cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MDM2 Regulates Hypoxic Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Stability in an E3 Ligase, Proteasome, and PTEN-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-AKT-dependent Manner

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) is a heterodimeric transcription factor containing an inducibly expressed HIF1α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF1β subunit. Under hypoxic conditions, the HIF1α subunit accumulates because of a decrease in the rate of proteolytic degradation, and the resulting HIF1α–HIF1β heterodimers undergo post-translational modifications that promote transactivation. Previous reports suggest that amplified signaling through PI3K enhances HIF1-dependent gene expression; however, its role is controversial, and the mechanism is unclear. Using genetically engineered PTEN-deficient cell lines, we demonstrate that PTEN specifically inhibited the accumulation of HIF1α in response to hypoxia. Furthermore, we report that in glioblastoma cell lines, inhibition of PI3K pathway, using pan as well as isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors SF1126, PF4691502, BEZ-235, GDC0941, and TGX221 blocked the induction of HIF1α protein and its targets vascular endothelial growth factor, HK1, and GLUT1 mRNA in response to hypoxia. Herein, we describe the first evidence that HIF1α can be degraded under hypoxic conditions via the 26 S proteasome and that MDM2 is the E3 ligase that induces the hypoxic degradation of HIF1α. Moreover, the action of MDM2 on HIF1α under hypoxia occurs in the cytoplasm and is controlled by the PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling axis. These data strongly suggest a new role for PTEN in the regulation of HIF1α and importantly that PI3K-AKT activation is required for the hypoxic stabilization of HIF1α and that hypoxia alone is not sufficient to render HIF1α resistant to proteasomal cleavage and degradation. Moreover, these findings suggest new therapeutic considerations for PI3K and/or AKT inhibitors for cancer therapeutics.
Forms of Aggression and Peer Victimization During Early Childhood: A Short-term Longitudinal Study

A multi-informant and multi-measure short-term longitudinal study of the association between subtypes of aggression and peer victimization was conducted in an early childhood sample (M = 44.36 months; SD = 11.07; N = 120). Observational and teacher report measures demonstrated appropriate reliability and validity as well as stability across an academic year. Concurrent associations revealed that observed relational aggression was uniquely associated with teacher reported relational victimization and observed physical aggression was uniquely associated with teacher reported physical victimization. Prospective findings indicated that observed relational aggression predicted increases in teacher reported relational victimization for girls only, controlling for the variance associated with physical aggression, prosocial behavior, physical victimization, and gender. Peer rejection partially mediated the association between observed relational aggression at time 1 and teacher reported relational victimization at time 2. Ways in which these and other prospective findings extend the extant literature are discussed.
Development of surface orientation of YBa2Cu3O7−x as a function of particle size distribution, firing time and temperature

Abstract The degree of grain orientation on the surface of bars melt processed at temperatures from 1010 to 1050°C was observed for two precursor powders having different particle size distributions. For the coarse powder, surface texture increases as a function of temperature to 1030°C and then levels off. For the fine powder, maximum orientation was achieved at 1020°C. The effect of firing time was evaluated by holding specimens at 1030°C for up to five hours. The degree of orientation increased for the first couple of hours and then leveled off. In most cases, the surface grain alignment of the coarse specimens was significantly higher than that of the fine samples. The difference in microstructure is related to particle size distribution after being reproduced to a statistically significant level and are related to particle size distribution.
Voltage-induced pore formation and hemolysis of human erythrocytes.

Abstract Isotonic suspensions of human erythrocytes were exposed to single electric pulses of intensity at a few kV/cm and duration in microseconds. Upon pulsation, the cell membranes became permeable to Na + and K + , and the erythrocytes eventually hemolysed through the colloid osmotic effect of hemoglobin. The enhanced permeability is attributed to the formation of pores in the cell membranes. These pores are formed within a fraction of a microsecond, once the transmembrane potential induced by the applied electric field reaches a critical value of 1.0 V. Increased field intensity and pulse duration, or pulsation at low ionic strengths all expand the pore size, leading to an accelerated hemolysis reaction. In contrast to this expansion process, the initial step of pore formation is governed solely by the magnitude of the transmembrane potential: the critical value of the potential stays essentially constant in media of different ionc strengths, nor does it change appreciably with varying pulse duration. An abrupt increase in membrane permeability at a transmembrane potential around 1 V has been observed in many cellular systems. It is suggested that a similar mechanism of pore formation may apply to these systems as well.
Numerical properties of high order discrete velocity solutions to the BGK kinetic equation

A high order numerical method for the solution of model kinetic equations is proposed. The new method employs discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations in the spatial and velocity variables and Runge-Kutta discretizations in the temporal variable. The method is implemented for the one-dimensional Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation. Convergence of the numerical solution and accuracy of the evaluation of macroparameters are studied for different orders of velocity discretization. Synthetic model problems are proposed and implemented to test accuracy of discretizations in the free molecular regime. The method is applied to the solution of the normal shock wave problem and the one-dimensional heat transfer problem.
Processing techniques for software based SAR processors

