cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The MNC as an agent of change for host-country institutions: FDI and corruption

Most empirical research examines how the institutional environment of corruption shapes the behavior of multinational corporations (MNCs). In this study, we would like to highlight the other side of the picture: how the presence of MNCs may shape the institutional environment of corruption over time. We propose three avenues through which the MNCs may have an impact on its host institutions: regulatory pressure effect, demonstration effect, and professionalization effect. Based on extensive data on foreign direct investment and corruption for a large sample of countries over the last 30 years, the empirical results are generally consistent with our hypothesis. Such findings provide a glimmer of hope for the future of the host country where corruption is prevalent.
Self-maintenance and engineering immune systems: Towards smarter machines and manufacturing systems

Abstract This paper discusses the state-of-the-art research in the areas of self-maintenance and engineering immune systems (EIS) for machines with smarter adaptability to operating regime changes in future manufacturing systems. Inspired by the biological immune and nervous systems, the authors are introducing the transformation of prognostics and health management (PHM) to engineering immune systems (EIS). First, an overview on PHM is introduced. Its transformation toward resilient systems, self-maintenance systems, and engineering immune systems is also discussed. Finally, new concepts in developing future biological-based smarter machines based on autonomic computing and cloud computing are discussed.
Lithographic Properties of Poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-Based Block and Random Copolymer Resists Designed for 193 nm Wavelength Exposure Tools

Block and random copolymers were prepared using the monomers tert-butyl methacrylate and [3-(methacryloxy)propyl]pentamethyldisiloxane. The polymers have low absorption at 193 nm wavelength, making them attractive candidates for 193 nm wavelength imaging. The resists have a high resistance to oxygen reactive ion etching, making them suitable for the imagable layer of a bilevel resist system. After exposure, the block copolymers have better development behavior in aqueous base than that of the corresponding random copolymers even though they have a long hydrophobic siloxane block.
Separation shock motion in fin, cylinder, and compression ramp - Induced turbulent interactions

In conjunction with new experimental results at Mach 5, an examination has been made of published data on unsteadiness of shock-induced turbulent boundary-layer separation. The data are all wall pressure fluctuation measurements made under the unsteady separation shock and are from interactions induced by compression ramps, blunt and sharp fins, and circular cylinders. There is little evidence of a link between the separation shock zero-crossing frequency and characteristic frequency of the incoming boundary layer. The low shock frequencies and low shock speeds, and the trends with changes in model geometric parameters and incoming boundary layer, suggest that turbulent or global fluctuations at the upstream boundary of the separated flow drive the shock motion.
A Hybrid Approach for Scattering of Elastic Waves by Three-Dimensional Irregularities of Arbitrary Shape

A hybrid technique is developed for studying scattering of elastic waves by non-axisymmetric three-dimensional near-surface inhomogeneities. The technique combines an indirect boundary integral equation method with the finite element approach. Special emphasis is placed on inhomogeneities in the form of dipping layers embedded in a half-space and subjected to plane incident P, SV, SH, and Rayleigh wavesThe accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid technique are examined through several numerical examples. The comparisons with the results obtained by a boundary integral equation method validate the accuracy of the hybrid technique. The versatility of the method is demonstrated by considering several types of inhomogeneous basins containing multiple horizontal and dipping layers. It is found that the numerical efficiency of the hybrid technique becomes much higher than that of the boundary integral equation methods as the structure of the inhomogeneities gets more complex.
Kinematics of the Secondary Eyewall Observed in Hurricane Rita (2005)

AbstractAirborne Doppler radar data collected from the concentric eyewalls of Hurricane Rita (2005) provide detailed three-dimensional kinematic observations of the secondary eyewall feature. The secondary eyewall radar echo shows a ring of heavy precipitation containing embedded convective cells, which have no consistent orientation or radial location. The axisymmetric mean structure has a tangential wind maximum within the reflectivity maximum at 2-km altitude and an elevated distribution of its strongest winds on the radially outer edge. The corresponding vertical vorticity field contains a low-level maximum on the inside edge, which is part of a tube of increased vorticity that rises through the center of the reflectivity tower and into the midlevels. The secondary circulation consists of boundary layer inflow that radially overshoots the secondary eyewall. A portion of this inflowing air experiences convergence and supergradient forces that cause the air to rise and flow radially outward back into th...
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and inflammation of actinic keratoses associated with sorafenib.

Background Sorafenib-induced dermatologic toxicity is common and consists primarily of dry skin, maculopapular rash, hand-foot skin reaction, and alopecia. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and inflammation of actinic keratosis (AK) were reported in 2 patients treated with sorafenib (Lacouture et al), but the scope of this observation has not been evaluated.
Resistance changes due to thermal coalescence in colloidal au/organic linker molecule multilayer films.

