cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional scale sandbar variability: Observations from the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Abstract Understanding sandbar dynamics and variability is integral to developing a predictive capacity for nearshore flows, sediment transport, morphological change, and ultimately for determining coastline exposure to damaging storm waves. Here we report on a nearshore bathymetric data set from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) that stretches from Point Grenville, Washington to Cascade Head, Oregon, over approximately 260 km in the alongshore and includes 8 distinct littoral cells. We describe and quantify the morphological variability of sandbars on a regional scale, using 560 individual cross-shore transects, as well as attempt to explain the inter-littoral cell variability via relationships to various environmental parameters. The cross-shore extent of the bar zone extends over 1 km from the shoreline in the northern part of the study area, but only to about 600 m from the shoreline in the southern part. Maximum bar crest depths are typically 7 m below MLLW. Bar heights range from a step in the cross-shore profile to over 3 m from crest to trough. The northernmost littoral cells typically have two or more subtidal sandbars per cross-shore profile whereas the littoral cells in the southern part of our study area have only one bar. The mean depths of the bars, however, are much more consistent across littoral cells even while the upper shoreface slope significantly increases from north to south, requiring that the maximum bar distance from the shoreline decreases from north to south. Results from a limited study of the temporal variability suggest that while data collected over large spatial scales captures significant amounts of overall sandbar variability, it does not completely characterize the variability over the entirety of the net offshore migration cycle.
Living kidney donor relationship in Caucasian and African American populations and implications for targeted donor education programs.

Purpose The opportunities for living kidney donation vary greatly among socioeconomic and racial groups. We reviewed our series of living donors to evaluate donor relationships in various groups. Materials and methods Donor and recipient records for 1000 patients were reviewed. An additional 857 records of potential recipients presenting with a donor were analyzed. We compared the relationship of the recipient to initial donor and individual who underwent nephrectomy. Results There were 693 CC and 263 AA live kidney donors. In the AA population donors were first-degree 71%, second-degree 10%, and unrelated 19%. In the CC population donors were first-degree 57%, second-degree 6%, and unrelated 37% (p < 0.0001 for unrelated CC vs. AA). Spousal donation is more common in CC donors (13%) than AA donors (6%), p = 0.001. Donation from child to parent is more common in AA (33%) than CC donors (15%), p < 0.0001. AA recipients predominantly identified a child as a donor in 63% and 48% were cleared for donation. In contrast, 69% of CC recipients identified a spouse as a donor yet only 23% became donors, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001. Conclusions There is a higher incidence of unrelated donors in the caucasian population, vs. first degree relatives often being living donors in the AA population.
Stability of viscoelastic flow around periodic arrays of cylinders

Low Reynolds number flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic Boger fluids past periodic square arrays of cylinders with a porosity of 0.45 and 0.86 has been studied. Pressure drop measurements along the flow direction as a function of flow rate as well as flow visualization has been performed to investigate the effect of fluid elasticity on stability of this class of flows. It has been shown that below a critical Weissenberg number (Wec), the flow in both porosity cells is a two-dimensional steady flow, however, pressure fluctuations appear above Wec which is 2.95±0.25 for the 0.45 porosity cell and 0.95±0.08 for the higher porosity cell. Specifically, in the low porosity cell as the Weissenberg number is increased above Wec a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs. However, in the high porosity cell a transition between a steady two-dimensional to a steady three-dimensional flow consisting of periodic cellular structures along the length of the cylinder in the space between the first and the second cylinder occurs while past the second cylinder another transition to a transient three-dimensional flow occurs giving rise to time- dependent cellular structures of various wavelengths along the length of the cylinder. Overall, the experiments indicate that viscoelastic flow past periodic arrays of cylinders of various porosities is susceptible to purely elastic instabilities. Moreover, the instability observed in lower porosity cells where a vortex is present between the cylinders in the base flow is amplifieds spatially, that is energy from the mean flow is continuously transferred to the disturbance flow along the flow direction. This instability gives rise to a rapid increase in flow resistance. In higher porosity cells where a vortex between the cylinders is not present in the base flow, the energy associated with the disturbance flow is not greatly changed along the flow direction past the second cylinder. In addition, it has been shown that in both flow cells the instability is a sensitive function of the relaxation time of the fluid. Hence, the instability in this class of flows is a strong function of the base flow kinematics (i.e., curvature of streamlines near solid surfaces), We and the relaxation time of the fluid.
An automated electrical monitoring system (AEMS) to assess property development in concrete

Abstract Electrical impedance measurement techniques are being increasingly used to measure material property development and permeability of concrete and other cement based materials. This paper describes the development of an automated electrical measurement system (AEMS) for measuring the properties of cementitious materials. The components of this system are an electrical impedance spectrometer, a digital multi-meter, a switching unit, and a customized software (AEMS) which communicates between different components of the system to control the testing and to collect data. This system enables electrical properties of multiple specimens to be measured in an automated fashion thereby making this approach very amenable for use in quality control applications. Further, an extension of this system is proposed which would enable its use to detect flaws in concrete using electrical imaging.
Structure–activity relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as probed by reaction kinetics and EPR studies

Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts with various Cu loadings were prepared via aqueous solution ion-exchange. The hydrated samples were characterized with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Cu2+ ion coordination numbers were obtained by analyzing the hyperfine structures, while Cu–Cu distances were estimated from line broadening of the EPR features. By examining EPR and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) results, two Cu2+ ion locations are suggested. Standard NH3-SCR, as well as non-selective NH3 oxidation reaction with O2, were carried out over these catalysts at high-space velocities. For the SCR reaction, intra-particle diffusion limitations are found. The kinetic data allow for reactant diffusivities to be estimated. However, clear structure–activity relationships for the SCR reaction cannot be derived due to this diffusion limitation. The slower NH3 oxidation reaction, on the other hand, is kinetically limited at low temperatures, and, therefore allows for a correlation between Cu2+ ion location and reaction kinetics to be made.
Differentiation of Self Inventory—Short Form: Development and Preliminary Validation

In a series of three studies we constructed the Differentiation of Self Inventory—Short Form (DSI-SF) and established initial evidence of reliability and validity. In study 1, we used Item Response Theory to reduce the number of items on the Differentiation of Self Inventory—Revised (Skowron and Schmitt in J Marital Fam Ther 29(2):209–222, 2003. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01201.x ). DSI-SF scale items were chosen based on full length scale item content and item characteristic curves. Study 2 provided evidence for criterion, construct, and structural validity of the DSI-SF. Specifically, scores on the DSI-SF were positively related to self-esteem and negatively related to symptoms of depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and perceived stress. Evidence of convergent validity was found in a positive relationship between the subscales of the DSI-SF and the Level of Differentiation of Self Scale (Haber in The measurement of nursing outcomes, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, pp 320–331, 2003). The DSI-SF subscales and full scale were also shown to retain most of the reliability of the full length scales. In the third study, preliminary estimates of 4-week test–retest reliability ranged from 0.72 (Fusion with Others subscale) to 0.85 (DSI-SF Full Scale). These results support the DSI-SF in college student samples.
A modern plant-climate research dataset for modelling eastern North American plant taxa

Continental‐scale modern pollen‐climate data repositories are a primary data source for palaeoclimate reconstructions. However, these repositories can contain artefacts, such as records from different depositional environments and replicate records, that can influence the observed pollen‐climate relationships as well as the palaeoclimate reconstructions derived from these relationships. Because the depositional environment determines the relative strength of the local and regional pollen signals, combining data from different depositional environments results in pollen abundances that can be influenced by the local pollen signal. Replicate records in pollen‐climate datasets can skew pollen‐climate relationships by causing an overweighting of pollen abundances in a climate space. In this paper, we address the issues related to these artefacts as we define the methods used to create a research dataset from the North American Modern Pollen Database (NAMPD) (Whitmore et al., 2005). The research dataset we pre...
Reflections on 1989 and Authoritarianism

Some of the conclusions that social scientists and policymakers drew from the events of 1989-particularly about the value of area studies and the viability of communist and other authoritarian regimes-have since then turned out to have questionable validity. Unfortunately, those mistaken lessons have not just informed arcane debates within political science; they have also influenced U.S. foreign policy.
Off-Farm Labor Market Entry and Exit

Through the use of a longitudinal data set, we determine those factors that are important to off-farm labor market entry and compare them with factors affecting off-farm labor market exiting. The model of labor market entry and exit takes into account the effects of changes in key economic variables over a four-year period. The data are for married farm women in Wisconsin who must make labor allocation decisions among home production, farm production, and off-farm employment. These decisions have important implications for the well-being of the families involved (who have been increasing in number) and for their communities.
Semantic Structures in Northwestern California and the Sapir‐Whorf Hypothesis1