Software SAR processing techniques defined to treat Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) data are reviewed. The algorithms are devised for the data processing procedure selection, SAR correlation function implementation, multiple array processors utilization, cornerturning, variable reference length azimuth processing, and range migration handling. The Interim Digital Processor (IDP) originally implemented for handling Seasat SAR data has been adapted for the SIR-B, and offers a resolution of 100 km using a processing procedure based on the Fast Fourier Transformation fast correlation approach. Peculiarities of the Seasat SAR data processing requirements are reviewed, along with modifications introduced for the SIR-B. An Advanced Digital SAR Processor (ADSP) is under development for use with the SIR-B in the 1986 time frame as an upgrade for the IDP, which will be in service in 1984-5.
A failure analysis case study: Structural steel sign post collapse

Abstract On May 30, 1987, a 10.1m structural steel sign post collapsed during a wind storm resulting in personal injuries to one person. Because of the injury and resulting litigation, an analysis of the steel post failure was required. The investigation, which began 21 months after the event, was hampered because the in-situ portion of the ruptured post had been capped with a welded steel plate and the remaining portion had been exposed to atmospheric corrosion. Even so, the combined evidence of site investigations, metallographic, mechanical properties, and stress analyses reveal a clear picture of the failure mode.
Clustering for contingency tables: Boxes and partitions

The correspondence analysis (CA) method appears to be an effective tool for analysis of interrelations between rows and columns in two-way contingency data. A discrete version of the method, box clustering, is developed in the paper using an approximation version of the CA model extended to the case when CA factor values are required to be Boolean. Several properties of the proposed SEFIT-BOX algorithm are proved to facilitate interpretation of its output. It is also shown that two known partitioning algorithms (applied within row or column sets only) could be considered as locally optimal algorithms for fitting the model, and extensions of these algorithms to a simultaneous row and column partitioning problem are proposed.
Partial-wave analysis of the π+π+π− system through the region of the A3 meson

A recent spin-parity analysis of the π+π+π− system formed opposite a proton and a coherent deuteron by incident 13 GeV/c2π+ mesons, is extended to a three-pion mass of 1.9 GeV/c. Relative proportions of the contributing partial waves are presented, from threshold, and the A3 region is discussed in detail. Contrary to results with the (3π)− system, a change in phase is noted for the 2− amplitude decaying to f0π+via am S-wave. The method employs the University of Illinois three-body partial-wave-analysis program.
Expression profiling of suppressive monocytes (CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg) in cancer patients

Meeting abstracts Immune evasion by suppression of host immunity is one of the major mechanisms that tumors use to promote its own survival. We have reported an abundance of immunosuppressive monocytes (CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg) in lymphoma (LYM), multiple myeloma (MM), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),
Child Care and Employed Parents of Children with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders.

Lack of appropriate child care is frequently reported by parents of children with disabilities as a major obstacle to finding and maintaining their employment. Care for children with emotional or behavioral disorders is particularly difficult to locate because child care providers often lack adequate training. Findings are presented from interviews with 60 parents employed a minimum of 30 hr per week and caring for at least one school-age child with an emotional or behavioral disorder. Child care arrangements were varied and complex, with parents often making adjustments daily to design suitable care plans for all children in the family. Parental stress levels and work limitations because of child care were associated with levels of work—family fit, flexibility, child care difficulty, and child care satisfaction. We suggest that availability and access to child care options and supports specific to the needs of their children may be essential for employed parents of children with emotional or behavioral d...
Education Alice 3: concrete to abstract

The innovative Alice 3 programming environment, currently in beta testing, teaches students to program with Alice and Java software.
Deficient calcitonin response to calcium stimulation in postmenopausal osteoporosis

Abstract To test whether mobilisation of immunoreactive calcitonin in response to calcium challenge is reduced in postmenopausal osteoporosis, seventeen postmenopausal osteoporotic women with compression fractures and ten normal agematched women were given intravenous infusions of 3 mg/kg elemental calcium over a 10 min period. Blood samples were obtained 5 min before and at 0, 10, 20, and 60 min after start of infusion for the measurement of serum calcium and plasma immunoreactive calcitonin. Serum calcium increased significantly from baseline in both normal and osteoporotic groups; immunoreactive calcitonin increased significantly in the controls 10 min and 20 min after the start of infusion, but in the women with osteoporosis calcitonin levels did not change significantly at any time. 20 min after the start of infusion the change in immunoreactive calcitonin from baseline was significantly less in osteoporotic women than in the controls. These data are consistent with a decreased immunoreactive calcitonin response to calcium infusion in postmenopausal osteoporotic women, and suggest that calcitonin deficiency may be involved in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Finitely Presented Metabelian Groups

