cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES VERSUS THE EDDINGTON RATIO

We analyze UV spectra for a large sample of 578 type 1 active galactic nuclei and derive Eddington ratios, L/LEdd, from the bolometric luminosities and emission-line widths for each object in the sample. The sample spans 5 orders of magnitude in supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass, 7 orders of magnitude in luminosity, and a redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 5. We include a sample of 26 low-redshift narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1's) for comparative analysis. The NLS1's have slightly larger than average L/LEdd ratios (and smaller SMBH masses) for their luminosities, but those L/LEdd values are still substantially below the average for luminous quasars. A large fraction (27%) of the objects overall have L/LEdd > 1, which might be explained by nonspherically symmetric accretion. We find no trend between L/LEdd and either redshift or SMBH mass. Composite spectra sorted by L/LEdd show an unusual emission-line behavior: nearly constant peak heights and decreasing FWHMs with increasing L/LEdd. This is in marked contrast to the emission-line behaviors with luminosity, SMBH mass, and FWHM(C IV), which clearly show trends analogous to the Baldwin effect: decreasing line peaks and equivalent widths with increasing luminosity, SMBH mass, and FWHM. The origins of the unusual behavior with L/LEdd are not understood, but one implication is that metallicity estimates based on emission-line ratios involving nitrogen show no trend with L/LEdd in the composite spectra created from different ranges in L/LEdd. The NLS1 composite, however, shows a slightly high metallicity for its SMBH mass and luminosity. Our earlier work suggests that host galaxy mass, correlated with SMBH mass and AGN luminosity, is the fundamental parameter affecting broad emission line region metallicities. Some secondary effect, not related to L/LEdd, must be enhancing the metallicities in NLS1's.
Nanotechnology Research: Applications in Nutritional Sciences

The tantalizing potential of nanotechnology is to fabricate and combine nanoscale approaches and building blocks to make useful tools and, ultimately, interventions for medical science, including nutritional science, at the scale of approximately 1-100 nm. In the past few years, tools and techniques that facilitate studies and interventions in the nanoscale range have become widely available and have drawn widespread attention. Recently, investigators in the food and nutrition sciences have been applying the tools of nanotechnology in their research. The Experimental Biology 2009 symposium entitled "Nanotechnology Research: Applications in Nutritional Sciences" was organized to highlight emerging applications of nanotechnology to the food and nutrition sciences, as well as to suggest ways for further integration of these emerging technologies into nutrition research. Speakers focused on topics that included the problems and possibilities of introducing nanoparticles in clinical or nutrition settings, nanotechnology applications for increasing bioavailability of bioactive food components in new food products, nanotechnology opportunities in food science, as well as emerging safety and regulatory issues in this area, and the basic research applications such as the use of quantum dots to visualize cellular processes and protein-protein interactions. The session highlighted several emerging areas of potential utility in nutrition research. Nutrition scientists are encouraged to leverage ongoing efforts in nanomedicine through collaborations. These efforts could facilitate exploration of previously inaccessible cellular compartments and intracellular pathways and thus uncover strategies for new prevention and therapeutic modalities.
A new disease mimicking Refsum syndrome

In this issue of Neurology ®, Fiskerstrand et al.1 describe a novel family with a “Refsum-like disorder.” In one of those satisfying quirks of timing, it was precisely 25 years ago that another article appeared in Neurology by Refsum and colleagues describing the successful dietary treatment of a patient with Refsum disease.2 Sigvald Refsum (1907–1991), Norway’s best known neurologist, described the disease that bears his name in 1945/1946 and called it “heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis.”3 He went on to be Chair of the Neurology Department at Oslo from 1954 to 1978. The disease associated with …
Observations of Teleseismic P Wave Coda for Underground Explosions

