distribution of this data to varied consumers, and an initial selection of consumer services for alerting and analysis. We will also present estimates of the capabilities and scale required to monitor two upcoming compute platforms at LANL.
The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial

Background Plant-based diets can lower serum lipids. Whether soy foods offer additional benefits remains controversial. Objective To determine the effect of different protein sources on serum lipids and glucose metabolism, emphasizing comparisons between soy and nonsoy plant–based diets. Methods Secondary data analysis. A total of 173 postmenopausal women were randomized to 1 of 4 weighed metabolic diets for 6 weeks. Diets were equivalent in energy, protein, and fat with at least 80% of protein from either nondairy animal, dairy, nonsoy plant, or soy foods. At baseline and week 6, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, glucose, and insulin were measured. Changes in variables during the diet period were compared within and among groups using t tests and analysis of variance. Results TC decreased 38.8 mg/dL in soy group ( P P = .003 vs dairy, .03 vs animal). LDL decreased 28.3 mg/dL in soy group ( P P = .005 vs dairy, .06 vs animal). HDL decreased 12 mg/dL in soy group ( P = .003 vs dairy, .0008 vs animal) and 10 mg/dL in nonsoy plant group ( P = .05 vs dairy, .04 vs animal). There were no significant differences in lipid changes between soy and nonsoy plant–based diets. No differences among groups in changes in triglycerides, glucose, or insulin were seen. Conclusions Soy and nonsoy plant–based diets reduced TC and LDL with no significant difference between them. Further studies are needed to determine the specific lipid-lowering components of both soy and nonsoy plant foods.
The psychology of resilience: A model of the relationship of locus of control to hope among survivors of intimate partner violence.

Discussion continues within the literature on the precise definition of resilience, particularly as to whether resilience is best understood as a cognitive set or by external protective factors. To advance theory on the psychological dimensions of resilience, this study sought to explore the relatio
Spirituality as Foundation of Agency in Turbulent Economic Times

The changing meaning of work calls for care and concern for the spiritual dimension of the workplace. Toward this end, a more liberal form of workforce education and human resource development in response to workplace preparation for managers is needed.
Location of tumor affects local and distant immune cell type and number.

Introduction Tumors comprise heterogeneous populations of cells, including immune infiltrates that polarize during growth and metastasis. Our preclinical studies on breast cancer (BCa) identified functional differences in myeloid-derived suppressor cells based on tumor microenvironment (TME), prompting variations in host immune response to tumor growth, and dissemination based on tissue type. Methods In order to understand if such variations existed among other immune cells, and if such alteration occurs in response to tumor growth at the primary site or due to bone dissemination, we characterized immune cells, examining localized growth and in the tibia. In addition, immune cells from the spleen were examined from animals of both tumor locations by flow cytometry. Results The study demonstrates that location of tumor, and not simply the tumor itself, has a definitive role in regulating immune effectors. Among all immune cells characterized, macrophages were decreased and myeloid dendritic cell were increased in both tumor locations. This difference was more evident in subcutaneous tumors. Additionally, spleens from mice with subcutaneous tumors contained greater increases in both macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells than in mice with bone tumors. Furthermore, in subcutaneous tumors there was an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers, which was also observed in their spleens. Conclusions These data indicate that alterations in tumor-reactive immune cells are more pronounced at the primary site, and exert a similar change at the major secondary lymphoid organ than in the bone TME. These findings could provide translational insight into designing therapeutic strategies that account for location of metastatic foci.
Distal Forearm Fractures in Children: Complications and Surgical Indications

SUMMARY Appropriate indications for operative management of pediatric distal forearm fractures include 1. Compartment syndrome for fasciotomy 2. Open fractures for irrigation and debridement 3. Soft tissue/nerve entrapment 4. Displaced intra-articular physeal fractures 5. Displaced or angulated fractures when the patient is close to skeletal maturity 6. Correction of physeal arrest with malalignment or malrotation 7. Gross displacement with cosmetic deformity
Poor anaerobic power/capability and static balance predicted prospective musculoskeletal injuries among Soldiers of the 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Division.

Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries have negatively impacted tactical readiness. The identification of prospective and modifiable risk factors of preventable musculoskeletal injuries can guide specific injury prevention strategies for Soldiers and health care providers. Objectives To analyze physiological and neuromuscular characteristics as predictors of preventable musculoskeletal injuries. Design Prospective-cohort study. Methods A total of 491 Soldiers were enrolled and participated in the baseline laboratory testing, including body composition, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power/capacity, muscular strength, flexibility, static balance, and landing biomechanics. After reviewing their medical charts, 275 male Soldiers who met the criteria were divided into two groups: with injuries (INJ) and no injuries (NOI). Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and significant predictors of musculoskeletal injuries (p Results The final multiple logistic regression model included the static balance with eyes-closed and peak anaerobic power as predictors of future injuries (p Conclusions The current results highlighted the importance of anaerobic power/capacity and static balance. High intensity training and balance exercise should be incorporated in their physical training as countermeasures.
Quantitative Raman microspectroscopy for water permeability parameters at a droplet interface bilayer

Using confocal Raman microspectroscopy, we derive parameters for bilayer water transport across an isolated nanoliter aqueous droplet pair. For a bilayer formed with two osmotically imbalanced and adherent nanoliter aqueous droplets in a surrounding oil solvent, a droplet interface bilayer (DIB), the water permeability coefficient across the lipid bilayer was determined from monitoring the Raman scattering from the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N stretching mode of K3Fe(CN)6 as a measure of water uptake into the swelling droplet of a DIB pair. We also derive passive diffusional permeability coefficient for D2O transport across a droplet bilayer using O-D Raman signal. This method provides a significant methodological advance in determining water permeability coefficients in a convenient and reliable way.