My objective here today is to describe what is known about the defining relations of finitely generated metabelian groups. This is not a difficult task because very little is known and much of what is known is of very recent origin. Despite this meagre knowledge, the results obtained so far suggest that the theory of finitely presented solvable groups is far richer than one might have suspected. It is for this reason that I have chosen to discuss finitely presented metabelian groups at this time.
Fast dynamically updatable packet classifier on FPGA

Packet classification requires multiple fields of the packet header to be matched against entries in a prioritized table; it is still challenging to support dynamic updates for packet classification without sacrificing throughput performance. In this paper, we present a high-throughput pipelined architecture for packet classification on FPGA supporting dynamic updates of the rule set. This architecture is based on Dynamic Bit Vector (Dynamic-BV) approach and supports modify, delete and insert operations during run-time with very little impact on sustained throughput. Experimental results show that, for a 1K rule set on a state-of-the-art FPGA, a throughput of 120 Gbps with 1 million updates/second can be sustained using a single pipeline.
Overexpanded Two-Dimensional Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Performance, Effects of Three-Dimensional Flow Interactions

This paper presents computational results for the  ow eld, surface pressure distribution, and internal thrust coef cient of a two-dimensional convergent – divergent nozzle, and compares them with existing experimental results over a range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs), including overexpanded conditions. The numerical simulations are based on the implicit solution of the compressible Navier – Stokes equations and the two-equation kturbulence model in conservation law form and general curvilinear coordinates. The solution domain is extended laterally outside the nozzle as well as upstream and downstream of the nozzle exit to simulate the effects of external interactions. Computational results indicate that at overexpanded conditions,  ow entrainment into the nozzle occurs mostly over the  aps, and that a strong secondary  ow traverses the endwalls, behind the shock. Strategies for  ow prediction accuracy and computational ef ciency over a wide range of overexpanded NPRs are recommended, based on the assessment of computational results from both three-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations.
Cluster Dynamics in Flow of Suspended Particles in Microchannels

Cluster dynamics in microchannels due to flow of dilute suspensions of polystyrene spherical particles has been studied experimentally. Cluster-cluster interaction as well as the functional dependence of cluster growth rate on several control parameters has been studied. Destructive, e.g. cluster collision, and constructive modes, e.g. cluster merging, of cluster-cluster interaction have been observed. Cluster growth rate with time is found to increase with either particle concentration or shear strain rate, and decrease with channel-height to particle-diameter ratio.
Thermal design for the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby spacecraft

The mission overview of the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) spacecraft, which is planned to rendezvous with Comet Kopff in 1998, is presented, together with the CRAF mission trajectory. The preliminary thermal design of the CRAF spacecraft is discussed, with emphasis placed on the Low Precision Pointing Platform, Bus, Propulsion Module, and Comet Penetrator, the thermal design of which was impacted most by the comet environment. Model simulations showed the design of the bus and the propulsion module subsystems to be adequate. Configuration diagrams are included.
Anti-epidermal-cell-surface pemphigus antibody detaches viable epidermal cells from culture plates by activation of proteinase.

Abstract Immunoglobulin from pemphigus patients binds to the surface of mouse epidermal cells in culture. Cells incubated with the pemphigus antibody are easily detached from culture plates whereas cells incubated with serum from normal patients remain on the plate. Pemphigus antibody-mediated cell detachment is blocked by the addition of the proteinase inhibitors soybean trypsin inhibitor and alpha2-macroglobulin to the culture media. Detachable cells are viable, and activation of the complement cascade is not necessary for cell detachment. The anti-cell-surface antibody of pemphigus appears to disrupt adhesion between viable epidermal cells by activation of proteinase.
Matrix-immobilized organoclay for the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol from groundwater.

Abstract Sorbent materials consisting of organoclay immobilized onto the surface of a solid support were evaluated for use in pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) remediation of groundwater at a creosote-contaminated Superfund site. Cetylpyridinium-exchanged low pH montmorillonite clay (CP-LPHM) was bonded to either sand (CP-LPHM/sand) or granular activated carbon (GAC) (CP-LPHM/GAC) using the free acid form of carboxymethylcellulose as an adhesive. Effluent from an oil–water separator was eluted through equal bed volumes of composite (4 g 3:2 CP-LPHM/GAC or 13 g CP-LPHM/sand), affinity-extracted, and quantitatively analyzed by GC/MS. PCP, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and total PAHs were initially reduced by both CP-LPHM/GAC (⩾99%, 61%, 99%, ⩾99%, 97%, and 94%, respectively) and CP-LPHM/sand (90%, 70%, 94%, 95%, 93%, and 86%, respectively). Complete breakthrough of naphthalene occurred after approximately 15 h of elution through 3:2 CP-LPHM/GAC and 22 h through CP-LPHM/sand. PCP showed complete breakthrough following 18 h of elution through 3:2 CP-LPHM/GAC and 26 h through CP-LPHM/sand. However, 50% breakthrough was not attained for higher molecular weight PAHs, as fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and chrysene continued to be greatly reduced with both 3:2 CP-LPHM/GAC (98%, 95%, 94%, and 95%, respectively) and CP-LPHM/sand (75%, 73%, 76%, and 78%, respectively) after 48 h of continuous elution. Results confirm prior studies, indicating that these organoclay-containing composites have a high capacity for contaminants found in wood preserving waste. Further, results suggest that the inclusion of CP-LPHM may be useful as part of an effective strategy for groundwater remediation of high concentrations of PCP and PAHs, in particular high molecular weight and carcinogenic PAHs.
The Practice of Data Use: An Introduction

