cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sun exposure reduction by melanoma survivors with wearable sensor providing real-time UV exposure and daily text messages with structured goal setting

Despite knowledge of subsequent melanoma risk and the benefit of sun protection in risk reduction, melanoma survivors often do not engage in adequate sun protection and continue to sunburn at rates similar to individuals without a history of skin cancer. This novel intensive intervention provided a wearable UV sensor delivering real-time UV exposure with a smartphone and daily text messages. On days 1–10 (period 1), behavioral facilitation and outcome expectancies messages were provided. On day 10, participants reviewed and reflected on their daily UV exposure on the previous 10 days and set goals for improving sun protection. Then on days 11–21 (period 2) self-efficacy and self-regulation messages were provided. Sixty melanoma survivors were randomized (1:1) to receive structured or unstructured goal setting queries on day 10. Controlling for cloudy/rain conditions with less UV due to weather, there was a time effect with a significant decrease in UV exposure from periods 1–2 [period 1–2, F (59) = 22.60, p < 0.0001]. In this short-term study, melanoma survivors managed their daily UV exposure to stay below their maximum tolerated UV dose. ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Record NCT0334796, date of registration Nov 15, 2017.
A Reappraisal of CT Angiography Derived Duplex Ultrasound Velocity Criteria With a Comparison to Digital Subtraction Angiography in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background Traditionally, carotid duplex ultrasound (CDUS) velocity criteria have been derived from angiography. Recent studies support a shift toward computed tomography angiography (CTA) derived velocity criteria; however, they lack a comparison to angiography. The purposes of this study are to validate CTA derived measurements with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and to update our previous CTA-derived velocity criteria for 50% and 80% stenosis. Methods All patients between 2010 and 2019 who underwent CDUS and a neck CTA within 6 months were identified for a retrospective review. Vessel diameter and corresponding CDUS data were recorded. Additional DSA measurements were recorded for a subset of patients. Data from this cohort were added to a previously reported deidentified data set from patients between 2000 and 2009. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine optimal velocity thresholds. Spearman rank correlation was used to correlate measurements obtained by CTA to those obtained by DSA. Results A total of 1139 vessels from 636 patients were analyzed. ROC analysis to identify ≥ 50% stenosis resulted in optimized thresholds of 143 cm/sec, 46.2 cm/sec, and 2.15 for peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and PSV to common carotid artery PSV ratio (PSVR), respectively. ROC analysis to identify ≥ 80% stenosis resulted in optimized thresholds of 319 cm/sec, 87.2 cm/sec, and 3.49 for PSV, EDV, and PSVR, respectively. The degree of carotid artery stenosis for a subset of 124 vessels on CTA correlated well with that of DSA (ρ = 0.89, P Conclusions These data demonstrate a high correlation between measurements obtained on CTA and DSA while forming reliable CTA-derived CDUS velocity criteria.
Mixed-Methods Assessment of Childhood Obesity: Parental and Familial Factors

Given the known health risks, societal burden, and healthcare costs associated with childhood obesity, addressing child weight and weight-related behaviors is critical. The home environment is one key domain to examine when trying to understand risk and protective factors for childhood obesity. This chapter presents innovative mixed-methods approaches to measuring key parental and familial factors linked to child weight and weight-related behaviors. The importance of including multiple family members when measuring the influence of the home environment on child weight and weight-related behaviors is discussed. Selected findings from three NIH-funded mixed-methods studies related to parent and familial factors of importance to child weight and weight-related behaviors are reported, and implications for future intervention research are presented.
Tracking Marine Litter With a Global Ocean Model: Where Does It Go? Where Does It Come From?

Plastic is the most abundant type of marine litter and their presence in the environment is a major concern because they remain in the oceans for a long time. It is found in all of the world's oceans and seas, even in remote areas far from human activities. To address questions that are of tremendous interest to the international community as it seeks to attend to the major sources of marine plastics in the ocean, we use particle tracking simulations to simulate the motions of mismanaged plastic waste and provide a quantitative global estimate of 1) where does the marine litter released into the ocean by a given country go and 2) where does the marine litter found on the coastline of a given country come from. The overall distribution of the modeled marine litter is in good agreement with the limited observations that we have at our disposal. The tables summarizing the statistics for all world countries are accessible from the supplemental information in .pdf or .csv formats.
Social Capital and Individual Ethics: Evidence from Financial Adviser Misconduct

We show that social capital has a strong mitigating effect on financial adviser misconduct in the United States. Moreover, advisers who have committed misconduct are also more likely to relocate to counties with a relatively lower level of social capital than that of his previously residing county. These findings provide support for both the deterrence and displacement effects of social capital on financial adviser misconduct, and are robust to tests that address potential endogeneity concerns. Our results shed new light on social capital as an informal governing and monitoring mechanism against individual unethical behavior.
Dispersible Plasmonic Doped Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Sensors that Optically Track Redox Reactions in Aqueous Media with Single‐Electron Sensitivity

