cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diving Behavior of Emperor Penguins Nurturing Chicks at Coulman Island, Antarctica

At the largest known Emperor Penguin colony, we determined general features of Emperor Penguin foraging commutes. The time selected for the study was one month before fledging, when maximum growth of the chicks occurs. Time/depth recorders were attached and retrieved from five adults as they departed from and returned to the colony. Nearly 16,000 dives were logged, of which 7,562 were estimated to be for foraging. Duration of the commutes averaged 14.9 days during which the birds averaged a total of 3,188 dives or 213 dives per day. Dives 400 m were restricted to 05:00 to 19:00 hr. The deepest dive was 534 m and the longest was 15.8 min to a depth 100 m the rates fell between 1.0 to 2.0 m sec −1 . The rates never exceeded 2.5 m sec −1 . Bottom time fraction was 0.22 to 0.28 of total dive time, for dives > 100 m. Although few in number, occurrence of dives > 450 m appeared consistently during the commute of every bird and suggests some important but unknown function. Because dives >400 m occurred only during high sun periods, it is proposed that such dives may not occur during the austral winter night. From behavioral data it appears that the aerobic dive limit (ADL) of about 8 min is nearly twice the calculated ADL. If this is so, then < 5% of all dives exceed the ADL. Diving efficiency derived from diving and surface time in relation to bottom time declines by 50% between 100 m and 300 m dives
Enzymatic Liberation of Inorganic Phosphate from Adenosinetriphosphate by Tissues of Molgula manhattensis.

SummaryThe enzymatic liberation of inorganic phosphate from adenosine-triphosphate was tested with homogenates of the pharynx, the gonads, the excretory organ, the stomach and the gut of the tunicate Molgula manhattensis (DeKay). The activity in the gut was found to be more than 4 times as high as in the stomach and 20-40 times as high as in the other tissues. The activity in the gut of Molgula was compared with the activities observed by other authors in vertebrate tissues and it was found to be twice that observed in mammalian muscle.
Cloning and expression of the cDNA coding for aequorin, a bioluminescent calcium-binding protein.

Abstract Aequorin is a bioluminescent protein which consists of a polypeptide chain (apoaequorin), coelenterate luciferin, and bound oxygen. Aequorin produces blue light upon binding Ca 2+ . We have isolated six recombinant pBR322 plasmids which contain apoaequorin cDNA sequences. A mixed synthetic oligonucleotide probe was used to identify these cDNAs. An extract of an E . coli strain possessing the largest cDNA contained apoaequorin. This apoaequorin can be converted to aequorin in the presence of coelenterate luciferin, 2-mercaptoethanol, and O 2 . This cDNA is therefore apparently full-length.
p-nitrobenzamide substituted phosphorus(V) porphyrins: synthesis and interactions with DNA

Four new phosphorus(V) porphyrins were designed and synthesized. The compounds were diaxially substituted with 4-nitrobenzamide. The axial ligands were attached to the P(V) center of the porphyrins through methylene linkers of different lengths. DNA titrations showed the expected porphyrin binding. When exposed to 532 nm laser light, which corresponds to the porphyrin Q band, the photosensitizers induced DNA nicking. Inhibition of the nicking by sodium azide suggested participation of singlet oxygen in the process. Photoexcitation with 305 nm laser light, which corresponds to absorption of 4-nitrobenzamide, also resulted in DNA damage. Due to the lack of electronic communication between the axial ligands and the porphyrin, the desired pathway of DNA cleavage was chosen by selecting a proper wavelength of the light used for photoexcitation. The activities of the porphyrins in photoinduced DNA nicking were very similar in both experiments: irradiation with 305 and 532 nm light, and were inversely correlated with the length of the linkers.
Stripes or Spots? Nonlinear Effects in Bifurcation of Reaction-Diffusion Equations on the Square

Bifurcation to spatial patterns in a two-dimensional reaction-diffusion medium is considered. The selection of stripes versus spots is shown to depend on the nonlinear terms and cannot be discerned from the linearized model. The absence of quadratic terms leads to stripes but in most common models quadratic terms will lead to spot patterns. Examples that include neural nets and more general pattern formation equations are considered.
Sparse reproducing kernels for modeling fiber crossings in diffusion weighted imaging

Using existing estimators found in High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI), such as the Orientation Probability Distribution Function (OPDF) of Aganj et al., we develop a new mathematical framework for implementing HARDI. In contrast to traditional methods based on spherical harmonics, the framework is based on a reproducing kernel formalism combined with recently developed Gaussian-like quadratures for the sphere, which leads to an efficient and sparse representation for HARDI estimators. We demonstrate that the new framework results in reconstructions that are more robust to noise and have better angular resolution, compared to spherical harmonic based reconstructions.
Solution of time-dependent PDE through rapid estimation of block Gaussian quadrature nodes

