cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Medieval Marquee: Church Portal Sculpture as Publicity

The complexity of movie marquees is well-known to those who frequent films with the avidity of the penitent seeking heaven. Thesymboliccontent of a marquee that has the name of the late John Wayne in The Searchers is subtly but forcefully apparent; we know what values are contained i n the lean and lone figure of Wayne, and behind him the values in Hollywood as transmitted through John Ford, the director. So it is with the “medieval marquee,” the Church portal sculpture, as Charles Altman makes clear, with the Church proclaiming its values, as it shores up the common people's belief in salvation and ensures the status quo of a class structure. The Church in the Middle Ages, according to Altman, is theentrepreneur, just as the film industry today mediates public taste with its seductive appeal; in both instances, it is the “well-planned marquee” which lures its customers inside.
A hybrid-circuit tile-approach architecture for high-power spatial power-combined transmitters

A new architecture for spatial power combining is presented. This design addresses the issues of high reliability/thermal management, maximizing combining efficiency, and maximizing graceful degradation. The design has been tested with the construction of a brassboard 4-by-4 subarray at 10 GHz. The measured results show an EIRP of 25.0 dBW (315 W), output power greater than 4 W, and a DC-to-RF conversion efficiency greater than 18%. The spatial power-combined transmitter described in this paper is designed to feed a reflector antenna. >
Insert movie reference here: a system to bridge conversation and item-oriented web sites

Item-oriented Web sites maintain repositories of information about things such as books, games, or products. Many of these Web sites offer discussion forums. However, these forums are often disconnected from the rich data available in the item repositories. We describe a system, movie linking, that bridges a movie recommendation Web site and a movie-oriented discussion forum. Through automatic detection and an interactive component, the system recognizes references to movies in the forum and adds recommendation data to the forums and conversation threads to movie pages. An eight week observational study shows that the system was able to identify movie references with precision of .93 and recall of .78. Though users reported that the feature was useful, their behavior indicates that the feature was more successful at enriching the interface than at integrating the system.
Sore throat, tonsillitis, and adenoiditis

Diseases of the tonsils and palate have been given prominent consideration by ancient physicians as well as today. Hippocrates performed tonsillectomy by grasping the tonsil with a hook and excising it with a knife. Galen as well described surgical treatments of the tonsils and uvula. Pain and postoperative bleeding were encountered then as now. Crowe et al 4 reported on 1000 consecutive tonsillectomies performed between 1911 and 1917 at Johns Hopkins using meticulous dissection and the Crowe Davis mouth gag. The complication rate from this series is approximately the same as it is today. New techniques to aid in the surgery of tonsils and adenoids, including the laser, bipolar cautery, and microdebriders or microshavers, do not seem to have definitely affected the recuperative time necessary for full recovery or complications associated with the surgery. Tonsillectomy remains a commonly performed surgical procedure and is in the top ten of procedures performed in outpatient centers by volume. Significant health care dollars are spent on diseases of the tonsils and adenoids, especially in children. The primary care physician, internist, pediatrician, and otolaryngologist involved in the treatment of sore throat and adenotonsillar disorders should have a standardized knowledge base to effect the best possible outcome for patients.
Two-Dimensional Micromachined Flow Sensor Array for Fluid Mechanics Studies

We discuss two types of micromachined flow sensors realized by using novel microfabrication processes—a hot-wire an- emometer ~based on thermal transfer! and a biologically inspired flow sensor ~based on momentum transfer!. Both sensors are enabled by a new, efficient three-dimensional assembly technique called the plastic deformation magnetic assembly method. The sensors can be packaged in high-density, two-dimensional arrays efficiently, with each sensor node capable of performing two-component or three- component flow sensing. We first discuss the development of new hot-wire anemometers ~HWA!. The HWA uses a thermal element ~hot wire! that is made of Pt/Ni/Pt film with a measured temperature coefficient of resistance of 2,700 ppm/°C. The thermal element is elevated out of plane by using support beams made of polyimide, a polymer material. Both steady-state and transient characteristics of the sensor have been experimentally obtained. The second type of flow sensor is based on momentum transfer principles and inspired by fish lateral line sensors. Each sensor consists of a vertical cilium attached to a horizontal cantilever. Fluid flow imparts moment on the vertical cilium, and causes the horizontal cantilever to bend. The fabrication process and preliminary measurement data are presented.
The Tricuspid Component of the First Heart Sound in Mitral Stenosis

The sound of tricuspid valve closure has been identified in 35 of 40 phonocardiograms of patients with mitral valve disease. Identification of the sound is facilitated by the delay of closure of the mitral valve thus separating these 2 components of the first heart sound. When the ventricular rhythm is irregular due to atrial fibrillation, the intensity of the sound is inversely proportional to the length of the preceding diastolic interval. When the sound of tricuspid closure is accentuated, it may be identified by auscultation as the initial component of a split first sound mesial to the apex. Measurement of the interval from the onset of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram to the "first heart sound" should be made to the mitral component of the first sound when this can he identified on the phonocardiogram.
Electronic magnification and perceived contrast of video.

