cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural consonance in leisure activities and self-rated health in six cities in China.

The purpose of this study is to examine leisure constraints, a new variable termed cultural consonance in leisure (CCL), and leisure satisfaction as possible mediators in the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-rated health in six large cities in China. The hypothesis is that SES has a negative relationship with leisure constraints, that leisure constraints negatively influence CCL, that CCL positively affects leisure satisfaction, and that leisure satisfaction positively affects self-rated health. Structural equation modelling is used to evaluate the hypothesised relationships, and all but one of the relationships is supported. The results suggest that CCL may be a valuable construct to employ in future studies of constraints, leisure satisfaction and health.
Deception in retailer high-low pricing: A “rule of reason” approach

Abstract Marking up to mark down and referring to a fictitious “regular” price in retail advertising can deceive consumers and cause consumer injury. The practice, known as high-low pricing, has become widespread in the intensely competitive retail environment. Consumers respond to this practice by drawing one of several inferences about the value of the product and the prevailing competitive price. Whether the consumer is deceived depends on the inference drawn. This paper integrates legal, public policy, consumer behavior, and retailing perspectives to examine the issue and propose retailer and regulatory solutions. To date, regulators have attempted to impose a “per se” approach. Through analysis of retailer motivations, consumer behavior and the May D&F case, a “Rule of Reason” approach is suggested as an alternative solution to this issue of significant concern to retailers and public policymakers alike.
Neural Correlates of Fluid Reasoning in Children and Adults

Fluid reasoning, or the capacity to think logically and solve novel problems, is central to the development of human cognition, but little is known about the underlying neural changes. During the acquisition of event-related fMRI data, children aged 6-13 (N = 16) and young adults (N = 17) performed a task in which they were asked to identify semantic relationships between drawings of common objects. On semantic problems, participants indicated which of fi ve objects was most closely semantically related to a cued object. On analogy problems, participants solved a visual propositional analogy (e.g., shoe is to foot as glove is to…µ) by indicating which of four objects would complete the problem; these problems required integration of two semantic relations, or relational integration. Our prior research on analogical reasoning in adults implicated left anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in the controlled retrieval of individual semantic relationships, and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (RLPFC) in relational integration. In this study, age-related changes in the recruitment of VLPFC, temporal cortex, and other cortical regions were observed during the retrieval of individual semantic relations. In contrast, agerelated changes in RLPFC function were observed during relational integration. Children aged 6-13 engage RLPFC too late in the analogy trials to infl uence their behavioral responses, suggesting that important changes in RLPFC function take place during adolescence.
Building thermal model reduction via aggregation of states

This paper proposes an aggregation-based model reduction method for thermal models of large buildings. Using an electric analogy, the baseline thermal model is represented as an RC-network. The proposed model reduction methodology is used to obtain a simpler (with fewer states) multi-scale representation of this network. The methodology preserves the electrical analogy and retains the physical intuition during the model reduction process. The theoretical results are illustrated with the aid of examples.
Minimal-program complexity of sequences with restricted resources

In this paper we investigate the minimal-program complexity of several types of pseudo-recursive and pseudo-random sequences when the resources used for their computation are restricted. For several types of these sequences their minimal-program complexity increases enormously whenever the resources for their computation is restricted in any effective manner at all. In particular, it is shown that Church random sequences must have very high minimal-program complexity when the computation resources are effectively restricted; whereas, it is known that when there are no restrictions on resources, there are Church random sequences with extremely low minimal-program complexity.
The Influence of Johnsongrass Infestation and Nitrogen Rates on Grain Sorghum

Gram sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is grown on marginal land and johnsongrass [Sorghum haiepense (L.) Pers] is the most common and hard to control weed in this crop. The agronomic performance of gram sorghum at different nitrogen (N) and johnsongrass infestation levels in the field has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, research was conducted on a Decatur silty clay loam soil (Rhodic Paleudult) to determine the influence of N rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and johnsongrass infestation levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per 5 m crop row) on the growth and yield of grain sorghum (cv. GK522G) and johnsongrass. Increase in N rates increased seed weight, seed yield and percent protein in grain sorghum as well as dry matter and percent protein of johnsongrass. The increase in johnsongrass infestation (from 0 to 8 plants per 5 m crop row) significantly decreased the performance of grain sorghum and johnsongrass at all the N rates. The results suggest that 40 kg N ha-1 with up to 2 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row or 80 kg N ha-1 with up to 4 johnsongrass plants per 5 m crop row produced grain sorghum yields equivalent to absence of johnsongrass in the crop.
Stabilities of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone chelates of divalent and trivalent metal ions