Electron transfer in complex aqueous systems can be observed remotely with single-electron sensitivity using locally dispersed nanostructures conferred with electronic charge concentration-dependent plasmonic properties. When introduced to a system out of redox equilibrium, tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals undergo rapid multielectron transfer until redox equilibrium is reached; this modulates their free carrier concentration and plasmonic optical properties in the spectrally isolated near-infrared. This capability is harnessed here to noninvasively track, model, and quantify electron transfer events reversibly for organic, inorganic, biogenic, and even living cells.
Lithium carbonate and leukocytosis

White blood cell (WBC) counts of 37 hospitalized adult psychiatric patients were examined for changes during treatment with lithium carbonate. Group 1 (n = 19) patients had WBC counts taken before and after lithium therapy. Group 2 (n = 16) patients had WBC counts taken only after lithium therapy. The remaining two patients had infections and were considered separately. In Group 1, a significant leukocytosis was observed over baseline values (p less than 0.001). The mean increase in WBC count was 2,237 cells/cu mm. For Group 2 patients, the mean WBC count observed was 11,950 +/- 4,028 cells/cu mm, which is higher than the normal leukocyte count in peripheral blood. An increase in circulating leukocytes was observed in the majority of these patients. The data indicate that the leukocytosis was drug related, but the increase did not appear to be dose related or dependent on the concentration of lithium in the blood.
Motivation for Writing the Paper Risk Effect on Offshore Systems Development Project Cost

This paper discusses the motivation behind the original version of the paper Risk Effect on Onshore Systems Development Cost , and why the paper was revised for publication in this Special Issue. This revised paper more effectively supports our belief that considering all the risk-driven project costs in offshoring may result in total project costs exceeding domestic solutions.
Slip flow and heat transfer in rectangular and circular microchannels using hybrid FE/FV method

SUMMARY Rarefied gas flows typically encountered in MEMS systems are numerically investigated in this study. Fluid flow and heat transfer in rectangular and circular microchannels within the slip flow regime are studied in detail by our recently developed implicit, incompressible, hybrid (finite element/finite volume) flow solver. The hybrid flow solver methodology is based on the pressure correction or projection method, which involves a fractional step approach to obtain an intermediate velocity field by solving the original momentum equations with the matrix-free, implicit, cell-centered finite volume method. The Poisson equation resulting from the fractional step approach is then solved by node based Galerkin finite element method for an auxiliary variable, which is closely related to pressure and is used to update the velocity field and pressure field. The hybrid flow solver has been extended for applications in MEMS by incorporating first order slip flow boundary conditions. Extended inlet boundary conditions are used for rectangular microchannels, whereas classical inlet boundary conditions are used for circular microchannels to emphasize on the entrance region singularity. In this study, rarefaction effects characterized by Knudsen number (Kn) in the range of 0 ⩽ Kn ⩽ 0.1 are numerically investigated for rectangular and circular microchannels with constant wall temperature. Extensive validations of our hybrid code are performed with available analytical solutions and experimental data for fully developed velocity profiles, friction factors, and Nusselt numbers. The influence of rarefaction on rectangular microchannels with aspect ratios between 0 and 1 is thoroughly investigated. Friction coefficients are found to be decreasing with increasing Knudsen number for both rectangular and circular microchannels. The reduction in the friction coefficients is more pronounced for rectangular microchannels with smaller aspect ratios. Effects of rarefaction and gas-wall surface interaction parameter on heat transfer are analyzed for rectangular and circular microchannels. For most engineering applications, heat transfer is decreased with rarefaction. However, for fluids with very large Prandtl numbers, velocity slip dominates the temperature jump resulting in an increase in heat transfer with rarefaction. Depending on the gas-wall surface interaction properties, extreme reductions in the Nusselt number can occur. Present results confirm the existence of a transition point below and above wherein heat transfer enhancement and reduction can occur. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cosmetic approach for placement of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in young women

A surgical approach is described for a more cosmetically acceptable placement of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in young women. The transvenous sensing lead and the vena caval spring electrode are placed through a small subclavicular incision. The left ventricular patch electrode is placed through an anterior minithoracotomy in the crease under the left breast. A small transverse incision in the left lower quadrant is used to place the generator under the external oblique fascia in the low abdominal wall. Minimal cosmetic impairment from incisions and hardware results.
Laguerre polynomial expansions

Abstract The differential operator generated by the Laguerre differential equation xy″ + (1 + α − x)y′ + λy = 0 is considered for all α both in the classical setting L2(0,∞; xαe−x) and in the Sobolev space H1(0,∞;xα + 1e−x;xαe−x). In L2 a shifted operator exists for α −1. In H1, we prove that for α ⩾ 0 the Laguerre operator, self-adjoint in L2, remains self-adjoint with a restricted domain. For α ⩽ 0 a shifted operator corresponds to the case α ⩾ 0, just as in the L2 case.
Interface Between Chemically Vapor Deposited Titanium Carbide and Cemented Carbide Substrate

