cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power electronics intensive solutions for integrated urban building renewable energy systems

In recent years, renewable energy resources have attracted a lot of effort and attention, due to issues related to utilization of traditional fossil fuels. Global warming, major energy crises, and unsecure energy supply has motivated developed countries to speed-up the process of installing renewable technologies. On the other hand, deregulation of power systems, with the aim of more competitive and efficient power generation, creates new opportunities for use of renewable technologies at the distribution level. Residential and commercial buildings consume a great portion of generated power in most countries. Therefore, there exists a need for reduction of power consumption, by using efficient generation technologies, using local renewable energy generation. This paper comprehensively reviews potential and available renewable energy technologies, to be embedded in new or existing urban buildings, and investigates a few novel building power system arrangements.
An adjoint sensitivity method for the adaptive location of the observations in air quality modeling

The spatiotemporal distribution of observations plays an essential role in the data assimilation process. An adjoint sensitivity method is applied to the problem of adaptive location of the observational system for a nonlinear transport-chemistry model in the context of 4D variational data assimilation. The method is presented in a general framework and it is shown that in addition to the initial state of the model, sensitivity with respect to emission and deposition rates and certain types of boundary values may be obtained at a minimal additional cost. The adjoint modeling is used to evaluate the influence function and to identify the domain of influence associated with the observations. These essential tools are further used to develop a novel algorithm for targeting observations that takes into account the interaction among observations at different instants in time and spatial locations. Issues related to the case of multiple observations are addressed and it is shown that by using the adjoint modeling an efficient implementation may be achieved. Computational and practical aspects are discussed and this analysis indicates that it is feasible to implement the proposed method for comprehensive air quality models. Numerical experiments performed with a two-dimensional test model show promising results.
Direct-Vapor-Phase Grown $\hbox{IrO}_{2}$ Micronanostructures for Ethanol, Acetone, and Propanol Gas Sensor

Iridium oxide (IrO2 ) micronanostructures are grown on fused silica (FS), Si (1 0 0) and copper (Cu) substrates using direct-vapor-phase (DVP) technique and investigated for gas-sensing properties. The shape and size of IrO2 micronanostructures depend on the rate of evaporation of source material. The sensitivity of IrO2 to ethanol, acetone, and propanol is tested under similar test conditions. The sensitivity is clearly distinguishable by measuring the change in the response (recovery) time for ethanol, acetone, and propanol, and are measured to be 3 (2.9 s), 4.7 (3.9 s), and 5.1 s (4 s), respectively.
Sex steroids and brain functioning in the aging male

(2001). Sex steroids and brain functioning in the aging male. The Aging Male: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 39-43.
Oxytocin in the corpus luteum of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

To determine if oxytocin (OT) is present in cynomolgus monkey corpus luteum, OT was measured by a specific and sensitive RIA in 13 corpora lutea, ovarian venous plasma on the ipsilateral side and peripheral venous plasma at different stages of the luteal phase. Serial dilution of acetic acid extract of the corpus luteum showed parallelism with standard OT in the RIA. Total content of OT in corpus luteum was 1.9 ± 0.5 ng (mean ± sem) with a content of 0.4–0.8 ng in early luteal phase, 1.0–6.2 ng in midluteal phase, and 0.4–0.7 ng in late luteal phase. OT concentrations in corpus luteum were 21.0–75.2 ng/g wet wt in early luteal phase, increasing to 34.4–602.5 ng/g in midluteal phase; and declining to 3.4–117.4 ng/g in late luteal phase. OT concentrations per mg protein in the corpus luteum were 0.05–19.6 ng with peak concentrations of 14.7–19.6 ng/mg protein on day 22. Sephadex G-25 column chromatography of the corpus luteum extract revealed a single peak for binding activity similar to that of synthetic O...
Forest productivity under elevated CO2 and O3: positive feedbacks to soil N cycling sustain decade-long net primary productivity enhancement by CO2

The accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere, and hence the rate of climate warming, is sensitive to stimulation of plant growth by higher concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Here, we synthesise data from a field experiment in which three developing northern forest communities have been exposed to factorial combinations of elevated CO2 and O3. Enhanced net primary productivity (NPP) (c. 26% increase) under elevated CO2 was sustained by greater root exploration of soil for growth-limiting N, as well as more rapid rates of litter decomposition and microbial N release during decay. Despite initial declines in forest productivity under elevated O3, compensatory growth of O3-tolerant individuals resulted in equivalent NPP under ambient and elevated O3. After a decade, NPP has remained enhanced under elevated CO2 and has recovered under elevated O3 by mechanisms that remain un-calibrated or not considered in coupled climate-biogeochemical models simulating interactions between the global C cycle and climate warming.
Early feeding history of children with learning disorders.