Abstract The stability constants of the 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 complexes of bidentate 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (DEHP) with divalent and trivalent metal ions have been determined by potentiometric and spectrophotometric measurements in KCl supporting electrolyte (0.100 M) at 25.0 °C. The overall log stability constants (β ML3 =[ML 3 ]/[M 3+ ][L − ] 3 ) for the Fe(III), Ga(III) and In(III) complexes of DEHP are high, 36.75, 36.05 and 32.38, respectively, while that for the relatively weak complex with Gd(III) is 19.76. The crystal structure of the 3:1 indium(III) chelate of DEHP is described. The divalent metal ions, Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II), form moderately stable 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 complexes with DEHP. The thermodynamic stabilities of the Fe(IlI) chelates of DEHP are only moderately greater than those of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (DMHP, L1). While this difference may suggest a small difference in physiological properties of the two compounds, the main difference in their effectiveness must be due to differences in their behavior in vitro.
The reaction of 2-(3-sydnonyl)phenylmethanol with sulfonyl chlorides. A one pot conversion to the chloro congener

The interesting transformation of 2-(3-sydnonylphenylmethanol (1) to its chloro congener 2, in moderate to good yield using sulfonyl chlorides, is described. A mechanism for the transformation is suggested.
A novel Beta Subunit Mechanism in a Critical Heart K Channel: KCNE1 Alters the Voltage Sensor Movements Necessary to Open the KCNQ1 Channel Gate

The delayed rectifier IKs potassium channel, a major contributor to repolarization of the human cardiac action potential, forms by co-assembly of alpha (KCNQ1) and beta (KCNE1) subunits. Though KCNQ1 encodes a functional voltage-gated potassium channel, it requires the presence of KCNE1 to reproduce the biophysical characteristics of the native IKs channel. Despite much study, the mechanism(s) through which KCNE1 modulates KCNQ1 are not well understood, partly due to the lack of a voltage sensor assay. Voltage clamp fluorometry (VCF) is a method for measuring voltage sensor movements by monitoring changes in the environment of a fluorophore, attached to the voltage sensor, during gating. Here we present the first VCF study of KCNQ1 and KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. In KCNQ1, while the time course of the fluorescence signal narrowly precedes current, steady state voltage dependence of fluorescence and current are indistinguishable, suggesting a one-to-one relationship between voltage sensor movement and channel opening. Mutational analysis of the KCNQ1 fluorescence signal provides novel mechanistic insight into the gating of this channel and validates the use of VCF in this channel. Co-expression of KCNE1 dramatically separates the voltage dependence of fluorescence and current signals, suggesting multiple independent voltage sensor movements are now required for channel opening. This prediction is further supported by measurement of a Cole-Moore effect in KCNQ1/KCNE1 but not KCNQ1 alone, and by computer-based Markov modeling of channel kinetics. Taken together, our results indicate a KCNE1-dependent change in the coupling between the voltage sensor and the channel gate. This represents the first measurements of KCNQ1 voltage sensor using VCF and elucidates a novel role for a potassium channel beta-subunit: to alter the relationship between voltage sensor movement and channel opening.
Intention and Expectation Measures as Predictors of Academic Performance1

The predictive validity of intention and expectation measures was examined by comparing subjects' intentions and expectations of their academic performance with their actual class performance. A total of 166 subjects were randomly assigned to respond to an intention or expectation version of a questionnaire. The instrument asked for intentions or expectations regarding performance on the next test, final examination, and final course grade. Expectations were found to be better predictors of academic performance. Expectation responses were also found to explain significant amounts of variance in the dependent measures after the effect of subjects' prior class performance (their first test score) had been taken into consideration. Additional types of outcomes and goals for which expectation measures are likely to provide more accurate prediction are discussed.
Channel Island Amol Points: A Stemmed Paleocoastal Type from Santarosae Island, Alta California