T HE Indian tribes of northwestern California constitute a well recognized culture area, first defined by A. L. Kroeber. The groups which best typify the northwestern California culture are the Yurok, the Karok, and the Hupa; slightly peripheral are the Smith River Indians (Tolowa), the Wiyot, and the Chilula. The nonlinguistic culture of the area is quite homogeneous, so that Kroeber felt justified in stating (1925:5) that "The Yurok shared this civilization in identical form with their neighbors, the Hupa and Karok. The adjacent Tolowa, Wiyot and Chilula adhere to the same culture in every essential trait." Linguistically, however, the area is probably as heterogeneous as any of comparable size in the world. Yurok and Wiyot are related to the Algonkian languages of eastern and central North America; but despite their geographical proximity, it is far from clear that they are more closely related to each other than either is to Algonkian (Teeter 1964: 189). Karok is Hokan, but only remotely related to its nearest Hokan neighbors, Shasta and Chimariko. Hupa and Smith River are both Athabascan, but the division of Pacific Coast Athabascan languages into two groups falls between them, so that the closest relatives of Hupa extend southward into Central California, while Smith River has its closest kin in southwestern Oregon. The paradoxical combination of cultural unity with linguistic diversity in other areas has been commented on by anthropologists-notably in the Southwestern United States where Pueblo groups with similar cultures speak diverse languages. The northwestern California case was cited by Sapir (1921:214) as illustrating his point that "language and culture are not intrinsically related." He noted that speakers of the clearly unified Athabascan language family adapted themselves, evidently with considerable speed, to four very different culture areas of North America. "The Hupa Indians," he wrote, "are very typical of the culture area to which they belong. Culturally identical with them are the neighboring Yurok and Karok. There is the liveliest tribal intercourse between the Hupa, Yurok, and Karok, so much so that all three generally attend an important religious ceremony given by any one of them. It is difficult to say what elements in their combined culture belong in origin to this tribe or that, so much at one are they in communal action, feeling and thought. But their languages are not merely alien to each other; they belong to three of the major American linguistic groups ... "2 Compare this with Sapir's more famous statement, the basis of the SapirWhorf (or Whorfian) hypothesis (1929:209):
Inactivation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase by modification of arginine residues.

Abstract Treatment of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1), from either calf spleen or human erythrocytes, with 2,3-butanedione in borate buffer or with phenylglyoxal in Tris buffer markedly decreased the enzyme activity. At pH 8.0 in 60 min, 95% of the catalytic activity was destroyed upon treatment with 33 mM phenylglyoxal and 62% of the activity was lost with 33 m m 2,3-butanedione. Inorganic phosphate, ribose-1-phosphate, arsenate, and inosine when added prior to chemical modification all afforded protection from inactivation. No apparent decrease in enzyme catalytic activity was observed upon treatment with maleic anhydride, a lysine-specific reagent. Inactivation of electrophoretically homogeneous calf-spleen purine nucleoside phosphorylase by butanedione was accompanied by loss of arginine residues and of no other amino acid residues. A statistical analysis of the inactivation data vis-a-vis the fraction of arginines modified suggested that one essential arginine residue was being modified.
A Mössbauer effect study of the bonding in some organoiron-copper clusters

The Mossbauer effect spectra of structurally characterized molecular metal clusters provide a valuable reference point for the identification of surface generated species important in chemisorption and catalysis. The resulting hyperfine parameters may also aid structural elucidation and provide insight into the electronic environment of the individual iron sites. We have studied in detail the clusters Na2Cu6Fe4(CO)16, Na3Cu5Fe4(CO)16, and Na3Cu3Fe3(CO)12, and several related compounds. The results indicate that the Mossbauer effect isomer shifts at 78K, which vary from −0.123 to −0.035mm/s, are very sensitive to the bonding in the molecular cluster.
Allocation of liquid food to larvae via trophallaxis in colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta.

Abstract In social insects, the size, caste and reproductive capacity of adults is determined in part by nutrition during larval development. Among ants, workers bring food to immobile larvae, giving workers potential control over larval nutrition, and making social feeding a potential mechanism of individual and colony ontogeny. During each regurgitation (trophallaxis), workers feed larvae the same, small increment of liquid food, regardless of larval attributes and conditions. Therefore, differences in the total volume of food ingested by larval resulted from differences in the rates of trophallaxis to them, not from differences in the durations of trophallaxis. The rates of worker-to-larva trophallaxis (feedings/h) were examined to investigate the mechanisms by which liquid food is allocated to larvae by workers. The rate of trophallaxis increased with larval food deprivation. The magnitude of this increase depended upon the larva's size. When larvae were food-deprived, larger larvae were fed at significantly higher rates than were smaller larvae (13 feedings for each μl of larval volume). Once larvae of all sizes were satiated, workers fed them at similarly low rates. Regardless of size, larvae required about 8 h of feedings to reach satiation; that is, small larvae did not become sated any sooner than did medium or large larvae. Rates of trophallaxis were independent of: (1) the size or hunger of adjacent larvae, (2) rates, of larval encounter by workers (larvae were encountered hundreds of times per h but were fed only tens of times); (3) larval location on the brood pile (top or bottom); and (4) larval body orientation (mouthparts up or down). These results provide the first quantitative evidence that an individual larval hunger cue directs the feeding of each larva, and that the strength of this cue, and therefore the feeding rate, varies with larval size and hunger.
Reversing the negative genomic effects of aging with short-term calorie restriction.