Abstract The stiffness of systems of ODEs that arise from spatial discretization of PDEs causes difficulties for both explicit and implicit time-stepping methods. Krylov Subspace Spectral (KSS) methods present a balance between the efficiency of explicit methods and the stability of implicit methods by computing each Fourier coefficient from an individualized approximation of the solution operator of the PDE. While KSS methods are explicit methods that exhibit a high order of accuracy and stability similar to that of implicit methods, their efficiency needs to be improved. A previous asymptotic study of block Lanczos iteration yielded estimates of extremal block Gaussian quadrature nodes for each Fourier component and led to an improvement in efficiency. In this paper, a more detailed asymptotic study is performed in order to rapidly estimate all nodes, thus drastically reducing computational expense without sacrificing accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate that the new node estimation scheme does in fact accomplish these aims.
Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae).

Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is recognized as the vector of citrus leprosis virus that is a significant problem in several South American countries. Citrus leprosis has been reported from Florida in the past but no longer occurs on citrus in North America. The disease was recently reported in Central America, suggesting that B. phoenicis constitutes a potential threat to the citrus industries of North America and the Caribbean. Besides B. phoenicis, B. obovatus Donnadieu, and B. californicus (Banks) have been incriminated as vectors of citrus leprosis virus and each species has hundreds of host plants. In this study, Brevipalpus mite specimens were collected from different plants, especially citrus, in the States of Florida (USA) and Sao Paulo (Brazil), and reared on citrus fruit under standard laboratory conditions. Mites were taken from these colonies for DNA extraction and for morphological species identification. One hundred and two Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were scored along with amplification and sequencing of a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment (374 bp). Variability among the colonies was detected with consistent congruence between both molecular data sets. The mites from the Florida and Brazilian colonies were morphologically identified as belonging to B. phoenicis, and comprise a monophyletic group. These colonies could be further diagnosed and subdivided geographically by mitochondrial DNA analysis.
An illustration of the utility of state plane-coordinate systems

In the minds of most persons there exists a psychological reaction against approximations. Approximations smack of rule of thumb. They introduce accidental errors that may accumulate and they are frequently dangerous if not used with thorough appreciation of their limitations. In the field of surveying and mapping, the measurements made in the field must be checked by geometry and reduced to a consistent geometric figure. As the shape of the Earth is not yet completely determined, any geometric check of field-measurements is bound to introduce a certain approximation. If the approximation is small enough, that is, considerably less than the probable resulting error, no harm can result.
Wortmannin inhibits carcinogen-stimulated phosphorylation of ethanolamine and choline

We have previously reported that in C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts the environmental carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) stimulated phosphorylation of ethanolamine (Etn). Here we show that in these fibroblasts DMBA also stimulates phosphorylation of choline (Cho). Wortmannin (50–200 nM), an established inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), significantly inhibited DMBA-induced phosphorylation of both Etn and Cho. Wortmannin also inhibited the effect of insulin, a major activator of PI3K, on DNA synthesis. However, insulin had no effect on the phosphorylation of Etn and Cho. These data suggest that a carcinogen-induced kinase phosphorylates both Etn and Cho, and that the inhibitory effect of wortmannin on Etn/Cho kinase activity may be unrelated to its inhibitory effect on PI3K activity.
Probing multi-walled nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites with ionizing radiation

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and multi-walled nanotube (MWNT)/PMMA composites were irradiated in air. The constant dose rate was 985 rad/min at a dose of 5.7 Mrad using a Cesium-137 source. The samples were then analyzed by dielectric analysis (DEA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Vickers microhardness. The MWNT/PMMA composites were found to show increased radiation hardness with respect to the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. The dielectric properties were changed more significantly for the composites than for the neat PMMA. In addition, initial aging studies were performed on the irradiated samples after 3 months via DMA. The results indicate that multi-walled nanotubes may enhance radiation hardness of mechanical properties in PMMA.
ECG Changes and Voltage Attenuation in Congestive Heart Failure

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is invaluable in providing diagnosis, prognosis, and information for decision making in the management of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). In addition to the traditional applications of the ECG, which are of importance in the management of patients with CHF, and include indeed the bulk of ECG derived information, a recently described association of peripheral edema with attenuated ECG voltage, provides an expanded dimension in diagnostics. These attenuations result in decreased amplitude of QRS complexes, P-waves, and shortened duration of QRS complexes and QT intervals, with significant diagnostic implications. Alleviation of peripheral edema in response to diuresis in patients with CHF reverses all above alterations.
Robust performance: unknown disturbances and known fixed inputs

This paper addresses the robust performance problem when the system under consideration is subjected to norm bounded time-varying uncertainty. Different performance objectives are considered, and computable bounds are obtained for the worst case performance in various norms. In some important cases, it is shown that these bounds are tight, giving simple exact formulas for computing robust performance measures. One of the important features of these formulas is that they enable the direct and exact calculation of a number of worst cast performance measures while avoiding entirely the iterations needed for computing these measures by existing methods that rely on repeated scalings and spectral radius bound evaluations.
Power dissipation requirements in slow light devices