SUMMARY The infant feeding histories of 29 children with learning disorders were compared with those of 53 control children referred for other neurological conditions. 13.8 per cent of children with learning disorders had been breast-fed, compared with 47.2 per cent of the control children. There was no difference between the two groups in protein content of the formulas used for bottle-feeding. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Primare Art der Ernahrung bei Kindern mit Lernschwierigkeiten Um die Hypothese zu prufen, die besagt Nahrungen mit einem viel hoheren Eiweisgehalt als dem der Muttermilch konnten ein verantwortlicher Faktor fur spatere Lernschwierigkeiten sein, wurde die primare Art der Ernahrung von 29 Kindern mit Lernschwierigkeiten verglichen mit der von 53 Kindern mit anderen neurologischen Befunden. Die beiden Gruppen wurden nach Geburtsjahr und okonomischem Stand aufeinander abgestimmt. 13.8 Prozent der Kinder mit Lernschwierigkeiten und 47.2 Prozent der Kontrollkinder waren gestillt worden. Von den Kindern der beiden Gruppen, die Flaschennahrung bekommen hatten, hatten alle den gleichen Proteingehalt in den einzelnen Nahrungen. RESUMEN Antecedentes de alimentation precoz en ninos con alteractiones en el aprendizaje Con el objeto de probar la hipotesis de que los biberones con un contenido de proteina mucho mas alto que la leche de mujer podrian ser un factor responsable de posteriores alteraciones en el aprendizaje, se comparo la historia precoz alimenticia de 29 ninos con alteraciones en el aprendizaje con la de 53 ninos que ofrecian otras caracteristicas neurologicas. Los dos grupos fueron homologados en lo que respecta al ano de nacimiento y a la clase economica. 13,8 por ciento de los ninos con alteraciones en el aprendizaje y 47,2 por ciento de los ninos control habian sido alimentados al pecho. En aquellos ninos de ambos grupos que habian recibido biberon no se encontro ninguna diferencia con respecto al contenido de proteinas del biberon escogido.
Achievable rates in low-power relay links over fading channels

Relayed transmissions enable low-power communications among nodes (possibly separated by a large distance) in wireless networks. Since the capacity of general relay channels is unknown, we investigate the achievable rates of relayed transmissions over fading channels for two transmission schemes: the block Markov coded and the time-division multiplexed (TDM) transmissions. The normalized achievable minimum energy per bit required for reliable communications is derived, which also enables optimal power allocation between the source and the relay. The time-sharing factor in TDM transmissions is optimized to improve achievable rates. The region where relayed transmission can provide a lower minimum energy per bit than direct transmission, as well as the optimal relay placement for these two transmission schemes, are also investigated. Numerical results delineate the advantages of relayed, relative to direct, transmissions.
The Internal, External, and Diagnostic Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: A Meta-Analysis and Critical Review.

Objective To conduct the first meta-analysis evaluating the internal and external validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) construct as related to or distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and as associated with functional impairment and neuropsychological functioning. Method Electronic databases were searched through September 2015 for studies examining the factor structure and/or correlates of SCT in children or adults. The search procedures identified 73 papers. The core SCT behaviors included across studies, as well as factor loadings and reliability estimates, were reviewed to evaluate internal validity. Pooled correlation effect sizes using random effects models were used to evaluate SCT in relation to external validity domains (i.e., demographics, other psychopathologies, functional impairment, and neuropsychological functioning). Results Strong support was found for the internal validity of the SCT construct. Specifically, across factor analytic studies including more than 19,000 individuals, 13 SCT items loaded consistently on an SCT factor as opposed to an ADHD factor. Findings also support the reliability (i.e., internal consistency, test–retest reliability, interrater reliability) of SCT. In terms of external validity, there is some indication that SCT may increase with age ( r = 0.11) and be associated with lower socioeconomic status ( r = 0.10). Modest (potentially negligible) support was found for SCT symptoms being higher in males than females in children ( r = 0.05) but not in adults. SCT is more strongly associated with ADHD inattention ( r = 0.63 in children, r = 0.72 in adults) than with ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity ( r = 0.32 in children, r = 0.46 in adults), and it likewise appears that SCT is more strongly associated with internalizing symptoms than with externalizing symptoms. SCT is associated with significant global, social, and academic impairment ( r = 0.38–0.44). Effects for neuropsychological functioning are mixed, although there is initial support for SCT being associated with processing speed, sustained attention, and metacognitive deficits. Conclusion This meta-analytic review provides strong support for the internal validity of SCT and preliminary support for the external validity of SCT. In terms of diagnostic validity, there is currently not enough evidence to describe SCT in diagnostic terms. Key directions for future research are discussed, including evaluating the conceptualization of SCT as a transdiagnostic construct and the need for longitudinal research.
Postoperative Analgesic Requirements following Flumazenil Administration