The earlyP wave coda (5–15 sec after the first arrival) of underground explosions at the Nevada Test Site is studied in the time domain using 2082 teleseismic short-period recordings, with the intent of identifying near-source contributions to the signals in the frequency range 0.2–2.0 Hz. Smaller magnitude events tend to have relatively high coda levels in the 0.4–0.8 Hz frequency band for both Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa explosions. Coda complexity in this low-frequency passband is negatively correlated with burial depth for Pahute Mesa events but is only weakly correlated with depth for Yucca Flat events. Enhanced excitation of relatively long-period scattered waves for smaller, less deeply buried events is required to explain this behavior. Coda complexity in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band is positively correlated with magnitude and depth for Pahute Mesa events, but has no such dependence for Yucca Flat events. This may result from systematic variations between the spectra of direct signals and coda arrivals caused bypP interference for the largest events, all of which were detonated at Pahute Mesa. Another possible explanation is a frequency-dependent propagation effect on the direct signals of the larger events, most of which were located in the center of the mesa overlying strong lateral velocity gradients in the crust and upper mantle. Event average complexity varies spatially for both test sites, particularly in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band, providing evidence for frequency-dependent focussing or scattering by near-source structure. Both the direct arrivals and the early coda have strong azimuthal amplitude patterns that are produced by defocussing by mantle heterogeneity. The direct arrivals have stronger coherent azimuthal patterns than the early coda for Pahute Mesa events, indicating more pronounced deep crustal and shallow mantle defocussing for the direct signals. However, for Yucca Flat events the direct arrivals have less coherent azimuthal patterns than the coda, suggesting that a highly variable component of near-source scattering preferentially affecting the downgoing energy is superimposed on a pattern produced by mantle heterogeneity that affects the entire signal. This complicated behavior of the direct arrivals may be the result of triplications and caustics produced by the complex basement structure known to underlie the Yucca Flat test site. The presence of strong azimuthal patterns in the early coda indicates that source strength estimates based on early coda are subject to biases similar to those affecting estimates based on direct arrivals.
Computer-aided content-based cueing of remotely sensed images with the Image Content Engine (ICE)

Human analysts are often unable to meet time constraints on analysis and interpretation of large volumes of remotely sensed imagery. To address this problem, the Image Content Engine (ICE) system currently under development is organized into an off-line component for automated extraction of image features followed by user-interactive components for content detection and content-based query processing. The extracted features are vectors that represent attributes of three entities, namely image tiles, image regions and shapes, or suspected matches to models of objects. ICE allows users to interactively specify decision thresholds so that the content (consisting of entities whose features satisfy decision criteria) can be detected. ICE presents detected content to users as a prioritized series of thumbnail images. Users can either accept the detection results or specify a new set of decision thresholds. Once accepted, ICE stores the detected content in database tables and semantic graphs. Users can interactively query the tables and graphs for locations at which prescribed relationships between detected content exist. New queries can be submitted repeatedly until a satisfactory series of prioritized thumbnail image cues is produced. Examples are provided to demonstrate how ICE can be used to assist users in quickly finding prescribed collections of entities (both natural and man-made) in a set of large USGS aerial photos retrieved from TerraserverUSA
Pathogenesis of two strains of lion (Panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

Canine distemper virus (CDV) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. In 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. However, after severe mortality occurred in the Serengeti lions (Panthera leo), attention became focused on the patho- genesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as CDV or a closely related feline morbillivirus. The present study was designed to explore the susceptibility of ferrets to challenge with two morbilliviruses isolated from lions and the protective effects of a modified-live mink distemper vaccine. Because mortality in ferrets infected with pathogenic CDV approaches 100%, the ferret was selected as a test animal. Two strains of lion morbillivirus were used as a challenge, A92-27/20 (California lion isolate) and A94-11/13 (Serengeti lion isolate). The two strains of lion morbillivirus were antigenically related to CDV (Rockborn strain), and ferrets were susceptible to both of the viruses when inoculated intraperitoneally. The inoculated ferrets were anorectic at 5-6 days postinoculation (PI), exhibited oculonasal discharge at 9-12 days PI, and became moribund at 12-22 days PI. Severe bilateral conjunctivitis was the typical clinical sign. Inclusion bodies characteristic of morbillivirus (eosinophilic, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic) were distributed in many epi- thelial cells, including those of the skin, conjunctiva, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, trachea, lung, urinary bladder, and kidney. Virus was reisolated from selected lung tissues collected at necropsy and identified by CDV-specific immunofluorescence. Ferrets vaccinated with the mink distemper vaccine (Onderstepoort strain) were protected from challenge with the two lion strains, adding further support to the premise that the viruses are closely related to CDV. The host range of canine distemper virus (CDV) has come under intense scrutiny over the past few years in part because of observations of antigenically related morbilliviruses associated with or causing disease in a
Connecting to the Internet

To get online, a few pieces of electronic equipment, known as hardware, are necessary. A personal computer (PC) is first and foremost. PCs come in many shapes, sizes, brands, and price ranges. Two brands are commonly used: the Apple and the International Business Machines (IBM) computers. Technically, although Apple and IBM are brand names, they also represent a genre of computer. Most PCs fall into either the IBM or Apple genre. Compaq, Hewlett Packard, Packard Bell, Dell, Gateway, NEC, SONY, and many others are members of the IBM genre, and are often referred to as “IBM clones.” These computers use similar operating systems and software (programs) and, for the most part, are interchangeable. While very few Apple “clones” exist, software that functions on Apple computers generally is incompatible with the IBM genre. The IBM computer and its clones generally use the Windows operating systems, manufactured by Microsoft.
In Vitro Production of an Extracellular Protease by Legionella pneumophila