Data use, or drawing on and interacting with information in the course of decision making, has emerged as a key strategy intended to foster improvement in public schools and universities alike. A range of federal and state policies promotes it, most notably No Child Left Behind (Honig and Coburn 2008) and, more recently, the America Reinvestment and Recovery Act (US Department of Education 2009) and the Statewide Longitudinal Data System Grant Program (see http://nces.ed.gov/program/slds/index.asp). There are many foundation-funded initiatives to encourage it, including the national work of the Stupski Foundation and the Gates Foundation, which recently pledged over 12 million dollars to support investment in data systems and their implementation. In higher education, data use is increasingly required as part of accreditation processes (Council for Higher Education Accreditation 2006; Ewell 2008; Western Association for Schools and Colleges 2009). School districts across the country are investing in data systems to create enhanced access to data. They are also embarking on training to encourage teachers, principals, and district leaders to integrate attention to data in their ongoing practice (Datnow et al. 2007; Kerr et al. 2006; Marsh et al. 2006). There is a great deal of optimism on the part of those who promote data use, as well as on the part of many practitioners. Yet, in spite of all of the policy and reform activity focused on data use in education, empirical research on data use continues to be weak. In particular, we still have shockingly little research on what happens when individuals interact with data in their workplace settings. In this special issue, we present a series of articles that focus on uncovering and investigating the practice of data use: what actually happens when people in schools, school districts, and higher education interact with data in the
Cyclic Codes over Z4 of Oddly Even Length

Abstract This paper classifies all cyclic codes over Z 4 of length 2 n , n odd. Descriptions are given in terms of discrete Fourier transforms, generator polynomials, parity check matrices, and the concatenated ( a + b ∣ b ) construction. Some results about the minimum Lee weights of these codes are also included.
Effects of calcium and cyclic nucleotides on rat calcitonin and parathyroid hormone secretion

Abstract Recently we developed a system for studying concurrent secretion of calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in vitro from single rat thyroparathyroid gland complexes. In the present study, mechanisms involved in secretion of CT and PTH were explored by altering the medium [Ca] and by using the Ca antagonist, verapamil. We also re-examined the idea that cyclic nucleotides may help regulate secretion of these hormones and attempted to determine if effects of cyclic nucleotides might be altered by changes in medium [Ca]. Thyroparathyroid glands from 8-day-old rats were incubated in serum-free medium for 8 h, and CT and PTH levels in the medium were measured by radioimmunoassays. We show for the first time that: (1) although low [Ca] is well known to promote PTH release, some extracellular Ca is needed for PTH secretion to occur at a maximal rate; (2) inhibition of Ca entry into cells with verapamil mimics the effects of low medium Ca on both CT and PTH release; and (3) cyclic nucleotides may exert their effects on secretion of CT and PTH at least in part via effects on Ca entry into cells.
Anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat and its description by multivariate methods: how valid are principal components?

Principal components analyses of subcutaneous fat measurements covering arm, trunk, and leg areas of the body were performed on 44 samples varying in sex, age, and ethnicity of subjects; measurement technique; and number of sites studied. Three major components emerged, similar in all samples: A first component of obesity, a second component of anatomical fat distribution contrasting trunk and extremity fat, and a third distributional component contrasting leg and arm fat. These components did not appear to vary with age (school children to older adults), sex, ethnicity (Black-White), technique (caliper, ultrasound, or X-rays), or number of sites (five to 13). The three major components are similar to vectors of obesity and relative fat patterning reported earlier by anthroposcopic (Skerlj et al., 1953) and graphic (Garn, 1955) methods. One of the pattern components (trunk-extremity) appears to correspond to a body build continuum associated with adult chronic diseases (Vague, 1956). The stability of these components among samples that differ in several characteristics suggests the validity of these components in describing aspects of body build of anthropological and epidemiological importance.
Issues concerning collaborating careers