Electronic magnification of an image results in a decrease in its perceived contrast. The decrease in perceived contrast could be due to a perceived blur or to limited sampling of the range of contrasts in the original image. We measured the effect on perceived contrast of magnification in two contexts: either a small video was enlarged to fill a larger area, or a portion of a larger video was enlarged to fill the same area as the original. Subjects attenuated the source video contrast to match the perceived contrast of the magnified videos, with the effect increasing with magnification and decreasing with viewing distance. These effects are consistent with expectations based on both the contrast statistics of natural images and the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system. We demonstrate that local regions within videos usually have lower physical contrast than the whole, and that this difference accounts for a minor part of the perceived differences. Instead, visibility of ‘missing content’ (blur) in a video is misinterpreted as a decrease in contrast. We detail how the effects of magnification on perceived contrast can be measured while avoiding confounding factors.
Taking a hit: the consumptive spectacle of marijuana in a celebrity visual culture

I consider modern society's scopophilic fascination with, and hegemonic insistence on, seeing and consuming, especially that which it considers at once reprehensible and desirable. I examine the context and consequences of the publishing of a photograph of a purportedly marijuana-smoking Michael Phelps, who had recently won a record eight Gold Medals at the Summer Olympic Games in 2008. By reading the photo and its repercussions through a visual culture lens, I demonstrate how America's powerful mythic construction of its newly minted ideal athlete-hero became vulnerable. Building on previous work on deviant social spaces and activities, I interrogate this image as an (1) instantiation of the social containment of illicit pleasure, (2) example of an unwieldy image refusing to disclose what it “wants,” (3) embodiment of polysemic interpretations (exhibitionist, disciplinary, casual, spectacular, and banal), and (4) as an indicator of our predictably unstable cultural addictions. Implications follow.
The impact of co-morbid conditions and insurance status on trauma patient outcomes:

IntroductionThis study aimed to determine the correlation between trauma patient co-morbidities, insurance status and final disposition.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of co-morbid conditions and insurance status on trauma patient outcomes utilising the National Trauma Data Bank. Paired T-tests were used to determine significance (P < 0.05).ResultsPatients who were discharged to home had the highest rate of private insurance (27%, P < 0.01), while those sent to a facility had the highest rate of public insurance such as Medicare or Medicaid (50%, P < 0.01) and the lowest rate of no insurance (5%, P < 0.01). Patients who died had the lowest rate of private insurance (17%, P < 0.01) and 15% had no insurance (P < 0.01). Complications and co-morbidities were significantly more common in patients who died compared to those sent to another facility or home.ConclusionImproving access to private insurance is associated with improved trauma-related morbidity and mortality.
Decision-making, market logic and the rating mindset: Negotiating BookScan in the field of US trade publishing

How do cultural intermediaries mediate the introduction of new technologies which may challenge the legitimacy of their daily decision-making practices? Using the case of acquisition editors in the US trade publishing industry and the release of BookScan, the first point-of-sale data service for US book publishers, this work highlights the adoption of market-driven data into practices which traditionally have relied on editors’ dispositions, intuitions and aesthetic sensibilities. The findings highlight ways in which acquisition editors integrate BookScan data into their daily work within publishing firms, as well the creative ways in which they use BookScan’s legitimacy to pursue projects of their choosing. Ten years after the introduction of BookScan, while the data service cannot be ignored, acquisition editors navigate its application, protecting both their cultural capital as ‘arbiters of taste’ within publishing firms and their ability to promote works they deem to be of cultural value or import.
Meanings of community in a community health center