Abstract Extracellular protease activity was measured in liquid cultures of representative strains from six serotypes of Legionella pneumophila. A variety of substrates were degraded, including denatured casein, skim milk, gelatin, and hide powder azure, but not elastin.
Fertility treatment options for HIV-infected individuals

Many HIV-serodiscordant couples desire children and physician-assisted techniques can help individuals achieve pregnancy while reducing the risk of seroconversion in their seronegative partner. For HIV-seropositive males, sperm washing with intrauterine insemination (SW-IUI) was introduced in Europe in the early 1990s, while in the USA in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) has been primarily used to reduce the risk of viral transmission. When properly applied to well-selected populations, no seroconversion has been reported with either of these methods. Within the last 5 years, randomized controlled studies have demonstrated the efficacy of daily pre-exposure prophylaxis in reducing the risk of seroconversion in couples having intercourse when an HIV-seropositive male has undetectable viral loads. In both the USA and Europe, favorable reproductive outcomes have been reported for HIV-seropositive females undergoing IUI and IVF-ICSI. Herein, we review the use of various con...
Feedback control of surface roughness using the linearized stochastic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

In this paper, we control the roughness of a surface described by the linearized stochastic Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation (KSE), a fourth-order stochastic partial differential equation. We initially reformulate the linearized stochastic KSE into a system of infinite stochastic ordinary differential equations by using modal decomposition. A finite-dimensional approximation of the linearized stochastic KSE is then derived that captures the dominant mode contribution to the surface roughness. A state feedback controller is designed based on the finite-dimensional approximation to control the surface roughness. Analysis of the closed-loop system shows that the controller can drive the surface roughness governed by the infinite-dimensional system to a desired level. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
The effect of juvenile hormone on temporal polyethism in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus

Juvenile hormone (JH) has an important role in the behavior of eusocial Hymenoptera. Previous work has shown that JH influences aggression and dominance behavior in primitive eusocial insects that lack discrete queen and worker castes (e.g. Bombus bees and Polistes wasps). In contrast, JH is one of the factors that mediates temporal polyethism among workers in advanced eusocial insects that have reproductive castes (e.g. Apis bees and Polybiawasps). Therefore, initial observations suggest that JH may have different roles in primitive and advanced eusocial taxa. Here, we use detailed behavioral observations of marked individuals to test whether JH influences temporal polyethism in the primitive eusocial wasp Polistes dominulus. First, we show that workers in P. dominulus have an age-related division of labor, as workers switch from nest work to foraging as they mature. Then, we show that application of JH accelerates the onset of foraging behavior.Workers treated with JH start foraging at a younger age than control workers. Therefore, JH mediates temporal polyethism in the primitively eusocial insect Polistes dominulus.
Of Escherichia coli and Man: Understanding Glioma Resistance to Temozolomide Therapy

Our understanding of the human cellular response to DNA alkylating agents has its origin in a rich history of genetic experimentation in prokaryotic model systems, including the bacterium Escherichia coli. The recent clinical finding that chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent, temozolomide, improved survival in patients afflicted with malignant gliomas has heightened interests in translating this understanding into therapeutic strategies. Because the molecular responses to temozolomide and other DNA alkylating agents are similar between humans and many prokaryotes, insights garnered from bacterial genetics may facilitate such translation. Studies in both prokaryotic and human systems reveal that the cellular response to temozolomide involves a dynamic network of interacting pathways. Given this complexity, it is perhaps not surprising that any single genetic alteration may confer either sensitivity or resistance to temozolomide depending on the context of other interacting pathways. Thus, models of the cellular resistance to temozolomide should account for the network of interacting pathways rather than focusing on any single canonical pathway.
Internal transcribed spacer region evolution in Larix and Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae)

The nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has been characterized in the sister genera Larix and Pseudotsuga (Pinaceae). Complete sequences were obtained for seven species of Larix from North America and Eurasia and five species of Pseudotsuga from western North America and eastern Asia. ITS region lengths ranged from 1759 to 1770 bp in Larix and from 1564 to 1571 bp in Pseudotsuga. In both genera, ITS1 is three times as long as the 5.8S plus ITS2 and contains subrepeats as observed in other genera of Pinaceae. Secondary structure models predicted that the subrepeats fold into terminal stem and loop domains. ITS polymorphism detected within individuals of Larix and Pseudotsuga suggests a slow rate of concerted evolution among nrDNA loci. Except for the placement of L. sibirica, phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region agreed with previously reported restriction site analyses of Larix and Pseudotsuga. The data were not consistent with phylogenetic hypotheses for Larix based primarily upon ovulate cone characters, failing to support a derivation of the North American L. laricina from a short-bracted Eurasian lineage. The phylogenetic hypothesis did not conflict with a stepping stone model of evolution for Pseudotsuga, but a basal lineage could not be inferred for either genus.
The general solution of the Low equation for KΛ-scattering