Various slow light schemes are analyzed to determine power dissipation per stored bit. It is shown that required dissipated power increases quite nonlinearly reaching unsustainably high values for the storage capacities needed for optical buffers.
Data and time abstraction techniques for analyzing multilevel concurrent systems

It is argued that the design and analysis of a concurrent system can be made simpler and more intuitive if execution times of abstract operations are arbitrarily but systematically defined. This technique (time abstraction) is complementary to data abstraction and is more effective when used in combination with data abstraction. As examples, a bounced-buffer monitor and a multilevel concurrency scheme for a database system are analyzed by using data and time abstraction. >
Analysis of the small RNA P16/RgsA in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000

Bacteria contain small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are responsible for altering transcription, translation or mRNA stability. ncRNAs are important because they regulate virulence factors and susceptibility to various stresses. Here, the regulation of a recently described ncRNA of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, P16, was investigated. We determined that RpoS regulates the expression of P16. We found that deletion of P16 results in increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide compared to the wild-type strain, suggesting that P16 plays a role in the bacteria’s susceptibility to oxidative stress. Additionally the P16 mutant displayed enhanced resistance to heat stress. Our findings provide new information on the regulation and role of this ncRNA in P. syringae.
IRON-FORTIFIED SYRUP BLENDS: PREPARATION, CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATION

Stable iron-containing syrups were developed to provide a liquid iron source that could be conveniently added to foods. Iron-fortified syrups were prepared by combining either corn syrup or sucrose, or both, with water, heating to boiling, cooling to 180–200°F and blending in an aqueous iron solution. Syrups were all-sucrose (67% solids); blends of 15% sugar (sucrose) with either regular or high-conversion corn syrups (75% solids). Iron sources were ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric choline citrate and ferrous gluconate at the available iron level of 0.015% (100 mg/pint). These iron-fortified syrups were stable during storage for 2 months at 120°F, 6 months at 100°F and 1 year at 77° except for combinations of ferrous forms with blends containing either 15% sugar and regular corn syrup or ferrous sulfate in all-sugar. Although flavor evaluations indicate that iron is readily detectable, iron-fortified syrups had satisfactory flavors before and after storage. These fortified syrups seem suitable for enrichment of infant formulas
Use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and dentin matrix protein-1 to enhance the osteointegration of the Onplant system.

Onplants™ are known to provide absolute anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement in humans if loaded after 3 to 4 months, and can be removed after use. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the speed and effectiveness of osteointegration of onplants treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and/or dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) in rabbits. Fifty-four onplants were placed on the calvaria of 9 rabbits. Onplants were divided into four groups: rBMP-2, rDMP-1, BMP-2+DMP-1 (B+D), and controls. The hydroxyapatite surface of each onplant was soaked in a solution of the assigned protein in each of the study groups or a phosphate buffer solution in the control group. Onplants were inserted into subperiosteal tunnels and allowed to heal for 6 weeks. After euthanizing the animals, bone blocks, each containing an onplant, were prepared for either histological examination or biomechanical characterization. Histological and histomorphometric results demonstrated significant bone formation...
Individualized and Group-Based Views of Participation in Decision Making:

Previous research has examined the effect of participation in decision making on various psychological and managerial variables, but has often overlooked levels of analysis considerations. In this study, levels of analysis were considered explicitly from theoretical and empirical perspectives to better understand participation in decision making. In a first demonstration of a new method to the participation literature, results from Within and Between Analysis (WABA) suggested that relationships between participation in decision making and several job activities and employee outcomes were based on between-groups differences. Some support also was obtained for an individual view of the associations between participation in decision making and activities and outcomes.
The relationship between cognitive functions and behavioral deviance in children at risk for psychopathology.

Previous studies have generally found that children at risk for psychopathology (i.e. children characterized by risk factors such as parental psychopathology and maltreatment) display more deviant behavior and cognitive dysfunctions than children not at risk. The present study examined the relationship between behavioral deviance and cognition in children characterized by a variety of risk factors (parental schizophrenia, parental psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia, parental maltreatment). The results indicated that the effects of parental schizophrenia could be distinguished from the more generalized effects of maltreatment and that cognitive deficits were associated with schizoid behavior in children at risk for schizophrenia. These findings suggest that cognitive ability may serve as a moderator of vulnerability to maladjustment in children at risk for schizophrenia.
The Explanatory and Predictive Scope of Self-Efficacy Theory

Convergent evidence from the diverse lines of research reported in the present special issue of this journal attests to the explanatory and predictive generality of self-efficacy theory. This commentary addresses itself to conceptual and empirical issues concerning the nature and function of self-percepts of efficacy.
Anything Goes? Science and Social Constructions in Competing Discourses