The interface between a TiC coating deposited by CVD and a substrate of Co-bonded multicarbide was studied by SEM, RHEED, and AES. The presence of an additional phase several micrometers thick at the interface is indicated by etching and SEM examination. Earlier supposition that it is an R) phase, W6Co6C, is confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. This phase surrounds all the near-surface WC grains but the cubic-carbide grains are not contacted. It is suggested that, because of their capacity for nonstoichiometry, the cubic-carbide grains act as carbon sources and prevent the local decarburization of the binder phase which leads to η formation.
Effects of Trimethaphan on Arterial Blood Histamine and Systemic Hemodynamics in Humans

Because of lack of direct evidence of histamine release by trimethaphan, the authors determined serum histamine levels and hemodynamic responses to trimethaphan administration in 19 consecutive patients. Group 1 patients (n = 7) received a single intravenous injection of trimethaphan, 0.5 mg X kg-1, while awake and again during stable halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Group 2 patients (n = 6) were pretreated with intravenous H1 (chlorpheniramine, 0.1 mg X kg-1) and H2 (cimetidine, 4 mg X kg-1) receptor antagonists administered 15 min before trimethaphan, 0.5 mg X kg-1, in the awake and anesthetized states. In Group 3 (n = 6), the effects of infusion of trimethaphan, 3 mg X min-1 for 15 min, were studied during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. In Group 1, bolus doses of trimethaphan were associated with maximal increases in serum histamine from 0.56 +/- 0.14 to 2.56 +/- 0.35 ng X ml-1 (P less than 0.01) and from 0.60 +/- 0.11 to 2.58 +/- 0.33 ng X ml-1 (P less than 0.01) 2 min after drug administration in the awake and anesthetized states, respectively; there were also clinical manifestations of histamine release. Mean arterial pressure decreased maximally after 5 min in the awake (from 92.0 +/- 3.4 to 69.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg; P less than 0.01) and anesthetized (from 82.6 +/- 3.7 to 57.3 +/- 2.5 mmHg; P less than 0.01) states, and was associated with increases in cardiac output and heart rate; stroke volume increased in the awake state only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structures of Platinum Clusters: Planar or Spherical?†

Platinum clusters of up to 55 atoms were studied using density functional theory with a plane wave basis set. The results show that planar platinum clusters of up to nine atoms are as stable as their three-dimensional isomers and the six-atom planar cluster is, surprisingly, more stable than its three-dimensional isomers. Among the three-dimensional platinum clusters investigated in this work, the layered clusters are found to be as stable as their spherical close-packed isomers. The high stability of planar and layered clusters suggests that it is easy to grow a platinum monolayer or multilayer. The existence of many energetically possible isomers shows a fluxional structural characteristic of platinum clusters. The effect of the spin−orbit coupling was investigated, and the results show that the relative stability of the Pt clusters is not affected although the binding energy of the cluster increases if the spin−orbit coupling is included in the calculation. Most of the platinum clusters studied here sh...
Influence of medium-chain triglycerides on lipid metabolism in the chick.

The effect of corn oil, coconut oil, and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT, a glyceride mixture consisting almost exclusively of fatty acids of 8 and 10 carbons in length) ingestion on lipid metabolism was studied in chicks. In chicks fed cholesterol-free diets, MCT ingestion elevated plasma total lipids and cholesterol and depressed liver total lipids and cholesterol when compared to chicks receiving the corn oil diet. As a consequence of the opposite effects of MCT ingestion on plasma and liver cholesterol and total lipids, the plasma-liver cholesterol pool was not altered. When cholesterol was included in the diets, dietary MCT depressed liver and plasma total lipids and cholesterol as compared with corn oil, consequently also lowered the plasmaliver cholesterol pool.
Introduction and evaluation of Chilocorus bipustulatus [Col.: Coccinellidae] for control of Parlatoria blanchardi [Hom.: Diaspididae] in date groves of Niger

Chilocorus bipustulatus L. was successfully established in oases of the Air Mountain region of Northern Niger (West Africa), where it became the major cause of mortality among adult females of the armored scaleParlatoria blanchardi Targioni-Tozzetti. This resulted in significantly lower scale infestation of date palms in a test plot when compared to a control with no introduced ladybeetles. The coccinellids were able to reproduce year-round, but during the hot season were largely confined to natural refuges composed of dense stands of date palms. Dispersal and multiplication occurred primarily during the rainy season, toward the end of which the greatest suppression of scale populations was seen.
Spring-Applied Nitrogen and Productivity of Cool-Season Grass Seed Crops