A derivation is given of the general solution of the static baryon Low equation for K- LAMBDA scattering. This model was previously used to indicate possible ambiguities in the terms elementary and bound-state as applied to particles. The solution can be used to establish this result from a general viewpoint that may possibly be applicable to more realistic models. (auth)
Sedimentological constraints on the origins of Precambrian iron-formations

A reconnaissance study of six Precambrian cherty iron-formations revealed two dominant patterns of sedimentation. Three of the iron-formations consist largely or entirely of chemical mud (lutite), whereas chemical sands (arenite) are dominant in the other three. The sedimentary structures of the lutitic iron-formations (= classical banded iron-formation) indicate that they were deposited in basinal environments, whereas the arenitic iron-formations have sedimentary structures indicative of platformal sedimentation. Where contacts are conformable, the lutitic iron-formations are sandwiched between other basinal deposits, predominantly flysch sequences. In contrast, arenitic iron-formations are overlain by flysch-type units but underlain by high-energy shelf sandstones. When combined with mineralogical and textural data, these interpretations place certain constraints on the origins of iron-formation, including the following. 1. Iron-formations were deposited in marine environments that were highly variable but exclusively or largely subtidal. 2. Surface waters were sufficiently oxidizing to preclude their transporting any ferrous iron in true solution. 3. The sources of the chemical sediments that ultimately became iron-formation were located to basinward of the depositional environments. 4. Iron-formation deposition was superimposed on existing physical environments. Most iron-formations described in the literature appear to have characteristics that are compatible with these constraints, although some of the iron-formations of the Transvaal Basin of South Africa are notable exceptions. The model for the origin of iron-formations that is most easily reconciled with the sedimentological constraints proposed here is that iron-formations are primarily exhalative or hydrothermal in origin. This fact, combined with several independent lines of evidence, indicates that an exhalative origin far the large, early Proterozoic iron-formations is a hypothesis that deserves critical re-examination.
Climbing Fiber Function: Regulation of Purkinje Cell Responsiveness

Since the intriguing theoretical paper by Marr (1969) on cerebellar cortical function, considerable attention has been directed towards the climbing fiber afferent system’s role in motor learning. According to this hypothesis (see also Gilbert (1975) and Albus (1971)), climbing fiber afferent input produces a persistent modification in the strength of the parallel fiber synapses on Purkinje cell dendrites. Subsequently it was proposed that this mechanism mediated the adaptation of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain (Ito 1972, 1979, Ito and Mijshita 1975, Robinson 1976). Supporting experiments showed that the inhibitory action of Purkinje cells on vestibular neurons was dependent on the integrity of the olivocerebellar system (Ito et al. 1978, 1979). Since these initial observations there has been considerable controversy concerning the role of the climbing fiber system in modifying the plasticity of the VOR (Miles et al. 1980, Demer and Robinson 1982, Lisberger 1982) and the efficacy of Purkinje cell action on their target neurons (Montarolo et al. 1981, Benedetti et al. 1983).
A transport model for optical tomography in turbid media

A transport model for optical tomography in turbid media based on radiative transfer and cumulant approximation describes correctly photon migration at early times and reduces at long times to the diffusion approximation. It can conveniently replace the diffusion approximation.
Progressive types

As modern type systems grow ever-richer, it can become increasingly onerous for programmers to satisfy them. However, some programs may not require the full power of the type system, while others may wish to obtain these rich guarantees incrementally. In particular, programmers may be willing to exploit the safety checks of the underlying runtime system as a substitute for some static guarantees. Progressive types give programmers this freedom, thus creating a gentler and more flexible environment for using powerful type checkers. In this paper we discuss the idea, motivate it with concrete, real-world scenarios, then show the development of a simple progressive type system and present its (progressive) soundness theorem.
Subclinical ADHD-Symptoms Are Associated with Executive-Functioning and Externalizing Problems in College Students without ADHD-Diagnoses