Channel Island Amol (CIA) points, a rare Paleocoastal point type found at several terminal Pleistocene sites on San Miguel and Santa Rosa islands, are generally small, leaf-shaped, and very thin, with a relatively long stem, subtle shoulders, and blade margins that are usually serrated or spurred. So far, they have been identified at just four known sites, each of which contains a terminal Pleistocene component. A few specimens from San Miguel and Santa Rosa islands also appear to exist in museum collections made by antiquarians or early archaeologists. At Cardwell Bluffs on San Miguel, Amol points are found with crescents and stemmed Channel Island Barbed (CIB) points, diagnostic artifacts that appear to have been used between about 12,000 and 8,000 years ago. The available data suggest that CIA points may be earlier than CIB points, including the only specimen found in situ that came from a shell midden dated to about 12,000 cal BP. Given the lack of large land mammals on the Northern Channel Islands after about 13,000 years ago, Amol points were probably used for maritime hunting or fishing. Resumen Puntos de Channel Island Amol (CIA), un tipo raro de punto paleocoastal encontrado en varios sitios del Pleistoceno terminal en las islas de San Miguel y Santa Rosa, son generalmente pequenas, con forma de hoja, y muy delgados, con un pedunculo relativamente largo, hombros sutiles, y bordes serrados o con espuelas en general. Hasta el momento, se han sido identificados en solo cuatro sitios conocidos, cada uno de los cuales contiene un componente Pleistoceno terminal. Unos pocos especimenes de las islas de San Miguel y Santa Rosa tambien parecen existir en colecciones de museos hechas por anticuarios o arqueologos tempranos. En los Bluffs Cardwell en San Miguel, se encuentran los puntos de Amol con los crecientes y los puntos pedunculadas de Channel Island Barbed (CIB), artefactos diagnosticos que parecen haber sido utilizados entre hace ∼12,000 y 8,000 anos. Los datos disponibles sugieren que los puntos de CIA pueden ser anteriores de los puntos de CIB, incluyendo el unico ejemplo
Acoustic vector-sensor processing in the presence of a reflecting boundary

We consider the passive direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem using arrays of acoustic vector sensors located in a fluid at or near a reflecting boundary. We formulate a general measurement model applicable to any planar surface, derive an expression for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the azimuth and elevation of a single source, and obtain a bound on the mean-square angular error (MSAE). We then examine two applications of great practical interest: hull-mounted and seabed arrays. For the former, we use three models for the hull: an ideal rigid surface for high frequency, an ideal pressure-release surface for low frequency, and a more complex, realistic layered model. For the seabed scenario, we model the ocean floor as an absorptive liquid layer. For each application, we use the CRB, MSAE bound, and beam patterns to quantify the advantages of using velocity and/or vector sensors instead of pressure sensors. For the hull-mounted application, we show that normal component velocity sensors overcome the well-known, low-frequency problem of small pressure signals without the need for an undesirable "stand-off" distance. For the seabed scenario, we also derive a fast wideband estimator of the source location using a single vector sensor.
Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

(2006). Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Journal of Apicultural Research: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 49-50.
Effects of visual stimulation on LFPs, spikes, and LFP-spike relations in PRR

Local field potentials (LFPs) have shown diverse relations to the spikes across different brain areas and stimulus features, suggesting that LFP-spike relationships are highly specific to the underlying connectivity of a local network. If so, the LFP-spike relationship may vary even within one brain area under the same task condition if neurons have heterogeneous connectivity with the active input sources during the task. Here, we tested this hypothesis in the parietal reach region (PRR), which includes two distinct classes of motor goal planning neurons with different connectivity to the visual input, i.e., visuomotor neurons receive stronger visual input than motor neurons. We predicted that the visual stimulation would render both the spike response and the LFP-spike relationship different between the two neuronal subpopulations. Thus we examined how visual stimulations affect spikes, LFPs, and LFP-spike relationships in PRR by comparing their planning (delay) period activity between two conditions: with or without a visual stimulus at the reach target. Neurons were classified as visuomotor if the visual stimulation increased their firing rate, or as motor otherwise. We found that the visual stimulation increased LFP power in gamma bands >40 Hz for both classes. Moreover, confirming our prediction, the correlation between the LFP gamma power and the firing rate became higher for the visuomotor than motor neurons in the presence of visual stimulation. We conclude that LFPs vary with the stimulation condition and that the LFP-spike relationship depends on a given neuron's connectivity to the dominant input sources in a particular stimulation condition.
A communication agreement framework for access/action control

We introduce a framework for access/action control which shifts the emphasis from the participants to their relationships. The framework is based on a communication model in which participants negotiate the mutually agreed-upon boundary conditions of their relationships, and create social reference points by encapsulating them in compact "communication pacts," called "commpacts." Commpacts are designed to provide a language enabling a social mechanism of coordinated expectation. We argue that in networked environments characterized by multiple authorities and "trusted proxies," this model can deal with the complexities of general (user- and content-dependent) distributed access/action control and provides a clear user-conceptual metaphor. The frame work embeds naturally into the existing legal and institutional infrastructure; it generalizes work in electronic contracting. Commpacts can be seen as a third fundamental type next to access-control lists (ACLs) and capabilities.
Adaptive antenna research at the ElectroScience Laboratory

The main thrust of the effort has been to develop arrays that would provide both interference protection and reliable signal acquisition and tracking in communication systems. The research has involved both theoretical and experimental studies for a variety of applications, and has been supported by several government agencies as well as industry The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview of the past research, and summarize some current research projects on adaptive antenna arrays at ESL.
ECG Wave-Maven: An Internet-based Electrocardiography Self-Assessment Program for Students and Clinicians

