cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation between defibrillation shock outcome and coherence in electrocardiograms.

PATWARDHAN, A., et al.: Correlation Between Defibrillation Shock Outcome and Coherence in Elec-trocardiograms. Cycle periods in ECG during VF are correlated with periods of reentrant activation. The ECGs recorded from different locations on the thorax were contributed to from electrical activations within the heart in approximately inverse proportion of their distance from the recording sites. Similarity in cycle periods between ECGs recorded from two locations, therefore, can be used as an index of spatiotemporal similarity in the rate of activation. In the present study coherence was used, which is a mathematical function that measures the degree of similarity that two signals exhibit at specific cycle periods, to test if spatiotemporal similarity in cycle periods between pairs of orthogonal ECGs was correlated with defibrillation shock outcome. The authors estimated time-varying coherence from orthogonal ECGs during 10 seconds of electrically induced VF, which was terminated with a defibrillation shock with a 50% probability of successful outcome. Defibrillation shocks were delivered between a coil electrode placed at the right ventricular apex and a subdermal patch electrode. Time-varying coherencies between pairs of ECGs were estimated using an adaptive least mean square algorithm. Time-coherence surfaces were integrated within a frequency region centered at the dominant frequency. Data were collected from ten dogs during 206 (48%) successful and 221 (52%) unsuccessful trials. The results showed that coherencies between the sagittal-transverse pair were 10%-15% higher (P < 0.05) for successful than unsuccessful trials. The correlation between coherence and defibrillation outcome suggests that more defibrillation shocks occurred when the degree of spatial similarity in the rate of activations was higher terminated VF, than those that occurred at other times. These results are consistent with a hypothesis, recently proposed by others, that more uniform activation within regions of the heart that receive low potential gradients during shock may increase the probability of successful defibrillation.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. A cytologic and immunophenotypic study of 33 cases.

INTRODUCTION Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) accounts for 10–20% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States. In this study, the authors reviewed the cytologic and immunophenotypic findings of 33 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of PTCL. METHODS Thirty-three FNAs from 26 patients (12 females and 14 males) with PTCL were identified during 1991–1999. The patients' age ranged from 19 to 96 years. Immunophenotyping was performed in 24 cases by using either flow cytometry (FC; 21 cases) or immunocytochemistry (IC; 3 cases). Follow-up included review of prior or current histology and clinical records. RESULTS Nine cases were associated with mycosis fungoides, three cases were classified as T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and two were angioimmunoblastic adenopathy (AILD)–like T-cell lymphoma. The remaining 19 were classified as PTCL, not otherwise specified. The latter consisted of eight mixed cell variant, eight large cell variant, and three anaplastic variant. One of the mixed cell variant and one of the large cell variants contained numerous epithelioid histiocytes (Lennert lymphoma). Thirty (91%) cases had a definitive diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. Twenty-two cases (2 IC and 20 FC) showed a predominant population of T lymphocytes without a monoclonal B-cell population. In addition, FC revealed an aberrant expression of T-cell markers in 13 cases. Two cases were interpreted as “atypical lymphoid population”; one case was an AILD-like T-cell lymphoma, and the other case was PTCL, large cell type. One case initially was interpreted as granulomatous lymphadenitis; subsequent biopsy revealed PTCL, Lennert type. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of lesions with diverse cytomorphology. Cytologic analysis and immunophenotyping is an accurate method of diagnosing peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2001;93:151–159. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
On the oxygen isotope effect and apex anharmonicity in high- T c cuprates

Emphasis is put on aprecise knowledge of the oxygen isotope shift exponent αO is the so far synthesized high-T c superconductors in order to elucidate the basic mechanism. The known data, see α a in Table 6, indicate the presence of a presumably anharmonic coupling of pyramidal apex oxygen motion along thec-axis in these highly in-plane correlated superconductors. α a is computed from αO=rα a , based on the conjecture that the ratior of apex to total oxygen-ion content per unit cell is relevant. The related experimental and theoretical literature is reviewed.
Resolution analysis of ionospheric tomography systems

One of the most recent applications for tomographic imaging is the measurement of the electron density distribution in the ionosphere. This imaging system is a unique and challenging tomographic system because of the physical constraints of the system and the nature of the electron density distribution. To fully understand the potential and limitations of this imaging system, analysis of the resolving capabilities is needed. This article provides a review of current analysis methods for both system evaluation and characterization of the effects of individual degradation parameters. This article also presents a study of the effect of system configuration on the information content of projections.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation Results From the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project