This study investigated whether problem behaviors, typically associated with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, would also be associated with subclinical ADHD symptoms within a non-clinical college sample. These are symptoms characteristic of ADHD, which are insufficient to warrant a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD. Self-ratings of behaviors known to be comorbid with ADHD (Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD) behaviors, risk-taking, and Executive-Functioning (EF) problems) were examined as predictors of self-ratings of ADHD symptoms. Measures of ODD symptoms, risk-taking, and EF behavioral problems (related to poor management of time) significantly predicted ADHD symptoms, as measured by Barkley’s ADHD Combined Subscale. These predictors accounted for 26% of the variance. The same measures predicted symptoms of ADHD, Inattentive type, as measured by Barkley’s Inattentiveness (IA) Subscale, and accounted for 30% of the variance. For the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Subscale (HI), the ODD measure significantly entered the equation, while the other two measures were borderline significant, accounting altogether for 10% of the variance. As hypothesized, the EF measure was the strongest predictor for IA, and the ODD measure was the strongest predictor for HI. In conclusion, problem behaviors comorbid with a formal clinical ADHD diagnosis were found to be significantly associated with subclinical ADHD symptoms within a non-clinical sample of college students, as indicated by the substantial proportion of the variance they accounted for in predicting the Barkley’s’ Combined and Inattentiveness Subscales, and to a lessor extent for the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Subscale. This indicates that college students with ADHD symptoms may have substantial problems not only with their ADHD symptoms, but also with executive functioning and externalizing behaviors associated with these symptoms.
Reaction-diffusion process driven by a localized source: First-passage properties

We study a reaction-diffusion process that involves two species of atoms, immobile and diffusing. We start with only immobile atoms uniformly distributed throughout the entire space. Diffusing atoms are injected at the origin by a source that is turned on at time t=0. When a diffusing atom collides with an immobile atom, the two atoms form an immobile stable molecule. The region occupied by molecules is asymptotically spherical with radius growing as t(1/d) in d≥2 dimensions. We investigate the survival probability that a diffusing atom has not become a part of a molecule during the time interval t after its injection. We show that, asymptotically, the survival probability (i) saturates in one dimension, (ii) vanishes algebraically with time in two dimensions (with exponent being a function of the dimensionless flux and determined as a zero of a confluent hypergeometric function), and (iii) exhibits a stretched exponential decay in three dimensions.
Neuroregeneration: Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases accounting for approximately more than 40 million patients worldwide. Progress in the fundamental understanding and effective therapy of these diseases has been hindered by the failure of currently FDA-approved pharmacological agents and the lack of research models that properly recapitulate disease pathology. One promising approach for the treatment of these diseases is regenerative medicine and its associated technologies. The rise of stem cells technology, cellular replacement, gene therapy, and immunomodulation together present an opportunity for novel combination approaches for AD and PD treatment. Additionally, fundamental studies of human-derived cellular environments may enable truly personalized medicine. In this Chapter, we review these technologies for disease modeling and therapeutic intervention in AD and PD and discuss current challenges associated with their clinical translations.
The Failure of the Welfare State and the Breakdown of the Family

Never before has such a cultural firestorm erupted over the words of a sitting public official. Conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh, speaking of former Vice President Dan Quayle’s family values speech, marked May 11, 1992, as the “formal Declaration of the Culture War.” The substance of Quayle’s speech was much overlooked, with exception to one sentence: Quayle’s criticism of “a TV show’s glamorization of unwed motherhood.”“It doesn’t help matters when prime time TV has Murphy Brown - a character who supposedly epitomizes today’s intelligent, highly paid, professional woman - mocking the importance of fathers, by bearing a child alone, and calling it just another ‘lifestyle choice,’” Quayle said. This sentence, more than any other, ignited a national debate of family values and personal responsibility. However, the message Quayle tells us is much more important than a single sentence. It will be demonstrated through a presentation of social science research that this family breakdown can be directly contributed to a failed welfare system.
Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma to the nose: report and review of cutaneous metastases of papillary thyroid cancer.

Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma typically appears in local lymph nodes. Skin metastases are rare.A man with progressive metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma who developed a cutaneous metastasis on his nose is described. The clinical manifestations of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma to skin are reviewed.PubMed was used to search the following terms, separately and in combination: basal, cancer, carcinoma, cell, cutaneous, kinase, inhibitor, metastases, nose, papillary, rearranged during transfection, receptor, RET, thyroid, tyrosine, vandetanib.Pathologic changes observed on the biopsy of the man's nose lesion were similar to those of his original cancer. Genomic evaluation of the tumor revealed an aberration involving the rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase. The residual tumor was excised. Treatment with vandetanib, a RET inhibitor was initiated; his metastatic disease has been stable, without symptoms or recurrent cutaneous metastasis, for 2 years following the discovery of his metastatic nose tumor.Papillary thyroid carcinoma with skin metastases is rare. Nodules usually appear on the scalp or neck; the thyroidectomy scar is also a common site. Metastatic tumor, albeit infrequently, can present as a nose lesion. The prognosis for patients with cutaneous metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma is poor. However, with the ability to test the tumor for genomic aberrations, molecular targeted therapies-such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors-may provide extended survival in these individuals.
A low-affinity human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor/murine erythropoietin hybrid receptor functions in murine cell lines