The effect of flumazenil (RO 15-1788) on postoperative analgesic requirements was evaluated in 30 postoperative patients. This prospective investigation was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing general anesthesia supplemented by midazolam and fentanyl or sufentanil. Patients received either flumazenil (n = 20) or placebo (n = 10) by random assignment. Analgesic requirements were measured in morphine equivalents (MEs) and were recorded for a three-hour period following the administration of flumazenil. All patients received the assigned treatment within five minutes of arrival to the postanesthesia room. Total ME requirements were 4.1 +/- 3.8 mg for the flumazenil group and 4.5 +/- 4.6 mg (p = 0.71) for the placebo group. Patient analgesic requirements were also assessed when patients were adequately alert. For the flumazenil group this time period was 6.2 +/- 12.7 minutes versus 52.9 +/- 28.4 minutes for placebo (p less than 0.01). MEs (flumazenil 4.1 +/- 3.8 mg vs. placebo 3.7 +/- 3.2 mg) were not significantly different (p = 0.57) when similar levels of consciousness were compared. The onset of pain was more rapid with flumazenil patients as evidenced by the first analgesic dose at 15.7 +/- 25.1 minutes for the flumazenil group versus 34.7 +/- 43.7 for the placebo group; however, these data were not statistically different (p = 0.144). These results suggest that flumazenil does not increase postoperative analgesic requirements during the immediate postanesthesia period; however, patients receiving flumazenil may experience an earlier onset of postoperative pain.
Electrically Conductive Gold- and Copper-Metallized DNA Origami Nanostructures

This work demonstrates the use of a circuit-like DNA origami structure as a template to fabricate conductive gold and copper nanostructures on Si surfaces. We improved over previous results by using multiple Pd seeding steps to increase seed uniformity and density. Our process has also been characterized through atomic force microscopy, particle size distribution analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that four successive Pd seeding steps yielded the best results for electroless metal plating on DNA origami. Electrical resistance measurements were done on both Au- and Cu-metallized nanostructures, with each showing ohmic behavior. Gold-plated DNA origami structures made under optimal conditions had an average resistivity of 7.0 × 10–5 Ω·m, whereas copper-metallized structures had a resistivity as low as 3.6 × 10–4 Ω·m. Importantly, this is the first demonstration of electrically conductive Cu nanostructures fabricated on either DNA or DNA origami templates. Although resistivities for both go...
High-Capacity Thermal Desorption Modulators for Gas Chromatography

Effets du facteur de capacite sur la performance des modulateurs a desorption thermique. Des composes volatiles peuvent etre modules en utilisant ces modulateurs. Le modulateur utilisee est le Supelcowax
Profound hyperkalemia associated with thromboprophylactic enoxaparin.

Hospitalized patients often require thromboprophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism. While multiple therapeutic options exist, low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are favored for their advantageous pharmacokinetic profile and limited adverse effects [Torres et al. 2010]. Enoxaparin, an LMWH, has been infrequently associated with mild hyperkalemia [Torres et al. 2010; Bengalorkar et al. 2011]. A case of profound hyperkalemia associated with prophylactic enoxaparin is reported.
Acute dissection of the aorta: options for diagnostic imaging

When dissection of the aorta is suspected, the physician needs to initiate medical therapy immediately, even before a final diagnosis is made. New imaging technologies are essential in making a diagnosis. In some cases, these new imaging modalities obviate the need for angiography.
Method of Nearby Problems for Generating Exact Solutions to 1D Unsteady and 2D Steady Problems

The Method of Nearby Problems (MNP) is being developed as a way to generate exact solutions for realistic problems. Previous efforts have focused on steady-state problems in one and two dimensions. Current work is focused on applying MNP to additional 2D problems. Curve fits of the numerical solutions to problems governed by 1D unsteady Burgers' equation and 2D steady Euler equations are developed. The curve fitting error is compared to the discretization error in the numerical solutions as a measure of the curve fit quality. The effect of the number of fit zones on curve fitting error is also examined. I. Motivation he ability to quantify numerical error in a computer simulation is essential to the usefulness of the results. Discretization error is a difficult type of numerical error to measure. This error is the difference between the exact solution to the discretized governing equations and the exact solution to the continuous governing differential equations. Many engineering problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) do not have analytical exact solutions. This makes analyzing the discretization error difficult. The Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) is commonly used to generate an exact solution to these problems. This can briefly be described as follows: 1) an analytical exact solution is chosen (often consisting of trigonometric terms), 2) the governing PDEs are operated on the chosen solution to generate source terms, 3) the source terms are used to modify the original governing equations, such that the chosen solution is the exact solution to these modified equations. However, there is no requirement for an MMS solution to be physically-realistic and the chosen solution may not be close to the original solution of interest. MNP can be used to generate physically-realistic exact solutions as described later. Applications of MNP include evaluation of numerical schemes, evaluation of mesh adaptation approaches, and evaluation of discretization error estimators. MNP has been demonstrated as an error estimator in previous work by Roy, Raju, and Hopkins. 1 Our goal in this paper is to provide examples of generating exact solutions with MNP, as applied to problems governed by the 1D unsteady Burgers' equation and the 2D steady Euler equations. Curve fits for three test cases are examined. For one case, the discretization error in the numerical solution is compared to the curve fitting error. This provides a measure of curve fit quality. The effect on the curve fit error of varying the number of fit zones is also examined.
Corn Earworm Damage to Ears with Starchy (su1) vs. Sugary (su1) Kernels on Genetically Uniform Mother Plants