Background—Poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between CRF and atrial fibrillation (AF) is less clear. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the association between CRF and incident AF in a large, multiracial cohort that underwent graded exercise treadmill testing. Methods and Results—From 1991 to 2009, a total of 64 561 adults (mean age, 54.5±12.7 years; 46% female; 64% white) without AF underwent exercise treadmill testing at a tertiary care center. Baseline demographic and clinical variables were collected. Incident AF was ascertained by use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 427.31 and confirmed by linkage to medical claim files. Nested, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the independent association of CRF with incident AF. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years (interquartile range, 3–9 years), 4616 new cases of AF were diagnosed. Af...
Can one predict protein stability? An attempt to do so for residue 133 of T4 lysozyme using a combination of free energy derivatives, PROFEC, and free energy perturbation methods

Free energy derivatives, pictorial representation of free energy changes (PROFEC) and free energy perturbation methods were employed to suggest the modifications that may improve the stability of a mutant T4 lysozyme with a S-2-amino-3-cyclopentylpropanoic acid residue (Cpe) at position 133. The free energy derivatives and PROFEC methods were used to locate promising sites where modifications may be introduced. The effects of several candidate modifications on the enzyme's stability were analyzed by the free energy perturbation method. We found that this scheme is able to effectively suggest modifications that may increase the enzyme's stability. The modifications investigated are the introduction of a methyl, a tert-butyl or a trifluoromethyl group at the Cepsilon2 position and a cyclopropyl group between the Cdelta2 and Cepsilon2 position on the cyclopentyl ring. The stereochemistry of the introduced groups (in the alpha or beta configurations) was studied. Our calculations predict that the introduction of a methyl group in the alpha configuration or a cyclopropyl group in the beta configuration will increase the stability of the enzyme; the introduction of the two groups in the other configurations and the other modifications will decrease the stability of the enzyme. The results indicate that packing interactions can strongly influence the stability of the enzyme.
Sensory modality-specific homeostatic plasticity in the developing optic tectum

Homeostatic plasticity is mostly thought be a global event that affects all synapses of the same neuron. Here, Deeg and Aizenman finds sensory pathway–specific homeostatic plasticity in the Xenopus optic tectum.
Women's preferences for testing and management of sexually transmitted infections among low-income New York City family planning clients

SummaryHigh prevalence of chlamydia in the USA persists despite efforts to annually screen women under the age of 26. Tailoring sexually transmitted infection (STI) services to client preferences may strengthen existing programmes. We report women's preferences for STI services from a family planning clinic in New York City serving low-income women. Seventy-eight percent (995/1275) of eligible women participated, with a mean age of 26 (SD±7). Ninety-one percent self-identified as Latina. Nineteen percent reported a past STI. Women preferred self-collection (65%) for testing to a speculum exam (20%); 15% had no preference. Women with a previous STI were more likely to prefer a pelvic exam to women with no previous STI (50% versus 32%, P < 0.01). Nearly all women (94%) preferred informing a sex partner about a positive STI test themselves, but 88% were willing to bring expedited partner therapy to a partner. Women were more likely to prefer third party partner notification if their last partner was casual r...
Cancer prevention education in United States medical schools

Abstract The Cancer Education Survey collected data from 126 of 128 US Medical Schools on the current status of cancer‐related educational activities for undergraduate medical students. The study was conducted by a Supervisory Committee of the American Association for Cancer Education, with funding from the American Cancer Society. The survey obtained data concerning institutional characteristics in support of undergraduate medical student cancer education, ie, administrative structures, current cancer‐related curricula, sources of financial support, and anticipated changes in these characteristics. Institutions were also queried on specific topics of cancer prevention, detection, and diagnosis that might be taught as identifiable areas of instruction for medical students. Three‐fourths of the institutions had a lecture on the principles of cancer screening, and, among those, nearly three‐fourths classified it as a part of a required course or rotation. Detection of common cancers is taught in virtually a...
A lower bound on complexity of optimization on the Wiener space

This paper is a study of the complexity of optimization of continuous univariate functions using a fixed number of sequentially selected function evaluations. The complexity is studied in the average case under a conditioned Wiener measure. We show that to obtain an error of at most e, on the order of loglog(1/e)log(1/e) function evaluations are required.
mTOR and metabolic regulation of conventional and regulatory T cells

mTOR signaling links bioenergetic and biosynthetic metabolism to immune responses. mTOR is activated by diverse upstream stimuli, including immune signals, growth factors, and nutrients. Recent studies highlight crucial roles of mTOR signaling in immune functions mediated by conventional T cells and Tregs. In this review, we discuss the regulation of mTOR signaling in T cells and the functional impacts of mTOR and metabolic pathways on T cell-mediated immune responses, with a particular focus on the differentiation and function of Tregs.
Economic tradeoffs between SBS and ACTS for providing customer premise service