To identify domains in hematopoietic growth factor receptors that are important for signal transduction, a hybrid receptor (GMER) was constructed by splicing the DNA of the entire extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha 2 subunit (GMR) to the cytoplasmic domain of the murine erythropoietin receptor (mEpoR). The hybrid receptor was introduced into the interleukin-3 factor-dependent murine hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3. Cells that expressed high receptor numbers were selected by cell sorting using phycoerythrin-labeled human GM-CSF. Immunoprecipitation of GMER from Ba/F3 cells showed a band with an Mr of 105,000 daltons. Human GM-CSF binding to Ba/F3 cells that expressed GMER showed a kd of 3.0 nmol/L and 475 binding sites/cell, while the same cells that expressed GMR had 300 sites/cell and a kd of 3.5 nmol/L. The proliferative response to GM-CSF of Ba/F3 cells that expressed GMER showed 1/2 maximal cell growth (as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation) at a GM-CSF concentration of 2.5 x 10(-8) mol/L. When cultured in human GM-CSF, Ba/F3-GMER cells expressed cell surface glycophorin. Similar results were obtained with Ba/F3 cells transfected with the mEpoR and cultured in erythropoietin. Expression of GMR plus the human GM-CSF receptor beta chain in the same cell line also resulted in human GM-CSF stimulated proliferation; however, cell surface glycophorin was not detected. These data show that a low-affinity GM-CSF/Epo hybrid receptor can promote GM-CSF-dependent proliferation and can induce the expression of glycophorin, an erythroid-specific protein.
Significant Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Setting of Massive Bee Venom–Induced Coagulopathy: A Case Report

Bees and wasps of the Hymenoptera order are encountered on a daily basis throughout the world. Some encounters prove harmless, while others can have significant morbidity and mortality. Hymenoptera venom is thought to contain an enzyme that can cleave phospholipids and cause significant coagulation abnormalities. This toxin and others can lead to reactions ranging from local inflammation to anaphylaxis. We report a single case of a previously healthy man who presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and anaphylaxis after a massive honeybee envenomation that caused a fall from standing resulting in significant head injury. He was found to have significant coagulopathy and subdural bleeding that progressed to near brain herniation requiring emergent decompression. Trauma can easily occur to individuals escaping swarms of hymenoptera. Closer attention must be paid to potential bleeding sources in these patients and in patients with massive bee envenomation.
Torture and the Commitment Problem

We study torture as a mechanism for extracting information from a suspect who may or may not be informed. We show that a standard rationale for torture generates two commitment problems. First, the principal would benefit from a commitment to torture a suspect he knows to be innocent. Secondly, the principal would benefit from a commitment to limit the amount of torture faced by the guilty. We analyse a dynamic model of torture in which the credibility of these threats and promises is endogenous. We show that these commitment problems dramatically reduce the value of torture and can even render it completely ineffective. We use our model to address questions such as the effect of enhanced interrogation techniques, rights against indefinite detention, and delegation of torture to specialists.
The Fisk channels and the De Soto crossing (A.D. 1541): A clarification:

Students of the Hernando De Soto expedition are in general agreement that he crossed the Mississippi River at Quizquiz on June 18, 1541. There has been considerable debate about the location of Quizquiz, but not a great deal about the location of the Mississippi River when De Soto crossed it. Following the conclusion of Phillips in the Phillips, Ford, and Griffin volume it was generally assumed that Fisk’s River Stage 15 approximated the location of the river in 1541. This conclusion is questioned and more appropriate channel correlations are suggested.
A critical discourse analysis of teacher-student relationships in a third-grade literacy lesson: Dynamics of microaggression

AbstractThis study focuses on a recording from a week of third-grade classroom sessions. The recording was used to train new teachers in a certification program and provided data for a learning community that was studying classroom discourse. The third-grade teacher was described as being “outstanding” and “culturally responsive” by the university professor who had been using the recording to train teacher candidates. The teacher was indeed innovative in supporting cultural diversity and was responsive to all students throughout the week, except during a particular literacy lesson, the subject of this study. Critical discourse analysis revealed prioritizing White males, disrespecting a Mexican-American boy and neglecting females. The recording was later withdrawn from the certification program because it did not reflect exemplary teaching, yet its initial use points to an urgent educational problem: even experienced teachers exhibit microaggressions toward students of color and female students, and expert...
Crystal Plasticity Modeling of Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Fields During Processing of Metals Using Spectral Databases