Purpose: To create a multimedia internet-based ECG teaching tool, with the ability to rapidly incorporate new clinical cases. Method: We created ECG Wave-Maven (http://ecg.bidmc.harvard.edu), a novel teaching tool with a direct link to an institution-wide clinical repository. We analyzed usage data from the web between December, 2000 and May 2002. Results: In 17 months, there have been 4105 distinct uses of the program. A majority of users are physicians or medical students (2605, 63%), and almost half report use as an educational tool. Conclusions: The internet offers an opportunity to provide easily-expandable, open access re-sources for ECG pedagogy which may be used to complement traditional methods of instruction.
The AGS Booster high frequency RF system

A high-level RF system, including a power amplifier and cavity, has been designed and built for the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) Booster. It covers a frequency range of 2.4 to 4.2 MHz and will be used to accelerate high-intensity protons, low-intensity polarized protons and heavy ions to the 1.5-GeV level. A total accelerating voltage of up to 90 kV will be provided by two cavities, each having two gaps. The internally cross-coupled, pushpull cavities are driven by an adjacent power amplifier. In order to accommodate beam intensities of up to 0.75*10/sup 13/ protons per bunch, a low plate resistance power tetrode is used. The tube anode is magnetically coupled to one of the cavity's two parallel cells. The amplifier is a grounded cathode configuration driven by a remotely located solid-state amplifier. It has been tested in the laboratory at full gap voltage with satisfactory results. >
Adaptive filtering using filter banks

This paper derives a theory for adaptive filters which operate on filter bank outputs, here called filter bank adaptive filters (FBAFs). It is shown how the FBAFs are a generalization of transform domain adaptive filters and adaptive filters based on structural subband decompositions. The minimum mean-square error performance and convergence properties of FBAFs are determined as a function of filter bank used. A parametrization for a class of FIR perfect reconstruction filter banks is derived which is used to design FBAF's having optimal error performance given prior knowledge of the application. Simulations are performed to illustrate the derived theory and demonstrate the improved error performance of the FBAFs relative to the LMS algorithm, when prior knowledge is incorporated.
Low-dose chronic inhalation of diesel exhaust and/or coal dust by rats: effect of age and exposure on lung and liver cytochrome P-450

1. Rats were exposed by inhalation to low levels of diesel exhaust and/or coal dust, seven hours/day, five days/week for 24 months.2. Cytochrome P-450-associated benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activities were assayed in lung and liver microsomes after 3, 6, and 24 months.3. When data were analysed across all time intervals and adjusted for age, lower benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity was observed in lung microsomes from rats exposed to diesel exhaust plus coal dust than in those exposed to coal dust alone.4. Data are discussed in terms of (a) interaction between diesel exhaust and coal dust and (b) effect of infectious agents.
A selectively-energy-absorbing nanoporous system

By forcing an aqueous solution of N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid ammonium salt in a hydrophobic nanoporous silica gel, the external work can be largely dissipated due to the amplified capillary effect. The sorption isotherm curve is two-staged, and the height and the width of stage-I infiltration plateau can be adjusted separately by controlling the liquid composition. It provides a scientific basis for developing selective protection and damping liquids. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Degradation of thin tunnel gate oxide under constant Fowler-Nordheim current stress for a flash EEPROM

The degradation of thin tunnel gate oxide under constant Fowler-Nordheim (FN) current stress was studied using flash EEPROM structures. The degradation is a strong function of the amount of injected charge density (Q/sub inj/), oxide thickness, and the direction of stress. Positive charge trapping is usually dominant at low Q/sub inj/ followed by negative charge trapping at high Q/sub inj/, causing a turnaround of gate voltage and threshold voltage. Interface trap generation continues to increase with increasing stress, as evidenced by subthreshold slope and transconductance. Gate injection stress creates more positive charge traps and interface traps than does substrate injection stress. Oxide degradation gets more severe for thicker oxide, due to more oxide charge trapping and interface trap generation by impact ionization. A simple model of oxide degradation and breakdown was established based on the experimental results. It indicates that the damage in the oxide is more serious near the anode interface by impact ionization and oxide breakdown is also closely related to surface roughness at the cathode interface. When all the damage sites in the oxide connect and a conductive path between cathode and anode is formed, oxide breakdown occurs. The damage is more serious for thicker oxide because a thicker oxide is more susceptible to impact ionization.
Developmental Diagnostic Reports: Reliable and Effective Alternatives To Guide Individualized Intervention:

With the rise of mandated services for young handicapped children, school psychologists, early educators, and parents need to combine their efforts to accurately assess and program for them. The diagnostic psychoeducational report is a vital step in the process of clearly communicating information regarding child capabilities so that individualized interventions can be designed. However, descriptive research, as well as the criticisms of parents and teachers, suggests that traditional diagnostic reports are ineffective as guides to curriculum planning. This study employed in-service workshops and simulated exercises with groups of early childhood teachers (N = 48) to evaluate the effective features of diagnostic reports that make them useful to teachers for individualized curriculum planning. Results support the advantages of using developmentally based reports to facilitate program planning. Suggestions for enhancing diagnostic reports are discussed.
New Instrumentation in Argonne’s Hvem-Tandem Facility: Expanded Capability for in Situ Ion Beam Studies+

During 1995, a state-of-the-art intermediate voltage electron microscope (IVEM) has been installed in the HVEM-Tandem Facility with in situ ion irradiation capabilities similar to those of the HVEM. A 300 kV Hitachi H-9000NAR has been interfaced to the two ion accelerators of the Facility, with a spatial resolution for imaging which is nearly an order of magnitude better than that for the 1.2 MV HVEM which dates from the early 1970s. The HVEM remains heavily utilized for electron- and ion irradiation-related materials studies, nevertheless, especially those for which less demanding microscopy is adequate. The capabilities and limitations of this IVEM and HVEM are compared. Both the HVEM and IVEM are part of the DOE funded User Facility and therefore are available to the scientific community for materials studies, free of charge for non-proprietary research.
Furunori (aged wheat starch paste): challenges of production in non‐traditional settings

Furunori (aged wheat starch paste) is a traditional adhesive used to bond layers of paper and/or silk in the mounting of Japanese scrolls. It differs from fresh wheat starch paste in texture, consistency, tack and ageing characteristics. Furunori is produced in traditional Japanese mounting studios using the same general process: paste is cooked as for fresh wheat starch paste, placed in large storage jars, covered with a layer of water and stored in a cool environment. For a number of years, conservators in the East Asian Paintings Conservation Studio (EAPCS) at the Freer Gallery of Art, USA, have been trying to make furunori with limited success. This article addresses various adaptations of the process of making furunori in a non‐traditional setting. The authors take a brief look at the starting material, wheat starch, and its manufacture in Japan as well as the chemistry of the process by which fresh wheat starch paste is transformed into furunori with long‐term storage. A thorough description of the ...
Investigating the preservation of nitrate isotopic composition in a tropical ice core from the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru

The nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in ice cores offers unique potential for examining reactive nitrogen oxide (NOx) budgets and oxidation chemistry of past atmospheres. A low-latitude record is of particular interest given that the dominant natural sources of NOx and production of hydroxyl radical are most prevalent in the tropics. Any interpretation of nitrate in ice cores, however, must first consider that nitrate in snow is vulnerable to postdepositional loss and isotopic alteration. We report and assess the integrity of nitrate–δ15N, –δ18O, and –Δ17O in a 30 m ice core from a high-elevation site in the central Andes. Clear seasonality in δ15N, δ18O, and nitrate concentration exists throughout most of the record and cannot be explained by photolysis or evaporation based on our current understanding of these processes. In contrast, nitrate in the upper ~12 m of the core and in a snowpit shows very different behavior. This may reflect alteration facilitated by recent melting at the surface. The relationships between δ15N, δ18O, Δ17O, and concentration in the unaltered sections can be interpreted in terms of mixing of nitrate from discrete sources. Transport effects and an englacial contribution from nitrification cannot be ruled out at this time, but the observed isotopic compositions are consistent with expected signatures of known NOx sources and atmospheric oxidation pathways. Specifically, nitrate deposited during the wet season reflects biogenic soil emissions and hydroxyl/peroxy radical chemistry in the Amazon, while dry season deposition reflects a lightning source and ozone chemistry at higher levels in the troposphere.
Multi-threshold threshold elements

A multi-threshold element is one in which several thresholds are used to separate the true inputs from the false inputs. Many circuit elements and configurations can be described by this model. An approach, based on conventional single-threshold threshold elements, is developed for the analysis and synthesis of multithreshold threshold elements. It is shown that the basic properties of such elements are similar to conventional threshold elements, and that k-threshold threshold-element realizability of an arbitrary n-variable Boolean function can be related to conventional threshold-element realizability of a related (n+k-1)-variable Boolean function. Foundations for two basically different methods for the synthesis of a single-element realization of an arbitrary Boolean function are developed, as are procedures for transforming such a realization into both two-level and multilevel loop-free networks of k-threshold threshold elements k?1. Every element in the networks has the identical weight vector for the independent variables, which is some-times desirable. The transformation technique is a useful approach to the synthesis of functions by networks of conventional threshold elements. It is proved that if the given function requires a k-threshold threshold element, then at least [k/2+I] conventional threshold elements in a two-level network or [1+log 2 k] such elements in a multilevel network are required. Transformations are given for corresponding minimum-gate networks. Electronic-circuit realizations of multi-threshold elements and some logical-design applications of the multi-threshold approach to network design are discussed. The latter indicate that this approach can be easy to use and can result in economical realizations.
The use of fibrin sealant in urology.