The objective of this work was to perform two economic tradeoffs for customer premise service (CPS) Earth stations. The first tradeoff is between frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) to determine which is the more economical method for allocating satellite transponder capacity among CPS Earth stations. The second is between separate Earth stations for each user and a shared Earth station on the premises of the larger user. A terrestrial digital link connects the smaller user to the shared Earth station. NASA Lewis Research Center and the Federal Building in Cleveland were selected as potential users of Earth stations. The author conducted a telecommunications traffic survey at each facility. The annual traffic volumes were converted to digital traffic rates during a busy hour. The major contribution of this work is the application of grade of service calculations to specify the digitized transmission capacities of Earth stations. Currently, an FDMA Earth station costs less than a TDMA terminal. In the future a TDMA Earth station may cost less. The annual cost of a shared Earth station was equal to the sum of the costs of two stand-alone terminals.
LKLF and FasL Expression: Correction and Clarification

In the report “LKLF: A transcriptional regulator of single-positive T cell quiescence and survival” ([26 Sept., p. 1986][1]) ([1][2]), we found increased Fas ligand (FasL) expression on lung Kruppel-like factor (LKLF)–deficient T cells. This result was based on flow cytometric data obtained
Geophysical information for teachers: Wave tanks, homemade clouds, glacial goo, and more!

AGU is deeply committed to fostering the next generation of Earth and space scientists. Union activities contribute to this effort in many ways, one of which is partnering with the National Earth Science Teacher's Association (NESTA) to hold the Annual Geophysical Information for Teachers (GIFT) workshop at AGU's annual Fall Meeting. GIFT allows K-12 science teachers to hear about the latest geoscience research from the scientists making the discoveries, explore new classroom resources for their students, and visit exhibits and technical sessions of the AGU meeting for free. In 2011 AGU worked with NESTA to develop an improved rigorous and open application process for scientists and education professionals who wished to work as a team and present their Earth and space science work to teachers, as well as lead the educators in a hands-on, classroom- ready activity. Twenty-four applications were received for five slots, so the selected presentations (on tsunamis, clouds, field campaigns, glaciers, and volcanoes), chosen through a peer- review process, truly represented the best ways of getting cutting-edge science into the classroom.
Effect of vessel architecture on fusion by radio frequency current

Sealing and fusion of vessels by electrosurgical current is strongly influenced by the inhomogeneous architecture of the tissue constituents, particularly in the large arteries. Inhomogeneities in electrical properties of the constituents, specifically smooth muscle, collagen and elastin, lead to sharp spatial gradients in volumetric power deposition which results in uneven heating. The mechanical properties of the various tissue constituents are also of considerable importance. Vessel collagen and elastin distribution varies from vessel to vessel, species to species in the same artery, and point to point in the same vessel of the same animal or person. We present histologic evidence of vascular constituent variations, measurements of germane tissue electrical properties and numerical model studies of their effect on local heating rates and temperature rise in geometrically realistic finite difference vessel models. Comparisons between predicted and measured damage boundaries showed favorable agreement.
Health Care for Children and Youth in the United States: 2001 Annual Report on Access, Utilization, Quality, and Expenditures

Objectives.—To provide an update on insurance coverage, use of health care services, and health expenditures for children and youth in the United States and new information on parents' perceived quality of care for their children and to provide information on variation in hospitalizations for children from a 24-state hospital discharge data source. Methods.—The data on insurance coverage, utilization, expenditures, and perceived quality of care come from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The data on hospitalizations come from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which is part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Both data sets are maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Results.—In 2000, 64.5% of children were privately insured, 21.6% were insured through public sources, and 13.9% were uninsured. Children aged 15–17 years were more likely to be uninsured than children 1–4 years old. Children without health insurance coverage were less likely to use health care services, and when they did, their rates of utilization and expenditures were lower than insured children. Publicly insured children were the most likely to use hospital inpatient and emergency department (ED) care. Being black or Hispanic and living in families with incomes below 200% of the poverty line were associated with lower utilization and expenditures. A small proportion of children account for the bulk of health care expenditures: approximately 80% of all children's health care expenditures are attributable to 20% of children who used medical services. Although most parents report that their experiences with health care for their children are good, there are significant variations by type of insurance coverage. There are substantial differences in average length of hospitalization across the United States, ranging from 2.9–4.1 days, and rates of hospital admission through the ED, which vary across states from 10%–25%. Injuries are a major reason for hospitalization, accounting for 1 in 6 hospital stays among 10- to 14-year-olds. In the 10- to 17-year age group, more than 1 in 7 hospital stays are due to mental disorders. Among 15- to 17-year-olds, more than one third of all hospital stays are related to childbirth and pregnancy. The top 10 most common conditions treated in the hospital account for 40%–60% of all hospital stays. Conclusion.—Children's use of health care services varies considerably by the type of health insurance coverage, race/ethnicity, and family income. Quality of care, as measured by parents' experiences of care, also varies by type of coverage. There is substantial variation in use of hospital services across states.
A Bifactor Multidimensional Item Response Theory Model for Differential Item Functioning Analysis on Testlet-Based Items:

A differential item functioning (DIF) detection method for testlet-based data was proposed and evaluated in this study. The proposed DIF model is an extension of a bifactor multidimensional item re...
High spectral brightness laser at 1.06 µm

Power scaling and frequency stabilization efforts yield a 24 Watt TEM0,0, injection-locked output at 1.064 µm with a spectral linewidth of 1.6 Hz.
Basolateral amygdaloid multi-unit neuronal correlates of discriminative avoidance learning in rabbits.