This paper examines, then disproves, the claim that social work practices based upon postmodern thought are either anti-science, or at the very least, weak on their respect for and application of scientific knowledge. Postmodern thought does attack the epistemological theory of positivism as well as the correspondence theory of truth. Hence, postmodern social work practices do seek to displace the role that scientific knowledge plays in guiding the helping situation. Rather than diagnosing causes and effects in a problem-solving endeavor, science is used to circumscribe the boundaries within which a postmodern endeavor at consciousness-raising takes place. Describing this new role for scientific knowledge within postmodern practice is the object of this study.
Still Lost in Translation

?Habla espanol? Bạn co noi tiếng việt? If you don’t, then make sure you bring the interpreter into that patient’s room. Not only is it likely your hospital’s policy and a Joint Commission requirement,1 but it’s also good medical care. The pediatric literature over the past few decades has highlighted the importance of quality interpretation for Limited English Proficient (LEP) patients to provide quality care. For a decade, Glen Flores has pointed out the health risks associated with not speaking English.2 Poor outcomes such as disparities in care, adverse events, readmissions and medical errors all can complicate a hospitalization of a patient with LEP. In this month’s Hospital Pediatrics, researchers from Seattle Children’s add to the growing literature of challenges faced …
The Red Pencil

Lately the SPIE journals editorial staff has been scanning additional pages of the manuscript so that I can get a better feel for the quality of writing beyond the abstract before I assign an Associate Editor to the paper. Based on my ability to understand and follow the initial exposition, I can decide whether to assign the paper or return it to the authors without review with an appropriate explanation. Although this may seem a bit severe, I believe the authors and the reviewers will gain in the long run because the reviews will be more timely and we do not place demands on our reviewers that make their evaluation more difficult.
Polyamine transport is mediated by both endocytic and solute carrier transport mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract

The polyamines spermidine and spermine, and their precursor putrescine, are required for cell growth and cellular functions. The high levels of tissue polyamines are implicated in carcinogenesis. The major sources of exogenous polyamines are diet and intestinal luminal bacteria in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Both endocytic and solute carrier-dependent mechanisms have been described for polyamine uptake. Knocking down of caveolin-1 protein increased polyamine uptake in colon cancer-derived HCT116 cells. Dietary supplied putrescine was accumulated in GI tissues and liver in caveolin-1 knockout mice more than wild-type mice. Knocking out of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), which has been implicated in the release of exogenous polyamines from internalized vesicles, abolished the accumulation of dietary putrescine in GI tissues. Under conditions of reduced endogenous tissue putrescine contents, caused by treatment with the polyamine synthesis inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), small intestinal and colonic mucosal polyamine contents increased with dietary putrescine levels, even in mice lacking NOS2. Knocking down the solute carrier transporter SLC3A2 in HCT116-derived Hkh2 cells reduced the accumulation of exogenous putrescine and total polyamine contents in DFMO treated cells, relative to non-DFMO-treated cells. These data demonstrate that exogenous putrescine is transported into GI tissues by caveolin-1- and NOS2-dependent mechanisms, but that the solute carrier transporter SLC3A2 can function bidirectionally to import putrescine under conditions of low tissue polyamines.
Conditions for Gaussian long term manufacturing processes

The manufacturing community defines capability indices for manufacturing processes applicable time-wise for both long term and short term processes. The long term process distribution can be constructed from the consolidation of the data sets that was used to estimate the multiple short term distributions. There is a tendency for Gaussian distributed short-term processes to exhibit time sensitive random variation in the mean, while the short-term standard deviation remains unchanged. A mathematical model for construction of the long-term distribution from consolidation of short-term histograms will be discussed. Also, it can be shown the long term process will be Gaussian distributed if the mean for the short term processes is a random variable which is distributed Gaussian. A simple rule for predicting the long term (composite) variance is derived.
Computational Creativity Tools for Songwriters

This paper describes two natural language processing systems designed to assist songwriters in obtaining and developing ideas for their craft. Titular is a text synthesis algorithm for automatically generating novel song titles, which lyricists can use to back-form concepts and narrative story arcs. LyriCloud is a word-level language "browser" or "explorer," which allows users to interactively select words and receive lyrical suggestions in return. Two criteria for creativity tools are also presented along with examples of how they guided the development of these systems, which were used by musicians during an international songwriting contest.
Operator variables in successful hypnotherapy

Abstract Much of the literature about hypnosis focuses on description of techniques, characteristics of subjects or patients, and outcomes of hypnotherapy rather than on characteristics of the hypnotherapist. Good hypnotherapists share the characteristics of good therapists, including confidence and sensitivity, flexibility and persistence, and empathy and a realistically objective outlook. In addition, the use of hypnosis in therapy may lead to differential or intensified therapist and patient reactions, largely in the areas of countertransference and transference and in shifts in intimacy and attachment between therapist and patient. The master-apprentice model, in which beginning hypnotherapists may identify with experienced practitioners, is suggested as the way to learn clinical hypnosis. Case material is presented to illustrate operator variables and reactions.
Differential Pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Clinical Isolates in BALB/c Mice