Purpose: Fibrin sealant has been increasingly applied in various surgical fields, including urological surgery, in the last 2 decades. We determined the safety and efficacy of fibrin sealant in urological surgery and identified areas that need further clinical investigation.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search of all available literature regarding the use of fibrin sealant was performed. All articles, including experimental animal studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series and case reports of fibrin sealant for hemostasis and/or other urological applications, were identified and reviewed.Results: Prospective randomized studies in the field of thoracic and trauma surgery show the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for hemostasis. Based on these data fibrin sealant has been used successfully for hemostasis during partial nephrectomy and traumatic renal reconstruction. A number of experimental animal studies, case series and case reports show the efficacy of fibrin sealant for ureteral...
Imagery and Fantasy in Vietnam Veteran Psychiatric Inpatients

Aspects of volitional and spontaneous imagery/fantasy are examined in hospitalized psychiatric patients with and without combat experience in Vietnam. The ability to create deliberate auditory imag...
Third party information in forensic assessment.

Third-party information in forensic assessment is obtained from sources other than the individual being evaluated, most often from relevant records or interviews of collateral observers. Although third-party information (TPI) has long played an important role in forensic assessment, there has been relatively little discussion of why it is important or focused analysis of the relevant research, law, ethics, and practice literature in this area. This chapter provides such a discussion. TPI is described as particularly important in forensic assessment for a number of reasons, including its facilitation of assessing response style and testing hypotheses, its application in recently developed assessment tools that require collateral sources, and its promotion of the effective and credible communication of findings. Relevant literature is reviewed in the areas of empirical research, law, ethics, and practice. The chapter also provides a discussion of how to obtain, weigh, and integrate information from third-party sources into the overall forensic assessment. Keywords: collateral information; collateral interviewing; forensic mental health assessment; records; third-party information
Halothane hepatitis with renal failure treated with hemodialysis and exchange transfusion.

A 38-year-old white female, hepatitis B antigen negative, developed fluminating hepatic failure associated with oliguria and severe azotemia after two halothane anesthesia and without exposure to other hepatotoxic drugs or blood transfusions. She was treated with multiple hemodialysis and exchange blood transfusion. The combined treatment corrected the uremic abnormalities and improved her level of consciousness. The liver and kidney function gradually improved, and she made a complete recovery, the first recorded with hepatic and renal failure under these post-anesthetic conditions. Further evaluation of this combined treatment used for this patient is warranted.
Does the Q Angle Reflect the Force on the Patella in the Frontal Plane

Background and Purpose. The quadriceps femoris muscle angle (Q angle) is used to reflect the quadriceps femoris muscle's force on the patella in the frontal plane. We found no studies, however, that validate this assumption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Q angle can be used to represent the force on the patella in the frontal plane. Subjects. Seven lower extremities from four male cadavers were dissected and investigated. Methods. We devised a model in which the line of action of quadriceps femoris muscle's resultant force was calculated in the frontal plane on the seven lower-extremity specimens. We then compared these calculations with the Q angles from the same cadaver specimens. The differences between the measured and calculated Q angles were tested for significance using a paired t test. In addition, we calculated a simple linear regression to test the relationship between the calculated and measured Q angles. Results. Our data showed that the angle for the average resultant force of the quadriceps femoris muscle was 3.90 degrees greater (P=.0003) than the measured Q angles. A significant relationship (r=.919, P=.0035), however, was found between the measured and calculated Q angles. Conclusion and Discussion. The Q angle, as measured in clinical practice, appears to reflect the angle of the resultant quadriceps femoris muscle force. We believe, however, that this measurement is significantly less than the actual quadriceps femoris muscle force vector and underestimates the lateral force on the patella.
Automated Pricing in a Multiagent Prediction Market Using a Partially Observable Stochastic Game

Prediction markets offer an efficient market-based mechanism to aggregate large amounts of dispersed or distributed information from different people to predict the possible outcome of future events. Recently, automated prediction markets where software trading agents perform market operations such as trading and updating beliefs on behalf of humans have been proposed. A challenging aspect in automated prediction markets is to develop suitable techniques that can be used by automated trading agents to update the price at which they should trade securities related to an event so that they can increase their profit. This problem is nontrivial, as the decision to trade and the price at which trading should occur depends on several dynamic factors, such as incoming information related to the event for which the security is being traded, the belief-update mechanism and risk attitude of the trading agent, and the trading decision and trading prices of other agents. To address this problem, we have proposed a new behavior model for trading agents based on a game-theoretic framework called partially observable stochastic game with information (POSGI). We propose a correlated equilibrium (CE)-based solution strategy for this game that allows each agent to dynamically choose an action (to buy or sell or hold) in the prediction market. We have also performed extensive simulation experiments using the data obtained from the Intrade prediction market for four different prediction markets. Our results show that our POSGI model and CE strategy produces prices that are strongly correlated with the prices of the real prediction markets. Results comparing our CE strategy with five other strategies commonly used in similar market show that our CE strategy improves price predictions and provides higher utilities to the agents compared to other existing strategies.
A numerical study of shear layer characteristics of low-speed transverse jets