According to government figures, total health care spending in the U.S. in 1999 was $1.316 trillion. The government projects an increase in health care costs to $2.176 trillion by 2008. If we project this growth rate to 2020, health care costs will reach $4.009 trillion. Today, people often spend more health care dollars during the last year of their lives than in all previous years combined. Medical treatment in the last few years of life is usually very expensive and often futile. With the baby-boom generation now moving through middle age, the prescription for the U.S. health care system will be disastrous unless we learn how to keep people healthier longer. This dramatic increase in health care costs leaves us with only one acceptable alternative to rationed health care or financial ruin — to discover interventions that make people functionally younger, healthier, and less susceptible to debilitating, age-related diseases.
Determination of RNA-protein contacts using thiophosphate substitutions

The binding of the bacteriophage R17 coat protein to its RNA binding site is an example of a specific RNA-protein interaction. Extensive analysis has revealed that the binding is dependent upon a unique hairpin structure that contains four essential single-stranded nucleotides. Additional specificity is thought to be due to four or five ionic contacts between the protein and phosphates on the RNA. Transcription of synthetic DNA with T7 RNA polymerase, using one of the nucleoside 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphates) [NTP(alpha S)s], allows the synthesis of RNAs specifically substituted with thiophosphates. Eleven sequence variants of the R17 coat protein binding site were synthesized with different NTP(alpha S)s and tested for coat protein binding to deduce positions of thiophosphates that alter the binding affinity. Of the twenty-one phosphate positions in the molecule, two were found to decrease the Ka 3-fold when substituted with a thiophosphate, one position decreased the Ka 10-fold, and one position increased the Ka 10-fold. Substitution of any of the other 17 positions with thiophosphates does not alter the Ka. The four positions that alter the Ka are located in a uniquely structured region of the RNA, and it is postulated that these thiophosphates affect binding because they contact coat protein directly.
Second Tumor Risk and Projected Late Effects after Proton vs. Intensity Modulated Photon Radiotherapy for Benign Meningioma: A Dosimetric Comparison

Materials/Methods: Eight patients with benign intracranial meningioma treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 20062008 with PRT (3-field) were re-planned with IMRT (5 to 7-field), with optimization of dose to the tumor while sparing OARs. The same simulation CT scan with contoured target and normal tissue volumes were used for PRT and IMRT planning for each patient. Total dose was 54 Gy (RBE) in 1.8 Gy (RBE)/fraction for all treatment plans. Equivalent uniform doses (EUDs) were calculated. Excess risk of radiation-induced intracranial second tumors was calculated using dose-volume histograms for the whole brain and based on United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) data and a risk model proposed by Schneider. Other projected late effects were calculated based on validated normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for relevant OARs.
Cue elimination effects on discrimination behavior of rats with septal lesions.

Abstract In the present series of experiments we tested rats which had received septal lesions or had undergone control surgery on problems involving brightness, spatial, or spatio-temporal discriminations. The studies were designed to examine: (a) the rate and mode of learning a task with relevant, redundant cue solutions; and (b) the effects of making previously potential solution cues irrelevant after the initial criterion was reached. Cue elimination differentially influenced behavior of the two groups depending upon which of the previously successful strategies remained successful. These results were interpreted as consistent with the hypothesis that septal lesions alter how an organism differentially weights specific contextual cues in the process of integrating and acting upon available information.
Magnetic Reconnection Models of Prominence Formation

To investigate the hypothesis that prominences form by magnetic reconnection between initially distinct flux systems in the solar corona, we simulate coronal magnetic field evolution when two flux systems are driven together by boundary motions. In particular, we focus on configurations similar to those in the quiescent prominence formation model of Martens & Zwaan. We find that reconnection proceeds very weakly, if at all, in configurations driven with global shear flows (i.e., differential rotation); reconnection proceeds much more efficiently in similar configurations that are driven to collide directly, with converging motions along the neutral line that lead to flux cancellation; reconnected fields from this process can exhibit sheared, dipped field lines along the neutral line, consistent with prominence observations. Our field configurations do not possess the "breakout" topology, and eruptions are not observed, even though a substantial amount of flux is canceled in some runs.
LCAO Calculations for the Boron and Nitrogen Interstitial in the Diamond Lattice

LCAO-MO cluster calculations based on the extended Huckel theory are carried out for boron and nitrogen atoms in various interstitial configurations in the diamond lattice. The results favor the (100) split interstitial configuration for both the boron and nitrogen interstitial and suggest a change of the energy minimum configuration with charge state. LCAO-MO-Rechnungen auf der Grundlage der erweiterten Huckel-Theorie werden fur Bor- und Stickstoffatome auf verschiedenen Zwischengitterplatzen in Diamantmodell- kristallen ausgefuhrt. Naeh den Ergebnissen ist die energetisch gunstigste Konfiguration fur B- und N-Zwischengitteratome das sogenannte ”(100) split interstitial„. Die energetisch gunstigste Konfiguration kann sich mit dem Ladungszustand andern.
Polymorphisms and gross structure of glycophorin genes in common chimpanzees