This article reviews the advances made in the development and implementation of a novel approach to speeding up crystal plasticity simulations of metal processing by one to three orders of magnitude when compared with the conventional approaches, depending on the specific details of implementation. This is mainly accomplished through the use of spectral crystal plasticity (SCP) databases grounded in the compact representation of the functions central to crystal plasticity computations. A key benefit of the databases is that they allow for a noniterative retrieval of constitutive solutions for any arbitrary plastic stretching tensor (i.e., deformation mode) imposed on a crystal of arbitrary orientation. The article emphasizes the latest developments in terms of embedding SCP databases within implicit finite elements. To illustrate the potential of these novel implementations, the results from several process modeling applications including equichannel angular extrusion and rolling are presented and compared with experimental measurements and predictions from other models.
Efficacy and tolerability of biweekly gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GEMCIS) or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel (GEMPAC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

e15006 Background: Cisplatin, gemcitabine and paclitaxel are active chemotherapeutic agents for invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Biweekly administration of gemcitabine in combina...
4-1BB-enhanced expansion of CD8+ TIL from triple-negative breast cancer unveils mutation-specific CD8+ T cells

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highly infiltrated with CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been associated with improved prognosis. This observation led us to hypothesize that CD8+ TIL could be utilized in autologous adoptive cell therapy for TNBC, although this concept has proven to be challenging, given the difficulty in expanding CD8+ TILs in solid cancers other than in melanoma. To overcome this obstacle, we used an agonistic antibody (urelumab) to a TNFR family member, 4-1BB/CD137, which is expressed by recently activated CD8+ T cells. This approach was first utilized in melanoma and, in this study, led to advantageous growth of TILs for the majority of TNBC tumors tested. The agonistic antibody was only added in the initial setting of the culture and yet favored the propagation of CD8+ TILs from TNBC tumors. These expanded CD8+ TILs were capable of cytotoxic functions and were successfully utilized to demonstrate the presence of immunogenic mutations in autologous TNBC tumor tissue without recognition of the wild-type counterpart. Our findings open the way for a successful adoptive immunotherapy for TNBC. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(6); 439-45. ©2017 AACR.
A Theoretical Analysis of the Process π + + d ⇌ p + p

The experiment described in the preceding letter(1) as well as those on the inverse reaction, the production of mesons in the collision of two protons, may be analyzed in the spirit of the impulse approximation.(2) It will be shown that the predominantly cos2θ angular distribution can be understood without great difficulty, and that the reaction may be used to obtain information on the high momentum components of the n-p and p-p interaction.
On the accessibility of the disclination tensor from spatially mapped orientation data

Abstract Disclinations, defects that accommodate rotational incompatibilities in a crystal lattice, have been described in detail in the literature, but rarely observed in solid materials. Recently, a method has been described by which it is proposed that disclination densities can be estimated using spatially resolved orientation data generated from electron backscatter diffraction or precession electron diffraction. Herein, a rigorous evaluation of this approach is performed. In this work, a series of constructed and real data sets are used to evaluate the methodology for estimating disclination densities from spatially mapped orientation data and demonstrate the inherent error associated with this approach. It is shown that the outcome of this analysis is heavily dependent on the how numerical approximations are implemented. If a self-consistent method is used, then the disclination tensor will always be zero and if an inconsistent method is used then the error in the estimation of the disclination tensor is unbounded. Therefore, although the theory behind the disclination tensor is sound, the inputs needed to calculate it are not experimentally accessible through the application of numerical approximation methods to orientation maps and a different methodology is needed.
Samsung OLED TV Marketing Plan

The evolution of television has substantially evolved within the last 2 decades to introduce revolutionary modern technology seen in Plasma, LCD, and LED backlight TV. The changes of television technology will offer thinner, clearer, brighter TV, and reduce energy consumption. After a brief transition of corporate strategy, Samsung has grown into the market as the leading innovative television manufacturer and currently holds 97% market share of AMOLED (Active Matrix OLED) currently seen in mobile devices. In January of 2012, Samsung introduced a high definition 55 inch prototype OLED TV at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) that seemingly will revolutionize the television in performance and in design. Samsung OLED TV entering in the market early as in the late 2012 will open a new market to the television industry that will appeal to the early adopters. This report is a study of the new Samsung 55 inch OLED TV which introduces the technology of OLED, the market segment, and will forecast the OLED TV market. With innovation of OLED technology, the television will significantly change in improving clarity and performance, and also cut the thinness and weight in half, while implementing interactive and smart technology that will optimize the consumer's television experience.
PDGFB Rearrangements in Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Vulva: A Study of 11 Cases Including Myxoid and Fibrosarcomatous Variants.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-grade fibroblastic sarcoma that tends to arise in young to middle age adults and involve the trunk and proximal extremities. Rare examples of vulvar DFSP have been reported, including myxoid, myoid, and fibrosarcomatous variants, but detection of the c
Moving Toward a Wider Perspective on Psychosis