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) are used to study the shear layer characteristics of a jet in a crossflow. Experimental observations by Megerian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129) at velocity ratios ( ) of 2 and 4 and Reynolds number ( ) of 2000 on the transition from absolute to convective instability of the upstream shear layer are reproduced. Point velocity spectra at different points along the shear layer show excellent agreement with experiments. The same frequency ( ) is dominant along the length of the shear layer for , whereas the dominant frequencies change along the shear layer for . DMD of the full three-dimensional flow field is able to reproduce the dominant frequencies observed from DNS and shows that the shear layer modes are dominant for both the conditions simulated. The spatial modes obtained from DMD are used to study the nature of the shear layer instability. It is found that a counter-current mixing layer is obtained in the upstream shear layer. The corresponding mixing velocity ratio is obtained, and seen to delineate the two regimes of absolute or convective instability. The effect of the nozzle is evaluated by performing simulations without the nozzle while requiring the jet to have the same inlet velocity profile as that obtained at the nozzle exit in the simulations including the nozzle. The shear layer spectra show good agreement with the simulations including the nozzle. The effect of shear layer thickness is studied at a velocity ratio of 2 based on peak and mean jet velocity. The dominant frequencies and spatial shear layer modes from DNS/DMD are significantly altered by the jet exit velocity profile.
CULEX TRITAENIORHYNCHUS GILES

A Pakistan strain of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was exposed to conditions of 18, 22, 28 and 34°C at 16L : 8D and 18 and 22°C at 9L : 15D in an incubator. Cooler temperatures reduced immature survival from eclosie n to emergence and slowed the rate of development resulting in larger and heavier adults at emergence with increased energy reserves in the form of triglycerides. The rate of mating, blood feeding and the synthesis of triglycerides from sucrose increased as a function of temperature. Shcrt day length further slowed the rate of development increasing the size and weight, but not triglyceride content, of adults at emergence. The insemination rate also decreased under shorter day length. These results suggested that cold-induced quiescence, but not necessarily diapause, was induced by the present experimental regimens.
Preparatory Immunodiffusion for Production of Specific Anti-Adult Southern Pine Beetle Serum

Preparatory immunodiffusion was used to produce an antiserum specific for the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimm.), and the black turpentine beetle, D. terebrans (Olivier). Precipitin bands were excised from two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion agar gel plates of crude antigen and antiserum, extracted in saline, emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and injected subcutaneously near the inguinal lymph nodes of rabbits. The specific antiserum did not cross react with Ips avulsus Eichhoff, I. calligraphus Germar, or I. grandicollis (Eichhoff) when tested at high antigen concentrations by agar gel double diffusion, Crowle's template micro-double diffusion, two-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion, counter immunoelectrophoresis, or cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis with immunofixation. The antiserum is genus specific in all tests, and species specific when run in the agar gel double diffusion test against a standard Dendroctonus antigen (7.0 mg protein/ ml).
Depth of discussion of multicultural identities in supervision and supervisory outcomes

The present study empirically examined the relationship between perceived depth of discussion of multicultural identities in clinical supervision and supervision outcomes in 132 practicum trainees and interns from American Psychological Association-accredited doctoral programs in counseling, clinical, and combined psychology. Results indicated that ethnic minority trainees and gay, lesbian, and bisexual trainees perceived increased depth of discussion of their corresponding identities compared to White trainees and heterosexual trainees, respectively. However, women and men reported no difference in perceptions of depth of discussion regarding gender. Perceived depth of discussions of three multicultural identities (gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation) was significantly and positively correlated with supervisory working alliance, multicultural intervention self-efficacy, and general counseling self-efficacy, and significantly and negatively correlated with role ambiguity and role conflict. Thes...
Secondary Succession in the Sagebrush Semidesert 66 Years After Fire in the Great Basin, USA