Abstract Male and female college students responded to stories about married physicians whose total income was greatest, respectively, when (1) the husband cared for the children, (2) the wife cared for the children, (3) either spouse cared for them, (4) the wife earned more than the husband, or (5) the husband earned more than the wife. A strong bias in favor of maternal child care was found in situations (2) and (3), while in situation (1) a majority of females favored paternal child care and males chose father and mother about equally. No aversion to the wife's earning more than the husband was found. The results were discussed in terms of their relevance to collaborating careers.
Reproducibility of the exponential rise technique of CO(2) rebreathing for measuring P(v)CO(2) and C(v)CO(2 )to non-invasively estimate cardiac output during incremental, maximal treadmill exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the indirect Fick method for the measurement of mixed venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (P vCO2) and venous carbon dioxide content (C vCO2) for estimation of cardiac output (Q c), using the exponential rise method of carbon dioxide rebreathing, during non-steady-state treadmill exercise. Ten healthy participants (eight female and two male) performed three incremental, maximal exercise treadmill tests to exhaustion within 1 week. Non-invasive Q c measurements were evaluated at rest, during each 3-min stage, and at peak exercise, across three identical treadmill tests, using the exponential rise technique for measuring mixed venous PCO2 and CCO2 and estimating venous-arterio carbon dioxide content difference (C v−aCO2). Measurements were divided into measured or estimated variables [heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), volume of expired carbon dioxide (VCO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ETCO2), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (P aCO2), venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (P vCO2), and C v−aCO2] and cardiorespiratory variables derived from the measured variables [Q c, stroke volume (V s), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (C a−vO2)]. In general, the derived cardiorespiratory variables demonstrated acceptable (R=0.61) to high (R>0.80) reproducibility, especially at higher intensities and peak exercise. Measured variables, excluding P aCO2 and C v−aCO2, also demonstrated acceptable (R=0.6 to 0.79) to high reliability. The current study demonstrated acceptable to high reproducibility of the exponential rise indirect Fick method in measurement of mixed venous PCO2 and CCO2 for estimation of Q c during incremental treadmill exercise testing, especially at high-intensity and peak exercise.
El Nino effects on hydrogen ion concentration of a California reservoir

Hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], of discharge water from Pardee reservoir in the central Sierra Nevada, California was greater than expected in years of El Nino occurrence over the period 1954–86. This pattern is in addition to the general increase in [H+] over the same period attributed to acidic atmospheric deposition. Monthly means of [H+] also show differences between El Nino and non-El Nino years. Total annual runoff does not seem to be a controlling factor; the source and timing of storms are probably more important. Storms are usually from the west or northwest, but during El Nino years tropical-like storms from a more-southerly direction appear to carry acidic pollutants to the central Sierra Nevada.
Evaluation of granular activated carbon technology for the removal of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from drinking water.

This study evaluated granular activated carbons (GACs) using rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) on methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) levels from 20 to 2000 microg/L, with or without the presence of tert-butyl alcohol, benzene, toluene, p-xylene (BTX) in two groundwater (South Lake Tahoe Utility District [Lake Tahoe, CA] and Arcadia Well Field [Santa Monica, CA]) and a surface water source (Lake Perris, CA). Direct comparison between two GACs was made for RSSCTs conducted with surface water from Lake Perris. The impact of natural organic matter on GAC performance was investigated and found to correspond with total organic carbon concentration in the three source waters. Significant reduction in GAC performance for MTBE due to competitive adsorption from soluble fuel components (e.g., BTX) was observed. Little or no difference in GAC usage rate or bed life was detected as the empty-bed contact time is changed from 10 to 20 min for RSSCTs conducted in the two groundwater sources, whereas the RSSCTs conducted in the surface water source exhibited significant increase in GAC usage rate as the empty-bed contact time is decreased from 20 to 10 min. This finding suggests that the higher NOM content of the surface water over the groundwater sources caused a greater competitive-adsorption effect that made more sites on the GAC to be unavailable to MTBE, thus decreasing its rate of adsorption and GAC performance for MTBE. Finally, the impact of differential influent MTBE concentration on GAC performance was demonstrated.
Self-rising approach to synthesize hierarchically porous metal oxides

Abstract Hierarchically porous metal oxides are prepared using a novel self-rising approach. The method is ‘hard-template’ free and relatively easy to perform, utilizes inexpensive precursors and processing conditions, and is versatile, thus offering tremendous opportunities with a wide variety of conditions to explore to synthesize single or mixed metal oxides with hierarchically porous structures. Fe 2 O 3 , Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 , LaFeO 3 , LaCoO 3 , and La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3 have been successfully synthesized while Fe 2 O 3 and La 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3 as examples for single and mixed metal oxides have been studied in detail. Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 has been applied as electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells, showing good sinterability and high conductivity. A tentative scheme is provided to illustrate the pore formation mechanism using the self-rising approach.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE FOR AUTECOLOGICAL STUDY OF A UNICELLULAR BLUEGREEN ALGA12