Damage by Heliothis zea (Boddie) to ears of 2 sweet-corn hybrids, each hand-pollinated to produce contrasting starchy (Su1) and sugary (S11) kernel types with uniform mother-plant characters, was measured in 9 trials in 1965, 1966, and 1967. Ears were either infested at silking and rated 18 days later, or infested 10 days after silking and rated at hard-dough stage about 20 days later. In 5 out of 7 trials infested at silking there was no significant difference in damage to the 2 kernel types; in 2 trials involving a slightly no uniform ear bagging procedure, significant differences occurred. In 2 other trials involving late infestation, deliverances were significant or near significant. Evidently kernel carbohydrate content is of little importance in earworm resistance up until fresh market stage, but may be more important during later development.
The Emergence of a Generalist Model to Meet Public Health Needs for Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder.

“Kevin,” a 17-year-old high school student, was brought to the emergency department by his distraught mother for having threatened to stab himself. The mother gave a history of Kevin’s cutting himself repeatedly since age 13, with a 2-year hiatus when he had his first and only girlfriend,arelationshipthathadended6monthsearlier. Since then, Kevin’s alcohol use increased, seemingly unprovoked rages led to his suspension from his school’s hockey team, and he had periods of depression during which he cut himself and said he felt like he was unreal. Two months earlier, at his mother’ su rging, he had seen their primary care physician, who diagnosed depression and started him on a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). He became more socially withdrawn and remained easily angered, and his school functioning declined. After he told his physician that he had contemplated suicide ,t he physician increased his SSRI dosage. In the emergency department, Kevin looked distracted and irritated, compulsively stroking a cloth bracelet while his mother gave this history, but he seemed to relax and welcome talking when seen by the emergency department psychiatrist. When asked about thebracelet,hesaiditwasaresidualtalismanofgoodluck
Changes of Inhibitory Substances in Stratification Process of Hawthorn Seeds

The seeds of Crataegus pinnatifida Bag. were stratified for different days,inhibitors in the seed shell,coat and kernel were soaked and separated to seven phases,cabbage seeds were treated with every separate phases,the distributing of inhibitors in the seeds and the changes of them during stratification were studied. The result showed that there were inhibitors in all of the shell,coat and kernel of the seeds,except one phase of the shell and the coat hadn't inhibited germination of cabbage seeds respectively,the rest of seven phases of three parts of the seeds bated germination obviously. Their inhibiting effects decreased gradually along with stratification. When they were stratified for five months,there were inhibitors in four phases of the seed shell and coat respectively,while there were six phases in the kernel; up to six months,three phases in the shell and one phase in the coat and two phases in the kernel represented inhibiting. The seeds kept dormancy still in this time. It indicated that the presence of inhibitors in different part of the seeds was the main reason for their long dormancy.
Impact of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies

Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies include a wide spectrum of disease states afflicting the heart, whether a primary process or secondary to a systemic condition. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has established itself as an important imaging modality in the evaluation of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. CMR is useful in the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, quantification of ventricular function, establishing etiology, determining prognosis and risk stratification. Technical advances and extensive research over the last decade have resulted in the accumulation of a tremendous amount of data with regards to the utility of CMR in these cardiomyopathies. In this article, we review CMR findings of various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and focus on current literature investigating the clinical impact of CMR on risk stratification, treatment, and prognosis.
[The changes and significance of T lymphocytes and subsets before and after receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy in children infected with HIV or AIDS patients].