Understanding effects of spring N rates and application timing on seed yield and yield components of cool-season grass seed crops will help improve N fertilization management. We tested effects of 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 kg N ha -1 , applied at the double-ridge (DR) stage of development on seed yield and yield components of Chewing's fescue [Festuca rubra L. subsp.fallax (Thuill.) Nyman; syn. F. rubra var. commutata Gaudin], tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in 1985 and 1986. In a second study, effects of 120 kg N ha -1 , applied either at DR, at spikelet initiation (SI), or equally split between the two stages, were tested. Soil type for both experiments was fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixerolls. Chewing's fescue seed yield was not affected by N rates in 1985 and was the greatest at 90 kg N ha 1 in 1986. Averaged across years, orchardgrass seed yield was the greatest at 120 kg N ha -1 . Nitrogen rates did not affect seed yield of tall fescue. Seed yield of all species was most closely correlated with the number of seeds produced per unit area. Seed number per unit area was primarily correlated with the number of seeds produced per panicle in all species; in orchardgrass, the number of panicles per unit area also contributed to total number of seeds produced. Seed yields of all three species were the greatest when N was applied at DR. Split application was not better than application of all N at DR or SI. We concluded that in western Oregon spring application of 90 kg N ha -1 for Chewing's fescue and tall fescue and 120 kg N ha -1 for orchardgrass should be adequate for seed production. For all species, spring N should be applied in one application at DR.
Veterinarians: An Unexplored Niche

ABSTRACTOne response to current market pressures and financial constraints for pharmacies is to find and target specialty niches in the marketplace. Veterinarians are on the relatively short list of practitioners who can make a market in prescription pharmaceuticals. One hundred seventy-seven veterinarians were surveyed with a 24-item instrument developed in conjunction with a practicing veterinary cardiologist to provide a profile of the veterinarian and veterinary practices as related to the dispensing and prescribing of pharmaceuticals. Results of this survey are presented, along with a discussion of the results and implications for practice.
Toward Feedback Controlled Anesthesia: Automated Flow Analytical System for Electrochemical Monitoring of Propofol in Serum Solutions

For monitoring of the popular anesthetic drug propofol an automatic flow analytical system (AFAS) has been built that allows the quantitative measurement of electrochemically active compounds in continuous flow, stopped flow and flow injection analysis (FIA) modes. The performance characteristics of the AFAS is demon- strated using a microfabricated planar electrochemical cells in combination with a ~ 15 mL volume flow cell. To perform continuous monitoring experiments and the anal- ysis of individual propofol samples an organic membrane- coated voltammetric sensor has been implemented into the AFAS. The membrane coating prevents electrode fouling, provides outstanding detection limit and selectivi- ty for the voltammetric working electrode.
Lowering of pHi inhibits Ca2+-activated K+ channels in pancreatic B-cells.

Glucose-dependent periodic electrical activity of membranes of pancreatic islet cells1,2 mediates calcium uptake3,4, which is important for glucose-induced insulin release. As yet there has been no direct evidence identifying the ‘second messenger’ which couples the uptake and metabolism of glucose4 to the change of membrane electrical activity. Recent evidence showing that intracellular acidification stimulates islet B-cell electrical activity in a glucose-like manner has suggested that protons produced metabolically may serve as messengers by blocking K+ channels5 and depolarizing the membrane. Thus protons have been suggested6 to inhibit the Ca2+-activated K+-conductance [GK(Ca)] which is thought5–9 to produce the ‘pacemaker’ current responsible for the rhythmic firing of plateau depolarizations10 and Ca2+ spikes11. Although these conductance channels have been characterized at the single channel level in several tissues12–18, little is known of their response to intracellular pH (ref. 19) and they have not yet been characterized in B-cells. We have, therefore, used the patch-clamp method to study identified rat B-cells and show here that the B-cell GK(Ca) channel is activated by membrane depolarization as well as by cytoplasmic Ca2+, while it is inhibited by acidification of the cytoplasmic membrane surface.
Healing our health care system: a plan to provide service and quality care.

Program chairmen and directors and other surgical educators make decisions about surgical education that will have a ripple effect on residents, and eventually, medical students. This section is designed to show you residents’ perspectives and thoughts about issues in surgical education that affect their lives, their education, and their treatment of patients. In each issue, 3 residents from across the nation will be asked to write their response to a question, given to them by the editorial staff. This issue’s question is ‘‘If you were the czar of U.S. health care what kind of a plan would you devise to meet the needs of our nation?’’
Noise of a model counterrotation propeller with simulated fuselage and support pylon at takeoff/approach conditions