Airway mucus is a hallmark of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract illness. Laboratory RSV strains differentially induce airway mucus production in mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RSV strains differ in pathogenesis by screening six low-passage RSV clinical isolates for mucogenicity and virulence in BALB/cJ mice. The RSV clinical isolates induced variable disease severity, lung interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels, and gob-5 levels in BALB/cJ mice. We chose two of these clinical isolates for further study. Infection of BALB/cJ mice with RSV A2001/2-20 (2-20) resulted in greater disease severity, higher lung IL-13 levels, and higher lung gob-5 levels than infection with RSV strains A2, line 19, Long, and A2001/3-12 (3-12). Like the line 19 RSV strain, the 2-20 clinical isolate induced airway mucin expression in BALB/cJ mice. The 2-20 and 3-12 RSV clinical isolates had higher lung viral loads than laboratory RSV strains at 1 day postinfection (p.i.). This increased viral load correlated with higher viral antigen levels in the bronchiolar epithelium and greater histopathologic changes at 1 day p.i. The A2 RSV strain had the highest peak viral load at day 4 p.i. RSV 2-20 infection caused epithelial desquamation, bronchiolitis, airway hyperresponsiveness, and increased breathing effort in BALB/cJ mice. We found that RSV clinical isolates induce variable pathogenesis in mice, and we established a mouse model of clinical isolate strain-dependent RSV pathogenesis that recapitulates key features of RSV disease.
Web sites selling cigarettes: how many are there in the USA and what are their sales practices?

Objectives—To estimate the number and geographic location of web sites selling cigarettes in the USA, and to examine their sales and marketing practices. Methods—Comprehensive searches were conducted using four keyword terms and five popular internet search engines, supplemented by sites identified in a news article. Over 1800 sites were examined to identify 88 internet cigarette vendors. Measures—Trained raters examined the content of each site using a standardised coding instrument to assess geographic location, presence of warnings, products sold, and promotional strategies. Setting—USA. Results—Internet cigarette vendors were located in 23 states. Nearly half (n = 43) were located in New York state, and many were in tobacco producing states with low cigarette excise taxes. Indian reservations housed 49 of the 88 sites. Only 28.4% of sites featured the US Surgeon General’s health warnings and 81.8% featured minimum age of sale warnings. Nearly all sites (96.6%) sold premium or value brand cigarettes, 21.6% sold duty-free Marlboros, and 8.0% sold bidis. Approximately one third featured special promotional programmes. Conclusions—Internet cigarette vendors present new regulatory and enforcement challenges for tobacco control advocates because of the diYculty in regulating internet content and because many vendors are on Indian reservations. (Tobacco Control 2001;10:352‐359)
On Structured Singular Values

The author shows how to estimate the norm of the smallest block-structured additive perturbation of a block 2*2 matrix that makes it singular. The estimates are accurate to within a factor of at most 3/sup 3/2/ (a factor of three for real matrices) and work for all possible block perturbation of a block 2*2 matrix and for a large class of matrix norms, including all p-norms and the Frobenius norm. Using an algorithm of W. Hager (1984) the author estimates bounds even for large matrices. He explicitly exhibits rank one or rank two perturbations which achieve his upper bounds. These explicit perturbations can be used as starting values for an optimization routine designed to compute the answer to higher accuracy than the present a priori estimates provide. These results extend to some block perturbations of 3*3 block matrices, although the upper and lower bounds may not always be close. >
Controlling the conductivity of InN

InN has emerged as a highly promising material for a number of technological applications, but progress is still hampered by lack of control over its conductivity. The material exhibits a high tendency for unintentional n-type conductivity, both in the bulk and on the surface. We discuss the origins of this conductivity, considering point defects, impurities, and surface states. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory, with suitable band-gap corrections, have been fruitfully applied to investigate doping issues. The results indicate that native point defects are unlikely to be the source of bulk conductivity and that attention should be focused on unintentional incorporation of impurities. In particular, hydrogen is a prime candidate for shallow donors in InN. Both interstitial and substitutional hydrogen have high solubility and give rise to n-type conductivity. Substitutional hydrogen consists of H sitting on a nitrogen site, bonding equally to the four In nearest neighbors in a multicenter-bond configuration (a highly unusual type of chemical bond). Substitutional hydrogen, somewhat counterintuitively, is a double donor. With regard to p-type doping, Mg is a promising acceptor in InN. Its ionization energy is ∼0.2 eV and it has lower formation energy in InN than in GaN. The problems encountered in p-type doping of InN are therefore not due to the properties of the acceptor, but to compensation by native defects or unintentional impurities acting as donors. In addition to the bulk conductivity, accumulation of electrons has been almost universally observed on InN surfaces. While donor impurities adsorbed on the surface could of course contribute to this conductivity, we have proposed that the accumulation layers are an intrinsic property of the material that can be attributed to the fact that on polar surfaces occupied surface states are located above the conduction-band minimum (CBM). Fermi-level pinning occurs due to occupied surface states above the CBM, for all In/N ratios, thus explaining the observed electron accumulation. Interestingly, we have found an absence of electron accumulation on nonpolar surfaces of InN at moderate In/N ratios, in agreement with experimental observations on cleaved surfaces. Consequences for growth as well as for devices will be discussed.
Adaptive prediction and control of harmonic signals in electric power systems