Fluorescent antibody (FA) preparations were developed and tested as an approach to recognition and enumeration of a specific unicellular bluegreen alga in a natural ecosystem. Antibodies made against an axenic culture of Synechococcus cedrorum Nag. gave a high agglutination titer and an excellent homologous staining reaction. Antibody specificity was tested with 28 heterologous cultures of bluegreen algae, known cultures of chemoautotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, and randomly selected unknown bacteria from soil, sewage and aquatic habitats. FA staining of bluegreen algae was restricted to S. cedrorum and six heterologous isolates, all indistinguishable microscopically from S. cedrorum. The ability to enumerate S. cedrorum FA-reactive cells in nature was demonstrated with data on population densities for samples taken from water columns of stratified holomictic lakes in northcentral Minnesota.
Pilot study: The influence of cultural components on breast cancer patients’ perceptions of their support systems

The purpose of this pilot study was (a) to examine the influence of cultural components on Japanese, Indian, and American breast cancer patients’ (BCP) perception of their immediate support systems and (b) to identify their preferences for and perception of their immediate support systems. This pilot study was intended to lay the groundwork for a follow‐up in‐depth study of these issues. The study focused on Japanese BCP's perception of their immediate support systems and reported the findings of a pilot study conducted on Indian and American BCPs. The cultural focus of the study by necessity involves a description of some of the general characteristics of the 3 cultures. This study was based on a questionnaire that contained objective as well as open‐ended items. Participants were interviewed either face‐to‐face or by telephone. The responses of the participants were interpreted by using a descriptive design. The findings supported the contention that cultural factors do affect BCPs’ perception of their ...
Optimizing Hybrid Nanocrystal/Polymer Photovoltaics through Ligand Choice

Photovoltaic devices made from blended cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals with various capping ligands and poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) were prepared. The effects of capping ligands were investigated. We find that capping ligands dominate morphology/phase separation.
Magnetic properties of gadolinium and terbium nanoparticles produced via multilayer precursors

Gd and Tb nanoparticles were obtained via annealing of sputtered multilayer precursors. Detailed structural examination, involving energy-filtered imaging and high-resolution electron microscopy along with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques, revealed an island structure for the rare earths within the precursors, which further develops to nanoparticles upon annealing. A dramatic change in the magnetic characteristics of the nanoparticles is observed comparing to the bulk. Magnetic data are discussed to distinguish between true size effects and superparamagnetism. The obtained results give a credit to the former scenario.
Sediment toxicity to a marine infaunal amphipod: Cadmium and its interaction with sewage sludge

Abstract The acute toxicity of cadmium to the marine infaunal amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius , was determined separately in sediment and seawater. Most cadmium added to test sediment was bound to particles and less than 5% was dissolved in interstitial water. The LC 50 based on cadmium concentration in interstitial water was similar to the LC 50 based on cadmium concentration in seawater without sediment. Cadmium in interstitial water, rather than that bound to particles, therefore appears responsible for acute sediment toxicity to this species. The addition of small quantities of sewage sludge or an increase in the proportion of the fine fraction of sediment particles significantly reduced the toxicity of cadmium in sediment. Binding of cadmium by sediment particles may explain the presence of phoxocephalid amphipods at sites where sewage and metal pollution occur together. The cadmium sensitivity of R. abronius is similar to that of several marine invertebrates commonly used in seawater bioassays. This amphipod is a useful test species for sediment bioassays used in research, monitoring and regulatory programs.
Self-alignment and instability of waveguides induced by forces of guided and radiated fields

We discuss a new effect of optical forces, namely, the self-alignment or instability of two parts of a waveguide broken by an offset and a gap. Using a mode matching technique, we investigate the case where there is no gap and only an offset. It is shown that for a TE incident mode, self-alignment occurs for small values of the waveguide thickness, whereas for large values, the system is unstable. For a TM incident mode, however, the situation is reversed and the two parts tend to self-align for large values of the waveguide thickness. It is also shown that the forces are due to the presence of both radiation modes, generated by the discontinuity, and the guided mode. For a TM incident mode, polarization surface charges are formed, that may cause strong self-alignment forces in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
Quantitation of oil red O staining of the aorta in hypercholesterolemic rats