Objective To investigate the changes of the T lymphocytes and their subsets before and after receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in children who were infected with HIV or AIDS patients. Methods Ninety-nine children met the criteria were recruited. All of them had received HAART in Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention from May 2006 to April 2009. Peripheral blood of 2 milliliter was collected before treatment (D0) and after 3,6,12,18,24,30, and 36 months ( M3, M6,M12,M18, M24, M30 and M36), respectively. Four-color fluorescence flow cytometry was used for the detection of the absolute numbers of CD3 +, CD4+, CD8 + T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. And then, the percentages of CD3 +, CD4+, CD8 + T lymphocytes in the CD45 + cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were calculated. Results Sixteen-five ( 65. 66% ) cases were treated with lamivudine ( 3TC )/zidovudine (AZT) /nevirapine ( NVP), and 16 ( 16. 16% ), 8 ( 8. 08% ) and 10 ( 10. 10% ) cases were treated with 3TC/stavudine ( D4T)/NVP,3TC/AZT/efavirenz (EFV) and 3TC/AZT/Ipv-rtv(LPV/r), respectively. The median of the ratio of CD4/CD8 were 0. 39,0. 51,0. 61,0. 65,0. 70,0. 73 and 0. 76 in M3,M6,M12,M18,M24, M30 and M36, respectively which were significantly higher than that in D0(0.19) ( Z values were -5. 158, -7. 375, - 9. 078, - 8. 853, - 8. 373, - 5. 845 and - 5.844 respectively, P ＜ 0.000). The median of CD4% were 16. 92% ,22.70% ,25.54% ,26. 66% ,27.99% ,30. 36% and 29. 30% respectively in M3, M6, M12, M18, M24, M30 and M36 respectively,which were also higher significantly than that in D0 (9.92%) (Zvalues were -5.268, -7.568, -9.496, -9.171, - 8.760, -6.190 and -5.964 respectively, P＜0.000 ) . In addition, the median of the absolute numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were 631,813,1050,946, 1057,1166 and 894 cells/mm3 respectively in M3, M6, M12,M1 8, M24, M30 and M36, which were higher significantly than that of D0 (382 cells/mm3) (Z values were -3.318, -5. 288, -6. 661, -5. 886, -5. 801, -4.110 and -3. 600 respectively,P ＜0. 000). However,the median of CD8% were 47.25%, 43.01%, 43.04%, 42.60%, 41.37%, 40.83% and 38.31% respectively in M3, M6, M12, M18, M24, M30 and M36, which were lower significantly than that of D0 (53.17%) (Zvalues were -3.082, -4.697, -5.282, -5.846, -5.757, -3.883 and -4.380 respectively, P＜0.001 ). Conclusion There is certain rules for the changes of T lymphocytes and their subsets ,which may play important roles in the evaluation of the therapeutic effect and the clinical application guidance of HAART. Key words: Child; HIV; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Antiretroviral therapy,highly active; T-lymphocytes
Ultra-high-Q silicon nitride micro-resonators for low-power frequency comb initiation

We report the fabrication and characterization of SiN resonators with intrinsic Qs up to 17 million verified with cavity ring-down measurement. Frequency comb generation threshold down to 2.36 mW is consistent with theoretical estimation.
Suitable sites identification for solid waste dumping using RS and GIS approach: A case study of Aurangabad, (MS) India

Apace growth of urban area produces more solid waste; a city like Aurangabad daily produces approximately 450 metric ton of garbage which is dumped at Naregaon; but residents of Naregaon protesting against dumping of garbage. They are facing serious health issues because water pollution and foul smell. It is a burning issue in Aurangabad city since last year. It is very critical task to identify new sites using traditional way for dumping of solid waste. A rule based identification of new site can be done using a Remote Sensing and GIS, which can save time and increase accuracy. For that purpose a required data was collected from the Survey of India and NRSC Hyderabad. A Spatial feature extraction was done using for Reserved Forest area, Water bodies, Canals, drainage Network, Road and Railway Network. Rasterization processes were applied on Toposheet to extract Settlement area. For every spatial feature a Buffer Zone was created as per guideline given by the Ministry of Environment, GOI. After this process a one by one Overlay Analysis was performed. Seven sites which follow the guidelines and having more than 100 Acres area were selected for Field visit. In Field visit Geographic coordinates were taken using GPS enabled Smartphone with ‘My GPS Coordinates’ android application having accuracy of 4 meter and verified these sites on Google Earth also. On the basis of field visit three sites are proposed as most suitable sites for dumping of solid waste. In this work we have tried to give solution to local decision makers regarding this issue.
Pharmacokinetics of nebulized and subcutaneously implanted terbinafine in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus)

Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the causative agent of snake fungal disease, is proposed as a serious threat to the conservation of several snake populations. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of terbinafine administered through nebulization and a sustained subcutaneous implant as potential treatments of Ophidiomyces in reptiles. Seven adult cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) were used in single-dose trials. Each snake was nebulized with terbinafine (2 mg/ml) for 30 min and had blood collected before nebulization and up to 12 hr after nebulization. Following a 5-month washout, the same snakes were administered a subcutaneous implant containing 24.5 mg terbinafine; blood was collected at baseline, 1 day postimplant placement, and then once weekly for 9 weeks. Plasma for both studies was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean plasma concentrations of nebulized terbinafine peaked between 0.5 and 4 hr. The subcutaneously implanted terbinafine reached therapeutic concentrations on day 1 and maintained therapeutic for over 6 weeks. These methods and doses are recommended as potential treatment options for snake fungal disease in reptiles.
Side-by-Side Comparison of Single- and Dual-Active Layer Oxide TFTs: Experiment and TCAD Simulation

Single-active layer (SAL) and dual-active layer (DAL) oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated using the same process conditions and compared side by side. The SAL channel consists of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO), and the DAL of ultrathin In–Sn–O and a-IGZO. The DAL TFT exhibits strongly improved performance compared to the SAL TFT such as higher mobility of 31 cm $^{\textsf {2}}\cdot \text{V}^{-\textsf {1}}\cdot \text{s}^{-\textsf {1}}$ , smaller subthreshold swing of 175 mV/dec, and better positive bias temperature stress stability. Technology computer-aided design simulation is used to investigate the SAL and DAL device performance. A mapping technique is used to directly correlate the transfer characteristics to the subbandgap density of states. The simulation suggests that the improved performance of the DAL TFT is due to an improved gate insulator/channel interface with an approximately one order of magnitude lower interface trap density.
Training to Improve Collision Detection in Older Adults