Two modern high-speed advanced counterrotation propellers, F7/A7 and F7/A3 were tested in the NASA Lewis Research Centers's 9- by 15-foot Anechoic Wind Tunnel at simulated takeoff/approach conditions of 0.2 Mach number. Both rotors were of similar diameter on the F7/A7 propeller, while the aft rotor diameter of the F7/A3 propeller was 85 percent of the forward propeller to reduce tip vortex-aft rotor interaction. The two propellers were designed for similar performance. The propellers were tested in both the clean configuration, and installed configuration consisting of a simulated upstream nacelle support pylon and fuselage section. Acoustic measurements were made with an axially translating microphone probe, and with a polar microphone probe which was fixed to the propeller nacelle and could make both sideline and circumferential acoustic surveys. Aerodynamic measurements were also made to establish propeller operating conditions. The propellers were run at blade setting angles (fron angle/rear angle) of 41.1/39.4 deg for the F7/A7 propeller, and 41.1/46.4 deg for the F7/A3 propeller. The forward rotors were tested over a range of tip speeds from 165 to 259 m/sec (540 to 850 ft/sec), and both propellers were tested at the maximum rotor-rotor spacing, based on pitch change axis separation, of 14.99 cm (5.90 in.). The data presented in this paper are for 0 deg propeller axis angle of attack. Results are presented for the baseline, pylon-alone, and strut + fuselage configurations. The presence of the simulated fuselage resulted in higher rotor-alone tone levels in a direction normal to the advancing propeller blade near the fuselage. A corresponding rotor-alone tone reduction was often observed 180 deg circumferentially from this region of increased noise. A significant rotor-alone increase for both rotors was observed diametrically opposite the fuselage. In some cases, interaction tone levels were likewise affected by the simulated installation.
A model of employee responses to drug-testing programs

Testing employees for drug use is an increasingly widespread organizational response to the problem of employee drug abuse. Despite this, little attention has been given to its effects on employee attitudes and behavior. This paper reviews the issue of drug testing in industry, provides a theoretical model of employee perceptions of and responses to drug-testing programs, and offers an agenda for future research directions.
Interaction of H and H2 with the silicon dangling orbital at the Si/SiO2 interface.

We present a molecular-orbital study of trivalent silicon atoms on the 〈111〉 Si/${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ interface in the presence of atomic and molecular hydrogen. We consider both passivation and depassivation of dangling silicon orbitals as a function of charge state. Our results for the neutral charge state are in good agreement with experiment. We predict a 1.32 eV activation energy for the concerted reaction involving ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ dissociation and Si-H bond formation, compared with Brower's experimental value of 1.66 eV, and we predict a Si-H detachment energy of 2.7 eV, compared with 2.5 eV obtained by Brower and Myers. We predict that biased annealing would lead to strikingly different passivation kinetics.
Links between acceleration, melting, and supraglacial lake drainage of the western Greenland Ice Sheet

The impact of increasing summer melt on the dynamics and stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet is not fully understood. Mounting evidence suggests seasonal evolution of subglacial drainage mitigates or counteracts the ability of surface runoff to increase basal sliding. Here, we compare subdaily ice velocity and uplift derived from nine Global Positioning System stations in the upper ablation zone in west Greenland to surface melt and supraglacial lake drainage during summer 2007. Starting around day 173, we observe speedups of 6-41% above spring velocity lasting approximately 40 days accompanied by sustained surface uplift at most stations, followed by a late summer slowdown. After initial speedup, we see a spatially uniform velocity response across the ablation zone and strong diurnal velocity variations during periods of melting. Most lake drainages were undetectable in the velocity record, and those that were detected only perturbed velocities for approximately 1 day, suggesting preexisting drainage systems could efficiently drain large volumes of water. The dynamic response to melt forcing appears to 1) be driven by changes in subglacial storage of water that is delivered in diurnal and episodic pulses, and 2) decrease over the course of the summer, presumably as the subglacial drainage system evolves to greater efficiency. The relationship between hydrology and ice dynamics observed is similar to that observed on mountain glaciers, suggesting that seasonally large water pressures under the ice sheet largely compensate for the greater ice thickness considered here. Thus, increases in summer melting may not guarantee faster seasonal ice flow.
Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst: a case report and review of the literature

We report a case of an 81-year-old female with an asymptomatic, fluctuant, gingival nodule occurring in the area of the left mandibular first premolar and canine. The clinical impression was that of a gingival cyst of the adult. However, microscopic examination revealed features of an odontogenic keratocyst, including a parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelial lining with a palisading basal cell layer and an absence of rete. A review of the literature revealed 12 previously reported cases of peripheral odontogenic keratocyst with an average age of 51 years and a 1.5:1 female:male ratio. Among these cases, there was a striking predilection for the gingiva in the canine-premolar region (n = 9), a presentation similar to that of the gingival cyst of the adult. Two cases were associated with superficial erosion of the underlying alveolar bone. However, all reported lesions fulfilled the histopathologic criteria for an odontogenic keratocyst. One case occurred in a patient with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Recurrence was seen after 6 months in the present case and after 7 years in 1 of the previously reported cases. There is some controversy in the literature as to whether to consider this lesion a variant of the gingival cyst of the adult or the soft tissue counterpart of the central odontogenic keratocyst; we favor the latter view given the distinct histopathologic features, recurrence potential, and occasional association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
One-parameter family of soliton solutions with compact support in a class of generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations.