A technique is described which provides morphologic and quantitative data on the amount of oil red O (ORO) staining in thoracic aortas of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Samples are stained with ORO, the dye is extracted, and the concentration of ORO in the extract is measured colorimetrically. Wistar rats fed ad libitum either standard chow (control group: n = 15) or chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, and 0.5% thiouracil (CCT group: n = 23) were maintained on these diets for 1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months. Plasma cholesterol levels averaged overall 87 and 737 mg/dl for the control and CCT groups, respectively. Animals were killed under anesthesia by perfusion fixation with formalin or glutaraldehyde, and samples of thoracic aorta were stained with ORO. After microscopic study en face and measurement of surface area, the ORO was extracted in chloroform-methanol (2:1). Concentrations of ORO (microM) were determined from a standard curve and expressed as microM/mm2 of aorta. Aortas of CCT animals showed progressive diet- and time-dependent increases in the amount of ORO staining compared to controls. We conclude that this method yields reliable quantitative data applicable to studying atherosclerosis in small animals.
Symmetrized partial-wave method for density-functional cluster calculations

The computational advantage and accuracy of the Harris method is linked to the simplicity and adequacy of the reference-density model. In an earlier paper, we investigated one way the Harris functional could be extended to systems outside the limits of weakly interacting atoms by making the charge density of the interacting atoms self-consistent within the constraints of overlapping spherical atomic densities. In the present study, a method is presented for augmenting the interacting atom charge densities with symmetrized partial-wave expansions on each atomic site. The added variational freedom of the partial waves leads to a scheme capable of giving exact results within a given exchange-correlation approximation while maintaining many of the desirable convergence and stability properties of the original Harris method. Incorporation of the symmetry of the cluster in the partial-wave construction further reduces the level of computational effort. This partial-wave cluster method is illustrated by its application to the dimer ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$, the hypothetical atomic cluster ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{8}$, and the benzene molecule.
Theoretical effects of transmitter persistence on synaptic transfer function

Abstract A computer simulation of neuronal functioning was designed, based on the work of Rall [8–10] and Perkel [7], in order to model facilitative effects produced by repetitive stimulation of single synaptic relays. The results indicate that transfer functions of single synaptic relays at which significant neurotransmitter summation takes place are approximately described by power functions. Simulated input took the form of trains of pairs of stimuli, and trains of evenly spaced stimuli, in which the inter-pair ( C-C ) and intra-pair ( C-T ) intervals were parametrically varied.
From Coverage to Action: The Immigration Debate and Its Effects on Participation

The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of media stories about immigration as a result of increases in authorized and unauthorized immigration to the United States. Scholars know little about how this coverage influences political participation across different groups in society. This study employs an experimental design to test the effects of different media frames on immigration in spurring political participation among recent immigrant-rooted communities and non-immigrant-rooted communities. The authors find strong mobilizing effects among Latinos, particularly for frames that highlight social costs and national security concerns, and weak to no effects on Asians, African Americans, and whites.
Smooth quantile estimators under strong mixing: necessary and sufficient conditions on bandwidth for weak convergence☆

Abstract We study the smooth quantile estimator Q (p), 0 based on a kernel k and a sequence of bandwidth an>0 for a sequence of stationary strong mixing random variables. Under minimal assumptions on the underlying distribution function F and kernel k, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions on an for the Central Limit Theorem to hold for Q (p), 0 . Our results extend the Central Limit Theorems of Ralescu and Sun (J. Statist. Plann. Inference 35 (1993) 55) and Sen (J. Multivariate Anal. 2 (1972) 77).
Incidence and predictors of cardiac perforation after permanent pacemaker placement

Background Pericardial effusion, a sign of cardiac perforation, may complicate permanent pacemaker placement. Risk factors for development of post-permanent pacemaker effusion have not been evaluated. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of symptomatic pericardial effusion after permanent pacemaker placement. Methods The Mayo Clinic pacemaker and echocardiogram databases were cross-referenced. From 1995 to 2003, 4,280 permanent pacemakers were implanted. Fifty (1.2%) patients developed significant effusion and symptoms consistent with perforation. They were randomly matched with 100 patients without effusion after permanent pacemaker placement. Results The strongest predictors of postimplant effusion by univariate analysis were the concomitant use of a temporary transvenous pacemaker (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–6.2, P = .001) or steroid use within 7 days prior to implant (HR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–10, P = .003). Weaker predictors were use of helical screw ventricular leads, body mass index (BMI) 35 mmHg (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.44–0.97, P = .01) or BMI >30 (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.93, P = .01). Multivariate predictors were use of temporary pacemaker (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4–3.9, P = .01), helical screw leads (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-3.8, P = .04), and steroids (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–5.4, P = .04). Right ventricular systolic pressure >35 mmHg was the only protective factor (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50–0.92, P = .02). Conclusion The incidence of postimplant effusions is low. In order to minimize periprocedural permanent pacemaker effusions, temporary pacemaker placement should be avoided unless essential, and particular care should be taken when placing a permanent pacemaker in patients who are taking steroids.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid, salt, and sodium tripolyphosphate on physical, sensory, and instrumental color characteristics of beef striploins.