Using human α glycophorin cDNA probe and six restriction enzymes, we examined the homologues of human glycophorin genes in genomic DNA of 11 unrelated chimpanzees. We show that, in contrast to the human, the chimpanzee exhibits an unusual array of nonrandomly distributed restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). No clear correlation was found between the RFLP and the V-A-B-D blood-group phenotypes of the subjects, with one possible exception. However, pairs of allelic RFLP occurring at a relatively high frequency were identified. In addition, the homology of chimpanzee glycophorin genes to the human genes was examined using as probes synthetic oligonucleotides specifying distinct regions of human glycophorin genes. We show that the glycophorin gene family in the chimpanzee consists of at least three members that are homologous to the human α, δ, and E genes (glycophorins A, B, and E) and may share a similar gross structure and overall organization.
Post-Stalinist cinema and the myth of world war II: Tarkovskii's ‘Ivan's childhood’ (1962) and Klimov's ‘come and see’ (1985)

(1994). Post-Stalinist cinema and the myth of world war II: Tarkovskii's ‘Ivan's childhood’ (1962) and Klimov's ‘come and see’ (1985). Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 413-419.
Nonlinear convergence, accuracy, and time step control in nonequilibrium radiation diffusion

Abstract We study the interaction between converging the nonlinearities within a time step and time step control, on the accuracy of nonequilibrium radiation diffusion calculations. Typically, this type of calculation is performed using operator-splitting where the nonlinearities are lagged one time step. This method of integrating the nonlinear system results in an “effective” time-step constraint to obtain accuracy. A time-step control that limits the change in dependent variables (usually energy) per time step is used. We investigate the possibility that converging the nonlinearities within a time step may allow significantly larger time-step sizes and improved accuracy as well. The previously described Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov method (JQSRT 63 (1999) 15) is used to converge all nonlinearities within a time step. In addition, a new time-step control method, based on the hyperbolic model of a thermal wave (J. Comput. Phys. 152 (1999) 790), is employed. The benefits and cost of a second-order accurate time step are considered. It is demonstrated that for a chosen accuracy, significant increases in solution efficiency can be obtained by converging nonlinearities within a time step.
Nitrilotri (methylenephosphonic acid) adsorption on barium sulfate crystals and its influence on crystal growth

Abstract The crystallization of barium sulfate has been studied, at 25°C, by conductimetric and radiochemical methods both in the absence and presence of nitrilotri (methylenephosphonic acid) NTMP. The marked reduction in rate constant for crystal growth in the presence of NTMP is interpreted in terms of a Langmuir adsorption isotherm reflecting the blocking of active growth sites on the barium sulfate crystals. The results of a carbon-14 study of the adsorption of NTMP on barium sulfate crystals, clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity of the surface sites. At an additive concentration corresponding to complete inhibition of crystal growth, it is estimated that less than 5% of the crystal surface is covered by adsorbed NTMP molecules.
Properties of acoustic sources in the Sun

The power spectrum of solar acoustic oscillations shows peaks extending out to frequencies much greater than the acoustic cutoff frequency of approximately 5.3 mHz, where waves are no longer trapped. Kumar & Lu (1991) proposed that these peaks arise from the interference of traveling waves which are generated by turbulent convection. According to this model, the frequencies of the peaks in the power spectrum depend on the static structure of the Sun as well as the radial location of the sources. Kumar & Lu used this idea to determine the depth of the acoustic sources. However, they ignored dissipative effects and found that the theoretically computed power spectrum was falling off much more rapidly than the observed spectrum. In this paper, we include the interaction of radiation with acoustic waves in the computation of the power spectrum. We find that the theoretically calculated power spectra, when radiative damping is included are in excellent agreement with the observed power spectra over the entire observed frequency range of 5.3 to 7.5 mHz above the acoustic cutoff frequency. Moreover, by matching the peak frequencies in the observed and theoretical spectra we find the mean depth of acoustic sources to be 140 +/- 60 km below the photosphere. We show that the spectrum of solar turbulence near the top of the solar convection zone is consistent with the Kolmogorov spectrum, and that the observed high frequency power spectrum provides strong evidence that the acoustic sources in the Sun are quadrupolar. The data, in fact, rules out dipole sources as significant contributors to acoustic wave generation in the Sun. The radial extent of the sources is poorly determined and is estimated to be less than about 550 km.
Abnormal vitamin B6 status in rheumatoid cachexia : association with spontaneous tumor necrosis factor α production and markers of inflammation

Objective. To compare vitamin B6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy control subjects. Methods. We measured levels of vitamin B6 in 23 adults with well-controlled RA, and in 23 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, race, and weight. Results. Although plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and erythrocyte B6 activity coefficients were similar in the patients and controls, plasma levels of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) were lower in the RA patient group (mean ± SD 46.1 ± 48.1 versus 69.3 ± 58.4 nmoles/liter; P ≤ 0.004). In multivariate analyses, PLP was inversely associated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (P < 0.001), after adjustment for age, pain score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Conclusion. PLP levels are reduced in patients with RA. This reduction is associated with TNFα production by PBMC.
Interaction of chick oviduct progesterone receptor with sodium tungstate: inhibition of activation and DNA binding.