As health care organizations make communities the targets for their interventions, connections between "community" as theory for practice and community as setting for practice require examination. This study s purpose was to explore meanings given to community in a newly formed community health center, with particular emphasis on the relationship among women, community, and health. Using interpretive and emancipatory methodologies, interviews were conducted with clinic administrators and staff, and women who used the clinic. Data analysis revealed discrepancies in meanings of community. Clinic personnel referred to community as the target for their services, while clinic users spoke about community as the process that made feeling connected with others possible. Health center staff and administrators described the community they were serving as having limited economic, educational, physical, and psychological resources and saw little which could be labeled a community strength. Health center users however, spoke primarily of their abilities to support each other. These contradictory understandings of the meaning of community rendered different expectations regarding health care services. Meanings given to community may de-personalize, homogenize, and objectify, and ultimately distance nursing from those intended to be served.
Impact of Embolization During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Outcome and Length of Stay

Abstract Background . Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography detects emboli in most patients during coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the significance of these emboli has not yet been established. Methods . We monitored 82 patients during coronary artery bypass grafting with this technique and related the numbers of emboli to the outcomes and length of hospital stay. Results . We detected cerebral emboli in all patients. Patients with stroke (n = 4; 4.9%) had a mean of 449 emboli, as compared with 169 emboli in patients without stroke (n = 78) ( p = 0.005). Patients with major cardiac complications (n = 7) had a mean of 392 emboli, as compared with 163 in patients without such complications (n = 75) ( p = 0.003). The mean hospital stay of survivors was 8.6 days in patients with fewer than 100 emboli (n = 40), 13.5 days in patients with 101 to 300 emboli (n = 23), 16.3 days in those with 301 to 500 emboli (n = 16), and 55.8 days in patients with more than 500 emboli (n = 6) ( p = 0.0007). This relation was unchanged when patients with complications were excluded. The correlation between embolization and outcome was independent of the extent of aortic atheroma or age. Conclusions . Emboli detected during coronary artery bypass grafting are significantly related to major cardiac and neurologic complications and affect length of stay in all patients, even in the absence of such specific complications. (Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:998–1002)
WAC for the Long Haul: A Tale of Hope

If the tale we are about to tell sounds familiar, the reason lies in a familiar pattern. An awareness of the status quo arises from emerging dissatisfaction with an increasing number of features of that situation. A certain floundering around ensues, during which various factions propose various solutions. Finally, a new plan emerges and is put into place. Over time, that new plan becomes a new status quo; and the cycle continues. Robert Connors describes that cycle within the field of Rhetoric and Composition, but the pattern itself is hardly new. Thomas Carlyle described it in his 1831 essay “Characteristics.” Thomas S. Kuhn documented similar cycles throughout the history of science in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a work that reads across disciplines to chart revolutionary shifts in accepted intellectual paradigms. Our story of WAC’s evolution at Carleton College chronicles two of these cycles, and what justifies the telling is the way the story parallels WAC’s evolution from a faculty development movement to a multi-disciplinary initiative, and finally into an era when demands for outcomes-based accountability extend what we believe are unprecedented opportunities for WAC programs, which are a nexus where several important dimensions of student learning come together. Our tale, then, chronicles an alliance between WAC and assessment, an alliance that we believe represents WAC’s third evolutionary stage. On the other hand, if the tale we are about to tell sounds new, the reason stems from that very alliance, from the fact that what we are chronicling is WAC on a new frontier. For a variety of reasons, the growing accountability movement has focused on Writing Across the Curriculum. Of course, WAC in its writing-in-the-disciplines mode brings together
Beaching Casino Location Laws: Why States Should No Longer Require Casinos to Build on or Near the Water

Of the seventeen states that allow commercial casinos, five require those casinos to locate on the water. Seemingly grounded in nineteenth-century riverboat nostalgia, it is time for these states to move on from these outdated water location laws. This Article provides a succinct background on riverboat gaming, including a brief survey of the laws of those states that restrict casinos to water locations. The Article then argues that riverboats pose unique dangers to the safety of people and property, are damaging to the environment, and potentially cause a loss of taxation revenue in those states that also have tribal casinos. The Article concludes by arguing that states should repeal the location laws and allow their gaming commissions to completely control the location of sites when granting operating licenses to casinos.
DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY

SUMMARY Any big change in Federal Reserve monetary policy creates winners and losers in the U.S. economy. But who wins most and who loses most? This paper offers one answer to that question. When the Fed aims for higher inflation, middle-aged, middle-class households, who tend to have big mortgages, benefit at the expense of wealthy retirees, who have a lot of their savings in bank accounts and bonds. Poor and young households are less affected because they are less likely to own homes and their debt burdens are low. In this model, monetary policy not only creates winners and losers but this redistribution also has effects on the real economy: Aggregate consumption declines because winners are likely to spend a smaller fraction of their incomes than losers. In the authors’ analysis, the redistributive effects of monetary policy operate mainly through the traditional channel: borrowers benefit from higher inflation, while lenders lose. But the authors also consider what happens if housing prices adjust to changes in demand. In their model, changes in inflation do not affect home prices in a uniform way. Prices for homes typically bought by first-time buyers rise little when inflation rises. But houses in demand by middle-aged homeowners, who are using their gains to try to upgrade, rise significantly. These changes in house prices—which hurt middle-age, middle class households and benefit elderly rich households—partially offset the direct redistributive effects of higher general inflation. The authors evaluate the wealth changes arising from two scenarios. Both imagine an increase in inflation, one unanticipated and the other anticipated because the Fed announces an increase in its inflation target. The identity of the winners and losers is roughly the same in both of these scenarios, although losses incurred by the old rich are reduced considerably if the future course of inflation is anticipated. Thus, the authors find that, contrary to much of the recent rhetoric, looser monetary policy helps the middle-class and middle-aged at the expense of the wealthy aged. Given the magnitude of the gains for some and losses for others, big changes in monetary policy are likely to be politically contentious, the authors conclude.
Smoking Initiation Rates in Adults and Minors: United States, 1944–1988

To the authors' knowledge, calendar year trends in cigarette smoking initiation rates have not been examined on a population basis. National Health Interview Survey data (1970, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1987, and 1988) on age of starting to smoke fairly regularly were used to compute smoking initiation rates for males and females aged 10-24 years from 1944 through the mid-1980s. Information from 102,626 respondents was included. The authors examined trends in these rates and looked for associations with milestones in the antismoking public health campaign. Smoking initiation in 21- to 24-year-old (adult) males declined sharply beginning around 1950 when evidence regarding the health consequences of smoking was first made public. The decline in adult females began in the mid-1960s when the Surgeon General's report was released, intensifying the public health campaign. The initiation rate for adult males and females dropped below 1% by the end of the study period. Initiation rates in 15- to 20-year-old males also began to decrease in the mid-1960s, but rates for 10- to 14-year-old males did not decrease over the study period. Initiation rates for females both in the 15-20 and 10-14 year age groups actually increased, at least through the mid-1970s. These trends in smoking initiation suggest that knowing the health consequences of smoking has kept adults from starting to smoke. Such knowledge either may be lacking or may not be salient among the youngest age groups.
A hybrid approach for generating ultra-short bunches for advanced accelerator applications

Abstract Generation of electron beams with high phase-space density, short bunch length and high peak current is an essential requirement for future linear colliders and bright electron beam sources. Unfortunately, such bunches cannot be produced directly from the source since forces from the mutual repulsion of electrons would destroy the brilliance of the beam within a short distance. Here, we detail a beam dynamics study of a two-stage compression scheme that can generate ultra-short bunches without degrading the beam quality. In the first stage, a magnetized beam is compressed with a velocity bunching technique in which the longitudinal phase space is rotated so that electrons on the bunch tail become faster than electrons in the bunch head. In the second stage, the beam is further compressed with a magnetic chicane. With the aid of numerical simulations we show that our two-staged scheme is capable to increase the current of a 50 pC bunch by a notable factor of 100 (from 15 A to 1.5 kA) while the emittance growth can be suppressed to 1% with appropriate tailoring of the initial beam distribution.
Aphid Transmission and Separation of Two Strains of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus from Sweet Potato

The russet crack strain of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (RC-FMV) is transmitted by Aphis gossypii Glover in a typical nonpersistent fashion. The minimum acquisition and inoculation probe times resulting in successful transmission were 7 and 2 sec, respectively. The virus was retained by starved aphids for at least 60 min. No transmission occurred when the aphids were starved for 120 min after a virus acquisition access feeding period of 4 min. Transmission of RC-FMV from sweet potato plants was greatest when symptomatic foliage was used as a virus source; no transmission occurred from young, expanding foliage at the plant apex. Mixed infections of the common strain of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (C-FMV) and the RC-FMV strain in sweet potato were readily detected and the component viruses were isolated by using aphid transmission from graft-inoculated Ipomoea setosa Ker. plants to I. nil (L.) Roth seedlings. Mixed infections were not detected by aphid transmission directly from sweet potato.
Antiangiogenic activity of clofarabine