A decrease in the resistance of colloidal Au multilayer films was observed upon heating. These multilayer Au films were fabricated by a layer-by-layer approach, using Au colloids and a bifunctional linker molecule, 1,6 hexanedithiol (HD) on polymer substrates. The resistance of the film prior to heating was 1 MΩ. The films were heated at three different temperatures, 120, 160, and 180 °C. After heating for 12 h, the resistance decreased by 6 orders of magnitude to about 50 Ω. This decrease in resistance was faster at higher temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the unheated films revealed two S 2p peaks corresponding to the Au−S thiolate peak and an oxidized S peak. Upon heating, the relative intensity of the oxidized S peak increased and that of the Au−S peak decreased, indicating an oxidation and desorption of the linker molecules. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the heated films depict coalescence of the spherical Au particles into irregular shapes. The resistance decreas...
A Nonparametric Regression Approach to Syringe Grading for Quality Improvement

Abstract In the biomedical products industry, measures of the quality of individual clinical specimens or manufacturing production units are often available in the form of high-dimensional data such as continuous recordings obtained from an analytical instrument. These recordings are then examined by experts in the field who extract certain features and use these to classify individuals. To formalize and quantify this procedure, an approach for extracting features from recordings based on nonparametric regression is described. These features are then used to build a classification model that incorporates the knowledge of the expert. The procedure is illustrated with the problem of grading of syringes from associated friction profile data. Features of the syringe friction profiles used in the classification are extracted via smoothing splines, and grades of the syringes are assigned by an expert tribologist. A nonlinear classification model is constructed to predict syringe grades based on the extracted fe...
Teacher Expectations of Students' Classroom Behavior across the Grade Span: Which Social Skills are Necessary for Success?:

This study explored teachers' (N = 717) expectations of student behavior along school level (elementary vs. middle vs. high), program type (general vs. special education), and school type (high risk vs. low risk). Results indicated that all elementary and middle school teachers shared similar views regarding the importance of self-control skills, whereas high school special education teachers viewed self-control skills as significantly more important than did high school general education teachers. High school teachers rated assertion skills as significantly less important relative to elementary or middle school teachers. Results also indicated that teachers at high-risk schools viewed self-control and assertion skills as more critical for success than did teachers at low-risk schools.
Developing Linguistic Auditory Memory Patterns

Many learning handicapped children have impaired language associations, patterns, and expressions. This paper summarizes relevant linguistic research and instructional strategies. A number of linguistic auditory memory pattern (LAMP) exercises and examples are then presented as an integrated multi-sensory approach which has been found useful by special educators.
Switch-Mode Continuously Variable Transmission Prototype Design and Testing

,Energy consumption is a major issue for the global society. A hybrid drive train can significantly improve the energy efficiency of ground vehicles. The combination of high energy density and high power density make a flywheel hybrid system a promising option. A primary challenge of a flywheel hybrid system is coupling a high speed flywheel to a vehicle's drive train. A unique way of accomplishing this task is using a switch-mode continuously variable transmission (CVT), which is the mechanical analog of a DC-DC power electronics converter. Modeling and analysis were conducted of the major components of a full size passenger vehicle switch-mode CVT. This model was scaled down to allow for the design and manufacturing of a laboratory prototype. Experimental data taken from the prototype was used to verify proof-of-concept and quantify the nature and magnitude of system losses. The results demonstrate the correct operation of the system on a high level, but future work is required before reliable experimental data is acquired.
How do the water vapor and carbon monoxide ''tape recorders'' start near the tropical tropopause?

[1] This paper evaluates geo-seasonal relationships in tropical deep convection using radar and infrared data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), near tropopause thin clouds from Stratospheric Air and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, water vapor and carbon monoxide (CO) from the Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and the tropopause temperature from National Center of Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. Geo-seasonal variations in MLS water vapor at 146 hPa and 100 hPa are negatively correlated, which points to dehydration at the tropical tropopause. Water vapor at 146 hPa is highly correlated with tropical deep convection and thin clouds, but at 100 hPa it is more highly correlated with the tropopause temperature. There is a high correlation between the geo-seasonal variations of 14–16 km thin cloud and cold clouds from deep convection. However, at 16–18 km, thin clouds are highly correlated with the tropopause temperature as well as with deep convection. There is a semi-annual cycle in CO concentrations at 100 hPa and 146 hPa. The variability is consistent with the convolved seasonal variation of deep convection and surface biomass burning. The annual cycle of water vapor at 100 hPa correlates with the seasonal variability of “freezing and drying” between 146 hPa and 100 hPa, which in turn correlates with changes in tropopause temperature associated with deep convective lifting or large scale ascent.
Reactive oxygen species production via NADPH oxidase mediates TGF-β-induced cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells

Cytoskeletal alterations in endothelial cells have been linked to nitric oxide generation and cell-cell interactions. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been described to affect cytoskeletal rearrangement in numerous cell types; however, the underlying pathway is unclear. In the present study, we found that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have marked cytoskeletal alterations with short-term TGF-β treatment resulting in filipodia formation and F-actin assembly. The cytoskeletal alterations were blocked by the novel TGF-β type I receptor/ALK5 kinase inhibitor (SB-505124) but not by the p38 kinase inhibitor (SB-203580). TGF-β also induced marked stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within 5 min of TGF-β exposure. TGF-β stimulation of ROS was mediated by the NAPDH oxidase homolog Nox4 as DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and dominant-negative Nox4 adenovirus blocked ROS production. Finally, inhibition of ROS with ROS scavengers or dominant-negative Nox4 blocked the TGF-β effect on cytoskeleton changes in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our studies show for the first time that TGF-β-induced ROS production in human endothelial cells is via Nox4 and that TGF-β alteration of cytoskeleton in HUVEC is mediated via a Nox4-dependent pathway.
Unsupervised Discrimination of Clustered Data via Optimization of Binary Information Gain

We present the information-theoretic derivation of a learning algorithm that clusters unlabelled data with linear discriminants. In contrast to methods that try to preserve information about the input patterns, we maximize the information gained from observing the output of robust binary discriminators implemented with sigmoid nodes. We derive a local weight adaptation rule via gradient ascent in this objective, demonstrate its dynamics on some simple data sets, relate our approach to previous work and suggest directions in which it may be extended.
Broadband VHF radiometry with a notch-filtered antenna exhibiting a large impedance mismatch

VHF radiometry is employed in radio astronomy, ionospheric riometry, and in the measurement of signals and noise in communications applications. Accurate techniques for broadband VHF radiometry are well-known, however these techniques assume well-matched broadband antennas and/or receivers having real-valued input impedance over the bandwidth of interest. In this paper we demonstrate through theory and measurement the efficacy of accurate VHF radiometry over a large fractional bandwidth using a thin (thus, narrowband) dipole connected to a receiver whose first stage consists of notch filters that contribute significant and variable reactance throughout the passband. This technique facilitates the use of small antennas combined with aggressive notch filtering, resulting in compact systems that may be used in high-interference environments.
The schedule of destruction of three mitotic cyclins can dictate the timing of events during exit from mitosis.

Background Degradation of the mitotic cyclins is a hallmark of the exit from mitosis. Induction of stable versions of each of the three mitotic cyclins of Drosophila, cyclins A, B, and B3, arrests mitosis with different phenotypes. We tested a recent proposal that the destruction of the different cyclins guides progress through mitosis. Results Real-time imaging revealed that arrest phenotypes differ because each stable cyclin affects specific mitotic events differently. Stable cyclin A prolonged or blocked chromosome disjunction, leading to metaphase arrest. Stable cyclin B allowed the transition to anaphase, but anaphase A chromosome movements were slowed, anaphase B spindle elongation did not occur, and the monooriented disjoined chromosomes began to oscillate between the spindle poles. Stable cyclin B3 prevented normal spindle maturation and blocked major mitotic exit events such as chromosome decondensation but nonetheless allowed chromosome disjunction, anaphase B, and formation of a cytokinetic furrow, which split the spindle. Conclusions We conclude that degradation of distinct mitotic cyclins is required to transit specific steps of mitosis: cyclin A degradation facilitates chromosome disjunction, cyclin B destruction is required for anaphase B and cytokinesis and for directional stability of univalent chromosome movements, and cyclin B3 degradation is required for proper spindle reorganization and restoration of the interphase nucleus. We suggest that the schedule of degradation of cyclin A, cyclin B, and then cyclin B3 contributes to the temporal coordination of mitotic events.
Reconstruction of Paleoceanic PCO2 Levels from Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Sedimentary Biogenic Components

The principles and practice of reconstruction of concentrations of dissolved CO2 from carbon isotopic compositions of contemporaneous, coeval marine organic matter and carbonates are summarized here. Techniques for determination of the isotopic fractionation accompanying photosynthetic fixation of carbon are exemplified by three oceanic case histories. The northern Gulf of Mexico during the late Quaternary represents an environment with near-equilibrium distribution of CO2 between the atmosphere and ocean surface, whereas non-equilibrium conditions prevail in the central equatorial Pacific. The Black Sea, with surface waters buffered strongly by high concentrations of dissolved CO2 at depth, represents an exotic PCO2 environment. Consideration of a preliminary water-column model focussed on the loci of production of biogenic phases used for reconstruction of paleoceanic PCO2 illuminates some of the major issues to be considered as this technique is refined.
Impact of File Arrivals and Departures on Buffer Sizing in Core Routers