The objective of this work is to reduce the negative effects of harmonic signals in electric power distribution systems. The unknown time-varying magnitudes and phase angles of harmonics are modeled as parameters in an ARMAX model. Adaptive predictors are used to estimate future values of the harmonic components in load currents. Having the prediction of the harmonic component of the load current available in advance, the compensation can be done at the correct time with minimum amount of mismatch between the load current and the compensated current. Due to different computation and implementation time requirements, experimentation with predictors having different "look-ahead" horizons is carried out. Results of simulations with one- and two-step-ahead predictions are presented.
Application of calcite Mg partitioning functions to the reconstruction of paleocean Mg/Ca

Abstract Calcite Mg/Ca is usually assumed to vary linearly with solution Mg/Ca, that a constant partition coefficient describes the relationship between these two ratios. Numerous published empirical datasets suggests that this relationship is better described by a power function. We provide a compilation of these literature data for biotic and abiotic calcite in the form of Calcite Mg/Ca = F(Solution Mg/Ca)H, where F and H are empirically determined fitting parameters describing the slope and deviation from linearity, respectively, of the function. This is equivalent to Freundlich sorption behavior controlling Mg incorporation in calcite. Using a power function, instead of a partition coefficient, lowers Phanerozoic seawater Mg/Ca estimates based on echinoderm skeletal material by, on average, 0.5 mol/mol from previous estimates. These functions can also be used to model the primary skeletal calcite Mg/Ca of numerous calcite phases through geologic time. Such modeling suggests that the Mg/Ca of all calcite precipitated from seawater has varied through the Phanerozoic in response to changing seawater Mg/Ca and that the overall range in Mg/Ca measured among various calcite phases would be greatest when seawater Mg/Ca was also high (e.g., “aragonite seas”) and lowest when seawater Mg/Ca was low (e.g., “calcite seas”). It follows that, during times of “calcite seas” when the seawater Mg/Ca is presumed to have been lower, deposition of calcite with low Mg contents would have resulted in a depressed drive for diagenetic stabilization of shelfal carbonate and, in turn, lead to greater preservation of crystal and skeletal microfabrics and primary chemistries in biotic and abiotic calcites.
Contribution of milk-clotting enzymes and plasmin to cheese ripening.

Cheese ripening involves several biochemical processes including: proteolysis, lipolysis and lactose/lactate metabolism. Of these processes, proteolysis is most significant because it results in the breakdown of the structural network of casein formed during cheese manufacture, thereby transforming a rubbery “green” cheese to a soft and smooth aged (mature) cheese. Proteolysis also enhances the release of flavor compounds during maturation (ripening) of cheese. The major proteolytic changes that occur in cheese during ripening are summarized in the following reaction steps: I. protein-----------------→large peptides II. large peptides ---------------→ small peptides, tripeptides, dipeptides III. small peptides --------------→ amino acids, amides and ammonia
Beyond representation: Exploring participation in and through technology at an alternative newspaper in El Salvador

RESUMEN Este estudio de caso etnografico explora si y como el periodico alternativo salvadoreno Diario CoLatino incorporo las nuevas tecnologias, especialmente las redes sociales, para fomentar la participacion ciudadana en el proceso de comunicacion (en tecnologia) y en una esfera discursiva mas grande (a traves de la tecnologia). Este estudio contribuye a la literatura academica mediante la inclusion de la tecnologia como fundamental para el estudio de los medios alternativos y por la expansion de nuestra conceptualizacion de la brecha digital para incluir si los medios sociales se utilizan en maneras “libertadoras”. ABSTRACTThis ethnographic case study explores whether and how the Salvadoran alter-native newspaper Diario CoLatino incor -porated new technologies, specifically online social media, to encourage citi-zen participation in the media process (in technology) and in a larger discur-sive sphere (through technology). This study contributes to the literature by including technology as fundamental to the study of alternative media and by expanding our conceptualization of the digital divide to include whether social media are used in “liberating” ways.RESUMOEste estudo de caso etnografico inves-tiga se e como o jornal alternativo Dia-rio CoLatino de El Salvador incorporou novas tecnologias, em especial as redes sociais, para promover a participacao dos cidadaos no processo midiatico (na tecnologia) e em uma esfera discursiva maior (atraves da tecnologia). Este estudo contribui para a literatura academica ao incluir a tecnologia como elemento fun -damental para o estudo de meios alterna -tivos e ao expandir nossa conceituacao da brecha digital considerando se e que as midias sociais sao usadas de manei-ras “libertadoras”.
The hardness of data packing