235 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (clofarabine) is a new-generation nucleoside analog discovered by Southern Research Institute based on the experience with cladribine and fludarabrine. Clofarabine has demonstrated significant single-agent antitumor activity and has recently been approved by the FDA for the treatment of pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblast leukemia. Clofarabine has also shown significant efficacy in xenograft models of solid tumors; its activity in solid tumors is presently being investigated clinically. It is known that clofarabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair and induces apoptosis by disrupting the integrity of mitochondrial membranes. However, it has not been tested if clofarabine is active against tumor angiogenesis that is required for a solid tumor to grow beyond 2 mm in diameter. In this study, we have investigated the effect of clofarabine on endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation into capillary vessels, the key steps in angiogenesis. The results show that clofarabine inhibits human endothelial cell proliferation, with an IC50 value in sub-micromolar range, and also their migration towards the angiogenic factors, an important functional property of endothelial cells to form the vascular network. Clofarabine, also, clearly interrupts the endothelial cell differentiation to form endothelial tubes. These results indicate that clofarabine is not only active against tumor cell growth, but also active against endothelial cells to inhibit its proliferation, migration and microvessel tube formation, suggesting an important role of clofarabine in antiangiogenesis. Further studies on the mechanism by which clofarabine inhibits neoangiogenesis are being undertaken. These findings highlight the potential of clofarabine as an effective agent against human solid tumors, which combines anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic activities in one molecule, and provide information to further optimize dosage and sequence of clofarabine treatment in future clinical trials.
Prediction on the Apparent Viscosity of Super Heavy Oil Based on Artificial Neural Net

As for the super heavy oil of the Liaohe oil field,the relationship between apparent viscosity and temperature,shear rate is comprehensively studied.The functional relations between apparent viscosity and temperature,shear rate are that the higher the temperature is,the smaller the apparent viscosity is,and the bigger shear rate is,the smaller the apparent viscosity is. The artificial neural net is used to simulate the mapping relations between all kinds of factors and the apparent viscosity,and then the forecast model of the super heavy oil is established.This kind of technique which takes the affect that temperature and shear rate impose on the apparent viscosity into consideration presents few parameters、less calculated amount and better prediction,which provides accurate viscosity parameters for the crude oil piping technology calculation and piping operation.
Investigation on Culex pipiens pallens resistance to insecticides in Yancheng city

Objective To investigate Culex pipiens pallens resistance in Yancheng city.Methods Distinguishing dosage method.Results Culex pipiens pallens developed over high resistance to DDVP in Yancheng area.Except that Jianhu had light resistance or sensitive level to cypermethrin and permethrin.Deltamethrin resistance was inconsistency higher than that in other area.Conclusion After some insecticides were used to control mosquitoes for a long time,Culex pipiens pallens had developed obvious resistance to insecticides.Insecticides should be changed for controlling mosquitoes in these areas.
Longitudinal Effects of a Second-Order Multi-Problem Factor of Sexual Risk, Marijuana Use, and Delinquency on Future Arrest Among Truant Youths

ABSTRACTBased on problem-behavior theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977), a second-order problem behavior model of delinquency, marijuana use, and risky sexual behavior over five waves was estimated among truant adolescents. The study also investigated the influence of the problem factor on future arrest charges and the effect of sociodemographics on problem behavior and future crime. Results confirm the existence of a second-order latent factor of problem behaviors. Problem behaviors predicted more future arrest charges. Age was related to problem behaviors and future arrest charges, and family income was related to problem behavior. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Pyelolithotomy of a renal transplant.

AbstractA large calculus developed in a renal transplant patient and was removed by pyelolithotomy. Hyperparathyroidism was not present. Important factors to consider before performing a nephrolithotomy in a transplanted kidney are whether the transplant was a right or left kidney and the timing of the operation in relation to renal function and infection. The etiology for renal stone formation in renal transplant recipients includes hypercalciuria, renal tubular acidosis, antacid administration and infection.
Low-noise, fast muscle functional imaging using LED continuous-wave (CW) imager

This paper is focuses on optimizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a near-infrared (NIR) continuous wave (CW) imager and its application to in vivo muscle metabolism measurement. The shot noise limited SNR is derived and calculated to be 2×104 with typical muscle blood concentration. We utilize sample and hold circuits to reduce high frequency noise, through which SNR of 2×103 and 2 Hz imaging acquisition rate have been achieved when the probe is placed on a muscle model (μa = 0.18cm−1, μs = 8cm−1). The instrument is applied during exercise to measure the changes of blood volume and deoxygenation, which provides important information about muscle metabolism.
Understanding the Disruptive Innovation Wrought by Computers and the Internet: A Review