Traditionally, it had been assumed that the efficiency requirements of TCP dictate that the buffer size at the router must be of the order of the bandwidth (C)-delay (RTT) product. Recently this assumption was questioned in a number of papers and the rule was shown to be conservative for certain traffic models. In particular, by appealing to statistical multiplexing it was shown that on a router with N long-lived connections, buffers of size O(CxRTT)/radic(N) or even O(1) are sufficient. In this paper, we reexamine the buffer size requirements of core routers when flows arrive and depart. Our conclusion is as follows: if the core to access speed ratio is large, then O(1) buffers are sufficient at the core routers; otherwise, larger buffer sizes do improve the flow-level performance of the users. From a modeling point of view, our analysis offers two new insights. First, it may not be appropriate to derive buffer-sizing rules by studying a network with a fixed number of users. In fact, depending upon the core-to-access speed ratio, the buffer size itself may affect the number of flows in the system, so these two parameters (buffer size and number of flows in the system) should not be treated as independent quantities. Second, in the regime where the core-to- access speed ratio is large, we note that the O(1) buffer sizes are sufficient for good performance and that no loss of utilization results, as previously believed.
Utilization of Endo‐Polygalacturonase from Kluyveromyces fragilis in the Clarification of Apple Juice

Endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG) from Khyveromyces fragilis produced on whey was used for the clarification of apple juice and its efficacy was compared with that of a commercial pectinase. Endo-PG was recovered from the fermentation broth with a yield of 60.7% and a purification factor of 3.85. Clarification experiments were conducted at 30°C and 50°C for different times. No significant statistical differences in the final turbidity were observed at the 1% level for samples treated with either enzyme. It was concluded that endo-PG could be successfully used in the process of clarification of apple juice.
Long-Term Crime Desistance and Recidivism Patterns—Evidence from the Essex County Convicted Felon Study

Two conflicting definitions of desistance exist in the criminology literature. The first definition is instantaneous desistance in which an offender simply chooses to end a criminal career instantaneously moving to a zero rate of offending (Blumstein et al., 1986). The second definition views desistance as a process by which the offending rate declines steadily over time to zero or to a point close to zero (Bushway et al., 2001; Laub and Sampson, 2001 ; Leblanc and Loeber, 1998). In this article, we capitalize on the underlying assumptions of several parametric survival distributions to gain a better understanding of which of these models best describes actual patterns of desistance. All models are examined using 18 years of follow-up data on a cohort of felony convicts in Essex County, NJ. Our analysis leads us to three conclusions. First, 466 some people have already desisted at the beginning of the follow-up period, which is consistent with the notion of "instantaneous desistance. " Second, a three-parameter model that allows for a turning point in the risk of recidivism followed by a long period of decline fits the data best. This conclusion suggests that for those offenders active at the start of the study period, the risk of recidivism is declining over time. However, we also find that a simpler two-group model fits the data almost as well and gains superiority in the later years of follow-up. This last point is particularly relevant as it suggests that the observed gradual decline in the hazard over time is a result of a compositional effect rather than of a pattern of individually declining hazards.
Religiosity and Life Satisfaction among LDS Women

Because of their high religiosity, LDS women are an excellent population group to study the effects of religiosity. Very little published research regarding this segment of the general population exists. This study examines the religiosity of LDS women by comparing two national samples of LDS women to a sample of non-LDS women taken from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), in order to determine differences in their life satisfaction and mental well-being. This study also compares two subgroups of LDS women, measuring if increased levels of adherence to the same religious beliefs has an effect on satisfaction and mental well-being. Comparisons between the LDS groups and the NSFH women showed (l)depression levels among both groups of LDS women were significantly lower than the NSFH sample, (2)general life satisfaction was similar for all groups, and (3 )self-esteem was lower in the LDS women than in the NSFH women. Structural equation modeling showed that for a group of LDS women who have not served missions (NM-LDS), experiential religiosity plays an important role in predicting life satisfaction and self-esteem. For LDS women who have served as missionaries (RM-LDS), experiential religiosity plays an important role in predicting higher self-esteem, lower depression, and higher life/marital/ parenting satisfaction. Conclusions are that personally experiencing religion rather than only participating socially in religious groups seems to be an important factor in influencing satisfaction and mental well-being in LDS women"and therefore is an important point to address when counseling them. Portions of this study were presented at the AMCAP Convention, April 1, 2004.
Chronic Stress and Disease

Abstract Chronic stress is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with disease development and reduced life expectancy. Chronic stress can take many different forms, from extreme or traumatic single life events such as rape, accidents, natural disasters to long-term exposure to stressful conditions, such as caregiving, and finally, to accumulation of daily hassles, in someone’s private life as well as in the work environment. As summarized in this chapter, there is now strong evidence linking many different forms of chronic stress with different diseases, with shorter life expectancy. In our quest to understand, and potentially intervene against, the health effects of chronic stress, research has targeted the communication systems linking the CNS, in which stress experience is located, with the periphery of the organism, in which damage accumulates that ultimately leads to disease and death.
Implications of Intraneuronal Aβ