Abstract The effects of sodium tungstate on the chick oviduct progesterone receptor were examined and found to be pH-dependent. When freshly prepared cytosol receptor preparations were activated by incubation at 23°C in presence of different concentrations of sodium tungstate, receptor activation was completely blocked by 0.2 and 2 mM inhibitor at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively. The presence of tungstate inhibited the maximum extent and not the rate of activation. DNA-cellulose binding of the activated cytosol receptor was also inhibited completely by 2.5 mM tungstate at pH 7, whereas at pH 8, no significant inhibition was observed with up to 10 mM tungstate. Tungstate was more effective in blocking the DNA binding when (NH4)2SO4-fractionated receptor was used, causing a complete inhibition by 1 and 10 mM at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively. The effect of tungstate on the DNA binding of activated receptor appeared specific while several other phosphatase inhibitors were less or completely ineffective. Upon its adsorption onto DNA-cellulose, the receptor could be extracted in a specific manner by 0.2 and 2 mM tungstate at pH 7 and pH 8, respectively. The tungstate-extracted receptor sedimented in ihe 4.3–6S region in high- (0.3 M KCl) and low-salt (10mM KCl) sucrose gradients. Following the incubation with/or extraction from DNA-cellulose with tungstate, the DNA binding capacity of the receptor was completely lost and could not be recovered upon dialysis. In contrast to effects of previously more thoroughly studied molybdate ions, tungstate affects both the non-activated and activated progesterone receptor. The effects of tungstate appear direct and due to its interaction with the progesterone receptor and may not involve a mere inhibition of phosphatase activities in the receptor preparations.
Nationalist inclusion or emancipatory identity? north korean women in japan

Abstract — This article considers the structure in which women’s gendered identity is subsumed under nationalist identity formed around the notion of patriotic-patriarchy. By focusing on the case of Korean women in Japan, who regard themselves as North Korea’s overseas nationals, this article examines how women’s emancipatory identity was connected to their positive redefinition of “patriotic motherhood” within the limits of nationalist discourse. Especially in the process of decolonization and self-identification as North Korea’s nationals overseas, which was done largely by way of learning the public language given by the North Korean organization in Japan, women secured their position in joining the public life of nationalist cause. By taking an historical perspective, the article considers how language of emancipation shifts from the process of decolonization, with a potentially serious gap between the demise of “patriotic motherhood” and the rise of a new form of gendered identity, to a more decentered terrain of postcolonial everyday life found among the younger generation.
In vitro mutagenesis of growth hormone receptor Asn-linked glycosylation sites

Abstract Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace asparagine (Asn) residues with glutamine (Gln) at the five potential N-linked glycosylation sites located at positions 28, 97, 138, 143, and 182 in the extracellular domain of the porcine growth hormone receptor (pGHR). These mutated pGHR cDNAs were stably expressed in mouse L cells. Single substitution of the Asn residues did not alter growth hormone binding when compared to cells which express native pGHR (KD ≈ 1 nM). However, substitution of the five potential Asn-linked sites together (pGHRΔ5) resulted in a 20-fold reduced GH binding affinity (KD=20nM). Residues Asn97, Asn138, and Asn182 were apparently glycosylated and upon cross-linking with 125I-labeled pGH migrated as a molecular complex of approximately 130 kDa. Native pGHR and pGHR analogs with substitutions of N28Q and N143Q when cross-linked to 125I-labeled pGH, migrated with a Mr of 138 kDa. The fully deglycosylated cross-linked receptor, pGHRΔ5, migrated as a complex of 108 kDa. Therefore, each carbohydrate moiety contributed approximately 10 kDa to the total molecular mass of the pGHR, in sum contributing 30 kDa to the total Mr of the glycosylated pGHR. pGHRΔ5 was able to internalize nearly all the bound 125I-labeled pGH within 10 min, whereas native pGHR and individual Asn substituted pGHR analogs internalized 25% of bound 125I-labeled pGH at 10 min. Also, mutagenesis of the pGHR five potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, either singly or together, did not alter the ability of GH to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95-kDa protein. Together, the results indicate that three of the five pGHR Asn residues are apparently glycosylated and are necessary for maintenance of a high affinity GH binding site and for GH internalization. However, glycosylation of the pGHR is not critical for eliciting tyrosine phosphorylated proteins following the GH/GHR interaction.
Critical Recognition of Women's Literature in Hungary: Reception of the 'Kitakart Psyché' Series, 2005-2011