AbstractThis review essay amalgamates the economic dynamics found in the rise of the computer industry, as detailed in Martin Campbell-Kelly and Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz, From mainframes to smartphones: A history of the international computer industry (Harvard University Press, 2015), and the metamorphosis of data networks in Shane Greenstein, How the Internet became commercial: Innovation, privatization, and the birth of a new network (Princeton University Press, 2015). These developments have altered the fields of industrial organization and public policy, while shaping the economy of the future. Both books offer deep and illuminating histories that inform our understanding of markets, technology, and government regulation.
Dominican Legendaries and the Legenda Aurea

The Dominican legendaries composed in the thirteenth century include Bartolomeo da Trento’s Liber Epilogorum in Gesta Sanctorum, Jean de Mailly’s Abbreviatio in Gestis et Miraculis Sanctorum, and Jacob of Voragine’s Legenda Aurea, or Golden Legend. Bartolomeo da Trento emphasizes the maternal aspects of Perpetua, while Jean de Mailly and Jacob of Voragine return to the late antique Acta Perpetuae as their source, removing any empathic elements of Perpetua’s character, and instead, representing her as an unattainable ideal, suitable for admiration but not imitation. The Golden Legend was a wildly popular book in the later Middle Ages, and as a result, the version of Perpetua’s story told by Jacob of Voragine becomes the dominant one for the next 250 years.
Self-Control and Risky Lifestyles in Context: Cross-Level Integration between Opportunity and Collective Efficacy in the Study of Peer Victimization among South Korean Youth

The study applies individual trait and opportunity perspectives at the individual-level factors associated with peer victimization among South Korean youth. The theoretical analysis integrates individual-level perspectives with community-level perspective. Data are derived from the Korean Youth Panel Survey, which provided information for a sample of 2844 adolescents, aged 11. Findings revealed significant effects of low self-control and risky lifestyles (delinquent peer associations and juvenile delinquency) on peer victimization. The results lend support for the application of self-control theory as well as lifestyles and routine activities theory to understand peer victimization of adolescents in South Korea. However, there was no independent effect of neighborhood collective efficacy on peer victimization, nor did neighborhood collective efficacy attenuate or condition the individual-level effects on peer victimization.
The “Bad Is Black” Effect: Why People Believe Evildoers Have Darker Skin Than Do-Gooders

Across six studies, people used a "bad is black" heuristic in social judgment and assumed that immoral acts were committed by people with darker skin tones, regardless of the racial background of those immoral actors. In archival studies of news articles written about Black and White celebrities in popular culture magazines (Study 1a) and American politicians (Study 1b), the more critical rather than complimentary the stories, the darker the skin tone of the photographs printed with the article. In the remaining four studies, participants associated immoral acts with darker skinned people when examining surveillance footage (Studies 2 and 4), and when matching headshots to good and bad actions (Studies 3 and 5). We additionally found that both race-based (Studies 2, 3, and 5) and shade-based (Studies 4 and 5) associations between badness and darkness determine whether people demonstrate the "bad is black" effect. We discuss implications for social perception and eyewitness identification.
Speculative parallelization needs rigor

Software speculative parallelization has shown effectiveness in parallelizing certain applications. Prior techniques have mainly relied on simple exploitation of heuristics for speculation. In this work, we introduce probabilistic analysis into the design of speculation schemes. In particular, by tackling applications that are based on Finite State Machine (FSM) which have the most prevalent dependences among all programs, we show that the obstacles for effective speculation can be much better handled with rigor. We develop a probabilistic model to formulate the relations between speculative executions and the properties of the target computation and inputs. Based on the formulation, we propose two model-based speculation schemes that automatically customize themselves with the best configurations for a given FSM and its inputs. The new technique produces substantial speedup over the state of the art.
Reproductive Medicine in Guinea Pigs, Chinchillas and Degus

Guinea pigs, chinchillas, and degus are hystricomorph rodents originating from South America. They are commonly presented as exotic pets in veterinary practice. Reviewing the anatomy and physiology of their reproductive tract helps to offer better client education about preventive medicine and helps to act faster in emergency situations. Choosing the right anesthetic protocol helps to prevent complications. This article should aid as a guideline on the most common reproductive problems of these 3 species and help in making decisions regarding the best treatment options.
Variable magnetization pattern machines