The implications of Aβ are presented. AD is not reversible and the only course is prevention. Clinical trials dependent upon the teachings of the amyloid hypothesis have failed due to its inaccuracies, which is supported by excerpts obtained from many of the esteemed investigators presented in this book.
The Elgood, West Virginia, Earthquake of November 20, 1969

The Elgood, West Virginia earthquake occurred at 01:00:10.3 GMT on November 20, 1969. Its epicenter was determined as 37.4°N, 81.0°W, just west of the town of Elgood, West Virginia, and some 12 kilometers north of the Virginia-West Virginia border. The focus of this shock was shallow, probably 10 km. or less. Six regional stations indicated a m eus of 4.6 and five teleseismic stations gave a m b of 4.3. A three-day micro-earthquake survey in the epicentral region recorded five definite and four possible seismic events with S-P times of less than five seconds. Macroseismic data were gathered by field surveys and by questionnaires. These data indicated a maximum MM Intensity of V and a felt region of 125,000 square miles over nine Mid-Atlantic states.
Block Copolymer Templating for Formation of Quantum Dots and Lattice-Mismatched Semiconductor Structures

Templated growth for the fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots and lattice-mismatched structures has been employed in this study. Self assembly of block copolymers (BCP) has been exploited to create a regular array of nanoscale patterns on a substrate to generate the growth template. These patterned templates were used for the selective area growth of pseudomorphic quantum dots, allowing for precise control over the dot size and spatial distribution. Strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched structures grown past the pseudomorphic limit was also studied. Analysis of the grown structures suggests that this approach using block copolymer templating followed by selective growth can be used for defect reduction in lattice-mismatched materials.
Cystic renal masses.

The purpose of the study is to provide an update on the imaging evaluation of cystic renal masses, to review benign and malignant etiologies of cystic renal masses, and to review current controversies and future directions in the management of these lesions. Cystic renal masses are relatively common in daily practice. The Bosniak classification is a time-proven method for the imaging classification and management of these lesions. Knowledge of the pathognomonic features of certain benign Bosniak 2F/3 lesions is important to avoid surgery on these lesions (e.g., localized cystic disease, renal abscess). For traditionally surgical Bosniak lesions (Classes 3 and 4), there are evolving data that risk stratification based on patient demographics, imaging size, and appearance may allow for expanded management options including tailored surveillance or ablation, along with the traditional surgical approach.
Provoking conditions, management and outcomes of type 2 myocardial infarction and myocardial necrosis

Abstract Background Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as myocardial necrosis (myonecrosis) due to an imbalance in supply and demand with clinical evidence of ischemia. Some clinical scenarios of supply–demand mismatch predispose to myonecrosis but limit the identification of symptoms and ECG changes referable to ischemia; therefore, the MI definition may not be met. Factors that predispose to type 2 MI and myonecrosis without definite MI, approaches to treatment, and outcomes remain poorly characterized. Methods Patients admitted to an academic medical center with an ICD-9 diagnosis of secondary myocardial ischemia or non-primary diagnosis of non-ST-elevation MI were retrospectively reviewed. Cases were classified as either MI (n=255) or myonecrosis without definite MI (n=220) based on reported symptoms, ischemic ECG changes, and new wall motion abnormalities. Results Conditions associated with type 2 MI or myonecrosis included non-cardiac surgery (38%), anemia or bleeding requiring transfusion (32%), sepsis (31%), tachyarrhythmia (23%), hypotension (22%), respiratory failure (23%), and severe hypertension (8%). Inpatient mortality was 5%, with no difference between patients with MI and those with myonecrosis (6% vs. 5%, p=0.41). At discharge, only 43% of patients received aspirin and statin therapy. Conclusions Type 2 MI and myonecrosis occur frequently in the setting of supply–demand mismatch due to non-cardiac surgery, sepsis, or anemia. Myonecrosis without definite MI is associated with similar in-hospital mortality as type 2 MI; both groups warrant further workup for cardiovascular disease. Antiplatelet and statin prescriptions were infrequent at discharge, reflecting physician uncertainty about the role of secondary prevention in these patients.
Performance Problems In Distributed Systems

AbstractThere is a strong indication that for many applications distributed computer systems will replace conventional computer systems built around a large central processor, and that new applications will emerge based on distributed information processing. This paper examines the performance issues involved in the decision to use a distributed system, performance problems that arise in operating such a system, and the characteristics and implementation of the needed performance evaluation tools.The move towards distributed processing has become feasible mainly because of the rapidly dropping cost of computer hardware and the increasing power and flexibility of mini and microcomputers. Lower cost of computer hardware also ought to have an impact on the evaluation of computer system performance, making utilization of hardware resources a much less important factor than it has been so far. Performance related efforts should concentrate on the aspects visible to the user, that is, response time, reliability...
Amicus Brief in Obergefell v. Hodges