We study the generalized Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equations derivable from the Lagrangian [ital L]([ital l],[ital p])=[integral][1/2[ital cphi][sub [ital x]cphi[ital t]][minus]([ital cphi][sub [ital x]])[sup [ital l]]/ [ital l]([ital l][minus]1)+[alpha]([ital cphi][sub [ital x]])[sup [ital p]]([ital cphi][sub [ital x][ital x]])[sup 2]][ital dx], where the usual fields [ital u]([ital x],[ital t]) of the generalized KdV equation are defined by [ital u]([ital x],[ital t])=[ital cphi][sub [ital x]]([ital x],[ital t]). For [ital p] an arbitrary continuous parameter 0[lt][ital p][le]2, [ital l]=[ital p]+2 we find soliton solutions with compact support (compactons) to these equations which have the feature that their width is independent of the amplitude. This generalizes previous results which considered [ital p]=1,2. For the exact compactons we find a relation between the energy, mass, and velocity of the solitons. We show that this relationship can also be obtained using a variational method based on the principle of least action.
Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes

Ice-core records show that climate changes in the past have been large, rapid, and synchronous over broad areas extending into low latitudes, with less variability over historical times. These ice-core records come from high mountain glaciers and the polar regions, including small ice caps and the large ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
Towards content based object recognition with image primitive

Content-based object recognition is very useful in many applications, such as medical image processing and diagnosis, target identification with satellite remote sensing. For content-based object recognition, the representation of image segments is critical. Although there are already some approaches to represent image shapes, many of them have limitations because of their insensitivity to the deviations of object appearance. In this paper, an approach is proposed by constructing an image primitive database and representing image with a basis set extracted from the database. The cortical modeling is used here to extract the basis set by isolating the inherent shapes within each image from an image database and defines shapes from this basis set. In our approach, image segments are clustered based on similarity in perimeter and size instead of centroid based metrics by employing the fractional power filter, and the clusters are represented in descriptive vectors as signatures and form basis for shape representation. This approach has advantages in sensitivity to the idiosyncratic nature of the distribution of shapes and efficiency. For validation, we selected a large number of images from web sites randomly. The experiments indicate that describing shapes from this basis set is robust to alterations of the shape such as small occlusions, limited skew, and limited range.
Time, dose and tumor volume relationships in megavoltage irradiation of squamous cell carcinomas of the retromolar trigone and anterior tonsillar pillar.

Abstract Between March 1954 and August 1973, 204 patients with 5quamous cell carcinomas of the retromolar trigone and anterior tonsillar pillar were treated with conventional definitive megavoltage radiotherapy with conventional time schedules. The data were analyzed with time-dose scattergrams to correlate the probability of control of the primary lesion with dose, total treatment time and tumor volume (stage). For early stage lesions ( T 1 ), 6000–6500 rad tumor dose given in 6–6.5 weeks is felt to be adequate for a control rate of approximately 90%. For more advance disease ( T 2 − T 3 ), a control rate in excess of 90% should be obtained when 7000 rad tumor dose is delivered in 7 weeks. The slope of an isoeffect curve between 4 and 8 weeks is probably around 0.35. Complications correlate with the extent of cancer present, since 6 of the 9 complications which required surgery were in patients with stage T 3 disease. A certain percentage of complications must be accepted if a high percentage of control is to be achieved.
No Caption Needed: Iconic Photographs, Public Culture, and Liberal Democracy – By Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites

No Caption Needed is a snappy title. However, the subtitle, Iconic Photographs, Public Culture, and Liberal Democracy, needs some sort of cultural caveat. An icon is a totem; each one is not capabl...
Enzyme Treatments to Enhance Oil Recovery from Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of enzyme hydrolysis of various corn components on oil recovery from condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS). Hydrolysis with a commercial protease significantly increased oil recovery as the enzyme concentration increased, with the greatest oil recovery being 70% at 10% v/w (dry weight basis) enzyme concentration. Increasing centrifugal force from 8,500 to 12,240×g was only slightly effective for the non-enzyme treated samples. Reducing CCDS particle size by grinding with a mortar and pestle increased oil recovery to 83% when an enzyme combination of a commercial cellulase mixture and a protease was used. Particle size reduction of CCDS by high-speed blending resulted in low oil recovery, but the oil recovery was significantly improved after enzyme treatment. Zein-lipid interaction was very strong when tested in a model system, with only 10% of the oil being freed by centrifugation alone. Following enzyme hydrolysis of the zein-oil complex with a protease, oil recovery was increased to 97%. Overall, enzyme hydrolysis and further particle size reduction showed a small, albeit statistically significant, effect in increasing oil recovery from CCDS. These small increases may not justify the use of enzymes or processing modifications to reduce particle size in the ethanol industry, nonetheless, these data may provide a reference or insight to design more effective treatments for oil recovery.
Engaged Scholars and Thoughtful Practitioners: Enhancing Their Dialogue in the Knowledge Society