With the appearance in 2005 of Ejszakai allatkert. Antologia a női szexualitasrol (Night Zoo. An Anthology of Women's Sexuality), the first volume of the Kitakart Psyche (Uncovered Psyche) anthology series, women's literature finally started to generate serious discussion in the Hungarian literary community. This paper examines the series as a whole, the editors, the contributors, the critical response, as well as the events surrounding publication.
Rate of rRNA synthesis during metamorphosis of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina

Abstract The rate of r RNA biosynthesis during metamorphosis of the blowfly Calliphora vicina has been determined by measuring the short-term incorporation of injected 3 H-uridine into r RNA, and the specific activity of the soluble (precursor) UTP pool. The highest rate of r RNA synthesis (106 μg r RNA/insect/day) occurs in the mature larva. This rate declines during early pharate adult development to become approximately constant at 46 μg/insect/day up to adult emergence. The good agreement between the rate of r RNA synthesis and the previously determined rate of degradation is consistent with the observed constancy of the r RNA pool size during pharate adult development.
RECONCEPTUALIZING ISSUES THAT AFFECT WOMEN'S SEXUAL DECISION‐MAKING AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONING

This paper addresses five existing societal myths and their underlying faulty assumptions about women's sexuality. The following myths are examined: (a) women possess adequate sexual knowledge to understand their sexual needs, (b) they know how to communicate about sex, (c) they engage in sex because they want to do so, (d) if they are sexually active, they enjoy sex, and (e) they use their knowledge of sex to protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy. These myths need to be considered when conducting research and developing interventions designed to decrease women's sexual risk-taking. Research that assesses women's levels of factual sexual knowledge, comfort and skills discussing sexual information, and literacy is needed. The importance of examining ethnic, cultural, economic, religious, relationship factors, and psychological issues is discussed in order to encourage research relevant to women's sexual decision-making.
Short Hairpin RNA Causes the Methylation of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor II Promoter and Silencing of the Target Gene in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in plant and animal cells. RNA dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) accounts for TGS in plants, but it is unclear whether siRNA induces RdDM in mammalian cells. To determine whether stable expression of short hairpin siRNA (shRNA) induces DNA methylation in mammalian cells, we transduced rat hepatic stellate SBC10 cells with lentiviral vectors which encode an U6 promoter-driven shRNA expression cassette homologous to the transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGFβRII) promoter region. Sequencing analysis of bisulfite-modified genomic DNA showed the methylation of cytosine residues both in CpG dinucleotides and non-CpG sites around the target region of the TGFβRII promoter in SBC10 cells transduced with the promoter-targeting lentiviral vector. In these cells, real-time RT-PCR showed a decrease in TGFβRII mRNA levels which were reversed by treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Our results demonstrate that recombinant lentivirus-mediated shRNA delivery resulted in the methylation of the homologous promoter area in mammalian cells, and this approach may be used as a tool for transcriptional gene silencing by epigenetic modification of mammalian cell promoters.
Synergetic role of inhibition and excitation in bursting synchronization.

We study the influence of coupling strength and network topology on synchronization in strongly coupled networks of square-wave bursters with fast excitatory and inhibitory connections. Fast excitation is known to promote synchrony, which appears in purely excitatory networks of bursting neurons as long as the excitatory coupling exceeds a threshold value. On the contrary, fast strong inhibition leads to anti-phase or asynchronous bursting in purely inhibitory networks. In this work, we report a surprising find that the addition of strong fast inhibitory connections to excitatory networks of square-wave bursters can promote synchrony. More precisely, the inhibitory connections, introduced to an excitatory network, can lower the synchronization threshold much more significantly than strengthening the present excitatory connections. We use the stability methods, developed in [1,2], to explain this synergetic role of otherwise destabilizing inhibition in promoting stable synchronization of bursting neurons in excitatory networks. We demonstrate that there is a balance between the excitatory and inhibitory couplings providing the maximum stability of synchronization. These results are applicable to synchronization in a pair of mutually connected neurons as well as to large networks with mixed excitatory-inhibitory couplings. We also study the interplay between burst synchronization and the excitatory and inhibitory networks’ structures and show that the number of excitatory and inhibitory inputs each neuron receives is often the crucial quantity.
Ionic concentration effects on reverse micelle size and stability: implications for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

We present a systematic investigation and analysis of the structure and stability of reverse micelle systems with the addition of NH4OH, ZrOCl2, and Al(NO3)3 salts. We demonstrate that the reverse micelle size decreases with increasing salt additions until one reaches a critical concentration, which characterizes the onset of system destabilization. The concept of an electrical double layer, as it applies to reverse micelles, is considered for explaining features of destabilization, including the initial decrease in reverse micelle size, the destabilization concentration, and the effect of cation valence. We propose that the reduction in size prior to instability is caused by compression of the reverse micelle electrical double layers, as higher concentrations of salts are present. The reduced thickness of the electrical double layers allows the decaying potentials to move into closer proximity to each other before generating enough repulsion to balance the forces for reverse micelle formation and form a ...
The Relationship Between RN Job Satisfaction and Accountability