This Supreme Court amicus brief argues that denial to same-sex couples of the right to marry is sex discrimination.If April DeBoer were a man, or James Obergefell a woman, or Valeria Tanco a man, or Greg Bourke a woman, then state law would readily give them the relief they seek. But because the state laws challenged in these cases provide that only a man can marry a woman and only a woman can marry a man – or that existing marriages will be denied recognition if they do not fi t this description – April and James and Valeria and Greg are being discriminated against on the basis of their sex. Such gender-based classifications constitute sex discrimination. Accordingly, they must be subjected to intermediate scrutiny.
Seri Basketry: A Comparative View

ABSTRACTIt has long been recognized that Seri basketry shares many of the characteristics of Papago basketry. However, it has been suggested that the Seri basketry tradition may have originated in southern California, primarily because Seri baskets, like those of most southern California tribes, are coiled in a clockwise direction. This paper compares traditional Seri basket technology with that of several nearby areas and considers the question of historic ties with the basketry traditions of those areas.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma: emerging role of translocations and gene fusions

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), the second most common salivary gland malignancy, is notorious for poor prognosis, which reflects the propensity of ACC to progress to clinically advanced metastatic disease. Due to high long-term mortality and lack of effective systemic treatment, the slow-growing but aggressive ACC poses a particular challenge in head and neck oncology. Despite the advancements in cancer genomics, up until recently relatively few genetic alterations critical to the ACC development have been recognized. Although the specific chromosomal translocations resulting in MYB-NFIB fusions provide insight into the ACC pathogenesis and represent attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets, their clinical significance is unclear, and a substantial subset of ACCs do not harbor the MYB-NFIB translocation. Strategies based on detection of newly described genetic events (such as MYB activating super-enhancer translocations and alterations affecting another member of MYB transcription factor family-MYBL1) offer new hope for improved risk assessment, therapeutic intervention and tumor surveillance. However, the impact of these approaches is still limited by an incomplete understanding of the ACC biology, and the manner by which these alterations initiate and drive ACC remains to be delineated. This manuscript summarizes the current status of gene fusions and other driver genetic alterations in ACC pathogenesis and discusses new therapeutic strategies stemming from the current research.
Are there advantages to seeing leadership the same? A test of the mediating effects of LMX on the relationship between ILT congruence and employees' development

Abstract Although there has been an increased interest in implicit leadership theories (ILTs) over the last two decades, only a handful of studies have examined the effects of ILT congruence among leader-follower dyads. Just as important, this research has largely suggested few effects for ILT congruence, focused exclusively on prototype congruence, examined a limited number of potential outcomes, and has failed to examine questions about ILT congruence utilizing the most appropriate statistical approaches. We examine the effects of ILT congruence, with an explicit focus on the possibility that congruence between supervisors and their employees on both prototypes and antiprototypes impacts the LMX developed within their dyads. We predict that LMX, in turn, affects employees' opportunities to engage in developmental activities. Using a sample of 74 matched pairs of supervisors and employees and polynomial regression and response surface methodology, we found that congruence between supervisors' and employees' prototypes positively influenced LMX. We also found limited evidence that LMX explained the effects of this congruence on employees' engagement in developmental activities. Although we found no evidence of antiprototype congruence effects, supervisors who rated antiprototypical traits as characteristic of leaders had lower LMX with their employees.
Effects of Temporal Framing on Response to Antismoking Messages: The Mediating Role of Perceived Relevance

This study tested the effect of temporal framing on young adult smokers’ response to antismoking communication messages. In two studies using largely identical designs, young adult smokers recruited from a large university (n = 52) and Amazon Mechanical Turk (n = 210) were exposed to either no messages or messages featuring different temporal frames. Analysis of the combined data (N = 262) showed that framing the health consequences of smoking in a proximal (vs. distal) time frame led to greater perceived message relevance, less use of heuristic processing, greater use of systematic processing, greater positive affect, and more intense fear. Mediation analysis showed that perceived relevance was a significant mediator of the effect of temporal framing on message processing and emotional responses. In separate analysis of the Amazon Mechanical Turk data, the proximal frame also showed a consistent pattern of stronger impact on behavioral intentions compared to the distal frame, but the difference was only ...
The p53 protein plays a central role in the mechanism of action of epigentic drugs that alter the methylation of cytosine residues in DNA