ABSTRACT: The invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) creates multiple challenges as it spreads across the Great Basin, fueling repeated wildfires and dominating large expanses of land that were once sagebrush shrublands. The replacement of shrublands by annual grasslands has been widespread and much research has focused upon loss of wildlife habitat, altered fire regimes, and degraded ecosystem function. Monitoring of short-term plant community reassembly occurs in these systems, but considerably less is known about the long-term succession of native plant communities after fire. Using repeated measures in time over a 66-year period, we examined the species composition of two shrubland sites in the Great Basin. The sites burned completely in 1947 and density data on herbaceous species were reported one year and 41 years after the fire. At both sampling intervals, B. tectorum and other annual invasive species, dominated the sites. Our resampling 25 years later found B. tectorum no longer mainta...
The surgical approach for revision total knee arthroplasty

A key to the success of revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe surgical approach using an exposure that minimises complications. In most patients, a medial parapatellar arthrotomy with complete synovectomy is sufficient. If additional exposure is needed, a quadriceps snip performed through the quadriceps tendon often provides the additional exposure required. It is simple to perform and does not alter the post-operative rehabilitative protocol. In rare cases, in which additional exposure is needed, or when removal of a cemented long-stemmed tibial component is required, a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) may be used. Given the risk of post-operative extensor lag, a V-Y quadricepsplasty is rarely indicated and usually considered only if TTO is not possible.
The analysis of clinical drug-use of 130 cases of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Objective: To know the conditions of 130 cases and clinical drug-use of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in our hospital?Methods: Through 130 cases of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy from Apr 2003 to Mac 2004 in our hospital, the clinical dates were analysed retrospectively. Results: In the 130 cases, there are 39 kinds of complications; the first four agent medicines were antibacterials, vitamin K1, nicholin and radix salviae miltiorrhizae, the frequences of use were 97.7%, 94.6%, 93.0%, and 92.3%. Conclusion: The clinical use of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy drugs in our hospital is reasonable, but there are some problems needing improving.
Neonatal cholestasis. New approaches to diagnostic evaluation and therapy.

This article discusses the various conventional and unconventional diagnostic modalities for cholestasis in infancy, which pose a challenge to pediatricians. A systematic approach to the evaluation and management of neonatal cholestasis is discussed. The controversies surrounding the treatment of biliary atresia with the advent of liver transplantation are addressed.
Human papillomavirus vaccine development

The greatest successes in combating important viral infections have been achieved using vaccines, A vaccine to prevent genital tract human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, especially those types associated with genital tract malignancy, could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cervical and other genital tract cancers. However, several barriers currently stand in the way of HPV vaccine development. The immunological response to natural HPV infection is incompletely understood and there is uncertainty about which viral antigen(s) should be included in a candidate vaccine. It is clear that immunization of several animal species with the L1 major capsid protein (usually in the form of virus-like particles) spurs the production of anti-HPV antibodies that are neutralizing in several assay systems. However, it is not clear if neutralizing antibody will be present in the genital tract in sufficient quantities to block infection. A second problem is the lack of a reliable serological assay for HPV. This is a major problem for clinical trials in which the identification of susceptible individuals, and incident Infections usually relies on serological diagnosis. Finally, there is also interest in the development of a vaccine that is used to treat individuals who are already infected- a therapeutic vaccine. It is likely that a therapeutic vaccine will need to target different or additional antigens to those comprising a prophylactic vaccine.
Device identification using active noise interrogation and RF-DNA "fingerprinting" for non-destructive amplifier acceptance testing

The cost of quality is critical to all industrial processes including microwave device production, which is often labor intensive and subject to production defects. Early defect detection can improve quality and reduce cost. A novel approach to defect detection has been demonstrated using a random noise radar (RNR), coupled with Radio Frequency Distinctive Native Attributes (RF-DNA) fingerprinting processing algorithms to non-destructively interrogate microwave devices. The RNR is uniquely suitable since it uses an Ultra Wideband (UWB) noise waveform as an active interrogation method that will not cause damage to sensitive microwave components and multiple RNRs can operate simultaneously in close proximity, allowing for significant parallelization of defect detection systems. Previous experimentation has demonstrated the ability to discern antenna loads and fault conditions, and identify faulty elements in a phased array antenna. This paper extends this method into identifying faulty conditions of devices behind a receive antenna such as typical microwave amplifiers. This method can be used during amplifier production to quickly identify and isolate faulty device production.
Dual Processes Interacting in Moral Deliberation

This chapter considers the possible ways of developing a model whereby Type 1 and Type 2 moral cognitions may interact in moral deliberation. The model of reflective equilibrium of John Rawls, Martha C. Nussbaum’s version of perceptual equilibrium, and William James’s notion of the mediating attitude are explored and criticized. Then a dual process model of moral deliberation is proposed that provides roles for both Type 1 and Type 2 processes through a narrative bridge. The functioning of the model is illustrated through a brief example, and then attention is given to the importance of aesthetic sensibilities for the functioning of the model.