A program can benefit from improved cache block utilization when contemporaneously accessed data elements are placed in the same memory block. This can reduce the program's memory block working set and thereby, reduce the capacity miss rate. We formally define the problem of data packing for arbitrary number of blocks in the cache and packing factor (the number of data objects fitting in a cache block) and study how well the optimal solution can be approximated for two dual problems. On the one hand, we show that the cache hit maximization problem is approximable within a constant factor, for every fixed number of blocks in the cache. On the other hand, we show that unless P=NP, the cache miss minimization problem cannot be efficiently approximated.
Aortitis and Malacoplakia-like Lesions of the Brain in Association with Neonatal Herpes Simplex

A report of a case of a neonate with herpes simplex infection, who died 85 days after development of skin vesicles, is presented. The clinical course was characterized by lethargy, convulsions, abnormal spinal fluid findings, irritability, microcephaly, and failure to thrive. Herpesvirus was isolated from the spinal fluid, throat, and stool. Necropsy revealed large porencephalic cysts and massive destruction of the cerebral cortex, thickening of the aorta and narrowing of the ascending aortic branches, and small pinpoint nodules in the adrenal glands. Microscopically, severe necrotizing meningoencephalitis with massive calcification and curious malacoplakia-like bodies was seen in the brain; necrotizing vasculitis with severe intimal fibrosis, calcification and giant cells of the aorta and its ascending branches, and focal necrosis with calcification, fibrosis and giant cells were found in the adrenal glands. A discussion of involvement of the brain in cases of neonatal herpes simplex and vascular involvement by herpes and other viruses is also presented.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin combined with delta serum creatinine provides early risk stratification for adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study.

OBJECTIVES Novel biomarkers of renal injury appear inconsistent in identifying a creatinine-based diagnosis of acute kidney injury. To be clinically useful, novel acute kidney injury biomarkers should identify patients at increased risk for adverse outcomes that are a consequence of acute kidney injury earlier and with greater utility than conventional creatinine-based metrics. We sought to determine the prognostic utility of both urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and varying creatinine-based metrics of renal injury at multiple time points associated with cardiac surgery. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Six hundred three adults undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS Nil. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was measured at baseline and again less than 1 hour, 3 hours, and 18-24 hours after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Creatinine-based metrics included a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition of acute kidney injury through 7 days postoperatively as well as ΔSCr-initial, defined as the incremental change in SCr from baseline to first postoperative measure. Multivariable regression determined the prognostic utility of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and creatinine, alone and in combination, for the primary composite outcome of hospital mortality or renal replacement therapy. The primary outcome occurred in 25 patients. Adjusted for covariates ΔSCr-initial greater than or equal to 0.0 mg/dL provided early prognostic utility for the primary outcome (odds ratio, 8.9; 95% CI, 3.0-26.6), the odds ratio comparable to a creatinine-based Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition of acute kidney injury applied over 7 days postoperatively. The upper quartile of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin best predicted the primary outcome when measured 18-24 hours post-cardiopulmonary bypass (odds ratio, 18.6; 95% CI, 5.1-68.4; p = 0.001) with earlier post-cardiopulmonary bypass measures of uncertain utility. Combining both ΔSCr-initial and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measured 3 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass provided excellent early risk stratification for the primary outcome (odds ratio, 18.3; 95% CI, 4.5-75.0). CONCLUSIONS Combining urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin with a novel creatinine-based metric, both available soon after completion of surgery, may provide previously unavailable early and effective risk stratification for serious adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.
To gel or not to gel.

In this issue of Blood , Chernysh et al examine the pregelation phase of fibrin polymerization, and by demonstrating heterogeneous polymeric structures that progressively coalesce into scaffolds provide novel insights into this process with potential implications on circulating soluble fibrin.[1][1
A Longitudinal Examination of Wants-Out-of-Life Among Mid-Life Adults

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine change and stability in values among mid-life adults over time. Using longitudinal data from A Study of Leisure During Adulthood, values were measured using Kahle's List of Values. Data collected enabled researchers to examine mid-life adult values, or wants-out-of-life, without interruption for a ten year period of time. Findings revealed that wants-out-of-life remained relatively stable over time. Self-respect, self-fulfillment, and a sense of accomplishment received the highest overall mean ratings.
Cloning of E9 gene and expression of its protein