Abstract Basolateral (BL) amygdaloid multi-unit activity was recorded as male albino rabbits learned to avoid a foot-shock unconditioned stimulus (US) by stepping in an activity wheel to an acoustic (pure tone) warning stimulus (CS+). A second tone (CS−) of different auditory frequency than the CS+ was presented in an irregular order on half of the conditioning trials but was never followed by the US. BL amygdaloid neurons developed, in the first session of conditioning, enhanced CS-elicited discharges relative to discharges recorded during pretraining with tones and noncontingent US presentations (excitatory plasticity), and greater discharges to the CS+ than to the CS− (discriminative plasticity). The discriminative plasticity attained maximal magnitude as the rabbits reached the asymptote of behavioral discrimination, and persisted during post-asymptotic training. Peak excitatory plasticity occurred in the session of the first significant behavioral discrimination and decline during the asymptotic and post-asymptotic stages of training. Similar patterns of excitatory and discriminative plasticity in structures directly interconnected with the BL nucleus (anterior cingulate cortex; medial dorsal thalamic nucleus) and effects of lesions suggest that the neurons in these areas participate in a circuit involved in mediation of avoidance learning.
Cryopreservation of Spin-Dried Mammalian Cells

This study reports an alternative approach to achieve vitrification where cells are pre-desiccated prior to cooling to cryogenic temperatures for storage. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells suspended in a trehalose solution were rapidly and uniformly desiccated to a low moisture content (,0.12 g of water per g of dry weight) using a spin-drying technique. Trehalose was also introduced into the cells using a high-capacity trehalose transporter (TRET1). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine the uniformity of water concentration distribution in the spin-dried samples. 62% of the cells were shown to survive spin-drying in the presence of trehalose following immediate rehydration. The spin-dried samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2) at a vitrified state. It was shown that following re-warming to room temperature and re-hydration with a fully complemented cell culture medium, 51% of the spin-dried and vitrified cells survived and demonstrated normal growth characteristics. Spin-drying is a novel strategy that can be used to improve cryopreservation outcome by promoting rapid vitrification.
The U(S)3 protein kinase blocks apoptosis induced by the d120 mutant of herpes simplex virus 1 at a premitochondrial stage.

In earlier reports, this laboratory showed that the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) mutant d120, lacking both copies of the α4 gene, induced classical apoptosis in infected cells (13). In subsequent reports, it was shown that rescuants of the missing α4 genes continued to induce apoptosis but that DNA fragments sharing the US3 gene blocked apoptosis (14). Other laboratories have since confirmed that US3 is required to block apoptosis, but the site of action of the US3 protein kinase remains obscure (2, 12). In the studies reported here, we show that in HEp-2 cells US3 blocks a step upstream of mitochondrial activation. In these experiments, we cloned the US3 gene in a baculovirus vector under the control of the immediate-early promoter of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This vector, designated Bac-US3, expressed the protein kinase in infected cells. In HEp-2 cells infected with the d120 mutant, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria, procaspase-3 is activated by cleavage, and caspase-3 accumulates in infected cells (10). In cells doubly infected with d120 mutant and Bac-US3, cytochrome c was not released and the remainder of the apoptotic cascade was not activated. Relevant to this report are the following. (i) The d120 mutant virus is highly cytotoxic to the cells it infects. The pattern of infection is highly reminiscent of classical apoptosis and includes condensation of chromatin, fragmentation of cellular DNA, and extensive vacuolization of the cytoplasm (13). The proapoptotic cascade induced by d120 virus is cell type dependent (10). In human SK-N-SH cells derived from a malignant glioma, the programmed cell death induced by the d120 mutant was caspase-3 independent in that caspase inhibitors were ineffective and caspase-3 activity was not detected (10, 11). The same virus induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. Apoptosis was blocked in a HEp-2 cell line (Vax-3) transformed to constitutively overexpress Bcl-2 (9). (ii) Cells infected with the d120 mutant express predominantly α gene products (7). Of these, ICP0 is of particular interest, since the cytopathic effects of a mutant lacking ICP0 in addition to other α proteins have been reported to be grossly reduced (17). ICP0 is overproduced in d120 mutant virus-infected cells (9). The protein accumulates initially in nuclei, but early in infection it is translocated into vesicle-like structures in association with proteasomes (15, 19). The distribution of ICP0 in Vax-3 cells remains unaltered but the amounts are actually increased most likely because the cytopathic effects of the d120 virus are grossly diminished in Vax-3 cells compared to the untransformed HEp-2 cells (9). The data support the conclusion that Bcl-2 blocks apoptosis induced by d120 mutants and reduces the cytopathic effects of the virus. The mechanisms by which d120 induces apoptosis and the role of US3 in blocking apoptosis induced by this virus remain unclear.
Adaptive Allocation of Software and Hardware Real-Time Tasks for FPGA-based Embedded Systems