This paper presents variable magnetization pattern machines that have a capability to control the spatial property of magnetization patterns in permanent magnets by intentional dynamic demagnetization during operation. These machines can effectively reduce the unwanted property caused by the spatial harmonic magnetic flux density, such as the iron losses and torque ripple, since they can greatly reduce the source of the harmonics in the rotor magnetomotive force (MMF). The principle of magnetization pattern change, the limitations regarding the applicable machine type, and the machine performance comparison with and without magnetization pattern shaping are discussed.
Effects of hormones on time-dependent memory storage processes

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the experiments to describe the effects of hormones on time-dependent memory storage processes. These experiments provide evidence that hormones can facilitate and impair time-dependent memory processes. In these studies, rats were trained on a one-trial inhibitory (passive) avoidance task with a weak footshock. Immediate post-tria1 injections (subcutaneous) of epinephrine, norepinephrine, or ACTH facilitated retention performance of the avoidance response as measured 24 h after training. The effectiveness of the treatments in facilitating retention decreased as the time between training and injection was increased. These results suggest that non-specific consequences of a training experience (e.g., hormonal release) may normally modulate memory storage processes in untreated animals.
Leadership and funding: changes ahead for agricultural safety and health

For the last several decades, financial support for agricultural safety and health programs and professionals has primarily been covered by public dollars through federal and state government grant programs and appropriations. This federal and state funding provided a tremendous boost to farm safety and health professionals and program efforts for 30+ years and has provided the foundation and structure for current agricultural safety and health efforts and activities. However, there is reason to question long-term sustainability of a sufficient level of federal and state dollars for agricultural safety and health. Public funding for agricultural safety and health has never quite kept up to inflation, but even more ominous is that the entire agricultural safety and health program has been proposed for elimination each year by the White House budget beginning with the fiscal year 2012. It seems prudent, perhaps even imperative, for the agricultural safety and health community to find alternative support mechanisms. We suggest that now is a great time for agricultural businesses, services, and organizations to step up their financial support. Fortunately, several positive examples have recently surfaced within the agricultural community. As the agricultural industry continues to be a dominant enterprise in the United States, the integration of significant funding and the role of leadership from within the industry must continue to expand.
“HETE”ing up mitochondria in human heart failure

A decade of research has established the phospholipase iPLA2γ as being involved in cardiomyocyte dysfunction and necrosis leading to heart failure, but the mechanisms by which iPLA2γ acts and its interaction with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) that is critical for cardiac homeostasis are unclear. New investigations by Moon et al. demonstrate that mitochondria in failing hearts undergo dynamic shifts in PLA2 isoform expression, leading to a redistribution of eicosanoid composition that contributes to pathologic mPTP opening.
Learning styles of students enrolled in fashion classes: academic level, geographic region, and academic focus

Learning styles are important for instructors to comprehend so they understand how to enhance student learning. The purpose of this research was to examine learning styles among undergraduate stude...
Cramer-Rao analysis of unknown target parameters in electromagnetic induction data

In this paper, we derive the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for the unknown tensor amplitudes and target location parameters that can be estimated from electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements of a target. In deriving the bound, no restrictions are placed on the target type, target orientation, measurement geometry, or the geometry of the electromagnetic induction sensor or sensor array. The analysis is applicable to both a scanned sensor and a stationary array. In doing so, we illustrate ways to use the CRLB to analyze the relationships between parameters and parameter sets. We then apply the analysis to an experimental Georgia Tech EMI sensor for a nominal 2-D scan geometry. We also identify additional considerations in designing EMI sensors and acquisition setups.
Individual erbium dopants as a source of single photons in the telecom band

We demonstrate the first observation of photons from a single Er3+ ion in a solid-state host by using a Si photonic crystal cavity to enhance the photon emission rate by more than 650.
Isolated pancreatic tail remnants after transgastric necrosectomy can be observed.