Engaged Scholars and Thoughtful Practitioners: Enhancing Their Dialogue in the Knowledge Society
A Hybrid Optical System For Linear Transformation Processing

A microcomputer-based optical linear transformation processing system is proposed. The technique utilizes a systolic array processing method to perform various types of linear transformations, such as discrete Fourier transformation, discrete Hilbert transformation, discrete chirp-Z transformation and many others. By partially parallel addressing two magneto-optic spatial light modulators (MOSLM), this proposed system would offer high speed and parallel processing capability of optics and programmabilty of microcomputer.
An Apparently Anomalous Raman Effect in Water

CARRELLI, Pringsheim, and Rosen (Zeits. fur Physik, 51, 511; 1928) have shown that the Raman scattering by water molecules yields only one modified frequency, corresponding to an infra-red band at 2.90µ. This modified frequency has, at first appearance, two anomalous aspects: (1) the modified ‘line’ is really a broad band of approximately 500 cm.-1 width, in contrast to the sharpness of Raman lines produced by organic liquids; (2) no infra-red band corresponds exactly with the centre of the observed scattered band, the nearest one being the strong 3.0µ infra-red band.
Lower radiation dose coronary CT angiography with new imaging technologies

Developments in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) are largely driven by the goal of high quality, reproducible, and accurate coronary CT angiography that is simple to perform and simple to interpret. Until recently, 64-slice CT was considered state-of-the-art; the 64 slices per gantry rotation were achieved with either 64-detector rows, or 32-detector rows and a strategy to double the slice number by alternating the focal spot of the X-ray source. These ‘‘64-generation’’ scanners offered considerable advantages over earlier technology such as superior spatial resolution and volume coverage. Temporal resolution was dramatically improved with the introduction of dual source CT. All four CT vendors have released new products for cardiac CT since November 2007 at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). Many developments have focused on lowering the patient radiation dose and applications for lower dose imaging. Some of these features were available for ‘‘64-generation’’ scanners, although doses using these technologies varied [1]. The group of new technologies can be called the ‘‘post-64’’ era [2] of coronary CT angiography (CTA). This collection of advances is difficult to name more descriptively because, unlike the evolution from 4 to 64 detector row coronary CTA, current CT releases are far from uniform, reflecting different approaches to image acquisition in the post-64 era. No single CT scanner offers the full portfolio of newest features. However, each offers coronary CTA with radiation doses reported (or marketed, for those new technologies that do not have peer-review publications to date) as comparable to, or lower than, conventional coronary angiography. This Special Edition compiles peer-review low dose imaging articles from authors who use all major CT platforms. Below is a brief summary of new cardiac CT technologies as of February 2009. The descriptions are far from complete, but additional detail will be found in the pages to follow, including an overview of dose reduction techniques from Dr. Halliburton. Most cardiovascular imagers primarily use only one CT platform. This potentially introduces bias. Under normal circumstances, such bias could be considered detrimental. However, in this Special Issue the editorial staff has purposely solicited input from users of each vendor. The most recent strategy (US approval in October 2008) for cardiac CT imaging features a scanner with two 4 cm detectors (dual source), each with 64 detector rows (128 slices each with an alternating focal spot) and a 285 ms gantry rotation time (Somatom Definition Flash, Siemens Medical Systems, F. J. Rybicki (&) Applied Imaging Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA e-mail: frybicki@partners.org
The oxidative rearrangement of 5α-cholestan-3-one

Abstract Treatment of 5α-cholestan-3-one (I) with hydrogen peroxide and selenic acid, followed by esterification, leads to 2α-carbomethoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (II) as the major product. Two other products also isolated are 3β-carbomethoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (IVa) and methyl 2,3-seco-5α-cholestane-2,3-dioate (Va). These facts are discussed in terms of a possible reaction mechanism.
Three Problems in Search of a Measure

(1994). Three Problems in Search of a Measure. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 7, pp. 609-628.
A Contribution to the Anatomy and Embryology of Cladorchis (Stichorchis) Subtriquetrus Rudolphi, 1814 (Fischoeder, 1901)

In 1814 Rudolphi described, under the name of Amphistomum subtriquetrum , a fluke from the caecum of the European beaver ( Castor fiber ). Little of importance was added for many years; i.e., until 1897, when Otto described it somewhat fully including its internal anatomy, and 1901 and 1903, when Fischoeder wrote of it in his classical revision of the Amphistomidae. In 1914 Duff described a similar parasite, this time from the American beaver ( Castor fiber canadensis ) which she believes to be identical with that of the European animal.
Experimental Model Identification and Controller Design of a Vapor Compression Cycle for Electronics Cooling