Previous studies have indicated a decline in the ability of older adults to detect impending collisions. In addition, previous research has demonstrated that collision detection performance of college-aged participants can be improved with perceptual learning. The present study examined whether perceptual learning can improve performance of older participants on a collision detection task (N=12). The experiment was conducted over seven days with each day consisting of a 1-hr session. Thresholds for three observer speeds were measured prior to training using a two-alternative forced choice procedure during which participants indicated whether an approaching object would result in a collision or noncollision event. Participants were then trained near threshold at one of these speeds for 5 days. After training participants’ thresholds were measured again. Results indicate a significant reduction in the time needed to detect a collision for the trained condition as well as an untrained observer speed condition. Results demonstrate that collision detection performance for older participants can be improved with perceptual learning and may transfer to untrained observer speed.
On Analytical Methods for Vibrations of Soils and Foundations

Research on dynamics of soils and foundations has yielded several fundamental methods for formulation of interaction problems. This paper is intended to survey the development of the current state-of-practice for design and analysis of dynamically loaded foundations. Extensive studies in this field utilize various linear mathematical models for interaction between foundations and different soil media. The effective analytical, numerical, and experimental techniques and their methodologies, which are well established for treating problems in dynamic soil-foundation interaction are outlined. Described techniques are categorized based upon formulation procedures and their applications. Some areas are indicated where further research is needed.
Flame Temperatures from Vibrational Raman Scattering

Raman scattering signatures are functionally dependent upon temperature, and are therefore useful as diagnostic probes. Various Raman scattering techniques for the measurement of temperature are outlined here. Those methods based upon rotational molecular structure are then briefly discussed in order to compare and contrast them with the ones based upon vibrational structure. For flame gases, the elevated temperatures and the multicomponent, variable composition make the vibrational scattering techniques appear to be more useful than those based upon pure rotational scattering. Temperature measurements based upon vibrational Raman scattering are described next, with an emphasis on the vibrational techniques developed in this laboratory. These techniques are based upon the spectral structure of the fundamental Stokes vibrational band series, which consists of the ground state band (initial → final molecular vibrational levels: v = 0 → v = 1) and the upper state or “hot” bands (1 → 2, 2 → 3, etc.).
Reduction of adhesions after uterine myomectomy by Seprafilm membrane (HAL-F): A blinded, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical study

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of Seprafilm (HAL-F), Bioresorbable Membrane, (Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA) in reducing the incidence, severity, extent, and area of uterine adhesions after myomectomy. Design Prospective, randomized, blinded, multicenter study. Adhesion reduction was assessed by an independent, blinded, gynecologic surgeon who reviewed videotapes of each patient's second-look laparoscopy. Setting Nineteen institutions across the United States. Patient(s) One hundred twenty-seven women undergoing uterine myomectomy with at least one posterior uterine incision ≥ 1cm in length. Intervention(s) Patients were randomized to treatment with Seprafilm or to no treatment at the completion of the myomectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) The incidence, severity, extent, and area of uterine adhesions at second-look laparoscopy. Result(s) The incidence, measured as the mean number of sites adherent to the uterine surface, was significantly less in treated patients (4.98 ±0.52 [mean ± SEM] sites) than in no treatment patients (7.88 ± 0.48 sites) as were the mean uterine adhesion severity scores (1.94 ± 0.14 versus 2.43 ± 0.10; treatment versus no treatment, respectively), mean extent scores (1.23 ± 0.12 versus 1.68 ± 0.10), and mean area of adhesions (13.2 ± 1.67 versus 18.7 ± 1.66cm 2 ). No adverse events occurred that were judged to be related to the use of Seprafilm. Conclusion(s) In this multicenter study, treatment of patients after myomectomy with Seprafilm significantly reduced the incidence, severity, extent, and area of postoperative uterine adhesions. Additionally, Seprafilm treatment was not associated with an increase in postoperative complications.
Rigor Is NOT a Four-Letter Word

Learn how to increase instructional rigor so that all students can reach higher levels of learning! In this new edition of a best seller, author Barbara R. Blackburn offers practical ideas for raising expectations, increasing complexity, integrating scaffolding into instruction, creating open-ended choices and projects, and much more. This timely new edition provides connections to rigorous standards, plus it features new sections on topics such as questioning models, student ownership, Genius Hour, summative assessments, becoming a teacher-leader, and increasing rigor in instructional technology. Appropriate for teachers of all grade levels and subject areas, the book is filled with helpful strategies and tools that you can implement immediately. In addition, full-sized templates are available as eResources on our website (www.routledge.com/9781138569560) so you can download and print them for classroom use. With its practical advice and helpful tools, Rigor Is NOT a Four-Letter Word will set you and your students on the fast track to higher learning and sustained success.
Proliferation and Contributions of National Database Studies in Otolaryngology Literature Published in the United States: 2005-2016.