Operating systems for reconfigurable devices enable the development of embedded systems where software tasks, running on a CPU, can coexist with hardware tasks running on a reconfigurable hardware device (FPGA). Furthermore, in such systems relocatable tasks can be migrated from software to hardware and viceversa. The combination of high performance and predictability of hardware execution with software flexibility makes such architecture especially suitable to implement high-performance real-time embedded systems. In this work, we first discuss design and scheduling issues for relocatable tasks. We then concentrate on the on-line admission control problem. Task allocation and migration between the CPU and the reconfigurable device is discussed and sufficient feasibility tests are derived. Finally, the effectiveness of our relocation strategy is shown through a series of synthetic simulations.
The Decipherment of “Directional Count Glyphs” in Maya Inscriptions

Two “Directional Count Glyphs” have long been recognized as the indicators of backward and forward chronological reckonings in Maya inscriptions. Their traditional decipherment, following early work by Thompson, is founded upon the reading xok, ‘to count’, for one frequent sign in these glyphs. The present study calls this reading into question by suggesting that all ‘count’ glyphs are read u-ti, spelling the verb ut, ‘come to pass’. This decipherment applies to all known contexts of the glyphs.
Transport of bacteria in porous media: II. A model for convective Transport and growth

A model is presented for the coupled processes of bacterial growth and convective transport in porous media. The retention and transport of bacteria has been modeled using a fractional flow approach. The various mechanisms of bacteria retention can be incorporated into the model through selection of an appropriate shape of the fractional flow curve. Permeability reduction due to pore plugging by bacteria was simulated using the effective medium theory. In porous media, the rates of transport and growth of bacteria, the generation of metabolic products, and the consumption of nutrients are strongly coupled processes. Consequently, the set of governing conservation equations form a set of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations that were solved numerically. Reasonably good agreement between the model and experimental data has been obtained indicating that the physical processes incorporated in the model are adequate. The model has been used to predict the in situ transport and growth of bacteria, nutrient consumption, and metabolite production. It can be particularly useful in simulating laboratory experiments and in scaling microbial-enhanced oil recovery or bioremediation processes to the field.
Ethnicity and Nationalism: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

Bien que l'ethnicite ne soit pas visible, son existence est palpable et I'on pourrait penser qu'il s'agit de quelque chose d'assez facile a decrire. Les Arabes et les Israeliens ou bien les Armeniens et les Azerbaidjanais, par exemple, insistent si resolument sur leur heterogeneite qu'il ne devrait pas etre difficile d'en isoler les raisons. II est pourtant impossible de trouver une description unique de l'ethnicite qui serait acceptee par la plupart des scientifiques. Le terme d'ethnicite (ou I'identification de grands groupes a partir de leur appartenance religieuse ou professionnelle) change de portee et de consistance selon les disciplines. Dans cet article, on s'interesse aux significations des processus en jeu dans les grands groupes. La psychologie des grands groupes est abordee sous deux perspectives: la premiere a trait a l‘evolution historique et biologique des grands groupes, quelle que soit leur denomination (clans, tribus, etc.) et la seconde concerne le developpement de l'enfant. Les deux approches se croisent dans la relation leader-suiveur pour constituer le besoin humain d'avoir des ennemis (les “mauvais”) et des allies (les “bons”). Although ethnicity cannot be seen, its presence is palpable, and one would think it would be something rather easy to describe. Arabs and Israelis or Armenians and Azerbajanis, for example, so adamantly insist on being different that it should not be difficult to isolate the reasons. Yet it is impossible to find one single description of ethnicity that is acceptable by most scholars. The term ethnicity, and other large-group identities such as religious or nationalistic affiliations, change in scope and substance according to the discipline studying it. This paper focuses on the meanings of large-group processes. Large-group psychology is examined from two perspectives. The first concerns the historical and biological evolution of large groups, be they called clans, tribes, or other names. The second relates to childhood development.
Tax Recruitment of CBP/p300, via the KIX Domain, Reveals a Potent Requirement for Acetyltransferase Activity That Is Chromatin Dependent and Histone Tail Independent