In this paper dynamic identification of the evaporator dynamics in a vapor compression cycle (VCC) subjected to imposed heat flux is studied. The imposed heat flux boundary condition at the evaporator represents a specific application of the VCC for electronics cooling. However, different models and control algorithms than traditional VCCs are required. First principle models are highly nonlinear and, hence, not practical for system control. A dynamic model identification of the refrigerant temperature at the exit of the evaporator, refrigerant pressure, and temperature of the heating element is performed by varying the expansion valve opening. It is shown that single-input single-output (SISO) identification is not sufficient to capture the dynamics of the evaporator, due to the coupling of the dynamics in the entire system. Including the effect of incoming mass flow rate into the evaporator to the model significantly improves the identification and prediction of the evaporator dynamics. Finally, a SISO controller based on the identified model, is designed and tested experimentally. The control objective is to maintain the temperature of the heating element below a set point, subjected to changes in heat flux.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Long Decay Model of One-Dimensional Projectile Motion

This article introduces a research study on student model formation and development in introductory mechanics. As a point of entry, I present a detailed analysis of the Long Decay Model of one-dimensional projectile motion. This model has been articulated by Galileo (in De Motu) and by contemporary students. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Bicrystal studies of high transition temperature superconductors

Abstract At the present time, the properties of high angle grain boundaries determine the macroscopic electromagnetic character of all polycrystalline high T c superconducting cuprates and dictate the types of applications for which these materials can be developed. Understanding and control of their grain boundary properties thus continues to be a key research issue. As was emphasized by Prof. Robert W. Balluffi in his work on internal interfaces, a complete understanding of grain boundary properties requires systematic study of single grain boundaries for which the structure, crystallography, and properties are investigated in a coupled manner. It is precisely these kinds of experiments that have yielded the most insight into the general properties, the range of properties, and structure-property relationships for grain boundaries in the high T c superconductors. This paper describes the bicrystal studies that have been conducted by our groups at the University of Wisconsin and their key results.
The number 1 requirement for exiting this recession: rebuild trust! Recent survey reveals trust as critical

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal survey findings on the impact of trust and consider how to rebuild trust in organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Recent survey by Bates Communications, Inc. of 148 business professionals.Findings – The clear number 1 issue emerging from the downturn was executives' ability to rebuild trust with employees, clients, and customers. Data from our survey showed that this recession caused significant damage to business relationships, damage that must be repaired if many companies are to move forward and take advantage of the opportunities of the rebuilding economy.Research limitations/implications – In addition to our own survey, other studies have corroborated our results. According to the 2009 Midyear Edelman Trust Barometer, trust in business continues to be the issue starkly revealed in its January 2009 report that had reported a devastating loss in trust in the private sector. In the Midyear survey, when asked what companies could do to rebuild trust ...
Critical Speed for Floppy Disks

This paper uses Lyapunov's method to determine the critical speed of a flexible spinning disk enclosed in a housing that hydrodynamically couples the transverse motion of the disk to the motion of the thin films of air surrounding the disk. Depending on the clamping ratio, this critical speed is three to ten times higher than the critical speed in the absence of hydrodynamic coupling and does not depend on the strength of the hydrodynamic coupling. Despite the nonlinearity of the underlying model, the critical speed problem is linear and tractable. The linearized free-vibration problem is also computed to verify the stability prediction and to examine linearized damping and stiffness as possible design criteria. The results are relevant to the design of both conventional computer floppy disks and the emerging generation of 100+ MB floppies.
In vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Aerococcus urinae

Aerococcus urinae may cause urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis. No standardized susceptibility test methods or interpretive criteria have been proposed for this organism. This study reports the MIC results for 128 A. urinae isolates tested by broth microdilution. The isolates had low MICs to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, linezolid, meropenem, penicillin, rifampin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin. However, 55% of the isolates had MICs to clindamycin of >0.25 μg/ml, 44% had MICs to erythromycin of >0.25 μg/ml, and 16% had MICs to levofloxacin of >2 μg/ml.
Interior-point algorithms for a class of convex optimization problems

In this paper we consider interior-point methods (IPM) for the nonlinear, convex optimization problem where the objective function is a weighted sum of reciprocals of variables subject to linear constraints (SOR). This problem appears often in various applications such as statistical stratified sampling and entropy problems, to mention just few examples. The SOR is solved using two IPMs. First, a homogeneous IPM is used to solve the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the problem which is a standard approach. Second, a homogeneous conic quadratic IPM is used to solve the SOR as a reformulated conic quadratic problem. As far as we are aware of it, this is a novel approach not yet considered in the literature. The two approaches are then numerically tested on a set of randomly generated problems using optimization software MOSEK. They are compared by CPU time and the number of iterations, showing that the second approach works better for problems with higher dimensions. The main reason is that although the first approach increases the number of variables, the IPM exploits the structure of the conic quadratic reformulation much better than the structure of the original problem.
Inequalities based on unitarity and duality

Abstract Two sets of inequalities, one based on unitarity and the other on duality, are derived. From them we obtain useful constraints on various Regge couplings involving the Pomeron. The constraints are particularly powerful if the Pomeron is a pole with unit intercept. Interesting relationships among the intercepts of the leading Reggeons of different quantum number are also obtained; all agree with the experemental observation.