// Arnold J. Levine 1 1 Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., USA Correspondence to: Arnold J. Levine, email: // Keywords : epigenetics, P53, Cytosine methylation, AML, Drug resistance Received : January 16, 2017 Accepted : January 18, 2017 Published : January 24, 2017 Abstract Both normal and cancerous cells, treated with drugs that block cytosine methylation of DNA, are preferentially killed by these drugs when they have p53 mutations and survive if they have a wild type protein. It appears that the wild type p53 protein functions to eliminate cells that undergo large epigenetic alterations and save other cells from death by this drug treatment. This has now been observed in cancerous cells in culture, tumors in animals and tumors in humans. AML cells with p53 mutations in humans treated with decitabine are killed by differentiation or senescense, but then relapse at a high rate becoming drug resistant. The mechanism of resistance to epigenetic drugs in p53 mutant cells, by possibly restoring a wild type p53 gene or restoring a defective p53 pathway, is now an interesting hypothesis to explore.
In Vivo Cleavage of Recombinant VWF Upon Intravenous Administration in Preclinical and Clinical Settings

Abstract Abstract 1222 Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is composed of a series of multimers with a molecular size ranging from 600 to 20,000 kDa. The ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) portion of VWF multimers is more efficient in platelet interactions than the lower molecular weight portion, and as such it might have a thrombogenic potential under certain pathologic conditions. The concentration of UHMW multimers in healthy individuals' blood is low because the circulating specific metalloprotease ADAMTS13 rapidly cleaves UHMW VWF upon its release into the circulation. A recombinant VWF (rVWF) expressed in CHO cells has been developed as a new drug candidate for treating patients with VWF deficiency. Since this protein is not cleaved by ADAMTS13 during the expression phase, it has a high portion of UHMW multimers, similar to the human VWF stored in Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. During the development phase of rVWF in vitro experiments showed that when treated under mild denaturing conditions or under shear, the molecule was susceptible to ADAMTS13 of human or animal origin. Here we present data from preclinical studies where analyzing the ex vivo samples showed the ADAMTS13-mediated cleavage of intravenously applied UHMW-containing rVWF. In good correlation with the in vitro results, studies in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys showed that the ADAMTS13-specific cleavage fragments appeared as soon as 15 minutes after application, as visualized by immunoblot analysis. The appearance of cleavage bands coincided with the decrease in multimer numbers, indicating that rVWF had been specifically cleaved by endogenous ADAMTS13 in the circulation. The effect was species-dependent, only a low or minimal cleavage was observed in different mice strains. A recently completed Phase I clinical study clearly demonstrated that rVWF administered intravenously to severe VWD patients in a dose-range of 7.5 to 50 VWF:RCo U/kg body weight was rapidly processed in the circulation, resulting in the disappearance of the UHMW multimers with visible cleavage fragments, as shown by immunoblot and high resolution multimer analysis. No thrombotic adverse events were seen during the study, underlying the suitability of the UHMW-containing rVWF for treating VWD patients. Disclosures: Varadi: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Rottensteiner: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schreiner: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Gritsch: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Inhibitors of SSB Protein–Protein Interactions in an Academic Screening Facility:

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are increasingly prevalent worldwide, and there is an urgent need for novel classes of antibiotics capable of overcoming existing resistance mechanisms. One potential antibiotic target is the bacterial single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), which serves as a hub for DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Eight highly conserved residues at the C-terminus of SSB use direct protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to recruit more than a dozen important genome maintenance proteins to single-stranded DNA. Mutations that disrupt PPIs with the C-terminal tail of SSB are lethal, suggesting that small-molecule inhibitors of these critical SSB PPIs could be effective antibacterial agents. As a first step toward implementing this strategy, we have developed orthogonal high-throughput screening assays to identify small-molecule inhibitors of the Klebsiella pneumonia SSB-PriA interaction. Hits were identified from an initial screen of 72,474 compounds using an AlphaScreen (AS) primary screen, and their activity was subsequently confirmed in an orthogonal fluorescence polarization (FP) assay. As an additional control, an FP assay targeted against an unrelated eukaryotic PPI was used to confirm specificity for the SSB-PriA interaction. Nine potent and selective inhibitors produced concentration-response curves with IC50 values of <40 μM, and two compounds were observed to directly bind to PriA, demonstrating the success of this screen strategy.
Abstract W P384: De-Depress: Detection of Post Stroke Depression in the Outpatient Setting; the Interim Analysis

Stroke is a major contributor to death and disability. For those who survive the initial incident, post stroke depression (PSD) represents a significant modifiable contributor to morbidity and mort...
Nucleic acid hybridization to the DNA of cytological preparations.