Objective Health registries and discharge-level databases are powerful tools. Commonly used data sets include the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS); Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER); National Cancer Database (NCDB); and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). This study investigated the frequency with which these resources are being used and categorized their contributions to literature. Design A literature review from 2005 to 2016 for papers utilizing the aforementioned databases and publishing in The Laryngoscope, JAMA-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology was conducted. Results were categorized based on the contribution(s) of the paper. The incidence rate of database publications was calculated for each year along with the 95% confidence intervals using a Poisson distribution. Results Three hundred ten studies were identified. Seventy percent report descriptive findings, and 65% report outcomes/survival. Approximately 18% made clinical recommendations. In 2005, the incidence rate of database publications was 3 per 1000 journal publications (95% CI, 1-9) and remained relatively stable until 2008. From 2010 onward, there was a persistent increase in publications, culminating in the highest incidence rate in 2016 of 26 database publications per 1000 journal publications (95% CI, 20-32). Conclusions There was a nearly 10-fold increase in database publications in 2016 compared to 2005. The majority provide descriptive data and outcomes measures. The role of these studies warrants further investigation.
Never a Dull Moment: Entropy Risk in Commodity Markets

We develop a new approach to determine investors' risk compensations for all distributional moments of a security. Using the concept of entropy, a summary of all moments of a risky security, we derive the relationship between expected returns and their compensation for entropy risk. Entropy risk premium (ERP), the difference of entropy under the physical and risk-neutral measures, indicates the cost to financially hedge against changes in risks associated with the entire return distribution. We find that ERP carries significant predictive power for the cross-section of commodity returns even after removing its variance, skewness and kurtosis risk components.
Cyber Bullying, Social Media, and Character Education: Why It Matters for Middle School Social Studies

Today’s world is no doubt one that continues to be shaped and influenced by the rise of social media platforms. These platforms have spread throughout the lives of contemporary students and, unfort...
Neuropsychiatric Reflections on Madison v. Alabama.

In Madison v. Alabama (2019),[1][1] the U.S. Supreme Court addressed two questions in the context of Vernon Madison's diagnosis of vascular dementia. The court majority ruled that Mr. Madison's inability to remember his crime secondary to vascular dementia does not prevent him from forming a
The Heterogeneous Growth Effects of the Business Environment: Firm-Level Evidence for a Global Sample of Cities

Using firm-level data covering 709 cities in 128 countries, this paper examines the role of a comprehensive list of business environment variables at the subnational level in explaining firm employment and productivity growth. The analysis finds basic protection, access to finance and infrastructure, and the existence of a strong agglomeration environment to be critically important. By contrast, human capital and a list of refined business environment variables related to labor regulations, tax, and land access are found to be relatively unimportant. The analysis also finds that the effects of the business environment vary according to firm size, age, sector affiliation, and the host country's level of development. The research suggests that it pays to be comprehensive about the business environment and that attention to heterogeneity is important.
Sustainable Digital Finance and the Pursuit of Environmental Sustainability

In recent years technology and sustainability emerged as two main drivers for economy and finance, each with its own characteristics and following independent paths of development. The general discourse on the relationship between technology (more recently financial technology-fintech) and sustainability tended to emphasize the role of technology as a tool for pursuing sustainability mostly from the perspective of financial inclusion. Therefore the relationship with environmental sustainability was less often considered. This book chapter tries to answer the question on the role of digital finance as a tool for pursuing environmental sustainability, and the way specific policies might contribute to pursuing this goal. Adopting this perspective, this book chapter considers the emergence of sustainable digital finance as the clearest result of the interplay between technology and sustainability, assessing its potential for contributing to environmental sustainability. In doing this, this book chapter considers the most relevant public initiatives at the international level and provides a brief overview of the technologies involved in sustainable digital finance, assessing their own specificities and complementarity. Finally, this book chapter makes some critical considerations and proposes some policy suggestions to strengthen sustainable digital finance in a view of achieving ambitious societal goals.
Association of medical cannabis licensure with prescription opioid receipt: A population-based, individual-level retrospective cohort study.

Background The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in physiological processes fundamental to pain, giving plausibility to the hypothesis that cannabis may be used as a substitute or complement to prescription opioids in the management of chronic pain. We examined the association of medical cannabis licensure with likelihood of prescription opioid receipt using administrative records. Methods This study linked registry information for medical cannabis licensure with records from the prescription drug monitoring program from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2019 to create a population-based, retrospective cohort in Rhode Island. We examined within-person changes in receipt of any opioid prescription and receipt of an opioid prescription with a morphine equivalent dose of 50 mg or more, and of 90 mg or more. Results The sample included 5,296 participants with medical cannabis license. Medical cannabis licensure was not associated with the odds of filling any opioid prescription (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-0.1.05) or the odds of filling a prescription with a morphine equivalent dose of 50 mg or more (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.84-1.04) and 90 mg or more (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.86-1.15). Conclusion Medical cannabis licensure was not associated with subsequent cessation and reduction in prescription opioid use. Re-scheduling of cannabis will allow for the conduct of randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of medical cannabis as an alternative to prescription opioid use or a complement to the use of lower doses of prescription opioids in patients with chronic pain.
Unusual magnetic, thermal, and transport behavior of single-crystalline EuRh 2 As 2