Abstract Background Severe necrotizing pancreatitis may result in midbody necrosis and ductal disruption leaving an isolated pancreatic tail. The purpose of this study was to characterize outcomes among patients with an isolated tail remnant who underwent transgastric drainage or necrosectomy (endoscopic or surgical) and determine the need for subsequent operative management. Materials and methods Patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and retrogastric walled-off collections treated by surgical transgastric necrosectomy or endoscopic cystgastrostomy ± necrosectomy between 2009 and 2017 were identified by a retrospective chart review. All available preprocedure and postprocedure imaging was reviewed for evidence of isolated distal pancreatic tail remnants. Results Seventy-four patients were included (40 surgical and 34 endoscopic). All the patients in the surgical group underwent laparoscopic transgastric necrosectomy; the endoscopic group consisted of 26 patients for pseudocyst drainage and eight patients for necrosectomy. A disconnected pancreatic tail was identified in 22 (29%) patients (13 laparoscopic and nine endoscopic). After the creation of the “cystgastrostomy,” there were no external fistulas despite the viable tail. Of the 22 patients, four patients developed symptoms at a median of 23 months (two, recurrent episodic pancreatitis; two, intractable pain). Two patients (both initially in endoscopic group) ultimately required distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy at 24 and 6 months after index procedure. Conclusions Patients with a walled-off retrogastric collection and an isolated viable tail are effectively managed by a transgastric approach. Despite this seemingly “unstable anatomy,” the creation of an internal fistula via surgical or endoscopic “cystgastrostomy” avoids external fistulas/drains and the short-term necessity of surgical distal pancreatectomy. A very small subset requires intervention for late symptoms.
Probabilistic Assignment with Multiple Demands: A Generalization and a Characterization of the Serial Rule

We study a random assignment problem when each agent has possibly multiple demands on objects. In the case of unitary demands, Bogomolnaia and Moulin (2001) introduce the serial rule and characterize it for three-agent economies. We generalize the model to accommodate the possibility that demands may differ across agents and introduce a generalization of the serial rule. We first present a non-existence result of a rule satisfying sd-efficiency, fairness, and weak sd-strategy-proofness. Based on this negative result, we introduce limited invariance in place of weak sd-strategy-proofness. Our main result is that the generalized serial rule is the only rule satisfying sd-efficiency, the sd proportional division lower bound, limited invariance, and consistency. We can replace the sd proportional division lower bound by sd normalized-no-envy, and consistency by converse consistency, or both. The serial rule in Bogomolnaia and Moulin (2001) is characterized as a special case of our generalized serial rule.
Lack of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate activity in the C3H 10T 1 2 cell transformation system.

Abstract The widely used plasticizer and rodent carcinogen di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was examined for activity in the C3H 10T 1 2 murine fibroblast cell transformation system. Treatment with DEHP or its metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, did not produce oncogenic transformation, initiate the process of transformation in cultures treated with a tumour promoter or promote the process of transformation in cultures pretreated with a chemical carcinogen. These findings are consistent with the suggestion that the carcinogenicity of DEHP is mediated by an indirect mechanism and not by covalent interaction of DEHP with DNA.
Derivatives By Definition

An essential step in acquiring mastery of calculus is seeing the derivative as the limit of the slopes of secant lines. This means seeing the derivative as the limit of a difference quotient. One of the obstacles to this understanding is the algebra needed to take the various limits that arise in this context. Let’s explore how Maple can be used to learn about the definition of the derivative without requiring the student to be an algebraic virtuoso. We’ll pick a function, set up the appropriate difference quotient, and explore the idea of the limit.
Dislocation Movement at Crack Tip of Single Crystals of Ice

Etching and replicating techniques were used to study dislocation movement in the crack tip region of single crystals of ice undergoing mode I loading. Dislocation pile-ups were observed in front of the tip of an arrested cleavage crack in the prism plane. A dislocation-free-zone of length 750µm between the crack tip and the etching tracks was found for the first time in an ice crystal subjected to creep. These etching tracks corresponded to the traces of climbing dislocations and prevailed through the whole specimen, indicating that dislocation climb was the dominant mechanism for the creep of the specimen.
A model for visio-haptic attention for efficient resource allocation in multimodal environments

Sequences of visual and haptic exploration were obtained on surfaces of different curvature from human subjects. We then extracted regions of interest (ROI) from the data as a function of number of times a subject fixated on a certain location on object and amount of time spent on such each location. Simple models like a plane, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, hyperboloid, ellipsoid, simple-saddle and a monkey-saddle were generated. Gaussian curvature representation of each point on all the surfaces was pre-computed. The surfaces have been previously tested for haptic and visual realism and distinctness by human subjects in a separate experiment. Both visual and haptic rendering were subsequently used for exploration by human subjects to study whether there is a similarity between the visual ROI and haptic ROIs. Additionally, we wanted to see if there is a correlation between curvature values and the ROIs thus obtained. A multiple regression model was further developed to see if this data can be used to predict the visual exploration path using haptic curvature saliency measures.
The Public Foreign Debt

It is in the realm of the public debt that the Austrian State is most affected materially by the problem of state succession. If legal continuity had been maintained between pre- and post-World-War-II Austria the latter would be held responsible for her public debt contracted prior to March 13, 1938, but would not be responsible for the debts of the Third Reich contracted during World War II.