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Many conventional cytological procedures can be used to make slides that give good results in in situ hybridization experiments. The best preparations are those, which are well spread and very flat. For cell suspensions, tissue culture cells are gently spun out of the medium and resuspended in a hypotonic solution composed of 1 part medium and 3 parts distilled water. The amount of hypotonic solution added should be about 40 times the volume of the cell pellet. After being resuspended very gently in the hypotonic solution, the cells are left for 5 minutes at room temperature. Endogenous RNA, which might act as a competitor for the hybridizing RNA, is removed by treating the squashes with pancreatic RNase. Moreover, all the agents, such as alkali, heat, and organic solvents that denature purified DNA also denature the DNA of cytological preparations, as measured by in situ hybridization. The conditions of ionic strength, nucleic acid concentration, temperature, and length of time for hybridization are chosen for each experiment. The conditions chosen determine the stringency of the hybridization conditions and set limits on the amount of sequence mismatching that can occur.
Transferrin on the Basolateral Surface Regulates Apical 59Fe Uptake and Transport Across Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Although the physiology of iron uptake across the intestinal epithelium has been well described, many of the molecular mechanisms of iron transport remain to be elucidated. Measurements of iron uptake using whole animals or various gut sac preparations have defined three phases of iron uptake: an uptake phase in which iron enters the apical or lumenal surface; an intracellular phase in which iron is either transported to the basolateral surface for subsequent delivery to the plasma or is stored to be lost when the epithelial cells are sloughed; and a transfer phase by which iron is released from the epithelium to the plasma (Conrad, M.E.). Regulation of iron absorption is at the point of entry, the intestinal cell; there is no excretory regulation. Kinetic analyses of iron uptake suggest that regulation occurs at either the uptake or intracellular phases (Nathanson, M.H. and McLaren, G.D.) or at the transfer phase as we have suggested previously (Alvarez, X. et. al.). The molecular details of the regulatory mechanisms are not known.
HE 0430-2457: a post-merger extremely low-mass pre-white dwarf in a wide binary posing as an extreme horizontal branch star

We report the discovery of HE 0430-2457, the first extremely low-mass pre-white dwarf (ELM pre-WD) in a long period binary (P = 771 +- 3 d). The spectroscopic parameters of the primary are determined to be Teff = 26200 +- 1500 K and logg = 5.40 +- 0.35, placing it in the region occupied by core He-burning hot subdwarf B stars. By comparing the spectroscopic parameters of the K-type companion to stellar models, and using the mass ratio, the mass of the hot primary is determined to be 0.23 Msun. Given that this is too low for core He-burning, the primary in HE 0430-2457 is not an EHB star but a pre WD of the ELM type. As the lifetime of ELM pre-WDs in this region of the HR diagram populated by EHBs is thought to be very short, they are not considered to be part of the observed EHBs. However, the discovery of this system indicates that the percentage of ELM pre-WDs in the observed EHB population might be higher than previously thought. Binary evolution models indicate that HE 0430-2457 is likely formed by a merger of the inner binary in a hierarchical triple system.
Postoperative Care Pathways for the Bariatric Patient

The bariatric patient population presents unique issues in postoperative management due to both the size of the patient and their multiple medical comorbidities. Implementation of postoperative bariatric care pathway, including enhanced recovery after surgery and the use of postoperative order sets, can aid in providing a uniform level of care, minimizing the risk of postoperative complications. The following chapter describes various aspects of the postoperative management of the bariatric patient with a focus on utilization of an enhanced recovery pathway.
Studies on the 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase Genes of Higher Plants and Engineering of Glyphosate Resistance

5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase catalyzes the addition of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to shikimate-3-phosphate (S-3-P) (Fig. 1). This reaction constitutes one step of the shikimate pathway. Products of the shikimate pathway are necessary precursors for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, and other aromatic compounds. EPSP synthase is an essential enzyme in organisms such as plants, bacteria, and fungi which must synthesize aromatic amino acids de novo. In plants the enzyme is primarily localized in the plastids which are the major sites of synthesis of aromatic compounds. EPSP synthase is not found in animals.
Analysis and extensions of universum learning

Many applications of machine learning involve sparse high-dimensional data, where the number of input features is larger than (or comparable to) the number of data samples. Predictive modeling of such data sets is very ill-posed and prone to overfitting. Standard inductive learning methods may not be sufficient for sparse high-dimensional data, and this provides motivation for non-standard learning settings. This thesis investigates such a new learning methodology called Learning through Contradictions or Universum Learning proposed by Vapnik (1998, 2006) for binary classification. This method incorporates a priori knowledge about application data, in the form of additional Universum samples, into the learning process. However, such a new methodology is still not well-understood and represents a challenge to end users. An overall goal of this thesis is to improve understanding of this new Universum learning methodology and to improve its usability for general users. Specific objectives of this thesis include: (1) Development of practical conditions for the effectiveness of Universum Learning for binary classification. (2) Extension of Universum Learning to real life classification settings with different misclassification costs and unbalanced data. (3) Extension of Universum Learning to single-class learning problems. (4) Extension of Universum Learning to regression problems. The outcome of this research will result in better understanding and adoption of the Universum Learning methods for classification, single class learning and regression problems, common in many real life applications.