Evidence that psychosis always has a biological cause appears lacking, while evidence that it can be a reaction to life events appears increasingly strong. A broader approach may therefore be requi...
Exceptional Creativity Across the Life Span: The Emergence and Manifestation of Creative Genius

Abstract: Major innovations in the arts and sciences can be largely attributed to the output of creative geniuses. But how do such great innovators emerge? And how does their creativity manifest itself? The first question shall be addressed by examining the early experiences that contribute to the development of extraordinary creative potential. The factors include family background, education, and professional training. The response to the second question concentrates on the typical career trajectory of illustrious creators. Features of this trajectory include the ages at which geniuses tend to produce their first great work, their best work, and their last great work.
Absolute Stability and Conditional Stability in General Delayed Differential Equations

Some recent results for analyzing the stability of equilibrium of delay differential equations are reviewed. Systems of one or two equations in general form are considered, and the criterions for absolute stability or conditional stability are given explicitly. The results show how the stability depends on both the instantaneous feedback and the delayed feedback.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Coverage-Based Fault Localizations Using Mutants

Empirical studies show that coverage-based fault localizations are very effective in testing and debugging software applications. It is also a commonly held belief that no software testing techniques would perform best for all programs with various data structures and complexity. An important research question posed in this paper is whether the type and complexity of faults in a given program has any influence on the performance of these fault localization techniques. This paper investigates the performance of coverage-based fault localizations for different types of faults. We explore and compare the accuracy of these techniques for two large groups of faults often observed in object-oriented programs. First, we explore different types of traditional method-level faults grouped into six categories including those related to arithmetic, relational, conditional, logical, assignment, and shift. We then focus on class-level faults related to object-oriented features and group them into four categories includ...
Exploring Emotional Labor in Child Welfare Using Frontline Stories

This article explores emotional labor in child welfare and advances theoretical and conceptual understanding of emotional labor as the operationalization of care in public administration. Using six...
Corner modes and ground-state degeneracy in models with gaugelike subsystem symmetries

Subsystem symmetries are intermediate between global and gauge symmetries. One can treat these symmetries either like global symmetries that act on subregions of a system, or gauge symmetries that act on the regions transverse to the regions acted upon by the symmetry. We show that this latter interpretation can lead to an understanding of global, topology-dependent features in systems with subsystem symmetries. We demonstrate this with an exactly solvable lattice model constructed from a two-dimensional system of bosons coupled to a vector field with a one-dimensional subsystem symmetry. The model is shown to host a robust ground-state degeneracy that depends on the spatial topology of the underlying manifold, and localized zero-energy modes on corners of the system. A continuum field theory description of these phenomena is derived in terms of an anisotropic, modified version of the Abelian $K$-matrix Chern-Simons field theory. We show that this continuum description can lead to geometric-type effects such as corner states and edge states whose character depends on the orientation of the edge.
Using Information as a Basis for Segmentation and Relationship Marketing: A Longitudinal Case Study of a Leading Financial Services Firm

An important concern for service businesses is how to develop an appropriate segmentation and relationship marketing strategy that is tied to the value contribution of the customer base. This article presents a case study of the relationship marketing strategy for a division of a leading, worldwide financial services provider. The case firm segments customers into three tiers, using a framework similar to the one established by Berry and Parasuraman. Potential revenue from the customer is the primary segmentation variable used to assign customers to one of the three tiers, while the customer service response is tailored for each tier based upon customer information capabilities and needs. Although information is normally thought of as a supplemental service, rather than a core service, this case study shows how information is central to providing effective customer service and is a key to relationship marketing. The study also demonstrates how social and structural bonds can be used to refocus a customer's thinking from a cost perspective to a value perspective.
Elevated temperature mechanical properties of MoSi2/Si3N4, MoSi2/SiC composites produced by self-propagating high temperature synthesis

MoSi2/Si3N4 and MoSi2/SiC composite powders were produced via a novel self-propagating high temperature synthesis technique (SHS) and consolidated both by hot-pressing and plasma spraying. Mechanical testing subsequently was performed under four-point bending at a variety of elevated temperatures and strain rates. Damage accumulation in the hot-pressed materials, either by particle cracking or particle/matrix separation, resulted in composite mechanical properties that were reduced below the level of the unreinforced material. Plasma sprayed materials showed power-law hardening behaviour caused by Mo5Si3 precipitates and increased strain tolerance because of the fine grain size and reduced yield strength of the matrix.