An antiferromagnetic transition is observed in single crystal EuRh2As2 at a high temperature T_N = 47 K compared to the ferromagnetic Weiss temperature theta = 12 K. We show that this is, surprisingly, consistent with mean field theory. A first-order field-induced magnetic transition is observed at T < T_N with an unusual temperature dependence of the transition field. A dramatic magnetic field-induced reduction of the electronic specific heat coefficient at 1.8-5.0 K by 38% at 9 T is observed. In addition, a strong positive magnetoresistance and a large change in the Hall coefficient occur below 25 K. Band structure calculations indicate that the Fermi energy lies on a steep edge of a narrow peak in the density of states.
Cyanogen as a conformational probe

Publisher Summary Cyanogen (C 2 N 2 ) is a unique protein reagent that drives the condensation of paired groups to form covalent links in a mode similar to that of carbodiimides in peptide and amide bond formation. The chapter describes the C 2 N 2 treatment of RNase S, which traps a minor conformer restoring some of the properties of RNase A, and of serum albumin where C 2 N 2 locks in a low α -helix form and alters ligand binding. The cyanogen treated protein is covalently modified locking the protein in one form. In RNase S, the trapping of the enzymatically active, trypsin-resistant form is consistent with a finite amount of an associated ALA20-SER21 pair at any given time. The high α conformation of human serum albumin (HAS) is locked into a low α form by C 2 N 2 . Ca ++ enhances the difference in secondary structures of HSA and HSA-CN; in fact, Ca ++ exerts opposite effects on HSA and HSA-CN.
Jurors Report that Risk Measure Scores Matter in Sexually Violent Predator Trials, but that Other Factors Matter More

After deliberating to a verdict, jurors (N = 462) from 40 sexually violent predator (SVP) trials completed a questionnaire asking them to rate the extent to which risk measure scores, diagnoses, expert witness testimony, and offender characteristics described during the trials influenced their commitment decisions. Jurors reported that offenders' sexual offending history, failure to change, and lack of remorse had the strongest influence on their commitment decisions. They reported that testimony about risk instrument scores (e.g., Static-99) and psychopathy had less influence on their decisions, but those who did report being influenced by instrument results were especially likely to view the offender as being at a high risk for reoffending. Overall, findings suggest that SVP jurors view risk measure results as important, but not as important as other offender, offense, and testimony characteristics, including some that have limited relevance to recidivism risk. Thus, findings also suggest that experts may need to better educate jurors regarding factors that do and do not relate to recidivism risk. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Validity of eucaryote inhibitors for assessing production and grazing mortality of marine bacterioplankton.

Application of eucaryote inhibitors to the estimation of production and grazing mortality of bacterioplankton was evaluated. Exposure to a range of concentrations of thiram, cycloheximide, and neutral red (0.4 to 210, 36 to 1,777, 4 to 346 μM, respectively) was 98 to 100% effective at inhibiting growth of a chrysomonad in culture. Exposure to colchicine and griseofulvin (50 to 1,000 μM for both) yielded only 24 to 94 and 53 to 79% inhibition, respectively. Exposures to thiram, neutral red, and griseofulvin were 90 to 100% effective at inhibiting growth in culture of a ciliate, Cyclidium sp., and the responses to colchicine and cycloheximide were variable (64 to 100 and 0 to 100% inhibition, respectively). Thiram and neutral red inhibited field populations of nanozooplankton more effectively than cycloheximide and colchicine. Direct effects of eucaryote inhibitors on growing cultures of bacterioplankton varied with parameters measured and duration of exposure. After 3-day exposures, specific growth rates and “instantaneous” heterotrophic potential ([14C]glucose uptake) were not consistently affected, but biosynthetic activity (RNA and DNA syntheses) was depressed. The degree of inhibition of isolates and field populations of phytoplankton depended upon type of inhibitor and phytoplankton species. In field experiments, it was possible to calculate rates of bacterioplankton production and grazing mortality for only 16 of 29 inhibitor experiments and for 4 of 10 size fractionation experiments. Bacterioplankton production and mortality estimates varied greatly with the eucaryote inhibitor used, and those derived from inhibition techniques were substantially different from those derived from fractionation techniques. The poor performances of both techniques are attributed to the following: (i) effects of inhibitors on phytoplankton, (ii) indirect effects of the inhibitors on bacterioplankton, and (iii) insufficient separation of grazers from prey by filtration techniques. Because of the inconsistent results obtained in this investigation, we strongly recommend exercising caution in the application of inhibitor techniques to ecological problems, especially in phototrophically dominated systems.