The purpose of this descriptive correlational secondary data analysis is to describe the relationship between job satisfaction and accountability among registered nurses with clinical responsibilit...
Discussion of the Physical Mechanisms Behind the Observed Behavior of Motors in Islanded Loads

As work continues on synchronizing anti-islanding standards worldwide, disagreement remains as to whether it is necessary to include motors in the loads used in the tests. One reason is that there is still a lack of a full physical understanding of the behavior of motor loads in islands. This paper explores the behavior of single-phase induction motors in islands and proposes a theory to explain the available observations. The use of parallel RLC loads to adequately model motors for islanding tests is discussed. Finally, the appropriateness of including a motor acting as a flywheel is questioned.
Displacement of the glenoid fossa: A cephalometric evaluation of growth during treatment

Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 175 orthodontically treated patients were evaluated to determine the change in position of articulare. The sample was arbitrarily subdivided according to the direction of facial growth during treatment (vertical, V; horizontal, H; intermediate, H/V) measured at pogonion. The cephalograms were superimposed on anterior cranial base and a Cartesian coordinate system was devised to measure changes in the position of articulare over time. The results clearly show that articulare is displaced posteriorly and inferiorly during craniofacial development with treatment. Significant differences in the amount of displacement were noted between groups. Patients with vertical growth patterns showed significantly greater posterior displacement of articulare than patients with horizontal growth patterns. Because articulare represents the point of intersection of the temporal bone and the neck of the condyle, this investigation suggests that the temporal bone and glenoid fossa are displaced posteriorly during facial development with treatment and that the amount of displacement can affect mandibular position.
Metaphor and the Work of Cultural Studies

This article examines the political project of Cultural Studies by calling for a re-examination of the cultural studies research practices. The metaphors used by cultural studies researchers are explored, as these demonstrate the ways in which researchers have sought to emphasize openness and fluidity. However, it is argued that the desire for openness is not enough; that without rigorous consideration of methodology Cultural Studies lays itself open to many of the academic research problems it seeks to challenge. The article therefore offers a rethinking of the metaphors of cultural studies research.The question is, what alternative metaphors do we have for imagining a cultural politics? (Hall, 1996, p. 288)
Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. IX. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in mid- and late gestation and in the neonate.

The responses of chronically catheterized ovine fetuses and neonatal lambs to the administration of an iv bolus of 50 μg LRF were determined. Ovine LH (oLH) and ovine FSH (oFSH) were measured by homologous RIA. Thirty studies were performed in 22 fetal sheep between the gestational ages of 84–141 days, and 12 studies were performed in 7 neonatal lambs, aged 1–20 days. Even in the youngest fetus studied (84 days), LRF evoked a rise in the concentrations of plasma oLH and oFSH. The gonadotropin response to LRF changed with gestational age. The greatest rise in oLH and oFSH occurred in the group of fetuses between 115–132 days. The mean maximal response of plasma oLH was 15.4 ± 1.3 ng/ml in males and 13.8 ± 1.6 ng/ml in females; oFSH rose to 8.7 ± 0.6 ng/ml in males and to 12.5 ± 1.8 ng/ml in females. The highest peak response was preceded by lower values at 84–100 days and followed by a fall in the mean peak response after 135 days of gestation, suggesting an increase in gonadotropin reserve, followed by a ...
Abiraterone acetate, a first-in-class CYP17 inhibitor, establishes a new treatment paradigm in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard treatment for advanced and metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma for the past seven decades [1]. However, clinical resistance to ADT eventually...
Wafer level reliability evaluation of 120GHz SiGe HBTs

A wafer-level technique to assess the forward current mode degradation of polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors has been developed. Using this technique, we show the successful implementation of a wafer level reliability (WLR) approach for the study of the degradation properties of high-speed self-aligned SiGe HBTs featuring 120 GHz f/sub T/ and 100 GHz f/sub max/. Accelerated current stress as high as J/sub c/=34 mA//spl mu/m/sup 2/ was employed to assess the device degradation. It is shown that current accelerated stress may be used to effectively predict shifts in device characteristics. This technique was used to characterize the evolution of parametric shifts under current and temperature acceleration. Since the current stress also involves substantial self-heating of the device, we compare the degradation with temperature-only acceleration at both wafer and module level. It was found that the current acceleration is dominant over the temperature acceleration in the observable mechanisms. A comparison of the WLR technique for heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) implemented in SiGe and III-V material systems is also provided. Through comparison with long term stress results performed on packaged transistors, we have verified their consistency with wafer level stressing, thus providing a viable WLR methodology for lifetime verification in a relatively short stress time and moderate temperature.