Robust transcription of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) genome requires the viral transactivator Tax. Although Tax has been previously shown to interact with the KIX domain of CBP/p300 in vitro, the precise functional relevance of this interaction remains unclear. Using two distinct approaches to interrupt the physical interaction between Tax and KIX, we find that Tax transactivation from chromatin templates is strongly dependent on CBP/p300 recruitment via the KIX domain. Additionally, we find that the primary functional contribution of CBP/p300 to Tax transactivation resides in the intrinsic acetyltransferase activity of the coactivators. These studies unexpectedly uncover a specific requirement for CBP/p300 acetyltransferase activity on chromatin templates assembled with nucleosomes lacking their amino-terminal tails. Together, these data indicate that the KIX domain of CBP/p300 is essential for targeting the acetyltransferase activity of the coactivator to the Tax-CREB (Tax/CREB) complex. Significantly, these observations reveal the presence of one or more CBP/p300 acetyltransferase targets that function specifically on chromatin templates, are independent of the histone tails, and are critical to Tax transactivation.
A neural network approach to multi-biomarker panel development based on LC/MS/MS proteomics profiles: A case study in breast cancer

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) based plasma proteomics profiling technique is a promising technology platform to study candidate protein biomarkers for complex human diseases such as cancer. Factors such as inherent variability, protein detectability limitation, and peptide discovery biases among LC/MS/MS platforms have made the classification and prediction of proteomics profiles challenging. In this paper, we developed a proteomics data analysis method to identify multi-protein biomarker panels for breast cancer diagnosis based on artificial neural networks. Using this method, we first applied standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) to derive a list of single candidate biomarkers that significantly changed from plasma proteomics profiles between breast cancer and controls. Next, we constructed a feed forward neural network (FFNN) for each combination of single marker proteins and trained with plasma proteomics results derived from 40 breast cancer women and 40 control women. We evaluated the results for best five-marker panel and ten-marker panels on a testing data set of similar cohort of 80 plasma proteomics profiles, of which half are breast cancer women and half are controls, using both statistical methods (receiver operating characteristics curve comparisons) and biological literature validation. We found that five-marker panel using two-variable FFNN output achieved the best prediction performance in testing data set, with 82.5% in sensitivity and 82.5% in specificity. Our computational method can serve as a general model for multi-biomarker panel discovery applications in other diseases.
Stock market reactions to related diversification moves by service firms seeking benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope

Service firms may seek benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope by diversifying. Each source of benefit is based on different underlying mechanisms and each is affected differently by implementation difficulties and service characteristics. Previous research, however, has not analyzed the relative performance effects of these two very different sources of benefits for related diversified service firms. Thus, this paper uses an integrative framework including these aspects to examine the relative performance effects of benefits from information asymmetry and economies of scope in service firms.
A rational program of exercise for patients with osteoarthritis

This report provides a history of exercise therapy, gives background for and defines relevant terms, and describes common gross manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA). Bias and dogmatism concerning arthritis treatment are examined. Treatment using exercise and physical medicine modalities with reference to recent pertinent literature is reviewed. Human and animal studies demonstrating the efficacy of conditioning and strengthening in the treatment of OA are analyzed critically, and methods to enhance compliance and directions of future exercise research are discussed.
A Computational Model of Metaphor Interpretation

Section 6 ("On Translation") consists of a single paper by van der Korst in which he presents a FG MT system. The principles of the system are very simple. The predication underlying a linguistic expression is language-neutral; therefore the theory provides a ready-made interlingua. If it is possible to parse and to generate, then it is also possible to translate. Of course, this is an oversimplification, since different languages typically use different subsets of the set of possible predicates. Thus, paraphrasing relations between predications are necessary. Van der Korst provides a lot of useful examples to illustrate the problems and achievements of his system. The verdict: This is an important book, since it begins to sketch what a computational version of FG might look like. It is very important for people working in functional paradigms such as FG to bring their insights about language use to the design of NLP systems, which will have real users. However, the book is ultimately disappointing for a number of reasons. It has the feel of a collection of disparate papers that are united in their debt to Dik (1978) rather than by their participation in a coherent research program. The papers are inadequately cross-referenced and display many needless inconsistencies of style (e.g., "PROLOG" vs. "Prolog'; endnotes vs. footnotes). The papers build very few bridges between computational FG and what is going on in the rest of NLP. As we have noted, some of the attempts to do so misfire. Perhaps most disappointing of all, the volume fails to raise what ought to be the most interesting question: what, if any, are the distinctive benefits of functional theories such as FG for NLP?
(R,R)‐2,5‐Dimethylborolane