Objective To clone the gene of E9 from Culex pipiens,recombinant with PET- 32a vector and realize the expression of its protein in vitro. Methods Used of RT- PCR techniques,the E9 gene was cloned from the larva of Culex pipiens by species-specific primers,and the objective gene was bonded to PET- 32a vector through gene coupled action,recombinant plasmids were sequencing,and the gene was cloned into PET- 32a vector,then the recombinant plasmids were induced by isopropylthiogalactoside( IPTG) to express the proteins. The proteins were purified by Ni-column and detected by using Western-blot test. Results The E9 gene was successfully cloned from Culex pipiens,adding the enzyme site. No gene mutations were detected in the gene after sequencing. The expression plasmids were cut by the two enzyme( BamHⅠand NcoⅠ),the target band was seen on the results of electrophoresis. The expression plasmids were induced by IPTG and got the purified HIS fusion protein E9,which relative molecular weight was 80. 6 × 103. The results of Western-blot test confirmed that the antigenicity of the protein was precise. Conclusion E9 proteins can be expressed in a high efficiency in vitro using genetic engineering,so it provides a good basis for further research on its function,inhibitor screening and pesticide pollution environment management.
Dr. King and the Image of God: A Theology of Voting Rights in Ava DuVernay's Selma

This article argues that Ava DuVernay’s 2014 film Selma develops a theology of voting rights by staging a conflict between President Lyndon B. Johnson and political activist Martin Luther King, Jr. Though many reviewers fault the film for its besmirching portrayal of LBJ, DuVernay’s (mis)representations of Johnson establish a link between the Voting Rights Act of 1964 and King’s theological anthropology. In King’s view, mankind was created in the image of God, endowed with free will and the capacity to reason. The denial of Black voting rights, while literally depriving African Americans of their political agency, also represented the disavowal of God’s image, for King. DuVernay shows how King defers moral responsibility from himself to Johnson, who, equipped with the image of God, can make the rational free choice to pass legislation on Black voting rights and thereby restore Black political agency and, with it, the image of God.
Mechanism of Urea Conduction through H. Pylori UreI

The carcinogenic bacterium Helicobacter Pylori is found within the stomach of over 75% of the human population, and directly contributes to ailments such as gastritis, stomach ulcers, and stomach cancer. This neutrophile relies on the cytoplasmic hydrolysis of gastric urea into ammonia, which buffers the bacteria from the acidic environment. Urea uptake is a crucial mechanism of survival, and the protein HpUreI regulates and enhances this process. HpUreI is part of the urease operon in many bacteria. There are 7 genes in the urease operon, 2 of which are structural proteins, and 5 of which are accessory proteins. All of these proteins contribute directly to H. Pylori thriving in a low pH environment. The buffering action of the converted urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide boosts the local pH to 5.5 near the membrane. The structure of HpUreI protein shows two constriction sites in all six pores that allow water and urea to pass into the cytoplasm. This study reports results from various Molecular Dynamics simulations, including a high-concentration equilibration model saturated with urea, a steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation directing six ligands through each segment of the hexameric structure, and umbrella sampling simulations through the length of the pore. We report the energy profile identifying specific points of constriction and binding with both the ligand and free water saturating the structure.
The efficacy of two comprehensive perinatal programs on reducing adverse perinatal outcomes.

Through the collaboration among University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, Samuel Merritt College, and a private nonprofit, community-based medical center, the adequacy of two perinatal programs was assessed based on the pregnancy outcomes of teenaged Medi-Cal clients. Historical data from June 1991 to June 1992 were compiled on the pregnancy outcomes of 312 Medi-Cal clients, 12–18 years of age, delivering at the study medical center in Oakland, California. The effect of enrollment in two special perinatal programs, Comprehensive Perinatal Services Program (CPSP) and a school-based program, the Comprehensive Teenage Pregnancy and Parenting Program (CTAPPP), on the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes was examined. Adverse perinatal outcomes were defined as the occurrence of one of the following: low birthweight (
Chronic abdominal discomfort in a 47-year-old man.

(1998). Chronic Abdominal Discomfort in a 47-Year-Old Man. Hospital Practice: Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 157-158.
Eye Movements and Perception

Eye movements allow one to direct the gaze at objects of interest in the environment and to maintain fixation on an object even when it moves or when the head and body move. Physiological nystagmus refers to the constant jittering movements of the eyes that keep a fresh image of the world on the retina. Vestibular eye movements compensate for head and body movements to allow for maintained fixation on an object. Optokinetic eye movements also serve to maintain fixation on a single object when a large portion of the visual world is moving. Smooth pursuit eye movements are used to track a single moving object across the visual field, whereas vergence eye movements point the two eyes accurately at objects at different distances. Saccadic eye movements are rapid shifts of gaze that are made approximately three times each second while reading, while viewing pictures, and while exploring the visual environment. Saccadic suppression reduces the visibility of the retinal smear created by these rapid movements, while oculomotor information and relative visual position information combine to produce visual direction constancy and the perception of a stable and continuous visual world across eye movements.