USDA Select striploins (IMPS 180; n= 24) were cut into thirds (anterior, medial, and posterior) and assigned to 1 of 8 treatments utilizing a randomized incomplete block design. Treatments included (1) control (C); (2) 1.5% conjugated linoleic acid (conjugated linoleic acid = CLA) (CGA); (3) 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate (PHO); (4) 0.5% salt (SAL); (5) 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.5% salt (SPH); (6) 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.5% CLA (PCL); (7) 0.5% salt, 1.5% CLA (SCL); and (8) 0.4% sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.5% salt, 1.5% CLA (SPC). Treatments were injected with solutions to 110% (10% pump) of their original weight. Treatments with CLA had higher (P 0.05) from the non-CLA treatments. Day was a significant source of variability for a*, b*, and saturation index. Treatment x day interactions were significant (P < 0.05) for hue angle and L* values. These data suggest that inclusion of CLA can increase amounts of CLA isomers without major deleterious effects to instrumental, physical, and quality characteristics of beef striploin steaks.
Perspectives on Optimizing Trial Design and Endpoints in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Case for Imaging-Based Surrogates as Endpoints of Functional Efficacy

Surrogate endpoints are important for validation of mechanism, early proof of concept, and the rational design of clinical trials for regulatory approval of drugs. The recent failure of several drugs in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in atherosclerosis highlights the importance of understanding drug effect and is a clarion call for better endpoints. This review focuses on aspects relating to the current state of surrogate endpoints in PAD and reviews emerging endpoints using imaging approaches that may have the potential of improving study design in PAD.
Portable AOTF Raman integrated Tunable Sensor (RAMiTS) for chemical and biosensing

This paper describes the development of a compact, self-contained, and portable Raman Integrated Tunable Sensor (RAMiTS) for chemical and biosensing. The RAMiTS consists of a frequency-stabilized diode laser for excitation, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for wavelength discrimination, and an avalanche photodiode (APD) for detection. It can provide direct identification and quantitative analysis of chemical and biological samples in a few seconds under field conditions. Instrument control and data acquisition was coordinated by software developed in house using the C language. Evaluation of this instrument was performed by analyzing several model compounds and the high spectral resolution of this instrument was demonstrated by the discrimination of several structurally similar molecules (benzene, toluene and naphthalene) as well as m-, o-, p- isomers of xylene. The potential applications of the RAMiTS coupled with the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents will also be discussed in this paper.
Entry coordination in auctions and social welfare: An experimental investigation

Most of the literature on auctions with endogenous entry assumes that, in equilibrium, the number of entrants is deterministic. We discuss a series of experiments designed to test the alternative hypothesis that, even in equilibrium, the number of entrants is stochastic. This distinction has strong implications for auction performance, the design of optimal mechanisms, and social welfare. Our results strongly reject the hypothesis of deterministic entry and tend to confirm the alternative hypothesis that entry is stochastic.
Radiation Delivery in Patients Undergoing Therapeutic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

Although guidelines exist for radiation delivery in the setting of mastectomy or breast-conservation therapy, radiation delivery after nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) remains variable. Our goal is to determine whether patients who undergo therapeutic NSM are more likely to receive radiation than patients who undergo non-NSM and whether National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for radiation after mastectomy are observed in NSM patients. Female patients who underwent NSM or non-NSM for breast cancer from 2006 to 2010 were isolated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate analysis stratified by tumor size and lymph node status, and multivariate analyses were used to compare odds of radiation in NSM and mastectomy patients. Adherence to NCCN guidelines based on tumor size and lymph node status was also investigated. A total of 112,817 patients were included: 470 (0.4 %) underwent NSM, and 112,347 (99.6 %) underwent non-NSM. NSM patients with 0 nodes/size ≤2 cm, 0 nodes/size 2–5 cm, and unexamined axilla/size ≤2 cm had higher odds of radiation when compared with size- and node-matched mastectomy patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that NSM patients had higher odds of radiation (odds ratio 2.01, p < 0.001) than mastectomy patients. Radiation was given to 18 % of NSM patients who did not meet NCCN guidelines according to size or lymph node involvement, compared with 6 % of mastectomy patients. Patients who undergo therapeutic NSM are more likely to receive radiation compared with mastectomy patients. This may reflect a concern with leaving ductal tissue in the nipple-areolar complex.
Learning to Manage Intergroup Dynamics in Changing Task Environments: An Experiential Exercise

This article describes an exercise that allows participants to experience the challenges of managing intergroup behavior as an organization’s task environment grows and becomes more complex. The ar...
From the physical to the psychological: Mundane experiences influence social judgment and interpersonal behavior

Mere physical experiences of warmth, distance, hardness, and roughness are found to activate the more abstract psychological concepts that are analogically related to them, such as interpersonal warmth and emotional distance, thereby influencing social judgments and interpersonal behavior without the individual's awareness. These findings further support the principle of neural reuse in the development and operation of higher mental processes.