[97011-90-0] C6H13B (MW 96.00) InChI = 1S/C6H13B/c1-5-3-4-6(2)7-5/h5-7H,3-4H2,1-2H3/t5-,6-/m1/s1 InChIKey = GZNHGXJNYUJEOE-PHDIDXHHSA-N (reagent for asymmetric hydroboration;2 also used as an auxiliary for asymmetric ketone reduction,3 aldol,4 and crotylboration5 reactions; derived reagents are used in double asymmetric syntheses6) Physical Data: the most stable precursor is a complex with (S)-(+)-prolinol: mp 225–226 °C; [α]21D +23.2° (c 1.28, CHCl3). Solubility: sol pentane, Et2O, THF. Analysis of Reagent Purity: optical purity is assayed by oxidation (NaOMe, H2O2) to give 2,5-hexanediol, which has a maximum published rotation [α]23D −35.6° (c 8.29, CHCl3). Derivitization of the diol as the bis-MTPA ester followed by HPLC analysis gives the relative amounts of (R,R)-, (R,S)-, and (S,S)-diols present. Preparative Methods: a ca. 1∶1 mixture of cis- and trans-B-methoxy-2,5-dimethylborolanes is first obtained by reaction of the Grignard reagent derived from 2,5-dibromohexane with diethylaminodichloroborane, followed by acidic methanolysis (eq 1).2 (1) The cis isomer is then selectively complexed with N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, and the resolvable trans isomer is isolated by vacuum transfer (eq 2). (2) Reagent 1 is obtained by treatment of the racemic trans isomer with 0.45 equiv of (S)-prolinol, followed by vacuum transfer of the volatile fraction containing mostly (S,S)-2,5-dimethyl-B-methoxyborolane (eq 3). Through similar manipulation, 2 is obtained (eq 4). (3) (4) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: (R,R)-2,5-dimethylborolane is stored as an air- and moisture-stable complex 1 with (S)-(+)-prolinol. The (S,S)-isomer is stored as a stable complex with either (R)-(−)-prolinol or as a complex 2 with (S)-(+)-valinol, which is more readily available. The reagent and many of its derivatives are extremely air- and moisture-sensitive, and may ignite when exposed to air. Precautions for the handling of such materials should be rigorously followed.7
Same or Different? Comparing Offender Groups and Covariates Over Time

Recent theoretical and empirical work in criminology supports the classification of individuals in criminal groups, where groups differ in the determinants of antisocial behavior and resulting traj...
THE TEACHING OF COGNATES

A cognate word is frequently described a s one having a related form and meaning in two or more languages which have a common ancestor. Such a definition is of use to the linguist whose interest lies in tracing and finding of relationships of languages in the remote or not-so-remote past, and cognates have played an important part in the reconstruction of languages for which written records do not exist. But for the pedagogical linguist, whose responsibility it is to teach a foreign language, this definition is not sufficiently broad. He must not center his attention on the history of a language, but on the language as it is spoken now. For him any word that has sufficient correlation in meaning and form in the two languages with which he is concerned is a valid cognate. At least from this point of view, the relationships between Spanish juzgado and English hhosegow, Spanish interviu and English interview are a s useful a s the older relationships which exist between mother and madre father and padre and the like. That is to say, relationships of words that have been borrowed fairly recently a re a s useful as words which have formed part of the languages since their earliest times. In fact, pedagogically speaking, recently borrowed words are often more useful than older cognates because time has not yet had the chance to change them so much lexically and formally. The utility of a cognate depends on its recognizability, and its recognizability often depends upon the length of time it has been part of the language. Cognates a re valuable a s a method of rapid expansion of vocabulary for the language student. For the Spanish speaker learning English, the number of such lexical items that he can add to his vocabulary is enormous. This is important especially for the beginner, for he often feels himself in a linguistic straitjacket, bursting with things to say, but frustrated by his belief that he lacks vocabulary. This must not be taken to mean that the phonemic and grammatical structure of the language is to be ignored it is obvious that grammar and 9 ~
Case study: Visual debugging of finite element codes

We present an innovative application developed at Sandia National Laboratories for visual debugging of unstructured finite element physics codes. Our tool automatically locates anomalous regions, such as inverted elements or nodes whose variable values lie outside a prescribed range, then extracts mesh subsets around these features for detailed examination. The subsets are viewed using color coding of variable values superimposed on the mesh structure. This allows the values and their relative spatial locations within the mesh to be correlated at a glance. Both topological irregularities and hot spots within the data stand out visually, allowing the user to explore the exact numeric values of the grid at surrounding points over time. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by debugging a cell inversion in a simulation of an exploding wire.
Chin-up-induced bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation: a case report.

Abstract Background: Simultaneous bilateral shoulder dislocations are extremely rare occurrences. Objective: We present an unusual case where the patient suffered simultaneous bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations during chin-up exercises. To our knowledge, this mechanism has not been previously reported. Case Report: A 44-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department (ED) complaining of bilateral shoulder pain while doing chin-up exercises. She was completing her workout when she developed severe pain to both of her shoulders with associated parasthesias to both hands and the right forearm. The patient was found to have bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations; both were reduced using procedural sedation and traction-countertraction techniques. Conclusion: The mechanics of chin-up exercises places the glenohumeral joint in a position of instability, increasing the likelihood of dislocation.
Perceptions of Elder Abuse and Help-seeking Patterns Among African-American, Caucasian American, and Korean-American Elderly Women

Thirteen scenarios were used to measure and compare the perceptions of elder abuse and help-seeking behaviors of African-American, Caucasian American, and Korean-American elderly women. Significant group differences existed in their perceptions of elder abuse with regard to six scenarios, and the Korean-American women were substantially less likely to perceive a given situation as abusive than the other groups. The three groups also showed significant differences in their intended use of formal and informal sources of help in the case of elder abuse.
Glutamic Acid Residue 98 Is Critical for Catalysis in Pig Kidney Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Abstract Site-specific mutagenesis has been used to replace Glu-98 with Glutamine in pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-1,6- P 2 ase) in order to evaluate the role of this residue in catalysis. The combination of lower k cat and higher K m resulted in an approximately 12,000-fold reduction in the catalytic efficiency of the Glu-98 → Gln enzyme when compared to the wild-type enzyme. The affinity of the enzyme for Mg 2+ and for the allosteric inhibitor AMP was altered only slightly; however, cooperativity in the binding of both of these effectors was eliminated. In addition, AMP could not fully inhibit the Glu-98 → Gln enzyme. These data suggest a critical role for the carboxylate of Glu-98 both as a general base in the reaction, and in the mechanism of allosteric inhibition of the enzyme by AMP.
Isolation of hormone-producing clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Six clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma have been established from a tumor previously adapted to passage in the hamster cheek pouch. All clones have continued to produce chorionic gonadotropin (CG) for over 2 yr. The rates of hormone secretion and growth differed among the clonal lines. In one clone, cell count and CG production showed log increases and plateau phases, but the log phase of CG synthesis occurred as the rate of cell replication slowed. Accordingly, CG production per cell increased progressively with time. These functional cell lines provide systems for the examination of many aspects of placental physiology and biology.
Social Structure and Party Nationalization

How does social heterogeneity affect the degree of party nationalization? We analyze several characteristics of heterogeneity and find that ethnic fractionalization and ethno-geographic cross-cuttingness have weak direct effects, but robust indirect effects on party nationalization through their effect on how political institutions shape party nationalization. The direct effects are that ethnic fractionalization decreases party fractionalization while ethno-geographic intermixing (cross-cuttingness) increases party nationalization. In terms of indirect effects we find that fractionalization and cross-cuttingess have no effect on nationalization in unicameral systems, where nationalization incentives are already strong, and that bicameralism has a stronger effect when fractionalization is high, but has no effect on nationalization when ethno-geographic cross-cuttingness is high.
A New Dislocation-Dynamics Model and Its Application in Thin Film-Substrate Systems

Based on the physical background, a new dislocation dynamics model fully incorporating the interaction among differential dislocation segments is developed to simulate 3D dislocation motion in crystals. As the numerical simulation results demonstrate, this new model completely solves the long-standing problem that simulation results are heavily dependent on dislocation-segment lengths in the classical dislocation dynamics theory. The proposed model is applied to simulate the effect of dislocations on the mechanical performance of thin films. The interactions among the dislocation loops, free surface and interfaces are rigorously computed by a decomposition method. This framework can be used to simulate how a surface loop evolves into two threading dislocations and to determine the critical thickness of thin films. Furthermore, the relationship between the film thickness and yield strength is established and compared with the conventional Hall-Petch relation.
Second-Harmonic Generation in Optical Fibers

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in optical fibers was first reported in 1981 [1]. Since optical fibers are made out of glass, which has inversion symmetry, the SH light was believed to be caused by higher order effects such as electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole interactions. The low conversion efficiency (≈ 10-5) reported in these early experiments made SHG in optical fibers a not very useful or interesting effect. This was, however, changed in October of 1985, when efficient SHG was observed in commercial single-mode telecommunication fibers (conversion efficiency ≈ 5%, input peak power ≈ 20 kW) [2]. The amount of green light generated from frequency-doubling a Nd:YAG laser in a 1-m long piece of fiber was sufficient to pump a dye laser [3]. Since then, even higher conversion efficiency has been reported [4].
Atomic Layer Deposition of Metastable β-Fe2O3 via Isomorphic Epitaxy for Photoassisted Water Oxidation

We report the growth and photoelectrochemical (PEC) characterization of the uncommon bibyite phase of iron(III) oxide (β-Fe2O3) epitaxially stabilized via atomic layer deposition on an conductive, transparent, and isomorphic template (Sn-doped In2O3). As a photoanode, unoptimized β-Fe2O3 ultrathin films perform similarly to their ubiquitous α-phase (hematite) counterpart, but reveal a more ideal bandgap (1.8 eV), a ∼0.1 V improved photocurrent onset potential, and longer wavelength (>600 nm) spectral response. Stable operation under basic water oxidation justifies further exploration of this atypical phase and motivates the investigation of other unexplored metastable phases as new PEC materials.